English Today -Vol.15 [PDF]

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Wf#rerrr#ti{'*ri English Todoy

15. Upper inlermediote level book lhree O 2010 E-ducotion.it S.p.A., Florenfo, ltolio All rights reserved Director ediioriol : Cinzio Coiozzo Redocior-gef: Meri Bortolocci, Filippo Melli Redoctori: Froncesco Bionchi, Borboro Boddi, Giulio Ricci Aceostd editie 2010 penlru Ediluro Litero opore sub licenfo E-ducotion.it S.p.A., Florenfo, ltolio Toole dreplurile rezeryote Edilie originold @ 2006 English Todoy www.e-ducotion.it

ENGLIS*d,m) U

PPEft I NTERM EDIATF Level CSURSEBOOK THRHH Nivel INTERMEDIAR 2 VOLUMUL 1 5

[email protected]

-lh^1L wt^

ff:i*O.

P.

53; C. P . 212, seclor 4, Bucuregii, Romdnio

tel.:031 425 1619; e-moil: [email protected] Ne pulefi viziio pe Trqducere: Morino Loghin Editor: Vidrogcu 9i fiii Coordonqre proiect: llieg Cdmpeonu Foto copertd: Bogdon Miieo Copertd: Vlodimir Zmeev, Vlod Ponfilov Tehnoredqciore gi prepress: Anco Suciu Descriereo CIP o Bibliotecii Nofionole o Romdniei English Todoy / trod.: Morino Loghin - Bucuregii: Liiero lnternofionol, 20'l

i.

22 vol. lsBN 978-973-575-9 44-4

Vol.

l5 . -

ISBN

978-606-600-0,l3-0

l. Loghin, Morino (trod.) 81

t.lll

rsBN 978-606-600-0

I

3-0

Tipdrii lo G.Conole, Bucuregti

**

E E 4 I F

E = L

)U

Y

o o

6

o o F I

J

Cuprins

U

u J u F

= o

z Lecfio 6

Television Programmes

Thol's life! For old times' soke

Let's tolk

7 II 12

59 62 53

Sceno l: You hqven't chonged oi oll! Sd inlelegem Focus

Conslrucfio,,hove somelhing done"

17 21 23 24

Exercifii Sceno 2: ls everyone reody for the toosl? 56 infelegem Focus

Vorbireo indirectd

3l 34

Exercifii

Vocobulor

Focus

-

Exercifii

Sumo

- fol ond fosl

Sd infelegem Focus

Sumo: c6nd un sporl nu esle numoi un sporl

80

Exercifii

83

Solufiileexercfiilor

Lecfio 7

Th-ot's life! Secret loves 36 Sceno l: ,,Normol" iobs ore nol for me

39 40 45 48 50 5l

Sd infelegem Focus

,rPost Perfecf' Exercifii Sceno 2: I wosn'l expecting this! Sd infelegem

Focus ,,Defi ning rclotive clquses"

(prcpozilii relqtive dererminotive)

55 58

Exercifii

Vocqbulor

F

=, e u

Sport

71 73 74

u e = U

A working reliremenl? Sd infelegem

Viitorule... muncd

67

Io

4 L

u q c T F

Y

Lecfia 6

Thot's life! For old times' soke Dupd ce ne-qm solulqt prietenii, ne muldm in liolio peniru o o urmo pe Anne core o orgonizot impreund cu foglii ei colegi de universilqte o voconfd in Toscono, ?n cqsq de lo ford o unuio dinlre ei. Prietenii nu se vdd de mult6 vreme, ior oceostd intdlnire vo fi ocozio de o se confrunlo din nou pi de o trezi idile vechi, disensiuni gi rivolitAli de corocter. ln ocesl episod, tinerii oiung pe rdnd lo coso lui Poolo, core-i cu chiloro lui de core nu se desporte niciodotd. ^o$eoptd ln oceostd lecfie vom invdfo construc,iio ,,hove something done" core echivoleozd cu formulo romdneoscd ,ro pune pe cinevo sd foc6 cevo" gi se folosegte cdnd insdrcindm pe cinevo sd foc6 un lucru peniru noi. Moi vedem cum se conslruiegle opo-numito vorbire indirectd, folositd pentru o relolo cevo core o fost spus de ollii sub formd de diolog. $iin limbo englezd

trecereo de lo vorbireo directd lo vorbireo indirectd implicd onumite schimbdri in exprimore. Se modificd pronumele, odiectivele posesive gi cele demonstrotivq expresiile lemporole gi, in onumite situofii, chior limpurile verbelor.

You hqven'l chtrnged ot oll! SCENA

T

Poolo e ocosd, asezot pe divon, gi cdnfd Io chilord. Se oude curn se deschide ugo de Io introre. E Anne.

Anne: Hello? Anyone home? Poolo: Annel lt's greot to see youl

o o 6 J q

u J U

F

Io

U

e = u F

z u, q q q l

u

x

E

&

I

F

0

Y

6

*

Anne: Stop where you ore! Where ore you two going?! Come on Poolo, pick up thot brush ogoin ond Michelle,

J

o o F I J

o

zu

Poolo (Se duce sd o imbrdfigeze.): You look greot!

pleose, pick up your bog ond thot frightful hot!

Anne: Thonks Poolo, you look... You look well yourself... (uitdndu-se in jurul ei) But this house is so untidy ond so dusty! I know, let's give this ploce o good cleon. The olhers'll be here in o minute. Let's get storted stroighi qwoy. (nlre timp, Poolo s-o

?ntors pe divon

sd cdnte Io chifor6.)

(se intoorce in sufrogerie cu o mdfurd): Before you know it, we'll hove cleoned ond tidied everything. Poolo: You hoven'l chonged Anne, cleoning, dusting, tidying! Just like when we were ot university. Con't you think of onything else?

Anne

Anne: Look who's tolking! Alwoys strumming owoy on your guitorl (ii io chitaro din mdnd gi-i dd mdfuro.) Come on Poolo, don't be lozy! Come on let's gel storted! (Se deschide ugo cosei. lntrd Sondro Si Michelle, cu

o pdldrie

coroghioosd de poi pe cop).

