Tales From The Thousand and One Nights. Level 1 [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

R E A D IN G & T R A IN IN G

Editor: Victoria Bradshaw Design and art direction: Nadia Maestri Computer graphics: Simona Corniola Picture research: Laura Lagomarsino

© 2006

Black Cat Publishing, an imprint of Cideb Editrice, Genoa, Canterbury

First edition : May 2006 Picture credits: © North Wind Picture Archives / Alamy: 39 ; Private Collection / Bridgeman Art Library: 79. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the written permission of the publisher. We would be happy to receive your comments and 4suggestions, and give you any other information concerning our material. [email protected] www.blackcat-cideb.com www.cideb.it

C/SQ

a w H T ] T E X T B O O K S AND T E A C H IN G M A T E R IA L S

The quality of the publisher's design, production and sales processes has been certified to the standard of U N I EN IS O 9001

ISBN 978-88-530-0518-2 Book ISBN 978-88-530-0517-5 Book + audio CD/CD-ROM Printed in Italy by Litoprint, Genoa T he C D contains a n a u d io section (the recording of the text) a n d a CD-ROM section (additional fun g am es a n d activities that practice the fo u r skills). - To listen to the recording, insert the C D into y o u r C D player and it will play as normal. You can also listen to the recording on y o u r com puter, by opening y o u r usual C D player program. - If y o u p u t th e C D directly in to the C D -R O M d riv e, the so ftw are w ill o p e n autom atically. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS for CD-ROM PC: - Intel Pentium II processor or above (Intel Pentium III recommended) - Windows 98,ME,2000 or XP - 64 Mb RAM (32 Mb RAM Memory free for the application) - SVGA monitor 800x600 screen 16 bit - Windows compatible 12X CD-ROM drive (24X recommended) - Audio card with speakers or headphones All the tra d em ark s above are copyright.

Macintosh: - Power PC G3 processor or above (G4 recommended) - Mac OS 9.0 with CarbonLib or OSX - 64 Mb RAM (32 Mb RAM free for the application) - 800x600 screen resolution with thousands of colours - CD-ROM Drive 12X (24X recommended) - Speakers or headphones

o w e w Introduction Th e St o r y o f S h a h r a y a r a n d S h a h r a z a d . h i s v i z i e r ’s d a u g h t e r

7

PART ONE

9

PART TWO

16

The E n c h a n t e d H o rs e

23

PART ONE

25

PART TWO

’

31

A n Baba a n d th e F o r t y Thieves

41

PART ONE

43

PART TWO

50

PART THREE

57

Th e Se c o n d V o y a g e o f S i n d b a d t h e S a i l o r

65

PART ONE

67

PART TWO

72

T h e St o r y o f t h e Y o u n g K i n g o f t h e B l a c k I s l a n d s

si

PART ONE

83

PART TWO

88

D ossiers

Versions of The Thousand and One Nights Baghdad, the city of The Thousand and One Nigh ts

IN T E R N E T PROJECTS

A C T I V I T I E S

38

78

6,37,71,93 6, 8, 14, 20, 24, 29, 36, 40, 42, 48, 54, 62, 66, 70, 76, 80, 82, 86, 92

EXI T KET

T E S T K E T -style e x e r c i s e s

T: g r a d e 4

T r i n i t y - s t y l e e x e r c i s e s ( G r a d e 4)

This te x t is recorded in full. These symbols indicate the beginning and end of th e passages linked to the listening activities.

-

94

,

Introduction The origins of The Thousand and One Nights The Thousand and One Nights (in Arabic: A lf Layla wa-Layla), is a

collection of stories from Persia, Arabia, India and Egypt. Nobody knows the exact age of these stories but a few of them are probably from the 9th century or before. T he n a m e The T housand and One N ights cam e from an A rabic translation of a Persian book of stories. The Persian book, now lost, was called Hazar Afsana (A Thousand Legends). It was translated from Persian into Arabic in a b o u t

ad

1 850 and the nam e A Thousand

Legends changed to A Thousand Nights (in Arabic: A lf Layla). For

Arabs, the num ber a thousand meant 'a lot', not literally 1,000. The Turks probably changed the num ber to 1,001 because this number meant 'a lot' for them.

The frame story ‘Shahrayar and Shahrazad, his vizier’s 2 daughter’ A frame story is the most im portant story in a collection. It continues through the book and brings all the other stories together. The use of frame stories is very old. Collections of fairy stories from the Sanskrit period in India (about 200

BC - a d

1100) often had them:

a well-known example is Kathasarit Sagara (Ocean o f Stories), written in ab o u t

ad

1070 by the K ashm iri poet Som adeva Bhatta. O ther

1.

A D : a b b re v ia tio n fo r A n n o D o m in i. A w a y o f c o u n tin g th e y e a r s a ft e r C h ris t w a s born. BC : a b b re v ia tio n fo r B e fo re C h rist. A w a y o f co u n tin g th e y e a r s b e fo re C h ris t w a s b orn. N o te : n o n - C h ris tia n s s o m e tim e s use C E (C o m m o n E r a ) in s te a d o f A D , an d B C E (B e fo r e th e C o m m o n E ra ) in s te a d o f BC. T h is s y s te m c o u n ts th e y e a r s in th e s a m e w a y .

2.

v iz ie r : a m a n w h o a d v is e s th e kin g in M u s lim c o u n trie s .

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famous books with a frame story are The Decameron by the Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-75) and The Canterbury Tales by the English writer Geoffrey Chaucer (about 1343-1400). The frame story in The Thousand and One Nights is 'Shahrayar and ••

Shahrazad, his vizier's daughter'. Shahrayar is a king w ho marries a new girl every night and then kills her in the morning. Shahrazad is his last wife. She tells him stories at night but always stops in the middle of one just before morning. The king doesn't kill her because he wants to hear the end of the story. This continues for many years. They have three children and in the end Shahrayar falls in love with

Shahrazad. The stories in The Thousand and One Nights are the ones Shahrazad tells Shahrayar. The origin of 'Shahrayar and Shahrazad, his vizier's d au g h ter' is p ro b a b ly In d ia n b u t th e n a m e s of the c h a ra c te rs are P ersian. Shahrayar means king in Persian and Shahrazad, or Scheherazade (another spelling of her name), means city-horn. Most of the other names in the stories are Arabic. O

Answer the questions. 1

W h at does th e Arabic A lf Layla wa-Layla mean in English?

2

When did th e title A Thousand Legends become A Thousand Nights?

3

K athasarit Sagara is a collection of Indian fairy stories with a

f ra m e story. True or false? 4

Who lived longer, Giovanni Boccaccio or Geoffrey Chaucer?

5

Who tells th e stories in The Thousand and One Nights?

6

The fram e story in The Thousand and One Nights is from Persia. True or false?

