Consulting Math Drills Chart Questions v8.3 PDF [PDF]

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Consulting Math Drills Chart Questions

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Chart Questions

Consulting Math Drills – Chart Questions

Practice Package Overview and Instructions This practice package has been developed to provide samples of the actual Math calculations candidates have to perform throughout the Management Consulting Recruiting process including the entrance tests (E.g.: McKinsey Problem Solving Test, BCG Potential Test) and Case Interviews. This package assesses your ability to accurately and quickly calculate chart-based and exhibit-based business math problems. This practice package contains 100 questions and 34 Charts and Exhibits. All questions in this package are based on charts or exhibitions. Users have to extract conceptual and quantitative data from various real consulting charts and exhibits and perform calculations upon them. Remember that of the two criteria (1) accuracy and (2) quickness, accuracy is more important in case interviews. Interviewers would rather allow more time for candidates to perform calculations correctly than get quick but wrong answers. In entrance tests (McKinsey PST or BCG Potential Test), a balanced approach should be targeted. Since the time allowed in those tests are very tight, slowing down to get perfectly accurate answers may not be beneficial. While completing this practice package, do no use any electronic devices (e.g., calculator, computer) when performing calculations to answer the questions. Depending on your purpose of using this package (for Case Interview Prep or for Entrance Test Prep), the appropriate methods of using this package are different. Case Interview Prep: Practice 1 case (3 or 4 questions per case) at a time. Target 100% accuracy. Any score less than 100% is considered as failed. When you can consistently pass cases, try to reduce the time. You may practice calculating out loud as if you were presenting your calculation to interviewers. Entrance Test Prep (McKinsey PST or BCG Potential Test): Also practice 1 case at a time. Only allow yourself 3-6 minutes per case (start with a longer time then gradually moving down). Then try to increase the number of correct answers within the pretargeted time allowed. Please let us know if you have any questions or suggestions. Good luck with your studies and career!

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Chart Questions Case 1: The Chemistry of Employee Enthusiasm Based on a Bain & Company research Organizations have been trying for years to cultivate employee engagement. Over the past seven years, companies with highly engaged workers grew their revenues two and a half times as much as those with low engagement levels. Additionally, stocks of companies with a high-trust work environment outperformed market indexes by a factor of three from 1997 through 2011. A survey was conducted in 2011 to measure how often an employee recommends his / her own company as a place to work to friends and family. Exhibit 1.1 Employee Net Promoter* by Region

* Note: n = 5,102; Employee Net Promoter Score = % Promoter - % Detractor; Response categorized as Promoter (9-10), Passives (7-8), or Detractor (1-6) for the following question: ―On the scale of 0 to 10, how much would you recommend your company as a place of work to a friend or family member?‖ 1.1: Suppose the overall Net Promoter score is negative 11%. What is the best estimate of the number of respondents in North America? 1.2: What is the best estimate of the average rating of European respondents on a scale of 0 to 10 on the question ―how much would you recommend your company as a place of work to a friend or family member‖? 1.3: If we re-categorized ―Promoter‖ as 7 or above and ―Detractor‖ as 6 or below, by how many percentage points would the Europe Net Promoter score increase?

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Chart Questions Case 2: Aircraft manufacturing cost structure Based on a McKinsey & Company research Demand for aircrafts in emerging countries is surging. Naturally, these countries also want a piece of the process as suppliers of higher-value components—and eventually as assemblers of aircrafts. Currently, the chief attraction of these nations, especially China and India, as suppliers is lower labor costs. The cost of labor, which on average is three to five times lower in these countries than it is in the developed world, makes emerging markets attractive for labor-intensive maintenance and repair services. Presented in Exhibit 2 is the aircraft manufacturing cost structure comparison between high-cost countries and low-cost countries in 2012: Exhibit 2 Aircraft manufacturing cost structure comparison

* Notes: Index: 100 = current costs in high-cost countries 1 Management complexity, risk, supply chain complexity 2 Landed costs include inbound transportation costs-e.g., duties, taxes.

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Chart Questions

2.1: Suppose the world’s materials cost decreased by 10%, but the labor cost in low-cost countries increased by 20% (other costs remaining unchanged). How many percent would the total cost in low-cost countries be equal to that in high-cost countries? (Round up your answer to whole percent point) 2.2: Suppose the world average labor cost is 23 and there are 200 countries in the world divided into either high-cost or low-cost countries with the cost structure presented on the exhibit 2. How many low-cost countries are there in the world? 2.3: Suppose there were 180 countries surveyed, in which the number of low-cost countries was 25% higher than that of high-cost countries. What would be the world’s average aircraft manufacturing cost? (Rounded up to the nearest whole number)

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Chart Questions Case 3: The Era of Digital Health Based on a Bain & Company research The advent of digital health can provide the information and connectivity the potential to change the setting of where and how care is delivered, how data is collected and used, how care may be managed against well-defined standards of care, how drugs and devices will be evaluated by payers, and how patients themselves may use the new integrated information to choose providers and treatments. A research on a Bahrain population sample was conducted by a Bain & Company team on how digital health will facilitate three fundamental shifts in healthcare, one of which is bending the cost curve in the next decade. The result is presented in Exhibit 3 below: Exhibit 3 Average Healthcare Costs Reduction

3.1: How many percent can full potential digital health adopters reduce the average healthcare costs per capita annually?

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Chart Questions

3.2: Assume that the current population of Bahrain is 1.2M people, in which: 30% receives full digital healthcare 21% adopts digital healthcare services of successful management of high-cost patients 37% adopts digital healthcare services of great delivery system optimization The rest receives services with no advancement to digital healthcare. How many percent will the annual total healthcare costs be reduced for the overall population of Bahrain? (Assume the sample does represent the whole population) 3.3: Of the three advancement levers, management of high-cost patient efficiency is the only one that can reduce even more than what is shown on the chart. Regarding information provided in the previous question, if we want to increase the total annual healthcare cost savings by 5 percentage points, how much (in dollars) does management of high-cost patient efficiency need to reduce further?

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Chart Questions Case 4: Mobile-money Perception Ladder Based on a McKinsey & Company research A research has been conducted on the perception of mobile-money on a sample size of 184 participants in the Philippines. Exhibit 4 shows a funnel-like data presentation of the survey results. Exhibit 4 Comparison of mobile-money awareness and perception, share of participants responding positively (n = 184 Philippines), %

4.1: Assume that the population of Philippines is 90 million, what is the best estimate of the number of people frequently using mobile-money in the country? 4.2: If we want to increase the percentage of people intending to try mobile-money to 14%, what would the percentage of people who are aware of mobile-money have to be? Assume that all current conversion rates stay the same. 4.3: It is projected that the number of people considering mobile-money will increase to 32.4 million in the following year. What is the growth rate of this group?

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Chart Questions Case 5: BRIC Truck Markets Based on a BCG research A research has been conducted to find out how the BRIC truck markets will shift over the 2010 2020 decade. Exhibit 5 presents how surveyed customers rank their criteria when considering purchasing a truck and projects the market shares of each segment in BRIC markets (the BRIC countries include Brazil, Russia, India, and China) Exhibit 5 BRIC Truck Markets Trending

5.1: How many percentage points has the Low cost segment’s market share been decreasing from 2010 to 2020 according to Exhibit 5? 5.2: What is the growth rate (in percentage) of the Midmarket segment between 2010 and 2020? 5.3: Of the rise (number of trucks) of Midmarket segment between 2010 and 2020, what portion (in %) is caused by market growth and what portion is caused by segment growth?

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Chart Questions 5.4: A rating system has been developed based on customer criteria shown on Exhibit 5 to rate the attractiveness level of particular trucks. The importance level of each criterion is translated into criteria weight in such a way that the importance level and criteria weight are perfectly correlated. Which is relatively more important (more weight in each particular year)? TCO & quality in 2010 vs. Engine power in 2020 Attractive styling in 2010 vs. Driver comfort in 2020 Service coverage in 2010 vs. Safety features in 2020

5.5: Two trucks were rated from 0 to 10 using the 8 criteria as follows (with 10 being perfect):

Toyota Tacoma Cadillac Escalade

Customer rating, Toyota Tacoma vs. Cadillac Escalade Purchase Engine TCO& Technical Driver Safety Service Attractive price power quality innovation comfort features coverage styling 8 6 7 6 6 5 8 6 3

8

9

7

8

8

6

8

Suppose that the customer rating for each car is identical in 2010 and 2020. Which of the above trucks is preferred in 2010 and 2020?

