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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Acceptability of Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi Peels into Alternative Perfume
A Research Paper Presented to the Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Class Sacred Heart Academy, Inc. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Research II
Meca Elaine M. Cabila Dianne Marie P. Mediana Marianne Cielo M. Precioso Nathalia M. Zamora
March 2021
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Table of Contents
TITLE PAGE
PAGE
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
LIST OF TABLES iv
LIST OF FIGURES
v 1
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION
1
Statement of the Problem 2
Hypothesis 3
the Study
Conceptual Framework 4
Significance of the Study
5
Scope and Limitation of
6
Conceptual and
Operational of Terms
Definition 7
RELATED LITERATURE 3
2
REVIEW OF
9 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Reseach Design Sources of Data
18 ii
17
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Data Gathering Instrument
19
Data Gathering Procedure
20
Precautionary Measure
27
Data Processing Technique
28
iii
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo List of Tables Table 1
PAGE Materials that were used in the Study
21
and their cost 2
Comparing the prices of commercial
22
Perfume and Perfume made from Lemongrass extract and Calamansi Peels 3
Equipment that was borrowed from
22
Home and School 4
Equipment/Tools and their Uses
iv
24
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo List of Figures
Figure
PAGE
1
Paradigm of the Study
4
2
Procedure of the Study
26
v
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo CHAPTER 1 Introduction
Background of the Study Philippines
belongs
to
a
tropical
country.
The
air
is
humid
especially during summer season which causes some people to have an unpleasant
odor. With
this,
fragrance
plays
a
huge
role
in
this
situation. Having a pleasant scent makes us more attractive and it can boost our self-confidence. The emotional response to a smell varies widely from person to person based on his or her personal experience (Bergland, 2016). In order for the person to smell good, most of them use fragrance mist like perfumes, colognes and body sprays. However, these different mists are not always available for all people because of
the
cost.
Aside
from
being
expensive,
it
contains
artificial
formulas or chemicals that may harm the environment or even the health of a person using. Hence, the researchers come up an idea of producing an organic and
affordable
perfume
with
the
use
of
lemongrass
extract
and
calamansi peels, with same soothing scent with the commercial one but environmentally friendly.
1
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Statement of the Problem The main purpose of this study is to determine the acceptability of
Lemongrass
extract
(Cymbopogon
citratus)
and
Calamansi
peels
(Citrus Madurensis) as an alternative perfume. Objectives Specifically,
the
researches
aims
to
find
answers
to
these
specific questions: 1. What is the most acceptable treatment of Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi
Peels
as
an
alternative
perfume
as
to
its
aroma
and
duration: a. 75% Lemongrass Extract and 25% Calamansi Peels b. 50% Lemongrass Extract and 50% Calamansi Peels c. 25% Lemongrass Extract and 75% Calamansi Peels d. Commercial Product 2. Is there a significant difference in the aroma and duration of the alternative perfume made from Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi Peels and the commercial perfumes?
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Hypothesis There is no significant difference in the aroma and duration of the alternative perfume made from Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels and commercial perfume.
Theoretical Framework This study is anchored on the Product Development Theory. Product development also called the new product development is a series of steps
that
includes
the
conceptualization,
design,
development
marketing of newly created or newly rebranded goods or services. The objectives of Product Development Theory are to cultivate, maintain and increase a company's market share by satisfying consumers demand. (Rouse, 2016) In
this
study,
Product
Development
Theory
is
applied
as
the
researchers attempted to create a new product using Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels as an alternative perfume.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Conceptual Framework: Independent Variable
Dependent Variable Level of acceptability of Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels as to it:
a. 75% Lemongrass extract and 25% Calamansi peels b. 50% Lemongrass extract and 50 Calamansi peels c. 25% Lemongrass extract and 75% Calamansi Peels d. Commercial Perfume
a. Aroma b. Duration
Figure 1. The Paradigm of the Study The Paradigm of the Study, as shown in Figure 1 the dependent variable were divided into five treatments: A. 75% Lemongrass extract and 25% Calamansi peels B. 50% Lemongrass extract and 50% Calamansi peels C. 25% Lemongrass extract and 75% Calamansi peels. The dependent variable
is
the
level
of
acceptability
of
Calamansi peels as to its aroma and duration.
4
Lemongrass
extract
and
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Significance of the Study The result of this study will benefit the following: a.
Environment.
