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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Acceptability of Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi Peels into Alternative Perfume

A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Class Sacred Heart Academy, Inc. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research II

Meca Elaine M. Cabila Dianne Marie P. Mediana Marianne Cielo M. Precioso Nathalia M. Zamora

March 2021

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Table of Contents

TITLE PAGE

PAGE

TABLE OF CONTENTS ii

LIST OF TABLES iv

LIST OF FIGURES

v 1

CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

1

Statement of the Problem 2

Hypothesis 3

the Study

Conceptual Framework 4

Significance of the Study

5

Scope and Limitation of

6

Conceptual and

Operational of Terms

Definition 7

RELATED LITERATURE 3

2

REVIEW OF

9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Reseach Design Sources of Data

18 ii

17

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Data Gathering Instrument

19

Data Gathering Procedure

20

Precautionary Measure

27

Data Processing Technique

28

iii

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo List of Tables Table 1

PAGE Materials that were used in the Study

21

and their cost 2

Comparing the prices of commercial

22

Perfume and Perfume made from Lemongrass extract and Calamansi Peels 3

Equipment that was borrowed from

22

Home and School 4

Equipment/Tools and their Uses

iv

24

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo List of Figures

Figure

PAGE

1

Paradigm of the Study

4

2

Procedure of the Study

26

v

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo CHAPTER 1 Introduction

Background of the Study Philippines

belongs

to

a

tropical

country.

The

air

is

humid

especially during summer season which causes some people to have an unpleasant

odor. With

this,

fragrance

plays

a

huge

role

in

this

situation. Having a pleasant scent makes us more attractive and it can boost our self-confidence. The emotional response to a smell varies widely from person to person based on his or her personal experience (Bergland, 2016). In order for the person to smell good, most of them use fragrance mist like perfumes, colognes and body sprays. However, these different mists are not always available for all people because of

the

cost.

Aside

from

being

expensive,

it

contains

artificial

formulas or chemicals that may harm the environment or even the health of a person using. Hence, the researchers come up an idea of producing an organic and

affordable

perfume

with

the

use

of

lemongrass

extract

and

calamansi peels, with same soothing scent with the commercial one but environmentally friendly.

1

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Statement of the Problem The main purpose of this study is to determine the acceptability of

Lemongrass

extract

(Cymbopogon

citratus)

and

Calamansi

peels

(Citrus Madurensis) as an alternative perfume. Objectives Specifically,

the

researches

aims

to

find

answers

to

these

specific questions: 1. What is the most acceptable treatment of Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi

Peels

as

an

alternative

perfume

as

to

its

aroma

and

duration: a. 75% Lemongrass Extract and 25% Calamansi Peels b. 50% Lemongrass Extract and 50% Calamansi Peels c. 25% Lemongrass Extract and 75% Calamansi Peels d. Commercial Product 2. Is there a significant difference in the aroma and duration of the alternative perfume made from Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi Peels and the commercial perfumes?

2

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Hypothesis There is no significant difference in the aroma and duration of the alternative perfume made from Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels and commercial perfume.

Theoretical Framework This study is anchored on the Product Development Theory. Product development also called the new product development is a series of steps

that

includes

the

conceptualization,

design,

development

marketing of newly created or newly rebranded goods or services. The objectives of Product Development Theory are to cultivate, maintain and increase a company's market share by satisfying consumers demand. (Rouse, 2016) In

this

study,

Product

Development

Theory

is

applied

as

the

researchers attempted to create a new product using Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels as an alternative perfume.

3

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Conceptual Framework: Independent Variable

Dependent Variable Level of acceptability of Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels as to it:

a. 75% Lemongrass extract and 25% Calamansi peels b. 50% Lemongrass extract and 50 Calamansi peels c. 25% Lemongrass extract and 75% Calamansi Peels d. Commercial Perfume

a. Aroma b. Duration

Figure 1. The Paradigm of the Study The Paradigm of the Study, as shown in Figure 1 the dependent variable were divided into five treatments: A. 75% Lemongrass extract and 25% Calamansi peels B. 50% Lemongrass extract and 50% Calamansi peels C. 25% Lemongrass extract and 75% Calamansi peels. The dependent variable

is

the

level

of

acceptability

of

Calamansi peels as to its aroma and duration.

