2 Bac U 2 Modal Summary [PDF]

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Modals Summary Function Ability

Modal Can

Present I can speak 3 languages

Obligation

Must, have to

Drivers {must/ have to} stop at a red light.

Prohibition Mustn’t Advice

Should, ought to,

Criticism

Should(ought to) have done

Lack of obligation

Needn’t = don’t ( doesn’t) have to

Deduction

must

Impossibility Can’t Possibility

May, might, could

Students mustn’t cheat in exams You {should/ought to } study hard

There are only few guests. We { neednt / don’t have to } buy many cakes He has Rolls Royce. He must be rich.

Past When I was a child I could run fast They had to stop at a red light

Explanation be able to , know how to It is obligatory to

it is forbidden to, it is against the law It is advisable, it is a good idea You { should/ought to }have Somebody did something tried better (but they didn’t wrong in the past try and their team lost) You needn’t have bought It is not necessary to do cakes ( it wasn’t necessary , but you bought them)

I can’t have access to the internet. My father must have changed the password. He can’t be American, His He can’t have written the English is terrible. poem. He is illiterate. It is cloudy. It{ I guess it {may/ could/ may/could/might } rain might} have been Lucy on the phone.

I am sure ,I am certain

I am sure someone/ something is not It is possible/perhaps

Modals Summary Function Ability

Modal Can

Present I can speak 3 languages

Obligation

Must, have to

Drivers {must/ have to} stop at a red light.

Prohibition Mustn’t Advice

Should, ought to,

Criticism

Should(ought to) have done

Lack of obligation

Needn’t = don’t ( doesn’t) have to

Deduction

must

Impossibility Can’t Possibility

May, might, could

Students mustn’t cheat in exams You {should/ought to } study hard

There are only few guests. We { neednt / don’t have to } buy many cakes He has Rolls Royce. He must be rich.

Past When I was a child I could run fast They had to stop at a red light

Explanation be able to , know how to It is obligatory to

it is forbidden to, it is against the law It is advisable, it is a good idea You { should/ought to }have Somebody did something tried better (but they didn’t wrong in the past try and their team lost) You needn’t have bought It is not necessary to do cakes ( it wasn’t necessary , but you bought them)

I can’t have access to the internet. My father must have changed the password. He can’t be American, His He can’t have written the English is terrible. poem. He is illiterate. It is cloudy. It{ I guess it {may/ could/ may/could/might } rain might} have been Lucy on the phone.

I am sure ,I am certain

I am sure someone/ something is not It is possible/perhaps