Kratki istorični pregled turskog gospodarstva nad srpskim narodom 16. veku [PDF]

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33or oBora 6plimbH3or H peBHocHor H3HaBeJIHRy 6.aaroAapHocT HapoAa Hamer, 3ac..ayzzyjy Ha Hme : r. "LIe ezkomlub MHjaTosHh , r. OBa sHxoBa JOBaH PHCTHh paAma y HpHzor pa3BHha HcTopHjcRor moHce ce BHReTx y nilacHrucy VI. cTp. 209. rameHHicy VII. cTp. 219. H LliacHHEcy XXXVI. cTp. 155. A Hope,4 OBRX , 3ac.ay2Ryjy Haray HpH3HaTezHocT ca oBor raeplinTa H r. CpehRoBith H r. IVIHJIHheBah, Rao H CBH OHH, RojH cy Ro cajk Ha HcTpaHmalby HoAo6HEnc HoAaTaxa paAHJIH. Jiacim,

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3aTO eam aa go6po Hamao H3BeCTH K3 cBHjy pe,iempc nogaTaRa, Baumuja mjecTa x y aace6Hoj KH)11Z111;11 E3HeTII Ha jaBHocT go cRopo HeHo3KaTa a6mha pe .uHor BpemeHa, KaRo 6H cBaRH Cp6BH BHgHo H 3Hao , y KOJIMICOM cy cTeneHy TypR1,1 1CpBHH 11 3aKJIETH HenplijaTew Bjepe H HapogHoCTII Hame.

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143 OBOr KpaTRor H3BOAa BHge he litTajyhn cBeT, urra je y npaBom cmHe.ny HeorpazwleHo HacH3Le TypcRo BHge he nog RaRnm yucacHpim myRama CpncTso csoiy Bepy og TypaRa cauBa.uo. niTa je y TOM 6eAHO CBeIIITCHCTBO Haure npeTpne.Ho , KaRo je Eapog go amBna HcHcaBaH, He 6H JIH ra Rpajma cHpoTzma npmHygma Bepy upomeHHTH, RaRo je yzacHo 3JIOCTaBJLeH H po6meH H Hajnoc.ue, KaRo cy my cBa myma gena og 7 go 12 rogHHa ogyaxmaxa H y Elmnape ogBo4eHa, Te y 6e3Bjepujy o6y,laBaHa, ga concTBe1111 CBOi pog , cBOjy RpB aaTHpy H yliponamhyjy.

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llapc.mo cpncHo y XVI Bemy. CpricKH HapoA HNCTO je c.naBeHmor poAa H nopeima, a HapoA c.itaBeHcicH y onniTe oAmucyje ce oA Apyrmx napoAHocTH: narrpHapxammm aRHBOTOM, rocTonpHmeTBom H HsApHaTeaHomhy. Ho y nAemeHy cAaBeHeicom , Cp6H npBo mecTo saysHmajy y xpa6pocTH H jyHwiicoj oxsa,acHocTH. OBHM BpAHHama o ezi,apeH, BapoA cpncicH oA nocTaHHa cBor TeacH sa cAo6oAom H nesaBHcHomhy, H CBHM OHHM HITO jeAaH napoA me4y HapoAHma ommicyje.

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OBHM BeJtHICHM CBOil4M

oH y npBom CBOM Baceamy y jpicHH noAyocTpoB, Huje morao Ayro TpneTH HaA co6om rp ,nco rocnotzkaperbe, 6am aico je 6Ho maJto6pojaH. Y TpeheM cTo.7tehy cBoje BaceA6HHe: H3me4y JaApaHcicor mopa H A y saBa , CaBe, YHe A MapNHe BHAHmo Cp6e noA conerBeHum cHojHm HapoAndlm BAaAaogHma, Ba acynaHmje noAe.ibeHe. 11,ou,Huje y XII. Beicy, Cp6H ce cnoHme y jep,Hy onmTy

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ApacaBy, n36panie ce6n Hapo4Hy AnnacTnjy. Cp6nja noeTa mohna, nesaBnena xpa.6eBnna nop, jynaqicom R myApom ynpaBom Aoma Hemannha, icom Hpo3 Bnuie BesoBa napoA ocTa BepaH H nowiyaran. OBa BepnoeT H HOCJI.yff[HOCT anojena ca enarom R poAo.I.y6nBom jynamcom oABaxcnomhy , eBe je AaJbe Lunplua rpannge, eBe moh.nnjom ApHcaBy epneicy. Y npBoj 110.11.0BRHH XIII. Beica, naoAnmo ,zkpalcaBy epneicy najBehy, najmohnujy_ Fra jyry, najen.itanjy, najype4ennjy namey eBnjy- eJtaBencicnx ApHcaBa, a y 1340. roA. na.itasnmo je rioA napeicom icpynom BeARKor, CH.21.HOr H neno6eAnmor /Jyymana, najyaBnrnennjer HemanniteBa noTomica. Y oBoj BeJuncoj a mohaoj gapeaaaa epnelcoj, HaAasnmo eTpor peA 3aICOHOM sema.6eicnm yTBp4en' H CBa ApacaBonpaBna ypeerba urro onor Bpemena xe ua.i.asnmo exopo HH NO,4 jeAHe caaBenexe ApacaBe, a caa6o H KOA Apyrn noBehn eBponeng ApacaBa. IIo OBOM Ao eaA sasanom, ApHcaBa epaeica 614.1a je y XIII. Beicy ,z,,pacaBa npBor peAa, najBeha, najmohnnja me4y nAemenama eAaBeneickim, a napoA epnesn y najBehoj eaaBn, CA060A8 H 6.4aroeTaffly.