INTERNET P R O J E C T

Mi

>

Follow these instructions to be directed to the correct website. Connect to the Internet and go to www.blackcat-cideb.com. Insert the title or part of the title of the book into our search engine. Open the page for Tales from The Thousand and One Nights. Click on the project link •Go down the page until you find the title of this book and click on the links next to the ^ . ► Read an Indian fairy story. ► Find out how many tales there are in The Canterbury Tales. ► Find out some information about Giovanni Boccaccio. Tell the class what you have found out and read about.

A

C

T

V

T

E

S

B e fo re you read o

Match th ese sentences with the pictures. The king, the vizier and all their serv an ts left Samarkand and travelled for m any days and nights. 2

[

Shahrayar and S hahzam an played chess.

3

[ j S hahzam an told the vizier to put his t e n t s in a big field outside th e city walls. S h ahzam an opened the door and saw his wife in bed with one of th e kitchen boys.

3

Now listen to Part One o f th e story and put th e pictures (A-D) in order. 1

8

PART ONE

h e re w e r e o n ce tw o kings called S h a h r a y a r a n d S h ah zam an . They w ere b rothers. S h a h ra y a r w as an i m p o r t a n t king. He r u l e d 1 all o f

P e r s i a , India a n d

C h in a . S h a h z a m a n , his y o u n g e r

brother, w asthe

king o f S a m a r k a n d . O n e d a y S h a h r a y a r s a i d t o h is v i z i e r , ‘I’d like t o s e e m y b r o t h e r . Go t o his p a l a c e in S a m a r k a n d a n d invite h im t o I n d ia .’ The vizier (w ho h a d t w o d a u g h t e r s , S h a h r a z a d a n d D in a rz a d ) m a d e p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r his lo n g j o u r n e y . He a n d his s e r v a n t s t r a v e l l e d d a y a n d n ig h t. W h e n t h e y a r r i v e d in S a m a r k a n d , t h e king g r e e t e d 2 t h e v iz ie r w a r m l y . ‘W e l c o m e t o S a m a r k a n d ! ’ he said. ‘Tell m e, h o w is m y b r o t h e r ? ’ ‘He iswell, Y o u r M a je s ty . But h e ’d like t o s e e y o u

a g a in . He

told m e t o invite y o u t o In d ia .’ ‘I’ll p r e p a r e f o r t h e j o u r n e y i m m e d i a t e l y , ’ said t h e king. ‘You a n d y o u r s e r v a n t s c a n p u t y o u r t e n t s in t h e big field o u t s i d e t h e city walls. W a i t f o r m e t h e r e . ’

1.

ruled : c o n tro lle d a c o u n try .

2.

g r e e t e d : said ‘H ello!*, ‘G o o d m o r n in g !’ e tc .

TALES FROM 'T T ie T l i e u s a r i S

ctr)y

o

Look at the picture on page 69. Are these sentences True (T) or False (F)? T F 1

Sindbad is sitting on a big rock.

2

There a r e n ’t any tcees or plants in th e valley.

3

The bird has a small snake in its talons.

66

□ □

h e r e w a s o n c e a s a ilo r f r o m B a g h d a d called S in d b a d . I B S ' He m a d e s e v e n long v o y a g e s in his life. T h e y w e r e all full o f a d v e n t u r e s . He m e t m a n y s t r a n g e p e o p le a n d s a w m a n y s t r a n g e t h i n g s . W h e n he w a s old, he liked te l l i n g p e o p l e a b o u t his a d v e n t u r e s a n d t h e y liked listening. This is t h e s t o r y o f his s e c o n d v o y a g e . ‘W h e n I r e t u r n e d h o m e f r o m m y firs t voyage, I lived a c o m f o r t a b l e life in t h e city f o r s o m e y e a r s . T h e n I b e g a n t o g e t bored. I d r e a m t o f sailing t h e s e a s again. I w a n t e d n e w a d v e n t u r e s . One m o rn in g I p ack ed m y c h e s t a n d trav elled t o t h e p o r t o f Basra. ‘T here w a s a good, s t r o n g ship in t h e h a r b o u r a n d it w a s r e a d y to sail. I g o t on it. We travelled f r o m p o r t t o p o r t a n d f r o m island to island. The o t h e r p a s s e n g e r s on t h e ship w e r e m e r c h a n t s and, w h e n w e s to p p e d , t h e y b o u g h t a n d sold th in g s. Soon I b e g a n t o do t h e s a m e . W eek s a n d m o n t h s p a s s e d p le a s a n tly b u t w i t h o u t a d v e n t u r e . *

‘T h e n o n e d a y t h e w i n d t o o k o u r s h i p t o a s t r a n g e a n d b e a u tif u l island. T h e r e w e r e t r e e s w i t h delicious fruit, f l o w e r s o f m a n y colours, antf s t r e a m s 1 o f s w e e t w a t e r . T h e air w a s full o f t h e s o n g s o f b i r d s , b u t t h e r e w e r e n ’t a n y p e o p l e . T h e o t h e r p a s s e n g e r s s t a r t e d to e x p lo re t h e island. I w a s tir e d so I s a t u n d e r a t r e e . I a t e s o m e o f t h e delicious f r u i t f r o m t h e t r e e s a n d 1.

s t r e a m s : s m a ll riv e r s .

67

TALES FROM T T c . T f t d u s a i O

One

d r a n k s o m e o f t h e s w e e t w a t e r f r o m t h e s t r e a m s . T h e n I fell a s l e e p . W h e n I w o k e up, I l o o k e d a r o u n d . I w a s a l o n e o n t h e island! I looked o u t to se a a n d s a w m y ship on th e horizon. 1 I began to f e e l a f r a i d . “Oh, p o o r m e ! ” I s a i d . “W h a t shall 1 d o n o w ? ” ‘I w a l k e d a r o u n d t h e i sl and f o r a n h o u r o r m o r e . T h e n I c l i mb e d a tall t r e e . “I c a n g e t a b e t t e r v i e w o f t h e i sland f r o m t h e . t o p o f a t r e e , ” I t h o u g h t . I l o o k e d left a n d r i g h t b u t I s a w only t r e e s , f l o we r s , birds, t h e s e a a n d t h e sky. T h e n I l o o k e d m o r e carefully. T h e r e w a s a big, w h i t e o b j e c t in t h e d i s t a n c e . 1 d e c i d e d t o go a n d h a v e a look a t it. ‘W h e n I g o t n e a r e r , I s a w t h a t it w a s a d o m e . I t o u c h e d it a n d w a l k e d r o u n d it. It w a s v e r y s m o o t h 2 a n d v e r y big, b u t t h e r e w e r e n o d o o r s o r w i n d o w s in it. S u d d e n l y , it b e c a m e d a r k . I l o o k e d up a n d I s a w a n e n o r m o u s b i r d a b o v e m e . It c o v e r e d t h e s u n . “A r o c ! ” 3 I s a i d t o m y s e l f . “A n d t h i s w h i t e d o m e is h e r e g g . ” I r e m e m b e r e d a t r a v e l l e r s ’ s t o r y a b o u t t h e s e b i r d s . It s a i d t h a t r o c s #