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Chart Questions

Case 6: China Online User Based on a McKinsey & Company research A research has been conducted to find out how the internet is being more influenced by video content. Exhibit 6 shows some data of China, one of the world’s biggest internet markets. Exhibit 6 China’s online video users*, 2006-15, millions

* Internet users who watched online video content in the past 6 months. 6.1: What is the best estimate of the market size of the Internet in China (measured by number of users) in 2015? 6.2: By How many percent did the number of internet users grow in 2011? 6.3: Did the number of online video users grow slower than the number of internet users at any point? If yes, when?

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Chart Questions Case 7: European Mobile Phone Usage Based on a McKinsey & Company research A research has been conducted to find out the usage share of different segments of mobile-phone users in Europe. Exhibit 7 Key segment characteristics, share of usage (n = 20,101 European mobile-phone users), %

7.1: How many non-traditionalist mobile-phone users are there in Europe? 7.2: What is the appropriate ranking (from highest to lowest) for voice usage per user for the 4 major segments? 7.3: What is the appropriate ranking (from highest to lowest) for data usage by time per user for the 4 major segments? 7.4: What is the appropriate ranking (from highest to lowest) for data usage by MB per user for the 4 major segments?

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Chart Questions Case 8: Future Growth in Chinese Consumption Based on a BCG research A research has been conducted on the growth of the population and consumption in China, the sample placed in small and big urban cities only. The survey result is summarized in the chart below: Exhibit 8 Survey result on Future Growth of Chinese Consumption, 2013

* Notes: MACs = middle-class and affluent consumers; all survey results data are included in the exhibit. 8.1: Assume that the urban population of China in 2012-2013 was approximately 15M people, 65% of which took part in the survey, and the total annual urban consumption of China in 2012 was $25 billion. On average, how many USD did each MAC spend in 2012? 8.2: Assume that the total annual urban consumption of China is to be increased to $48 billion in 2020. Which portion of the increase amount is to be generated by middle-class and affluent people?

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Chart Questions 8.3: Assume that of the people taking part in the survey, 35% were in the age group of 35-44 and they were divided equally between big and small cities. Did the number of people with increasing or stable spending increase or decrease, and by how many percent? 8.4: Not considering the assumptions given in previous questions and only regarding Exhibit 8, which of the following is a TRUE conclusion? You may want to read more on the topic “fact-based conclusion vs unproven conclusion” available on our website at: http://www.mconsultingprep.com/problem-solving-test/how-toprepare/fact-based-conclusion/

A. The increasing value in consumption in both big and small cities is correlated to the increasing number in population of the respective cities from 2012 to 2020. B. The number of non MACs is decreasing, causing a negative impact on their consumption growth rate. C. The age group of 18-34 is the only group that has seen a positive impact on their consumption growth. D. The number of surveyed people saying their spending will decrease is smaller than the number of those saying their spending will increase or stay the same.

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Chart Questions Case 9: Future Growth in Chinese Consumption Based on a BCG research A recent BCG research has been conducted on the massive trends in performance over the past ten years in the engineering, construction and service industry in a group of countries. Exhibit 9 presents the collected data as below: Exhibit 9 Average size of all infrastructure projects, indexed to 2005

* Notes: The quartiles are defined each year by project size. 9.1: By How many percent was the average size of all infrastructure projects (ASAIP) in the first quartile of 2009 higher/lower than the annual ASAIP in 2009?

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Chart Questions 9.2: Given that the total number of infrastructure projects in 2006 was two thirds that of 2007. What was the best estimate of the growth rate of the total value of all infrastructure projects from 2006 to 2007? 9.3: Given that the real (ASAIP) in the first quartile of 2005 was $160 million. The projected ASAIP in the first quartile of 2014 is 240, indexed to 2005. Of the projected number of 50 infrastructure projects in the first quartile of 2014, 30% is refinery projects with an average value of 115 million USD per project. By How many percent would the average value (in million USD) of each refinery project have to increase if we want to increase the total value of all infrastructure projects in the first quartile of 2014 by 25%?

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Chart Questions Case 10: Consumers’ Perception of Online Media Based on a BCG research In a recent BCG research on the perception of online media conducted on citizens of a number of countries in the world, a detailed profile for the Czech Republic illustrating Czech consumers’ perspectives on the media and the perceived value from the sector is found. The profile is presented in Exhibit 10.1 and Exhibit 10.2: Exhibit 10.1 Numbers and types of devices owned and to be owned by Czech consumers

Given that the survey is conducted on a sample of 13,200 Czech consumers. 10.1: Of all respondents to the survey, 18% currently own 1 device and no respondent owns 0 device. How many desktops are currently owned by those who only own 1 device? 10.2: Assume that of the total number of respondents who expect to own 3-5 devices in 3 years, 30% chose 3 devices and 18% chose 5 devices. How many smartphones are to be owned by this group in 3 years?

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Chart Questions

Exhibit 10.2 Average annual consumer surplus per connected consumer by media category (€)

10.3: Based on Exhibit 10.2: If a connected Czech consumer spends approximately €350 on both online and offline media, what is the best estimate of his perceived value for each branch of media?

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Chart Questions Case 11: Landed cost of LNG Based on a McKinsey & Company research Recently, a research has been conducted on the impacts that relevant parties’ actions have on the standardized landed cost of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LNG sector) in several countries. Exhibit 11.1 summarizes the data, taking the cost in Canada as the benchmark, as follows: Exhibit 11.1 Reduction impacts on the standardized landed cost of LNG, $/mmbtu

* Notes: mmbtu is a traditional measurement unit of energy. 11.1: How many percent is the initial unit cost savings decreased by the total individual impacts? 11.2: Assume that policy makers take no action, by how many percent is the maximum realistic unit landed cost higher/lower than the current average unit landed cost in Canada?

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Chart Questions Case 12: Indian Banking Market Based on a McKinsey & Company research Recently, a research has been conducted on the market valuing trend for 2 groups of banks in India: Attackers (new private and foreign banks) and Incumbents (old private and public sector banks) from 2000 to 2007. Exhibit 12 represents all data as follows: Exhibit 12 Comparison of metrics measuring the market share of Indian banking market, 2000 – 2007

* Notes: P/BV = Price to Book Value ratio P/E = Price to Earnings ratio 12.1: How many percent did Attackers’ assets grow from 2000 to 2007? 12.2: Assume that the ROE (Return on Equity ratio, or Profit / Equity) of Incumbents in 2007 was about 12%. What portion (in %) of the total assets of Incumbents in 2007 is financed through equity?

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Chart Questions 12.3: Given that the P/E ratio of a company equals to Price per share / Earnings per share, and the Market cap is equal to the total price value of all shares. What portion (in %) of Profits of Attackers was not accounted as ―Total Earnings‖ in 2007?

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Chart Questions Case 13: Countries Priorities Ranking Based on a BCG research Recently BCG has collaborated with the World Economic Forum to conduct a survey on the most important dimensions of value by different country types. Respondents were asked to rank dimensions of priority for their country. Collected data are presented as the percentage of times that each dimension was ranked 1st or 2nd in Exhibit 13 below: Exhibit 13 Ranking of Priory Dimensions (based on percentage of times ranked 1st and 2nd), %

* Notes: Country Classification is based on World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Index. Assume that there were 2,600 respondents who joined the survey, of which a quarter is from factor-driven countries and half of the rest from innovation-driven countries. 13.1: Which country type has the most respondents ranking Employment 1st and 2nd? 13.2: In total, how many respondents ranked Social 1st and 2nd? 13.3: Let’s say there were 350 respondents from efficiency-driven countries ranking downstream 1st and 2nd. All other information remaining the same, what is the total number of respondents who joined the survey?

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Chart Questions Case 14: The US as one of the Developed World’s Lowest-cost Manufacturers Based on a BCG research According to a recent BCG research, the US now has a distinct production cost advantage compared to other developed economies that are leading manufacturers. There are three key drivers of this cost advantage. Exhibit 14 presents the projected data below: Exhibit14 Average projected manufacturing cost structures of the major exporting nations relative to the US, 2015

14.1: Comparing the cost in the US with the average cost in other countries, by how many percent is the cost in the US lower? 14.2: By How many percent is labor cost in Italy projected to be higher than in the UK? 14.3: If the average cost of a unit of manufacturing in Japan is 210 USD, what would be the average cost of a unit of manufacturing (in Euro) in France? Given that 1 Euro = 1.34 USD.

