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STANDARD DNV-ST-F101
Edition August 2021 Amended December 2021
Submarine pipeline systems (Preview copy)
The PDF electronic version of this document available at the DNV website dnv.com is the official version. If there are any inconsistencies between the PDF version and any other available version, the PDF version shall prevail.
DNV AS
FOREWORD DNV standards contain requirements, principles and acceptance criteria for objects, personnel, organisations and/or operations.
© DNV AS August 2021
Any comments may be sent by e-mail to [email protected] This service document has been prepared based on available knowledge, technology and/or information at the time of issuance of this document. The use of this document by other parties than DNV is at the user's sole risk. DNV does not accept any liability or responsibility for loss or damages resulting from any use of this document.
Changes - current
CHANGES – CURRENT This document supersedes the October 2017 edition of DNVGL-ST-F101. The numbering and/or title of items containing changes is highlighted in red.
Amendments December 2021 Topic
Reference
Description
Risk reduction by PSS
[3.4.2.7]
Removed unnecessary reference to figure in App.B.
Local buckling equation limitation
[5.4.4.3]
Corrected limit for t1/tCRA to be > 3.
Locak buckling - combined loading criteria
[5.4.6.6]
Corrected equations for backing steel and CRA characteristic flow stress ratio.
Pipe wall thickness of bend
[5.6.2.2]
Updated guidance note to clarify definition of t1.
Fittings fire durability
[5.6.3.5]
Added subsection for requirements for fire durability.
Buckle detection
Table 10-1
Added precision for Table 10-1 to be applicable during installation.
Changes August 2021 Topic
Reference
Description
Define
Whole document
'Define' has in many places previously been erroneously used instead of 'specify'.
Definitions
[1.6.2]
Definitions appearing throughout the document have been moved to definition of terms.
CO2 fluid category
[2.3.2]
This classification was previously recommended but has now become compulsory.
Restrained force calculation for lined and clad pipe
[4.7.4]
A more precise equation of multi layer pipe is provided.
Not fully rated pipelines
[5.4.2]
For accidental scenarios, e.g. failure of HIPPS, frequency dependent safety factors shall be developed by user.
Lined and clad limit states
[5.3], [5.4]
Limit states for lined and clad pipes including the strength of the corrosion resistant material are provided.
Local buckling
[5.4.6]
Validity range has been extended.
Super duplex material
[7.3]
Clarified that duplex steels with defined parameter PRE ≥ 40 shall be subjected to pitting corrosion test. Also allowed a lower Molybden to meet available and acceptable super duplex grades.
Qualification of welding procedures
App.C
Removed requirement of max. difference between weld coupons when all are fully tested. Modifications in essential variables.
Standard — DNV-ST-F101. Edition August 2021, amended December 2021 Submarine pipeline systems
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Rebranding to DNV
Reference All
Description This document has been revised due to the rebranding of DNV GL to DNV. The following have been updated: the company name, material and certificate designations, and references to other documents in the DNV portfolio. Some of the documents referred to may not yet have been rebranded. If so, please see the relevant DNV GL document.
Editorial corrections In addition to the above stated changes, editorial corrections may have been made.
Standard — DNV-ST-F101. Edition August 2021, amended December 2021 Submarine pipeline systems
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Changes - current
Topic
The current update of the standard has been developed based on the results of a joint industry project (JIP). The following companies, listed in alphabetical order, are acknowledged for their contributions to the JIP. Lined and Clad JIP Acergy
GDF Suez
Serimax
Total
Bergrohr
Gieminox / SPFA Australia
Shell
Tubos de Acero de Mexico
BP
Inpex
Equinor
Woodside
Butting
JSW
Subsea7
CladTek
Neptune Energy
TAMSA Tenaris
ExxonMobil
Petrobras
TechnipFMC
Local buckling - combined loading Work on extension of combined loading formulation to thicker pipes organized by European Pipeline Research Group (EPRG).