Michelle: Surprise, surprise! Poolo 9i Anne (Se duc sd Ieimbrdlifeze pe cele doud fete.): Hi Sondro, hi Michelle! How ore you? Greot to see you!

Michelle (oruncdndu-1i cdt ocolo genlile 9i pdldria): Wonderful! All together ogoin, iust like ihe old doysl

Ok guys, whot sholl we do? I wont to hove lols of fun! Poolo (oruncdnd mdluro): So do l! Come on Michelle, let's go for o long wolk, oll the woy down to the loke!

Michelle kdzdnd Si ludnd pozilie de drepfi): At

your

commond, Coptoinl

Sondrq (gi eo ocupotd cu curdfenio): Come on Michelle, stop ploying oround ond give us o hond. (ii pune in mdnd un detergenl.)

Michelle: This detergent's mode by Sinlex, lhe Americon muhinotionol thot mokes household cleoning products. I refuse to use this produci. You know I hoie multinotionols!

Anne: But it's iust... All detergents ore produced

by

muhinotionols. How ore you supposed lo cleon o house if you refuse to use them? Michelle: You guessed right! I never do ony cleoning! My flotmoies look ofter thqtl

Anne: I see, so you orronged to hove your flol cleoned. Sondro: Michelle, you're iust like Poolo. Look whot o mess lhis house is in. lf it weren't for us... Poolo: lf il weren'l for you, l'd be chilled out ploying my guitor. None of your forced lqbour. I see we'll spend most of the time of this holidoy cleoning ... l'm storting lo wonder if ihis holidoy might hove been o mistoke. Anne: Come on, Poolo! Slop comploining! You'll be hoppy to see this ploce oll spick ond spon!... (O observd pe Sondro core gferge de prof o mobild.) Sondro, l've, l've olreody dusted thot!

o o 6 J

u

) U F Io U :& U

u F

z u U q L l

u e I

5

B

6

F

o u o o

Y

Sondro: Reolly?! Are you sure you cleoned it properly, 'cquse it doesn't look very cleon to me!

F

= o

zU

(Anne se strdmbd. inlre limp se deschide ugo de lnlrd Mike cu o sticld in mdnd.)

So infelegem (Solufii lo pos. 83)

lo inlrore.

Anne-Poolo-JVlichelle-Sondro: Mikel ! I Mike: Whqt's going on here? Are you my old college friends or workers from o cleoning compony?

Verificd docd oi infeles sceno, rdspunzdnd lo urmdtoorele inlrebdri:

o o o J u u J u F

J o u

& = U

I

F

tr tr tr

When Anne wos ol university she ... o) studied oll the time b) ployed the guitor c) wos very inleresied in cleoning

E

Whot wos Poolo doing when Anne orrived?

tr o) he wos ploying the piono tr b) he wos ploying his guitor tr c) he wos cleoning the kitchen

H Mi.helle refuses lo use the detergenl becouse ... tr o) she dislikes muhinotionols tr b) she is ollergic to delergents tr c) she prefers to cleon without using detergenls

E Wno cleons

Michelle's flot?

tr o)Michelle herself tr b) Michelle's flotmotes tr c)A cleoning lody

z u U

q L

l

u E e

5 a

I F

Y

o o

s u

My mum hos her blood

Focus

o o F I

= o

zU

Construcfio,,hcne somelhing done" Construcfio englezeoscd ,,hove something done" esle echivolentd cu ceo romdneoscd ,,o pune pe cinevo sd focd cevo" 9i se folosegte cdnd e insdrcinot cinevo sd foc6 un lucru peniru noi. Se folosegie oceosld formd otunci cdnd, de exemplu, este vorbo despre servicii furnizole de medici, meconici, instolotori, frizeri, intreprinderi de curdfenie, sp6ldtorii etc. in ocesl contexl speciol, ,,hove" este numit verb couzotiv, fiindcd exprimd o ocfiune core este couz6 o olteio. Verbul ce depinde de ,,done" (o foce) ore funcfie posiv6, odic6 inseomnd ,,o foce in ogo felincdt cevo sd fie fdcut".

pressure checked every 3 months hove my shirts dry cleoned I olwoys

I hove lhe

windows

Momoigi io (pune pe cinevo sd-i io) fensiuneo o datd

Io 3luni cdmdgile lo spdldtorie spele)

cleoned once o monlh

geomurile o dotd pe lund

They hove the house poinled every 2 yeors

Ei zugrdvesc coso (pun sd li se zugrdveosd) o dotd lo doi oni

Construcfio ,,hove * obiect * porticipiu trecut" se poote folosi cu orice timp verbol. Amintegte-fi cd se coniugd numoi verbul ,,hove", in timp ce porticipiul lrecul rdmdne neschimbot. Observd cdlevo exemple:

coNsrRUcTl

E

Verbul ,,hove" cu voloore couzotivd este urmol de complementul obiect (direct) 9i de porticipiul trecul ol verbului principol. Jine minte sd introduci inioldeouno obiectul intre ,,hove" gi porticipiul lrecul. Acum observd construcfio 9i exemplele ce urmeozd:

Subiecl + hqve + complemenl obiecl lrecul + determindri uherioore I hove my cor seruiced every six monlhs

+

l'm hoving my hoir cut

Mdine md duc sd-mi tund

lomorrow

pd r ul (,,P re senl Co nli n u ou

Vom zugrdvi bucdtdrio inoinle de Crdciun

(Viilor cu ,,will")

por{icipiu

Foc (pun pe cinevo sd-rni focd) revizia lo mogind

s"

cu semnificofie viitoore)

We'll hqve the kitchen pointed before Christmos She hod

lhe cor serviced

before the holidoys

Eo gi-o fdcul revizio lo mogind

inointe de vaconld (,,Simple Post")

o dotd lo gose luni Sue hos her flot cleoned every Tuesdoy morning

Sue foce (pune pe cinevo

sd-i focd) curotiin opodomenf

in fiecore mod,i dimineold

u J u

F

imi spdl mereu (duc lo spdlof)

Spdl (pun sd mi se

6 J q

Fii qtent: in locul lui ,,hove" se poote folosi ,,gei", core esle moifomilior.