4

Lemongrass

extract

and

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Significance of the Study The result of this study will benefit the following: a.

Environment.

This

study

helps

minimize

the

waste

in

the

environment by making use of the said abandoned Calamansi peels as an alternative constituent in making a fragrant substance. b. Parents. This study provides the awareness to the parents of the benefits from Calamansi peels. They can also gain the idea of new livelihood. c. Manufacturers. This study can help the companies use this ideas and help them develop new products which is yet more affordable and serves as an alternative. d.

Consumers.

This

study

can

help

create

a

newly

developed,

planet-friendly perfume. e. Future researchers. This study can serve as a motivation and reference

in

the

same

field,

especially

substance.

5

in

developing

a

fragrant

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Scope and Limitations This study will be only limited to Lemongrass Extract (Cymbopogon Citratus)

and

Calamansi

Peels

(Citrus

Madurensis)

process

into

an

organic perfume. This will be conducted to know the Acceptability of the

Lemongrass

(Citrus

Extract

Madurensis)

as

(Cymbopogon an

Citratus)

alternative

and

perfume.

Calamansi Other

Peels

harmful

substances or chemicals are not included in the study. This study will be conducted on April 2021 at the Home Economics Building of Sacred Heart Academy Inc. Zarraga, Iloilo.

6

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Conceptual and Operational Definition of Terms For the purpose of clarity and understanding the following terms are defined conceptually and operationally Acceptability

–

the

quality

of

being

satisfactory

and

able

to

be

agreed to or approved of (Cambridge Dictionary). In this study, acceptability refers to the Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi Peels as a fragrant substance. Alternative - a proposition or situation offering a choice between two or more things only one of which may be chosen. (Merriam Webster) In this study, it refers to the Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels to make an alternative perfume. Aroma – a distinctive, typically pleasant smell. (Oxford Dictionary) In

this study,

aroma is

used to

determine the

smell of

the

perfume. Calamansi - a small hybrid citrus plant which bears fragrant white flowers followed by small round fruit, native to the Philippines and grown as a houseplant. (Oxford Dictionary) In this study, it refers to the Calamansi that the researchers will be using to make a perfume.

7

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Duration – the time during which something exists or lasts (Merriam Webster) In this study, duration is used to determine the span of the aroma of the perfume. Lemongrass - a fragrant tropical grass which yield an oil that smells lemon.

It

is

widely

used

in

Asian

cooking

and

in

perfumery

and

medicine. (Oxford Dictionary) In this study, it refers to the Lemongrass that the researchers will be mixed with Calamansi peels in making perfume. Perfume-

a

fragrant

liquid

typically

made

from

essential

oils

extracted from flowers and spices, used to impart a pleasant smell to one's body or clothes. (Oxford Dictionary) In these study, perfume refers to the product of this study

8

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Related Legal Basis REPUBLIC ACT. NO 9003 or the (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000) RA 9003 declares the policy of the state in adopting a systematic, comprehensive

and

ecological

solid

waste

management

program

that

ensures the protection of public health and the environment and the proper

segregation,

collection,

transport,

storage,

treatment

and

disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of best environmental practices. (Aquino et. Al, 2013) The forgoing legal basis will employ since the researchers wanted to help in minimizing ecological solid waste emitted by the creation of the commercial perfume by making an alternative organic perfume from Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels which are environmentally friendly.

9

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

REPUBLIC ACT. NO 8749 (Clean Air Act of the Philippines) Section 11: Air Quality Control Techniques supports as the legal basis of the study. It states that the development program contained in this act and upon the consultation with appropriate advisory committees, government agencies, and Local Government Units shall issue and revise information on air pollution control techniques which includes:

Best available technology and alternative methods of prevention, management and control for air pollution.

Best available technology and economically achievable which shall refer to the technological basis for emission limits applicable to existing,

direct

industrial

emitters

at

non-conventional

and

toxic

pollutants (Corpus Juris, 2019)

The forgoing legal basis will employ since the researchers wanted to

help

in

commercial

minimizing perfume

by

air

pollution

making

an

emitted

alternative

by

the

organic

creation perfume

from

Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels which is not harmful to air.