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OBora Bpemena BAap,ame y mohnoj napeBunn epuelcoj He3aBHCHOCT ApacaBna, He3aBHCHOCT Bep03a1COHCICa. Cp6n nmaAonie enoje nesaBracne naTpnjapxe, apxaenneRone H ennelcone, nyno o6yqaBan mopaa, pasBnjeny nn,zkyeTpnjy, ypeAan x cao6oAas TproBatucn cao6paurraj , enpezien npomeT TproBatucK. Pei,u3jy, epneKR napoA Baoaine ee y naj6o.I.em nBeTy eAaBe eBoje ynyTpaume, a ca eTpane enwhne, oA CBHjex napoAa 110TIITOBaH H OHILTTe yBamen. Tpaanne napeTBa upymajy ce: oA JaApaneicor Ao Ihnor mopa, oA pkijeice Ma,pnge Ao ApaBe, a noA nienum CIMITp031: Aaamannjy, gpny ropy, 3eTy, A.3.6anujy, EpgeroBany , ManeAonnjy , BpaaageBo , Magay, Boeay, Pacajy, CpeM H CAaBoaajy. OCHM OBHX: Eaap, Tecaaajy, ETwtajy H Aaapaaaajy. Byrapexo xpa.ibeacTao Hao sa ce6e He3aBHCHO, HO H OHO je oA ApxcaBe H napeTBa epacicor saBnekmo. OBora Ao6a, oBora eaaBe nynor Bpemena, naoAno ce je napoA epnesn y eAemeicom pajy. Cyage eaaae H epehe ea eBnjy ra je eTpana 6.7taroe.itoBennm eBojam spanuma o6acjaBaao, majelen BeTplihn pasAa4nBa.im ey jynagico epncico ,Tle.10 H otia-

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paBasiim cy epge H Aymy rberoBy epeham paAocTm nyHm sammnubajm. Haoame ce TaAa eprICKH HapoA y Haj6o.ibem gBeTy epehe, esitaBe, H eBeeTpaHor Hanpenca eBor.

OnaAaibe m nponacT cpmcmor 4apcToa. Fposa Hae no,4yslima, isaA ymmi nor.iteA 6au,mmo aa oBy Apyry nepHoAy cpuemmx Aora4aja. Y IhOj B14/411M0 mpatmy Tyre nyHy CTMH H Ao.itmay, y mojoj eBmpeno sBepmFbe ea OTp0BHHM smmjama eTaHyje raaAHmm mpBomeAHmm .4e.7byeTmda Ha eBoje 2mpTBe metiemyje. 1311TellIKR Cp6mHe , IIITa Te Cal4 14Cqexyje? HpBm mopam, Kojm ca TBoje c.iukBe nyHe Buume yquamm, 611he TH feOpalC yamaea , Tyre H Heepehe. H sameTa, ma.i.o npe epehlim H c.itaBum npeAgm HREBH, naAome, nponaAome, Aobome y HajAy6.7by HIŠBRHy oae pmacHe /40AHHe H BRAHMO HX ompyi2meHe 1CpB0.1.0t1HHM AmB.,bmm sBepmFbem: xmjeae HM Teao pacTpmy a oTposHe ammje 0 1.1H H epga BaAe. HITa 6m yspom OBOM Har.lom H CTpalIIHOM naAmby R 011aAalLy caA he mo BHAHTR, a

Tpe6a H Aa Ao6po Haym ysmemo m BpeMe oA Kor, R OICOAHOCTH HOiHX HO'le OBa icaTacTpooa HeMIL■le eyA6e cpueme. OuaAaFby gapermHe , npBm je norieTax empT BeAmmor H CH.411011 ,11,ymaHa gapa epnexor, moja ce.. je AoroAm.ita 18. Aegem6p a 1356. roAmHe y ce.ly ,A,mjaBoam .noropy epnemom noA gapmrpaAom, Ha Kojm ca eBojmm Tpynama nomao 6mjame, Aa ra mmnepmja epnemoj noAtuaHm; He H3 e.i[aBo.614Bmx Hamjepa, Aa eBoje gapeTso paenpoCTparfil, HO 138 CMOTpeHOCTR, Aa asmjaTemm saBojeBaTe.ib , Koja ce Beh y BH8a1ITHCRO gapeTBo yBymao 6eme R y EApeaeTy eTaHoBame , He npoApe Bajnoute y ARBH.71.11soBaRe eBponeme o6.itacTm , Te R FberoBy gapeTBy He Hammo" a sa TO AOHOJLHO ocHoBa mmaAe, notiem ce Fpgm y gapmcpaAy HeripecTaHo o mpyHy OTklMaIlle g ca4 jeAHa caA Apyra eTpaHa Typmma y nomoh nosimame. Apyrm yspom onaAmy u,apeBmse 6m.ita je ce6mquoeT epnemm Bemucama, moja no=imFF,e oA Bymamima MpFba,lemlha, Koja je 6mo B.7tacTe.la H npBm BeAmmam gapeTBa. OBaj B.7LaCTOJby6HBR Bymamma , oBaj yuponacTmTe.b epneTBa , oAma HO CMpTH gapeBoj saBpTm ce6m y r.kaBy , Aa eam