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Chart Questions Case 15: Innovative Companies Based on a BCG research BCG has been running a survey every two years to find the most innovative companies worldwide. Among the many indicators of the current and future robustness of the innovation environment, two of the most critical indicators include the relative priority of innovation and the outlook for increased innovation spending over the coming years. A comparison of the 2010 and 2012 lists shows a sharp shift as presented in Exhibit 15. Exhibit 15 Breakdown of 2012’s 30 most innovative company

15.1: In which industry has there been the most turbulence (measured by the difference in the number of companies of the particular industry between the 2010 and 2012 list)? 15.2: Which industry has the highest percentage of the companies being completely new? 15.3: Which industry has the third most companies featured in the 2010 list?

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Chart Questions Case 16: Emerging-market cities Based on a BCG research A large portion of the world population is already in emerging-market cities and this trend will continue even further in the future. Exhibit 16 shows the historical and projected population growth of different segments. Exhibit 16 Population growth

16.1: Precisely, how many people will be living in all rural areas in 2030? (Precise to millions people) 16.2: What is the overall growth rate of the world population outside developed-market cities (not the annual growth rate) between 2010 and 2030? 16.3: What is the approximate overall growth rate of the world population between 2030 and 2050?

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Chart Questions Case 17: Australian International Education Based on a BCG research Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States have been the top three study abroad destinations for decades thanks to their advanced education systems and English-speaking environments. Exhibit 17 shows the comparison between the three countries in terms of pricing and share of higher-education commencements. Exhibit 17 Pricing and Share of HE commencements comparison

17.1: What is the UK’s approximate share of the three-country total of HE commencements in 2009? 17.2: Rank the higher education price from highest to lowest between the three countries in 2009 and 2011. 17.3: The average price of Higher education in the US in 2005 was $30 thousand per year. What was the approximate price of Higher education price in Australia and the UK in 2005? 17.4: In 2009, there were approximately 194 thousand international higher education commencements the US. In 2011, there were approximately 308.5 thousand international higher education commencements in the UK. How much (in percent) has the number of commencements in Australia been growing from 2009 to 2011?

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Chart Questions Case 18: Study abroad This case is based on a BCG research Studying abroad has been increasingly popular worldwide nowadays. The student flow has been increasing not only in quantity but also in diversity of sources and destinations. Exhibit 18 shows a snapshot of the student flow in 2009. Exhibit 18

18.1: How many percent of international higher education students in the US are from Asia? 18.2: ―At least half of international higher education students in France are from Africa‖. This statement is true or false? 18.3: It is projected that in the next 3 years, the number of international higher education students in Australia will increase by 15% and one fifth of the increasing amount are from China. By How many percent will the number of international higher education students from China in Australia increase?

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Chart Questions Case 19: Chinese Internet Users Based on a BCG research The Internet is increasingly becoming a staple in the everyday life of Chinese consumers across a wide spectrum of lifestyles and incomes. Exhibit 19 breaks down Chinese Internet users into segments with data insights to showcase the growth rate and potential of each group. Exhibit 19 Chinese Internet User Growth by Segment, 2008 – 2011 – 2015 estimate, millions

* Notes: - Internet users are defined as individuals aged 6 and older. - The total number of urban residents is greater than the sum of urban residents by segment because it includes children between the ages of 6 and eleven. Teenagers are individuals aged from 12 to 18. 19.1: What is the nation’s overall penetration rate of Internet users in 2011? 19.2: What was China’s total population of teenagers and university students in 2011? 19.3: What was the projected number of middle-aged Internet users in 2013? 19.4: Given that the nation’s overall penetration rate of Internet users in 2014 is 42%, what is the projected Chinese population in 2014?

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Chart Questions Case 20: Indian Consumers Are Being Digitally Influenced Based on a BCG research A recent BCG research on capitalizing India’s digitally influenced consumers has shown that digital penetration and influence will increase and have a significant impact on consumer spending in the near future. Data is shown in Exhibit 20 below: Exhibit 20 “Digitally-influenced” Consumer Spending in India, 2012 - 2016

20.1: What is the growth rate of Population with Internet access from 2012 to 2016? What portion (in %) of the increasing number is caused by national population growth and what portion is caused by the population with Internet access segment growth? 20.2: By how many percent will total spending per urban person with Internet access increased from 2012 to 2016? 20.3: Given that the spending amount by the rural population with Internet access in 2012 was $55 billion and it is projected that the annual growth rate of spending per consumer with Internet access from 2012 to 2016 is 6%. What is the average spending amount per consumer with Internet access in 2016?

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Chart Questions Case 21: Potential Growth of the Truck Sales Market in BRIC Region Based on a BCG research In 2012, a BCG research was conducted on the potential growth of the truck industry in 4 developing markets, including Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC). Exhibit 21 shows that the countries have experienced tremendous growth over recent years and are expected to continually experience huge growth in the future. Exhibit 21 Volume & Revenue from BRIC truck sales, 2010 – 2020

*Note: CAGR: compound annual growth rate.

21.1: Calculate the best estimate of Revenue from the Chinese truck sales market in 2017. 21.2: Approximately what was the average price of a truck sold in the Brazilian truck sales market in 2013? 21.3: Suppose that in the Russian truck market, there were 2 dominant manufacturers which, in 2010, accounted for 48% and 41% of the total market revenue, respectively. The remaining 11% in the total revenue belonged to other small suppliers. Suppose that in 2012, a newly-entered manufacturer started to sell its trucks at a unit price of €56,850. Assume the 2 dominant producers’ annual revenue has experienced a steady growth rate of 13% and 16%, respectively

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Chart Questions and the other existing suppliers 4% since 2010, how many trucks did the new manufacturer sell in 2012?

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Chart Questions Case 22: Research and Projections of the World’s Banking Industry in 2015 Based on a McKinsey & Company research A recent McKinsey research has investigated into some big projections in banking sales. Exhibit 22 provides data and projections of global banking transactions (consisting of transactions carried out via digital systems only, branches only or via multichannel forms) in 2010 and 2015.

Exhibit 22 Retail distribution profile of the world’s banking industry

* Notes: - Simple/ small ticket: small-value transactions. - Complex/ large ticket: big-value transactions - Conversion ratio: the ratio of calls to actual transactions. - FTE (full-time equivalent): the amount of workload equivalent to one full-time or two part-time workers. - Multichannel transactions are those conducted via both branches and digital systems.

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Chart Questions 22.1: There were 345,600 billion transactions/ info requests via multichannel forms in 2010 and 6,620 billion requests via branches only are forecasted for 2015. By how many percent is the number of digital requests projected to increase from 2010 to 2015? 22.2: On average, 2.8 people out of 100 customers doing banking transactions make complaints and this ratio has remained the same over the years. What would the world’s total number of simple/ small ticket transactions be in 2015? Assume that in this year, there would be 597 billion complaints made via branches only and the total number of complex/ large transactions would take up 35% of total transactions. 22.3: The average ratio of part-time to full-time workers is 1:2 in a typical bank branch. In 2010, the ratio of small transactions to large ones was 5:8 and the multichannel large transaction number was 12,000 billion. Given that there were 460 million banking clients that year, what was the average number of banking transactions that a full-time banking worker proceeded?

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Chart Questions Case 23: Medical Travel Across the Globe Based on a McKinsey & Company research Medical travel has captured the world’s attention and imagination over recent years. A McKinsey research has been conducted to investigate the market of medical travel and its trend across the globe. Below is a mapping of the market of medical travel all over the world, by point of origin in 2013.

Exhibit 23 Mapping of medical travel across the globe by point of origin, 2013

Given that:

- Total number of the world’s medical travelers in 2013: 45 million - Medical travelers, % of the world’s total number, by geography: Asia: 32%, Europe: 14%, North America: 22%, Middle East: 15%, Africa: 7%, Latin America: 8%, Oceania: 2%.

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Chart Questions 23.1: What is the number of people traveling from Asia to North America to get medical treatment in 2013? 23.2: By How many is the number of medical travelers from the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region to Asia greater/smaller than that of medical travelers from the same region to Europe? 23.3: It is projected that the number of medical travelers from Asia to other continents would decrease by 8% in 2014 thanks to medical technologies’ improvement within the region. What would be the best estimate of the number of medical travelers from Asia to countries within the region in 2014? Given that the total number of world medical travelers in 2014 would increase by 14% compared to 2013 and the percentage of Asian medical travelers would increase to 35%.

