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Expandable Liner Hangers: new technology for reducing pressure drop during circulating and cementing operations in Ecuador.
Well Control Asia Pacific - Conference & Exhibition 1
Overview
Liner Hangers
Expandable Liner Hanger Technology
Field Results Obtained in Ecuador Using Different Models of Expandable Liner Hangers
Ecuador Field Results Reproduced Using Commercial Simulators
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
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Typical Reasons for Running Liners Case off open hole more rapidly.
Casing takes a long time to run, drill pipe takes less.
Complete wells with less weight landed on wellheads.
Casing weighs a lot. Wellheads have a finite load limit.
Provide improved cement jobs and prevent lost circulation.
Cementing past long strings of pipe can cause high pressure at the bottom of the casing. This can cause the formation to breakdown. Less casing, less pressure.
Permit drilling with a tapered drill string.
For deep wells, the bigger the drill pipe the better.
Rig Capacity
Rigs, can only hold so much. Less weight, lower operational risks.
Economics.
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Casing costs money!
Liner Hangers
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Used to “hang” the liner in the existing casing. Supports the liner load. Prevents the liner from going into compression. Allows liner to be cemented if necessary. Can be combined with a liner packer.
Types of Liner Hangers Mechanical
Actuated by right or left hand rotation of the drill pipe. Typically run on vertical wells.
Hydraulic
Actuated by pressure. Typically run on horizontal wells or directional wells.
Expandable
Increased bypass area due to smaller OD of the system. No moving mechanisms in the annulus. Hydraulic balanced. Can be washed/reamed/drilled to depth. Top Down expansion of hanger and packer. Confirmation that hanger is set and running tool released prior to cementing.
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Expandable Liner Hanger Technology 6
Able to rotate or drill in a liner. Bigger by‐pass area. Able to hang liner and release from liner prior to cementation. Packer is set hydraulically without reliance on plug bump. Leverages off proven and highly successful expandable metal seal technology. Pressure differential 10Kpsi above, 7.5Kpsi below. Torque Rating 40Kft‐lbs. Able to apply slack off to push liner into the wellbore (200 K compression). Can be washed, reamed, and even drilled to setting depth. Plug bump desired but not imperative to success. Verify release of running tool prior to pumping cement. Set liner top packer after cement job.
Expandable Liner Hanger Technology
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Expandable Hanger Technology: by-pass area development
Original By‐pass area
First improvement By‐pass area
Current By‐pass area
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Flow Area Comparison: two designs of expandable slips
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Field Results (Ecuador) - two different hanger designs Operational conditions in PetroAmazonas (Wells). During expandable liner hanger installations Well # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Well name
Eden Yuturi J‐83 Yanaquincha Este A‐11 Yanaquincha Este A‐12 Eden Yuturi J‐84 Eden Yuturi D‐85 Yanaquincha Este A‐13 Jivino A‐16 Eden Yuturi B‐10 Eden Yuturi D‐86 Yanaquincha Este A‐14 Jivino A‐17 Eden Yuturi D‐87 Eden Yuturi A‐99 Jivino A‐18 Eden Yuturi D‐88 Yanaquincha Este A‐15 Eden Yuturi D‐89 Jivino A‐19 Dumbique 2I Eden Yuturi D‐90 Laguna A‐13 Eden Yuturi D‐113 Limoncocha 31 Limoncocha 32
Date
29‐Oct‐08 7‐Dic‐08 6‐Ene‐09 16‐Ene‐09 23‐Feb‐09 02‐Mar‐09 12‐Mar‐09 14‐Mar‐09 21‐Mar‐09 2‐Abr‐09 8‐Abr‐09 12 Abr‐09 05‐May‐09 07‐May‐09 08‐May‐09 09‐May‐09 30‐May‐09 05‐Jun‐09 12‐Jun‐09 17‐Jun‐09 10‐Jul‐09 18‐Jul‐09 14‐Aug‐09 09‐Sep‐09
Hanger before set Hanger after set (PSI @ 10 BPM) 1200 1050 1250 1200 1200 1150 @ 7 Bpm 1150 1460 850 1100 980 960 @ 8.5 Bpm 1350 850 1100 1500 1170 1020 1800 1250 1000 1050 1350 1200
(PSI @ 10 BPM) 1700 1900 1800 1750 1815 1550 @ 6 Bpm 1490 1875 1375 1600 1800 980 @ 8.5 Bpm 1450 1000 1180 1550 1200 1084 1900 1275 1200 1100 1500 1400
Statistical Results Differential Pressure (set and unset Exapandable liner Hanger). Pumping @ 10 BPM PetroAmazonas Wells (Field data)
Differential pressure between set and un set expandable liner hanger
900
800
700
600
500
New model Expandable Liner Hanger
400
300
200 Standard and old Expandable Liner Hanger 100
0 0
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Well number
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Expandable Liner Hanger Running Sequence RIH, circulate and clean the hole. Drop setting ball, pressure up
First Stroke to set the hanger Release setting tool Blow out setting ball Reset tool for second Stroke
Check that tool is released. Pump & cement, monitor for plugs bump Apply pressure for second stroke to set packer Pick up tool above liner top and proceed to test the seal Pull out of hole with the running tool
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Expandable Liner Hanger Packer Specifications Expandable Liner Hanger Specifications Liner size (in.)
Liner Weight Range (lb/ft)
Casing size (in.)