This
study
helps
minimize
the
waste
in
the
environment by making use of the said abandoned Calamansi peels as an alternative constituent in making a fragrant substance. b. Parents. This study provides the awareness to the parents of the benefits from Calamansi peels. They can also gain the idea of new livelihood. c. Manufacturers. This study can help the companies use this ideas and help them develop new products which is yet more affordable and serves as an alternative. d.
Consumers.
This
study
can
help
create
a
newly
developed,
planet-friendly perfume. e. Future researchers. This study can serve as a motivation and reference
in
the
same
field,
especially
substance.
5
in
developing
a
fragrant
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Scope and Limitations This study will be only limited to Lemongrass Extract (Cymbopogon Citratus)
and
Calamansi
Peels
(Citrus
Madurensis)
process
into
an
organic perfume. This will be conducted to know the Acceptability of the
Lemongrass
(Citrus
Extract
Madurensis)
as
(Cymbopogon an
Citratus)
alternative
and
perfume.
Calamansi Other
Peels
harmful
substances or chemicals are not included in the study. This study will be conducted on April 2021 at the Home Economics Building of Sacred Heart Academy Inc. Zarraga, Iloilo.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Conceptual and Operational Definition of Terms For the purpose of clarity and understanding the following terms are defined conceptually and operationally Acceptability
–
the
quality
of
being
satisfactory
and
able
to
be
agreed to or approved of (Cambridge Dictionary). In this study, acceptability refers to the Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi Peels as a fragrant substance. Alternative - a proposition or situation offering a choice between two or more things only one of which may be chosen. (Merriam Webster) In this study, it refers to the Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels to make an alternative perfume. Aroma – a distinctive, typically pleasant smell. (Oxford Dictionary) In
this study,
aroma is
used to
determine the
smell of
the
perfume. Calamansi - a small hybrid citrus plant which bears fragrant white flowers followed by small round fruit, native to the Philippines and grown as a houseplant. (Oxford Dictionary) In this study, it refers to the Calamansi that the researchers will be using to make a perfume.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Duration – the time during which something exists or lasts (Merriam Webster) In this study, duration is used to determine the span of the aroma of the perfume. Lemongrass - a fragrant tropical grass which yield an oil that smells lemon.
It
is
widely
used
in
Asian
cooking
and
in
perfumery
and
medicine. (Oxford Dictionary) In this study, it refers to the Lemongrass that the researchers will be mixed with Calamansi peels in making perfume. Perfume-
a
fragrant
liquid
typically
made
from
essential
oils
extracted from flowers and spices, used to impart a pleasant smell to one's body or clothes. (Oxford Dictionary) In these study, perfume refers to the product of this study
8
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Chapter 2 Review of Related Literature Related Legal Basis REPUBLIC ACT. NO 9003 or the (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000) RA 9003 declares the policy of the state in adopting a systematic, comprehensive
and
ecological
solid
waste
management
program
that
ensures the protection of public health and the environment and the proper
segregation,
collection,
transport,
storage,
treatment
and
disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of best environmental practices. (Aquino et. Al, 2013) The forgoing legal basis will employ since the researchers wanted to help in minimizing ecological solid waste emitted by the creation of the commercial perfume by making an alternative organic perfume from Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels which are environmentally friendly.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
REPUBLIC ACT. NO 8749 (Clean Air Act of the Philippines) Section 11: Air Quality Control Techniques supports as the legal basis of the study. It states that the development program contained in this act and upon the consultation with appropriate advisory committees, government agencies, and Local Government Units shall issue and revise information on air pollution control techniques which includes:
Best available technology and alternative methods of prevention, management and control for air pollution.
Best available technology and economically achievable which shall refer to the technological basis for emission limits applicable to existing,
direct
industrial
emitters
at
non-conventional
and
toxic
pollutants (Corpus Juris, 2019)
The forgoing legal basis will employ since the researchers wanted to
help
in
commercial
minimizing perfume
by
air
pollution
making
an
emitted
alternative
by
the
organic
creation perfume
from
Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels which is not harmful to air.