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Changes - current
Acknowledgements
Changes – current.................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgements................................................................................. 5 Section 1 General.................................................................................................. 11 1.1 Introduction.................................................................................... 11 1.2 Objective.........................................................................................11 1.3 Scope.............................................................................................. 11 1.4 Application...................................................................................... 11 1.5 References...................................................................................... 13 1.6 Definitions and abbreviations......................................................... 21 Section 2 Safety philosophy.................................................................................. 43 2.1 General........................................................................................... 43 2.2 Safety philosophy structure............................................................ 43 2.3 Risk basis for design...................................................................... 47 Section 3 Concept and design premise development............................................ 50 3.1 General........................................................................................... 50 3.2 Concept development..................................................................... 51 3.3 Design premise............................................................................... 52 3.4 System design principles................................................................ 57 Section 4 Design - loads....................................................................................... 62 4.1 General........................................................................................... 62 4.2 Functional loads..............................................................................63 4.3 Environmental loads....................................................................... 65 4.4 Construction loads.......................................................................... 70 4.5 Interference loads.......................................................................... 71 4.6 Accidental loads.............................................................................. 71 4.7 Design load effects......................................................................... 72 Section 5 Design – limit state criteria...................................................................78 5.1 General........................................................................................... 78 5.2 System design requirements.......................................................... 79 5.3 Design format................................................................................. 84 5.4 Limit states..................................................................................... 90 5.5 Special considerations.................................................................. 111 5.6 Pipeline components..................................................................... 116
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Contents
CONTENTS
5.8 Installation and repair.................................................................. 123 Section 6 Design - materials engineering........................................................... 127 6.1 General......................................................................................... 127 6.2 Materials selection for line pipe and pipeline components............ 127 6.3 Materials specification.................................................................. 133 6.4 Corrosion control.......................................................................... 136 Section 7 Construction – line pipe...................................................................... 143 7.1 General......................................................................................... 143 7.2 Carbon manganese steel line pipe................................................ 147 7.3 Corrosion resistant alloy line pipe................................................ 162 7.4 Clad or lined steel line pipe.......................................................... 167 7.5 Hydrostatic testing....................................................................... 172 7.6 Non-destructive testing................................................................ 174 7.7 Dimensions, mass and tolerances................................................. 176 7.8 Marking, delivery condition and documentation............................184 7.9 Supplementary requirements........................................................ 185 Section 8 Construction - components and pipeline assemblies.......................... 195 8.1 General......................................................................................... 195 8.2 Component requirements..............................................................196 8.3 Materials....................................................................................... 207 8.4 Manufacture.................................................................................. 210 8.5 Mechanical and corrosion testing................................................. 213 8.6 Pipeline assemblies.......................................................................216 8.7 Hydrostatic testing....................................................................... 220 8.8 Documentation, records, certification and marking.......................222 Section 9 Construction - corrosion protection and weight coating...................... 224 9.1 General......................................................................................... 224 9.2 External corrosion protective coatings..........................................225 9.3 Concrete weight coating............................................................... 226 9.4 Manufacture of galvanic anodes................................................... 229 9.5 Installation of galvanic anodes..................................................... 229 Section 10 Construction – offshore..................................................................... 231 10.1 General....................................................................................... 231 10.2 Pipe assemblies onshore.............................................................232
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Contents
5.7 Supporting structure.....................................................................122
