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Cercl AvemOA - raza (n & r) Lngmeacercl (crcmfern acercl) ±
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a ela rlecngren e& De aceea n amn mnmcdespreeleac&
rncl de pramda Avem AB - Mca !aze mar A'B' - Mca !aze mc OO' - Inal me AA' - Mca la erala OM - Ap ema !aze mar O'M' - Ap ema !aze mc MM' - Ap ema rncl de pramda (n & a ) Ara la erala sma arlr fe elr la erale Ala (PBP!)a /2 nde P! es e perme rl !aze mc ar PB es e perme rl !aze mar& Arle !azelr se calcleaza n fnc e de na ra !azelr ar la pramda regla a se ma p calcla s c aj rl frmlelr A!P! a!& ABPB aB& Ara ala ara !aze mar ara !aze mc ara la erala Vlml
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Cnl Avem VA - genera are (n & g) VO - nal meacnl (n & h) AO - raza!aze (n & r) Ara !aze ara cercl de la !aza adca Ara la erala Ara ala Vlml cnl
rnchl de cn Avem A'A - genera are (n & ) OO' - nal mea rnchl de cn (n & I) AO - raza!azemar(n & R) A'O' - raza!azemc(n & r) Ara la erala Ara ala Vlml
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§fera Avem OA - razã (n & r) Ara sfere Vlml sfere