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of
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Related Literature Perfume Perfumes and deodorants are popular today because not only do they help fight body odor, but also boost your morale (Ameya C, 2019). Fragrances and flavors are well known for their ability to tap into primordial feeling and instincts, so marketers continue to search for new ways to tap into and initiate powerful influence. Its no wonder why fragrances and flavors remain as relevant today as ever; as do some of their formulation challenges. As a search of the latest fragrance research literature reveals,
the
industry
remains
focused
on
improving
fragrance
duration/release, as well as finding label-friendly natural materials. Interestingly, applications,
however, flavour
with
and
the
advent
fragrance
of
preference
genetic profiling
research is
now
possible. Following is a review of these recent literature findings. (Rachel Grabenhofer, 2018)
Calamansi Calamansi Essential Oil has the capacity to help deodorize any bad odor. It eliminates the unwanted odors by overpowering other scent molecules in the air since the human nose is a lot more sensitive and appreciative
to
citrus
smells.
Making
a
linen
spray
of
Calamansi
Essential Oil will definitely keep your room or any area of your house smelling fresh and wonderful.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Smelling Calamansi Essential Oil can affect behavior. Studies gave
indications
that
Calamansi
Essential
Oil
have
anti-anxiety
effects. Just by smelling it, one can feel relaxed and refreshed, some even feeling a tingling effect while smelling. Also, Calamansi Essential Oil has antimicrobial properties. It is not only astringent, but it can inhibit the growth of bacteria. Adding it on the stuff that you use when cleaning the sink or your bathroom not only deodorizes, but helps eliminate bad bacteria present in those surfaces. (Casa de Lorenzo,2013) According to Department of Agriculture- Agriculture and Fisheries Market
Information
System,
the
Calamansi
(Citrus
Madurencis)
is
considered as one of the major fruit crops in the Philippines, which is indigenous to the country. This plant is characterized by wing-like appendages on the leaf stalks and white or purplish flowers. Its fruit has either a spongy or leathery rind with a juicy pulp that is divided into sections. Its trees have an average life span of five years. The peak season of calamansi is during the months of June to October and lean months from November to May. Lemongrass Lemongrass may be a common component of Asian cuisine, its smoky citrus aroma adding satisfying fragrance to a variety of Indian, Thai, Vietnamese, and Chinese dishes. But it’s also highly prized as an essential oil.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo It is also used for centuries to purify the skin, eliminate odorcausing bacteria, and promote digestive health when taken orally. The essential oil of lemongrass, which is extracted from the leaves and stalks of the plant, is commonly used in aromatherapy. (FRAGRANCE FACTS: THE USES OF LEMONGRASS OIL, 2017) In addition, the oil has a wonderful, invigorating citrus scent. This is why you may have seen lemongrass body lotions, soaps, candles and other home and body products. You can use the oil for massage, topical applications and inhalation. Reportedly, lemongrass essential oil is “...becoming a popular tool in aromatherapy to help relieve stress, anxiety, and depression.” (Stephenson- Laws, 2017) Lemongrass is a tropical perennial plant that yields aromatic oil. The name lemongrass is derived from the typical lemon-like odour of the essential oil present in the shoot. The lemongrass oil of commerce is popularly known as Cochin oil in world trade, since 90% of it is shipped from Cochin port. The state of Kerala in India had the monopoly in the production and export of lemongrass oil. The annual world production of lemongrass oil is around 1000 t from an area of 16,000 ha. In India it is cultivated in about 4000 ha and the annual production is around 250 t. The crop is extensively cultivated in the poor, marginal and waste lands and also along the bunds as live mulch. The well ramified root system of the plant helps in soil and water conservation. (Skaria et. Al, 2016)
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Related Studies In the study conducted by Tiago Costa Goes, Fábio Reis Carvalho Ursulino,
Thiago
Henrique
Almeida-Souza,
Péricles
Barreto
Alves,
Flavia Teixeira-Silva, 2015 entitled “Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans”. The objective of this study was to evaluate
the
citratus)
potential
aroma
situation.