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Chart Questions Case 24: Structural Shift of some Asian nations’ economy Based on a McKinsey & Company research Below are Exhibit 24 and Table 24 presenting data of GDP and sector shares by a number of selected Asian countries in 1965 and 2010: Exhibit 24 A comparison of sector share of GDP, %, by country, between 1965 and 2010

Table 24 GDP by country, 1965 - 2010 Country Myanmar Indonesia Thailand Malaysia Philippines China South Korea

GDP in 1965 (US$ billion, rounded) 2.2 5.1 3.9 2.9 5.3 58.6 3.4

GDP in 2010 (US$ billion, rounded) 41.6 709.1 318.9 248.2 199.6 5,930.5 834.1

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Chart Questions 24.1: What was the growth rate of Thailand’s service sector from 1965 to 2010? 24.2: Rank the growth rate of the industry sector from 1965 to 2010 of all countries in the research, from lowest to highest. 24.3: Consider all countries in the research a united region. What was the economic structure of this region in 2010?

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Chart Questions Case 25: Tourism spending in the UK Based on a Deloitte research A recent Deloitte research has been conducted to explore the potential of tourism industry in the UK. Below are some types of data from the findings of the research.

Exhibit 25 Tourism spending structure in the UK, by region

25.1: Calculate the percentage of total tourism spending in each region in the UK. 25.2: What is the value (in £ billion) of international tourism spending in each region in the UK? 25.3: The ―total international tourism spending‖ makes up how many percent of the ―total tourism spending‖ in the UK?

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Chart Questions Case 26: Consumer Electronics Industry Based on an Accenture research In the beginning of 2014, an Accenture survey was conducted about the consumer electronics industry. The survey polled 6,020 consumers in six countries on their usage and buying intentions for numerous consumer electronics devices. Presented below is the data collected from the survey. Exhibit 26 Buying intentions of consumers for numerous consumer electronics devices, N = 6,020

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Chart Questions

Assume that: - All surveyed consumers will actually buy 1 new device like they planned by the end of 2014 - For consumers who plan to buy 1 new device in addition, each of them only own 1 current device of the same type. - For consumers who plan to buy 1 new device as a replacement, their old device of the same type will not be counted.

26.1: What is the number of surveyed consumers who plan to buy a tablet in the next 12 months as a replacement? 26.2: By the end of 2014, what is the total number of smartphones owned by the surveyed consumers who plan to buy a smartphone in the next 12 months? 26.3: What is the total number of devices bought by the surveyed consumers as a replacement?

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Chart Questions Case 27: Employment Structure by Education Level Based on a research of Harvard Graduate School of Education A research was conducted by a group of researchers at the Harvard Graduate School of Education in 2007, about the employment structure by education level in America. Exhibit 27 shows the data collected as follows: Exhibit 27 Employment Structure by Education Level in America, 1973 – 2007

27.1: Calculate the number of workers with a Bachelor’s Degree or higher in America in 1973. 27.2: By how many percent was the number of workers at higher educational levels than high school graduates employed in America increased in 2007, compared to that of 1973? 27.3: In 2007, it was projected that the CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of the number of workers attending some college but with no degree would be 12% from 2007 to 2010. In 2010, the total number of people employed in America was 205 million. What was the best estimate of the percentage of this group of workers in the total number of people employed in America in 2010?

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Chart Questions Case 28: China: The Age of the Affluent Based on a BCG research Despite a slowdown, China is projected to soon become the world’s second largest consumer market. Today’s affluent consumers will drive half of this growth. By 2020, this group is expected to be 280 million. The profile of the affluent class changes overtime as affluent consumers become wealthier. Exhibit 28 presents the data that prove the conclusion. Exhibit 28 Profile of the affluent class in China, 2011 - 2020

28.1: Assume that the expected number of ―veteran‖ affluent consumers in 2020 is 185% higher than that of 2011, what was the total number of affluent consumers in 2011? 28.2: Today, the number of affluent consumers who are private-business employees from 18 to 24 years old is 3.25 million, 15% lower than that of those from 25 to 34 years old. What is the number of today’s affluent consumers who are state-owned enterprise employees from 25 to 34 years old? 28.3: Total number of today’s affluent consumers who are business owners is 58.8 million, of which 55% is from 35 to 44 years old. Calculate the total number of today’s affluent consumers who are state-owned enterprise employees from 35 to 44 years old.

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Chart Questions Case 29: Travel and Tourism in China Based on a BCG research A BCG survey showed that the rapidly rising demand for travel in China exposes a great market for travel and tourism in China. Not only travel within China but also foreign trips are shooting up at least over the next decade. Exhibit 29 presents the profile of travel and tourism in China and its market value from 2010 to 2020.

Exhibit 29 Profile of travel & tourism in China, 2010 - 2020

29.1: What would be the best estimate of the average market value per travel trip in 2012? 29.2: By how many percent would the market value per an outbound travel be increased / decreased from 2010 to 2020? 29.3: The findings in this research indicated that by 2020, 25% of international travelers arriving in Japan will come from China. In 2020, 6% of all outbound travel trips from China will have Japan as the destination. What is the best projected number of total international travelers arriving in Japan in 2020?

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Chart Questions Case 30: Youth Education in Europe Based on a McKinsey & Company research A McKinsey research was conducted to investigate youth education in Europe in 2012-2013. Exhibit 30 shows the breakdown of data collected from 4 thousand respondents from a number of European countries, regarding their education level and self-assessed family income level.

Exhibit 30 Segmentation of education level and family income level of 4 thousand respondents from some European countries, 2012-2013

30.1: Italian vocational respondents accounted for 12% of all vocational respondents to the survey. What is the number of Italian vocational respondents? 30.2: By how many is the number of ―high school completion‖ respondents higher/lower than that of ―some college/associate’s degree or higher‖ respondents? 30.3: 63% of respondents at the vocational level said that their family income level is about average and four fifths of the rest (of respondents in vocational level) said they were below the

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Chart Questions national average. What is the number of vocational respondents with the family income level above the national average?

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Chart Questions

Answer Key

Case 1: The Chemistry of Employee Enthusiasm 1.1:

3,827 respondents from North America

Net Promoter Score in North America: - 3% Net Promoter Score in Europe: - 34% The overall Net Promoter Score is - 11%, roughly 1/4 way from -3% to -34%. Therefore, roughly 3/4 of the total weight is from North America. Take 3/4 times the total 5,102 respondents; we can estimate that there are 3,827 respondents from North America.

1.2:

5.8

19% of European respondents gave an average rating of ~9.5 (average of 9-10 range). 53% of European respondents gave an average rating of ~3.5 (average of 1-6 range). The rest (28%) of European respondents gave an average rating of ~7.5 (average of 7-8 range). Taking the weighted average of the three groups, we get an overall average European rating of 5.8.

1.3:

28 percent points

28% of European respondents gave a passive rating (7-8). If this group is moved into the promote group, the Net Europe Promoter Score will increase by 28%. (Net Promoter Score = % Promoter - % Detractor)

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Chart Questions

Case 2: Aircraft manufacturing cost structure 2.1:

81.05%

According to the assumptions, the world’s new material cost would be 50 * 0.90 = 45 and the new labor cost in low-cost countries would be 10 * 1.2 = 12. Thus, the new total cost in high-cost countries = 100 – 5 = 95 and the new total cost in low-cost countries = 80 – 5 + 2 = 77 So, the new total cost in low-cost countries = (77/95) = 81.05% the new total cost in high-cost countries.

2.2:

96

Let X be the number of low-cost countries in the world, so (200-X) is the number of high-cost countries. We have the equation: [10 * X + 35 * (200 – X)] / 200 = 23

10X – 35X + 7000 = 4600

25X = 2400

X = 96

So, there are 96 low-cost countries in the world.

