English Today -Vol.16 [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

7^A

FM

inttrxation*,t

English Todoy 16. Upper intermediole level book four @

2010 E-ducotion.it S.p'A', Florenfo, ltolio

All rights reserved Director editoriol : Cinzio Coiozzo Redoclor-gef: Meri Bortolocci, Filippo Melli Redoclori: Froncesco Bionchi, Borboro Boddi, Giulio Ricci Aceosld edilie 2010 penlru Ediluro Lilero opore sub licenfo E-ducolion'it S'p.A., Florenfo, ltolio Tooie dreplurile rezervole Edifie origincl6 @

2006 English Todoy

www.e-ducolion,il [email protected]

ENGLIS%d,o) U

PPER I NTERM EDIATE Level COURSEBOOK FOUR

Nivel INTERMEDIAR 2 VOLUMUL 1 6

{rat LITERA Edituro Litero

O. P. 53; C. P.212, sector 4, Bucuregli. Romdnio tel.: 031 425 1619; e-moil: [email protected] Ne putefi vizito pe Troducere: Morinq Loghin Editor: Vidrogcu gi fiii

Coordonore proiecl: llieg Cdmpeonu Folo copert6: Bogdon Miteo

Copertd: Vlodimir Zmeev, Vlod Ponfilov Tehnoredoclqre gi prepress: Anco Suciu Descriereo CIP o Bibliotecii Nofionole o Rom6niei English Todoy / trod.: Morino Loghin - Bucuregli: Litero lnlernofionol, 201 1.

22 vol. rsBN 978-973-67s-914-4 Vol. 16. - lsBN 978-606-600-014-7

l. Loghin, Morino (trod.)

Sll.lll rsBN 978-606- 600-O'.t 4-7

Tipdrit lo G.Ccnole, Bucuregli

**

4 f

o

2 &

I f I

Y

o o

u

o o E J

Cuprins

F I

q J

u

F

2 J

s

o

zU

Lecfio 8

Thot's life! Who con cleon besi? 7 Scenq l: Chompion cleoners in the kitchen

l0 II

56 infelegem Focus

Propoziliile subordonqte condfionole de tip 3

l5 l9 21 22

Exercifii Scenq 2: Queen of housewives Sd infelegem

Focus

,,Non-defini ng relotive clouses" (propozi;ii relolive/olributive explicotive)

26 30

Vocqbulor

Thof's life! Old love, new love Sceno l: All you think obout is footbolll Sd infelegem Focus

A exprimo dorinfe cu verbul ,,lo wish"

39 43 45 46 50 54

o U

Music

e = u

57 60 6l

= e, u 4 r l

Exercifii Sceno 2: Whol does thot song meon? Sd ?nfelegem Focus

oCompound nouns" (substontive compuse) Exercifii

Vocqbulqr

The world's mosl expensive violin 56 ?nfelegem Focus

Slrodivori gi mislerul viorilor

56

Exercifii

Weother

69 72 73

New ice oge in Englond Sd infelegem Focus

Ero glociord: o omeninfore reold?

Exercilii

Lecfio 9

3l 34 35

Television Progrommes

78

Exercifii

8l

Solufiileexerciliilor

F

E J

o

v

o o

I Thot's life! \Vho con cleon best?

6

Lecfio

J

u u J u F

s

o u e = U F

Lo propunereo lui Poolo, Anne gi Sondro,

omdndoud

monioce ole treburilor domestice, vor trebui sd demonstreze ?ntr-o intrecere fulger core dintre ele este gospodino perfectd. Poolo gi Michelle vor verifico rezultqiul gi vor decide pe cine sd incoroneze regind o curdfeniei. in oceosld lecfie vom invdfo sd construim propozifiile subordonote condilionole (,,if clouses") de tip 3, folosite lo descriereo unor ocfiuni ori o unor evenimenie irecule ce nu s-ou reolizol, insd core s-or fi reolizot (ori or fi putut sd se reolizeze) Tn olte condifii. Aceostd formd de condifionol se folosegte odeseo lo exprimoreo unei pdreri de rdu squ o unui regrel. Vom sludio gi ,,non-defining relotive clouses" (propozifii relotive explicotive) 9i pronumele core le introduc.

Chompion cleoners in the kitchen SCENA I

E dimineofd. Soroh e in bucdllrie pi io micul deiun. lntrd Michelle gi se ogozd lo mosd.

Michelle: Good morning, Soroh! Hove you seen whot o beoutiful doy it is? How oboul q wolk in the counlryside? And then we con relox by the pool. Soroh: I don't reolly feel like going out. ond reod.

l'd rother

stoy in

Michelle: Come on, Soroh, don'i be your usuol ontisociol selfl Let's hove some fun together! Why don'f we ploy o lrick

z e, q L L f

4

t

a-

I

o

I

E

-o

g

z o 6 U J

o

o F I

= o

zu

on the guys who ore still osleep? We could woke them up wilh o nice bucket of cold woler! Soroh: Whot o stupid trick! (tntrd Poolo zdrdngdnind Io chilord.) Poolo: ,,Nolhing's chonged, but I still love you iruly... Beoutiful girlwith brown eyes, dusling.owoy my heort sighs!" Scroh: Thol's ollwe needed!

o

Poolo: lt's iust slqrted! Michelle: Well, soldier Sondro hos lounched her offensive but the ,,Poolo-Michelle squodron" is responding well to the ottock ond will defend iis position to the bitter end.