cau ght elep h an ts for their babies to eat. Just at th a t m o m en t, the bird la n d e d on to p of h e r egg a n d so o n she w a s asleep. ‘I q u i c k l y t o o k o f f m y t u r b a n a n d t i e d o n e e n d o f it t o t h e r o c ’s foot and the o th e r around my waist. ‘“P e r h a p s t h i s b i r d will t a k e m e t o a l a n d w h e r e t h e r e a r e ci t i es a n d p e o p l e , ” I t h o u g h t . I w a i t e d all n i g h t . In t h e m o r n i n g t h e roc w o k e up a n d flew a w a y a n d sh e t o o k m e w ith her. ‘S h e d i d n ’t t a k e m e v e r y f a r . W e l a n d e d o n t h e s i d e o f a m o u n t a i n . I q u i c k l y u n t i e d m y t u r b a n a n d hid b e h i n d a r ock. ‘T h e r o c p i c k e d u p a h u g e 4 s n a k e in its t a l o n s a n d f l e w a w a y . I l ooked a r o u n d me . I s a w a lot m o r e s n a k e s . T h e y w e r e sleeping a m o n g t h e rocks. “This is a t er r i bl e pl ace, ” I t h o u g h t . “T h e r e w a s fruit t o e a t a n d w a t e r t o d r i n k on t h e island. But t h e r e a r e only s n a k e s h e r e . ’” 1.

horizon : w h e r e tfie sk y m e e ts th e land.

3.

roc : big m yth o lo g ical bird.

2.

s m o o t h : c o m p le t e ly fla t .

4.

h u ge : v e r y , v e r y big.

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G o b a c k to the text KET o

Choose t h e b e s t answ er, A, B or C to complete th e sentences. 1

Sindbad w e n t to Basra

A B C

2

The island was probably A B C

3

to look for a ship. because he w an ted to see the sea. green. 5S dangerous.

*

quiet.

A

th e flowers and trees.

to look at

B

th e rest of th e island.

When Sindbad arrived

A

a t th e dome,

B

□ □ □

C 5

to m e e t some merchants.

Sindbad climbed a tree

C 4

□ □ □ □ □ □

Rocs probably didn’t eat A B C

the white dome. he saw t h a t it was an egg. th e re was a bird sitting on it. he looked for a door in it.

□ □

elephants. travellers. snakes. /

G

D e s c r ip t io n s

Can you r e m e m b e r t h e adjectives t h a t w ere used in P art One of the s to r y to describe th e underlined w o rd s in th e s e s en ten ces? 1

Sindbad m ade s e v e n ......................... voyages.

2

He m e t m a n y ............................... people.

3

Sindbad lived a ........................... lifein th e city.

4

He w a n t e d ..................................a d v e n t u r e s .

5

He got on a good ............................ship.

6

The island w a s ................................. a n d ..................

7

The fruit on th e tregs w a s ..........................

70

8

The w a te r in the s tr e a m s was ..

9

Sindbad climbed a ...................... .. tree.

10 The dome w a s .............................. .....................and very 11 The bird w a s .......................... 12 The roc picked up a ..................... ... snake.

A n is la n d in t h e e a s t

Listen to som e information about the island of Sri Lanka. Complete questions 1-8. Listen to the information twice.

SRI LANKA Position : 1....................... of India Size : greatest length 2......................... kms greatest w id th 3...........................kms

Largest city Colombo on the west coast Port towns : Trincomalee on th e 4.................... coast Galle on th e 5.................... coast Geography : in the s o u th -ce n tral: 6................. in the north : 7

and dry land

Highest mountain : Pidurutalagala : 2,524 m Longest r i v e r : M ahaw eli Ganga : 8................... kms

^

IN TER N ET P R O J E C T < «

Find out more about the island of Sri Lanka. Follow the instructions on page 6 to find-the website you need. ► You can see some photos of Sri Lanka. ► You can find a recipe for a Sri Lankan dish. ► You can hear the national anthem of Sri Lanka.

71

PART TWO

w a l k e d d o w n i n t o t h e v a l l e y . T h e r e w e r e n ’t a n y t r e e s o r flo w e rs , only s a n d a n d ro ck s. The sm all s t o n e s u n d e r m y f e e t s p a r k l e d in t h e s u n s h i n e . I loo k ed a t t h e m m o r e carefully. T h e y w e r e n ’t s t o n e s , t h e y w e r e d i a m o n d s ! T h e n I k n e w w h e r e I w a s . “This is t h e V a l l e y o f D i a m o n d s , ” 1 s a i d t o m y s e l f . “N o b o d y e s c a p e s f r o m h e r e ! ” I b e g a n t o feel v e r y a f r a i d . 1 lo o k e d a r o u n d . T h e s n a k e s w e r e still a s le e p a m o n g t h e ro cks. T h e ir b o d ie s w e r e a s th ic k a s t r e e t r u n k s . 1 “T h e y ’ll ,wake up w h e n it is d a r k , ” I t h o u g h t , “a n d c o m e o u t t o look f o r food. I m u s t find a s a f e p lace t o s le e p t o n i g h t . P e r h a p s t h e r e a r e s o m e c a v e s h e r e . ” It w a s b e g i n n i n g t o g e t d a r k a n d I co u ld h e a r t h e s n a k e s . T h e y w e r e w a k i n g up. I w a l k e d f a s t e r . S o o n 1 f o u n d a c av e. It w a s big a n d d a r k inside b u t t h e f lo o r w a s dry. “This is a g o o d p lace t o s l e e p , ” I t h o u g h t . “I’ll p u t a big ro ck in t h e m o u t h o f t h e c a v e t o k e e p t h e s n a k e s o u t . I’ll be s a f e h e r e u n til t h e m o r n i n g . ” I w e n t in a n d loo k ed a r o u n d . At t h e b a c k o f t h e ca v e I could s e e t w o sm all r e d lights. T w o eyes! T h e r e w a s a h u g e s n a k e

1.