Io U : d, U F

z e U cq l

E

u c I

5 I

F

6

o

u

6

Y

o

o J

u

o o F I

=

z

U J

U

FORMA NEGATIVA

FORMA INTEROGATIVA

,,Hove something done" se poote folosi gi lo formo negolivd. in qceostd situofie, se construiegte cu ,,hove" urmol de

Formo interogolivd se conslruiegte cu ouxiliorul ,do/does" urmot de subiecl, de ,,hove", de complementul obiect gi de porticipiul trecul ol verbului principol. Observd schemo gi exemplele cqre urmeozd:

negofio ,,nol", de complemenlul obiect 9i de porticipiul lrecut olverbului principol, cum indicd schemo 9i exemplele ce urmeozd:

Subiect

f

hqve + not + complementobiect + pndicipiu

F

Auxiliordo/does * subiect + have + complementobiect + porticipiu trecul * determindri ulterioore + ?

lrecul + determindri ulterioore I

don't hove my cor

Nu-mi foc revizio lo mogind

goroge, in ocel garai, o foc in cel de I hove il serviced over there ocolo Eo nu-gi conlroleozd nivelul She doesn't hqve her colesferolului destul de des choleslerol levels

Does he hove his flot cleoned?

$i-o f6cut el (o pus pe cinevo sd-i focd) curot in oportament?

Do you hove

i1i vopsegti

seruiced of thot

pdrul?

your hoir coloured?

checked oflen enough

Did you hove your hoir cui yesterdoy?

Te-oi tuns ieri?

l'm not hcving my hoir cul Nu-mi tund mline pdrul, tomorrow, l'm hoving it cul ci md tund vineri

Will you

hove the cor serviced before you go on holidoy? Are you going to hove your eyes lested?

ili vei foce revizio lo

on Fridoy I

didn't hqve the

cqr

seruiced before we left our

holidoys

for

Nu mi-om fdcut revizio lo mogind inointe co noi sd plecdm in voconld

inoinle de o pleco in voconf6? Inlenlionezi s6-li foci un control la ochi?

mogind

Io :u e, q F

= & u r q

)

u u 4 I

5

IA

F

z

v

o

o o

aa

u o o F I

o

zu

in propozifiile formote cu o porticuld interogolivd, construcfio esle urmdtooreo:

Pqdiculd interogotivd + ouxiliqr doldoes + subiect + hove + complemenl obiecl + porticipiu lrecul t determindri ulterioore + ?

E

Exercif ii

J

U q J

(Solufii lo pog. 83) Acum ?nceorc6 sd exersezi cu conslrucfio ,,hove something done", fiind otent lo folosireo timpurilor.

u F 3 o

U d , = u F

z

Where do you hove your hoir cut?

Unde ?!i tunzi pdrul?

EXERCTTTUL r

When did you hove

Cdnd !i-oi controlol

your choleslerol

nivel ul colesterol ul ui?

Unegte corecl primo propozifie cu o douo in ogo felincdt sd formezi o frozd cu ?nfeles.

levels checked?

Why did you hove your hoir cut so short?

De ce fe-oi tuns otdf

E

l'm toking the cor lo the mechonic's lomorrow

not too short though.

E

l'm hoving my eyes tested.

de scurt? Dod's hoving his cholesierol checked on Thursdoy

E

l'm hoving my hoir on Soturdoy,

cut

E l'll be ot the opticion's,

ot the hospitol.

to hove it serviced.

e U L L l

q E

5

e I

6

F

z

Y

o 6 o

t!

o o o

EXERCTTTUt 2

EXERCTTTUL 3

o F

Compleleozd urmdtoorele propozifii cu formo corectd o lui

Arotd core dintre urmdtoorele propozifii este coreci6.

I

,rhove".

o

u

E We

.. the living room decoroted lost monlh.

E t ........... E

....................

E I ................ it?

.. my possport renewed nexi week.

you

.... your photo token yet?

my hoir coloured yesierdoy. Do you like

U J

u F

s o

[ tr o) l'm going lo hove my hoir cut tomorrow.

o

zu

J

tr

U

b) I om going to hove my hoir'cuts lomorrow.

e =,

u

F

= d,

E tr tr

o) Jone hod the house poinled over the summer. b) Jone hos the house pointed over ihe summer.

E tr o) I got my cor serviced every two months now. tr

b) | get my cor serviced every two months now.

E n olAt lhe momeni Suson hod her flot cleoned

every

Fridoy.

tr b)At ihe moment Fridoy.

Suson hos her flot cleoned every

U G o l

x6 z

E q

o

Y

u J

o 6

o

o F

-

c I F

o

EXERCITIUt

4

ls everyone reqdy for the toqsl?

Compleieozd propozifiile inlroducdnd verbul dintre poronteze lo timpul corecl'

= o

z

E When ore you going to get thot choir ................""','

U

SCENA

J

2

Tinerii sunf ?

J

u U

F

in

sufrogerie. Anne gi Sondro confinud sd curefe

gisd oronjeze.

F

Mike (turndnd vinul in pohore): Come on, put owoy lhose

Pqul hod his

wollei

.'

lost

brooms ond detergents ond let's loost the good old doys! Michelle: But Soroh's not here yel!

Tuesdoy. (to steol)

Sondro: Thot's odd! She should be here by now! She soid she'd be here iust ofter lunch. Poolo: Thot's right!. And she's the one who orgonised this

hod their cenirol heoting boiler before lhe summer. (to service)

Ethey

reunion. (Se deschide ugo de

EAnne hod o newfrontdoor (to put in)

q

U

(to repoir)

E

Io :e

yesterdoy'

lo infrore. lntrd Soroh.)