Sqndro: Stop ploying oround. Roll your sleeves up! The sooner we stort working, the sooner we'll finish ond will be oble to relox by the pool. Michelle: Woit o minute! I wos iust ihinking of going bock to bed! lf l'd known whol wos woiting for me, I would hove

Poolo: You don't understond, Soroh, this is poetry! This is the story of o secret love! Soroh: Poetry, love, tricks! Enough of this nonsense! lf l'd known you were oll going to be so ,,omusing", I neverwould hove orgonised this reunion! (Pleocd.)

Anne: Moybe we could osk Soroh lo give us o hond. Michelle: Well, you musl be ioking! She iust osked nol to

(Poolo gi Mic helle rdmdn singuri, se privesc cu oer interogotiv, opoi Poolo incepe ior sd cdnte gi sd fredoneze.)

Anne: No... I iust sow him o few minutes ogo. I osked him

Pqolo: ,,Beoutiful girl with brown eyes, dusting owoy my

heort sighs!" (Pe neogtepfote, Poolo dd cereolele ios de pe rnosd. in ocel moment intrd Soroh.)

Sondro: Oh, no! Poolo! Look whot o mess you've mode!

And by the wqy... You didn't cleon lhe kitchen lost night, did you? (dandu-i lui Michelle un delergenf) Come on, Michelle, give me o hond! iti"hell., No, l'm sorry, I con't louch thot owful stuff! When ore you going to get ihe messoge? I never touch owful siuff! I hoie detergents ond the muhinotionols thot moke them! And I hote cleoning too! Come on!We're on holidoy! (Vine Anne.)

Anne: Whot is this rockei! And whot is going on in here? Hos World Wor Three broken oul?

slept until middoy!

be disturbed! And given her bod mood over the lost couple of doys... We could osk Mike though. where he wos going ond he soid he wos going to the villoge lo buy tl newspoper. He osked me if he should do some shopping, bul I told him we'd oll go to ihe supermorket together loler on. Poolo: Fonlostic! Firsi cleoning up, then the shopping! Just the sort of holidoy thot l'm dreoming of!

Sondro: Well... lt's only the four of us here! Let's shore the iobs out.

Pqolo: Just o minule, iust o minule... l've got on ideo!

6 J

U

u J U

F

5 o u

:

e,

u F

=, d u 4 L l

F

e

Iu

E

)o

x

Y

o

z

o

o

vl

u

6 J q

Focus

So ?nfelegem

u J

(Solufii lo pog. 81) o

o F I q

o

zU

Verificd docd oi Tnfeles sceno, rdspunzdnd lo urmdloorele intrebdri:

Propoziliile subordonqle condilionqle de tip 3

ll

Structurile condilionole (,,if clouses") de lip 3 privesc ocfiuni

F

Io u : d,

u

lt's o beoutiful morning, howwould you describe Soroh's mood? She's .... tr o) hoppy ond reloxed

tr tr

b) nol in o good mood c) full of life ond energy

How does Soroh reocl to Michelle's suggestion for o trick ond to Poolo's music? tr o) She regreis orgonising lhe reunion tr b) She thinks the trick is o greol ideo ond she loves Poolo's music tr c) She ihinks the trick is o stupid ideo but loves Poolo's music

lrecule ce nu s-ou reolizot pentru cd ipotezo din premisd nu s-o reolizol, dor s-or fi reolizot (ori s-or fi putut reolizo) in qlte condifii. Aceosld formd se folosegle des cdnd sunt exprimote regreie ori remugcdri penlru cevo ce om fi vrul sou nu s6 focem.

E

E Whot is Michelle's

ottilude to cleoning?

tr o) She never cleons tr b) She enioys cleoning like Anne ond Sondro do tr c) She likes cleoning but does nol cleon on holidoy

E Wny hos Mike gone lo ihe villoge? tr o) To buy o newsPoper tr b)To do some shopping tr

c) To escope from the ofhers

coNsrRUcTtA

AFTRMATTVA

,,lf clouses" de lip 3 se construiesc cu ,,if' urmol de ,,Post Perfeci" {ce corespunde condilionolului perfect din romdnd) in propozifio subordonot6 gi cu condilionolul trecul (would t hove * por4icipiu trecut)in propozilio regenid. in limbo curentd se folosesc frecveni formele controse ole lui ,,hod" gi ,,would" (pentru ombele, un ,,d" cu opostrof). Observd qcum schemo gi exemplele urmdtoore:.

subiect + hod ('dl + porticipiu lrecul (,,Posl Perfect"| + subiect + would ('dl + hove + participiu lrecut + determindri ulterioore

lf +

lf I 'd known thot, I 'd hove telephoned eqrlier

Docd og fi gliut osfo, og fi telefonol moi inointe

lf Jennifer hod tqken thot

Docd Jennifer or fi occeplal posful ocelo, s-or fi tronsferat

posilion, she would hove moved to Scotlond IO

U

in Scofio

F

z e u

d G f

e

:)

