Italian Method [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

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ree Milena Reynolds

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A DORLING KINDERSLEY BOOK

LONDON, NEWYORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, AND DELHI

This edition first published in Great Britain in 2003 by Darling Kindersley Limited, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL First published in Great Britain by Hugo's Language Books Limited Copyright © 2003 Darling Kindersley Limited A Penguin Company 10 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. A C I P catalogue record is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-4053-0102-2 Hugo Italian in Three Months is also available in a pack with three COs, ISBN 978-1-4053-3294-1 Hugo Italian in Three Months is also available with Hugo Advanced Italian as Hugo Complete Italian in a pack with six COs, ISBN 978-1-4053-3291-0 Written by Milena Reynolds Lecturer in Italian Morley College, London

This new edition of Hugo Italian in Three Months has been written for us by Milena Reynolds, whose experience in teaching her native tongue ranges from beginners to post graduate level. She has drawn on this expertise to produce a simple yet complete course for students aiming to acquire a good working knowledge of the language in a short time, and who will probably be working at home alone. The course also covers all the basic GCSE syllabus, both structural and communicative, and so could be used as a class textbook for that exam. The book begins with a detailed study of pronunciation (our 'imitated' system will help you through the early stages). The rest of the course is divided into ten parts, each of which should take roughly a week to complete so even if you proceed slightly slower than expected, you will still finish the course inside three months. Each part has a main theme divided into three or four related topics with dialogues, through which the grammar is presented concisely and clearly, with plenty of examples and exercises. This course maintains the Hugo principle of teaching only what is really essential for a firm grasp of practical, up-to-date Italian. Using the book together with our CDs is an ideal combination and provides a further dimension to your studies. Ideally you should spend about an hour a day on the course (maybe a little less if you don't have the CDs), although there is no hard and fast rule on this. Do as much as you feel capable of doing; it is much better to learn a little at a time, and to learn that thoroughly. At the beginning of each day's session, spend ten. minutes recalling what you learned the day before. When you read a conversation, say it out loud if possible (listen to the CD and see how closely you can imitate the native speakers).

Printed and bound by Starlite Development International Ltd. Discover more at

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Study each rule or numbered section carefully and reread it to ensure that you have fully understood the grammar and examples given. Then revisit the preceding conversation and note how it embodies the constructions PREFACE

3

Pronunciation

explained in the numbered sections. Next do the associated exercises. Try to understand rather than memorise; if you have understood, the exercises will ensure that you remember the rules through applying them.

Week 1

Week 2

Week3 •

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

11

26

Talking about where you live Mr, Mrs, Miss, Ms Plurals of articles Plurals of nouns and adjectives Present tense of '-ere' and '-ire' verbs My, mine, your, yours, etc Renting a flat 'C' e' (there is) and 'ci so no' (there are) Prepositions: to, from, of, at, etc Question words: whose?, what?, where? Conversations and exercises 6-17 New words

•

Asking the way, buying tickets This, that, those, etc Indefinite adjectives (some, any, etc) Taking buses and trains Numbers Telling the time Past participles Talking about the past Travelling by plane and car Irregular verbs

Conversations and exercises

18-28

Greetings, booking a room Gender Articles: a, an, the Questions Negative sentences Making introductions Present tense of 'essere' (to be) Forms of address Present tense of 'avere' (to have) Present tense of '-are' verbs Talking about what you do and where you live Conversations and exercises 1-5 Vocabulary

When the course is completed, you should have a very good knowledge of Italian - more than sufficient for general holiday or business use, and enough to lead quickly into an examination syllabus if required. We hope you will enjoy Hugo Italian in Three Months, and wish you success with your studies.

4

7

48

New words

Week4

•

69

Booking a room Modal verbs: want, can, must Verbs ending in '-isco' Buying property Imperative Irregular presents Irregular imperatives The euro and more numbers: 1,000 to 1,000,000,000 Days of the week, months and dates Asking about facilities Conversations and exercises

29-39 New words

Week 5

87

Buying a drink Object pronouns: me, you, him, etc Conditional: 'I would do ...' Imperative with object pronouns Irregular verbs Irregular past participles Two verbs for 'can': 'sapere' and 'potere' Likes and dislikes: 'Mi piace'/ 'Non mi piace' Ordering a meal Uses of the preposition 'da' Conversations and exercises

40-51 New words

Week 6

108

Going shopping The pronoun 'ne' Object pronouns w1th perfect tense Double pronouns ('he gives it to me') At the bank

CONTENTS

5

•

Ordinal numbers: first, second, third, etc More irregular verbs Making a complaint Conversations and exercises

52-62 New words

Week 7

126

Describing ailments Reflexive verbs ('I enjoy myself') Describing an accident Imperfect and pluperfect tenses ('I was doing', 'I had done') Use of perfect and imperfect tenses Imperfect of 'essere' Parts of the body Irregular plurals More irregular verbs Conversations and exercises

63-73 New words

Week 8

147

Talking about hobbies and . mterests Comparatives: more, less Superlatives: most, least Irregular comparatives and superlatives Arranging a meeting Prepositions with infinitive Apologising Writing a letter Expressions using 'avere' Agreement and disagreement Use of the verb 'fare' Irregular verb 'accorgersi' Conversations and exercises

Before you start the first chapter, read the following rules on pronunciation. If you use the COs, read the words and sentences while you listen. Italian pronunciation is easy and once you have mastered those sounds which are different from English you will find that you can pronounce the printed words quite easily. When reading, follow the basic rules of our imitated pronunciation given below

Choosing form of address Irregular verbs: imperatives Shortened imperative forms followed by pronouns Talking about current affairs Gerund ('doing', 'going', etc) Continuous present and imperfect Use of 'stare per ... ' Irregular verb 'eleggere' Negative pronouns and adverbs: nothing, nobody, never, etc Verbs ending in '-gliere' Spelling, acronyms, and e-mail Conversations and exercises

THE IMITATED PRONUNCIATION For a while we give the imitated pronunciation for each new word as it occurs in the text or in the vocabulary list at the end of the chapter. In this imitated pronunciation the Italian sounds are represented by English syllables; read each syllable as if it were part of an English word. After the third chapter we will continue to put an acute accent on those words which are not stressed on the penultimate syllable. If in doubt about pronunciation, go back to this introduction or listen carefully to the COs.