Soroh: Am lwrong or ore you tolking obout me? So roh ! ! ! At losil Soroh: Don't get up!

An ne-Poolo-Michelle-5o nd rq-Mi ke :

Mike (lindnd pohorul

Tn mdnd); So,'everybody reody

for

lhe toost?

Sqroh: Well, octuolly I om reolly tired. I need to lie down. Pqolo: Oh, Soroh, don't be o spoilsporf! We've been woiting for you... (odresdndu-se celorlolfe) Come on lodies! (Sondro gi Soroh se ?mbrdfigeoz6.)

Mike (intre fimp se opropie Poolo gi-i murmurd Wow, Anne looks more bequtiful thon ever...

gopfif.):

= d U 4 L l

U U 4

Ivl

tF

z

Y

o IA U

o

o F I

o

zU

o o

o

PEolo: Don't tell me you still think obout her... Mike: So, I propose o loqst to our college doys together! Michelle: Yes... And io this wonderful holidoy! All: Cheers!

Sd Tnfelegem

J

(Solufii lo pog. 84)

U

u J

U

Verificd docd oi infeles sceno, rdspunzdnd lo urmdloorele lnlreb6ri:

F

Io u 2

e,

(Cu

lolii ridicd

?n oer cupele.)

I

Poolo lhinks the holidoy together moy be o mistoke becouse ... tr o) he doesn't like Sondro tr b) Michelle doesn'f wont lo help wilh ihe cleoning tr c) Sondro ond Anne osk him io help with the cleoning

E

On lhe subiect of cleoning ...

tr o) both Anne ond Sondro like cleoning tr b) only Anne is inleresled in cleoning tr c) Poolo wonts to do qll the cleoning

E tr tr

Who orgonised lhe reunion? o) Poolo b) Sondro

D c) Soroh

E

Who thinks thol Anne is more b"outitut then ever?

tr o)Mike tr b)Michelle tr c) Poolo

q F

z u u L 4 l

E E

x

c I

a

F

o u J

Focus

o o F I

Vorbireq indirecld

=

zu

Vorbireo indirectd se folosegte peniru o relolq cevo core o fosl spus de ohcinevo sub formd de diolog (vorbire directd). in limbo englezd, trecereo de lo vorbireo direcld lo ceo indirect6 urmeozd reguli speciole ce comportd schimbdri de pronume, de odiective posesive gi demonstrotive, precum 9i de expresii de timp. in unele situofii se modificd 9i modurile gi timpurile verbelor.

,,REPORTING VERBS-

- ,TO

SAY"

tl ,,To TEL["

Verbele core inlroducin generol vorbireo indirectd (,,reporling verbs") sunt ,,lo soy" gi ,,lo tell". Amdndoud inseomnd ,,o spune", insd sunt folosite diferit. Se folosegte ,,lo soy" cdnd nu este exprimot complementul indirect (odicd persoono cdreio i se vorbegte), in timp ce ,,to tell" se folosegte pentru o spune cuivo cevo gi e insofit intotdeouno de complementul indirect. Propozifio dependent6 (subordonotd) e legotd de ocesie doud verbe prin coniuncfio,,thot" (cd), odeseo omisd in limbo curent6 (dor obsolut obligotorie in lroducereo in romdnd). Compord ocum urmdtoorele exemple: Jock soid (ihot) the

test

wos

eosy

She

told me (ihot) she

wos very hoppy.

Jock o spus cd exomenul o fosf ugor

Mi-o spus cd ero foorle fericild

Fii qtent: - verbul ,,to soy" e folosit mereu in vorbireq direcld, ?nointe sou dup6 o cilore, odic6 otunci cdnd sunl redole intre ghilimele cuvinlele exocle ole persoonei core vorbegle;

- chior docd nu se folosegte in mod obignuit, ,,lo soy" se poole intrebuinfo giin vorbireo indirectd c6nd este exprimot6 persoono cu core se vorbegie. ln ocesi coz, complementul indirect (persoono cdtre core se foce odresoreo) lrebuie sd fie precedot de prepozifie ,,1o" (exemplu: He soid to me thoi he wos tired ) El mi-o spus cd ero obosif); - Verbul ,,to lell" ore 9i sensul de ,,o povesii, o islorisi" 9i esle intrebuinfot frecvent cdnd se povesiegte o intdmplore (exemplu: My foiher told me ihe story of our fomily ) Tatdl meu mi-o poveslit isforio fomiliei noosfre). CUM SE MODIFICA PRONUMETE PERSONALE, ADJECTIVETE POSESTVE tT DEMONSTRATIVE

in vorbireo indirectd, pronumele personole gi odiectivel,e posesive igi schimbd persoono in funcfie de context. $i odiectivele demonslrotive suferd modificdri. Observd urmdloorele exemple:

Vorbire

directd

Vorbire indirectd

He soid:

"l wont lo visil

He soid he wonted to visit

my

porenls"

El o spus: ,,Vreau sd-mi vizilez pdrinfii"

his porents El o spus cd voio sd-gi viziteze pdrinlii

soid She soid lhol wos her book ,,Aceosfo esfe corleo meo", Eo o spus cd oceeo ero o spus eo corfeo ei "This is my book", she

o o 6 J

U

u J u F

Io :u e.

u

F

z e u L L l

I

g U e I F Y

6

7 o g J

o

o ts I

=

z

cuM sE MODIFICA

ADVERBELE DE TIMP

tl

DE LOC

Pot vorio 9i odverbele

Vorbire directd

Vorbire indirectd

contextul discufiei, chior docd in mod obignuit odverbele se

John: "l'll cleon lhe flot lomorrow"

John soid thot he'd (would) cleon the flot the next doy

John: ,,Mdine voi fqce curol in oportoment"

John o spus cd ziua urmdloqre va foce curqtin oporlament

in momentul trecerii de lo vorbireo direct6 lq ceo indirectd. Schimbdrile survin in funcfie de modific6 ostfel:

Adverbe de timp

Vorbire directd

lost weeVmonth next week/month

)

yesterdoy

iomorrow now

ol the momenl

Poolo: "l cleoned lho kitchen yeslerdoy"

he'd (hod)cleoned the kitchen the doy before

todoy/rhol doy

Poolo: ,,leri om fdcul curol

the doy before

ln bucdldrie"

Paolo o spus cd fdcuse curol ?n bucdlirie cu o zi inointe

the next/following doY

Sorqh: "My cor broke down on the woy here"

Soroh soid thot her cor hod

Soroh: ,,Mogino meo

Soroh o spus cd i se sfricose mogino mergdnd ocolo

Vorbire indirectd

) ) ) ) ) t

todoy

then

ol lhot momenl

the week/month before - the previous week/monlh

lhe following week/month

Adverbe de loc

Vorbire directd here

this ploce

26

Acum observd urmdloorele exemPle:

Vorbire indirectd

) )

there

lhqt ploce

l-o sfricol venind oici"

Poolo soid

broken down on the woy lherc

FOLOSIREA VERBELOR

lN vonsrREA rNDrREcrA ln funclie de tipul de verb prezenl in propozifio principold, verbul din subordonotd poote suferi modificdri. Regulo generold spune cd, docd verbul core introduce vorbireo indirectd (,,1o soy" sou ,,to lell") este lo prezent, timpul din propozifio subordonold nu se schimb6. Docd este insd lo lrecul, verbul din propozifio subordonotd se deploseozd lnopoi cu o treoptd temporo16. Compord ocum urmdloorele exomple; le vor oiuto sd-li clqrifici ideile:

o o 6 J

u u u F 3 o q

) :e

U

F

= d u G L

:

u E e 7

I 6

F

z

-o

o a

u J o F

= = o zu

Vorbire indirectd

Vorbire directd She soys,

home

"l woni lo

go

eorly"

home

"l wont to

wonls

go

"orly"

sd md duc devreme ocos6"

wqnled

to go home eorlY Eo o zis cd voio sd se ducd devrerne ocosd

Eo

o

in

plus, cdnd se reloleozd odevdruri obiective' timpul

zis: ,,Vreou

p-["tiii"isubordonote rdmdne neschimbol chiqr doc6 cel iin'piopotifio principold e lo trecut, dup6 cum pofi observo din exemplele core urmeqzd: The teocher soid thqi

Profesooro o sPUs

modol verbs qre very importont.

cd verbele modole sunf foorte impodonte

John soid he likes

John o spus cd

ploying golf

sd iooce golf

J

U

u J u

Io :Ue

Eo zice cd vreo sd se ducd devrerne ocosd She soid- thot she

o o

F

to go home eorlY

Eo zice: ,,Vreou sd md duc devreme ocosd" She soid,

She soys thot she

36 vcdem ocum in tobelul core urmeozd cum se comporld diferitele moduri gi timpuri sludioie pdnd ocum lo lrecereo dr lo vorbireo directd lo vorbireo indirect6.

ii Ploce

u F

Simple presenl Sua: "l orrive in London ol len o'clock" Sue: ,,Sosesc la Londra le zece"

in London ol ten o'clock Sue o spus cd o sosif Io Londro Io zece

Prrsenl continuous Sqndro: "1'm meeling rdnne ol six" Sondro: ,,Md inlfilnesc cu Anne lo gose"

Pqsl conlinuous Sondro sqid thot she wos meeling Anne ot six Sondro o spus cd se infdlneo cu Anne lo gose

Viitor cv ,,will" John: "l'll cleon ihe flol

Simple post Sue soid thot she

orrived

Condifionol cu,,would"

lhis ofternoon" John: ,,Voi foce curol tn oporloment ozi

John soid ihot he would ('d) cleqn the flql ihqt ofternoon John o spus cd yq foce curol in oporloment in

dup6-omioz6"

dupd-ortozo oceeo

Simple posr Poolo: "l cleoned the

Post pedect Poolo soid he hod ('d|

kitchen yesierdoy" Poolo: ,,Am fdcul ieri curol in bucdtdrie"

cleoned the kitchen rhe doy before

Poolo o spus cd fdcuse curol in bucdldrie cu o zi inointe

= t

U

4 L l

E

u c I

a =

F

z

Y

o

u o F I

zU

o

Sd vedem ocum olte exemple, unele exlrose din episodul video:

ofter lunch"

Soroh soid she'd be here iust ofter lunch

Soroh: ,,Voi fi ocolo imediol dupd Prdnz"

Soroh o spus cd Yo oiungb oici dupd prdnz

Michelle: "l never use

Michelle soid she never used

delergenls"

delergents

Michelle:,,Nu folosesc niciodqtd detergenfi"

Michelleo

niciodot6 delergenli

Mike: "l'm looking forword

Mike soid hewqs looking frorwond to seeing Anne ogoin

Soroh:

"l'll be there

iust

lo seeing Anne ogoin" Mike: ,,Abio ogtePf sd

o

revdd pe Anne"

folosit

Mike o spus cd obio ogtePfo sd o revodd Pe Anne

ionighi"

Anne soid she would cook dinner thot night

Anne: ,,Diseord voi Pregdfi cine"

Anne o spus cd oveo sd pregdleoscd cinq ?n oceo

Anne:

"l'll cook dinner

seord

30

sPUs cd nu o

o 6

Exercif ii

J

u

(Eolulii lo pos.84)

Acum fnceorcd sd trqnsformi diologuri scurte in vorbire lndlrecl6, fiind otent lo schimbdrile pronumelor, odverbelor ;l limpurilor verbole.

lxlRclTlut

I

Dovid: "l'll see you lhere tomorrow."

!

Aliron' "l finish work ot five on Wednesdoy."

!

Pet", "l'm sludying o lot of the moment."

Homish:

qflernoon."

J o q

:

e.

