Atestat Clasa A XII-A D [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

Colegiul Naţional “Coriolan Brediceanu” Lugoj

Lucrare de atestat The Loch Ness Monster

Profesor coordonator:Popovici Violeta

Candidat: Micula Octavian

2014

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Contents: 

page Rationale…………………………………………………3

Chapter One-History of sightings……………………………....4  Saint Columba  Spicers (1933)  Chief Constable William Fraser (1938)  C. B. Farrel (1943)  Sonar contact (1954) Chapter Two-Photographs and films……………………………5  Hugh Gray's Photograph (1933)  "Surgeon's Photograph" (1934) 

Taylor film (1938)

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Dinsdale film (1960)

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Holmes video (2007)

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Sonar image (2011)

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6 David Elder's video (2013)

Chapter Three-80 facts………………………………………….9 Chapter Four- Popular Culture………………………………...12  Literature  Music  Television Bibliography………………………………………………..…15 2

Rationale

The Loch Ness Monster or Nessie is a fictional character which captured my attention from an early age. Even from the first encounter I had with its myth I was completely drawn towards the possibility of Nessie’s existance. One reason why I chose this topic is the large number of its sightings. There have been over 70 witnessed identifications of the monster from the 1930’s up until today.The huge number of believers makes me think that something must be in that lake.I would be delighted to find myself at the Loch Ness Lake one day also because of the outstanding landscapes surrounding it. Another reason why I believe that The Loch Ness Monster is so interesting is the wide range of appearances in popular culture. From literature to music and television,Nessie has been mentioned everywhere. There is even a movie about its legend.Varying from rock hits to ballads and progressive metal bands,Nessie has made its entrance almost everywhere What is more,the origins of this creature impressed me to the point where the Loch Ness Lake is one of the places I would enjoy visiting at any time of the year. The lake and its surroundings with masmerising sceneries could sway any tourist into becoming a believer of the legend too. In addition, the scientific facts presented by researchers convinced me that there is a possibility for the monster to exist. Not only would the subsistence of the giant delight me but it would also shed a light on one of the misteries I have wondered about for most of my childhood In conclusion, The Loch Ness Monster is one of the best myths there has ever been presented to the Humanity and more people should be aware of the possibility of he truth that lies beneath the fiction.

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Chapter I History of sightings 1.1 Saint Columba (6th century): The earliest report of a monster associated with the vicinity of Loch Ness appears in the Life of St. Columba by Adomnán, written in the 7th century. According to Adomnán, writing about a century after the events he described, the Irish monk Saint Columba was staying in the land of the Picts with his companions when he came across the locals burying a man by the River Ness. They explained that the man had been swimming the river when he was attacked by a "water beast" that had mauled him and dragged him under. They tried to rescue him in a boat, but were able only to drag up his corpse. Hearing this, Columba stunned the Picts by sending his follower Luigne moccu Min to swim across the river. The beast came after him, but Columba made the sign of the Cross and commanded: "Go no further. Do not touch the man. Go back at once." The beast immediately halted as if it had been "pulled back with ropes" and fled in terror, and both Columba's men and the pagan Picts praised God for the miracle 1.2 Spicers (1933) Modern interest in the monster was sparked by a sighting on 22 July 1933, when George Spicer and his wife saw a most extraordinary form of animal cross the road in front of their car. They described the creature as having a large body (about 1.2 metres (3 ft 11 in) high and 7.6 metres (25 ft) long), and long, narrow neck, slightly thicker than an elephant's trunk and as long as the 10–12-foot (3–4 m) width of the road; the neck had undulations in it. They saw no limbs, possibly because of a dip in the road obscuring the animal's lower portion. It lurched across the road towards the loch 20 yards (20 m) away, leaving only a trail of broken undergrowth in its wake. 1.3 Chief Constable William Fraser (1938) In 1938, Inverness-shire Chief Constable William Fraser wrote a letter stating that it was beyond doubt the monster existed. His letter expressed concern regarding a hunting party that had arrived armed with a specially-made harpoon gun and were determined to catch the monster "dead or alive". He believed his power to protect the monster from the hunters was "very doubtful". The letter was released by the National Archives of Scotland on 27 April 2010. 1.4 C. B. Farrel (1943) In May 1943, C. B. Farrel of the Royal Observer Corps was supposedly distracted from his duties by a Nessie sighting. He claimed to have been about 230 metres (750 ft) away from a large-eyed, 'finned' creature, which had a 6-to-9-metre (20 to 30 ft) long body, and a neck that protruded about 1.2–1.5 metres (3 ft 11 in–4 ft 11 in) out of the water. 4

1.5 Sonar contact (1954) In December 1954 a strange sonar contact was made by the fishing boat Rival III. The vessel's crew observed sonar readings of a large object keeping pace with the boat at a depth of 146 metres (479 ft). It was detected travelling for 800 m (2,600 ft) in this manner, before contact was lost, but then found again later.Many sonar attempts had been made previously, but most were either inconclusive or negative.