72

trunks:

b e

Th e S e c o n d V o y a g e o f SlNDRAD THE SAILOR t h e r e . She w a s s i t t i n g on h e r eggs. She w a s looking a t me! 1 r a n o u t o f t h e cave. It w a s c o m p l e t e l y d a r k in t h e valley n o w a n d t h e s n a k e s in t h e r o c k s w e r e c o m i n g o u t. T h e y m a d e a t e r r i b l e noise. I w a s v e r y a f r a i d . I d e c i d e d t o s t a y in t h e c a v e . “O n e s n a k e is b e t t e r t h a n a h u n d r e d , ” I t h o u g h t . “And s h e is m o r e i n t e r e s t e d in h e r e g g s t h a n s h e is in m e . ” So I f o u n d a r o c k a n d c l o s e d t h e cave. I w a s a w a k e all night. I could h e a r t h e s n a k e s o u t s i d e . T h e noise w a s t e r r ib le . T h e s n a k e a t t h e b a c k o f t h e c a v e s a t on h e r eggs a n d looked a t m e. W h e n I s a w t h e f i r s t light f r o m t h e s u n , I m o v e d t h e r o c k a n d w e n t o u t . It w a s q u i e t . T h e s n a k e s w e r e a s le e p so I left t h e c a v e a n d s t a r t e d w a lk in g d o w n t h e valley. ‘S u d d e n l y , s o m e t h i n g fell o u t o f t h e s k y a n d l a n d e d a t m y f e e t. It w a s a big piece o f m e a t . T h e n a n o t h e r p iece o f m e a t fell o u t o f t h e sky. 1 w a s v e r y s u r p r i s e d b u t I r e m e m b e r e d a n o t h e r t r a v e l l e r s ’ s t o r y a b o u t t h e Valley o f D i a m o n d s . T h e s t o r y s a id t h a t d i a m o n d m e r c h a n t s n e v e r c a m e in to t h e valley b e c a u s e it w a s a v e r y d a n g e r o u s place, b u t t h e y h a d a v e r y c l e v e r w a y of g e ttin g th e d ia m o n d s o u t. T hey s to o d on th e to p s of th e m o u n t a i n s a n d t h r e w big p i e c e s o f m e a t d o w n i n t o t h e valley. The m e a t w a s s o f t so t h e p r e c i o u s s t o n e s s t u c k t o it. At m i d d a y ro cs a n d e a g l e s 1 fle w d o w n in to t h e valley. T h e y p ic k e d up t h e pieces o f m e a t a n d c a r r i e d t h e m up t o t h e t o p s o f t h e m o u n t a i n s . W h e n t h e b ird s la n d e d , t h e m e r c h a n t s s h o u t e d loudly a n d m a d e a lot o f n o is e . T h e b i r d s w e r e a f r a i d a n d f l e w a w a y . T h e n t h e m e r c h a n t s t o o k t h e d i a m o n d s o u t o f t h e m e a t a n d p u t t h e m into c h e s t s . This w a s t h e only w a y o f g e t t i n g t h e d i a m o n d s o u t o f t h e valley. Later, t h e m e r c h a n t s sold t h e p r e c i o u s s t o n e s in t h e cities f o r a lot o f m o n e y .

1. eagles:

73

TALES FROM T lie

T T io u s a r ic )

a n c) O n e

‘T h e s t o r y g a v e m e a n i d e a . I f i l l e d m y p o c k e t s w i t h t h e b ig g e s t d i a m o n d s I could find. T h en I tied m y se lf to a piece of m e a t w i t h m y t u r b a n . S o o n a n e a g l e c a m e d o w n . It p i c k e d up t h e piece of m e a t a n d m e a n d flew up to t h e t o p of a m o u n t a i n with it. ‘As s o o n a s w e l a n d e d , t h e r e w a s a lot o f n o i s e a n d s h o u t i n g . The bird w a s a fra id a n d flew a w a y . I u n tie d m y s e lf quickly and s t a r t e d to run. “‘H e y you! S t o p ! ” a m a n s h o u t e d . I s t o p p e d . “‘D o n ’t h u r t m e , s i r , ” I s a i d . “I’m a n h o n e s t m a n . I d o n ’t w a n t y o u r d i a m o n d s . ” I t o o k t h r e e bi g d i a m o n d s o u t o f m y p o c k e t . “Lo o k! ” I s a i d , “T a k e t h e s e ! I p i c k e d t h e m u p in t h e v a l l e y , ” a n d I g av e him t h e s t o n e s . The m a n w a s v e ry h a p p y a n d t h a n k e d me. H e t o o k m e t o m e e t h i s f r i e n d s . T h e y w e r e all d i a m o n d m e rc h a n ts . They gave me food and drink and listened to my s t o r y . O n e o f t h e m s a i d , “Y o u ’r e t h e f i r s t m a n t o e s c a p e f r o m this valley.” ‘I t r a v e l l e d w i t h t h e m f o r m a n y w e e k s . W e v i s i t e d m a n y countries and we had m any adventures. I gave th e m diam onds a n d t h e y gave m e food a n d drink. ‘In o n e p o r t t h e r e w a s a s h i p t h a t w a s g o i n g t o B a s r a . I w a s t i r e d o f t r a v e l l i n g a n d I w a n t e d t o s e e m y f a m i l y a g a i n s o I g o t on it. F r o m B a s r a I t r a v e l l e d b a c k t o B a g h d a d . I w a s h a p p y t o be h o m e again. ‘I w a s a r i c h m a n . I g a v e m a n y p r e s e n t s t o m y f a m i l y a n d m o n e y t o t h e p o o r p e o p l e o f t h e city. I e n j o y e d m y c o m f o r t a b l e life a t h o m e . B u t a f t e r a f e w y e a r s , I s t a r t e d t o g e t b o r e d . I w a n te d to travel the seas again and have new ad v en tu res!’

G o b a c k to the text K f T © Are these sentences ‘Right’(A) or ‘Wrong’ (B)? If there is not enough information to answer ‘Right’ (A) or ‘Wrong (B), choose ‘Doesn’t say’ (C). There is an example at the beginning (0). S

0

C Doesn’t say

1

This was Sindbad’s first time in th e Valley of Diamonds. A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

2

The snakes ate small animals a t night. A Right B Wrong

C Doesn’t say

The snake in th e cave was asleep. A Right B Wrong

C Doesn’t say

3 4

Sindbad knew a story about th e Valley of Diamonds. A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

5

The diamond m e rc h a n ts th re w th e m e a t into the valley for the eagles. A Right B Wrong C Doesn’t say

6

Sindbad p u t th re e diamonds in his pocket. A Right B Wrong

C Doesn’t say

Sindbad w e n t to India with the m erchants. A Right B Wrong

C Doesn’t say

This w as Sindbad’s last adventure. A Right B Wrong

C Doesn’t say

«

7 8

K lE T O

The roc left Sindbad in th e valley. A Right (B)Wrong

/

Complete this postcard from Sindbad in Sri Lanka to his brother Yusuf in Baghdad. Write ONE word for each space. W ednesday Dear Yusuf, I arrived here (0) ..J.O Trincomalee two days (1)............. It’s a very nice to w n and the people ( 2 ) very friendly. There are many interesting places ( 3 ) see. Yesterday I visited th e Temple of the Tooth in ( 4 ) old city of Kandy. I am travelling with some m erchants. I m e t ( 5 ) in th e Valley of Diamonds. They are

76

(6) ........... to stay here for th e winter, but 1w a n t to return to Baghdad. (7) ........... is a ship to Basra t h a t leaves on Saturday so I’m going to buy my ( 8 ) to m o rro w morning. 1 have a ( 9 ) of lovely presen ts for you and Zubaida and the children. ( 1 0 ) you soon, your loving brother, Sindbad.

