Wireline Operation Course - Mahmoud F. Radwan [PDF]

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Basic Wireline Operations Course

Mahmoud F. Radwan Subsurface & Integrity Op. Act. Dept. Head Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Presenter Name:

Short Biography

Mahmoud Farag Radwan Mahmoud Radwan is a Subsurface & Integrity Operations Acting Dept. Head at AMAL Petroleum Company (AMAPETCO) with more than 12 years of experience in oil & gas industry. Mahmoud worked in Well Engineering, Intervention, Integrity & Work-over at several companies, including Badr El-Din Pet. Co. (BAPETCO), Qarun Pet. Co. (QPC) and Wadi El-Sahel Petroleum Co. (WASPETCO). Also, a freelance instructor at upstream Oil & Gas in Egypt & UAE since 2008. Mahmoud received a BSc degree in Petroleum Engineering from Al-Azhar University in 2007.

• •

Publications

•

•

Evaluating Sustainable Annulus Pressure (SAP) in Sour Wells and the Possible Causes to Avoid Recurrence to the Well Integrity Annual Middle East Conference in Abu Dhabi; UAE in Apr 2015 Implementing NDT methods for maintenance and inspection to the Asset Integrity Management North Africa Conference in Cairo; Egypt in Nov 2015 Feasibility Evaluation of Using Downhole Gas-water Separation Technology in gas Reservoirs with Bottom Water; paper number: SPE-183739-MS to the 20th Middle East Oil & Gas Show and Conference in Mar 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/183739-MS Managing the Operational Challenges in Corroded Wells through Well 2 Integrity Management System to the Improving Brownfield Performance Technical Convention, in Cairo; Egypt in Dec 2019

Course Objectives • Provide a full understanding of wireline operations. • Highlight the critical aspects of wireline and the pressure control. • Learn the function and use of a wide range of wireline tools. • Utilize a “hand-on” approach to learning in a workshop. • Use cutaway tools to ensure a complete understanding of downhole operation. • Become proficient in the operation of the wireline unit. • Learn the “job planning” aspects of a successful wireline operation.

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Course Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Pressure Basis & Well Completion Xmas Trees, Types of trees; single, dual, composite, solid block. Wireline, History and development Uses and limitations of wireline. Wire types and strengths. Wireline Units, Design, function and operating procedures Surface equipment: Pressure control equipment. Braided line equipment Pressure Testing, Test Procedures and safety precautions, Tool string Components Rig-up Procedures, Lifting options Plugs and Flow controls, Running and pulling procedures Sliding Side Doors, Description and use in the well and types Shifting tools and procedures, Additional Equipment Gas lift, Side Pocket mandrels uses, Gas lift valves – design, function and procedures. Wireline Parameters. Safety Management at Workplace.

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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PRESSURE BASIC & BASIS

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PRESSURE BASIC & BASIS Conversion Factors 1 Bar

=

14.5 psi

1 kPa

=

0.1461 psi

1 Atmosphere

=

14.7 psi

1 kg/sq m

=

0.20 lb/sq ft

1 meter

=

3.28 feet

1 foot

=

0.30 meter

1 cu ft

=

7.481 US Gallon

1 US Gallon

=

231 cu ins

1 US Barrel

=

5.6146 cu ft

1 US Barrel

=

42 US Gallon

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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PRESSURE BASIC & BASIS 1

Fundamentals of Fluids & Pressure

Pressure is defined as Force per unit area exerted by fluid i.e.

Pressure

=

Force

÷

Area

Using  concept, the formula can be changed:

2

Force

=

Pressure

×

Area

Area

=

Force

÷

Pressure

Basic laws of physics concerning fluids & gas •

Liquids are not compressible

•

Gases are compressible

•

Liquids & gases are both FLUIDS

•

Pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions.