U

F

= d, U 4 c

s

Tronsformd urmdioorele propozifii din vorbire directd vorbire indirect6, modificdnd corect limpurile verbelor.

I

q J q F

:) Tn

"l'll gel some money from the bqnk this

E E

e I

6 =

F

-

z

o aa

u o

o F

EXERCITIUL 6 indirect6' Tronsformd urmdloorele diologuri in vorbire

I

o

E

Sue:"Pele's orriving tomorrow'"

zU

txlnclTlut

o o E

7

J

Gomplcteozd frozele cu formo verbold corectd.

u u J u

!

Io

Suron works in on office in the centre of town. She soys thot

rhr ... in on office

in lhe centre of town.

El o)works

E

Jim,

"l'll cook dinner lonighl'"

TY::* -iT::l:ll:11:E

Alonr "l'm going into hospitol next Tuesdoy'"

tr

b) wos working El c)worked

E John con ploy the piono. He soid thot he ... the piono. El o) ployed tr b) ploys El c)could ploy

!

St" will leove tomorrow. She soid thol she ... tomorrow. leove o)would El El b) con leove tr c)will hqve left

tr th"y moy woit in my office. He soid thot they . .. in his office. El o) moy hove wqited

tr b) might woit tr c)willwoit

F

u

d , = U F

= & u G G l

u q c I F

Y

lrcfio

Vocqbulqr qrronge (lo) o conveni,

pick up (to) o oduno,

o se pune de ocord be chilled out (to) o se reloxo, o se odihni brush perie cleoning comPonY firmd de curdlenie comploin (lo) o se vdito, o se lomento corkscrew iirbugon detergent detergent dirty murdor/d dust (to) o glerge Proful dusty prdfuit/d for old limes' sqke de drogul/in omintireo vremurilor lrecute forced lobour munc6 forfotd frighfful oribil/d, inspdimdntdlor/oore guess (to) o presuPune, o gdndi, o crede; o ghici guitor chitord household om/femeie de serviciu; cosnic/6 lozy leneg/d lie down (to) o se intinde, o se trdnti mess hoos, dezordine, zdp6ceold odd ciudoi/6, bizor/6, stroniu/e

o culege

ploy oround (to) o glumi, o luo lucrurile ugor properly bine, corecl spick ond sPon cur6!otl6, curot/6 lun6 spoilspod stricd chef slrum (to) o zdrdngdni stroight owqy imediot, ocum tidy (lo) o oronio, o PUne lo loc, o pune in ordine toqst (lo) o toosto, o do noroc

wonder (to) o se inlrebo, o-gi pune intrebdri

7

Thot's life! Secret loves

o o 6 J

u U J q F

s o

ln ocaostd lecfie vom invdfo ,,Post Perfect", un timp verbol blorit pentru o indico o ocfiune treculd ce s-o peirecul lnqinlc de o oltd ocfiune, gi oceoslo trecutd (moi mult co porfrctul din romdnd). Vom moi onolizo pronumele gi propozifiile relotive (otributive), odicd ocele propozifii lubordonote ce confin informofii necesore s6 defineoscd

tou ti descrie persoono ori lucrul despre core se vorbegte in propozifio regentd. Co giin romdn6, in englezd existd doud llpuri de propozifii relotive: propozifii relotive determinolive tEu reslrictive (,,defining relotive clouses") gi propozifii rololiva explicotive sou nereslrictive (,,non-defining relqtive Gloures"). Aici vom studiq ,,defining relotive clouses", ior ln lecfio urmdtoore vom exomino ,,non-defining relotive clouEes". Propozifiile relotive sou otributive determinotive lunl propozifiile o c6ror semnificofie este esenfiold penlru e lnfelege sensul propoziliei regente, ogodor sunt necesore pantru o infelege despre cine or.i despre ce se vorbegte. Moi lnl6i insd, sd ne Tntoorcem lo vecheo noostrd poveste gi t0 vodem ce ou moi f6cut fogtii colegi de colegiu. in qcest :pirod, linerii poveslesc ce ou fdcut in oceostd perioodd, vorbind despre sluibo lor, despre ospirofiile lor gi despre omorurile lor. Anne, stdrnitd de intrebdrile lui Michelle, ll dasldinuie posiuneo ei pentru Jock, spre mqreo disperore E lui Mike, indrdgostit de eo in secrel gi core spero co in sceosld vocon!6 sd o cucereoscd, in sfdrgil.

:ut u F

z d U L I f

E

u c I

?

u u

F

v

z

o tn

u o o ts I

= o

zu

,rNormol" iobs qre nol for me SCENA Poolo gi

T

Mike sunt pe terosd sd sfeo lo soore' Saro aranieozd

florile.

Poolo: Life's hord for musicions, you know Mike' Somple recordings, ouditions, the odd performonce"' but never onything-serious. Alwoys woiting for the big breok! (lntrd Michelle.) Michelle: You know, Poolo, I rhink no one hos understood your lolent yet. You'll see, you'll be successful one doy' hoolo: I certoinly hope so! I need lo moke money somehow.

Mike: Why don't you gel o iob? Something, until you moke it os o guilorisl. Poolo: Whoi would I do? Work in q bqnk like you? No, lhol's not for me!

Mike: li's not os if there ore only bonks io work in' There qre other iobs thot You could do. Poolo: I know, I know. I worked in o supermorkel lost yeor.

Mike: Whot wos thoi like? Poolo: Well... Adding up oll the time ... And the olorm clock oi down. I did it for three months. No, no..' ,,Normol iobs" ore not for me. I om on ortisl' (Soroh se oproPie.)