10

of

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

10

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Related Literature Perfume Perfumes and deodorants are popular today because not only do they help fight body odor, but also boost your morale (Ameya C, 2019). Fragrances and flavors are well known for their ability to tap into primordial feeling and instincts, so marketers continue to search for new ways to tap into and initiate powerful influence. Its no wonder why fragrances and flavors remain as relevant today as ever; as do some of their formulation challenges. As a search of the latest fragrance research literature reveals,

the

industry

remains

focused

on

improving

fragrance

duration/release, as well as finding label-friendly natural materials. Interestingly, applications,

however, flavour

with

and

the

advent

fragrance

of

preference

genetic profiling

research is

now

possible. Following is a review of these recent literature findings. (Rachel Grabenhofer, 2018)

Calamansi Calamansi Essential Oil has the capacity to help deodorize any bad odor. It eliminates the unwanted odors by overpowering other scent molecules in the air since the human nose is a lot more sensitive and appreciative

to

citrus

smells.

Making

a

linen

spray

of

Calamansi

Essential Oil will definitely keep your room or any area of your house smelling fresh and wonderful.

11

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Smelling Calamansi Essential Oil can affect behavior. Studies gave

indications

that

Calamansi

Essential

Oil

have

anti-anxiety

effects. Just by smelling it, one can feel relaxed and refreshed, some even feeling a tingling effect while smelling. Also, Calamansi Essential Oil has antimicrobial properties. It is not only astringent, but it can inhibit the growth of bacteria. Adding it on the stuff that you use when cleaning the sink or your bathroom not only deodorizes, but helps eliminate bad bacteria present in those surfaces. (Casa de Lorenzo,2013) According to Department of Agriculture- Agriculture and Fisheries Market

Information

System,

the

Calamansi

(Citrus

Madurencis)

is

considered as one of the major fruit crops in the Philippines, which is indigenous to the country. This plant is characterized by wing-like appendages on the leaf stalks and white or purplish flowers. Its fruit has either a spongy or leathery rind with a juicy pulp that is divided into sections. Its trees have an average life span of five years. The peak season of calamansi is during the months of June to October and lean months from November to May. Lemongrass Lemongrass may be a common component of Asian cuisine, its smoky citrus aroma adding satisfying fragrance to a variety of Indian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Chinese dishes. But it’s also highly prized as an essential oil.

12

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo It is also used for centuries to purify the skin, eliminate odorcausing bacteria, and promote digestive health when taken orally. The essential oil of lemongrass, which is extracted from the leaves and stalks of the plant, is commonly used in aromatherapy. (FRAGRANCE FACTS: THE USES OF LEMONGRASS OIL, 2017) In addition, the oil has a wonderful, invigorating citrus scent. This is why you may have seen lemongrass body lotions, soaps, candles and other home and body products. You can use the oil for massage, topical applications and inhalation. Reportedly, lemongrass essential oil is “...becoming a popular tool in aromatherapy to help relieve stress, anxiety, and depression.” (Stephenson- Laws, 2017) Lemongrass is a tropical perennial plant that yields aromatic oil. The name lemongrass is derived from the typical lemon-like odour of the essential oil present in the shoot. The lemongrass oil of commerce is popularly known as Cochin oil in world trade, since 90% of it is shipped from Cochin port. The state of Kerala in India had the monopoly in the production and export of lemongrass oil. The annual world production of lemongrass oil is around 1000 t from an area of 16,000 ha. In India it is cultivated in about 4000 ha and the annual production is around 250 t. The crop is extensively cultivated in the poor, marginal and waste lands and also along the bunds as live mulch. The well ramified root system of the plant helps in soil and water conservation. (Skaria et. Al, 2016)

13

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Related Studies In the study conducted by Tiago Costa Goes, Fábio Reis Carvalho Ursulino,

Thiago

Henrique

Almeida-Souza,

Péricles

Barreto

Alves,

Flavia Teixeira-Silva, 2015 entitled “Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans”. The objective of this study was to evaluate

the

citratus)

potential

aroma

situation.