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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PRESSURE BASIC & BASIS 3

Fresh Water

Fresh water weighs the same per unit volume anywhere in the world that is why it’s called “Universal Fluid”& used as STANDARD for comparison with other

fluid. Fresh Water Facts: PG

= Force (Density/ft3) ÷ Area (ins2)

•

Density of 62.4

• • • • •

Density of 8.33 lbs/gal = 62.4 lb/ft3 ÷ 144 ins2 = 0.433 psi/ft 3 Density of 7.48 US gal/ft Relationship between Density (ppg) & PG PG of 0.433 psi/ft (psi/ft) is always the same  0.052 is used as SG of 1 constant for any calculation between them. API 10º

lbs/ft3

= 7.48 gal/ft3 ÷ 144 ins2 = 0.052 psi/ft

Formula of Density (ppg) = Density (lb/ft3)  Density (US gal/ft3)  Density (ppg) = 62.4 ÷ 7.48 = 8.33 ppg Formula of fresh water PG if density in ppg is given, PG = Density (ppg) × Constant Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

= 8.33 ppg × 0.052 (constant) = 0.433 psi/ft 8

PRESSURE BASIC & BASIS 4

Specific Gravity (SG)

The ratio of the density of a substance compared to density of another substance which is used as the standard (Fresh Water). Many fluids in petroleum industry is expressed in SG as well as in wt ppg. It’s necessary to convert SG to PG to find HP.

To find SG of fluid simply divide fluid wt by fresh water wt. E.g. Salt water wt is 10 ppg.  Salt water SG = 10 ppg ÷ 8.33 ppg =

1.2

To find PG of fluid simply multiply fresh water PG by fluid SG E.g.

Find the HP of brine at 5000 ft TVD with brine SG of 1.17. HP of brine = 1.17 × 0.433 psi/ft × 5000 ft

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

=

2533 psi

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PRESSURE BASIC & BASIS 5

API Gravity

API gravity is another value used to express relative wt of fluids & was introduced by American Petroleum Institute to standardized the wt of fluids at base temperature of 60º F. Water as standard fluid had been assigned the value of 10º API gravity. To convert API gravity to SG, the following formula is used. SG = 141.5 ÷ (131.5 + APIº) E.g.

Find the SG of 30º API oil SG = 141.5 ÷ (131.5 + 30º) = 141.5 ÷ 161.5 = 0.875

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PRESSURE BASIC & BASIS 6

Hydrostatic Pressure (HP)

HP is the pressure developed by column of fluid at given TVD. “Hydro” means fluid & “static” means stationary.  HP is pressure created by stationary column of fluid. To calculate HP in psi of any fluid simply multiply TVD in ft by PG of fluid.

E.g.

Find HP in psi of fresh water at 500 ft TVD. HP = 500 ft × 0.433 psi/ft = 216.5 psi

To calculate HP in kPa of any fluid simply multiply TVD in meter by SG by 9.81 E.g.

Find HP in kPa of brine with SG of 1.32 at 1800 m TVD. HP = 1800 m × 1.32 × 9.81 = 23 308.56 kPa Bar = 23 308.56 kPa ÷ 100 = 233 Bar

To find BHA of 2 fluid column or more simply add the HP of the fluid column of the same unit of measurement together. Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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PRESSURE BASIC & BASIS 7

Case Study

What is the differential pressure in psi exists between the tubing & annulus at the SSD assembly located at 8960 ft MD (8200 ft TVD) in the tubing? Available Information:  The tubing/casing annulus is filled with 9.2 ppg brine full.  The well is S/I at surface with CITHP of 600 psi.  There is a gas cap of 0.6 SG gas down to 4000 ft fluid level  32° API oil from fluid level’ to 12000 ft. Steps: 1 Sketch your information. 2 Calculate HP @ 8200 ft TVD brine in annulus 3 Calculate HP of gas cap @ 4000’ 4 Calculate HP of oil column from 4000 ft to 8200 ft 5 BHP of tubing @ SSD, Gas HP + 32° API oil HP 6 Calculate the differential pressure at 8200 ft. Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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STEP 1 Always draw a sketch with all relevant information CITHP 600 psi