2.3:

83.3

Let X be the number of low-cost countries in the survey, so (180 – X) high-cost countries in the surveys. We have: X = 125% * (180 – X) Solving this equation, we get X = 100. So, there were 100 low-cost countries and 80 high-cost countries in the survey. The world’s average aircraft manufacturing cost then equals: (100 * 70 + 80 * 100) / 180 = 83.3

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Chart Questions

Case 3: The Era of Digital Health 3.1:

27.6%

(9,400 – 6,800) / 9,400 = 27.6%

3.2:

19.7%

{(1.2M * 9,400) - [(30% *1.2M * 6,800) + (21% * 1.2M * 7,100) + (37% * 1.2M * 7,800) + (12% * 1.2M * 9,400)]} / (1.2M * 9,400) = 19.7%

3.3:

2,223

The goal is to increase the savings percentage by 5 percentage points, which means 24.7%. Let X be the average annual healthcare cost per capita of people with access to management of highcost patient efficiency level, we have: {(1.2M * 9,400) - [(30% *1.2M * 6,800) + (21% * 1.2M * X) + (37% * 1.2M * 7,800) + (12% * 1.2M * 9,400)]} / (1.2M * 9,400) = 24.7% Solving this equation, we get X ~ 4,877. So the management of high-cost patient efficiency level has to reduce (7,100 – 4,877) = 2,223 more.

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Chart Questions

Case 4: Mobile-money Perception Ladder 4.1:

2,250,000

90 million x 2.5% = 2,250,000

4.2:

77.6%

14% / 44% / 41% = 77.6%

4.3:

33.3%

The current number of people considering mobile-money is 27% x 90 million = 24.3 million The growth rate is (32.4 – 24.3) / 24.3 x 100% = 33.3%

Case 5: BRIC Truck Markets 5.1:

45% points

(2,251 / 3,552) x 100% - (785 / 4,298) x 100% = 45% (points)

5.2:

152.36%

(2,998 – 1,188) / 1,188 x 100% = 152.36%

5.3:

14% by market growth; 86% by segment growth

The rise in quantity of the Midmarket segment between 2010 and 2020: 2,998 – 1,188 = 1,810 (thousand trucks) If the segment share is the same in 2010 and 2020, the rise in the number of trucks will only be resulted from market growth (from a total of 3,552 to 4,298 thousand trucks). That rise is:

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Chart Questions [1,188 x (4,298/3,552)] – 1,188 = 250 (thousand trucks) So 250 / 1,810 = 14% of the total rise is caused by market growth and the remaining 86% is caused by segment growth.

5.4: TCO & quality in 2010 < Engine power in 2020 Attractive styling in 2010 < Driver comfort in 2020 Service coverage in 2010 > Safety features in 2020 The total points of importance level in 2010 is 5 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 3 +1 = 15 The relative important level (or criteria weight) for criteria asked on the question is: TCO & quality: 2 / 15 = 13% Attractive styling: 1 / 15 = 7% Service coverage: 3 / 15 = 20% Doing the same calculation for 2020 we get: Engine power: 4 / 28 = 14% Driver comfort: 3 / 28 = 11% Safety features: 4 / 28 = 14%

5.5:

Toyota Tacoma in 2010; Cadillac Escalade in 2020

This is a very good example of how candidates may not go through the traditional approach. The computation in this question is not hard but very time consuming. Before touching on that ―time consuming‖ computation, let’s discuss how I (a former consultant) would respond if I got this question on a case interview. ―According to the 80-20 principle, we should spend our efforts on things that take little work but have high impacts. For this question, I would like to first provide a quick hypothesis based on a quick observation of the data. After that we may discuss whether or not we should go into the lengthy calculations to confirm my hypothesis. Is this approach ok to you‖? 99% of case interviewers would love to hear this and 90% of them will let you show that ―quick estimation‖ as following.

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Chart Questions ―I see a trend on Exhibit 5 that people’s preferences are shifting away from cheap pricing. So my quick hypothesis is that the Toyota Tacoma, a low-cost truck with an average score on most other features, would be preferred in 2010. In 2020, people’s preferences would shift toward the Cadillac Escalade, a premium truck with outstanding scores on most other features‖. At this point, if the interviewer is already satisfied, that’s great. You save yourself some valuable time for solving the case, not running the risk of doing wrong calculations and still score great on the evaluation sheet. In rare situations where the interviewer still wants to see the calculation, refer to the table below for the answer key.

2010 Importance level 2010 criteria weight 2020 Importance level 2020 criteria weight Toyota Tacoma customer rating Cadillac Escalade customer rating People preference for Toyota Tacoma in 2010 People preference for Toyota Tacoma in 2020 People preference for Cadillac Escalade in 2010 People preference for Cadillac Escalade in 2020

Purchase Price

Engine Power

TCO& quality

Technical innovation

Driver comfort

Safety features

Service Attractive Coverage styling

5 33.3% 3 10.7%

1 6.7% 4 14.3%

2 13.3% 4 14.3%

1 6.7% 3 10.7%

1 6.7% 3 10.7%

1 6.7% 4 14.3%

3 20.0% 4 14.3%

1 6.7% 3 10.7%

8

6

7

6

6

5

8

6

3

8

9

7

8

8

6

8

2.67

0.40

0.93

0.40

0.40

0.33

1.60

0.40

7.13

0.86

0.86

1.00

0.64

0.64

0.71

1.14

0.64

6.50

1.00

0.53

1.20

0.47

0.53

0.53

1.20

0.53

6.00

0.32

1.14

1.29

0.75

0.86

1.14

0.86

0.86

7.21

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Chart Questions

Case 6: China Online User 6.1:

800 millions

712 million / 89% = 800 (millions Internet users)

6.2:

15%

The number of Internet users in 2010 is 394 million / 82% = 480.49 million The number of Internet users in 2011 is 465 million / 84% = 553.57 million The growth rate of the number of Internet users in 2011 is (553.57 – 480.49) / 480.49 x 100% = 15%

6.3:

No

Because the number of online video users as % of Internet users (Penetration) has been continuously increasing.

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Chart Questions

Case 7: European Mobile Phone Usage 7.1:

7,035

35% x 20,101 = 7,035

7.2:

Mobile omnivores – Data entertainers – Data practicals - Traditionalists

Regarding voice usage per user: Traditionalists: 46% / 65% = 71% Data practicals: 9% / 12% = 75% Data entertainers: 10% / 13% = 77% Mobile omnivores: 35% / 10% = 350%

7.3:

Mobile omnivores – Data practicals – Data entertainers - Traditionalists

Regarding data usage by time per user: Traditionalists: 7% / 65% = 11% Data practicals: 17% / 12% = 142% Data entertainers: 13% / 13% = 100% Mobile omnivores: 63% / 10% = 630%

7.4:

Mobile omnivores – Data entertainers – Data practicals - Traditionalists

Regarding data usage by MB per user: Traditionalists: 5% / 65% = 8% Data practicals: 8% / 12% = 67% Data entertainers: 25% / 13% = 192% Mobile omnivores: 61% / 10% = 610%

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Chart Questions

Case 8: Future Growth in Chinese Consumption 8.1:

$5,311

In 2012, the number of Chinese people taking part in the survey was 15M x 65% = 9.75M Of 9.75M Chinese people taking part in the survey, there were 9.75M x (13 + 15) % = 2.73M MACs In average, each MAC spent [25B x (25+33) %] / 2.73M = 5,311 USD in 2012.

8.2:

97.7%

The value of consumption generated by MACs in 2012 = 25B * 58% = 14.5B The value of consumption generated by MACs in 2020 = 48B * 77% = 37B The increase in value of consumption generated by MACs from 2012 to 2020 = 37B – 14.5B = 22.5B Thus, the increase in value of consumption generated by MACs takes up 22.5B / (48B – 25B) = 97.8% of the total increase in value of total consumption.