Casing Weight Range (lb/ft)
5.000 7.000 7.625
15 ‐ 18 26 ‐ 35 29.7 ‐ 39
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26 ‐ 29
9.625
47 ‐ 53.5
Setting Maximum Minimum Pressure OD (in.) OD (in,) (psi) 4,500 3,000 4,000
5.813 8.250 8.344
Bypass Area Liner size (in.) 5.000 7.000 7.625
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Casing Size/Weight 7" ‐ 26#/ft 7" ‐ 29#/ft 9 5/8" ‐ 47#/ft 9 5/8" ‐ 53.5#/ft 9 5/8" ‐ 47#/ft 9 5/8" ‐ 53.5#/ft
Set (in.2) 80 Ksi 125 Ksi Extension Extension
Unset (in.2) 125 Ksi 80 Ksi Extension Extension 3.5 2.6
2.8 2.6
2.7 6.5
5 4.1 6.9
5 3.7
4.5 3.5
4.223 6.188 6.820
Expandable Liner Hanger Packer Specifications…
(Cont’d)
Liner Hanger Seal Size (in.) 5 x 7 7 x 9.625 7.625 x 9.625
Pressure Pressure Rating from Rating from above (psi) bellow (psi) 11,500
10,500
10,000
7,500
Temperature Operating Range (F) 300
Hanger Body Size (in.) 5 x 7 7 x 9.625 7.625 x 9.625
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Material 80 Ksi MYS 125 Ksi MYS
Burst (psi) 12,343 10,415 14,434
Yield Tensile Collapse Rating (lb) (psi) 11,391 9,737 13,600
453,610 664,558 1,033,547
Typical Cementing Program (PetroAmazonas)
Pump 5 bbl to fill lines Test cement lines 6000 psi Pump 30 bbl casing Clean Pump 5 bbl of water Pump 30 bbl of casing clean Circulate until clean returns Mix lead slurry +/‐ 15 ppg Pump Mud plus surfactant 30 bbl Pump casing clean 30 Bls @ 5 bpm Pump fresh water 5 bbl Pump Clean mud 12 ppg @ 5 bpm Pump clean mud 110 Bls 12 ppg Pump lead slurry 14 ppg @ 5 bpm Pump tail slurry 15.5 ppg @ 5 bpm Release plug Displace with mud at 10 bpm Check for plug bump 15
Process Followed for Reproducing Field Results (Ecuador)
Pressure drop prediction through expandable liner hanger, during circulating operations.
Obtain information about: Sur vey, detailed well schematic, BHA, circu lating fluids, etc.
Obtain real information (field data associated to pressure drop) for calibrating the simulation model.
Repr oduce field data and validate Cd for the specific completion and BHA configuration.
Predict possible pressur e drop through the system taking into account the new flow area and circulating fluids.
Conclude about results
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Determine coefficient of discharge (Cd), taking into account liner hanger configuration and field data.
Field Results Reproduced Using Commercial Simulator
Results comparison. Pressure drop determination during circulating operations using conventional Liner Hanger. Pumping conditions Rate Rate Gal/min Bls/min 168 4 252 6 336 8 420 10 504 12
Real pressure (psig) Simulated pressure * (psig)** 150 254 860 561 990 990 1650 1540 2200 2200
* Real pumping pressure (field data) ** Simulated pumping pressure Equivalent flow area (3.9 sq. in). (Hanger has been set) Drilling fluid weight 10.5 ppg
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Field Results Reproduced Using Commercial Simulator Pumping pressure during well circu lating process using conventional Hanger Comparison between real and simulation data (10.5 ppg completion fluid) 2 500 2 250 2 000
P um ping pre ssur e (p sig)
1 750
1 500 1 250
1 000
750 500 250
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Pu mpin g ra te (Bls/min ) R eal d ata
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Simu lat ed res ults (3 .9 in2)
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Field Results Reproduced Using Commercial Simulator Pumping pressure comparison (simulated) using new expandable liner hanger (16.5 ppg completion fluid) 4000 3750 3500 3250 3000 Pumping pressure (psig)
2750 2500 2250 2000 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 0 0
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Pumping rate (Bls/min) 3.9 in2 equivalent flow area
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6.5 in2 equivalent flow area
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Conclusions
There is a reduction in pressure drop during cementing operations using new model of expandable liner hanger versus traditional and old expandable liner hangers models.
Documented reduction in pressure drop during cementing jobs has been above 400 psi approximately (average) when circulating @ 10 BPM using the new Expandable Liner Hanger.
Using commercial software it was possible to reproduce field results. This methodology is being used for predicting possible behavior and planning actions before expandable liner hanger installations.
Optimum design must consider circulating area of tie back extension and liner hanger. 20
Conclusions (cont’d)
Pressure drop results obtained during cementing circulation jobs, using expandable liner hangers, depends on the liner configuration and well survey. In this sense, the coefficient of discharge calculated in each case, during the simulation process, could be adjusted for other liner configurations.
For other applications such as liner drill/ream down operations, this study may help to predict down hole conditions and to avoid operational problems due pressure spikes or reduced flow area.
This study helps to understand changes in pressure behavior in liner hanger installations, during fluid displacement across different flow areas improving cemented job conditions.
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Acknowledgement
With PetroAmazonas personnel support and using PetroAmazonas wells was possible to optimize by pass area of expandable liner hangers.
Currently optimal by pass area (taking into account engineering, HS&E and customer technical criteria), is 6.5 in2 after set.
Pressure drop reduction during circulating operations were documented using real wells (PetroAmazonas) under real operational conditions.
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