0.6 Gravity Gas

4000 ft Fluid Level

9.2 ppg brine

SSD @ 8200’ TVD

32º API Oil

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Case Study 1 HP of brine in annulus; = HP = =

SG × WPG × TVD 9.2  8.33 × 0.433 × 8200 3919.6 psi

2 HP of gas GCF from table CITHP x GCF

= = =

CITHP × GCF 1.087 600 × 1.087 =

3 HP of oil column; HP

= = =

SG × WPG × TVD 141.5  (131.5 + 32° API) × 0.433 × 4200 1573.9 psi

4 BHP in tubing @ SSD =

652.2 psi

652.2 + 1573.9 = 2226.1 psi

5  Differential Pressure @ SSD = = =

Annulus HP – Tubing BHP 3919.6 - 2226.1 1693.5 psi

Direction of flow is from Annulus to Tubing. Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Well COMPLETION Objective:

Provide general knowledge of design philosophy, types, functional requirements & accessories.

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WELL COMPLETION WC is the “hardware” of the outflow system & final stage of a drilled well. The design philosophy of WC is to “Maximize Profitability”.  by maximizing well hydrocarbon recovery.  by considering the full hydrocarbon resource life cycle. Quality concepts for WC is;

“A Quality Well is a well which contributes, over its life cycle, maximum monetary value, without compromising safety & environmental standards”

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WELL COMPLETION TYPE 1. 2. 3.

PRODUCER INJECTOR KILL

The well is either Vertically & Horizontally completed. 

Open Hole Completion



Uncemented Liner Completion



Gravel Pack / WWS Completion



Tubingless Completion



Cemented & Perforated Completion



Single String or Multiple String Completion



Convectional or Monobore Completion

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WELL COMPLETION Well Completion design is dictated by the type of well to be completed. 1.

Producer

2.

Injector

3.

Kill

The 3 considerations of designing well completions are; 1.

Inflow system

2.

Outflow system

3.

Number of zones to be produced

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COMPLETION Design 2 OUTLOW 3 PRODUCING ZONE

ZONE 1

ZONE 1

1 INFLOW

ZONE 2

PRODUCING ZONE

WELLBORE

PRODUCING ZONE

Interface between Producing Interface between Wellbore Zones & Wellbore & Surface Facility Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

ZONE 2

ZONE 3

ZONE 3

No of Zones 19

1. Inflow system - VERTICAL Technological advances allow boosting of the well inflow to a considerable extent – albeit at a cost.

OPEN HOLE Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

SLOTTED LINER

WWS or PREPACK SCREEN

GRAVEL PACK 20

1. Inflow system - vertical

STD CEMENTED & PERF PROD CASING Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

INTERNAL GRAVEL PACK 21

1. Inflow system - horizontal OPEN HOLE

SLOTTED LINER

PRE-PACK SCREEN

Production Casing Cement Sheath Open Hole Section

Slotted Liner

Pre-Pack Screen

◦◦ ◦◦◦ ◦◦ ◦◦◦ ◦◦ ◦◦◦ ◦◦

GRAVEL PACK

CMT & PERF LINER

Graded Gravel Gravel Pack Screen

Perforations

• ••••••••••••••••••• • ••• •••• •••• •••• Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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2. OUTFLOW – PRI RECOVERY It’s essentially a conduit with flow controls & where necessary artificial lift or pressure boosting facilities.

TUBINGLESS

HIGH PRESSURE

MONOBORE

With out tubing.

Cemented, perforated & completed with tubing & accessories.