8.3:

2.2%

The number of surveyed people within the age group of 35-44 was (15M x 65%) x 35% = 3.4M, of which half (1.7M) were from big cities and the other half from small cities. In this group, the number of people saying that their spending will increase or stay the same in 2012 and 2013 was: In 2013: (1.7M x 68%) + (1.7M x 64%) = 2,252,250 people In 2012: [1.7M x (68% - 4%)] + [1.7M x (64% + 7%)] = 2,303,438 people So the number was decreased by (2,303,438 - 2,252,250) / 2,303,437.5 x 100% = 2.22%

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Chart Questions 8.4: D A is unproven because the number of urban population and the value or urban consumption of each city type in 2012 and 2010 are unknown, so the statement cannot be concluded. B is unproven because only the percentage of non MACs in the total urban population in 2012 and 2020 were revealed, we cannot conclude anything about the number of non MACs without data about total urban population in these years. C is unproven. The percentage changes from 2012 to 2013 of 18-34 people with stable or increasing spending are 1% (decrease) and 7% (increase) in big and small cities does not mean that the percentage change of the whole group is positive. It depends on the number of surveyed people within this age group in each city type. D is proven TRUE because the percentage of people saying that their spending will increase or stay the same is always bigger than that of people saying that their spending will decrease in all group age and in both city type. Read more on this concept at: http://www.mconsultingprep.com/problem-solving-test/how-toprepare/fact-based-conclusion/

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Chart Questions

Case 9: Future Growth in Chinese Consumption 9.1:

56%

Annual ASAIP in 2009 (indexed to 2005): (190 + 105 + 98 + 94)/4 = 121.75 ($millions) ASAIP in the first quartile of 2009 is higher than the annual ASAIP in 2009 by (190 – 121.75) / 121.75 x 100% = 56.1%

9.2:

58%

Annual ASAIP in 2006 (indexed to 2005): (110 + 101 + 100 + 99)/4 = 102.5 Annual ASAIP in 2007 (indexed to 2005): (130 + 104 + 99 + 98)/4 = 107.75 If X is the number of infrastructure projects in 2006, 1.5X will be the number of infrastructure projects in 2007. The growth rate can be estimated by this equation: (1.5X * 107.75 – X * 102.5) / X * 102.5 = (1.5 * 107.75 – 102.5) / 102.5 = 57.7%

9.3:

278%

The real ASAIP in the first quartile of 2014: 160 x (240 / 100) = $384 million The total value of all refinery projects: 50 x 30% x 115 = $1,725 million The total value of all remaining projects: (384 x 50 – 1,725) = $17,475 million If we want to increase the total value of all infrastructure projects in the first quartile of 2014 by 25%, it would be: 384 x 50 x 1.25 = $24,000 million The new average size of each refinery project: (24,000 – 17,475) / 15 = $435 million So the value of each refinery project needs to grow by: (435 – 115) / 115 = 278.26%

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Chart Questions

Case 10: Future Growth in Chinese Consumption 10.1: 1,235 Number of people who own 1 device only: 18% x 13,200 = 2,376 (people) Number of desktops currently owned by this group: 2,376 x 52% = 1,235

10.2: 1,757 Number of people expecting to own 3-5 devices in 3 years: 53% x 13,200 = 6,996 Number of people choosing 3 devices: 6,996 x 30% = 2,099 Number of people choosing 5 devices: 6,996 x 18% = 1,259 Number of people choosing 4 devices: 6,996 – 2,099 – 1,259 = 3,638 Number of smart phones owned by this group in 3 years: 29% x 2,099 + 25% x 3,638 + 19% x 1,259 = 1,757

10.3: Offline media: €1,249; Online media: €1,717 We see that the average ratio of prices paid on offline media to prices paid for online media is 188 / 58 = 94 / 29. Of the total spending on media of €350, this consumer spends € [350 / (94 + 29)] x 94 = €267.5 on offline media and €82.5 on online media. Best estimate of his perceived value for offline media: (€267.5 / €188) x €878 = €1,249 Best estimate of his perceived value for online media: (€82.5 / €58) x €1,207 = €1,717

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Chart Questions

Case 11: Landed cost of LNG 11.1: 14% 1.7 / 12 x 100% = 14.17%

11.2: From 7.4 % to 10.9% If policy makers take no action, the maximum realistic unit landed cost = 12 – 0.9 – 0.9 = 10.2, higher than the average unit landed cost in Canada which is 9.2~9.5, by [(10.2 – 9.5) / 9.5] = 7.37% to [(10.2 – 9.2) / 9.2] = 10.87%.

Case 12: Indian Banking Market 12.1: ~500% Attackers’ assets in 2000 = 1,133,000 x 12% = 135,960 Rs crore Attackers’ assets in 2007 = 3,384,000 x 26% = 879,840 Rs crore The growth rate of Attacker’s assets from 2000 to 2007 = (879,840 – 135,960) / 135,960 x 100% = 547%

12.2: 7.07% ROE = Profits / Equity. We have Profits of Incumbents in 2007 = 31,230 x 68% = 21,236.4 Rs crore ROE = 12%, thus Equity of Attackers in 2007 = 21,236.4 / 12% = 176,970 Rs crore Incumbents’ share of assets in 2007 = 3,384,000 x 74% = 2,504,160 Rs crore So, of total assets, equity accounted for 176,970 / 2,504,160 = 7.07%

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Chart Questions 12.3: 46% For Attackers in 2007, we have market cap = 298,849 x 49% = 146,436 Rs Crore P/E = 27, thus total Earnings of all shares = 146,436 / 27 = 5,423.6 Rs crore Of total Profits, total Earnings accounted for 5,423.6 / (31,230 x 32%) = 54.27% Thus, the remaining portion of total Profits not covered as Earnings = 100% - 54.27% = 45.73%

Case 13: Countries Priorities Ranking From information provided in the case: there were 2600 people participating in the survey, of which: From factor-driven countries: 2600 / 4 = 650 respondents From efficiency-driven countries: (2600-650) / 2 = 975 respondents and the remaining 975 respondents are from innovation-driven countries.

13.1: Innovation-driven countries The number of respondents ranking Employment 1st and 2nd in each country type is: Factor-driven countries: 650 x 31% = 202 Efficiency-driven countries: 975 x 34% = 332 Innovation-driven countries: 975 x 38% = 371

13.2: 770 The total number of respondents ranking Social as 1st and 2nd is (0 + 975 x 44% + 975 x 35%) = 770

13.3: 13,333

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Chart Questions If there were 350 respondents from Efficiency-driven countries ranking Downstream 1st and 2nd, the number of respondents from those countries would be 350 / 7% = 5000 Thus, the number of total respondents of the survey is (5000 x2) / 0.75 = 13,333

Case 14: The US as one of the Developed World’s Lowest-cost Manufacturers 14.1: 9.5% The average cost index in other countries = (116 + 116 + 118 + 108 + 110 + 95) / 6 = 110.5 (110.5 – 100) / 110.5 = ~ 9.5% Thus, the cost in the US is 9.5% lower than the average cost in other countries.

14.2: 58% (30-19) / 19 x 100% = 57.9%

14.3: 165.26 Euro The average cost of a unit of manufacturing (in USD) in France = 210 / 110 x 116 = 221.45 USD The average cost of a unit of manufacturing (in Euro) in France = 221.45 / 1.34 = 165.26 Euro

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Chart Questions

Case 15: Innovative Companies 15.1: Industrial products and processes Number of Technology and telecom companies in 2012 list: 12 + 3 = 15 Number of Technology and telecom companies in 2010 list: 12 + 9 = 21 Difference in the number of Technology and telecom companies between the two lists: 6 Number of Industrial products and processes companies in 2012 list: 3 + 4 + 3 = 10 Number of Industrial products and processes companies in 2010 list: 3 + 0 = 3 Difference in the number of Industrial products and processes companies between the two lists: 7 Repeat this process for all other industries, the greatest difference is in the Industrial products and processes.

15.2: Energy and environment Technology and telecom: 3 / (12 + 0 + 3) = 20% Industrial products and processes: 3 / (3 + 4 + 3) = 30% Energy and environment: 1 / (0 + 1 +1) = 50% Repeat this process for all other industries, the greatest percentage is found in the Energy and environment industry.

15.3: Automotive No.1: Technology and telecom: 12 + 9 = 21 No.2: Consumer and retail: 9 + 1 = 10 No.3: Automotive: 5 + 3 = 8

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Chart Questions

Case 16: Emerging-market cities 16.1: 3,561 million people When you get a ―precise‖ question in a chart where number and grids are not clearly labeled, your answer will be much stronger if you can provide a work-around to find the exact answer. In this particular question, the precise answer can be found using the following method: From the text in the chart, we know there are 3,900 million people from emergingmarket cities in 2030. Divide this number by the share of world population (3,900 million / 46%) we get the world population of 8,478 million people in 2030. All rural areas’ share of world population in 2030 is 42% (100% - 12% - 46%). Multiply this 42% by the world population of 8,478 million, we get 3,561 million people living in all rural areas in 2030.