Sqroh: Whot ore you tolking obout? Mike: Aboui work... By the woy, Soroh, how's your pub

Gcmlng on? Jusl o minute... Whol wos Mgon'1.,, Thot's it.

it colled? ,,Blue

o o E J

U

l*th:

You do il on purpose, don't you?... Moking things w9r!t,.. with thot sorcoslic tone of voice! You like moking fun of mel You're horriblel (Pleocd in fugd.)

u J u

F

Io

U d , = u F

Mfkr

(Rdmdne cu guro cdscold vdzdnd reoclio

lui

Soroh;

lle

odreseozd lui Poolo): But whol did I soy? Poolo: Whot? Didn't you know? Soroh's pub burned down Itro yeors qgo... The insuronce hosn'f poid, they soid the flre wosn'i on occideni. Soroh's lost everything... including lhe sense of fun she used to hove.

Mlkr: Monl I reolly messed up! I didn't know ihot

hod hoppened! We spoke ot Christmos, bul she didn't soy thol lhc pub hqd burned down! Poolo: You know whoi Soroh's like. She doesn'l like to rpeok rhis thing! This experience hos reolly chonged her. And I think lhis holidoy will be good for her. (Din bucdldrie se oud glosuri.)

Michelle: Whot's going on? Mike, Michelle gi Poolo se duc in bucdldrie sd vodd ce lnlimpld.

se

Anne: Thot is enough, Sondro! I don'l think you need lo odd onymore solt! Sondro: I reolly think the rovioli ore rolher tostelessl

Anne: Lel's see whot they think! (odresdndu-li-se lui Paolo 9i lui Mike) Would you like to try my rovioli? Sondro soys lhey're tosleless!

e = u G q l

u E c I

ztll u

F

Y

z

o

['J

Pqolo: Fontostic, Anne!

Mike: Reolly good! I olwoys soid you'd moke someone

56 inlelegem

o greol wife!

(Eelufii lo pos.85)

o

Anne: Did you heor thqt?! Sqndro: I dbn't think they're very iosty. l'm sorry, Anne, bul

Vrrificd doc6 oi infeles sceno, rdspunzdnd lo urmdtoorele lnlrubdri:

6 6

F I

= o

zU

my rovioli ore o lot better thon yours. l'm cooking iomorrow ond we'll see who's the besi cook! (Pleocd l6cul6')

Anne: She's olwoys criticising! Poolo: Don'l toke it seriously, Anne. You know whot

o o 6 J q

U J

u F 3 o q e =, q

F

!

Pqolo .... Et o) hos mode severol records El b) is o professionol clqssicol guitorist tr c) ic nol very successful os o guiiorisl

Sondro's like. Competitive by noture.

!

m,r" works ... El o) in o supermorkel

tr

b) in o bonk

El c) in o hospitol

E Aft"r Soroh's pub burned

down the insurqnce compony poy becouse ... dldn't El o) she hod not poid ihe insuronce compony El b) the insuronce compony soid the fire wos nol on occidenl El c) the police soid the fire wos noi on occidenl

!

trlit e ihinks Anne's rovioli ore ... El o) rother losieless

El b) very iosty El c) cooked too much

= e U L G l

E E

zg

c I F

E

-o

aa

z o 6 4 g J

Focus

o F

-

= o

z

,rPosl Perfecl" pentru o indico ,,Posl Perfect" este iimpul verbql folosit o ocfiune treculd ce s-o incheiot Tnointe de o olto ?ntdmplotd in irecut. Corespunde Tn romdn6 cu mqi mult co perfectul 9i, cum vom vedeq in contin uore, se poole folosi 9i in propoziliile precedole de ,,if'. Observd exemplele urmdtoore: After Poul hod eoten lunch, ihe phone rong

J

U

ASum o

o €

IOTMA AFIRMATIVA

Dupd ce Poolo mdncose, o sunof lelefonul

Dupd cum pofi observo, ombele propozifii sunl lo -trecul, insd se refera lq evenimente lemporole diferite. Moi int6i, Poolo igi termind prdnzul, opoi sun6 telefonul' Acfiuneo onierioord e lo ,,Post Perfect", ceo succesiv6 este lo ,,Simple Posl".

Cdndpusesemdeoportemulli When lhod sqved o lot of money I went to Africo bani, m'om dus ?n voconldin Africa for o holidoy ocfiuni trecute, dor $i in ocest coz este vorbo despre doud Moi intdi, pun diferite' lemporole momente in survenite in Africo. boni deoporte, opoi Plec

t6 vedem cum se consiruiegte ,,Posl Perfecl". Formo

EftmotivC re obline cu lreculul ouxiliorului ,,o oveo" (,,hod"), Glfa grc oceeogi coniugore lo toole persoonele. urmol de p€dlcipiul lrecul ol verbului principol. ln limbo vorbild giTn Sxprimdrile colocviole se preferd folosireo formei conlrose o l+Ji rhod' core echivoleozd cu ,,'d" (un ,d" cu opostrof). Tnsd fll otcnt sd nu o confunzi cu formo conlrosd o lui ,,would". BbrrvA schemo gi exemplele core urmeozd:

lubbct * hod + porricipiu irecul olverbului principol i drtrrmindri ulterioore I hod lcft lhe house

legisem din cos6 cdnd o sosit Alison

whcn Alison orrived

You'd gone when Foul orrived ot the porty

Cdnd o venit Poolo Io

Whcn I orrived, the fire hgd storred

Cdnd om ojuns, incendiul izbucnise

$ua hod

her orrived

finished

dinner when Jim

Wo hod completed rhe when the boss

iob

orrived

pelrecere, fu plecosegi

Sue terminose de mdncsl

cdnd o sosil Jim Terminaserdm treobo cdnd

o venil geful

They'd left the house when Plecoserd de ocosd cdnd o venit polilio lhc police orrived

u J q F

Io :ue u F

= e U L L

:)

1t

{t I I

1 I

u q c I

zl Ut

>l gt

F

v

nl J

FQIMN INTEROGATIVA

FoRMA NEGATTvA

I

:il I =

U

I

Lo tormo

ne1lotivd,

,,Post Perf9ci". se,construieu',"

;"n;il-";;i;;;;J'

urmot

"du:g.ill

1" f:-llitl'] folosireo

""xiliorul,,hod" it"Z"i.f u"t6rlri principol' $iin ocest coz se nr,efela dup6 cum for-"i rvrrrrvr controse ,hodn,l,, in limbo curenld, rreLvr

vNvr

v!