83-92 New words

Week 10

•

190

Getting to know people Future tense Irregular future and conditional tenses Future perfect and past conditional Talking about jobs and interests Each other/one another Use of prepositions 'a', 'da', 'di' Talking about the weather Use of disjunctive pronouns Conversations and exercises

•

When reading the imitated pronunciation, remember that:

ah

sounds like a in 'fast' but is shorter than in English;

oh

sounds like the o in 'order' and even the 'au' in 'caught';

eh

sounds like the e in 'poem' or even the lay' in 'say' but much shorter; .

n'y

sounds like 'ni' in 'onion';

l'y

sounds like 'lli' in 'million';

hr

sounds something like a Scottish r.

93-100 New words

Key to exercises Mini-dictionary

211 227

Italian-English English-Italian

Index

•

2s1

74-82 New words

Week 9

167

Talking about jobs Relative pronouns: who, whom, which, that, etc

6

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

All new words appear in the vocabulary list at the end of each chapter. If you feel doubtful about the pronunciation check the imitated pronunciation in the lists for the first three chapters.

PRONUNCIATION

7

STRESS In Italian all words end in a vowel and are generally stressed on the next to last syllable:

e

is pronounced like 'ai' in · said or like e in 'poem'

letto [leht-toh] bed mela [meh-lah] apple

•

is pronounced like 'ee'

vino [vee-noh] wine

1

albergo [ahl-bair-goh] hotel finito [fee-nee-toh] finished idea [ee-deh-ah] idea

•

I

1n

meet' .

If the stress falls on the last vowel, that vowel will have a grave accent

caffe [kahf-feh] coffee perche [paihr-kay] why

0

is pronounced like o in 'not' or like o in 'almost'

posta [pos-tah] post sono [soh-noh] I am

u

is pronounced like 'oo'

cura [koo-rah] cure

•

I

1n moon'

Si ('yes') has an accent because it might otherwise be confused with si ('oneself'), and e ('is') is accented to distinguish it from e ('and'). If the stress falls on the, last syllable but two (and rarely on the last but three), then we will put an acute accent on the stressed vowel throughout the book (although this accent is not normally shown in modern Italian):

PRONUNCIATION OF CONSONANTS Most consonants are pronounced like their English counterparts. The exceptions are:

c

timido [tee-mee-doh] shy bellissimo [behl-lees-see-moh] very beautiful

is pronounced like 'ch' in 'much' before e and i

ci [chee] there

but it is pronounced like k in 'king' before o, a and u

casa [kah-zah] house

che [keh] that

The combinations -ia, -io, -ie at the end of a word are normally considered as a single syllable, so the stress falls on the preceding syllable :

ch

.js always pronounced like k in 'king'

Venezia [veh-neh-tsiah] Venice doppio [dohp-pioh] double

g

giro [jee-hroh] trip is pronounced like j in 'jeep' before e and i, gara [gah-rah] race but it is pronounced like g in 'go' before a, o and u guida [gwee-dah] guide

Exceptions are marked with the acute accent

scrivania [skree-vah-nee-ah] desk

•

gh

-is always pronounced like g in 'gate'

laghi [lah-gee] lakes

gli

is pronounced like 'll' in 'million'

luglio [loo-l'yoh] July gli [l'yee] the

gn

is almost like 'ni' in

ogni [oh-n'yee] every gnocchi [n'yohk-kee] dumplings

PRONUNCIATION OF VOWELS The Italian vowels are a, e, i, o and u. Each vowel has only one sound, but o and e can be open or closed according to their position, as you will see below.

a

8

is pronounced like a in 'car' but it is shorter in Italian

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

sala [sah -lah] hall Ia [lah] the

I

•

compan1on

f

PRONUNCIATION

9

h

qu

r

s

sc

is not pronounced at all

ha [ah] he has

is pronounced like 'qu' in 'queen'

qui [qwee] here questo [qwehs-toh] this

is rolled, something like a Scottish r

caro [kah-hroh] dear

is sharp as in 'see' before consonants, when double, or at the beginning of words

strada [strah -dah] road sesso [sehs-soh] sex sala [sah -lah] hall

but it is like z in 'lazy' between two vowels

casa [kah-zah] home

is pronounced like 'sh' in 'she' before i and e

sci [shee] ski scena [sheh-nah] scene

but it is pronounced 'sk' as in 'skip' when followed by a consonant or by o, a, u

scusa [skoo-zah] sorry scrivo [skree-voh] I write

You will learn: how to book a room in a hotel in Italian to introduce yourself, say where you come from to say hello and goodbye to use the formal form of address

.

The grammar includes: gender of nouns and adjectives a rt ic Ie s 't h e' (iI, Io, Ia , I') a n d ' a ' (u n , u n o, u n a , u n' ) . negative sentences questions 1 present tense of 'to be' Cessere') and 'to have' (' avere') , ~ present tense of regular '-are' verbs Cparlare')

All'albergo Dialogue between the hotel receptionist and Mrs Branson, .~ · " .. who is booking a room. MRS BRANSON

RECEPTIONIST

z

is pronounced like 'ts' 1n gutsy •

I

pranzo [prahn-tsoh] lunch

MRS BRANSON

f

RECEPTIONJST ·· "'

or softer like 'dz' at the beginning of words

zero [dzeh-hroh] zero ~~ . MRS'"BRA

: .·. · .·.

ditta [deet-tah] firm, but dita [dee-tah] fingers sonno [son-noh] sleep, but sono [soh-noh] I am

·~

. . RECEPTIONIST ·(8 ,'~-~.· MRS BRANSON · · soho ·· ,....,~-~ .

Double consonants are emphasized and pronounced as if there were a short pause in front of them:

e···

RECEPTIONIST

,~.

E ingl

. "' '.'"' "' . No, sono amertcana. . 'i".'W'i!)' Ha un documento, per favore ·..., ·. · ·•.· Sl, ecco il passaporto. · . · · · · .: ·, .