Q

C ro s s w o rd

Use th e clues and t h e n u m b e r of le tte r s in t h e w o r d s in t h e (brackets) to complete t h e crossword.

Q

Across

Down

he buys and sells things (8)

Sindbad wore one on his head (6)

precious stones (8)

th e re is one betw een tw o m ountains (6)

a big bird (5)

an animal with a very long body (5)

ships stop here (4)

p a rt of a tree (5)

a big box (5)

a big hole in a rock (4)

O p p o s ite s

Write th e opposites of th e s e words. They are all in t h e s to r y of ‘The Second Voyage of Sindbad th e Sailor’. Adjectives

Verbs

dangerous

2 ........................

3 ........................

asleep

4 ........................

5 ........................

interested

6 ........................

tie

1

take out of stay

.............................................................

77

Baghdad, the city o f

The Thousand and One Nights Doday Baghdad is the capital of Iraq. In the 8th centiyy it was the capital city of the Abassici caliphs 1 and the jewel of the Near East. Caliphs who belonged to the Abassid family ruled the caliphate of Islam from 750 to 1258. The second Abbasid caliph, al-M ansur (712-775), chose w here to build the city. In 762 he started building his capital on the west bank 2 of the river Tigris. He called it M adinat-al-Salam (city of peace). It was also called the Round City because it was circular. The diam eter of the city was 2,700 metres and it had three walls. The grand mosque 3 and caliph's palace, called the Golden Gate, were inside the first circle. The caliph's palace had a big green dome with a bronze 4 statue of a horsem an on the top. The horseman moved w hen the w ind changed direction. The caliph's arm y lived in the second circle and there were government offices in the third circle. The merchants' houses and b azaars 5 were outside the city walls. Later, people started building on the easf bank of the Tigris. This part of the city became bigger and bigger, and today it is the centre of modern Baghdad.

1.

c a lip h s : M u s lim ru le rs .

2 . b a n k : high a re a o f g ro u n d a lo n g th e sid e s o f a riv e r. 3.

g ra n d m osque : an im p o rta n t religious building w h e re M uslim s go to pray.

4.

b ro n z e : a y e llo w is h - b ro w n m e ta l.

5.

b a z a a r : a p la c e wirth m a n y s m a ll sh o p s an d s ta lls u s u a lly in M id d le E a s t e r n c o u n tr ie s o r In d ia .

78

During the 500 years under the Abbasid caliphs, Baghdad was the most im portant cultural centre of Arab and Islamic civilization. It was also one of the greatest and richest cities in the world. It had museums, hospitals, libraries, and mosques. Teachers and students from m any cultures an d religions cam e to stu d y at the Bayt alHikmah (House of Wisdom). They translated Greek manuscripts and stu d ied the w orks of A ristotle, Plato, H ip p o crates, Euclid, a n d Pythagoras. *The most famous m athem atician of the time, and the in v e n to r of a lg eb ra , A l-K h a w a riz m i, s tu d ie d th ere. The w o rd 'algebra' comes from the name of his book Kitab al-Jabr. H arun al-Rashid (766-809) was the fifth and most famous Abassid caliph. He ruled from 786 to 809. He appears in many of the stories in The Thousand and One Nights. It is possible that one or two of these stories were written while he was still alive.

H arun built m any mosques and other beautiful buildings with the taxes 1 he received from the countries under his rule. He also built a beautiful palace for him self in B aghdad w here he and his huge c o u r t2 lived in great splendour.3 H e lo v e d p o e tr y a n d m u s ic a n d he in v ite d m a n y p o e ts an d musicians from foreign countries to live and work at his court. He was a good soldier and also a good ruler. He was interested in his people's happiness. He sometimes left his palace and walked around the streets of Baghdad at night. He liked talking to his people and listening to their problems. There were long periods of peace in parts of the caliphate during the 23 years of H arun's reign but, after he died, there was a war between his two sons, and many buildings in the Round City were destroyed. O

Complete the missing words in these sentences. 1

The Abbasids were a f ................................ of caliphs who ruled for 5 0 0 years.

2 3

The Round City had a d ................................ of 2,700 metres. There was a s ................................ of a horsem an on th e top of the caliph’s palace. / Between 750 and 1258 Baghdad was an im portant c................................ centre. Harun al-Rashid received t .................. T.......... from the countries under his rule. There w ere many poets and musicians from f .............................. countries a t H arun’s court.

4

m

5 6 7 8

H arun’s r lasted 23 years. After Harun died, a lot of th e Round City was destroyed in a w .................................

1.

t a x e s : m o n e y t h a t p e o p le h a v e to p a y to a g o v e r n m e n t o r a ru le r.

2 . c o u r t : all th e p e o p le w h o liv e in a ro y a l p a la c e . 3.

s p le n d o u r : m a g n ific e n t a n d b e a u tifu l s u rro u n d in g s .

80

B e fo re you read o

Here are four scenes from the story. Match them to the sentences (1-4).

1

[__| Every night the queen put a sleeping potion in the king’s wine. The queen put a spell on the king and turned his legs into marble.

3

|__| The young king married his cousin.

4

_

jThe queen

w e n t to th e forest to m e e t her lover.

Work with a partner. In which order do you think the events happen?

82

PART ONE

r

0

h e n King M a h m u d o f t h e Black Islands died, his y o u n g s o n b e c a m e king. A f e w w e e k s

0m

*

later, he m a r r i e d his cousin. The y o u n g king

!

t h a t s h e loved him. He w a s h ap p y . But s h e

i

w a s n o t a good wife a n d s h e d i d n ’t love him.

A *

A

wk m

lo v e d his w if e v e r y m u c h a n d h e t h o u g h t

She also h a d m a g ic p o w e r s . The king a n d t h e q u e e n lived happily f o r five y e a r s . T h e n o n e a f t e r n o o n t h e y o u n g king h e a r d a c o n v e r s a t i o n b e t w e e n t w o o f his w if e ’s m aids. They d i d n ’t k n o w t h a t he w a s listening t o t h e m . ‘It’s s a d t h a t t h e q u e e n d o e s n ’t love t h e king, is n ’t i t ? ’ o n e of t h e m said. ‘Yes,

it is,’ t h e o t h e r m a id replied. ‘S h e ’s a b a d w o m a n . Every

n ig h t s h e p u t s a s l e e p i n g p o t i o n 1 in his w in e . T h e n , w h e n he is asleep, she g o es o u t t o m e e t h e r lover in t h e f o r e s t . ’ T h e y o u n g king w a s h o r r i f i e d . He d e c i d e d t o w a t c h his w if e carefully. T h a t n ig h t he d i d n ’t d r in k his w in e so he w a s n ’t a s l e e p w h e n

1.

s le e p in g p o tio n : a m a g ic d rin k t h a t m a k e s a p e rs o n sleep .