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ce6a napercy rcpyHy Ha r.itaBy meTHe , hI aa TH31 ,7/CHBO pai4HTH HaeTaHe. Hajnpe aaeKarbem CIC.71.0HR HeBHHor napcKpr Hae.iheAHruca Yporna, Te my Kpa.7LeBercH TI3TJl AaAe, sa THM noge oroBapaTH H jaBHO BHICaTR npoTHBy AymaHom yue,4eHor y ApacaBonpawheFby peAa , oraamaname maaAora Ypoma 3a He enoco6Ha napeTBom A ,4a 614' KoA rrojeArnurx BaacTo.l.y6HBHx Beamcama , Koje je Ao6po nosHaBao, c.laBo.71,y6.7fie noAcTaKao roBopame, je o/4/1,ymana HerrameTHo 613ao oBoapuce npoeTope sem.A,,e , oA ICOHX 6H Hercoamco He3aBHCHIIX /J,p,maBa, 6HTH mor.Ao y jeArro CIC.710IIHTH H T. A. CBe je oBe HaqHHe ynoTpe6.76aBao Aa eBe oc.la613 x paenapn, na KaA Tum eBojy HaMepy noe•HrHe H eBy BaacT y pyrce yame , Aa oHAa eBe eBojoj B0.7bH HOAITHLIH. Ho raaBHa my je ne.1b 614.1a TO, Aa Yporna ce6H c nyTa yK.I0E1H, Kalco 6H sa THM Kao KpaA. aaKme Ao napene KpyHe ,Aomao. IloAaHm R ayKaBram OBHM epeAcTBHma 110,3,p,71C&BRII CBOiHM Baay npBom je, eTo.2Ly6Humm 6paTom Yr.7bemom, — H yeneo, a Apyro je cam eBojom 6e36oacHom HapeAa jeYi HequeTom pyKom R3BpDIRO. H3BeAe man,wra uapa Aan 11.4aHHHCICH JLOB,

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Ypoma y nvtaHHHy, na HE emejyhH runcom rposHy CBOjy Hamepy noBepHTH, eam CBOjom pyKom 2.11„enem6pa 1367. roA. 3a6oAe oTpoBHy empToHoeHy eTpe.ity y epne HeBHHOP u,apa Ypoura. Y6HeTBom napa, cHHa najBeher Ao6poTBopa H Kyma CBOI1 KojH ra je o4 HpoeTarca Ha HajBehH eTynan, BeAmcarnica ysBHCHO, ylCJIOHR uporc.neTH ByKannAH H noe.leAEby npenouy ce6H c ny. Ta, H Beb. ce noT-re npHyroToB.,-LaBaTn, Aa Ha BeawraueTBeH Ha,3ti4ET ce6e napem eamoApacnem epnercHm npormacH, a.71H Bjegna npawka TO my HeAonyeTH. Hapo,4 ra nore upesupaTH Be.ARKarnH ea eBojHm norcpaHHama eBaKH 3a ce6e oAmeTaTH, nopoAH ce . HepeA H Heeaora, eBe ce yeKoae6a, eBe ApyrH BH/l, y3e. TypnH, KojH ey 6oApHm OICOM CBe Aora4aje y Cp6HjH noemaTpamr, y .Euminne cajya ca TpnHma, x ca BojeHom cHarom ynaAome y 3em.Le epneKe. Byrcaun4H HM ea CB0i0M BOiCICOM H3alje Ha CyCpeT H y HpBom cy/Lapy oemeHy my ce epeba BojeHa, HO y Apyrom cyKo6y 6a Ao Hore noTyLrerr, eam ea jeArnam e.Ayrom Hincoaom Apeonmhem epamno ca 6oiHmTa no6jeace, HO alco R H3mane HenpHjaTe.6y, Bjezmoj upaBAH nemoace ymabH. Cayra Hincoaa , inam ca .

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cBojum 6esaxomam rocnoAapem ymage y Ay6oxy ri.7tammy , y6R cTpeJtom Ha mjecTo Byxaumma 26. CenTem6pa 1371. roA. g THM ce HCIlyfIR npaBoeyima uspexa: „y6Rua y6ujeH ,zka 6yAe." IIo cmpTu ByxammoBoj pacnaAe ce npocTpana cpnexa uapemma ca CBHM.IlpoBRHuuja sa npommuujom oAuenume ce oA jeAuHeTBa, nocTaAome cBaxa sa ce6e noA cBojum Beauxamma H BAacTeauma HesaBucHe, ms.i.omutne ce cTpaHom yTuuajy, a THM umpom OTB0pRIlle nyT • OIH]1TM HenpujaTe.6y. RaA je 8,y6Hua uapa Ypoula normHyo, xaik je ce Beh cBe sa usry6.7beHo u ynponaintieHo Apacarni mopaao Hayma Imes .1«a3ap I'pe6.7baHoBuh ynpaBmTe.7E. MaqBe H CpeMa, xojR je MRAR11,y pol)axy uapa Aymaua sa aceHy umao, epehy noxymaTu, Aa HapoA epncim cnace , Aa 06HOBH cpnexo uapcTBo. BaH 6ocancica TBpTxo, imes Epueromme AATomauomah, 6aH BeTe H Ilpramopja Ba.una CTpauHuh 6aH H RacTpujoT oA Eaupa, 61.1.7tu cy my Haj6.mmu, Ha FLH ./lasap CB0j HHIllaH ynpaml, Aa Hg noAquHu x HoBy uapemmy o6pa3yje. Ca jaKOM CB0j0Mv(i B0jCKOM, sayame oAma sem./.e ByxammoBe R Yr.ihermme , Ha ItIMe : Aa-