F I

o E

g

Y

o o

H

z o il J

o o F I

= o

z

Ordineo celor dou6 propozilii (subordonotd 9i regentd) ce formeozd slructuro condifionold (,,if clouse") se poote

gi inverso. Agodor, putem oveo ,rif clouses" core incep cu propozifio ce exprimd rezultolul, odic6 propozifio regenid' ln ocest coz, nu se folosegte virgulo, dupd cum demonstreozd exemplul urm6lor:

would hove visited if they'd known you were

They

Ei/ele or fi venil sd te vodd docd or fi sliut cd egti in orop

negotivd numoi ceo cu ,,if" (subordonolo), uneori regenlo, cum orold exemplele ce urmeozd:

Docd nu rn-of fi dus lo lf I hodn't gone lo the porty, lwould hove gone pelrecere, m-og fi culcol moi devrerne to bed eorly lf l'd known, I wouldn'l Docd o9 fi ,tiul, nu og fi venit hove come

in lown.

FOtOSIREA LUI

coNsrRUcTlA NEGATIVA + noi cu subordonotd ,,would" propozifio 9i + porticip'r-u trecut)tn urmol de negofio ,noi" 9i de porticipiul trecul in propozifio regent6. $i in cozul ocesto se preferd folosireo formelor ao-ntror" ,hodn't" gi ,rwouldn'i". Observd ocum schemo 9i exemplele urmdtoore:

Frozele negotive se conslruiesc cu ,,Post Perfect" (hod

lf- + subiect + hod + not (hodn'r)+ porlicipiu trecut (,,Post Perfect") * subiecl * qrould * nol (wouldn'l) +

f,ove + porticipiu lrecul + delermindri ulterioore

lf I hodn't drunk so much Docd nu og fi bduf ol6to vin, wine, lwouldn'l hqve hod nu m-ar fi durul coPul otdl de lore such o bod heodoche Docd nu oq fi intdrziot lo lf I hqdn't been lole for sluibd, geful meu nu s'or fi work, my boss wouldn'l enervol ogo hove been so onnoyed Nu este obligotoriu co om6ndou6 propozifiile ce consliiuie

frozo condifbnol6 sd fie lo formo negotivd' Uneori este 12

,,couLD- tl

,,MIGHT',

in locul lui ,,would" se pot folosi modolele ,,could" 9i ,,mighl" cdnd dorim sd evidenfiem c6 un evenimenl sou o ocfiune s-or fi reolizot doc6 s-or fiTndeplinit condilio pusd Tn ipotezd' Observd exemplele urmdtoore:

lf l'd known qbout the meeting, I might hove qllended it

Docd o9 fi gliul de reuniune, og fi putut porficipo (probabil og fi fdcut-o)

lf we'd found him eorlier, Docdl'omfi gdsil moiinoinle, i-om fi" putul solvo vialo we could hove soved (probobil om fi putut-o foce) his life

Construcfiile ,,could hove" * porticipiu irecut 9i ,,mighl hove" * porticipiu trecut sunt folosile odeseo fdrd propozifio subordonofd, ceo cu ,,i1" , pentru o foce reproguri ori penlru o indico evenimente ce s-or fi putut reolizo in lrecut. Observd exemplele core urmeozd:

me! I didn't go oul becouse it might hove roined

You could hove

told

Mi-oi

fi

pulut spune!

Nu om iegil fiindcd or fi pulul sd ploud/puteo sd ploud

E

)u u J u F

Io U : e,

u

F

= d U L q f

4

3 o

F

r

(9

Y

il z

o o 6

o 4 u

coillBlNAT|E INTRE SUBORDONATETE coNDITIONAIE DE TIP 2 tl DE TIP 3

o

Existd gi o construclie speciold core Tmbind ,,if clouses" de tip 2 cu cel de tip 3, odicd tn propozifio regentd se poote gdsi condilionolul prezent (,,would" t formo de bozd o verbului)

J

o ts =

= o zu

tn locul condifionolului trecut, ior in propozilio subordonold rdmdne ,,Posl Perfect". Observd exemplele core urmeozd:

Exercifii (Solufii lo pos.

J

u u J

8l)

q F

momenlul sd focem pufin6 proclic6. Exerseozd propozifiile subordonote condifionole core exprimd ireolifote, folosind structurile condilionole de tip 3. E

Doc6 og fi invdlol moi serios englezo lo universilote, Qcum og vorbi-o mult mai bine

lf he'd eolen less ot middoy, he'd feel betler now

Docd or fi mdncol moi Pulin lo prdnz, ocum el s-or simfi moi bine

lwouldn't hove known onything obout the fire.

E

lf she'd been fiter,

l'd hove bought you

E

lf you hodn't told me,

o presenl.

t'd gone lo London

losl summer,

lrt

o douo, ostfel incdt

tf t'd known it wos your birthdoy,

Ef

:Ue u F

q :l

Unegle corect primo propozifie cu formezi un ,,if clouse" cu infeles.

ll

o

= d, u q

EXERCTTTUt I lf I'd studied English more seriously ot the universiiY, l'd speok it much betler now

s

my English would be very good now. she might hove won ihe gold medol.

sd

F

a f

o

Y

o L

T

o o

E 7

o a q J

o

o F

txERclrlut

EXERCITIUL 2 Pune formo verbql6 corecld Tn ocest exercifiu cu moi multe

vorionte.