MRS BRANSON

RECEPTIONIST MRS BRANSON

.

. .. ,..,

.

:ti;i!L

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~'1i!Vt:i

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.• -.•

• •

IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (7/8)

•·..

oh; ah•ee; ah; ahb-be-ah-moh; ah-veh-teh; ahn-no h. pahr-lah-hreh; pahr-loh; pahr-lee; pahr-lah; pahr-liah-moh; pahr-lah-teh; pahr-lah-noh; ah-bee-tah-hreh; lah-voh-hrah-hreh; ahs-kohl-tah-hreh.

.

. .-. .TRANS.LATION C

·

· ·. · · ·

. ..

At the Brazzis' · ., "

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G.oeicf.e vening, Mr White. ;J; -' MARY & JOHN . G:o~~l ;e,yening. . . '::, .· :. . . RITA· .j~~~;ii;~~;;l~iPY lJusbattd San.dro. RITA

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. . . ·. ·. ,. · · ·:. ·: . CONVERSATION ·c. · . , . .

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__ , signor . · · h.,,.~·~ ;B!!9St~ra.

MARY & 'J

•· ~· · •·.· .· . o

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SANDR'b·' .

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Questa e mia moglie, Mary. SANDRO Molto lieto, signora. RITA Siete americani vero? MARY Sl, siamo di New Yorl .· '

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MARfA ..,... ·~., *~~~t~r~nd ----- - ;f!:..

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Fill the gaps with the correct form of the words given in brackets:

.

IleXt Weekend vv: f t~ , ~ ~ ; ~ , ~ ;(' t ,g invite all . ., ...'- '. . . . .' .,. '" ' ·y .. •1I· ,,, - :.' ?: (!)lll\Er;'~~~~l!l:~ts. . . ou Wl come, ,w;Q,JJ:t:·,.~l!~~~itt ' . . ·>~,,,,,..,~"~,, • ,.J:z;L ,, ,, ~·. . , tUIGI Ye-s/:we will be pleased to. Write. your new address here. Do you live far fron1 the centre? MARIA Yes, we live in the suburbs but there is the underground nearby. LUIGI Good. See you Saturday then. Goodbye. MARIA Bye Luigi. See you soon. tth t1'

You live in a small house on the outskirts of London, with two bedrooms, a large kitchen and a big garden. Describe this to your business acquaintance signor Bianchi (8), who is planning to come and visit you.

..

.,:~ ~

.f

~

B

.

".

YOU B

YOU B

Lei abita a Londra, vero? Sl, rna non in centro . . . (I live in the suburbs). Ah, e difficile venire a casa Sua? No, ... (there is the underground nearby).

E una casa o un appartamento?

. E ... (a small house wzth a large garden). '

In Inghilterra ci sono molte di queste case? Sl, al pianterreno c' e ... (a large kitchen). E al primo piano che cosa c'e? Ci so no ... (two bedrooms and a bathroom). Ma la vostra casa non e troppo lantana dall'ufficio?

YOU

B

No, ... (it is quite near).

Siete proprio fortunati!

....-----Exercise 8 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , Answer the following questions about Conversation 8:

1 Quante camere da letto ha l' appartamento di Maria? 2 Ache piano e?

Italian verbs ending in -ere and -ire in the infinitive have very similar endings in the present:

3 Che cosa fa Luigi il pr6ssimo weekend?

vivere (to live) dormire (to sleep)

· 4 Maria vive vicino al centro? 5 C'e la metropolitana vicino alla casa di Maria?

•

•

10

tu Lei, lei, lui • llOI •

VOl

loro

32

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

VIVO • • VIVI • VIVe • • viviamo • VIVete , VIVOllO

dormo dormi dorme dormiamo dormite dormono

WEEK 2

33

Other Italian verbs like vivere are: prendere (to take), vedere (to see), scrivere (to write). Verbs ending in -ire and conjugated like dormire are: sentire (to hear), vestire (to dress), aprire (to open).

In order to establish ownership you use these possessive · adjectives and pronouns: •

There are many irregular verbs ending in -ere and -ire and they will be explained as they occur in the book.

•

my, mine your, yours (Jam.) his, her, hers your, yours (form.) our, ours your, yours (pl.) their, theirs

IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (12) vee-veh-hreh; vee-voh; vee-vee; vee-veh; vee-vee-ah-mo; vee-veh-teh; vee-voh-moh. dohr-mee-reh; dohr-moh; dohr-mee; dohr-meh; dohr-mee-ah-moh, dohr-mee-teh; d6hr-moh-noh. prehn-deh-hreh; skree-veh-hreh; sehn-tee-hreh; vehs-tee-hreh; ah-pree-hreh.

m. sing. • IDIO tuo suo Suo nostro vostro illoro

f. sing . • m1a tua sua Sua nostra vostra Ia loro

m. pl. • • m1e1 • tUOl • SUOI Suoi • nostr1 • vostr1 iloro

f. pl. • m1e tue sue Sue nostre vostre le loro

NOTE: all these adjectives and pronouns agree with the gender and number of the thing possessed, not with the possessor:

,-----Exercise 1 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . Complete the following sentences using the correct present tense of the verb given in brackets:

Ia sua casa i miei libri

his house my books

Note also that in Italian they are preceded by an article:

1 La signora Bianchi (vfvere) in periferfa. (

2 I bambini (dormire) in una pfccola camera da letto. 3 Noi (prendere) il treno. 4 Voi (sentire) molto rumore dalla strada? 5 6 7 8 9 10

E tu perche non (aprire) la finestra? Voi (vedere) molti film alla televisione? Gianni e Maria (vestire) con molta eleganza. Voi non (sentire) mai il campanello. Dove (mettere) le valigie lo studente? Noi (con6scere) Firenze molto bene.

Ia nostra camera our room i vostri pensionanti your lodgers BUT the article is omitted with most of them before members of the family in the singular: •

•

IDIO mar1t0 sua moglie

Loro, however, is always used with an article: illoro padre

34

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

my husband his wife

their father

WEEK 2

35

IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (13) mee-oh, mee-ah, mee-eh' ee, mee-eh; too-oh, too-ah, too-oh'ee, too-eh; soo-oh, soo-ah, soo-oh'ee, soo-eh; nohs-troh, nohs-trah; nohs-tree, nohs-treh; vohs-troh, vohs-trah, vohs-tree, vohs-treh; eel lohr-hroh, lah lohr-hroh, ee lohr-hroh, leh lohr-hroh.