Chapter II Photographs and films

2.1 Hugh Gray's Photograph (1933): On 12 November 1933, Hugh Gray was walking along the loch after church when he spotted a substantial commotion in the water. A large creature rose up from the lake. Gray took several pictures of it, but only one of them showed up after they were developed. This image appeared to show a creature with a long tail and thick body at the surface of the loch. The image is blurred suggesting the animal was splashing. Four stumpy-looking objects on the bottom of the creature's body might possibly be a pair of appendages, such as flippers. Although critics have claimed that the photograph is of a dog swimming towards the camera (possibly carrying a stick), researcher Roland Watson rejects this interpretation and suggests there is an eel-like head on the right side of the image.

This picture is the first known image allegedly taken of the Loch Ness Monster.

2.2 "Surgeon's Photograph" (1934) The "Surgeon's Photograph" purported to be the first photo of a "head and neck". Dr. Wilson claimed he was looking at the loch when he saw the monster, so grabbed his camera and snapped five photos. After the film was developed, only two exposures were clear. The first photo (the more publicised one) shows what was claimed to be a small head and back. The second one, a blurry image, attracted little publicity because it was difficult to interpret what was depicted. The image was revealed as a fake in The Sunday Telegraph dated 7 December 1975. Wilson's refusal to have his name associated with the photograph led to it being called "Surgeon's Photograph". The strangely small ripples on the 5

photo fit the size and circular pattern of small ripples as opposed to large waves when photographed up close. Analysis of the original uncropped image fostered further doubt. In 1993, the makers of Discovery Communications's documentary Loch Ness Discovered analysed the uncropped image and found a white object was visible in every version of the photo, implying it was on the negative.

2.3Taylor film (1938)In 1938, G. E. Taylor, a South African tourist, filmed something in the loch for three minutes on 16 mm colour film, which was in the possession of Maurice Burton. Burton refused to show the film to Loch Ness investigators (such as Peter Costello or the Loch Ness Investigation Bureau). A single frame was published in his book The Elusive Monster; before he retired. Roy P. Mackal, a biologist and cryptozoologist, declared the frame was "positive evidence".Later, it was shown also to the National Institute of Oceanography, now known as the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton.

2.3 Dinsdale film (1960)In 1960, aeronautical engineer Tim Dinsdale filmed a hump crossing the water leaving a powerful wake. Dinsdale allegedly spotted the animal on his last day hunting for it, and described the object as reddish with a blotch on its side. When he mounted his camera the 6

object started to move and said that he shot 40 feet of film. JARIC declared that the object was "probably animate". Others were sceptical, saying that the "hump" cannot be ruled out as being a boat, and claimed that when the contrast is increased a man can be seen in a boat. In 1993 Discovery Communications made a documentary called Loch Ness Discovered that featured a shadow in the negative that was not very obvious in the positive.

. 2.4 Holmes video (2007):On 26 May 2007, Gordon Holmes, a 55-year-old lab technician, captured video of what he said was "this jet black thing, about 14 metres (46 ft) long, moving fairly fast in the water." Adrian Shine, a marine biologist at the Loch Ness 2000 centre in Drumnadrochit, described the footage as among "the best footage [he has] ever seen." BBC Scotland broadcast the video on 29 May 2007. STV News' North Tonight aired the footage on 28 May 2007 and interviewed Holmes. In this feature, Adrian Shine of the Loch Ness Centre was also interviewed and suggested that the footage showed an otter, seal or water bird.

2.5 Sonar image (2011)On 24 August 2011, Marcus Atkinson, a local Loch Ness boat skipper, photographed a sonar image of a long 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) wide unidentified object which was apparently following his boat for two minutes at a depth of 23 m (75 ft). Atkinson ruled out the possibility of any small fish or seal being what he believed to be the Loch Ness Monster. In April 2012, a scientist from the National Oceanography Centre said that this image is a 7

bloom of algae and zooplankton. However, Roland Watson, a cryptozoologist and Loch Ness Monster researcher, has criticised this analysis, stating that the object in the image is very unlikely to be a bloom of algae and zooplankton, since algae needs sunlight to grow, and the waters of Loch Ness are very dark, and nearly devoid of sunlight, 23 m (75 ft) down.