83

TALES FROM T V

Tfieusanc) arO One f(i

kts------

t h e q u e e n g o t o u t o f b e d a n d le ft t h e p a la c e . He fo llo w ed h e r t o th e f o r e s t. Her lover w a s t h e r e a n d t h e y kissed p a ssio n a te ly . W h e n t h e y o u n g king s a w t h e m t o g e t h e r , he w a s v e r y a n g ry . He t o o k o u t his s w o r d a n d hit t h e m a n on t h e neck. The m a n fell to t h e g r o u n d . T h e n t h e y o u n g king r a n b a c k t o t h e p a l a c e b e f o r e t h e q u e e n h a d t i m e t o s e e his face. T h e n e x t m o r n i n g t h e q u e e n c a m e t o h is r o o m . S h e w a s w e a r i n g black c lo th e s a n d s h e w a s crying. ‘H u s b a n d , ’ s h e said. ‘I’m m o u r n i n g 1 m y family. My f a t h e r , my m o t h e r a n d m y t w o b r o t h e r s a r e all d e a d . ’ The y o u n g king said n o th in g . He k n e w t h a t it w a s n o t tru e . The q u e e n m o u r n e d f o r a y e a r. At t h e e n d of th is tim e, s h e built a b l a c k d o m e in t h e p a l a c e g a r d e n a n d filled it w i t h p r e c i o u s c a r p e t s a n d p a i n t i n g s . T h e n s h e t o o k h e r l o v e r ’s b o d y t h e r e . He w a s n ’t d e a d , b u t he c o u l d n ’t m o v e o r s p e a k . She p u t him on a so fa in a d a r k r o o m a n d built a b e a u t i f u l f o u n t a i n f o r him t h e r e . She w e n t t o s e e him e v e r y d a y a n d g a v e him so u p a n d w ine t o drink. She cried all t h e tim e. T h r e e y e a r s p a s s e d . One d a y t h e y o u n g king w e n t t o t h e d o m e t o s p e a k t o his wife. She w a s crying a s usual. He w a s v e ry angry. ‘I’m tir e d of y o u r t e a r s ! ’ he s h o u t e d a n d - h e t o o k o u t his sw ord. ‘You a r e a b a d w o m a n ! I k n o w t h a t you k e e p y o u r lover h e r e . ’ ‘Yes, I d o ,’ t h e q u e e n replied. ‘I love him a n d I h a t e y o u !’ The king lifted his s w o r d t o kill her, b u t t h e q u e e n p u t a magic spell o n h im b e f o r e he co u ld hit h e r. S he t u r n e d his legs into a block of black m a r b l e . 2 He c o u l d n ’t move. T h e n s h e t u r n e d t h e f o u r islands into f o u r m o u n t a i n s , t h e city into a lake, a n d t h e p eo p le in t h e city into fish. 1.

m o u r n in g : s h o w in g ^ a d n e s s w h e n s o m e b o d y d ies.

2 . m a r b le : a v e r y h a rd , co ld ro ck .

84

G o b a c k to the text o

Answer the questions. Use short answers. If the answer is No, give the correct answer. Examples: Did the young king get m arried before his fath er died? No, he didn’t He got m arried after his fath er died. Did the young king m arry his cousin? Yes, he did.

1

Did the king and queen live happily for ten years?

2

Were th e maids talking ab o u t the king?

3

Did th e queen put a sleeping potion in th e king’s food?

4

Did th e queen m e e t her lover in the palace?

5

Did th e q u e e n ’s lover hit th e young king?

6

Was the queen wearing black clothes th e next morning?

7

Did th e queen build the black dome for her lover?

8

Was th e q u e e n ’s lover still alive?

9

Did the king go to th e dome to see the q u e e n ’s lover?

10 KET Q

Did th e queen put a spell on th e king?

Here is a conversation between tw o of the queen’s maids. Choose the best reply. Mark A, B or C. 1

I’m tired today.

A

| Are you?

'

B i | W h at did you do? C |_J Don’t worry! 2

3

Shall we go and sit in th e garden?

Would you like a cup of tea?

A i | No, th a n k you. B

Not a t all.

C

| It’s too cold.

A B

I h av e n ’t got one. | No, I d o n ’t.

C j | Yes, please. 4

Your shoes are nice.

A f | Thanks. They’re new. 4

86

B |

| Yes, they are.

C

| Here you are.

5

Have you m ade th e q u e e n ’s bed yet?

A ___ Certainly. B I

No, it’s your turn.

C [ _J Yes, I did it. e

C o lo u r fu l n a m e s

Complete the names of these places with one of these colours. Then find them in an atlas or an encyclopaedia. black

green

blue

red

orange

yellow

Sea

a long piece of w a t e r betw een Asia and Africa

land

a large island in the Arctic

stone National Park

the largest national park in the USA

Mountains

a mountain range in Australia a town in France

Forest

a forest in so u th -w e s t Germany

B e fo re you read Q Work with a partner. What do you think is going to happen in Part Two of the story? Choose A or B. 1

The young king is going to

A B

2

The queen isn’t going to

A B

3

The queen’s lover is going to A B 9

4

The story is going to

A B

□ □ □ □ □ □ □

take th e spell off her husband

! become a good person.

Now read Part Two and check your ideas.

87

f t e r t h a t t h e q u e e n v is ite d t h e black d o m e e v e r y day. F irs t s h e w e n t to h e r h u s b a n d a n d b e a t him o ne h u n d r e d t i m e s w i t h a w h ip . 1 He c r i e d a n d s h o u t e d loudly b u t h e r h e a r t w a s h a r d . T h e n s h e w e n t t o h e r lover. A f t e r giving him s o m e s o u p a n d wine, s h e said, ‘H o w a r e y o u t o d a y , m y love? S p e a k t o m e ! ’ But he n e v e r m o v e d a n d he n e v e r s p o k e . S o m e y e a r s la te r , a king f r o m a d i s t a n t c o u n t r y t r a v e l l e d t o t h e B lack I s l a n d s . He w e n t in t h e b l a c k d o m e a n d f o u n d t h e y o u n g king. W h e n he h e a r d his s t o r y , he felt v e r y s o r r y f o r him. He p r o m i s e d t o help him. ‘1 h a v e a p l a n , ’ he said. T h e n e x t d a y , t h e king w e n t t o t h e r o o m w h e r e t h e q u e e n ’s lover w a s . He killed h im w ith his s w o r d a n d t h r e w t h e b o d y d o w n a d e e p w ell. 2 T h e n h e lay d o w n o n t h e s o f a . S o o n t h e q u e e n a r r i v e d . S h e w e n t t o h e r h u s b a n d a n d b e a t h im o n e h u n d r e d t i m e s . A f t e r t h a t s h e w e n t t o h e r l o v e r ’s r o o m . It w a s d a r k so she c o u l d n ’t s e e t h e m a n on t h e s o f a v e r y well.