· CONVERSATION ·c

Un appartamento da affittare ••

Mrs Smith needs."to.rent a flat in Naples. Sbi.eJi~s-found one and wants to find.·:outfrom the landlord, signorli.· P.'IanL as . much as possible about location, facilities etc. · '

•

..-----Exercise 11 - - - - - - - - - - - - - .

PIANJ

Complete the following sentences using the correct form of the possessive adjectives with or without the articles, as in the rule in Section 13.

SMITH

PIAN I SMITH

Example: Questa e (my) camera. Questa e Ia mia camera. Questa e (my) moglie. Questa e mia moglie.

Abbiamo un appartamento ammobiliato libero in luglio. Dov'e l'appartamento? . E viciho .al centro di Napoli. · ·. '+ ·.· · C'e. . ui;~ ; scuola vicino? Perche i.-rJrtiei figli van9-~': in(,!ora a scuola. •. . . · .:·I:;:l~. i}:·: ,~ .. .Si,l:et...i~~~1Jt. o, le scuole elemen~ tal.l~!11l! ~~:rh' J0!0 . ' ' .. . '~,._t ''b~~f~i.~-i'.d:Qc;he ~;: ~' .

·PI ANI

..

:-•·--,_...,, '"

''

una ·s cuola media. '

1 Oggi invitiamo Mario e (his) figli. 2 (her) appartamento

SMITH

e al terzo piano.

PIAN I SMITH

3 I Bianchi vivono con (their) famiglia.

PIAN I

4 Vivete ancora con (your) genitori? 5 Ho un appuntamento con (my) amici.

SMITH

PIAN I

6 Vivi con (your) madre?

SMITH

7 Signora, Lei conosce (our) ditta? 8 Questo

e (my)

10 Signori, sono queste (your) valigie?

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Sl, rna l'affitto del garage e extra. Capisco. E quante stanze ci sono? Tre camere da letto, Ia sala da pranzo, il tinello, una cucina moderna e due bagni. A che piano e? AI sesto piano, rna c'e l'ascensore. L'ap en to e ammob . . · ero? C'e

. . essarto .

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. · . . · ·.· .·

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~

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trice, l'aspir'a· ·.· ···.·•·•.•

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··'if' e formam o anc·Jr•~··'

·· :' · ·l;:;;~u;

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SMITH

i'

j;·'

C'e un garage per Ia nostra macchina?

'

i

· : ··

',. ..

..

padre.

9 Signor Bianchi, dove sono (your) valigie?

-

. ,.t •it·:-:··~)·

.

•

Ben. . ~~J ~...;.~· Abbiamo noi Ia biat i miei bambini chiedono se c'e anche Ia televisione. Si, certo. . Ci sono negozi ll vicino? Questo e importante per noi. Sl, :c'~ un supermercato nella stessa strada e anclie.. un. .mercato in Piazz·a :rn;~ipe·n.denza. E possfbile avere le chiavi oggi p~r vedere · l'appartamento? Certo. ..

•

'

PIANI

SMIT~ PIAN I SMITH

PIANI

36

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

WEEK 2

37

As you have seen in the conversation, when you want to use ~there is' or ~there are' in Italian you use c~e and •

c1 sono: c'e un supermercato there is a supermarket • • ct sono negozt there are shops Note that c'e and ci sono remain the same with a question and in the negative form:

· ®m ~

,l

~it

"!

SMITH .,· Tfie

•

•

I

~urit flat i.s furni~hed, '

f

'i

C'e la metropolitana? Is there the underground? Ci sono negozi? Are there shops?

. isn't it1\ everything +

~~

!

,,

N o, nonce.

No, there isn't. Si, ci sono molti negozi. Yes, there are many shops .

1

piovided? .· , • Yes, tlaete'l is a washing m~~ chille, a vac~nirn cleaner, a 'dislf:iwa.sher a.nd we proV;ide linen if ••

•• •

1

.,, ..,....

, , ., .

""'·"'

I

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PI~NI II

I •

WI Ou ~l''I ~

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mh·!tiu!\;',~d~l~~~~.! 1i~,~~od·t·

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IMITATED PRONUNCIATION (14) '

\

I

!f!~~~~~~~:~f1~\~ :mmll!t1l!i1Hll!i!ll

cheh; chee soh-noh; soo-pehr-mehr-kah-toh; neh -goh -dzee; meh -troh -poh-lee-tah -nah .

.-----Exercise 12 _______________, Answer these questions concerning Conversation C as explained above. You may answer yes/no etc, but give a full reply if you can:

1 La signora Smith ha bambini? 2 L'affitto comprende il garage? 3 La signora desidera avere la biancheria? 4 Dov'e il mercato?

5 C'e tutto il necessaria nell'appartamento?

38

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

WEEK 2

39

These are the only prepositions that have a contracted form in modern Italian. All the other prepositions which you will see in the book are separate from the following article: .

The most commonly used prepositions are:

a da di in su

to, at from, by of in, at on

per Ia ragazza con i miei figli

These prepositions are used in the same way as in English when they are followed by the indefinite article (un, una, uno or un):

a un figlio to a son

di una signora of a lady

But when they are followed by the definite article (il, lo, Ia, 1', i, gli, le) they contract and combine to form one word. These are all the possible forms of contracted prepositions: •

a

da di •

Ill

su

a da di •

Ill

su

m. Sing. al allo dal dallo del dello nello nel sui sullo

m. pl. 'ai dai dei nei sui

all' dall' dell' nell' sull'

f. sing. alla dalla della nella sulla

all dall' dell' nell' sull'

for the girl with my children

In Italian there is no equivalent of the English 'apostrophe s' (as in 'the student's room'); possession has to be expressed by di, del, etc:

the student's room

Ia stanza dello studente

These prepositions are also used in expressions like:

the kitchen door

Ia porta della cucina

When asking the question 'whose?' in Italian you say

di chi?: Di chi e questa casa? Whose house is this?

f. pl.

agli dagli degli negli sugli

aile dalle delle nelle sulle

'What?' is translated by che? or che cosa? (often shortened to cosa?):

Che/Che cosa/Cosa desidera? What do you want? 'Where' is translated by dove:

Dove abita? Where do you live?