in

Forty

anxiolytic

healthy

male

effect

volunteers

volunteers

were

of

lemongrass

submitted allocated

to to

(Cymbopogon

an

anxiogenic

four

different

groups for the inhalation of lemongrass essential oil (test aroma: three or six drops), tea tree essential oil (control aroma: three drops), or distilled water (nonaromatic control: three drops). The result showed that immediately after inhalation, each volunteer was submitted to an experimental model of anxiety, the video-monitored version of the Stroop Color-World Test (SCWT).Psychologic parameters (state anxiety, subjective tension, tranquilization, and sedation) and psychologic parameters (heart rate and gastrocnemius electromyogram activity)

were

evaluated

before

the

inhalation

period

and

before,

during, and after the Stroop Color-World Test (SCWT).The result showed that immediately after inhalation, each volunteer was submitted to an experimental

model

of

anxiety,

the

video-monitored

version

of

the

Stroop Color-World Test (SCWT).Individuals exposed to the test aroma (three

and

six

drops),

unlike

the

control

groups,

presented

a

reduction in state anxiety and subjective tension, immediately after treatment administration.

14

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Although clinical

more

relevance

investigations

are

of

essential

lemongrass

necessary oil

to as

clarify an

the

anxiety

treatment, this work shows that very brief exposure to this aroma has some perceived anxiolytic effects. The above mentioned study is related to the present study because the researcher wanted to determine the acceptability of lemongrass extract in terms of aroma. According to Marag, Berde, and Jadhav, 2019 entitled “Extraction of

Lemongrass

Oil

and

Formation

of

Perfume”,

essential

oils’

or

volatile oils, are found in many different plants. These oils are different

from

fatty

oils

because

they

evaporate

or

volatize

on

contact with the air and they possess a pleasant taste and strong aromatic odour. The main objective of this research is to extract essential

oil

and

formulate

perfume

Citratus).

15

from

lemongrass

(Cymbopogon

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo The research focuses on the production of perfumes from natural, plant sources as against synthetic chemicals and to study the various parameter such as time, size that affect the quality of lemongrass oil. The result showed that the quality and quantity of oil essential mainly

depends

extraction

on

the

procedure

is

extraction

procedures.

considered

as

a

Therefore,

vital

process.

optimizing From

the

analysis we come to know that the higher the time given for extraction greater is the amount of oil obtained. Continuing the process above 96 hours. Will cost the losses in solvent as cold solvent get evaporated after certain time. Among the experiments performed for the different conditions of raw

material,

the

conditions

for

the

maximum

yield

and

the

cost

effectiveness of the essential oil produced was proved to be the size of the lemongrass leaves should be the range of 0.5-1.0 cm. and the time 96 hours. Which is maximum time given for the extraction process. It is seen that the minimum size and maximum time is giving highest yield.

Adding

fixatives

to

perfume

improves

the

longevity

of

the

perfume. The perfume which have formulated from lemongrass has nice and pleasing smell. The study mentioned is related to the present study because the researcher wanted to determine the acceptability of lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels as an alternative perfume in terms of smell or aroma and the longevity of the perfume or its duration.

16

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Chapter 3 Research Methodology

Research Design The purpose of this study is to determine if the Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels can be made into an alternative perfume. The research design that will be using in this study is experimental design. According to McLeod, S. (2007), experimental design

is

to

divide

the

participants

into

two

groups,

the

experimental group and the control group, and then introduce a change to the experimental group and not the control group. The specific experimental design is the two-group design. This design involves two comparable groups employed as control and experimental groups.

17

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Sources Of Data Lemongrass extract and calamansi peels which are the main ingredients of this study are utilized as alternative perfume. The researcher conducted a try-out experiment, to find out if the lemongrass extract and calamansi peels are acceptable in making an alternative perfume. The lemongrass extract was taken from Precioso’s

Residence,

Landheights

Ville,

Tagbak,

Ilolo.

The

calamnsi peels were taken from Plana’s Residence, Brgy. Jalaud Sur, Zarrraga, Iloilo. The finished product will soon be evaluated by respondents as given. The respondents are thirty – eight faculty of Sacred Heart Academy using the Sensory Evaluation Sheet. The respondents will

be

selected

using

simple

random

sampling.

In

order

to

determine the respondents, the researchers will be using the formula of slovin as follows:

n=

N 1+ Ne2

Where n= a sample size e= desired margin of error (5%) N= population size

18

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo After the respondents rated the product, the researchers will gather the data to be tallied, tabulated and analyzed. Data Gathering Instrument Alternative perfume has qualities evaluated using the Rating Scale, specifically the Hedonic Scale. Hedonic Scale refers to the type of numerical scale used in the study that describes the evaluators’

judgement

on

the

quality

of

the

given

(Calmorin, M. & Calmorin, L., 2007)

The first standard is Aroma. It will be rated as: 3 Good 2 Fair 1 Poor The second standard is Duration. It will be rated as: 3 Good 2 Fair 1 Poor

19

sample.