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Hamffiy RHememmy Cp6Hjy, Pacujy H Ao6ap Aeo MaueAoauje, yA,apu Ha xfflasa xepuel'oBatixor H nomohy 6aHa 6ocaHexor noxopH ra, HajBehy qacT iberoBe sewhe ce6u HOAtIRHH a ocTaTax yeTynu 6aHy 6ocaucHom , Roju my ce HexTe H04(111HHT13. Ba TRM yAapu Ha Ba.i.numy ApaxaBy , HO laspambajy ce, silasap Aap,e Ba.itum cHojy yAoBy Rhep JeJteHy sa aceuy , a oH ee uoAquHu JtasapeBoj ApmaBa. r_E•ypa KacTpujoT cam noHyAn CBOjy 110,V1HFLOHOCT Jlasapy, H Taxo Jtasap ca nocTurHyTum yenjeckuvia, Ao4e y IIpuspeH. CmecTu ce y uapexe ,D,B0p0Be H Ty ce xpymune sa uapa cpnexor. Kaxo je uapcxy B.71aci• y cBoje pyxe npummo, npm4 my xopax 6yAe , Te KoA uapa H naTpujapxa rpqxor uspaAa H csuae aHaTemy ca HapoAa cpnexor, xojy naTpujapca uspurpaAexa jora aa B.4aAe uapa AymaHa Ha Cp6u,jy 6auu.la 6exy, a 3aTHM no csum c-rpyxama ApacaBonpawteffla saBeAe peA y HOB0j uapemma cBojoj. IberoBa je HoBa Cp6mja noA iberoBom myApom ynpaBom 1375. roA. y uBeTajyhe eTaibe nocTaB.I.eHa OH je cHaanao HenpujaTe.y.exa HanaAalba oA6Hjao, ca cyceAHum ApacaBama mup H Ao6po cyT.I.acuje

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yTspAmo, H TaK0 Binne roAmHa epneKa Hapop, oA HenpnjaTeiheKe HaBaAe H asmjaTcKe nonAase cagysao. A.411 KaKo cy ce e AaHa Ha AaH asmjaTeKe topAmje y esesm ca Tpumma. ese BrdrQE3 H BRIIIe MHOZCHAC epneKmm rpaHmgama npkimmnaae , HgBmx ce6m g Kpa.x,esmny Byrapexy , a oAmenuagm cpucKor jeAmHeTsa HexTeme 6ap y Ao6poM enopasymaenT easesHo Ea suraeKpaTHm 1103HB H noHyAy Aasapesy, O[I1I1TM HenpmjaTe.ihy ca Aasapom oTnop, AasTm,KojeHilpBAmasrosmAa HOCAC nponacTm 6yrapeKe seAsKa onacHoeT., roAmHe 1389. 15. JyHa AoTpaja R Aasapeso gapeTso. Osor sAoKo6Hor A,aHa m roAkme, Ka4 TypeKm cyxraH MypaT ca 300.000 BOiCKC y ROCOBO Aolje, HOjaBH ce msme4y apsa seamKama epacKm, seTosa Aasapesm, ByKa. BpaHKosmha H MHAOBria 06kumha, pa3A0p H HecAora. Aasap y Ot1H 6mTKe c HenpEjaTeJLem no .7taamom AoHomeH,y H306./114 11H, yspeAm HesmHy eTpaHy Ha3BaBMH je HesepHom. CyTpa AaH ce 6oj OTHO'le, Byx BpaHKosmh msAaA,e gapa, TacTa csora 86or R.21.eTe ce6mtulocTm, msHesepm R FisAaAe HenpmjaTe.6y HapoA esoj. TypcKa sojeKa, oAp,acm no6eAy , a.nm msry6m m oHa uapa

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esor MypaTa , Kora caacHa AecHmga MRAonia 06mamha y cpep, lberose sojeKe y maTopy paenopm. Ilorm6e gap ✓ asap, H3rki6ome CBC BOjBOAC x xpa6pm jyHagm cpucKm marm6e 'esa epneKa sojeKa , npouaAe R yraem ce R noe.leAEha spaKa epncue eao6oike. Typgm sem.6om R HapoAom sasAaAaine , sapo6mme ra , noTaa ,mme nop, esoj asmjaTeKm japaM noAsprome. ETO samTo x s6or Kora nponme e.71asa R cao6oAa , samTo nponaAe gapeTso epneKo Te Cp6mH oA Haje.ito6op,amjer rpa4aHmHa , HajHesasmeHmjer ApaRas.ihaamHa , noeTail,e Eajmuum po6 Hajseher TmpaHmHa, Hemso6pameHor ssepa Ams.6e xopAe asmjaTexe. „Ilorm6e.6 TBoja oA Te6e Hapam.Ly."