40

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

WEEK 2

41

..-----Exercise 13 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . Answer the following questions using the correct form of the contracted prepositions del, dello, dell', della, dei, degli, delle: Example: Di chi questa stanza? (ragazza) E della ragazza. Whose room is this? It is the girl's.

e

1 Di chi

2

3 4

5

e I'appartamento?

1 II ristorante 2 II bar

2 La figlia della signora vive con il suo ragazzo.

3 Non vedo la differenza tra questa casa e l'altra. 4 La chiave della porta e dalla portinaia. 5 L'inquiHno prende la cartolina dalla cassetta

Put the following sentences into the singular:

1 Mettiamo la nostra macchina in garage.

2 Partiamo per l'ufficio da soli.

3 Scrivete a vostra sorella oggi? 4 I suoi fratelli vfvono qui? 5 Sentono molti rumori nelle strade affollate .

------------------------------~

e vicino ... parco.

1 Trovo l'appartamento ammobiliato sui giornale.

.----Exercise 16----------------.,

Put the correct form of the contracted prepositions al, allo, all', alia, ai, agli, aile in the spaces provided: Example: La stazione parco.

Put the following sentences into the plural:

delle lettere.

(signor Rossi) Di chi e Ia scrivania ? (studenti) Di chi e questo libro? (mio amico) Di chi e Ia macchina? (signora Rossi) Di chi e Ia camera? (bambini)

..----- Exercise 14

.----Exercise 15 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____,

La stazione

e vicino ... zoo.

e vicino ... ristorante.

3 La sala e vicino ... cucina. 4 Il parco e vicino ... giardini. 5 La porta e vicino ... finestre. 6 I ragazzi so no vicino ... aibergo.

e vic in o al

...-----Exercise 17 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___, Translate the following sentences:

1 Mary lives with her father in Rome. 2 My flat is near the centre of Milan.

3 Whose bedroom is this? It is the children's. 4 Their kitchen is small. 5 Where do you (plural) live, in a flat or (in) a house?

7 I libri so no vicino ... studenti.

42

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

WEEK 2

43

•

eta'"'"' '""""~. . . . . ~;~,+J

CO

1

JJ!.~,i1iJ:~~·:~Hli· ...~8!l!i[1iti

.. '" .- '

~·

··~({ ~~~

..

;

''

'

London

Londra (f.) [lohn-drah] lontano da [lohn-tah-noh dab] luglio (m.) [loo-l'yoh] '

ma [rnah] · macchina (f.) [ma.h k-kee:nah] madre (f.) [1nah-dreh] mangiare ·[n1ahn-ja h-hreh] Metropolttana (f.) ~ '

t,

'.

far fro1n July but

car ~'

t

-~.:

l

.~t

··

..

,

[meh·Jro.h~ptD,h -1~e-nah--i0alll~

· .... . · [fe~f-~~~p . qre~t

mother to eat Underground -~~~-

·--~

,pJ\1

il (m. pl.) [inoh-bee-lee]

.din·~t.t. ~·w. "'~'ry· {· -~~hit~~ ~~~!i. uf~~t~i·~~h~~ J>~tl~~ JtJ~F~,.· .,. u' · e.: no ·: moiJ"'u~er'ifJ. noiiJ ·

.,;jn egozil0 (m. )il!Enem -gih.. (lziotl]

bl;l"Y ,

. f?C~JJ.p~to ;;~ohl~-k~o-yah 41tohJ occupazione (f.) · [oB.R- koo: pali-diioh ~nell] 6spite (m; &f.) r6hs-pee-teh] padre (m.) [pah-dreh] pasto (m.) [pahs.-toh] pensionante (m. & f.) [pehn . . sioh-nahn-teh] periferia (f.) [peh- hree, ~fell~ l1r.ee- ah] piano (m.), [pJah~noh] p1ariterreno (m.)

ii1

•

'i .

.:..

~ ~·~··:

~

tt~~

--~

v ~a

··-:~m.

•
A

>

~\;;:!Jv.,!li,.,

modernizing.

·

fsee, DUt iS there Water '"''..o;.; ·rl'i!·•pli=i•~H>.$_ -~·· '-~-~~~' .< - --~~t: --·

-,

..-----Exercise 39 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . Translate the following sentences:

1 They must book the room before August.

...... ·.~:~ .t? '

-

.

acqua (f.) affittare a ffitto (m.) ._,._

;-·-

- -·-,•·v

'

anno ~IIP·> :-:-*#:~~f#! ...:

$ '+~;-_ ";~Snt.

•

•

how to order a drink and a meal to accept or refuse offers of drink and food to invite others for drinks and meals

•

U\'' ._.... ..,

'

born night today patient full board slowly map to prefer • price to clean to restore to 1nodernize caravan farmhouse lou11ge, drawing room stairs to go down to serve facilities . week shopping to stay, to be to pay attention, to be careful to keep calm late tourist tax tent to keep too, too much ...... to come willingly . ' to want, wish '.. JL " . we would like

,-

--~ -~

conditional ('I should/would ... ') imperatives with pronouns irregular verbs: 'bere', 'cu6cere', 'dire', 'sapere, difference between two verbs for 'can': 'sapere' and ·' potere' likes and dislikes: 'mi piace/non mi piace' uses of the preposition 'da ,

·-': .

.'"

CONVERSATION A

..

AI bar dell'albergo Bitl White is having a drink at the bar with Nina Fazzini, another guest at the hotel. BILL

NINA

Che cosa prende da here? Io prenderei un aperitivo analc6lico,. ... e Lei? Io pre:t;).do un Martini. _;. Se pe.r tnette, oggi offro io . Ma no, mi ha gia invitato ieri. ·· Si figuri. II Martini, lo preferisce secco o rosso? Rosso, grazie. Eccoli. Salute! Salute! Allora Le posso offrire 11na tartina? Grazie, la prendo proprio volentieri. Si, le fanno buone, qui. :E .Ia: .JoJ;q, specialita . "'. . m-- .. N~ pjcl:;(diamo un'altra? ..· .· . ·. Si graz~e. E un altro aperitivo? - ".~; ·. ~~.

