English Today -Vol.13 [PDF]

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English Todoy 13. Upper intermediqte lcvcl book onr @.20,|0 E-ducotion.it S.p.A., Florenfo, ltolio All rights reserved Direclor editoriql: Cinzio Coiozzo Redoctor-pef: Meri Borfolqcci, Filippo Melli Redoctori: Froncesco Bionchi, Borboro Boddi, Giulio Ricci Aceostd edifie 2010 pentru Edituro Liiero opore sub licenfo E-ducotion.il S.p.A., Florenfo, ltolio Toole drepturile rezeryqte Edifie originold O 2006 English Todoy

www.e-ducotion. it info@e-ducoiion. it

ENGLIS*d,n) UPPER INTERMEDIATE Level COURSEBOOK ONE Nivel INTERMEDIAR 2 VOLUMUL 1 3

4hri LITEFA Edituro Lilero

O. P. 53; C. P.212, sector 4, Bucuregti, Romdnio tel.: 031 425 1619; e-moil: [email protected] Ne putefi viziio pe Trqd0cere: Morino Loghin Editor: Vidrogcu 9i fiii Coordonore proiect: llieg C6mpeonu Folo coperld: Bogdon Miteo Copertd: Vlcdimir Zmeev, Vlod ponfilov Tehnoredodore gi prepress: Anco Suciu Descriereo CIP o Biblioiecii Nofionole o no.Oni; English Todoy / trod.: Mqrino Loghin * Bucurcati: Liiero lnternofionol, 201 I

.

22 vol. lsBN 978-973-57 5-9 44_4

Vol. l3 . - |SBN 9Z8-606-600.01 1.6 l. Loghin, Morino (trod.) 8l

l.l tI

rsBN 978-606-600-01

l-6

Tipdrit lo G.Conole, Bucuregti

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Cuprins

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Lecfio I

Thot's life! Decisions, decisions 7 Sceno l: Don'l rush me, Peter! 9

l0 16

Sd infelegem Focus

Comporofie inlre ,,Presenl Perfecl,'gi ,,Simple posl',

20

Exercifii Scenq 2: I re{use lo give up! Sd ?nfelegem

21

Focus

l8

Pronumele relolive 29

Exercifii

3l

Vocqbulor

Lecfio 3

Thot's life! Time for o show down 55 57 58

Scenq I: Moybe il's lime we tell him everylhing Sd infelegem Focus

,,Presenl Pedect Conli nuous" 63 55

67

Exercifii Scenq 2: I wqnt qnswers, ond I wonl lhem now! 56 infelegem

68

Focus

Formo durolivd cu ,rPresenl Perfect/'

73 75

gi cu ,,Presenl Perfect Conlinuous" Exercilii

Vocobulor

Lecfic 2

Television Progrommes

Thot's life! Hoppy birthdoy!

Kitchen

33 35 35

Sceno I : Mum's lhe word! Sd infelegem Focus

Verbe core cer gerunziul giverbe cqre cer infinilivul 44 45

Exercifii Scenq 2: l'll teoch you lhe lricks of the lrode

47 48

Sd infelegem Focus

Propozifii subordonote condifionole (,,if clouses") de fip I 52

Exercifii

s3

Vocobulqr

77

Everything bui ihe kitchen sink...

79 79

Sd infelegem Focus

,rlngredienle" num6rul unu: bucdtdriq 82

Exercifii

Lel's tolk

84 86 87

lndiq ond Chino Sd infelegem Focus

Chinq gi Indio: noii gigonfi

9l

Exercifii

93

Solufiileexercifiilor

Io u : u,

U

F

= e u & G l

u z o

v

o o 6

lecfio

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u

1

U J

Thot's life! Decisions, decisions

U

F

Io :e q

U

F

o convingd pe Shoron sd plece cu elli sd se mute in Joponio, dor folo cere limp ds gdndire. ln Peter inceorcd sd

secfiuneo de gromoiicd invdfdm sd distingem Presenl Perfect

de Simple Post. Studiem propozifiile relotive iplroduse

cu

pronumele ,rwho" , r,which" gi ,,whose".

Don'l rush me, Peler! SCENA I Pcler: Shoron, I colled o reol-eslole ogent fiys minutes ogo. He deols with oportments in Jopon... He soid he'd send on e.moil wilh some photos. Thot woy we con choose which oportment we like the best. (Jock infrd in sufrogerie gi sfd deoporte^ Peter gi Shoron nu-gi dou seomo de prezenlo lui gi conlinud sd vorbeoscd.)