IlponaAe Apyro gapeTso epneso Ha 6ojHom KOCOBCKOM 110Jby, normđe gap, R3rm6onie xpa6pm 6opgm epnexn 6paHehm cao6oAy, m MH Ile BHAOCM0 y 6ojamm peAosmma : sojsoAy a.A6aHeKor,, 1111 Bamny sojsoAy , H 6aHa BeTe H lIpmmopja , He BRAOCM0 xpa6pe Xepgerosge EIRTH KHesa AaamanmeKor a HH ropAor 6aHa 6ocaHexor TspAKa , KOjH TaAa seh upa.rba Hocame. He Ao4e IIOMOh oA epoAHmx Byrapa, jep Marnmas 3CT Aasapes HeoApaca • Typexo rocnoAaperso.

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saAaTy pe ,1 ilasapy ; He npmTexorne 6mma y nomoh rocnoAapm Baaruxe m BorAaaexe, a ropAm Mavap aexTe, HH raaBy oxpeayTm Ha HOSHB, JlasapeB R ErponacT cpnexy. CBC TO ce6Ht1Ha 8aBlICT OTy411, CBH ce eBeirmme nponacTm gapeTBa .71asapeBa , a He nojmmme, A4 je mponacT epnexa, nponacT IblI cBmjy, xao LIITO hemo ma.2to AaJbe BRARTH. Typgm EroxopmBnim Cp6mjy , oAysem(m oHo Ma.710 cao6oAe 6yrapexe, a sa THM jeAHmm C&MO BOjeHHM II0X0AOM ce6m : Aađ aamjy , Maxe,4oHmjy , Eump, nmTomy 3eTy ca lipmmopjem, HerAarmby aenicy epnexy m Behy tiacT gprie rope. Maao Aogsmje xpeayme ce Ha 6oraTy 110HOCHy BOCHy. BeARICH Besep cyaTaHoB. Tex IIITO C Bojexom Ha raaemaag Ao4e, a ropAm xpa.6 6ocaaexa Toma noAHece my yeaoBe, Ho Bojmma my os yeTyna 6es 6oja BocHy H rbeHe xpamse, axo my AonyeTm, Aa ea CBOjOM ‹Dammamjom R eBojmm 6oraTCTBOM MoHce CA.0604H0 113 SeMJbe kl3ahH R y MaeTxe OACeARTH kl TO my 6fl AonyrnTeso. OH oA,e, a HapoA cpnexm, csa BocHa ca cBojmm B&CTM& R BaacTeagmhmma ocTa 6esraaBHa, ocTa 6es Bo4e, 6es vn-

10

paBxaqa, no„3,,maAe po6cTBa Typemor 6es R Hajmarber oTnopa. Jom oeTa Xepgeromma. Ona ce HexTeAe 6e3ycaoBao HOICOpHTH noBeamTedby meTosa, oaa my eTa,4e Ha oTnop. Ho mTa he jeAaH CTOTHEIR ylIHNHTM; sap je KaApa ulaKa ..71z.y4R cuamoj ocEtojatmoj BOjCIMI npoTHBCTaTN, Bojcgm Bepom (DaHaTmsmpaHoj, Bojegm Rojoj je ,4eBmsa: „oeBoj IIa rocnoAapm, oAyamm noxopeaoj pajm CBC IIITO RMa, yrimam je Hex TH po6yje , jep CH joj TH rocEroAap empTm I3 amBoTa." Ila4e H Xepgeromma, rtbmsAo epnexmx jyaaxa, xpa6pm 6opaga, Auxa H HOHOC epneTBa, Ao4e I3 oaa noA Ternam aaHag Typexor po6eTBa. 3ap ie ce Baamxa 8 MoaAaBmja, AaAma gmja N XpBaTexa, sap je ce caaBom saaerra ropAa Manapexa Heqem 6o.ibem HaAaTm Ermaaa ? Himaxo. Camo HeraTo Aogmmje , CBH OBH xpajeBm , CBC HOMellyTe ApaxaBe menyemme 6mq asmjaTexm, CBC noAnaAome no,4 pOUCTBO rpams.mmor Tytiosemga, Kojm noxopeny pajy He emaTparae xao caoBecaa eTBopeEba, Ho xao H ,4pyry 4ICHBOTHIby xpeTHBLIIM je mmeHom 4ayp — 6eseep. amx. — ETO IIITa y(IHETH 6paT OA 6paTa, ILITa 2*