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Data Gathering Procedure The researchers will be gathering information in order to determine if lemongrass extract and calamansi peels can be used in

making

alternative

perfume.

The

materials

needed

are

identified and listed before the experiment proper. Likewise, the detailed

procedure

in

conducting

he

experiment

proper

was

followed in order to attain the purpose of the study. The finished product will be evaluated and rated by the respondents the acceptability of the alternative perfume product in terms of aroma and duration.

20

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Phase 1. Preparation Of Materials, Tools, Utensils and Equipment The researchers gather, label, and place all the materials tools and equipment on the table. These were materials needed in making alternative perfume with their respective cost. Quantity 1 Bottle

Item Oil-Base Lemongrass

Unit Cost Php 150.00

Total Cost Php 150.00

1 1/2 Kilo

extract Calamansi

Php 2.50

Php 25.00

*

*

Php 15.00

Php 45.00

2 Kilo 3 Bottles (100 mL) 4 Pairs 4 Pieces

Peels Empty Perfume Bottle Gloves Face Mask

Php 15.00 Php 60.00 Php 5.00 Php 20.00 Total Cost Php 300.00 Table 1. Materials To Be Used In The Study And Their Cost

21

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Table 2.Comparing the prices of commercial Perfume and Perfume made from Lemongrass extract and Calamansi Peels Quantity 1 Bottle

Item Lemongrass

(100 mL)

Extract and

Unit Cost *

Total Cost *

Php 75.00

Php 75.00

Calamansi 1 Bottle

Peels Perfume Commercial

(70 mL)

Perfume

Table 3. Equipment/Tools Borrowed From Home And School Quantity

Description

1

Food Processor

2

Cheese Cloth

1

Empty Container

3

Empty Perfume Bottle

1

Measuring Cups

22

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo 1

Pot

1

Stirring rod

1

Stove

23

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Table 4. Equipment/Tools And Its Use Tools/ equipment Calamansi peels

Uses It will be used as one of the variables in conducting the research.

Cheese cloth

It will be used to separate the lemongrass

Empty container

leaves that form the extract It will be used to store the lemon grass

Empty perfume

extract It will be used to store the perfume

bottle Face mask

It will be used to cover the mouth and nose in order to avoid inhalation of undesirable

Food Processor

microorganism during the experiment It will be used to blend the lemongrass to make

Gloves Lemongrass extract

the extract. It will be used to cover the hands It will used as one of the variables in

Measuring cup

conducting the experiment It will be used to measure the ingredients before mixing

24

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Oil-base

It will be used as the base ingredient for the

Pot Stove

perfume It will be used to boil the mixture It will be used to cook the mixture

Phase 2. Making Of The Alternative Perfume The researchers will base their procedure from the study of: Angeles, Edarlyn D., Santos, Angelo Louis C., Siguisabal, Judith Ann

D.,

Tingson,

Charrevie

M.

entitled

“Sampaguita

(Jasminum

Sambac) Flowers Extract As A Main Ingredient In Making Solid Perfume.” Procedures Collecting all the materials needed Wearing safety precaution gear Cleaning and sterilizing the empty perfume bottles Pounding the lemongrass Filtering the lemongrass Cooking the lemongrass, calamondin, and oil-base

25

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Stirring the mixed lemongrass exract,clamonin peels, and oil-base Filtering the perfume product

Refilling the empty perfume bottles

Figure 2. Procedure of the Study Collecting The Materials Needed, the researchers will gather the materials needed such as Calamansi peels, Cheesecloth, Empty container, Empty perfume bottle, Face mask, Gloves, Lemongrass extract , Measuring cup, Mortar and pestle, Oil-base, Pot, and Stove. Wearing Safety Precaution Gears, the researchers will wear safety

precaution

gears

to

protect

themselves

from

untoward

accidents. Cleaning And Sterilizing The Empty Perfume Containers, the researchers will clean and sterilize the perfume bottle in order to remove leftover perfumes, and completely clean the perfume bottle from unnecessary microbes. Pounding

