Grid Computing: Konzepte - Technologien - Anwendungen [2006 ed.] 3834800333, 9783834800336 [PDF]

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Thomas Barth Anke Schüll (Hrsg.)

Grid Computing

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Thomas Barth Anke Schüll (Hrsg.)

Grid Computing Konzepte – Technologien – Anwendungen Mit 60 Abbildungen

Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über abrufbar.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Reiner R. Dumke lehrt Software-Technik an der Universität Magdeburg. Er ist Leiter des dortigen Software-Messlabors sowie Leiter bzw. Mitglied in maßgeblichen Gremien auf dem Gebiet der Softwaremetrie (GI-Fachgruppe für Software-Messung und -Bewertung; DASMA; COSMIC).

Die Wiedergabe von Gebrauchsnamen, Handelsnamen, Warenbezeichnungen usw. in diesem Werk berechtigt auch ohne besondere Kennzeichnung nicht zu der Annahme, dass solche Namen im Sinne von Warenzeichen- und Markenschutz-Gesetzgebung als frei zu betrachten wären und daher von jedermann benutzt werden dürfen. Höchste inhaltliche und technische Qualität unserer Produkte ist unser Ziel. Bei der Produktion und Auslieferung unserer Bücher wollen wir die Umwelt schonen: Dieses Buch ist auf säurefreiem und chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier gedruckt. Die Einschweißfolie besteht aus Polyäthylen und damit aus organischen Grundstoffen, die weder bei der Herstellung noch bei der Verbrennung Schadstoffe freisetzen.

1. Auflage März 2006 Alle Rechte vorbehalten © Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlag | GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden 2006 Lektorat: Dr. Reinald Klockenbusch / Andrea Broßler Der Vieweg Verlag ist ein Unternehmen von Springer Science+Business Media. www.vieweg.de

Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlags unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen, Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen.

Konzeption und Layout des Umschlags: Ulrike Weigel, www.CorporateDesignGroup.de Umschlagbild: Nina Faber de.sign, Wiesbaden Druck und buchbinderische Verarbeitung: MercedesDruck, Berlin Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und chlorfrei gebleichtem Papier. Printed in Germany ISBN 3-8348-0033-3



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/TJK^   bundle exchanges • 75

A Abrechnung • 22, 28, 34 Abrechnungsmodell • 13, 14 Accounting • 22, 32, 77, 152, 186 ad hoc Grid • 144, 146 allocation • 64, 75, 106, 150, 151 Allocation • 62 allocative efficiency • 76 allocator • 67 Allokation • 19, 39, 41, 58 Allokationseffizienz • 38, 54 Allokationskosten • 42 Allokationsrate • 38, 52, 54 Anbahnungsphase • 36 Anwendung • 137 Anwendungsschicht • 5 Anwendungsschichtnetz • 52 Application Service Providing, 2. Generation (ASP-2) • 28 Application-Grid • 22 auction mechanism • 71 Authentisierung • 22, 27 autonomic computing • 186 Autorisierung • 22, 27

B Bag of Tasks (BoT) • 151 Basisdienste • 27 bid • 66 Billing • 32, 152, 186 billing system • 150 black box • 67, 133, 134, 135 Broadcast • 154, 156 Broker • 42 Broker-Komponente • 19

C C • 122, 123, 185 C++ • 122, 185 Choreographie • 23 Clash-Analyse • 3 Cluster • 8, 73, 85, 106, 107, 114, 121 Cluster Management • 8 Cluster-Infrastruktur • 13 Cluster-System • 7, 13, 137 Cluster-Technologie • 9 Codine • 2 Collaborative Engineering • 6 collaborative projects • 107, 124 commodity markets • 73 computational resources • 64, 75, 145 computational tractability • 69 compute clusters • 107, 109 Compute-Grid • 21 Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) • 4, 7 confidentiality • 20, 86, 92 Content Distribution Netzwerk (CDN) • 40, 50 Cooperative Bartering and Sharing • 73 Corba • 193, 194

D data management • 86, 94 Data-Federation • 21 Data-Grid • 21 Datenschutzprobleme • 35 Datensicherheit • 141 Designparameter • 137 dezentral • 9, 22, 45, 137 Dienstauswahl • 37, 41, 58





Dienstauswahlmethode • 58 Dienstauswahlverfahren • 39, 48 Dienstfindung • 41, 54 Dienstsuche • 36 Dienstzugriffsmodell • 34 Double-sided mechanism • 70 Dutch Combinatorial Auctions • 74

E eBusiness • 17 eBusiness Umgebung • 24 eCommerce • 18 eEngineering • 18 electronic markets • 68 Electronic Markets • 83 encryption • 162 enhanced Business • 18 eScience • 18, 30 Evaluation • 100, 194 Externalisierung • 36