in
Forty
anxiolytic
healthy
male
effect
volunteers
volunteers
were
of
lemongrass
submitted allocated
to to
(Cymbopogon
an
anxiogenic
four
different
groups for the inhalation of lemongrass essential oil (test aroma: three or six drops), tea tree essential oil (control aroma: three drops), or distilled water (nonaromatic control: three drops). The result showed that immediately after inhalation, each volunteer was submitted to an experimental model of anxiety, the video-monitored version of the Stroop Color-World Test (SCWT).Psychologic parameters (state anxiety, subjective tension, tranquilization, and sedation) and psychologic parameters (heart rate and gastrocnemius electromyogram activity)
were
evaluated
before
the
inhalation
period
and
before,
during, and after the Stroop Color-World Test (SCWT).The result showed that immediately after inhalation, each volunteer was submitted to an experimental
model
of
anxiety,
the
video-monitored
version
of
the
Stroop Color-World Test (SCWT).Individuals exposed to the test aroma (three
and
six
drops),
unlike
the
control
groups,
presented
a
reduction in state anxiety and subjective tension, immediately after treatment administration.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Although clinical
more
relevance
investigations
are
of
essential
lemongrass
necessary oil
to as
clarify an
the
anxiety
treatment, this work shows that very brief exposure to this aroma has some perceived anxiolytic effects. The above mentioned study is related to the present study because the researcher wanted to determine the acceptability of lemongrass extract in terms of aroma. According to Marag, Berde, and Jadhav, 2019 entitled “Extraction of
Lemongrass
Oil
and
Formation
of
Perfume”,
essential
oils’
or
volatile oils, are found in many different plants. These oils are different
from
fatty
oils
because
they
evaporate
or
volatize
on
contact with the air and they possess a pleasant taste and strong aromatic odour. The main objective of this research is to extract essential
oil
and
formulate
perfume
Citratus).
15
from
lemongrass
(Cymbopogon
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo The research focuses on the production of perfumes from natural, plant sources as against synthetic chemicals and to study the various parameter such as time, size that affect the quality of lemongrass oil. The result showed that the quality and quantity of oil essential mainly
depends
extraction
on
the
procedure
is
extraction
procedures.
considered
as
a
Therefore,
vital
process.
optimizing From
the
analysis we come to know that the higher the time given for extraction greater is the amount of oil obtained. Continuing the process above 96 hours. Will cost the losses in solvent as cold solvent get evaporated after certain time. Among the experiments performed for the different conditions of raw
material,
the
conditions
for
the
maximum
yield
and
the
cost
effectiveness of the essential oil produced was proved to be the size of the lemongrass leaves should be the range of 0.5-1.0 cm. and the time 96 hours. Which is maximum time given for the extraction process. It is seen that the minimum size and maximum time is giving highest yield.
Adding
fixatives
to
perfume
improves
the
longevity
of
the
perfume. The perfume which have formulated from lemongrass has nice and pleasing smell. The study mentioned is related to the present study because the researcher wanted to determine the acceptability of lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels as an alternative perfume in terms of smell or aroma and the longevity of the perfume or its duration.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Chapter 3 Research Methodology
Research Design The purpose of this study is to determine if the Lemongrass extract and Calamansi peels can be made into an alternative perfume. The research design that will be using in this study is experimental design. According to McLeod, S. (2007), experimental design
is
to
divide
the
participants
into
two
groups,
the
experimental group and the control group, and then introduce a change to the experimental group and not the control group. The specific experimental design is the two-group design. This design involves two comparable groups employed as control and experimental groups.
17
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Sources Of Data Lemongrass extract and calamansi peels which are the main ingredients of this study are utilized as alternative perfume. The researcher conducted a try-out experiment, to find out if the lemongrass extract and calamansi peels are acceptable in making an alternative perfume. The lemongrass extract was taken from Precioso’s
Residence,
Landheights
Ville,
Tagbak,
Ilolo.
The
calamnsi peels were taken from Plana’s Residence, Brgy. Jalaud Sur, Zarrraga, Iloilo. The finished product will soon be evaluated by respondents as given. The respondents are thirty – eight faculty of Sacred Heart Academy using the Sensory Evaluation Sheet. The respondents will
be
selected
using
simple
random
sampling.
In
order
to
determine the respondents, the researchers will be using the formula of slovin as follows:
n=
N 1+ Ne2
Where n= a sample size e= desired margin of error (5%) N= population size
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo After the respondents rated the product, the researchers will gather the data to be tallied, tabulated and analyzed. Data Gathering Instrument Alternative perfume has qualities evaluated using the Rating Scale, specifically the Hedonic Scale. Hedonic Scale refers to the type of numerical scale used in the study that describes the evaluators’
judgement
on
the
quality
of
the
given
(Calmorin, M. & Calmorin, L., 2007)
The first standard is Aroma. It will be rated as: 3 Good 2 Fair 1 Poor The second standard is Duration. It will be rated as: 3 Good 2 Fair 1 Poor
19
sample.