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20

xpmruhamm oA xprunhamma, HojH jeAHor Bora H onmTer cnacHTe.7ba, Heyea XpmeTa Bepyjy ! PasABojmne ce y qacy onmTe onacHoeTH, eBeTHme ce jeAaH Apyrom, He enomme ce HaA Tpe đame, HanyeTHDie Amwher myxameAaHga,, Aa HomaA no KomaA sewhe OTICHAH, na Hajnocae CBH oeBojeHH noeTaAorne po6oBH HegyBeHOP ,TmpaHa, Bmhe Ha esom meeTy ynoTpe6.7BeHo, axo oBAe HaBeAemo THpi)e pa,?1,1,1 ropmmx 36mha Hapoffiby yspeimgy : „geo eBemaH3 npyha He mome ce noA Horom HajcHaacHmier npe1911111TH, a npyT 110 npyT Bp.710 ce aaxo .4.0MH H oHAa uponap,a geo eBemaffl". a jora jeAaH noraeA 6aguivlo Ha npouaay 4apeBHHy CpIICICy. Els saxoHmKa AymaHoBa saa ce, Aa ey no geaoj gapemum rberoBoj 6Hae BeAHKC BaacTeae H BaacTeaqmbH, aaH y RCTOpH 11-HRM onmemma HNrAe OA OBRX HH raaea HII Tpara He Haaasmmo y Aogamje Ao6a no Apyrmm meeTmma OCHM y BOCHH. A OBO TBpAH, Aa ey CBH, KOjH Ha 6oj KOCOBCICH Ao4ome HsrmHyaH, a 011H ms ApyrH OAII8AH 06.713CTH, ROjil Ba ROCOBCICH 6oj He A*me, Aa ey CBH matiem oeBajaqa meTpe6./LeHH. Ha IlpOTHB y BOCHR BHAHMO CBe BaacTeae ylIHHH

BaacTeaqHhe Ha CBOjHM 6amTHHama y npsom 6aaroeTan,y, mohkr na H BdaCTH, OA IC0j11X ce m AaHae noTomarca HaoAH , eamo y BepoHenoBeAH myxameAoHoj. OBO je oner ezkosas, Aa cy ce OHH Ha ripBa HO3HB CH.XHH% cyaTaHa CBH FICTyptIF1.7LH, camo Aa eBoja npeHmyheTBa, eBoje 6amTHHe, eBoje 6.7tarocTaIbe oApme. OHH ripeAnoeTaBHme CBOM yrop,Hom HCHBOTy eBojy Bepy , eBojy HapoAHocT. lloeTarne npopoxoBa noe.LeAoBaTeam a sa6opaBHme CBOP enaeaTe.iBa Heyea XpmeTa. OHH sa .7by6aB 6oraTeTBa m rocuoAeTBa noeTaAorae msAauge R 0Amerrmilw eBoje npaBoe.itaBae Bepe , eBoje Hap0AHOCTIL CaA hemo Aa npol>emo xpos geo HR3 roAHHa oA TO Ao6a na oBamo, oco6HTo BeK, Te Aa BHAHmo, xaxBe cy H0cAe4Hge Tora Typ ,reffla sa HR,poA epnercH menaae, Hao R TO intaa cy Typga cBaxy aAmHHHeTpaTHBHy 13.43CT y ApmaBH .71.asaCy CBOje HOARTHICe peBoj yHHIIITH.414 sa Ao6po Hammt. paArr LEITO Apyro H

Y CBRM paHHje oA 11,yrnaHoBa gapeTBa oArraaHm o6aacTmma, TypgH ey oAmax, =11131 Cy ICOjy noxopHam , 04140 1.18.7LR Cp6e no npHmepy Boese, eamo na ApyrH

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a y 4,pmaBn .7ta3apeBoj TO Hfficy o,4ma npeu38ma.71.H. Y OBOM npocTopy epnexe sem.be, Koja je cpe,4bpe,zi,a jp1cHor no.71.yoeTpoBa, Typim cy H OCTaBRAH Cp6Hma Bexe noB.7tacTune no4 AecnoTHma, Koje cy ce npelco 70 ro4HHa npHBH4Ho npoTesaJte, a OBO cy RB II0.7114THIIHe emoTpeHoeTH ,1141111.71.11; npso TITTO RM je nyflo 6H.A.o , xao npexo BeKor cHrypHor ocaom4a noy3,4aBnje casHaTH o6n.qaje R TealcH,e Hapo4i-be, a Apyro LuTo ey ce 6oja.7m noicpeTa H3 epeAkme jyHamcor uoRopeHor Hapo,4a epnexor. C KoHnem 1465. ro4,. 6H.7114 cy Typiw ea CBOiHM II0.71HTHIIHFIM Hasopuma rOTOBIL Y TO 406a yHI3LIITe OHH H nocaeArby BaacT Hapo4FET R y OBOM icoma4y 3em.7E,e, H eTaBe no4 je4aH HenoxpeTHH .7taHaH uie.7to AymaHoBo napeTBo ca ByrapcKoM, Teca.7mjom H CBHITM KpajeM 4o Ho.6exe rpaHHge, jep je ,4oT.Ae H ne.la Mavapexa ca OCTaAHM ayeTplajeicHm Hae.71,e4CTBeHIM icpyHommama saBojeBaBa Ii y pyicama H LI0,4 Baamhy Typeicom 6H.7ta. Ea4 emo 4oB4e icpaTicHm nper.71.e4om noBpruHo npeman ona,4affle H npona,4affle T4apeTBa epneicor H ca3Ha.7m r.7taBHe yspoice IC Tome, Hehe eyBHme 6RTH, axo npomoT-