16.2: 22% Using the same method in 16.1, we can calculate the population of different segments in 2010 and 2030 as follows: All rural areas Emerging-market cities Total population outside developed-market cities

2010 3,514 million 2,600 million

2030 3,561 million 3,900 million

6,114 million

7,461 million

The growth rate is 22%.

16.3: ~10% When you get an ―approximate‖ question in case interview, the interviewer is interested in getting a short-cut method from you. In these situations, the final answer is just as important as a smart short-cut. In this particular question, a possible short-cut is as follows:

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Chart Questions Developed-market cities’ Share of world population is 12% in both 2030 and 2050. This means the world population will grow at the same rate with developed-market cities’ population. So the world population will grow by approximately at the overall rate of ~ 10%. (The developed-market cities’ population grows at the rate of ~ 10% during 2010-2030 and we can see from the Exhibit 16 that will grow at the same rate during 2030-2050)

Case 17: Australia International Education 17.1: ~40% When the word ―approximately‖ is used, a quick answer is preferred to an exact result. So we can and should use some estimation. In 2009, Australia shares ~ 1/3 of total Aus + UK commencements (middle chart). This means the number of commencements in the UK in 2009 is twice that of Aus. In 2009, the US shares ~1/2 of total US + UK commencements (right-hand chart). This means the number of commencements in the US in 2009 is equal to that of the UK. Combining the two pieces of data, we can infer that the UK shares 2 / 5, or 40%, of the total HE commencement in three countries in 2009.

17.2: 2009: US > Aus > UK 2011: Aus > US > UK

17.3: Australia: $30 thousand * 95% = $28.5 thousand The UK: $30 thousand / 120% = $25 thousand

17.4: 20% Number of commencements in Australia in 2009: X X / 34% = Number of commencements in Aus + the US in 2009 = 194 thousand + X Solve for X we get 100 thousand

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Chart Questions Number of commencements in Australia in 2011: Y X / 28% = Number of commencements in Aus + the UK in 2011 = 308.5 thousand + Y Solve for Y we get 120 thousand So the number of commencements in Australia has grown by 20% between 2009 and 2011.

Case 18: Study Abroad 18.1: 66% Total number of international higher education students (IHES) in the US: 3 m * 23% = 690 thousand Number of IHES in the US from China: 0.5 m * 24% = 120 thousand Number of IHES in the US from India: 0.2 m * 52% = 104 thousand Number of IHES in the US from “Other Asia”: 0.9 m * 26% = 234 thousand Total IHES in the US from Asia: (120 + 104 + 234) = 458 thousand, 66% of the total 690 thousand

18.2: FALSE Total IHES in France: 3 m * 8% = 240 thousand Number of IHES in France from Africa: 0.3 m * 31% = 93 thousand < half of 240 thousand

18.3: 10.3% Increasing number of foreign students in Australia in the next 3 years: 3 mil x 15% x 8% = 36 thousand, of which 7.2 thousand (one fifth) are from China. The current number of Chinese international higher education students in Australia: 0.5m x 14% = 70 thousand. Thus the percentage by which the number of Chinese international higher education students in Australia will increase in the next 3 years = 7.2 / 70 = 10.3%

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Chart Questions

Case 19: Chinese Internet Users 19.1: 38.5% The number of urban residents (above the age of 6) in 2011 = 377 / 55% = 685 (million) The number of rural residents (above the age of 6) in 2011 = 136 / 21% = 648 (million) So, the nation’s overall penetration rate of Internet users in 2011 = (377+ 136) / (685 + 648) = 38.5% Please be careful that even though 38.5% (our given solution) is very close to (55% + 21%) /2 = 38%, 38% is not the correct solution. The answer is close just because this is a special case where the number of urban residents is close to that of rural residents.

19.2: 86 million China’s total population of teenagers and university students in 2011 = (45 / 87%) + (34/99%) = 86 (millions)

19.3: 118.5 million The projected number of middle-aged Internet users in 2013 = (44 x 1.15 x 1.15) + (58 x 1.02 x 1.02) = 118.5 (millions)

19.4: 1,558 million The number of Chinese Internet users in 2014 = (377 x 1.073) + (136 x 1.113) = 647.8 (million) The projected Chinese’s population in 2014 = 647.8 / 42% = 1,542 (million)

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Chart Questions

Case 20: Indian Consumers Are Getting Digitally Influenced 20.1: 164% 3.3% by national population growth; 96.7% by population with Internet access segment’s growth Growth rate: (330 – 125) / 125 = 164% The increasing number of population with Internet access: 330 – 125 = 205 (million) The increasing number of population in 2016 that will result from the national population growth: [125 x (1,275/1,210)] – 125 = 6.7 (million) So 6.7 / 205 = 3.3% is caused by the national population growth and the remaining 96.7% is caused by population with Internet access segment’s growth.

20.2: 30% (650b / 200m – 225b / 90m) / (225b / 90m) x 100% = 30%

20.3: $2,828 Average spending per consumer with Internet access (rural and urban) in 2012: (225 + 55) b / 125m = 2,240 (USD) Average spending per consumer with Internet access (rural and urban) in 2016: 2,240 * 1.064 = 2,828 (USD)

Case 21: Potential Growth of Truck Sales Market in BRIC Region 21.1: €70 billion Average Revenue of Chinese truck sales market in 2017 = 66 * 103%2 = 70 (€billion)

21.2: €67,039

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Chart Questions Average Revenue of Brazilian truck sales market in 2013 = 11 * 103%3 = 12 (€billion) Average Unit Sales of Brazilian truck sales market in 2013 = 169 * 102%3 = 179 (thousand) Average price of a truck sold in Brazilian truck sales market in 2013 = €12 billion / 179 thousand = €67,039

Notice: The above answer key is developed to get the closest estimation. However in real case interviews or test environments it might not be the best method to approach this problem due to its time consuming nature. If I were to get this question in a case interview or in my McKinsey PST, I would just use the 2010 numbers as the rough estimate for the 2013 number: €11 billion / 169 thousand = ~ €65,000

21.3: 704 (units) Revenue of the first dominant manufacturer in 2012 = (€3 billion * 48%) * 113%2 = €1.84 billion Revenue of the second dominant manufacturer in 2012 = (€3 billion * 41%) * 116%2 = €1.66 billion Revenue of other small suppliers in 2012 = (€3 billion * 11%) * 104%2 = €0.36 billion Total Revenue of Russian truck sales market in 2012 = €3 billion * 114%2 = €3.9 billion Revenue of the new manufacturer in 2012 = 3.9 – 0.36 – 1.84 – 1.66 = €0.04 billion = €40 million Number of trucks sold by the new manufacturer in 2012 = €40 million / €56,850 = 704 (units)

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Chart Questions

Case 22: Research and Projections of the World’s Banking Industry in 2015 22.1: 152.85% Number of digital requests in 2010 = 345,600 billion / 40% x 30% = 259,200 billion Number of digital requests in 2015 = 6,620 billion / 1% x 99% = 655,380 billion % increase = (655,380 – 259,200) / 259,200 = 152.85%

22.2: 69,295 billion Total number of complaints in 2015 = 597 billion / 20% = 2,985 billion Total number of banking transactions in 2015 = 2,985 billion / 2.8% = 106,607 billion Total number of simple/small ticket transactions = 106,607 billion x 65% = 69,295 billion

22.3: 19.8 million transactions Number of large transactions in 2010 = 12,000 billion / 45% = 26,667 billion Number of total transactions in 2010 = 26,667 billion / 8 x (5 + 8) = 43,334 billion Number of bank branches in the world in 2010 = 460 x 475 = 218,500 (branches) In a typical branch, FTE workload per branch = 10. This means that a bank branch needs on average 10 full time workers. The average number of banking transactions that a full-time worker proceeded in 2010 = 43,334 billion / (218,500 x 10) = 19.8 million (transactions)

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Chart Questions

Case 23: Medical Travel across the Globe 23.1: 864 thousand Number of people traveling from Asia to North America to have medical treatment in 2013 = 45 million x 32% x 6% = 864,000

23.2: Number of medical travelers from MEA to Asia is 7.74 times greater than that of Europe Number of people traveling from MEA to Asia to have medical treatment in 2013 = 45 million x 15% x 32% + 45 million x 7% x 95% = 5.1525 million Number of people traveling from MEA to Europe to have medical treatment in 2013 = 45 million x 15% x 8% + 45 million x 7% x 4% = 0.666 million Number of medical travelers from MEA to Asia is greater than that of Europe, by (5.1525 / 0.666) = 7.74 times