Shoron: Don'l rush me, Peler! You know I hoven'l decided..' Pcler: I know, we've tolked oboul this q lol... But doesn'l lhe ideo of leoving oppeol to you? I meon, iusf think of it: o new counlry, o new life together, new experiences... Now, l'm reolly enthusiostic obout this opportunity! lt's not every doy you hove o chonce like ihis.

Shoron: Well, l've wonted to moke chonges in my life for o long iime, but these chonges seem so.., Well... So overwhelmingl There, I soid it... l've never been lo Asio qnd l'm frightened of going lhere to live!

z d,

u 4 r f

g

z o

u z o

z

Y

o o o

o u o F I

=

zU

Peler: Bul I told you thol Alice hos been there. She went to Jopon in 1995... She soys it's o foscinoling country. lt's onlique ond modern ol lhe some time... li's full of inleresting lroditions ond new innovolions.

Shoron: I know... I know... l've reod o number of books. Lost nighl I finished reoding ,,Jopon in the 21st Century". I odmit l'm curious obout if oll... Peler: You see? Jusl remember, you were ofroid when we come to London. Bul you've odiusted well... We've been here o yeor ond o holf ond you hoven'i once comploined. Uh, I toke thol bock, you comploined once losl week!

Shoron: Come on Peter, siop ioking oround! You're righl. l've mode greol friends. Thol's why l'm so hesitont lo go... Peter: I know... l'm olso sqd ot the ideo of leoving everyone... (il vede pe Jock.) Hey, Jock, how long hove you been in here? Jock: A couple of minules... Excuse me, I didn'l meon to spy... But you were so involved in your discussion... Peler: So, you've heord thol she still hqsn't decided, even if she's going to decide soon. ln foct, we ore iusl tolking obout which oportment lo choose.

Jock: Don'i rush it, Peter... Decisions oboul moior chonges toke lime. Peter: So, whose side ore you on? I need to gel going... I look my wotch to be repoired two weeks ogo ond I still hoven'l picked it up... Sooner or loler they're gonno pul it up for solel Byel Jock, l'm leoving her (referindu-se lo Shoron) in your honds. Pleose iry to convince her... (Pefer iese.)

So infelegem

J

(Solufii lo pog. 92)

J

U U U

F

Acum inceorcd sd vezi cdt oiinfeles din diolog, rdspunzdnd lo intrebdrile core urmeozd. Docd oi dificultali, te pofi uito

din nou lo episodul video de pe DVD sou pofi consulto vocobulorul de lo sfdrgitul lecfiei.

tr E

tr

Wny is Peter so enthusioslic oboul going to Jopon? o) Becouse he wonls to leove London b) Becouse il's o new counlry ond there will be new

experiences El c) Becouse he would like to find o new iob there

E

Why doesn'l Shoron wonl to go io Jopon?

E o) Becouse it seems too big o chonge E b) Becouse she is not inlerested in Jopon E c) Becouse she doesn't like chonges

H

Jock soid thot he didn't wonl to interrupt the discussion between Shoron ond Peler.

E True E Folse

E Where does Peier hove to go? tr o) To the theotre tr b) To the reol-eslote ogent tr c) To collect his wotch

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= d U d L l

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Focus

,,TREcur iNcHEtATtt,,TRECUT NEINCHEIAT"

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Comporofie inlre,,Present Perfect'J gi ,,Simple Posl" Sistemul verbol ol limbii engleze se bozeozd pe conceplul de iimp 9i, de osemeneo, pe cel de ospecl (o cotegorie co gi inexistentd in romdnd).

-

Aspectul depinde de diferenfele dintre formele diverselor coniugdri ole verbelor, de oceeo se disting trei iipuri de ospect: ospectul,,simplu" (timpuri verbole cqroclerizote de forme singulore gi de o denumire ce confine cuvdntul ,,Simple", de exemplu Simple Presenl sou Simple Post), ospectul ,,progresiv" (timpuri construite cu gerunziu gi corocierizole deci de o denumire ce confine cuvdntul ,,Conlinuous", de exemplu Present Continuous) gi ospectul ,,compus" (timpuri construite in ceo moi more porle cu ouxiliorul ,,hove" gi deci cu o denumire ce confine cuvdnlul ,,Pertecl", co Present Perfeci, pe core locmoi il sludiem). Aspectul compus exprimd doud idei: este vorbo despre o ocfiune terminoid inointeo olteio gi pentru core nu esle relevoni momentul exocl in core s-o desfdgurot. Aspeclul simplu, ?n schimb, descrie ocfiuni ce se percep co evenimente, odeseo incheiote 9i completole, despre core se cunoogte referinfo temporold exocld. Present Perfect e un limp deosebit, din moment ce, din punct de vedere conceptuol, ocfiuni intdmplote in lrecut sunl puse in relofie cu prezenlul gi cu momentul ocluol. Sd vedem diferenfele dintre Simple Post gi Presenl Perfect.