2.6 David Elder's video (2013)On 27 August 2013, tourist David Elder presented a fiveminute video of a "mysterious wave" in the loch. He believed that the wave was being produced by a 4.5 m (15 ft) "solid black object" just under the surface of the water.Elder, aged 50, of East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, was taking a picture of a swan at the pierhead of Fort Augustus, at the south-west end of the loch,when he captured the movement.He added that "The water was very still at the time and there were no ripples coming off the wave and no other activity on the water."Sceptics suggested that the wave may have been the result of a gust of wind.

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Chapter Three 80 Facts 1) The Loch Ness Monster is known by the nickname “Nessie”. 2) She was first spotted in 565AD by St Columba as he took a swim in Loch Ness. 3) She lives in the Loch Ness lake in the Scottish highlands. 4) Loch Ness is the largest body of fresh water in Britain. 5) The surface area of the Loch Ness lake could hold the population of the world 10 times over. 6) The Loch never freezes. 7) The Loch Ness Monster became famous after the April 1933 sighting. 8) The story of Nessie first appeared in the paper 2nd May 1933. 9) First photographic evidence was also taken of Nessie in 1933. 10) A circus owner promised a sum of £20,000 to anyone who could bring the Monster to his circus alive. 11) In 1933, the Daily Mail reported that Madmaduke Wetherall found footprints on the shore of the loch after they sent him to look for Nessie. The British Museum of Natural History later discovered the prints had been made with a stuffed hippopotamus foot. 12) The most famous photo of the Monster is of her head and neck, taken in 1934. 13) The photo was later discovered as a hoax and became known as The Surgeon’s photo as the photographer refused to be associated with the image. 14) Residents around the loch created an old wives tale to keep their children away from the lake. They said that a beast lived in the loch who transformed into a horse when it was hungry and waited for a traveller to climb on its back. It would then gallop into the loch and eat its victim. 15) The first big organised search for the Monster was in 1934. 16) 20 men were paid £2 a day to be Monster watchers but nothing was found. 17) Its largest hump is estimated at around 50ft long by comparing it to the height of the tower at Urquhart Castle in a 1955 photo. 18) A recording of a dark object heading towards Fort Augustus in 1960 is “classed as the greatest piece of evidence for the Loch Ness monster”. 19) An autogyro - a type of rotorcraft - used to look for the Monster was also used in the James Bond film You Only Live Twice. 20) Some believe the Loch Ness Monster is a plesiosaur, a type of dinosaur. 21) Scientists believe if they knew what and how she ate, there would be a better chance of finding 9

her. 22) The 1987 Operation Deepscan was the largest search for the Monster to date costing around £1million. The only information gathered was 3 sonar contacts “larger than a shark but smaller than a whale”. 23) There have been more than 1,000 recorded sightings of Nessie. 24) There are four “Nessie Hunters” who have dedicated their lives looking for the Monster. 25) Celebrities Gavin Maxwell and Compton Mackenzie have reported sightings. 26) Some argue Nessie can’t be a mammal because she’d have to come up more often for air and would have been seen by many more people. 27) Nessie is possibly the most famous cryptid (a creature whose existence has been suggested but not yet proven) in the world. 28) In 1959, Italian journalist Francesco Gasprini claimed he invented Nessie. He said he read a story about two Scottish fishermen finding a weird fish and exaggerated it into a monster and added some eye-witness accounts, drawings and photographs. 29) The last sighting of Nessie was on November 2, 2011. 30) Nessie is said to have two humps, four flippers, a tail and a snake-like head. 31) Margaret Thatcher considered making the Loch Ness Monster a protected species in the 1980s. 32) The Thatcher government also considered a search for Nessie using dolphins imported from America. 33) The Loch Ness Monster was declared the most famous Scot in a 2006 survey. 34) Alex Campbell reportedly spotted the Monster 16 times. 35) There is a 5-star Loch Ness Centre and Exhibition in Loch Ness. 36) The Monster has inspired the films Loch Ness, 1996 and The Water Horse, 2007. 37) In April 2008 David Garside and dad Graham were videoing their holiday boat trip on the loch when they spotted something in the water and zoomed in. 38) The water underneath the top 100 metres of Loch Ness never alters from 44 degrees Fahrenheit. 39) An average of 20 sightings are reported every year. 40) In 2009, a man claimed he saw the Loch Ness Monster on Google Earth. 41) The BBC sponsored a search for Nessie in 2003 but no animals were found at all. 42) Scientists involved in the BBC expedition after ruled the Loch Ness Monster a myth. 43) Bookmaker William Hill has paid the Natural History Museum £1,000 a year to prove Nessie’s identity if the monster is ever found. 44) 100 athletes performing in a Scottish triathlon were each insured £1 million against bites from the Loch Ness Monster in 2005. 45) The club chairman of the official Loch Ness Monster Fan Club said that “she'd (Nessie) beat everyone” if she wanted to get involved in the race. 46) There are 106,000 results on YouTube for the Loch Ness Monster. 47) Nessie inspired the film Scooby-Doo! and the Loch Ness Monster. 48) In 1970, a series of Dr Who was set in Loch Ness. 49) Toyota, Abercrombie & Fitch, Orange, Vodaphone, Ballygown Spring Water and Kit Kat have used the loch in their adverts. 50) Neil Clark, curator of palaeontology at Glasgow University's Hunterian Museum, suggested sightings may have been of elephants swimming. 51) The author of Monster, Nicholas Witchell, is one of the BBC’s top news journalists. 52) There is a board game called The Nessie Hunt.