Ef

... o minute eorlier, I might hove been oble to put

the fire oui. t1 o) he hod driven tr b) l'd orrived tr c) she hod eoien

Ef

U

Compleleozd frozele cu formo verbold corectd.

F

tr o) should told tr b) 'd hove told tr c) could told

E

lhe house. tr o) she'd lost tr b) she'd soved tr c) l'd ployed

tr tr tr

tf t"tory hod stoyed ot home, she o) wouldn't feel b) wouldn't hove feh c) hodn't been

Ef he wouldn'l hove

become

o teocher. tr o) hodn't studied tr b) hodn't possed Elc) hodn't gone lf you ... oll those yeors, you'd be o loi heolthier now' tr o) hodn't smoked U b) hod smoked tr c) hodn'i ployed lennis

E

J

u J u

s o

u

:e, E F

4 e,

u A

... some money she would hove been oble io buy

E ff ne ... io university,

6

I f I nod seen Poul I ... him lo do some shopping.

I

(=) zu

3

... homesick now.

ne ... to me he wouldn't hove foiled the exominolion.

tr o) hod listened tr b) hove been listened tr c) listened

E

ff you'd won the lotiery, you ... thol omozing estoie.

tr o)wouldn't hove bought tr b)wouldn't buy tr c)could hove bought

4 f

e f

F I

o

L

g

-o

u

z o 6

EXERCITIUL 4

Queen of housewives

Compleleozd frozele cu formq verbold corectd'

SCENA

il Would you hove told her if she ..' your best friend? E o)wosn't tr b) wosn't be tr c) hodn't been

Poolo (odresdndu-i-se Sondrei): How oboul you ond Anne hoving o cleoning compeiition, limed, in here? You cleon one porl ond you the olher.

u o F I

o

zU

o o J

u U

E tr tr

Jone ... disoppoinled if she hodn't possed lhe exom' o) could be b)would hove been

IJ c) could hod been

E tr tr

tf I hodn't missed the lroin, ... with you now' o) l'd be b) l'd hove been

trc)lom lf you ... so fosi, you would never hove croshed inio thot cor.

E

tr'o) didn't drive E b) weren't driving tr c) hodn't been driving

J

2

Michelle: Yes... I con keep the iime ond Poolo provide some beoutiful bockground music! At the end we'll see who's been ihe fostest ond of course which port of the kitchen shines the most!

Poolo: I think il's o greot ideo! You ond Anne ore olwoys orguing obout who's the besl oi doing things. Michelle: This could be the right moment lo show off your domeslic skills! And lhe winner will be crowned ,Queen of housewives"! Whot do you lhink? Anne: ll's o... h's on unusuql ideo... lt's very originol but... but l'm nol sure. Sondro: Come on, Anne, why not? lt'd be interesting! Anne: Ok! You've convinced me! Shollwe storl? Poolo: Greoi! So, Sondro, you cleon the sink, the cooker ond lhis port of the floor! Anne, you've got the oven, the toble ond lhis oiher port of the floor. Michelle: Ok... Reody, gel set, go! (Cele doud fele incep sd curefe co nigle opucofe. Michelle, cu cronometrul in mdnd, se uitd Io limp gi comenleazd ?nfrecereo. in schimb, Poolo incepe ior sd cdnle.) in hond, Sondro's cleoning the tops, Anne's "sponge intently sweeping ihe floor. Now Sondro's sproying detergent onto lhe cooking rings, Anne's storted on the toble.

Michelle:

U

F

Io

U e =,

u F

z &,

U L G l

4

t

F

x(,

o E Y

E

o

z o rA

u J

o o F I

= o zu

Time is possing by ond neilher contestont is showing signs of fotigue.'The rJce'is open ond noihing's seporoling the iwo cleqners".

o 6

Sd infelegem

J

U

u J u

(Solufii lo pos. 82)

F

Poolo: ,,Those college doys were so long ogo"'You ore so clever, so beoutiful too, but I never forgotlen you, nolhing's chonged, I still love you, beouliful girl with brown eyes' dusting owqy mY heort sighs'.."

Vcrificd docd oi infeles sceno, rdspunzdnd lo urmdloorele lntrebdri:

I

cleonest Porl.

E

Whot should Sondro cleon?

(Poolo 9i Michelle inspecleozdcele doud pdfii olebucdldriei' opoi se sfdtuiesc ?ntre ei 9i, in cele din urm6, se inlorc spre cele doud fete core ogteoptd cu leomd verdiaul')

E o) The oven

Sondro-Anne: So? Who's won?

H Who finished cleoning their port of the kilchen tr o) Sondro tr b) Anne tr c) They both finished ot the some lime

Michelle: Well, ofter o consideroble discussion' the iury declores ihot the winner is...

Come onl Don'f keep us in the dqrk! Sondro: Who's won?

Anne:

Michelle: You've both won, ii's o deod heot! You finished iog*n"t ond both ports of the kitchen ore perfecily cleon'

Anne: Ok, well moybe it's betler this woy, Sondro' At oi leost there'il be no orguing oboul"' oboui who is betier cleoning! leosl Sondro-: Yeoh, you're right, let's forget our rivolries' of it! on for todoy. Come on let's shoke

Anne: Ok! Sondro: We're both chompion cleoners!