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Data Gathering Procedure The researchers will be gathering information in order to determine if lemongrass extract and calamansi peels can be used in
making
alternative
perfume.
The
materials
needed
are
identified and listed before the experiment proper. Likewise, the detailed
procedure
in
conducting
he
experiment
proper
was
followed in order to attain the purpose of the study. The finished product will be evaluated and rated by the respondents the acceptability of the alternative perfume product in terms of aroma and duration.
20
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Phase 1. Preparation Of Materials, Tools, Utensils and Equipment The researchers gather, label, and place all the materials tools and equipment on the table. These were materials needed in making alternative perfume with their respective cost. Quantity 1 Bottle
Item Oil-Base Lemongrass
Unit Cost Php 150.00
Total Cost Php 150.00
1 1/2 Kilo
extract Calamansi
Php 2.50
Php 25.00
*
*
Php 15.00
Php 45.00
2 Kilo 3 Bottles (100 mL) 4 Pairs 4 Pieces
Peels Empty Perfume Bottle Gloves Face Mask
Php 15.00 Php 60.00 Php 5.00 Php 20.00 Total Cost Php 300.00 Table 1. Materials To Be Used In The Study And Their Cost
21
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Table 2.Comparing the prices of commercial Perfume and Perfume made from Lemongrass extract and Calamansi Peels Quantity 1 Bottle
Item Lemongrass
(100 mL)
Extract and
Unit Cost *
Total Cost *
Php 75.00
Php 75.00
Calamansi 1 Bottle
Peels Perfume Commercial
(70 mL)
Perfume
Table 3. Equipment/Tools Borrowed From Home And School Quantity
Description
1
Food Processor
2
Cheese Cloth
1
Empty Container
3
Empty Perfume Bottle
1
Measuring Cups
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo 1
Pot
1
Stirring rod
1
Stove
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Table 4. Equipment/Tools And Its Use Tools/ equipment Calamansi peels
Uses It will be used as one of the variables in conducting the research.
Cheese cloth
It will be used to separate the lemongrass
Empty container
leaves that form the extract It will be used to store the lemon grass
Empty perfume
extract It will be used to store the perfume
bottle Face mask
It will be used to cover the mouth and nose in order to avoid inhalation of undesirable
Food Processor
microorganism during the experiment It will be used to blend the lemongrass to make
Gloves Lemongrass extract
the extract. It will be used to cover the hands It will used as one of the variables in
Measuring cup
conducting the experiment It will be used to measure the ingredients before mixing
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Oil-base
It will be used as the base ingredient for the
Pot Stove
perfume It will be used to boil the mixture It will be used to cook the mixture
Phase 2. Making Of The Alternative Perfume The researchers will base their procedure from the study of: Angeles, Edarlyn D., Santos, Angelo Louis C., Siguisabal, Judith Ann
D.,
Tingson,
Charrevie
M.
entitled
“Sampaguita
(Jasminum
Sambac) Flowers Extract As A Main Ingredient In Making Solid Perfume.” Procedures Collecting all the materials needed Wearing safety precaution gear Cleaning and sterilizing the empty perfume bottles Pounding the lemongrass Filtering the lemongrass Cooking the lemongrass, calamondin, and oil-base
25
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Stirring the mixed lemongrass exract,clamonin peels, and oil-base Filtering the perfume product
Refilling the empty perfume bottles
Figure 2. Procedure of the Study Collecting The Materials Needed, the researchers will gather the materials needed such as Calamansi peels, Cheesecloth, Empty container, Empty perfume bottle, Face mask, Gloves, Lemongrass extract , Measuring cup, Mortar and pestle, Oil-base, Pot, and Stove. Wearing Safety Precaution Gears, the researchers will wear safety
precaution
gears
to
protect
themselves
from
untoward
accidents. Cleaning And Sterilizing The Empty Perfume Containers, the researchers will clean and sterilize the perfume bottle in order to remove leftover perfumes, and completely clean the perfume bottle from unnecessary microbes. Pounding
The
Lemongrass,
the
lemongrass
26
researchers
will
pound
the
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Filtering
The
Lemongrass,
the
researchers
will
filter
the
lemongrass to extract it. Cooking
The
Lemongrass,
Clamondin,
And
Oil-base,
the
researchers will cook the lemongrass, clamondin, and oil-base to infuse the smell to the oil-base. Stirring The Mixed Lemongrass Exract, Clamonin Peels, And Oil-Base, the researchers will stir the mixture to give it an even smell. Filtering The Perfume Product, after the cooking process the researchers filtered the mixture to ensure no stray particles will be added to the final product. Refilling
The
Empty
Perfume
Bottles,
the
researchers
refilled the alternative perfume into the main perfume container.
