BS en 13036-6-2008 [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

BRITISH STANDARD

Road and airfield surface characteristics — Test methods — Part 6: Measurement of transverse and longitudinal profiles in the evenness and megatexture wavelength ranges

ICS 93.080.10; 93.120

12&23 0,2 mm and ≤ 0,5 mm;

Class 3

> 0,5 mm and ≤ 1,5 mm.

3.4

Acquisition sampling interval of longitudinal profiling

Class 1

≤ 50 mm;

Class 2

> 50 mm and ≤ 125 mm;

Class 3

>125 mm and ≤ 250 mm.

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3.5

Reporting sampling interval of longitudinal profiling

Class 1

≤ 100 mm;

Class 2

> 100 mm but ≤ 250 mm;

Class 3

> 250 mm but ≤ 500 mm.

3.6

Large wavelength cut-off (-3dB) of longitudinal profiling

Class 1

≥ 100 m;

Class 2

< 100 m but ≥ 50 m;

Class 3

< 50 m but ≥ 10 m.

3.7

Vertical resolution of transverse profiling

Class 1

≤ 0,2 mm;

Class 2

> 0,2 mm but ≤ 0,5 mm;

Class 3

> 0,5 mm but ≤ 1,5 mm.

3.8

Acquisition sampling interval of transverse profiling

Class 1

≤ 75 mm;

Class 2

> 75 mm but ≤ 150 mm;

Class 3

> 150 mm but ≤ 350 mm.

3.9

Acquisition repetition interval of transverse profiling

Class 1

≤ 1 m;

Class 2

> 1 m but ≤ 5 m;

Class 3

> 5 m but ≤ 10 m.

3.10 Reporting repetition interval of transverse profiling Class 1

≤ 5 m;

Class 2

> 5 m but ≤ 10 m;

Class 3

> 10 m but ≤ 20 m.

3.11 Transverse gradient measurement accuracy of transverse profiling Class 1

≤ ± 0,15 %;

Class 2

> ± 0,15 % but ≤ ± 0,30 %,

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Class 3

4

> ± 0,30 % but ≤ ± 0,60 %.

Procedures of measurement

4.1 4.1.1

Methods for measurement of profiles Methods of profiling

Any device able to obtain a real profile is valid for profiling if it satisfies the objective of the measurements. 4.1.2

Selection according to the objective of the measurements

The selection of the valid method and requirements for the measurement shall be in accordance with the intended result of the surface evaluation. The minimum profile accuracy required with respect to the objective of the measurement shall be included in specifications for the measurement.

4.2 4.2.1

Operational guidelines Field operations

4.2.1.1 Some devices require a certain measurement speed and that speed shall be kept constant for the entire test section. Most modern high-speed profilometers do not require a constant speed, but the speed shall be kept in the required speed limits. 4.2.1.2 During profile data collection event marks have to be used to initiate data acquisition. It could be an automated operation or an operator activity. A permanent reference point near the starting point on the side of the pavement (e.g. a road sign, a tree) have to be used for consistency. Several practice runs may be needed for data acquisition by a non automated method. 4.2.1.3 In some instances, inclement weather (rain, snow, lightning, humidity and heavy cross winds) may interfere with the acquisition of acceptable data. In general, profile measurements should not be conducted on wet pavements, particularly in the presence of pools of water, especially when displacement measuring lasers are used. In these circumstances, run-to-run variations and potential data “spikes” should be closely watched. In some cases changing reflectivity of drying pavements due to differences in brightness of the pavement (light and dark areas) will provide results inconsistent with data collected on uniform (dry) pavements (dropouts). The results shall be reported and considered as invalid. 4.2.1.4 In some instances, electromagnetic radiation from radar or radio transmitters will interfere with operations and data recording. The results shall be reported and considered as invalid. 4.2.1.5 If, during testing, the operator experiences unclear data collection, the test has to be ceased and the cause should be identified. If the variation is due to equipment problems, the problem should be corrected. If the distortions are due to causes beyond the operator’s control, such as radar interferences or low sun angle, the operator should decide whether to proceed with testing or await more favourable conditions. 4.2.1.6 Data identification rules are important so that all personnel will be able to understand where the data are taken.