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53) The Loch Ness Monster isn’t the only creature said to inhabit Scottish waters. 54) Scientist Adrian Shine has been looking for Nessie for more than 25 years. 55) Around 1 million people visit Loch Ness each year and create about £25million in the economy. 56) It is estimated more than 85% of them are drawn in by the Monster. 57) A 'monster body' was found in 1972 but turned out to be a dead elephant seal. 58) BBC aired a cartoon series called Family Ness about a family of Scottish monsters. 59) Werner Herzog wrote and produced a mockumentary film, Incident at Loch Ness in 2004. 60) There are rumours the Loch Ness Monster could be a seal or an overgrown eel. 61) George Edwards claimed to take the "best picture ever” of Nessie in 2012 after looking for her for 26 years. 62) In 1976, a group of people threw bacon into the Loch in hope of finding her. 63) The Loch Ness is 754ft deep. 64) Canadian band the Real McKenzie’s released a single in 2001 called Nessie which protests the capture and search for Nessie. 65) Lagarfljótsormurinn is believed to be Iceland's version of the Loch Ness Monster. 66) Dr Rines, who helped find the Titanic, spent 37 years trying to find Nessie before he died in 2009. 67) A Buddhist monk moved to Loch Ness in 2012 to look for the Monster. 68) She was given the scientific nickname Nessiteras rhombopteryx in 1975. 69) Although the Monster is "the most iconic mystery creature", it is the one with the least amount of evidence of its existence. 70) The loch is 22.5 miles long and between 1 and 1.5 miles wide. 71) Tim Dinsdale left his career in aeronautical engineering to search for Nessie. 72) An Italian geologist claims that there is no monster and that it’s just bubbles and splashes caused by earthquakes under the lake. 73) Locals are willing to rewards serious Nessie hunters with an online diploma. 74) A police man wrote to the government in 1930 asking for protection of Nessie from a group of 20 men hunting the monster down. 75) 1st April 1972, papers around the world announced Nessie had been found dead. It was part of an Aprils Fools organised by John Shields, Flamingo Park’s education officer, who planted a dead bull elephant seal in the Loch. 76) William Hill and The Official Loch Ness Monster Fan Club set up a competition offering a £1000 prize each year for “the best Nessie sighting of the year”. 77) The Loch is only around 750ft deep but coastguard George Edwards got a reading of 812ft which has been dubbed Nessie’s Lair. 78) A North sea oil company offered him equipment and experts to help seek it out. 79) Nessie is a Scottish name meaning 'pure'. 80) American hunter Bob Rines suggested that climate change in the Highlands killed the monster 11

Chapter Four Popular culture The Loch Ness Monster is well known throughout Scotland and the rest of the world and has entered into popular culture. 4.1Literature

Author(s)

Book\piece of writing "The Convenient Monster"

Leslie Charteris

"The Loch Ness Monster's Song"

Edwin Morgan

"The Horses of Lir"