2 . w e ll :

88

Th e S t o r y o f t h e Yo u n g K i n g of t h e B la c k Is l a n d s r*

‘H ow a r e you t o d a y , m y l o v e ? ’ s h e said. ‘S p e a k t o m e ! ’ T h e k i n g a n s w e r e d , ‘I’m v e r y t i r e d . W h e n y o u b e a t y o u r h u s b a n d , he s h o u t s v e ry loudly a n d I c a n ’t sleep. T a k e t h e spell off. I d o n ’t w a n t to h e a r him a n y m o r e . ’ The q u e e n w a s v e r y h a p p y t o h e a r h e r l o v e r ’s voice a g a in . She said, ‘I’ll t a k e t h e spell o f f i m m e d i a t e l y , m y lo v e .’ She w e n t b a c k to h e r h u s b a n d ’s r o o m a n d t o o k a cup o f w a t e r , w h ic h s h e h e a t e d on a fire. T h e n s h e s a i d s o m e m a g ic w o r d s a n d t h r e w t h e w a t e r o v e r t h e block o f m a r b l e . ‘Now y o u a r e f r e e , ’ s h e s a id . ‘Go a w a y f r o m h e r e a n d n e v e r c o m e b a c k . ’ The y o u n g king j u m p e d f o r j o y , 1 a n d t h e q u e e n w e n t b a c k t o h e r l o v e r ’s r o o m . ‘My h u s b a n d is f r e e , ’ s h e said. ‘Are y o u b e t t e r n o w , m y l o v e ? ’ The king a n s w e r e d , ‘I’m still t i r e d . Every n ig h t a t m i d n i g h t t h e fish in t h e lake j u m p o u t o f t h e w a t e r a n d cry a n d s h o u t loudly. I c a n ’t s le e p . T a k e t h e spell off. I d o n ’t w a n t t o h e a r t h e m a n y m ore.’ The q u e e n i m m e d i a t e l y r a n t o t h e lake a n d t o o k t h e spell off. The fish b e c a m e m e n , w o m e n a n d c h i l d r e n a g a in , a n d t h e lake b e c a m e a city. T h e q u e e n w e n t b a c k t o h e r l o v e r ’s r o o m a n d s a i d , ‘ T h e p eo p le a r e f r e e . Do you feel b e t t e r n o w ? ’ ‘C o m e h-ere,’ s a id t h e king. ‘C o m e c l o s e r . ’ T h e q u e e n m o v e d c lo se r. T h e n t h e king s u d d e n l y j u m p e d up a n d c u t h e r b o d y in half w ith his s w o r d . ‘The q u e e n is d e a d , ’ he said t o t h e y o u n g king. ‘And y o u r city a n d y o u r p e o p le a r e f r e e . ’ The y o u n g king w a s v e r y h a p p y .

1 . ju m p e d f o r jo y : ju m p e d up a n d d o w n w ith h a p p in e s s .

89

TALES FROM /TT k T lie u sa n ^ an3 One f(igb1~s

‘W h y d o n ’t y o u c o m e b a c k w ith m e t o m y c o u n t r y ? ’ a s k e d t h e king. ‘I h a v e no c h ild r e n o f m y o w n . You c a n be m y s o n a n d rule m y k i n g d o m w h e n I d ie .’ ‘T h a n k y o u , I w i l l , ’ r e p l i e d t h e y o u n g k i n g i m m e d i a t e l y . ‘I n e v e r w a n t t o le a v e y o u . ’

PART T W O

T h e St o r y o f t h e Yo u n g K i n g of t h e B la c k Is l a n d s ‘G o o d !’ said t h e king. ‘I’ll s e n d m y vizier t o t h e Black Islands. H e ’ll be a g o o d S u l t a n . ’ So t h e t w o k in g s m a d e p r e p a r a t i o n s f o r t h e i r lo n g j o u r n e y b a c k t o t h e k i n g ’s c o u n t r y . T h e y a r r i v e d s a f e l y a n d t h e y b o t h lived p e a c e fu lly f o r t h e r e s t o f t h e i r lives.

tr. j

G o b a c k to the text o

Put the sentences in order and complete them with a verb from the list in the correct form. throw

make

go

find

kill

cut . take

A |

j The k i n g ................... th e q u e e n ’s lover a n d .....................his body down a well. •

B |

| The q u e e n ................. th e spell off the young king.

C |

J The two k i n g s .................... preparations for the long journey home.

D |

| The q u e e n ................. to the dome every day to see her lover.

E

A king from a d istant c o u n t r y .................... the young king in the dome.

F

The k i n g ................... th e q u e e n ’s body in two pieces. 9

Multi-word verbs The queen p u t a m agic spell on the young king. She turned his legs into marble. Later she took it o ff.

These are 3 examples of multi-word verbs. A multi-word verb is a verb (put/take/look etc.) -t in/out/off/up etc. More examples of multi-word verbs like put (sth) on, turn (sth/sb) into and take (sth) off: • If you don't understand a word, look it up in a dictionary. • Before you buy those jeans, you should try them on. • This m eat is bad. I'm going to th ro w it away. • If you make a mistake, cross it out.

• P u t your books aw ay now! It ’s time to go home. • Jo picked the spider up and put it outside.

92

0

Complete the sentences using one of the multi-word verbs in the grammar box. Use the pronouns it or them . Example: Wow! I love your new coat? Can I try it on? 1

Your shoes are very d ir ty ! .................... before you come in!

2

If I take the shopping out of the bags, can y o u ..................... please?

3

This chair is old and broken. Let’s ..................... Do you know Hari’s telephone n um ber or shall I telephone directory.

in the

Tom, your clothes.are all over the floor!..................... please! / Q

W it c h e s a n d w iz a r d s

Match the characters with their stories Merlin

The Lord o f the Rings

Circe

Cinderella

Gandalf

The Arthurian Legend

Professor McGonagall

The Odyssey

The Fairy Godm other

H arry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone

►►► IN TER N ET P R O J E C T < « Follow the instructions on page 6 to find the website you need. Find the answers to these questions about the witches and wizards in exercise 3. ► What did Circe turn men into? ^ What magic trick does Merlin show Arthur how to do in the 1963 film The S w ord in the S tone? ► When did Gandalf become Gandalf the W hite? ► What did Professor McGonagall teach at Hogwarts? ► What did the Fairy Godmother turn the pumpkin into?