:

d,

F

tr tr tr

Sondro-Anne: Poolo: lncredible! You both finished ot exoctly lhe some timel Come on, Michelle, we need to decide which is the

o u u

Anne ond Sondro compeie ogoinsl eoch olher over ... o) household chores b) boyfriends c) who is the mosl inlelligeni

Finished l

s

tr b)The fridge tr c) The kitchen sink

E

first?

How do Anne ond Sondrq feel obout lhe resuh of the competition? tr o) They ore unhoppy with the resuh tr b) Anne is hoppy with the result tr c) They ore both hoppy with ihe result

4 &,

U L q f

c

3

F I

o E

Iu

Y

o o

z o

IA

u o o F I

o

zU

Focus

,,Non-defining relqlive clquses" (ptopozi;ii relotive nereslrictive)

lecfio treculd om tnv6lot ,,defining relotive clouses" (fropozilii reloiive resirictive sou propozifii otributive ieterminotive), ocum exomin6m,,non-defining reloiive (propozilii clouses", odiiA propozifiile relolive nerestrictive core propozifii ocele despre vorbo Esle otribrtiu" ""plicoiivei' indispensobile nu ins6 furnizeozd informolii suplimentore, pentru infelegereo elemenlului regent lo core se refer6' iiind.a p"rroono ssu lucrul vizol sunl deio bine deflnite in propotiiio principol6. Propozifiile relolive nereslrictive sunt pufin iolosite'moi oles in englezo scrisd 9i formol6' fiind de frecvenfe Tn limbo uorLitA. Sd vedem nigie exemple ,,non-defining relotive clouses"'

in

lsxlului.

Fii otent: ,,non-defining relotive clouses" sunt delimitote inloldeouno de virgule ti, cdnd se vorbegte, sunt precedole ori urmote de o pouzd.

PRONUME RELATIVE NERESTRICTIVE Pronumele relotive nerestrictive introduc o propozifie incidentd core trebuie delimitotd intotdeouno prin virgule. Spre deosebire de pronumele restrictive, cele nereslrictive nu

pol fi omise niciodotd gi nici subinfelese. Bo moi mult, pot oveo 9i ocesleo funcfie de subiect gi de complement obiect gi se deosebesc dupd cum se referd lo persoone ori lo lucruri, cum se exemplificd in schemo ce urmeoz6:

Mergecm pe Bridge Rood,

SUBIECT

sfrodo princiPoll cu muhe mogazine, cdnd m-oi sunof

COMPL. OBIECT

My neighbour, who is

ihe homburgers there were very good

Vecinul meu, cQre este din New York mi-o sPus cd ocolo homburgerii erou foorte buni

Sue,

who hod been lYing on lhe sofo oll doY,

Sue, core stdfuse loold ziuo ?ntinsd pe divon, o ProPUs

suggested going out for o wolk

sd mergern sd focem o plimbore

The 7.31 troin, which is ohroys on lime, wos lote this morning

Trenul de 7.31, core e mereu pu n cl u ol, azi -dimi neal 6

from New York, told me

PERSOANE

LUCRURI

who who/whom

which which

Penlru referire lo persoone, se folosegle pronumele relotiv

a inldrzial

E J

u U J q F

Io u :e u F

=, d u

wolking olong Bridge Roqd, the moin shopping slreel, when you colled me I wos

22

Dupd cum pofi observo din exemple, informofiile din propozifiile relotive suni irelevqnte penlru inlelegereo

,,who" co subiect ol unei ,,non-defining clouse", cum se orotd in exemplele de moi ios: Dovid Beckhom, who used Dovid Beckhom, core ercr cdpitonul echipei de fotbol to be coptoin of the engleze, tr6iegte ocum in English footboll leom, now lives in Colifornio

Colifornio

The iniured owner of the

Proprietorul 16nit ol moginii, core hu o fost menfionot pe nume, o fost dus lo spitol

cor, who hqs not been nomed, wos token to hospitol

G L f

'r,,,

e f

o E

l-

It!

v

o

z o g J

o o F I

= o

zu

boschet The High School bosketboll Echipo de

o liceului'

pri.mo i""., ilft. *.r. ploying care iuco penlru c6gtigot o impreund' their first gqme togethJr, oord *on the ch-ompionship compionotul

nerestrictive Tot cu referire lo persoone, pronumele relqtive

; f*"ll; J" "o.pl"*eni obiect sunt "who" 9i "whom"' .u* poiivedeq in exemplele ce urmeoz6: police know not ;;#il;did crime the victim of the

John,

John, whom the

Anne wonled Bill, who ii..a, to donce with

she

pe

core

il

suspeclo

poltfio.' nu cunoereo victimo crtmet

Anne voio co Bill, pe core-l pldceo' sd donseze cu eo

her prezentot prielenului she introduced me io her M-o ["vfti""a, who I hqdn't ei, pe core nuJ cunoscusern onlerior met before nerestrictiv

relotiv Cu referire lo lucruri, se foloseqte pronumele obiect ol otdt drept ,rbi"tt cdi 9i drept complement .*ni"h", 'r""i,,"i"-aefi nig clouse"' Observd exemplele urmdtoore:

lqsts Oferfo oceosfo' core liry ;;i)';;J*"ek, is ieollv doorosdpfdmdn6' eintr-ode' vdr 'formidobild (pronume unbeotoble