With high rate liner

Low pressure gas reservoir

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

Restriction Free Susceptible for WI 23

2. OUTFLOW – SEC RECOVERY ROD PUMPING Pumping Unit

HYDRAULIC PUMPING

Production Casing

Tubing

Sucker Rod String Gas

Operating Fluid Level

Oil Tubing Anchor Plunger Pump Barrel Travelling Valve Stationary Valve Gas Anchor Perforations Sump

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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2. OUTFLOW – SEC RECOVERY GAS LIFT Compression

Manifold

Surge Tank

Gas

Water

Oil

Motorised Flowline Valve

Continuous Gas Lift Unloading Valves

Intermittent Gas Lift Gas Supply Control And Metering System

Unloading Valves Operating Gas Lift Valve (OGLV) Standing Valve

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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3. PRODUCING ZONES – SINGLE Single Completion

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

Single Selective Interval

Single Commingle

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3. PRODUCING ZONES – MULTIPLE Multiple Completion

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

Concentric Completion

Multiple Commingle Completion

Multiple Selective Completion

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Casing Design : Basic Construction 1. 30” conductor 2 2. Conductor setting depth 3 3. 20” surface casing 4 4. 20” shoe 5 5. Cement 6 6. Formation open to C annulus 7 7. 13 3/8” casing 8 8. Formation open to B annulus 9 9. 9 5/8” production casing 10. Liner hanger 11 11. 7” Liner 12. TD – Total Depth 12 1

10

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Completion Components – What’s installed 1 1. Tubing hanger (Upper annulus 2

3

4 5 9 5/8” Production Casing

6

8

7

9

10

11 12 Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

barrier) 2. SC-SSSV (Sub-surface barrier) 3. Control line 4. Tubing (Vertical barrier) 5. A annulus (tubing-casing) 6. Gas lift valves (in SPMs) 7. Expansion joint: Tubing Seal Receptacle 8. Anchor seal assembly 9. Production packer 10. Packer sealing element (Lower barrier) 11. Tailpipe 12. WEG 29

Tubing Hanger

Well COMPLETION COMPLETION ACCESSORY: 1 Anchoring Device 

Landing Nipples

2

Circulation Device

 

SSD SPM

3

Isolation Device

 

Packer Tubing Seal Assembly, PBR

4

Anti-Erosion Device

 

Blast Joint Flow Coupling

5

Others

   

WLEG Perforated Joint Control Line Tubing Hanger

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

Control Line Flow Coupling SCSSV Landing Nipple Top No-Go Nipple

SPM Top No-Go Nipple SSD

Top Packer SSD Producing Zone 2

Blast Joint

Btm Packer Bottom No-Go Nipple

Perforated Joint

WL Entry Guide Producing Zone 1

PRODUCER COMPLETION SCHEMATIC

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Well COMPLETION 1.

ANCHORING DEVICE Short tubular with 3 main features; Shoulder, Seal Bores Profiles.

1.1

Ported Nipple  Provides communication & receptacle.

1.2

Top No-Go  Receptacle for selective locks.

1.3

Bottom No-Go  Receptacle for No-Go locks & prevent tools drop into rat-hole.

1.4

WL

SV Nipple  Provides receptacle for SV locks & fluid.

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

hydraulic

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TRSV

DHSV 1. PASSV

WRSV

2. SCSSV -

WRSV

-

TRSV

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Well COMPLETION Orienting Sleeve

2.

CIRCULATION DEVICE Profile

2.1

Sliding Side Door (SSD)  Provide communication between tubing & annulus.  Incorporate nipple profile. inner sleeve with packing, & seal bores.  Advantage & Disadvantage Discriminator

2.2

Seal Bore Inner Sleeve 3 Positions

Side Pocket Mandrel  Provide communication between tubing & annulus.  Incorporate orienting sleeve, discriminator, receptacle with profile & seal bores for 1” or 11/2” valves.  Advantage & Disadvantage

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

Ports

Receptacle Releasing Shoulder

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SPM ACCESSORIES Dummy Valve • Blank off the communication port

Gas Lift Valve • Annulus injection pressure activated • Production pressure activated

Latches • Lock in receptacle profile

Locking & Releasing Mechanism

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Well COMPLETION 3.