The

Lemongrass,

the

lemongrass

26

researchers

will

pound

the

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Filtering

The

Lemongrass,

the

researchers

will

filter

the

lemongrass to extract it. Cooking

The

Lemongrass,

Clamondin,

And

Oil-base,

the

researchers will cook the lemongrass, clamondin, and oil-base to infuse the smell to the oil-base. Stirring The Mixed Lemongrass Exract, Clamonin Peels, And Oil-Base, the researchers will stir the mixture to give it an even smell. Filtering The Perfume Product, after the cooking process the researchers filtered the mixture to ensure no stray particles will be added to the final product. Refilling

The

Empty

Perfume

Bottles,

the

researchers

refilled the alternative perfume into the main perfume container.

27

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Precautionary Measures Perfume

is

impossible

to

predict

allergic

reactions

in

individuals to a specific ingredient or ingredient combination. Some can develop an allergy to any number of ingredients in food, skincare or perfume, at any time. Following

these

simple

rules

will

ensure

you

are

using

perfumes safely and appropriately. 

Perfumes are flammable. Do not apply near fire, flame, heat or while smoking



For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes. Do not swallow or take perfume internally.



Keep out of the reach children and pets.



Do not apply to sensitive skin. Do not apply to broken or inflamed skin. If irritation develops, reduce frequency or discontinue use.



Avoid wearing on areas that are exposed to the sun. Many of the essential oils and alcohol present in most perfumes could cause a rash or burning when the skin covered with this oil is exposed to the sun.



If

you

develop

any

allergic

product immediately.

28

reactions,

stop

using

the

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Data Processing Technique The data that will be gathered from this study are subjected

to

the

following

descriptive

and

inferential

statistics. The level of significance was set to 0.05. the statistical tools used will be the Mean and ANOVA. Mean – it is an average of all numbers and is sometimes called arithmetic mean. To calculate mean, add together all of the numbers in a set and divide the sum by the total count of numbers (Rouse, 2016). This was used to compute the different ratings of the respondents and to determine the most acceptable treatment in terms of aroma, and duration. The computed mean is analysed and interpreted using the arbitrary scale Range

Description

2.36 – 3.00

Good

1.68 – 2.35

Fair

1.00-1.67

Poor

29

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F-Test. It is an inferential statistics used to determine the significant difference of three or more variables collected from an experimental research (Calmorin, 2010). In

this

study,

it

is

used

to

determine

if

there

is

a

significant difference among the treatments of Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi Peel Perfume and the commercial perfume.

30

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo References Books Geddes and Grosset, (2002). Websters Universal Dictionary and Thesaurus. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2017). United States of America: Merriam Webster, INC. Oxford Dictionary.(2017). Oxford University: Oxford University Press. Online References Ameya C (2020) Perfume Retrieved January 2020 from https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/benefits-of-using-perfumes/ Casa de Lorenzo (2013)

Calamansi

Retrieved October 2019

from http://blog.thecasadelorenzo.com/2013/10/benefits-ofcalamansi-essential-oil.html Department of Agriculture- Agriculture and Fisheries Market Information System (2014) Calamansi Retrieved November 2019 from https://balinkbayan.gov.ph/products/135-calamansi.html

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Marag, Berde, and Jadhav (2019) “Extraction of Lemongrass Oil and Formation of Perfume” Retrieved Jan 2020 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335547625_Extraction_of_ Lemongrass_Oil_Formation_of_Perfume Parks Candles (2014) Lemongrass Retrieved on October 2019 from https://www.parkscandles.com/blog/fragrance-facts-useslemongrass-oil Rachel Gabenhofer (2018) Perfume Retrieved October 2019 from https://www.perfumerflavorist.com/fragrance/research/Smell-It-toBelieve-It-470689623.html Skaria et. Al (2016) Lemongrass Retrieved on October 2019 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-andbiological-sciences/cymbopogon Tiago Costa Goes, Fábio Reis Carvalho Ursulino, Thiago Henrique Almeida-Souza, Péricles Barreto Alves, Flavia TeixeiraSilva (2015) “Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans” Retrieved February 19, 2021 from https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/26366471/

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Zoologist Perfume (2021) Safety and Allergy Precaution Retrieved February 19,2021 from https://www.zoologist perfumes.com/pages/safety-allergy

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Appendices

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

APPENDIX A LETTER

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo March 12,2021 SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP Principal Sacred Heart Academy, Inc. Zarraga, Iloilo Dear Sr. Ma. Filiam,

Greetings of Peace and Love!