This offer,

which

subiect)

which build, lo million €2 cost yet opened been nol hos

The new hospitol,

Noul spifol' core o costol 2 milioone .de lire sterline' nu s-o deschis incd (pronume subiect)

These books, which you Aceste cdfii, pe core Ie poli cqn find in ony bookshop, gdsi in orice librdrie, ili vor spune totul despre fomilie will tell you oll oboul (pronume obiect) the fomily

which hos bmn triolled in the US,

The new drug,

will be ovoiloble in the UK ncxt yeor

Noul medicoment, core o fosl experimenlol in Stotele Unile, Yo fi disponibil in Moreo Brilonie incepdnd cu anul viitor (pronume obiect)

o o J u u J U

F

s o

U u . = u F

d, = U L L l

9

c l o E

z

o o

I u

Y

o

tn

u J

o o F !

= o zu

EXERCTTTUT 6

Exercifii

E J

U

Completeozd propozifiile cu pronumele relotiv nerestricliv

(Solufii lo pog.82) Acum ?nceorcd sd exersezi cu pronumele 9i cu propoziliile relotive nerestrictive pe core iocmoi le-oiinv6fot'

EXERCITIUL 5

corect.

F .o

I

t"tv dod, ........... hos olwoys bought ]tolion cors, hos iust bought o Joponese cor.

,l895,

Completeoz6 propoziliile de moi ios olegOnd 9i introducdnd urmeqzd:

IThewinnerof the lottery, willwin €3 million.

.... lives in Liverpool,

I the Northern Hotel,

.... hos been

din vorioniele ce

, which wos eleded onlY losl Yeor, , who died in London ?, , who is 87, , who is on economisl,

E

Sir

Peter

will leove his ort colleciion

trtv

brother

soys prices will come

down next Yeor.

E fte

Lobour government

...."""""'

"" is now

very unpopulor.

E

Shokespeore

..........

Sirotford-upon-Avon'

wos born in

will close

naxl month.

reslored, will re-open for business in December.

to the notion uPon his deoih.

E

line, ................ wos buih in

:uu u F

e, =

E the roilwoy

,non]J"nning' reiorive clouse" corecld

u J u

fully

U 4 L f

e f o E

,l

v

It!

EXE RC

z o

IA

l!

o o t-

= o

zU

EXERCITIUL 7 propozifii este o propozifie Arqld cqre dintre urmdloorele

,elllivt ;"tesirictivd

E E

tr tr

(otributiv6 explicotivd)'

lhd book' q) My friend Poul, who lives.inDublin' wrote book' thoi poJi'*io liu"' in Dublin wroie b) My friend

hospitol comes n o) My English ieocher who works ot the f rom Sirotford-uPon-Avon' g b) Mv i"glish ieocher, who works oi the hospitol' comes

from Strotford-uPon-Avon'

E -

yeor' hos siqrted to write o) My mother who reiired lost o nou"l'oboui her childhood' hos stqrted to write tr b) MY mother, who retired lost Yeor' o nou"[obout her childhood'

tr

wos o child hos

tr o) The pork where I olwoys wenl when E - ;; been turned inio o cor Pork' *"ni when I wos o child' I

tr b) The pork, *h"i"-r J*lvt

ho, no* been turned into o cor Pork'

rTlU

o o

tI

6 J

u

Arotd core dinire urm6ioorele propozifii esle o propozifie

U

relotivd neresiriclivd (olributivd explicotiv6).

J q F

[

Io u :e

U

E

tr

o) My friend Morco, who lives in Milon, hos decided to emigroie io Auslrolio. tr b) My friend Morco who lives in Milon hos decided to emigrote lo Ausirolio.

tr o) Jone whose son groduoled

lost yeor is one of my best

friends. tr b) Jone, whose son groduoted lost yeor, is one of my best friends.

H tr o)The museum lvisiied yesterdoywhich

is in front of the is reolly interesting. bonk tr b) The museum I visited yeslerdoy, which is in front of the bonk, is reolly inleresiing.

E tr o) The womon we met yeslerdoy, whose doughler wos my clossmote, lives in o beoutiful house in lhe counlry. tr b) The womon we mei yesterdoy whose doughler wos my clossmote, lives in o beoutiful house in lhe country.

