A Treatise on the Grammar of the New Testament [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

M3 '!

\«

THE GEAIMAE

NEW TESTAMENT

A TREATISE ON

THE GEAMMAE OF THE

NEW TESTAMENT; EMBRACING OBSERVATIONS ON

THE LITERAL INTERPRETATION OF

NUMEROUS PASSAGES. &

ikfo

flfottton.

BY

THE REV. THOMAS SHELDON GREEN, MA. LATE FELLOW OF CHRIST'S COLLEGE, CAMB BILGE,

HEAD MASTEE OE THE GEAMMAE, SCHOOL, ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOTTCH.

LONDON

:

SAMUEL BAGSTER AND 15,

PATERNOSTER ROW. MDCCCLX1I.

SONS,




S' ei-eart,

,

following passage, if taken strictly, would intimate that the dialects

Greek speech

?\

though

'

until a late period,

only be in some of the more secluded of their original

yap

".

,

Lord himself had been

unless our

(

John names, first, the maid ovv a number of persons St.

11

at the gate,

),

on Peter's

and, thirdly, the

kinsman of Malchus, who, on account of the pointed and positive way in which he is described as making his assertion, might be identified with the respecting him. aWos tls of Luke, who employs the term Since, however, three narratives mention a number of persons conspiring in the accusation, all discrepancies respecting individuals are merged in this fact. The main object of the several writers was to specify three distinct denials in fulfilment of our Lord's prophecy.

Implication in a preceding expression.

2.

The most simple kind noun

is

of implication

the

, , . ^ .8 .

members of the body, Demosth. de Cor.

John

xix. 30.

Mark Mark

iv.

ii.

4.

38.

Another kind

p.

for instance,

as,

parts of a building.

—

'

247.

^,

is

that of

Mat. xx. 24.

, ;

xv. 4.

-,

numbers resulting from

.'

ceding arithmetical circumstances.

Luke

when

used to signify a constituent part of a whole

previously mentioned or suggested,

,

is

oi

But writers carry out the

See

principle

number

prefixing the Article to any

v.

pre-

20.

still

farther,

by

of objects con-

tained in a previously stated greater one, without the

mind being expressly by

led to

it,

arithmetical considerations.

as in the former case,

Rev.

xvii. 10.

THE USAGE OF THE ARTICLE

12

Again, the implication

is

not always of a kind so

, . . < * ) , ) . . .

simple as those already mentioned, though equally certain.

?

Theophrast. Char. 23.

Xen. Anab.

John

1

ii.

implied in

Tim.

??

iii.

—

v. 6,

you

' . . . ..

"

BieyepOeU Be 6

i.

24.

is

implied

.

Acts

is

.

13.

v.

20,

€

ii.

,

9, 10.

Or

as being a

may

term

simply indicate renewed mention.

imagery.

Rom.

i.

25, since

for

an object of idolatrous

be only another designation of 6

in respect of his pretensions to divinity (v. 4)

for

-^^.

'the falsehood' implied in the words,

worship (2 Chron. xxx. 14),

iv

...

€

11.

-

.

€\€

€ ' , Be

implied in the words

, , , 2 Thes.

term

/?

opeyeTai,

el

1.

'For you

that believe.'

Bei

iv

iv

7.

the preciousness,

Mat.

—

€\.

Be yevvrfarj

6 Be

1 Pet. is

) ').

') . . .

xi. 37.

—

/"

41.

vii.

Luke

is

—

v. 12.

xvi. 21.

Acts

then

I.

pea

Be

;

and the

The same remark

may

. . . (.

and

would thus words

same reason be another

for the

23),

article

applies to the

'

the

lie

'

be the actual

;

WITH SUBSTANTIVES. 1

John

22.

ii.

6

Implication in yjsevbos

v.

Association

3.

something which with something

21.

that

;

is

is

when

13

noun

the

signifies

necessarily or naturally associated

else

already mentioned or implied.