27
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Precautionary Measures Perfume
is
impossible
to
predict
allergic
reactions
in
individuals to a specific ingredient or ingredient combination. Some can develop an allergy to any number of ingredients in food, skincare or perfume, at any time. Following
these
simple
rules
will
ensure
you
are
using
perfumes safely and appropriately.
Perfumes are flammable. Do not apply near fire, flame, heat or while smoking
For external use only. Avoid contact with eyes. Do not swallow or take perfume internally.
Keep out of the reach children and pets.
Do not apply to sensitive skin. Do not apply to broken or inflamed skin. If irritation develops, reduce frequency or discontinue use.
Avoid wearing on areas that are exposed to the sun. Many of the essential oils and alcohol present in most perfumes could cause a rash or burning when the skin covered with this oil is exposed to the sun.
If
you
develop
any
allergic
product immediately.
28
reactions,
stop
using
the
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Data Processing Technique The data that will be gathered from this study are subjected
to
the
following
descriptive
and
inferential
statistics. The level of significance was set to 0.05. the statistical tools used will be the Mean and ANOVA. Mean – it is an average of all numbers and is sometimes called arithmetic mean. To calculate mean, add together all of the numbers in a set and divide the sum by the total count of numbers (Rouse, 2016). This was used to compute the different ratings of the respondents and to determine the most acceptable treatment in terms of aroma, and duration. The computed mean is analysed and interpreted using the arbitrary scale Range
Description
2.36 – 3.00
Good
1.68 – 2.35
Fair
1.00-1.67
Poor
29
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) or F-Test. It is an inferential statistics used to determine the significant difference of three or more variables collected from an experimental research (Calmorin, 2010). In
this
study,
it
is
used
to
determine
if
there
is
a
significant difference among the treatments of Lemongrass Extract and Calamansi Peel Perfume and the commercial perfume.
30
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo References Books Geddes and Grosset, (2002). Websters Universal Dictionary and Thesaurus. Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2017). United States of America: Merriam Webster, INC. Oxford Dictionary.(2017). Oxford University: Oxford University Press. Online References Ameya C (2020) Perfume Retrieved January 2020 from https://www.stylecraze.com/articles/benefits-of-using-perfumes/ Casa de Lorenzo (2013)
Calamansi
Retrieved October 2019
from http://blog.thecasadelorenzo.com/2013/10/benefits-ofcalamansi-essential-oil.html Department of Agriculture- Agriculture and Fisheries Market Information System (2014) Calamansi Retrieved November 2019 from https://balinkbayan.gov.ph/products/135-calamansi.html
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Marag, Berde, and Jadhav (2019) “Extraction of Lemongrass Oil and Formation of Perfume” Retrieved Jan 2020 from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335547625_Extraction_of_ Lemongrass_Oil_Formation_of_Perfume Parks Candles (2014) Lemongrass Retrieved on October 2019 from https://www.parkscandles.com/blog/fragrance-facts-useslemongrass-oil Rachel Gabenhofer (2018) Perfume Retrieved October 2019 from https://www.perfumerflavorist.com/fragrance/research/Smell-It-toBelieve-It-470689623.html Skaria et. Al (2016) Lemongrass Retrieved on October 2019 from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-andbiological-sciences/cymbopogon Tiago Costa Goes, Fábio Reis Carvalho Ursulino, Thiago Henrique Almeida-Souza, Péricles Barreto Alves, Flavia TeixeiraSilva (2015) “Effect of Lemongrass Aroma on Experimental Anxiety in Humans” Retrieved February 19, 2021 from https://pubmed.ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/26366471/
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Zoologist Perfume (2021) Safety and Allergy Precaution Retrieved February 19,2021 from https://www.zoologist perfumes.com/pages/safety-allergy
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Appendices
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
APPENDIX A LETTER
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo March 12,2021 SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP Principal Sacred Heart Academy, Inc. Zarraga, Iloilo Dear Sr. Ma. Filiam,
Greetings of Peace and Love!