ISOLATION DEVICE

PRODUCTION PACKER 3.1 Permanent Packer    

3.2

Integral casing part & run independently. Tubing run with connector & seal elements. Remove by milling. Electrically WL set.

Retrievable Packer

Hold-Down Buttons

Elements

 Integral part of tubing & run on production tubing.  Hydraulically set.

3.3

Inflatable Packer

Slips

 Well Intervention applications

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Well COMPLETION 4. 4.1

ANTI-EROSION DEVICE Blast Joint  Heavy-walled tubular.  Installed opposite perforations (non-gravel pack) where abrasive action & external cutting occurs caused by formation fluids or sand.

4.2

Flow Coupling  Heavy-walled tubular.  Installed DS FCD which caused turbulence e.g. Nipple, SSD, SCSSV.  High velocity & high pressures wells installed both US & DS.

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Well COMPLETION 5.

5.1

OTHERS

Wireline Entry Guide (WLEG)  Bottom most tubing accessories.  Provide easy access for WL tools into tubing.

5.2

Perforated Joint  Eliminate flow restrictions.  Provide true downhole flow readings.

5.3

Control Line  Transport hydraulic fluid to SCSSV  Continuous length & securely clamped on tubing wall.

5.4

Tubing Hanger  Set in THS , suspend tubing weight & provide sealing.  BPV Receptacle

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Well COMPLETION 6

COMPLETION ACCESSORY DEPTH RATIONALIZATION 1 DHSV  HP of control line fluid  Earth crater depth

2 Landing Nipple  Below kick off point for deviation.  Check well integrity  Hanging depth for FCD.

1

2

3

2 4 5

3 SPM  Hydrostatic head of hydrocarbon & communication

4 SSD  Depth of required communication

5 Packer

4 6 5 2

 Determined by reservoir depths.

6 Anti-Erosion Device  Determined by reservoirs & flow characteristics Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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WELLHEAD & XMAS TREE Objective:

Provide general knowledge of types, functional requirements & accessories.

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Wellhead Provides the following functions:  Anchor & connections for each individual casing  Pressure isolation of individual casing  Connection for Xmas tree  Connections for completion string  Isolation of production annulus  Access to annulus for pressure monitoring and/or pumping. Types of Wellheads:  Compact Wellhead (sub-sea)  Conventional Wellhead Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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WELLHEAD & XMAS TREE COMPACT WELLHEAD It’s positioned on the seabed. During drilling sub-sea BOP is installed above it.

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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WELLHEAD & XMAS TREE CONVENTIONAL WELLHEAD It’s a built up of modules. During drilling BOP is installed above it & it must be removed each time a new module to be installed & replaced the BOP on top of it before commence drilling. Features: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Starter Spool (Conductor Pipe) Surface Casing Head Surface Casing Hanger Production Casing Head Production Casing Hanger Tubing Head Tubing Hanger

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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WELLHEAD & XMAS TREE XMAS TREE Surface valves manifold to control flow of well fluids & access for well intervention activities. Features: 1 LMV Manual, NOT working valve optimum conditions.

2 UMV Emergency valve (Hyd/Pneu) & cut wire.

3 FWV Permits passage of well fluids to CV.

4 CHOKE VALVE (CV) Restrict, control or regulate flow of well fluids.

5 KWV Permits entry of kill fluids into tubing or equalize.

6 SV/CV Permits entry of well interventions. Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Xmas Tree Type Xmas Tree type: Solid Block (Mono Block) Xmas Tree Contains fewer components (for high pressure wells) Composite Block Xmas Tree Valves are located on separate block & joined by API flange. Horizontal Xmas Tree New concept used for sub-sea completion.

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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Dual Solid Block Xmas Tree

Basic Wireline Operations / M.F.Radwan

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WELLHEAD & XMAS TREE Wellhead Connection Types;  Screwed type (low press