The most simple and common articles of dress, furniture,

case

and so forth

of the Article, as under the last head,

that of usual

is

is

and the force

;

very generally

by a Possessive Pronoun to these may be added usual appendages, and necessarily to be expressed in English

:

attendant or ordinarily consequential circumstances.

.

Xen. Anab.

€€€,

II.

eV

iii.

,

11.

Tjj

Ty

iv

signifies what cannot but be associated with the person spoken Here something, the use of which was when on military duty; casual, and its idea, therefore not suggested by association hence the of,

:

presence and absence of the Article respectively.

.

Isoc.

Pan. p. 70.

Xen. Cyr.

The

.

vi. 3.

notion of the

word

scribed in the preceding words

—

epos 4

jealousy.'

John

xxi. 8.

. By

is

Be

. ,

is :

.

associated with the circumstances de-

—

*

'

,.

signified the small boat attached to the fishing bark.

Acts xxvii. 16.

6

The consequent

So

;

* , , \.

THE USAGE OF THE ARTICLE

14

'

Mat. v. 15.

With

.

the idea of a house, suggested

by

the lighting of a candle,

was

necessarily associated that of the usual single articles of furniture, the

and

Though

the Article

parallel places are Mark iv. 21; Luke xi. 33. used in these passages with perfect propriety, and

The is

., ,,

gives an air of liveliness to the language, yet

,'

its

presence

sary to the force of the sentiment; and accordingly, similar place,

Luke

be prefixed to

viii.

/ceuet,

16

oidels

:

it is

not neces-

signify a par-

'.

ticular kind of vessel usually found singly in a house, but one of

and and

this

necessary absence

John Luke

may

Article

is

its

iv

here used with

)

by

its

any

sort

omission also before

ei

ON THE GENITIVE

John

' 1

45.

vi.

Cor.

13.

ii.

ev

.

CASE.

.

97 Is. liv.

13.

Compare with these two instances the expression, (Soph. El. 343) though the latter may also be interpreted by the help of the words, (1 Mac. iv. 7), so that the resulting sense would be, Not with words well versed in human lore, but :

'

..

well versed in spiritual knowledge.'

Col.

iii.

12.

Acts

ix. 1.

If the

word

be here taken to signify a

2 Pet. i

ii.

Heb. Jas.

skilled in covetous practice.'

iv. 12.

13.

i.

It has

been seen that one especial use of the Geni-

tive is to signify

an object which

action only to a partial extent,

been wholly embraced by

employed as a

. stance,

by some

. . .

14.

Having a heart well

full possession

once clear.

active influence, the use of the Genitive is at

it

:

affected

is

when

the case

is

it

by the

might have

also occasionally

sufficient expression of a like circum-

namely, partial extent, even in the subject of

the verb.

Xen. Cyrop. VIII.

,

iii.

—

9.

re-

Acts xxi. 16.

...

In some instances a preposition

is

prefixed to the Genitive.

John

xvi. 17.

;

ON THE DATIVE CASE.

98

In the case of Proper Names, the bare Genitive

is

often employed as an expression of personal relation,

when

the nature of that relation

implied by the context (Luke

iii.

of presumed notoriety (Mat.

;

xvi. 1.

Luke xxiv.

i.

6

John

10.

23), or

iv.

vi.

either

is

is

plainly

a matter

Mark xv. 47

21.

71; xxi. 2, 15).

In cases where merely contemporaneous notoriety has not been main-

,

by subsequent record

tained

attendant of this usage

Luke

vi.

;

Acts

16.

SECTION

or tradition, uncertainty

as is

IV.

i.

now

is

the necessary

the case with the expression

13.

—ON

THE DATIVE

CASE.

and exemplify

It is not necessary to particularise

those simple and ordinary points of usage of the Da-

which

tive,

New

as respects the

Testament.