93

o

C h a ra c te rs

Which people (A-J) are the sentences about? 1

Shahrayar and Shahrazad, his vizier’s daughter A

2 3

The Enchanted Horse C Prince Firouz

D The princess of Bengal

Ali Baba

F

Morgiana

The Second Voyage of Sindbad th e Sailor G

5

B Shahrazad

Ali Baba and th e Forty Thieves E

4

Shahrayar

Sindbad

H Diamond m erchants

The Young King of the Black Islands I The young king J The young king’s wife

Who... 1

climbed a tree?

__

2

danced with a dagger?

__

3

didn’t w a n t to m arry a Sultan?

__

4

found a beautiful princess?

__

5

gave m oney to poor people?

__

6

had a bad wife?

__

7

had magic powers?

__

8

had m ore th a n one wife?

__

9

heard voices in jars?

__

10

travelled a lot and had m any ad v en tures? *________ __

11

liked listening to stories?

12

lived in a beautiful white palace?__________________ __

13

married his cousin?_________________________________

14

w a n te d to help th e people in her country?____________

15

put a sleeping potion in her h u s b a n d ’s wine?_______ __

16

rode a flying horse?______________________________ __

17

th re w big pieces of m e a t into a valley?_______________

18

told stories to save her life?_______________________ __

94

__

E

^

I

T

T

E

S

T

Look at these sentences about the five stories. They are all incorrect. Rewrite them correctly. 1 2 3

S h ah ray ar’s vizier had th ree daughters. The Indian’s horse w as special because it was m ade of wood. The captain’s best m an put a red cross on Ali Baba’s door.

4 5

Morgiana killed th e captain with a sword. Sindbad climbed a m ountain and saw a big white dom e in the distance. The Valley of Diamonds was full of flowers and trees. The young king’s wife built a black dom e for her h u s b a n d ’s body.

6 7 Q

X

P r e p o s itio n s

Complete the sentences with the correct proposition. 1 2 3 4 5 6

......................his bedroom window, Shahzam an could see th e garden ......................his b r o th e r ’s palace. The captain put his hand in his pocket to t a k e ....................... som e money. The queen filled th e black d o m e precious carp ets and paintings. At midday rocs and eagles f l e w ....................... into th e Valley of Diamonds and picked the m e a t ........................ The Sultan put th e p r in c e s s ....................... his horse and th e y rode ......................to his palace. The captain and th e thieves w e n t into th e cave and the door closed ......................them .

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uses the EXPANSIVE READING approach, where the text becomes a springboard to improve language skills and to explore historical background, cultural connections and other topics suggested by the text. The new structures introduced in this step of our R E A D I N G & T R A I N I N G series are listed below. Naturally, structures from lower steps are included too. For a complete list of structures used over all the six steps, see The Black Cat Guide to Graded Readers , which is also downloadable at no cost from our website, www.blackcat-cideb.com or www.cideb.it. The vocabulary used at each step is carefully checked against vocabulary lists used for internationally recognised examinations. This

reader

Step One A2 All the structures used in the previous levels, plus the following:

Verb tenses Present Simple Present Continuous Past Simple Past Continuous Future reference: Present Continuous; going to; will; Present Simple Present Perfect Simple: indefinite past with ever, never (for experience)

Verb forms and patterns Regular and common irregular verbs Affirmative, negative, interrogative Imperative: 2nd person; let's Passive forms: Present Simple; Past Simple Short answers Infinitives after verbs and adjectives

Gerunds (verb + -ing) after prepositions and common verbs Gerunds (verb + -ing) as subjects and objects

Modal verbs Can : ability; requests; permission Could : ability; requests Will: future reference; offers; promises; predictions Would ... like: offers, requests Shall: suggestions; offers Should (present and future reference): advice May (present and future reference): possibility Must: personal obligation Mustn't: prohibition Have (got) to: external obligation Need: necessity

Types of clause Co-ordination: but; and; or; and then Subordination (in the Present Simple or Present Continuous) after verbs such as: to be sure; to know; to think; to believe; to hope; to say; to tell Subordination after: because, when, if (zero and 1st conditionals) Defining relative clauses with: who, which, that , zero pronoun, where

Other Zero, definite and indefinite articles Possessive 's and s ’ Countable and uncountable nouns Some, any; much fm a n y, a lot; (a) little, (a) few ; all, every; etc. Order of adjectives Comparative and superlative of adjectives (regular and irregular) Formation and comparative/superlative of adverbs (regular and irregular)

Available at Step One: is Home for Christmas Andrea M. Hutchinson

h Miami Police File: the O ’Neil Case Gina D. B. Clemen

m Missing in Sydney Andrea M. Hutchinson

■ Sherlock Holmes Stories Arthur Conan Doyle

■ Tales from The Thousand and One Nights * Tristan and Isolde

/

Tales from o A selection from the fam ous collection of Oriental stories, including the classic favourites A li B a b a an d the Fo rty Thieves and Sind b ad the Sailo r, The S to r y o f S h a h r a y a r a n d S h a h ra z a d , h is V iz ie r's D a u g h te r, The En ch an ted Horse and The S to ry o f the Young K in g o f the B la ck Islands.

Travel through th e s tr e e ts o f old Baghdad, around luxurious palaces and gardens in India, to d esert islands in th e China seas... all in the c o m p a n y o f k in g s , s u l t a n s , p r i n c e s s e s , m e r c h a n t s , e n c h a n t e d horses, sailors and th ieves. Wide range o f a ctiv ities practising th e four skills • KET-style activities T rinity-style a ctiv ities (Grade 4) D ossiers on V ersio n s o f ‘The T housand a n d O ne N ig h ts ’ and B a g h d a d , the c ity o f ‘The T housand a n d One N ig h ts ’

• Internet projects Special AUDIO CD/CD-ROM w ith th e te x t recorded in full and a variety o f g a m es and activities for further practice Exit t e s t w ith a n sw er key A

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step

CEFR A2 CEFR B1.1 CEFR B1.2 CEFR B2.1 CEFR B2.2 EFRC1

Exam Level KET Exam Preparation PET Exam Level PET Exam Preparation FCE Exam Level FCE Exam Preparation CAE

ISBN 978-88-530-0517-5 9788853005175

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This volume without the side coupon is to be considered a sample copy not for sale

788853 005175 Book + CD-ROM

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K ey to Exit Test 1

1 G, E; 2 F; 3 D; 4 C; 5 G; 6 I; 7 J; 8 A, E; 9 F, 10 G, H; 11 A; 12 D; 13 I; 14 B; 15 J; 16 C, D; 17 H; 18 B.

2

1 Shahrayar’s vizier had tw o daughters. 2 The Indian’s horse was special

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1 from, of; 2 out; 3 with; 4 down, up; 5 on, back; 6 behind.

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