F

4 &,

u L 4 f

gA

l

o E Y

o o

Lccfio 9

Vocsbulsr omusing distrqctiv/d orgue (to) o discuto, o se certo; o orgumento, o rofiono; o convinge osleep odormit/d owful teribil/6, grooznic/ 6, oribil/d, ndprosnic/d bockground music muzicd de fond breok out (lol o exPlodo; o izbucni; o scdPo buckel g6leotd conlestonl concurent/6 cooker orogoz cooking ring cuPtor crown (to) o incorono dqrk intuneric, obscurilote (lo keep somebodY in the dork: o nu dezv6lui cevo cuivo, o fine Pe cinevq in intuneric)

deod heot intrecere lo egolitote, merit egol gel sel, go! goto, stori! housewife cosnic6, gospodind

middoY Prdnz mood store de sPiril nonsense neghiobie, tdmpenie oven cuPtor pool obrev' de lo swimming-Pool: Piscind

queen regind roce inirecere rqcket vocorm, lorm6, zqrvd

Thot's life! Old love, new love ln ocesl episod, Mike ldmuregte cu Soroh neinfelegereo din

shqke (to) o-gido mdno, o pecetlui cu o strdngere de mbna (lel's shoke on it: dd

riuo onterioord... ln oceostd leclie vom studio diferitele construQii qle verbului ,,lo wish", folosite lo exprimoreo dorinfelor o cdror reolizore poote fi probobild, improbobild sou chior imposibild cu privire lo situolii prezente, lrecule sou viitoore. Moi porcurgem 9i principolele substontive compuse englezegti, vedem cum se conslruiesc gi cum formeozd plurolul.

mdno!)

o etolo sink chiuvetd, sPdl6tor sleeve mdnecd (lo roll uP one's sleeves: o-gi sufleco mdnecile) sponge burete siuff (fom.) lucru; moleriol sweeP {to) o mdturo lop robinet though in orice coz, oricum; cu toote c6, degi

time (to) o cronometro; o fixo, o olege oro

to the bitter end Pdnd lo

All you lhink about is footbsll! 3CENA I Mike e lo piscind. Sosegfe Soroh.

Mike: Hi Soroh, do hqve you o minule thot l'd like to tolk... Soroh: Sure...

Mlkc: Well... I'd like to opologize for lhe other evening. I sweor I didn't do it on purpose. I didn't know onything obout whot hod hoppened ot the bor. Soroh: Ok, l'll forgive you lhis time!

sfdrgit

trick glum6, gog, trucl strologemd

World Wor Three ol Treileq RdzboiMondiol

J

u q J g F

s o u

& = u F

rivolry rivolitote

shore oul (lo) o TmPdrfi, o divide in P6rfi egole shine (to) o strdluci, o luci show off (lo) o Pune in evidenfd, o PUne in voloore;

E

IYllkc: Greot! l'm glod we've cleored up lhot misunderrtonding. So tell me, how did the fire stort? Sorqh: I don't reolly know! The lighting sysiem hod been checked two doys eorlier by rhe electricion. And the

=, d u L G l

c

:t o

u

v

z =

z

o (,l o UJ

J

too' lt hod iust been sprinkler sysiem wos working fine instolled. But it didn't workl

lhink oboul is footboll, footboll is the only importont thing in your life!

Mike: How's thot Possible? ;;;; iJ"n;r reqlly know. Someone must hove thrown

Mikr: You're exoggeroting now, Soroh!

o

o F T

= o zu

I

on the

which cought fire stroight owoy'

"'*oin' down in o few hours' The fire "jg";"n" prb u,*uJ i#*i.rl up in flomes' lwish l'd brigode couldn't ro""lt' n ott*unt more coreful... I wish l'd checked everything H;;; corefully.

Mike:

could you hove But ii,s nol your fouh, Sorohl How

on, you've. got lo pull yourself your whole.life thinking obout out of this! You "on'i'p"nd be such o tunny person"' four problems! You used to oll chonged since Soroh: Life chonges us, Mike' We've our universitY doYs'

;;"t"d

in" +ir"d

C"'"

old enthusiosm

'

Mike: Surel But l'd like to help you find,your .n"i". f"f f me, how con I possibly help? w"il"-t't'noi sure"' You're emborrossing ;;;h

tr.ii"at'

me!

nol with me' we've Mike: You shouldn'i feel emborrqssed' is ii? time Whoi .i*"vt tt*"J "otn other"' no? Soroh: Four fifteen"' stoded! Mike: Oh, no! The motch"' li's olreody tolking were iusi then' we Sorotu You know Mike, ecron): I know' Mike (deschide televizorul 9i se uifd fix la loter! l've reolly I know! w"'tr .oniin;;;i conversolion motch' Chelseq greot oot lo wotch th" ;;;; now! lr's o Igoinst Monchester U nited I thot doesn't inleresi ;;;h (infuriindu-se): You know.chonged' Mike! All you me in the slightesi-iou hoven't

Soroh: And you don't underslond onything! All you core oboui is footboll! Moybe if I wore o Monchester United lhirl, you'd poy me more ollention!

o o 6 J

u u J u

F

s o

U

:

e,

U F

= d,

Mlkt: Whot did you soy?