F fault management • 106 Fehlallokation • 44 Financial Services-Sektor (FSS) • 7 firewalls • 146 FORTRAN • 185 Funktionssicherheit • 27

G Generalized Vickrey Auction • 72, 74 Gesch ftslogik • 8 Gesch ftsmodell • 17, 24, 34 Gesch ftsprozesse • 5, 17, 27 Gie prozess • 135, 137 Gie simulation • 133 Global Grid Forum (GGF) • 24 Globalisierung • 29 GRACE • 47



granularity • 114, 124 Grid market • 64, 75 Grid Middleware • 11, 123, 145, 150, 192, 204 Grid service • 24, 123, 124, 144, 194, 205 Grid Service archive • 163, 177 Grid Technologie • 1, 17, 65, 134, 178 Grid-Architektur • 7 Grid-basierter Kooperationswerkzeuge • 138 Grid-Cluster • 7, 9 Grid-Infrastrukturen • 11 Grid-Nutzer • 23 Grid-Provider • 22 Grid-Verbund • 137

H heterogeneity • 86, 144 hot deployment • 144, 163, 175

I idle resources • 66 incentive compatibility • 68, 69, 76 Independent Software Vendor (ISV) • 6 Informationsdienste • 31, 32 Insourcing • 35 Instant Messaging • 40 Integration • 12, 24, 29, 87, 92, 99, 151, 191 Integrationsaufwand • 10 interaktiv • 138 interconnected workstations • 106 intermediaries • 67 Internet • 18, 40, 46, 107, 143, 163 internet applications • 85 internet infrastructure • 146, 153 Internet Service-Provider • 31 internet standards • 146 internet technologies • 85 ITC-Dienstleister • 31 ITC-Leistungen • 18, 19 ITC-Services • 17, 20, 29 IT-Dienste • 34



IT-Dienstleistungen • 12, 33, 34, 58 Iterative Combinatorial Auctions • 74 IT-Infrastrukturen • 12, 134

J J2EE • 193 Java • 122, 150, 160, 194, 205 Java Provider • 166

K Kalibrierung • 137, 138 katallaktisch • 47, 58 Katallaxie • 47 kleine und mittelst ndische Unternehmen (KMU) • 3, 35, 133 Kommunikationsinfrastrukturen • 40 Konvergenz • 21 Konzept • 15, 23, 33 Koordinator • 42, 44, 54 koordinatorfrei • 33 Kosten • 6, 34, 35, 47 Kostenersparnis • 2, 33

L Lastverteilung • 2, 11 legacy code • 147 Life Science Grid • 107 Life Sciences • 7, 99, 107 Lizenz • 28, 31 Lizenzkosten • 12 load balancing • 106

M Market Engineering • 68 market mechanism • 64, 73, 76 market participant • 66, 67 Markov Chain • 113, 125

Ma berschneidungsanalyse • 3 Messaging-Dienste • 31 metacomputing • 85 Metrik • 28, 33, 38, 48 Middleware • 2, 106, 112, 124, 147, 151, 192 middleware developers • 192 Middleware-Anbieter • 7 mittelst ndische Unternehmen • 35, 133 model driven architecture (MDA) • 192 model sweep • 121 model-guided discovery • 105, 108 Monte Carlo method • 97, 105, 112 Monte Carlo-Simulation • 7, 9, 109 multi-application • 152 Multicast • 40, 156 multi-disciplinary • 152 multi-organizational • 152

N neighborhood sweep • 121 Network Operation System • 11 Netzbetreiber • 24 Netzwerkszenarien • 33 Netzwerktopologie • 45, 51 non-intrusive • 145, 148, 165

O Object Request Broker (ORB) • 36 Offshoring • 29 On-demand Computing • 33, 58, 79 Open Agoric Systems • 47 Open Grid Service Architecture (OGSA) • 24 Operating System • 123, 147, 150, 157, 192 Optimierung • 47, 136, 137 organizational boundaries • 65, 79, 150 Outsourcing • 20, 30 Outsourcing-Entscheidung • 36 overlay networks • 153, 162 Overlaynetz • 58

!