Subiect + had + not (hodn'l) + purticipiu trecul oi verbului principal + determindri ulterioore

before exom

hodn't sfudied

I took the

nu invillosem inoinle de o luo exomenul Eu

bine You hodn'l locked the door Iu nu ?ncuiosegi ugo pleco o de inoinfe cheiq cu left you p-p"tV U"t re

with ron he before h.rs doctor

Pete

hodn'l spoken

cu medicul lui inoinle sd olerge Io morolon Pete nu vorbise

proctised

before we song thot

U

Hed + rubiect + podicipiu trecul nlverbului principol * drhrmindri uherioore + ? fu fe gdndisegi lo osfo HnC you lhought of thot

e,

befErc I suggested it?

inointe de o fi-o sugero eu?

Hed you heord of Reggoe murlc before you come le livc in Jomoico?

Iu oscullosegi muzicd reggoe

Hcd

Sue

visited Chino

Noi nu fdcuserdm repelilii

J

U

F

s

o U

:

u F

Z

u u & c l

inoinle sd vii sd locuiegti in Jomoico? Sue vizitose Chino inointe

baforc she went b liva in Shonghoi?

de o veni sd locuioscd in

Hod they switched off

Ei/ele inchiseserd gozul inointe de o iegi din cosd?

lha gos before they left

in the morothon We hodn,t

Le formo inlerogotivd, ouxiliorul ,,hod" precede subiectul, cfm€t fiind de porticipiul lrecul ol verbului principol, dupd €Uffi pofi observo in schemo giin exemplele urmdloore:

esle

exemplificoi in schemq ce urmeoz6:

I

J

U

ul

I iI 5l :I

o o o

Shonghoi?

lhe irouse?

evening ?nointe de o cdnfo in seoro oceeq

You hodn't stqrted the lesson when I orrived They

hodn'l ever seen

on 6t"pnont

before lndio

they oirived in

Voi incd nu incePuserdli leqfio cdnd om sosif eu

Ei/ele nu vdzuserd niciodatd un elefonlinointe de o oiunge ?n lndio

'-l

E E

u

c I

ur

Y

z1

F

o o

z o

.a 6

u J o o F I

() = zu

cozul intrebdrilor introduse de conslrucfio esie urmdlooreo:

in

o porticuld inlerogotivd'

porticuld inlerogolivd + hud + subiect + pcrticipiu ;r;;;i-tl verbulii principol + determin-ri ulterioqre

+?

Whot hod You done before I orrived?

Where hod he sPent ihe evening before he come bock home?

6 J

U

u J U

F

3 o u u =, U F

Ce fdcusegi inoinfe de o veni eu?

Unde igi Pefrecuse

elseoro inointe de o se inloorce ocasd?

ori un Fii olent: in rdspunsurile scurle (cele co.re cer "do" de un ,,nu") se repeld iumoi ouxiiiorul "hod" precedol ci numoi subiecl. Nu se pol prescurto formele ofirmoiive' when work her n"gotiue (exemplu: Hod Anne finished lerminose I ji* ""[ goitl'"re? Yes, she hqd/No, she hodn't AnnJ lucrul cdnd o sosit Jim? DolNu)

u = U L q f

u

E 4 I F Y

NI

>l u 6

o n u J

o F

lltrclTlut EXERCITIUL

2

Perfect" o verde Completeozd propozifiile cu formo "Post bului dintre Poronteze'

T

= o

z

E

He (work)

E

t

for ten yeors when he retired'

........

............

""'

the repodwhen the boss colled'

Sue

for on hour by the time Poul finolly orrived'

(woit)

Ethe troin .......... in London on time. (leove)

€emploteozd propozifiile folosind formo de Post Perfeci.

but il orrived ' the siqtion loie

o J u u J u F

t

Whan Poul orrived ot ihe slotion the iroin ... did leove o) Et hod iust left b) El tr c) hod been left

I

.

Xr lold us thot his doughier ... the yeor before.

tr o) hod olreody groduoied

(finish)

H

o o

3

El b) groduote El c) groduotes

t

Thcy were slorving; They ... for o very long time.

El s) hod nol eolen

El b) didn't eot El c) weren't eoting

I

I didn't know who thqt mqn wos. I ... him before. E o) hoven't ever seen tr b) didn't ever seen El c) 'd never seen

Io : q

e.

u

F

z u u 4 L f,

E E

zl ut

c I

>l u

F

Y

d

z

o cr

ul J

o o F I

= o

zu

I wssn't exPecting this! SCENA

?golo (il observa pe Mike, core e cu privireo pierduld un oer tuflit.): Mike? Mickey? Hello... Anyone ihere? Mlkr: Yes? Whot's wrong? Si cu

J

U U J

u F

2

Michelle 9i Mike sunl

o o o

in

sufrogerie' Poolo cdntd la chilord'

Wne Anne.

whot you've Michelle: OK guys, let's hove o chot! Tell me been doing since we losl met' our work ond Mike: Well, Poolo onJ-l *"'" tolking obout our hopes for the fuiure'

obout something Michelle: Work, work, work"' Let's tolk love stories' o-tit rnor" inieresting"' Romonces'. possionote you got ii.i"gt fif." thot... YJu, for exomple' Anne' hove o boyfriend? to Me? Why me? I hove io go lo the kiichen

i""!'tt"ti"d):

check on the roosi.

loolo:

tllkr:

You tell me! You look os if... l'm finished, Poolo! I wosn'l expecting this! I thought...

l'm rtupidl

loolo: Whot ore you iolking obout? Whst do you meon? [$lkr: Anne! She's in love! With onother mqn! And I wos hoping lhot, you know, we could become more thon iust lood friends during this holidoy! l've never stopped thinking Ebout her! Whoi on idiot! Sorry, Poolo, I hove to be by my.tlf for o while. (Pleocd.)

o

-