•,

. .

'

•

The grammar will include: pe rsonal object pronouns Cme', 'you', 'us', etc)

ffillllffiUll1

-

'~».

·~!

spesa (f.)

Yo u will learn:

tip mornmg less I am sorry

BILL

NINA ..

.,

·--~ . -~n

BILL

.

NINA BILL

NINA BILL

•

NINA BILL '•

NINA

c•O·

·-

-

--

-

'"'

----

'

.

-w

'""

.

..

'

BILL

NINA

J

. ···''

.

86

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

WEEK 5

87

->"~.

' " •..'·i~H• ·, :· :·-:->·· ·

.

'

-. ·

>·'

.-· ..-. ''"'"···:c

Read Conversation A carefully, then answer the following questions:

_.,

..

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

. ·-~-••

.. •

..

...... J_,_._, .. >

-1-.

'

·' '

1 'of it' or 'of them':

Quanto pane vuole? Ne voglio un chilo. How much bread do you want? I want one kilo [of it]. Quanti amici inglesi ha? Ne ho molti. How many English friends do you have? I have many [of them]. WEEK 6

109

Quante pastine desidera? Ne vorrei tre. How many little cakes do you want? I'd like three [of them]. Note that ne must not be omitted in Italian, while 'of it' and 'of them' are usually omitted in English. 2 'some' or 'any' when they are not followed by a noun:

Ha degli amici? Si, ne ho. Do you have any friends? Yes, I have some. Ha del vino? No, non ne ho. Do you have any wine? No, I don't have any.

When you use direct object pronouns (me, her, etc) with the perfect tense, the past participle must agree (i.e. its ending changes in the same way as when it is used with essere):

l'ho visto l'ho vista li ho visti le ho viste mi hai visto mi hai vista vi ho visti

3 'about it', 'about them': vi ho viste Chi parla di politica? Tutti ne parlano. Who's talking about politics? Everyone's talking about it.

.------Exercise 5 3 - - - - - - - - - - - - - . Answer these questions using 'ne' and the expression g1ven. •

•

Examples: Quanti francobolli vuole? Quanti fratelli ha?

.. . 4---t Ne vorrei quattro. ... 1~ Ne ho uno.

1 Quanto olio vuole?

. . . un litro.

2 Quanto pane vuole?

. . . un chilo e mezzo.

3 Quante mozzarelle vuole? 4 Quanto salame vuole? 5 Quante arance vuole? 6 Quante macchine ha? 7 Quanti figli ha? 8 Quante scarpe ha? 9 Quanti soldi ha? 10 Quanto tempo ha?

110

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

... una sola. ... 2 etti. ... 2 chili. ... 1

... 4

Non ... molte. ... pochi. Non ...

have seen him have seen her I have seen them (men or men and women) I have seen them (women) you saw me (a man is talking) · you saw me (a woman is talking) I saw you (several men and women or all men) I saw you (women) I I

Note that li and le, being plural, do not take the apostrophe. Note also that when the object pronoun is indirect - 'to me', 'to her' - the past participle does not change to agree with it.

.~-Exercise 5 4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . Answer the questions using 'lo', 'Ia', 'li' or 'le' and changing the ending of the past participles if necessary. Examples: Ha invitato Marfa?~ Sl, l'ho invitata. Avete comprato le pesche? ~ Sl, le abbiamo com prate.

1 Ha invitato tutti gli amici? 2 Ha visitato la galleria? 3 Ha visitato il museo?

4 5 6 7 8 9

Ha portato i panini? Ha mangiato le paste? Avete invitato vostra su6cera? Avete guardato il catalogo? Avete comprato le riviste? Avete preso la mancia? 10 Avete visto Giovanni?

WEEK 6

Ill


q>

'·,

:'f:O:ij;"-

-.->:

•

•

"

•

'·

'"~>"-:----·:·

·:lt%~~~\~-:'

'''

Ho comprato questa camicia stamattina:j, e vorrlei cam)iarlajftl i'e r ... Ia taglia sbagliata~ COM MESSA Ma non l'ha provata prima? •. ·. JEFF No, rna ho.f it hiest6'" il qti~~anta e questo e il quaranta. COM MESSA Mi dispiac~, sign~re, ID@~1pon . . . •·. i , . un quarantadue in quel colore. JEFF Allora mi puo da~e ind~~tro i ~n2ldi?". l~\~n:,,,. 0 COM MESSA Vede, c'e scritto qui: "Noh si fa11no im~,\~1p·· · rimborsi'. Ma Le posso dare un altro colore. . "''"' ''k'"' . avetedato · .· ·. ... JEFF No, e colpa" vostr~ che taglia sbagliata. Se non avete la mia , . ,.;;,,k·'fF, taglia, voglio indi~tro i Juldi. ·')ll~l}\lfr> · . COMMESSA Guardi, telefono all'altro nostro negozio e sc neanche loro ce Le do un buono che pu-~ :c~".

'

..

'

", .'r,-,~::.{~~-----~;:;,$n>~-~~-

f ....

-> ; -

. '

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.;.

•-,

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y

. _,. •..;:...,.

... _:

std~

--·-.·iit.~It---;·;. ,·;~~.-~:''·'

.

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. ;: '~::·:·:~;.

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_,.

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f;: ~-~--~;::.. -~v.:::J:::-s-'~--

.

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· ..·- ·--:: =~~~~~~:.HUT'·:::~ .· · -t:.:w~>.:..;" ::;-~

.