U L L f

c l o E

u z 4 =

Y

,

o

o u J

o

o F

r

= o

Focus

Sfi ?nfelegem (Solufii lo pog.83)

Verificd docd oi inleles sceno, rdspunzdnd lo urm6loorele intrebdri:

zu

Il- How did the fire in Sqroh's pub stort? poper o) Someone lhrew o cigoretle into o.bin full of n n

bi Someone threw o cigorette onlo lhe curtoins cjThere wos on electricol short-circuit

E Wl'y does Soroh feel responsible for the fire? tr o) Her cigorette storled the fire tr b) She did not check the sprinkler tr c) Her friend storted the fire

E

E

Soroh is ongry with Mike becouse

tr

o) Mike likes fooiboll bi h" hos chonged since lheir university doys together

n .i

"'

t""tUoll is irore importont ihon their conversolion

together

Vcrbul ,,to wish" (o dori) ore moi muhe construcfii, dupd cum exprim6 dorinfe o cdror reolizore pore probobild, oproope sigurd, sou, dimpotrivd, improbobi16, docd nu chior imposibild. in oceosid ultimd situofie se folosesc conslrucfii deosebite pentru o exprimo dorinfe ireqlizqbile privitoore lo situofii sou lo evenimente pe cqre ne-or pldceo ld le schimbdm. in ocesi sens, ,,lo wish" e foorle osemdndtor cu ,,if clouses" de lip 2 gi de iip 3 gi corespunde formelor romOnegti ,,Ag vreo...", ,,Mdcor s6...!"

CXPRIMAREA UNOR DORINTE REALE

n

;

A exprimo dorinfe cu verbul ,,lo wish"

syslem

How hos the fire chonged Soroh? o) She is olwoYs very serious b) She wonls to be olone oll the lime cj She is often ongry with her friends

tr tr

o o J u u J

Psntru o exprimo dorinfe reqle se folosegte verbul ,,to wish" urmol de infinitivul verbului principol (precedot de ,,to"),

dupd cum orotd construcfio urmdloqre:

Subiecl + wish + verb ls infinitiv {cu,,lo"l + determindri

ulterioore

lo be olone Do you wish me lo come

Mike wishes

Mike doregte sd fie singur Vrei sd vin cu tine?

with you?

EXPRTMAREA UNOR DORINTE IMPROBABItE REFERITOARE LA VIITOR Penlru

o

exprimo dorinfe (in generol nereolizobile) ce

mqnifestd dorinfo de o schimbo o situofie octuold se folosegte

de reguld urmdlooreo construdie:

U

F

J o q

:u

U

F

e = U

c 4 l

4

t

u

o E Y

z.

7 o

o u J

Subiecl * I.i-tf"lri

subiecl + would + formE de bazd (infinitiv fdrd ,,1o") + delermindri uherioore

wish

o F I

=

z

wish he would more oflen

I

*

write

A9 dori co el sd scrie As vreo co/Mdcar sd inceleze si mo; focd otdfo gdldgie!

so much noise!

ExPRIMAREAUNoRDoRINTEIREALIzABlLE iire RtroARE LA PREZENT prezenl' o cdror reolizore Pentru exprimoreo unor dorinfe Tn wish" urmoi ;; trm1''[ lo imposibil6, se folosegte verbul "to of verbului principol' Aceostd construcfie o fof6 odeseo pentru o indico nemulfumire 'de ce Observd construcfio 9i exemplele

;-;#iliort; ;;i;l;*it" ,it".fi"

alrerminotd.

Subiecl + wish + subiect + Simple Psst uherioore

*

determindri

I

to cook!

gdtesc!

She wishes she

could

Eo or vreo sd poold vorbi

tp"of. onother longuoge oltd limbd verbul

penlru "to Fii otent: cdnd ,,to wish" este regenl persoonele formq tooie lo t"",- o""rto din urmd osumd de coniugore ,,were"'

J

u U

in

schimb,

ne referim lo dorinfe ce

vizeozd

lvanimente din irecut gi core, conlror ogiepidrilor nooslre, nu !-ou reolizot, se folosegte verbul ,,lo wish" urmol de ,Porl Perfect". Aceostd conslrucfie se folosegle pentru o ne monifesto nemullumireo fofd de evenimente intdmplote ln lrecul gi oscunde un regret ori o remugcore pentru cevo ct om fi vrut s6 se intdmple sou nu. Observd construelio ;i exemplele ce urmeozd:

i

Subiect + wish

subiect

*

Past Perfect

+ delermindri

uhtrioore

lwich l'd bought it She

wishes she hqdn't

lp.nt I

so much

yeor

money

wish someone hqd

me

(Cdt)

know

let

/'t

vreo sd-l

Eo or vreo sd nu

fi cumpdrot

fi

cheltuit otilia boni onul trecut Ag vreo sd md

fi

ingliinfal cinevo

Sd revedem ocum cdtevo exemple extrose din episodul

Ag vreo sd fiu moi slob Ag vreo/Mdcor sd fi gtiut s6

6

J

losl

urmeozd:

wish I were thinner lwish I knew how

II;IRITOARE LA TRECUT CCnd,

moides

lwish they would stoP moking

IxPRIMAREA UNOR DORINTE IREALIZABItE

o o

video. Ag vrea sd fi fosf moi qlentd

lwish l'd been more coreful

Iwish I'd checked

dg vreo sd fi confrolof lotul

everything more

moi alenl

corefully

U

F

Io u : e,

u F

= u u L L l

E

t

o E

ut

zl

v

z z o

u,

U

o o F t

)o

zU

o o 6

Exercif ii

IF ONtY fn locul lui ,,wish" se poole f?!"-tj]:::l'l?i:1;;}:!1n"; lmpor mdcor) cdnd se doregie occentuqreo constiuclit t: ot"t"o9i ireolizobile' ,,lf only" J'*t"o'J