pHmo eTame epnexor Hapo4a H Ao Baj4o14HHje 4o6a C OB011 r.71.e4HinTa y no.71.HTHquolvt o6sHpy. Hocae icocoBeice nponacTH B.71.a4a.7tH ey AecnoTH CpTICICH Hapo4om , saBncuo II0l1, TypeicHm ey./TaHHma 4o 1465. ro,4., 4ax.A.e nyHn '76 ro,4HHa, a o4 TO 4o6a 4o 1804. ro,4. T. j 339 rop,vma po6oBao je xapoA TypqEmy HenomHqHo 6e3 cBaKor noxpeTa. Fo4HHe 1804. npeHy H npo6y414 ce Hapo4 y KHeXZeBHHH Cp6HjH R3 BmneBexoBHor cHa H H3BaHpe4,Hram HariopHma H xpa6pHM jyHamTBomnsBojesa no4 ynpaBom jyHaqicor Kapaop4a ee6H cao6o4y. Ho 6am oH4a xa4 je TemekaiTo yTBpi4FITH mb.ame, B.7tacTo.7L,y6Hm3 ce613tmH Be.21141CaLIIII epnexg, eTamme Tome npenony THM, IIITO xTe4ome CBalCH y cBojoj Hamjil HesaBHeno B.71.a4aTH, H 86or Tora 4eBeToro4m.mba ca TOJLHICHM acpTBama H npo.7mBa1I;em xpBH eTeqeHa c.7Lo6o4a, Ha HajyHcacHHjH HaqHH npona4e. OneT nacTa4ome Tya-CHH 4aHa ca rposHIIM 4oT.7te HeqyBeHHm TapageTBom TypCICHM; jep nopeA, em4jy HO3HaTH Haen.7F,a, noueme mi4Be .7By4e Ha Ko.71.ag HaTngaTH, 4a THM mylcama ymHpy R Hapo4 ce epncicH oneT 1815. ro,AHHe sa e.7to6o4y .

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noAmme. IloA myApom ynpaBom jyHa.gsor Boe MH.71.0111a 06peHomaha ocAo6o4m ce Cp6ma poIIcTBa. Kile3 MIL)10121I ocHoBa ApacaBy C1311CRy H epneicm Hapo,zi, AoBeAe H nocTaBm y gBeTyhe 6.7tarocTaFbe. Ho y Bpeme AmBHor yacmBaffla cao6oAe npmAo6mBeHe, y BpeMe outnTer Hanperrica HapoAtzber, nojaBm ce oneT ce6mgHoeT BeamKaunca, H 1104 ynpaBom Tpeher cpucicor m3Aamge Bygmha nporHaute Beffincor oc.ito60,4mTe.iba HapoAffier Mmaoma , a nome Hele0 BpeMe H cEnta my icHesa MEixajaa y Tyl4HCTBO a ApmaBa epacica 1:104 Hee.itorom BeAmicauta OfleT noqe onaAaTm H nponaAaTm. C.itaBa HapoAy cpneicom R H,eroBoj CAO3H KojH 6e3 Beautcanucor ynamBa, oneT noBpaTET y cBojy epeAmHy ca emEtom sajeAao CBOP ms6aBuTeJba, H oc.ito6oAmTe.;ba icaesa MR.10111a, Te OBH oneT yTBpAmine Teme.y, epehm Hap0,1,11:>0i R eTBopmtne my join Behy cao6oAy, mHane 6H HapoA epnelcm H qeTBpTH nyT, 360r Ce6HqHOCTR H B.itacTo.7by6mja Beamicauncor noA po6cTso TypC1C0 BoAnao. OA ea,a, 6yAmmo nameTam 6paho Cp6o, mmajmo Bepy camo y Hatner salconor Baa,4aoga H3 HapoAlbe AmHaeTmje 06peHowtha,

a npeampmmo eBalcor oHor, ma 011 ko R Ecaso BeAus H 6oraT 6mo, icoja en.iteTice napTaje TajHum ntypoBaibem npaBm H Hapoit, pacua.Lyje, na maicap HaM R s.itaTua 6pAa o6ehaBa, jep je TO eBe .2taac, npeBapa x ce6mqHoeT, cy ce AocaA MHOPH Beamicamicm yuponacTmTe.ibm HapoAFbm c.ityxcm.71m.

Ha411H

BAaAe Typcxe HaA noAyocTpoeom

jywHilm y XIV. BeHy. TypIVI

110IIITO

Beamicy qacT EBp011e

rocaoAapeTBy, sa yclEIHRTH BaaAy eBojy AyroTpajEtom, Hayme geo jym1111 ITO.VOCTp0B ReTyptiHTH, sHajyhm , Aa he HM jyHaqHm HapoA oBora Fcpaja, npaBa Teme.71. R TBp4a npoeTpaHor gapeTBa 6HTH, a sa YeueTm ..7talcrue y OBOM CBOM BeAmicom npe,4ysehy, AaAy HajBehe TiEtHoBe R AocTojaHeTBa mcTyp ,leHmm AoTae B.2tacTeaama epnelcmm, nojm ey noTnyHge 311a.AH Ayx H 06Hilale HapoAEbe. lioTypqena Cp6m ea BeAmicom peBHoruhy npEtBaTe ce Tora nocAa, Aa eBe 110,V1H1:10 CBOM