The undersigned are conducting a research study entitled, “THE ACCEPTABILITY OF LEMONGRASS EXTRACT AND CALAMANSI PEELS AS AN ALTERNATIVE PERFUME” as it is required for the Research subject of Grade 10 STE. In
this
regard,
we
would
like
to
request
an
approval
to
temporarily use the Home Economics Building, this coming April. We also like to ask assistance from the Maintenance personnel in using the stove for the boiling of ingredients.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo Your response would be highly appreciated. Thank you and God Bless! Truly yours,
MECA ELAINE M. CABILA
DIANNE MARIE P. MEDIANA
MARIANNE CIELO M. PRECIOSO
NATHALIA M. ZAMORA
Noted by: MRS. AILYN T. BARRANCO
MS. CZARINAH JOY B. PACIENTE
Research Adviser/Teacher
HE Building in/Charge
MR. ROBERT FENIS Maintenance in/Charge
Approved: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP Principal
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
APPENDIX B PARENTS PERMIT
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo PARENTAL CONSENT
I hereby willingly and voluntarily gave my consent for my son/daughter,_________________Meca Elaine M. Cabila________ of Grade & Section __________Grade_10__St._Dominic_de_Guzman to come to school for ___________________Research II _ on_______________ at ______________.
I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from his/her participation in this activity; provided that due care and precaution will be observed to ensure the comfort and safety of him/her and that the school may not be held responsible for any untoward incident that may happen beyond its control.
__________SIXTO CABILA__________
Verified by: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP
SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME
School Principal
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
PARENTAL CONSENT
I hereby willingly and voluntarily gave my consent for my son/daughter,________________Dianne Marie P. Mediana________ of Grade & Section __________Grade_10__St._Dominic_de_Guzman to come to school for ___________________Research II _ on_______________ at ______________.
I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from his/her participation in this activity; provided that due care and precaution will be observed to ensure the comfort and safety of him/her and that the school may not be held responsible for any untoward incident that may happen beyond its control.
_______CANDELARIA H. PLANA________
Verified by: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP
SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME
School Principal
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
PARENTAL CONSENT
I hereby willingly and voluntarily gave my consent for my son/daughter,_______________Marianne Cielo M. Precioso________ of Grade & Section __________Grade_10__St._Dominic_de_Guzman to come to school for ___________________Research II _ on_______________ at ______________.
I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from his/her participation in this activity; provided that due care and precaution will be observed to ensure the comfort and safety of him/her and that the school may not be held responsible for any untoward incident that may happen beyond its control.
__________GEMMA C. PRECIOSO_________
Verified by: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP
SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME
School Principal
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
PARENTAL CONSENT
I hereby willingly and voluntarily gave my consent for my son/daughter,_______________Nathalia_M._Zamora____________ of Grade & Section __________Grade_10__St._Dominic_de_Guzman to come to school for ___________________Research II _ on_______________ at ______________.
I have considered the benefits that my son/daughter will derive from his/her participation in this activity; provided that due care and precaution will be observed to ensure the comfort and safety of him/her and that the school may not be held responsible for any untoward incident that may happen beyond its control.
________HANELIE ZAMORA________
Verified by: SR. MA. FILIAM ANN E. SEVILLENA, OP
SIGNATURE OVER PRINTED NAME
School Principal
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
APPENDIX C SENSORY EVALUATION SCORE SHEET
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo SENSORY EVALUATION SCORE SHEET “THE ACCEPTABILITY OF LEMONGRASS EXTRACT (CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS) AND CALAMANSI PEELS (CITRUS MADURENSIS) AS AN ALTERNATIVE PERFUME”
Respondent’s Name:_________________________________________
CRITERIA: Aroma: The perfume has a pleasing aroma. Duration: The aroma of the perfume has a long duration.
Direction: Please evaluate the samples of perfume presented, by evaluating the different samples and checking the number that corresponds to your rating of the product.
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Aroma
3
2
Treatment A
Treatment B
Treatment C
Aroma: 3 - Good 2 – Fair 1 - Poor
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1
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
Duration
3
2
Treatment A
Treatment B
Treatment C
Duration: 3- Good 2- Fair 1- Poor
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1
Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
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Sacred Heart Academy, INC. Jalandoni St., Zarraga, Iloilo
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