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4.3

Field testing

4.3.1

Test preparation

Collection of profile data is the primary responsibility of the operator. The procedures to be followed each day prior to and during data collection with respect to daily checks of the device, start-up procedures, setting up the software for data collection and using the software for field data collection are briefly described in the following sections. 4.3.2 4.3.2.1

Daily checks General

The operator shall use a daily check list to check the device. 4.3.2.2

Static and stationary devices

All the elements used in the measurements shall satisfy the minimum accuracy and resolution of the profile according to the final objective and the specifications of Clause 4 of this European Standard. Instrument readings are typically recorded by writing field notes. Due to the large number of individual measurements involved in this test method, it is critical to eliminate as many sources of human error as possible. Standardized field forms with the longitudinal distances printed shall be used. The field forms shall complement the display of the computer screen when the numbers are typed into the computer. 4.3.2.3

Automobile mounted units

Equipment, which has an effect on the riding quality of the vehicle and the instrumentation, shall be inspected prior to the initiating of the testing. The operation instructions of the device shall be observed. 4.3.2.4

Trailer mounted units

These units eliminate some of the variables of the Automobile mounted units. Equipment which has an effect on the riding quality of the vehicle and the instrumentation shall be inspected prior to the initiating of the testing. The operation instructions of the device shall be observed. 4.3.3

Device use

All the devices shall be used according to the specifications of the manufacturer. 4.3.4

Calibration checks

The calibration of the devices shall be carried out in accordance with an adequate procedure. All the elements which intervene in the profile measurement (displacement sensors, accelerometers, encoders, physical properties of the supports, etc.) shall be calibrated according to the manufacturer’s specifications and in proper installations. Prior to calibration caution shall be exercised in order to ensure proper operation of all electronic and mechanical equipment. Calibrations outside the proper installation shall be avoided.

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4.3.5

Header information

Before testing, the operator has to go through a series of header forms and input data relevant to that section, device, conditions of measurement and settings. 4.3.5.1

Measurement device data



type of device;



last calibration date;



method of calibration;



classification of the profilometer according to Clause 7.

4.3.5.2

Measured values



units;



spacing interval between consecutive data of the profile;



filtering data;



evenness parameter or indicator (optional).

4.3.5.3

Field report



location and identification of test section;



date and time;



ambient temperature;



climate condition (e.g. wind, fog );



traffic conditions (if relevant);



type of pavement and condition;



lane and direction tested;



transverse position of the device for the measurements;



speed of test vehicle;



operator(s);



events key table.

4.3.6

Test sections

Measurement requirements, the selected evenness parameter or indicator and the device’s capabilities will require a minimum test section length. The length of such a test section shall not be shorter than 200 m. Each lane shall be considered as a separate test section. The surface shall be free of detritus prior to testing. The lateral position of the device shall be defined prior to measuring. Normally, measuring will be carried out in the wheelpaths.

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4.3.7

Test speed and temperature

Test speeds and ambient temperature shall fall within the ranges covered by the calibration procedure respectively the manufacturer’s specifications. 4.3.8

Data collection procedure

The profile measurements shall be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the measurement device to be used. The computed profile shall be recorded at adequate intervals for accurate representation of the travelled surface for the intended use of the data. The sampling frequency shall be twice or higher than the upper frequency of interest. In practice it shall be chosen slightly higher than twice as minimum. The upper filter frequency depends upon the intended use of the profile. In the case of longitudinal profiling where two or more paths of travelled surface are measured, the recorded profile data for the paths shall be recorded simultaneously to ensure there will be no longitudinal displacement between them. This requirement is not necessary if the analysis to be used is independent of the wheel tracks (for example, only quarter car analysis used). 4.3.9

Faulty check

Any observable difference between the measured profiles of the left and right wheel tracks that cannot be attributed to actual differences in the roadway mandate a repeat measurement. Any observable differences between the two identical runs, other than differences due to differences in the paths that were measured, indicate an equipment problem and invalidate the tests.