One case

no matter of remark

offer

special point is a free

and extended use of the

beyond the ordinary expression of simple and

immediate instrumentality, and where other forms

would commonly have been used with the same

The

ideas so expressed

heads, as follows.

may be grouped under

.

effect.

several

.

Causation more or less indirect or remote. Plato.

Menex.

p.

238.

ovre

ovre

ovSe

Rom. 4

It

xi.

20.

rfj

was by unbelief that they came

to be

broken

off.'

ayvt

.. . . . .

DATIVE CASE. Gal. vi. 12.

Horn.

xi.

Mercy

*

30. to

fell

your share by

99

their disobedience/

Mental frame or influence. Demosth. Lept. p. 479. Id. Mid. p. 538.

*

1

Cor.

viii. 7.

1

Cor.

.

If I

am

.

2 Cor.

—

30.

partaking in a thankful frame.'

15.

i.

. . ...

Kegulating law or principle.

'

Soph. Elect. 1043. 2 Mac.

Acts

vi. 1.

.

1.

Acts xxi. 21. Gal. vi. 16.

The

Xen. Anah. Mat. v.

Acts

. /.

seat or quarter of a certain quality or effect. III.

i.

8.

8.

Heh.

.

Heh.

xii. 3.

11

.

When the

,.

xi. 29.

.

51.

vii.

Acts xiv.

42.

Middle Voice of a verb

that the action is

as

the

used to signify

mutual between the agent and the

personal object, this circumstance 'Dative

is

.

dependent

'Aristoph. Plut. 456.

case.

is

indicated

by the

Eurip. Med. 606.

.

..

ON THE DATIVE CASE.

100 Mat.

v. 40.

Jude

9.

.

The different construction (Acts xi. 2) may be regarded as the expression of a different circumstance, namely, one-sided Demosth. Zen.

cavilling.

Acts This

p. 889.

xviii. 28.

it

was

itself

,.

was

that the argumentation of Apollos as

same construction, implying

best viewed as an instance of the

is

as keenly contested

This, in fact,

is

Middle form,

as

The remaining matters of remark by the construction of

It

may

Jews

by

are supplied either

certain passages, or the usage

of particular terms. vi.

the

the principle of the regular government of this case

certain verbs of the

Horn.

by

vigorous and successful.

Ty

20.

here be remarked that

by

].

the ordinary construction with the

which runs through the entire passage, would be impaired and a correspondence of form is also maintained with the (v. 18). expression rjj On being set free from sin, you came into service to righteousness for when ye were bondservants of sin, you stood free from servitude to righteousness.' Genitive, the personification ;

'

—

Luke

..

. . .,

scripture, destined

Similarly,

coming

.

xviii. 31.

'

^

'The things written,' and, as matters of prophetic; Son of Man,' that is, to be fulfilled in his person. (xiii. 14), The prophecy is-

for the

'

to a fulfilment for them.'

Acts

6

v. 3.

. The verb

[

is

ayiov.

.

4.

-

used in the compass of this passage as the expres-

]

ON THE DATIVE two

sion of I

distinct actions

person in terms of falsehood the act of accosting,

is

101

one, of a strictly transitive nature, namely,

;

by falsehood

actual deception

CASE.

the other, merely address directed to a

;

and

;

this latter use, like other verbs signifying

by

followed

the Dative, the Accusative rightly

|

I

indicating the former meaning.

Rom.

...

19.

i.

The Dative may by the

here be regarded as used designedly, for the purpose

of conveying

entire expression a distinctly mechanical idea, that of

an engrossing process, as distinguished from- that of mere fulness.

'

Fully

by every sort of unrighteousness/ &c. See 2 Mac. vii. 21. Had been an unmeaning substitution of the Dative for the Genitive^ there

engrossed it

.

would have been no occasion for the immediate transition to the form The same remark applies to another expression, ' I have become quite possessed b}r (2 Cor. vii. 4). rfj the comfort supervening on all my trouble.

?

'

»

Col.

.

14.

ii.

^-

*

to

%eipo