in leclio lreculd om spus cd Present Perfect exprimd un fel de ,,lrecut neincheiot": ocfiuni ori evenimenle core ou incepul ?nlr-un momenl din trecut 9i continud in prezent. in schimb, Simple Post se refer6 lo ocfiuni core ou incepul gi s-ou lerminot in lrecut gi exprimd, deci, un ,,lrecut ?ncheiol",

Compord urmdloorele exemPle:

l've lived in this flot for six yeors

locuiesc in ocest aporlomenl de gose oni

I lived in this flot for six yeors

Am locuit gose oni in

ocesf

oporfornent

semnoleoz6 (deci cel core cd ocfiuneo de ,,o locui" nu s-o incheiot incd vorbegte locuiegte incd in oportomenlul respecliv, ceeo ce ne permite sd troducem cu prezenlul). [n ol doileo coz, Tn schimb, folosireo Simple Post demonstreozd cd ocfiuneo de ,,o locui" s-q incheiol (gi cd vorbitorul s-o mulot intr-un olt

in primo propozifie, folosireo Presenl Perfect

oportoment sou intr-un olt orog). Sd vedem o oltd pereche de exemPle:

Morilyn Monroe in more thon 30

siorred films

Robert De Niro hqs

in 70

films

Morilyn Monroe

a iucol in

moi muh de 30 de filme

slorred Robert De Niro o iucol in 70 de filme

F

Io u :e U

F

= u U L 4 f

E

u

z o

o

u J

o o F I q

o

zU

o o o

in primul exemplu

folosim Simple Posi fiindcd Morilyn Monroe nu moi e in viofd gi, co otore, numdrul de filme in core o iucot nu moi poole cregte. ln ol doileo coz, in schimb, vorbim despre un octor incd in viofd, core moi ore mult pdnd lo pensie gi core, se presupune, vo iuco inc6, de oceeo numdrul de filme in core o iucot este o informofie ce se vo modifico fdrd indoio16 in timp. Totugi, docd ddm o referinld temporold definitivd (de exemplu ,in 1976"\, nu vom moi puleo folosi Present Perfect gi vom fi constrdngi ,|976 este un on sd recurgem lo Simple Posl, deoorece onul de-ocum incheiot. lo16 cele doud exemple comporote: Roberl De Niro hos

in 70

films

storred

in 70 de filme

storred in 3 films in 1976 Robert De Niro

coNsEcrNTE iN

Roberf De Niro o iucol

in 1976, Robert De Niro o iucotin trei filme

Nu gtim doc6 o regdsit-o dupd oceeo sou nu. Singurul lucru pe core il glim esie cd intr-un momenl din trecut o ovut loc un furt. in ol doileo coz, in schimb, vorbitorul vreo sd spund cd nu moi ore geonlo 9i cd nu gtie unde esie in ocel momenl, deci lroge concluzio cd i-o furol-o cinevo. lotd olte doud exemple: I

broke my orm

Mi-om rupt bralul

despre o ocfiune ce nu moi ore consecinfe in prezeni, deci broful nu moi doore. in ol doileo coz, in schimb, folosireo

Present Perfeci olroge otenfio osupro foptului cd broful or

puteo dureo incd din couzo frocturii.

TRECUT pRECiZAT

tr

TRECUT NEPRECTZAT

Poote diferenfo ceo moi ugor de recunoscut 9i de memorolintre

$tim cd Present Perfect exprimd o ocfiune core o ovul loc sou o incepul in lrecut gi ore o importonfd in prezenl, deoorece conlinud sd se simtd consecinfele sole. Jn schimb, Simple Posl se referd lo ocfiuni de-ocum incheiote gi core nu moi ou nici o legdturd cu prezenlul. Este vorbo despre ocfiuni ole cdror consecinfe ou Tncetot sd se focd simfile inoinie de momenlul vorbirii. Compord exemplele urmdtoore: Somebody stole my bog

Cinevo mi-o furol geonlo

Somebody hos stolen my bog

Cinevo mi-o furol geonlo

Simple Post gi Present Perfect este fopiul cd primul se referd lo evenimente despre core se furnizeozd referinfe temporole clore, pe cdnd ol doileo se referd lo un lrecut nedefinil: in ocest coz, importontd este oc,liuneo in sine gi nu momentul ?n core o ovut loc. Compord urmdtoorele exemple:

l've been to Bologno I

in primul coz, presupunem cd vorbitorul povestegte despre o ?mpreiurore lemporol6 cdnd cinevo i-o furot geonto.