4.4 4.4.1

Equipment maintenance and repair General operations

The responsibility for proper equipment maintenance and repair decisions should be based on the testing schedule. Maintenance activities should be performed prior to operational actions. After any maintenance or repair activity the device should be calibrated if necessary or at least checked at a calibration site. 4.4.2

Routine maintenance

Routine maintenance includes work that can be easily performed with minimal disassembly of the equipment by the operator. The daily checklist must include a list of maintenance activities to be performed every day. The corresponding instructions of the operating manual of the device shall be observed. 4.4.3

Scheduled major preventive maintenance

Scheduled major preventive maintenance services will include much more than the routine checks. This service will require some disassembly of the equipment and will require capabilities beyond the skill of the operators and will usually require a later calibration. The interval between two consecutive maintenance measures will depend of the use of the device, but will not be more than two years. 4.4.4

Unscheduled maintenance

These are unscheduled repairs. These repairs, usually, will require a later calibration.

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5 5.1 a)

b)

c)

d)

5.2

Report Calibration report Administrative data shall contain: 

name of the calibration organisation and responsible reporter;



name of the owner of the device;



name of the operator or operating team of the device;



name, type and serial number of the device;



registration of the last calibration.

Technical data shall contain: 

test track or test section and location;



formulation of the task;



method of calibration;



description of the test set-up;



the time schedule;



the climatic conditions;



deviations of the execution of the set-up and/or the analysis.

Results shall contain: 

reference to the used data set and its labelling;



example of the calculation in accordance with the used method for a chosen profile;



classification of the device for the different performances.

The reports may be supported by figures, drawings, etc.

Survey report

After the measurement the acquired data shall be added to the header described in 4.3.5. The data included at the report (usually a computer file) would be: 

Profile(s) data. Corrected and filtered elevation data and, if spacing is not constant, corresponding distances from the origin for every data point. The data represent heights already corrected and filtered.



events associated with distances to origin;



evenness parameter or indicator (optional).

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6

Safety

Proper safety precautions for the traffic in the surrounding of the test section have to be observed. The test vehicle, as well as attachments to it, shall comply with the country regulations. Precautions imposed by law shall be taken to ensure the safety of the operating personnel and the public. National, regional and local safety standards shall be observed during any measurement operation.

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Bibliography

[1]

PIARC (1987): “Optimization of Surface Characteristics”. Report to the XVIIIth World Road Congress 1987 in Brussels, Belgium, from the Technical Committee on Surface Characteristics, World Road Association (PIARC) (formerly the Permanent International Association of Road Congress), Paris.

[2]

ASTM Standard E 867-97: “Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement Systems”

[3]

ASTM Standard E 950-98(2004): “Standard Test Method for Measuring the Longitudinal Profile of Travelled Surfaces with an Accelerometer Established Inertial Profiling Reference”.

[4]

ASTM Standard E 1170-97(2004): “Standard Practices for Simulating Vehicular Response to Longitudinal Profiles of Travelled Surfaces”

[5]

ASTM Standard E 1364-95(2005): “Standard Test Method for Measuring Road Roughness by Static Level Method”.

[6]

ASTM Standard E 1489-98(2003): “Standard Practice for Computing Ride Number of Roads from Longitudinal Profile Measurements Made by an Inertial Profile Measuring Device”.

[7]

ASTM Standard E 1500-93: “Standard Practice for Computing Mean Square Numerics from Road Surface Profile Records”. Note: this standard was withdrawn in 1998

[8]

ISO 8608:1995, Mechanical vibration - Road surface profiles - Reporting of measured data

[9]

EN ISO 13473-1, Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles - Part 1: Determination of Mean Profile Depth (ISO 13473-1:1997)

[10]

EN 13036-8, Road and airfield surface characteristics – Test methods – part 8: Determination of transverse unevenness indices

[11]

World Bank Technical Paper Number 45: “The International Road Roughness Experiment. Establishing Correlation and a Calibration Standard for Measurements”.

[12]

World Bank Technical Paper Number 46: “Guidelines for Conducting and Calibrating Road Roughness Measurements”.

[13]

Guidelines for Longitudinal Pavement Profile Measurement TRB - NCHRP Report 434]1,

[14]

FILTER experiment, FEHRL Final Report 2001/1.

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