.-_,.~ ''

-·· -:-:-' '

'

"

132

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

WEEK 7

133

The endings of the imperfect tense are formed by removing -re from the infinitive and adding -vo, -vi, -va,

-vamo, -vate, -vano: (

parlare parlavo parlavi parlava parlavamo parlavate parhivano

vedere vedevo vedevi vedeva vedevamo vedevate vedevano

•

venire •

ven1vo • • ven1v1 • ven1va • ven1vamo • ven1vate , vemvano

To help you with the use of these two past tenses, remember: the perfect is used when the action · happened in the past and is over with, the imperfect is used when the action went on for an unspecified period of time:

Ho mandato una lettera a Maria perche non stava bene. ho mandato: stava:

The action is over and done with. Mary was unwell for an unspecified period of time.

ero • er1 era eravamo eravate , erano

I was

When talking about something which happened in the past you use the imperfect tense:

1 to describe people or things:

Garibaldi aveva Ia barba. Garibaldi had a beard.

you were he/she was we were you were they were

2 to describe habitual or continuous action, as in English 'I used to do' or 'I was doing':

Maria mangiava quando sono arrivato. Mary was eating when I arrived. Da piccola abitavo in campagna. As a child I used to live in the country.

3 to describe something that happened in the past and went on for an unspecified period of time: I bambini non volevano uscire.

The children did not want to go out. •

134

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

WEEK 7

135

r----

Exercise 67

------------------------------~

~- Exercise

68

------------------------------~

Answer these questions addressed to you, using the imperfect tense: Examples:

Answer the following questions using 'ero' or 'eravamo' and the expressions given. Examples:

Andava a scuola quando era pfccolo/a 7--+ Sl, andavo a scuola quando ero pfccola/o.

Perche non e venuto ieri? ... impegnato.-+ Perche ero 1mpegnato. (Why didn't you come yesterday 7)---+ (Because I was busy.)

Andavate a scuola quando eravate pfccoli? > Sl, andavamo a scuola quando eravamo pfccoli._

1 2 3 4

Studiava quando era piccolo? Faceva molti sport quando era a scuola? Viaggiava molto quando abitava in Italia? Andava sempre in macchina quando lavorava in centro? 5 Sentiva molto i rumori quando dormiva al pianterreno? 6 Facevate molte gite quando eravate in montagna? 7 Andavate fuori spesso quando abitavate a Milano?

8 Fumavate quando avevate 18 anni? 9 Mangiavate solo verdura quando vivevate in Inghilterra? 10 Compravate sempre il giornale quando lavoravate in Italia?

•

Perche non siete venuti ieri? ... impegnati .--+ Perche eravamo impegnati.

1 Perche e andato all' ospedale? ... malato. 2 Perche non ha scritto? ... indisposto.

3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10

Perche non ha telefonato? ... arrabbiato. Perche non e venuto prima? ... troppo Stanco. Perche non ha visto il motorino? ... distratto. Perche non avete pre so il caffe? ... senza soldi. Perche siete andati dal dottore? ... malati. Perche non siete venuti? ... stanchi. Perche non vi siete fermati di pili? ... in ritardo. Perche avete chiamato l'ambulanza? ... molto preoccupati.

_ _ Exercise 69 ___________~ Change the following sentences into the imperfect tense and make a contrast. Example: Adesso non leggo piLL-+ Una volta leggevo molto. (Now I don't read any more.)-+ (Once I used to read a lot.)

1 Adesso non viaggiate pili.

2 Adesso 3 Adesso 4 Adesso 5 Adesso 6 Adesso 7 Adesso 8 Adesso 9 Adesso 10 Adesso

non non non non non non non non non

ci preoccupiamo pili. viaggiano pili. scrivi pili. lavora pili. mi diverto pili. usciamo pili. fumo pili. leggi pili. parlano pili .

•

136

ITALIAN IN THREE MONTHS

WEEK 7

137

.-------Exercise 70----------------., Put these sentences into the past tense, using Jieri', making sure that you use both the perfect and imperfect tenses where necessary. Example: Prende un' aspirina perche non si sente bene.-+ leri ha preso un' aspirina perche non si sentiva bene.

1 Prendo l'autobus perche sono stanca. 2 Non guardo Ia televisione perche non funziona. 3 Sono a Firenze e vado agli Uffizi. 4 5 6 7 8

Noi andiamo dal dottore perche abbiamo la febbre. II dottore ti vfsita in casa quando sei a letto malata. Mi alzo aile dieci perche e festa. Mentre leggo il giornale entra il mio 6spite. Mentre scrivo la l




•

rnondo (m.) tnostra (f.) museo (m.) occasione (f.) palazzo (m.) passatempo (m.) passeggiata (f.) .,,., .,

operatic music, op world exhibition museum opportunity palace, block [of flats] .> t:!..........,time

F

as:s one (f.)

Ill . ~. ! ·ea&·n :i ·r.w

'

• )

. , h unge,j;,~itl!l!!;~li!l~l~

i

t,.. ..()

effort to manage, ~~::;;·~~~· to stop, to sta~ party ,.•

ONTHS

,,

iii·n ter

'

· · (f.)

.interest~·nl

'

to cr fi~i;z~ >

falri fatica farcela · fermarsi festa (f.)

Dear [madam] kind degree to meet unbeatable, outstan~,·~.~c'-'R intelligent, clever :l'lfi!tb: derstand ··'·""'.'.+ib·

l

.I.!·~+~

criti"'~

f;!!l:Jif.i!\c .:,~genius

genio (m . ) Gentile gentile grado (m.) • • tncontrarsJ insuperabile intelligente intend ere •n te:ressar.s1 ' inV:;erno (m.) invito (m.) lirica (f.) • n1agg1ore magnifico rnale tneglio 1nigliore • rn1nore •

confArl3e""[\Z;~jjf;fl~i

cos

festival (m.) Firenze (f.) fissate fre

165

de c i e your ·o tal choose the p r ri t disc ss c rre t a rs sp I a es, c nyms n

e er I r ss

I

!J e r, mmar

•

-ma ·1 d resses

ill inclu e:

rea ·ve pro ou s (w o, w om, which, t at etc) im ratives o ' a ', ' ir ', ' nda e' a', i '~ fa , sta ~~ va it ron s lish '-in o m in ini ive use of eru d ( continuo s pres t i rfect tenses ('st , st vo ru sta r ... ') ( t I e ativ pronouns a a v r 0 I nev rl etc) n verbs irr g a r v r · ' I , I Q In - i rei I

I

•

I

•

•

I

I

9

167

PR "'

·e

n

.