Am fosl /o Bologno

wenl lo Bologno yesterdoy leri m-om dus lo Bologna

Primul coz se referd lo

o ocfiune (mersul lo Bologno)

) u Io F

U

t = U F u c L l

$i oici, degi troducereo esle oceeogi, ?n primul coz se vorbegle

PREZENT

U

= e

Mi-sm rupt brolul

l've broken my orm

J

U

core

o ovut loc inlr-un momenl neprecizoi din viofd. Cdnd

se

doregle oddugoreo unei referinfe temporole (co ,,yesterdoy") gi oncororeo ocfiunii intr-un onume moment din trecut, e necesor sd recurgem lo Simple Post.

u

u z o

z

o z o H J

o F

r6 o

z

Y

o o

lnsd o spune cd folosireo formei de Present Perfect e iipicd in propozifiile lipsite de referiritemporole nu e intru totul exoct. Acest limp verbol poole insofi foorte bine propozilii core confin expresii lemporole legole de limpul prezent, odicd expresii core se referd lo o perioodd de timp ce merge din trecut pdnd in momentul ocluol. ln ocest coz se folosegte Present Perfect in propozifii core se referd lo perioode neterminote,

core confin expresii cum or Ii ,,loday" (osldzi),,,this week" (sdpfdmdno oceosfo), sou expresii de iimp nedefinite co ,,recenlly" (recent, in uhimo vreme\, ,,ever" (niciodofd) gi ,,since 1978" (din 1978). Observd exemplele:

A: I've bought it todoy B: I

bought it yesterdoy

L-om cumpdrqt astdzi L-am cumpdrot ieri

coz, folosireo Present Perfecl semnoleozd cd dimineofo nu esle lerminotd, pe cdnd in ol doileo exemplu folosireo Simple Post orot6 cd suntem trecufi de miilocul zilci 9i cd e dupd-omiozd, seord ori noopte.

lol0 o schemd cu unele expresii temporole tipice folosite de qmbele timpuri verbole: ifi vo fi de folos sd o memorezi co sd gliiin orice ocozie pe core dintre cele doud timpuri s6 ll folosegti. PRESENT PERFECT

SIMPLE PAST

thir week (sdpfdmdno oceosto)

lost week (sdptdmdno lreculil

todoy

yesterdoy (ieri)

A: I've seen him recenlly

L-om vdzul recent

(ozi)

B: I sqw him lost week

L-om vdzul sdpfdmdno

for...

fwo monlhs ogo

(de, vreme de)

(ocurn doud luni)

rincc...

ot 8.10 p.m. (Lo 20.10)

lrecutd Propozifiile notole cu A se referd lo perioode de timp incd neterminole (,,todoy") sou lo momenie nedelerminote (,,recently"). Propozifiile notote cu liiero B, in schimb, se

referd lo momente ole unui lrecut bine precizot, definit

gi

de-qcum incheiot (,,yesterdoy" gi ,,lost week"). Fii oient lo expresiile temporole ,,this morning" (ozi dimineoldl, ,,this ofternoon" (ozi dup6-amiozd), ,,this evening" (ostd-seord) etc., fiindcd se pot referi otdt lo o o perioodd core poote fi incheioid, cdt gi lo o perioodd tn curs de desfdgurore. Compord exemplele:

Hwe you done this

this

the shopping

morning?

Did you do the 14

6

ln primul

(dojo)

on the 20rh of Februory (pe 20 februorie)

navor

in 1978

(niciodofd)

ln 19781

avar

when I wos born

lvreodotd, niciodofd)

(cdnd m-om ndscuf)

lurt

on Fridoy

olrcody

(tocmoi, chiar, doorl

(vineri)

Ai fdcut cumpdrdturile ozi

y.t

yesterdoy evening

dimineofd?

(lncd, pe deosupro,

shopping Ai fdcut

morning?

(din)

cumpdrdturile ozi dimineold?

rrccnlly (recenf, in uhimo

dejo)

vreme)

(ieri seord)

lost yeor (onullrecull

J

u

)

U

u

F :