23.3: 16.98 million Number of Asian medical travelers to other continents in 2013 = 45 million x 32% x 7% = 1 million Number of Asian medical travelers to other continents in 2014 = 1 million x 92% = 0.92 million Total number of the world’s medical travelers in 2014 = 45 million x 114% = 51.3 million Total number of Asian medical travelers in 2014 = 51.3 million x 35% = 17.9 million Number of medical travelers from Asia to countries within the region in 2014 = 17.9 million – 0.92 million = 16.98 million

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Chart Questions

Case 24: Structural Shift of some Asian nations’ economy 24.1: 7,517% Thailand’s GDP from the service sector in 1956 = $3.9 billion x 45% = $1.8 billion Thailand’s GDP from the service sector in 2010 = $318.9 billion x 43% = $137.1 billion Growth rate = ($137.1 billion - $1.8 billion) / $1.8 billion = 7,517%

24.2: Rank from low to high: Philippines – Myanmar - Malaysia – China – Thailand – South Korea - Indonesia Growth rate of the industry sector from 1965 to 2010 of each country: Myanmar: (41.6 x 38% - 2.2 x 13%) / (2.2 x 13%) = 5,427% Indonesia: (709.1 x 47% - 5.1 x 13%) / (5.1 x 13%) = 50,168% Thailand: (318.9 x 45% - 3.9 x 23%) / (3.9 x 23%) = 15,898% Malaysia: (248.2 x 41% - 2.9 x 27%) / (2.9 x 27%) = 12,896% Philippines: (199.6 x 33% - 5.3 x 31%) / (5.3 x 31%) = 3,909% China: (5,930.5 x 47% - 58.6 x 35%) / (58.6 x 35%) = 13,490% South Korea: (834.1 x 39% - 3.4 x 21%) / (3.4 x 21%) = 45,460%

24.3: Agriculture: 10%; Industry: 45.5%; Service: 44.5% Region’s GDP from Agriculture: (41.6 x 44% + 709.1 x 15% + 318.9 x 12% + 248.2 x 10% + 199.6 x 12% + 5,930.5 x 10% + 834.1 x 3%) = 829.8 (US$ billion) Region’s GDP from Industry: (41.6 x 38% + 709.1 x 47% + 318.9 x 45% + 248.2 x 41% + 199.6 x 33% + 5,930.5 x 47% + 834.1 x 39%) = 3,772.9 (US$ billion) Region’s GDP from Service:

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Chart Questions (41.6 x 18% + 709.1 x 38% + 318.9 x 43% + 248.2 x 49% + 199.6 x 55% + 5,930.5 x 43% + 834.1 x 59%) = 3,687.7 (US$ billion) Total GDP of the Region = 829.8 + 3,772.9 + 3,687.7 = 8,290.4 (US$ billion) Economic Structure of the Region: Agriculture = 829.8 / 8,290.4 = 10% Industry = 3,772.9 / 8,290.4 = 45.5% Service = 3,687.7 / 8,290.4 = 44.5%

Case 25: Tourism spending in the UK 25.1: Scotland: 9.63%, London: 24.11%, Wales: 5.3%, NI: 1.86%, Rest of England: 59.1% Total tourism spending in the UK = 10.9 + 66.9 + 27.3 + 6.0 + 2.1 = £113.2 billion % of Scotland = 10.9 / 113.2 = 9.63% % of London = 27.3 / 113.2 = 24.11% % of Wales = 6.0 / 113.2 = 5.3% % of NI = 2.1 / 113.2 = 1.86% % of Rest of England = 66.9 / 113.2 = 59.1%

25.2: Scotland: £1.9 billion; London: £12.8 billion; Wales: £0.6 billion, NI: £0.3 million; Rest of England: £8 billion Scotland: £10.9 billion x 18% = £1.9 billion London: £27.3 billion x 47% = £12.8 billion Wales: £6.0 billion x 10% = £0.6 billion NI: £2.1 billion x 15% = £0.3 billion

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Chart Questions Rest of England: £66.9 billion x 12% = £8.0 billion

25.3: 20.6% Total international tourism spending in the UK = £1.9 billion + £12.8 billion + £0.6 billion + £0.3 million + £8.0 billion = £23.3 billion % of international tourism spending in the total tourism spending in the UK = £23.3 billion / £113.2 billion = 20.6%

Case 26: Consumer Electronics Industry 26.1: 602 people Number of surveyed consumers who plan to buy a tablet in the next 12 months as a replacement = 6,020 x 10% = 602 people

26.2: 4,274 Total smartphones owned = 6,020 x 19% x 2 + 6,020 x 29% + 6,020 x 4% = 4,274

26.3: 8,307 Total number of devices bought by the surveyed consumers as a replacement = 6,020 x (29% + 11% + 10% + 18% + 8% + 11% + 7% + 5% + 6% + 6% + 7% + 8% + 7% + 5%) = 8,307

Case 27: Employment Structure by Education Level PLEASE GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE 71

Chart Questions 27.1: 14.56 million Number of workers with a Bachelor’s Degree or higher in America in 1973 = 91 million x (9% + 7%) = 14.56 million

27.2: 256.6% Number of workers at higher educational levels than high school in 2007 = 154 million x (17% + 10% + 21% + 11%) = 90.86 million Number of workers at higher educational levels than high school in 1973 = 91 million x (12% + 9% + 7%) = 25.48 million % increase = (90.86 - 25.48) / 25.48 = 256.6%

27.3: 18% Number of workers attending some college but with no degree in 2007 = 154 million x 17% = 26.18 million Number of workers attending some college but with no degree in 2010 = 26.18 million x 1.123 = 36.78 million Percentage of this group in the total number of people employed in America in 2010 = 36.78 million / 205 million = 18%

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Chart Questions

Case 28: China: The Age of the Affluent 28.1: 196.67 million Expected number of ―veteran‖ affluent consumers in 2020 = 280 million x 54% = 151.2 million Number of ―veteran‖ affluent consumers in 2011 = 151.2 million / 2.85 = 53.1 million Total number of affluent consumers in 2011 = 53.1 million / 27% = 196.67 million

28.2: 2.58 million Number of affluent consumers who are private-business employees from 25 to 34 years old = 3.25 million / 0.85 = 3.82 million Number of affluent consumers from 25 to 34 years old = 3.82 million / 40% = 9.55 million Number of today’s affluent consumers who are state-owned enterprise employees from 25 to 34 years old = 9.55 million x 27% = 2.58 million

28.3: 25 million Number of today’s affluent consumers who are business owners from 35 to 44 years old = 58.5 million x 55% = 32.34 million Number of today’s affluent consumers from 35 to 44 years old = 32.34 million / 31% = 104.3 million Number of today’s affluent consumers who are state-owned enterprise employees from 35 to 44 years old = 104.3 million x 24% = 25 million

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Chart Questions

Case 29: Travel and Tourism in China 29.1: 1,534.3 RMB Number of trips in 2012 = 1,058 million x 1.092 = 1,257 million Market value in 2012 = 1,484 RMB billion x 1.142 = 1,928.6 RMB billion Average market value per travel trip in 2012 = 1,928.6 RMB billion / 1,257 million = 1,534.3 RMB

29.2: 76.2% Market value per an outbound travel trip in 2010 = 321 RMB billion / 37 million = 8,676 RMB Market value per an outbound travel trip in 2020 = 1,544 RMB billion / 101 million = 15,287 RMB % increase = (15,287 - 8,676) / 8,676 = 76.2%

29.3: 24.24 million Number of outbound travel trips from China to Japan in 2020 = 101 million x 6% = 6.06 million Projected number of total international travelers arriving in Japan in 2020 = 6.06 million / 25% = 24.24 million

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Chart Questions

Case 30: Youth Education in Europe 30.1: 86 Number of Italian vocational respondents = 4,003 x 18% x 12% = 86

30.2: Lower, by 200 The difference between the number of ―high school completion‖ respondents and that of ―some college/associate’s degree or higher‖ respondents accounts for (27% + 10% - 32%) = 5% of the total number of respondents. Number of respondents who have completed high school is lower than that of those with some college/associate’s degree or higher, by (4,003 x 5%) = 200

30.3:

53

Total number of vocational respondents = 4,003 x 18% = 720 Number of vocational respondents with a family income level above the national average = 720 x 37% x 1/5 = 53

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