Roger Zelazny

“The Boggart and the Monster”

Susan Cooper

“Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find J.K. Rowling Them” “The Loch”

Steve Alten

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“Peter and the Starcatchers”

Dave Barry and Ridley Pearson

“Destiny Kills”

Keri Arthur

“The Cryptid Files: Loch Ness”

Jean Flitcroft

“39 clues”

Rick Riordan

“Outlander time travel series”

Diana Gabaldon

“The Water Horse”

Dick King-Smith

4.2Music  The Sensational Alex Harvey Band wrote a song based on the Loch Ness Monster called "Water Beastie", which can be heard on their 1978 album Rock Drill. The previous year frontman Alex Harvey recorded and released a spoken-word album, Alex Harvey Presents: The Loch Ness Monster, after spending a summer at Invermoriston and interviewing locals about the Monster. "Synchronicity II" by The Police from their 1983 album Synchronicity, recounts the everdeepening frustrations of a suburbanite middle-manager as, unbeknownst to him, "many miles away" the Loch Ness Monster encroaches ominously on a lakeside cottage. 

In Spitting Image's 1986 song "I've Never Met a Nice South African", the narrator claims that he has "met the Loch Ness Monster, and he looks like Fred Astaire". 

Lo-fi rock band Some Velvet Sidewalk included a song titled "Loch Ness" detailing the exploits of the lake's mythical monster on their 1992 album "Avalanche". An alternate version of the song was featured on the 1991 compilation album "Kill Rock Stars". 

Composer Guto Puw wrote a piece for SATB choir in 1998 called "The Loch Ness Monster's Song". 

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The Real McKenzies' 2001 album Loch'd and Loaded features a song titled "Nessie," which protests the capture and search for Nessie. 

American progressive metal band Mastodon have a song titled "Ol'e Nessie", named after the Loch Ness Monster, on their 2002 album Remission. 

The Judas Priest song "Lochness" from their 2005 album Angel of Retribution is about the Loch Ness Monster. 

The music video for the Reggie and the Full Effect song "Get Well Soon" from their 2005 album Songs Not to Get Married To chronicles the Loch Ness Monster struggling with a divorce, mirroring the album's themes. 

The music video,for the song "Monster" by the band The Automatic, features some clips of the Loch Ness Monster. 

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The radio comedy duo Hudson & Landry performed a skit where Landry interviews a German man named Wolfgang Lauderbach who claims, among other things, that he feeds the Loch Ness monster, the Monster looks like actor Tab Hunter, that he was originally German and brought to Scotland by Rudolf Hess, and that his wife is constantly cheating on him with famous baseball players. 

The Dutch band Pater Moeskroen have a song titled Nessie, which is about the life of the monster. 

4.3 Television       

A 1956 episode of Soldiers of Fortune "The Monster of Loch MacGora" Courage The Cowardly Dog's episode where Muriel and Eustage travel around Loch Ness The 1964 Gerry Anderson puppet television series, Stingray In the 1971 Goodies episode Scotland In the 1971 Bewitched episode "Samantha and the Loch Ness Monster" In the 1975 Doctor Who story Terror of the Zygons The BBC television series The Family-Ness

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The anime series Sherlock Hound episode "The Adventure of Three Students" An animated series, Happy Ness: Secret of the Loch In the Aaahh!!! Real Monsters episode "The Loch Ness Mess" In the first episode of The Troop In the eleventh episode of the seventh season of Thomas & Friends Nessie: Real or Pretend? In the TV series How I Met Your Mother The TV series The Simpsons in the episode Monty Can't Buy Me Love In the TV series South Parkin the episode "The Succubus" In the TV-series Godzilla In the series of Dinosaur King On an Episode of The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron In an episode of Disney's Gargoyles titled "Monsters" One episode of Phineas and Ferb show the brothers visiting a place called "Lake Nose" In the Futurama episode, "Spanish Fry" In a Toyota commercial An 1978 episode of Scooby-Doo ("A Highland Fling With a Monstrous Thing")

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Bibliography 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Ness_Monster_in_popular_culture 2. http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/weird-news/loch-ness-monster-80-facts1826765 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Ness_Monster 4. http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loch_Ness 5. http://www.cracked.com/funny-1016-the-loch-ness-monster/ 6. http://www.nessie.co.uk/view.html 7. http://www.nessie.co.uk 8. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0113682/ 9. http://www.ancient-mythology.com/celtic/scottish/loch-ness.php

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