P

Rubens Cluster • 124, 141

parallel computing • 85 Parallelrechner • 135, 140 parameter fitting • 97, 103, 105, 109, 112, 114, 124, 125 Patch-Management • 8 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) • 40, 45, 50, 65, 150, 153, 159 Platform Independent Model (PIM) • 192 Platform Specific Model (PSM) • 193 Preismodell • 29 Problemdefinition • 138 Probleml sungsumgebung • 24 process chain • 86 process monitoring • 107 Produktionsprozess • 134, 136 Proxies • 28 Prozesssimulation • 138 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) • 13

S

Q Quality of Service (QoS) • 179

R Rechenkapazit t • 21 Rechenleistung • 2, 21, 33, 40, 59, 137, 139 Rechnerverbund • 137 Remote Procedure Call (RPC) • 26 Repeated Vickrey Auction • 72 replication • 73, 155 Replikation • 6 Resource Broker • 41, 52, 67 resource consumer • 67, 70 resource information manager • 67 Resource Management Framework (RMF) • 154 resource sharing • 64, 65, 85, 150 Resource-Provider • 22, 73, 78 Ressource-Grid • 22 Ressourcenallokation • 58

"

safety • 27 sandbox • 145, 169, 173 scalability • 150, 153 scalable • 105, 112 scheduling • 65, 72, 150, 181 Schichtenmodell • 24 Schnittstellen • 4, 22, 27, 28 Security • 27, 73, 86, 144, 148, 168, 178 separation of concerns • 193, 195, 196, 205, 208 service deployment • 156, 167, 185 service discovery • 144, 147, 153, 158, 159, 183, 185 Service Grid-Umgebung • 27 Service Level • 9, 15, 19 Service Level Agreement (SLA) • 5, 73, 185 Service-Broker • 25 Service-Grid • 17, 23, 32 Servicekomponenten • 29 service-oriented architecture (SOA) • 191 Serviceorientierte Architektur (SOA) • 31, 36, 49, 191, 195 Service-Provider • 29, 31, 159, 178, 180 Shared Services • 19, 27 Sicherheit • 13, 27, 32, 35, 134, 139 Sicherheitsarchitektur • 26 Sicherheitsdom ne • 22 Sicherheitsstandard • 20 Sicherheitstechnik • 28 Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) • 26, 36, 143, 152, 159, 191 Simulation • 18, 31, 47, 58, 73, 78, 87, 105, 133, 138 simulation algorithm • 112 simulation code • 112, 118 Simulation Data and Process Management (SDM) • 6 simulation problems • 85 simulation process • 87 simulation specialist • 108



simulation step • 105, 111, 121 simulation tools • 93, 107 simulation workbench • 91 simulation workflow • 89 simulation-based optimization • 109 Simulationsdaten-Management System • 6 Simulationslauf • 49 Simulationsmodell • 138 Simulationsmodellierung • 52 Simulationsrechnung • 2 Simulationsspezialist • 137 Simulationsumgebung • 48, 51, 136 Single Sign-On • 22 Skalierbarkeit • 47, 58 SLA-Verletzungen • 19 SOA-Konzept • 31 Softwareagenten • 47, 52 Spezifit t • 36 Spitzenbelastung • 9 Standard Vickrey Auction • 72 stochastic simulation • 76 Supercomputer • 124 Supercomputerzentren • 2 Supercomputing • 90, 93 Supercomputing Center • 1 supercomputing centre • 85, 91 System Provisioning • 11 System-Integratoren • 12 Systemmanagement • 8, 11 Systems Biology • 97 Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML) • 127 Szenarien • 3, 134, 139 Szenario • 2, 50, 135

T Technologie • 7, 59, 85, 101, 156, 193 Transaktion • 42, 45, 54 Transaktionskosten • 36, 37 Transaktionspartner • 41 Transaktionsphasen • 35, 36, 37 trust • 145, 178, 185 tunnelling • 159

U Ubiquitous Computing • 50 Uniform Access to Computing Resources (UNICORE) • 22, 31, 152 Universal Description, Discovery and Integration (UDDI) • 26, 36, 158

V Value at Risk • 7 verteilte Anwendung • 3 Vertrauen • 28 Vertraulichkeit • 20, 28 virtual prototyping • 93 Virtualisierung • 11, 15, 22, 25, 34 virtualization • 147, 191 Virtualization • 15, 78 Virtualization Engine • 15 virtuelle Fabrik • 134, 136 virtuelle Organisation • 6, 20, 22 virtueller Computer • 34 visualization • 86, 90, 93, 108, 118, 122

W web portal • 123 Web Service Notification • 37 Web Service-Resource Framework (WSRF) • 10, 37 Web Services Definition Language (WSDL) • 25, 36, 143, 152, 158, 162, 195, 199 Web Technologie • 21 web-portal • 124 Workflow • 26, 29, 86, 87, 92, 191 workflow engine • 151, 183 workflow engines • 186 Workstation-Grids • 7 Workstations • 2, 7, 72, 85, 91, 94, 106, 144, 145, 150 World Wide Web • 20, 46, 159

#



Z zentral • 4, 42, 43, 141



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Zentralit t • 41 Zulieferer • 3, 133 Zwischenschicht • 18