The undersigned are conducting a research study entitled, “THE ACCEPTABILITY OF LEMONGRASS EXTRACT AND CALAMANSI PEELS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PERFUME” as it is required for the Research subject of Grade 10 STE. In

this

regard,

we

would

like

to

request

an

approval

to

temporarily use the Home Economics Building, this coming April. We also like to ask assistance from the Maintenance personnel in using the stove for the boiling of ingredients.

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Your response would be highly appreciated. Thank you and God Bless! Truly yours,

MECA ELAINE M. CABILA

DIANNE MARIE P. MEDIANA

MARIANNE CIELO M. PRECIOSO

NATHALIA M. ZAMORA

Noted by: MRS. AILYN T. BARRANCO

MS. CZARINAH JOY B. PACIENTE

Research Adviser/Teacher

HE Building in/Charge

MR. ROBERT FENIS Maintenance in/Charge

Approved: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP Principal

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

APPENDIX B PARENTS PERMIT

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo PARENTAL CONSENT

I hereby willingly and voluntarily gave my consent for my son/daughter,_________________Meca Elaine M. Cabila________ of Grade & Section __________Grade_10__St._Dominic_de_Guzman to come to school for ___________________Research II _ on_______________ at ______________.

I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from his/her participation in this activity; provided that due care and precaution will be observed to ensure the comfort and safety of him/her and that the school may not be held responsible for any untoward incident that may happen beyond its control.

__________SIXTO CABILA__________

Verified by: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

School Principal

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

PARENTAL CONSENT

I hereby willingly and voluntarily gave my consent for my son/daughter,________________Dianne Marie P. Mediana________ of Grade & Section __________Grade_10__St._Dominic_de_Guzman to come to school for ___________________Research II _ on_______________ at ______________.

I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from his/her participation in this activity; provided that due care and precaution will be observed to ensure the comfort and safety of him/her and that the school may not be held responsible for any untoward incident that may happen beyond its control.

_______CANDELARIA H. PLANA________

Verified by: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

School Principal

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

PARENTAL CONSENT

I hereby willingly and voluntarily gave my consent for my son/daughter,_______________Marianne Cielo M. Precioso________ of Grade & Section __________Grade_10__St._Dominic_de_Guzman to come to school for ___________________Research II _ on_______________ at ______________.

I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from his/her participation in this activity; provided that due care and precaution will be observed to ensure the comfort and safety of him/her and that the school may not be held responsible for any untoward incident that may happen beyond its control.

__________GEMMA C. PRECIOSO_________

Verified by: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

School Principal

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

PARENTAL CONSENT

I hereby willingly and voluntarily gave my consent for my son/daughter,_______________Nathalia_M._Zamora____________ of Grade & Section __________Grade_10__St._Dominic_de_Guzman to come to school for ___________________Research II _ on_______________ at ______________.

I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from his/her participation in this activity; provided that due care and precaution will be observed to ensure the comfort and safety of him/her and that the school may not be held responsible for any untoward incident that may happen beyond its control.

________HANELIE ZAMORA________

Verified by: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP

SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME

School Principal

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

APPENDIX C SENSORY EVALUATION SCORE SHEET

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo SENSORY EVALUATION SCORE SHEET “THE ACCEPTABILITY OF LEMONGRASS EXTRACT (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) AND CALAMANSI PEELS (CITRUS MADURENSIS) AS AN ALTERNATIVE PERFUME”

Respondent’s Name:_________________________________________

CRITERIA: Aroma: The perfume has a pleasing aroma. Duration: The aroma of the perfume has a long duration.

Direction: Please evaluate the samples of perfume presented, by evaluating the different samples and checking the number that corresponds to your rating of the product.

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Aroma

3

2

Treatment A

Treatment B

Treatment C

Aroma: 3 - Good 2 – Fair 1 - Poor

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1

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

Duration

3

2

Treatment A

Treatment B

Treatment C

Duration: 3- Good 2- Fair 1- Poor

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1

Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo

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