26

xplimhaHe TqHHe ce6H paBHHma , Te Aa noAyoeTpoB UOCTaHe CJIaBeHCK0 gapCTBO Bepe myxameAoHe. A Aa 6H ce y TOM Aamme Hamepa noeTHr.Aa, ycBoje ee CBEI HapoArbm o6HilajH, N0jH Ce AoTwly ApyxaBonpaB..xeffia, npHme ce maore yeTaHoBe H3 samomma ,AymaHoBa, Hamme: ypeelbe THmapa H sxjameTe no npammy HaaeTeJta H BaaeTe.4mha AyinaHoBHx, eamo ea HsyseTKom Hae.6eAcTBeHoeTH, ByTHEIK HOjkI npe y rocTHOHHIV xapaBas, capaj — Ao4e , Aa Hma npetie upaBo Ha npeHohilmTe oA AogHHje Aomasmer, ma OH KO 6Ho, ApacaBaog, roeTHoHmge Aa 6yAe Aymaa cBe mTeTe nyTHHxy IIOAMHpHTH, moje 6H my ce oroAH.11e, AOK je oBaj yrberoBy eTaHy , uapmne Aa ce Han.7tahyjy camo oA OHHX ecuana , xojH ce y sem.m4 npoli,a,zky , a Ha npoBosHe eenane Aa ee mmaxBa gapHHa He Han.xabyje kl T. A. YBeAe ce Ha nopTH sa EBpony AkIIIAOmaTinHu jesnx epnexH H CJIaBeFICK13. CBH Be.,111KaIIIH gapeTBa , na H camm eyaTaHH mopaAH ey yqflTH eaaBeHexe jeauxe , xojuma H8 eamo IIITO ey ce y 3BallkIgHOM paAy CJVHCHAH, Hero ey Ha HCTHMa FI nowiaeTHge xao mTO CBeA0 1111 H8BOA H3 113AaBaHe ,

maeTatme 6H6aHjoTexe Apa ILIa( Đ apHxa y F.7taCHHxy VII. eTp. 219. BeamxamH gapeTBa oTomaHexor y XVI. Bexy gliCTe epnexe xpBH OBO ey: AxmeT Eger OrAH, Beamea PHgaH, BerHep6e ry đ epHaTop ypymewtHexa — UOTOM cepamhep Bojexe, KanyAaH-Hama — BeJIMICH aAmmpa.A. R BajlIOCJIM Be..7tHEH BesHp H seT eyaTaHoB. OBaj je Be.itHxam CTeBaH CHH Epgera Kocaqe a 6paT Epgera Ritanca, gHe•H oBejaHH Cp6Ha epgeroBag. MyeTa(pa nama m AxmeT 3aAe. HpBH je 6Ho cepaMhep, .7Ly6Hmag gapexa H HajE~Hja JIIPIHOCT Ha HopTH it 3E3T ey.nTaHOB. OH je poAom Cp6HH no HmeHy MaxCHM IIpHojeBnh, CHEI HBaHa LIpHojeBHha roeuoAapa IIpHe rope H 6pAa. A ApyrH AxmeT 3aAe — KojH je xao Beaaxam nopTe, pa3HHM sBaHHjama oAauxoBaH, poAom je Cp6HH H3 ,ZI,yxahHHa , saTo ce H nosHBao AXMeT BaJle Apeabff Hag. 146pamm nama BeARKH BesHp , poAom je rpx. MyeTa(Da nama, PHgaa, eepamhep Bojexe, Cp6HH je poAom H3 BoeHe. Aj%e nama, qHHOM BesHp H xa6HHeTCICH gapexH. caBeTHHH, p0,3,0M je Cp611H H3

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28

Aa6aHHje. OH je umao maTep Kaa.y1)epHu f y eBaxe joj je roArme un4.2bao no 100 Ay aT a Ha TpowaK. AaH nama, najnpe ara elbusapeKH, noTOM cepaMkep BojeKe , Eoja noKopm YEIrapcxy a Bajnocae Be.nxKH BesHp, popm je Cp6km E13 /1,R.itmaue nje. (I)epxap, nama, pHvaa. u,apeTBa H ara effiwiapeKH, 3e,T eyaTaila CyaejmaHa, Cp6HH je, poAom H3 XpBaTeKe. MyxameA COKOJLOBHh., HajAap01311THig ApmaBHHK gapeTBa, eepamkep BojeKe Txsy Yurapuje, no6eAuTe.7b CH61411,9., saTHm 133 BocHe, BeJLHKH BesHp, poAom je Cp6ran gapeTBa. OH BeJLHKH BaacTeaa A y malioB a MJLeTWIICHM je Kao BeauKu Besup KasHBao HocaaHun,uma , ezi,a je oA epnexe KpBH . BeJLHKH BeaoseAcnTpKH,ao noA C.AaBelICTBO Aa ce 139A14, sup Ha TOM jeAny B.itaAy CUOH na ma Koja BepoucaoBeA roenoAapetia MexmeA Asaanja H Myerra