The relative pronouns are sometimes omitted in English, but in Italian they are always expressed. ·

• 10

They are:

0. . •

MARfA

CUI

1 che to translate the English 'who', 'whom', 'which', 10 .

'that' when they are not used with a preposition:

e a' . . Faceva . un anno -pii:t di noi a ;rmJ·n>,

'

c~pagnia. .

. . . .... ola.

la signora che e venuta the lady who came gli u6mini che hai conosciuto the men (whom) you met gli uffici che restano aperti the offices that stay open

'

.,

TRANSLATION A

·

: d;-;-.,-y.,· .• :;· ....... .. accessori, (m. pl.) accessqries·· antipasto (m.)·' ffri'tl~~¥ accettare to accept antipasto misto accomodarsi 1nake oneself d'oeuvre of cold meats con1fortable anziano old accordo (m.) agreement aperitivo (m.) aperitif , . accorgersene to notice aperto open acc6rgersi to realize appartamento (m.) flat acqua (f.) water appassionato fond addormentarsi to fall asleep approvare to approye ·. . adesso now appuntamento .(m~ ~·i·•m• · ·~B~,2~.r~~?1 aereo (m.) aeroplane , , appunto pre ................ . ··"'·"·· aeroporto (m.) airport aprile (m.) A,.,· •". . . . • to open affari (m. pl.) business · apr1re ' affettuoso affectionate, loving arancia (f.) orange · affittare to let, to rent arrabbiarsi to get angry affitto (m.) rent arrabbiato angry • • affollato crowded arr1vare to arnve aglio (m.) garlic arrivederci bye-bye agnello (m.) lamb arrivederLa goodbye ···, agosto (m.) August arrossamento (m.) r~ddening aiutare to help arrosto (m.) roast aiuto (m.) help articolo (m.) ,, albergo (m.) hotel · :•;.' artista (m. & f.} ·· · · · ··•·.· · < · alcuni/e (pl.) sotne, any' ...· artistico artistic , < • • al di sotto below asciugarsi to get ..... ·.· · .. allegro cheerful ascoltare to listen , ·· · · ';J · allora then aspettare to wait for ·· almeno at )east aspirap6lvere (m.) vacuum alto high, tall cleaner • altrimenti otherwise assagg1are to taste . . alzarsi to get up assegno (m.) cheque . · . • ambulanza (f.) ambulance assenza (f.) absence •. .·;n\J;. C,. · . ' ambulatorio (m.) surgery attendere to wait ., ·. /Oln, rOOlTI Camera (f.) Chatnber

I

I

State

' '

'

..• •


· restare to stayt · ·,,:;;1,.,."~' restaurare to rest~Jr ricetta (f.) prescription . rtcevere to rece1ve ricevuta (f.) receipt . , . r1conoscere to recogniZe ricordarsi to remember ricotta (f.) cream cheese rifiutare to refuse riga (f.) stripe,. . .,.,... . · rilassarsi to r;~~ii~jlilH. A,A,,..~ e.re to ~

;




"" (f.) 'nt~g~

'""''· · ~oba (f.) r6mpere to Dre~aK rosso red roulotte (f.) caravan rum ore (m.) noise

ITALIAN IN THREE ·: MONTHS .. . .~

~~

. ."' .,

.. . • ,.. ;c;,.,,,,. ;";~

~

•

•

Sel SIX

'~~~.

';:

semaforo (m.) traffic lights sempre always Senato (m.) Senate senatore (m.) senator senso (m.) way, sense sentire to hear ';iJi;!l sentirsi to feel • • seno senous • servrre to serve servizi (m. pl.) facilities servizio (m.) set sessanta sixty sesto sixth seta (f.) silk sete (f.) thirst settanta seventy . sette seven settembre (m.) September:,:, settimana (f.) week sgabuzzino (m.) closet sgonfio flat (tyre) si one, oneself, him/herself, themselves s1' yes • s1curo sure si e no hardly signora (f.) Mrs, madam, Ms signore (m.) Mr, sir . . signorina (f.) Miss, young Ja~\7 simpatico likeable • • smcero stncere sindacato (m.) trade union singolo single sinistra left sistema (m.) system socialista socialist soggiomo (m.) stay, living room soldi (m.) (pl.) money sole (m.) sun solo only soprattutto mainly sorella (f.) sister sotto below, under spaghetti (m .. pl.) spaghetti Spagna (f.) Spain • spaz1oso roomy '

'

.

specialita (f.) speciality specialmente speciallt . . spellarsi to peel spendere to spesa (f.) shQpp~~~~ spesso often spettacolo (ni. •· ~···~t-;J; spettatore (m.) Sl)f''ClgtQr spiegare to explain .· · ~· sporcarsi to get dirty sporco dirty sportello (m.) (train} door sposarsi to get married stabilire to establish, .to dictate stadio (m.) stadium . . . "·"'·'' stamattina this ~A'""

"

•

~

>·

.

'

-;

stanco tired stanza (f.) room , . stazione (f.) station "i. . · ~ · stesso the same · · stomaco (m.) stomach storia (f.) story, history storico historical strada (f.) road ' straniero/a foreigp.M,r~.~·~::~~~~C,f:·:;~Y.L strappo (m.) 1~ studente (m.) . · studiare to ,,sto~O;~lr: studioso s Y.~. sttipido stupid . · iflj!~~iiJ:

•

'-"'U-l''V

su on subito hnmediately succedere to happen sud (m.) south suo his/hers, yours (form.} su6cera (f.) mother · -law suonare to play ( ent), to ring superm svago (m.) na~ svegliarsi to Tlfl~ ~tffi,;~ svendita (f.) sale svestirsi to undress

...

tabaccaio/a (m.) tobacconist

MINI-D1CTlONARY

237

•

~:i\;~ . . . quan . . ..., .a~r' . .. as

undici eleven . . ·. cio (m.) office, ,

weekend (m.) weekend

tar~:tt

late tartina (f.) canape di soggiomo (f.) tourist tax , .,;\)lit~;;~.,., ) tax1· . .,: · · ··.

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