10.4 Installation spread......................................................................234 10.5 Welding and non-destructive testing.......................................... 243 10.6 Pipeline installation.................................................................... 244 10.7 As-laid survey............................................................................. 250 10.8 Post-lay intervention (seabed intervention and pipeline protection).......................................................................................... 251 10.9 Tie-in...........................................................................................253 10.10 Pre-commissioning....................................................................255 10.11 As-built survey..........................................................................259 10.12 Documentation.......................................................................... 260 10.13 Installation manual................................................................... 260 Section 11 Operations and abandonment........................................................... 264 11.1 General....................................................................................... 264 11.2 Commissioning............................................................................ 266 11.3 Integrity management system.................................................... 266 11.4 Integrity management process................................................... 269 11.5 Re-qualification........................................................................... 275 11.6 De-commissioning....................................................................... 277 11.7 Abandonment.............................................................................. 278 Section 12 Documentation.................................................................................. 279 12.1 General....................................................................................... 279 12.2 Design......................................................................................... 279 12.3 Construction - manufacturing and fabrication.............................282 12.4 Construction - installation and pre-commissioning..................... 284 12.5 Operation - commissioning......................................................... 284 12.6 Operation.................................................................................... 285 12.7 Abandonment.............................................................................. 286 12.8 DFI resumé................................................................................. 286 12.9 Filing of documentation.............................................................. 288 Section 13 Commentary (informative)................................................................ 289 13.1 General....................................................................................... 289 13.2 Safety and design philosophy..................................................... 289 13.3 Loads.......................................................................................... 290 13.4 Design criteria............................................................................ 291 13.5 API material grades.................................................................... 297 13.6 Pipe-in-pipe.................................................................................297
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Contents
10.3 Pipeline route, pre-installation survey and preparation.............. 233
Section 14 Bibliography...................................................................................... 315 14.1 References.................................................................................. 315 Appendix A Fracture limit state of girth welds....................................................317 Appendix B Mechanical testing and corrosion testing......................................... 318 B.1 General......................................................................................... 318 B.2 Mechanical testing and chemical analysis.....................................318 B.3 Corrosion testing.......................................................................... 329 Appendix C Welding............................................................................................ 338 C.1 General......................................................................................... 338 C.2 Welding equipment, tools and personnel...................................... 339 C.3 Welding consumables................................................................... 342 C.4 Welding procedures...................................................................... 345 C.5 Qualification of welding procedures............................................. 353 C.6 Examination and testing for welding procedure qualification........ 362 C.7 Welding and post weld heath treatment requirements................. 368 C.8 Material and process specific requirements.................................. 375 C.9 hyperbaric welding....................................................................... 379 Appendix D Non-destructive testing....................................................................385 D.1 General......................................................................................... 385 D.2 Manual non-destructive testing and visual examination of welds.................................................................................................. 387 D.3 Manual non-destructive testing and visual examination of plate, pipe and weld overlay........................................................................ 411 D.4 Non-destructive testing and visual examination of forgings......... 416 D.5 Non-destructive testing and visual examination of castings......... 421 D.6 Automated non-destructive testing.............................................. 426 D.7 Non-destructive testing of pipe body of welded pipes.................. 427 D.8 Non-destructive testing of linepipe at pipe mills.......................... 433 Appendix E Automated ultrasonic girth weld testing.......................................... 461 E.1 General......................................................................................... 461 E.2 Basic requirements....................................................................... 461 E.3 Procedure......................................................................................471 E.4 Calibration (sensitivity setting).................................................... 472 E.5 Field inspection............................................................................. 475
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Contents
13.7 Installation................................................................................. 312
E.7 Evaluation and reporting.............................................................. 481 E.8 Qualification.................................................................................. 482 E.9 Project specific automated ultrasonic testing procedure validation............................................................................................ 492 E.10 Validity of qualification............................................................... 494 E.11 Determination of wave velocities in pipe steels.......................... 495 Appendix F Requirements for shore crossing and onshore sections.................... 497 F.1 General..........................................................................................497 F.2 Safety philosophy..........................................................................502 F.3 Design premise............................................................................. 505 F.4 Design........................................................................................... 507 F.5 Construction.................................................................................. 509 F.6 Operation...................................................................................... 511 F.7 Documentation.............................................................................. 511 Changes – historic.............................................................................................. 512
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E.6 Re-examination of welds.............................................................. 481
SECTION 1 GENERAL 1.1 Introduction Submarine pipeline systems constitute an essential part of an offshore hydrocarbon field development. They are used for transporting unprocessed well fluid, export or processed fluid or injection fluids for different purposes. Even though the pipeline structure may appear simple, the extent of the pipeline system entails a significant field development cost. Most pipeline systems are therefore optimized and built to specific geometry and material requirements with the objective of minimizing lifetime costs. The major benefits in using this standard are: — application of safety-class methodology, linking acceptance criteria to the consequence of failure by limitstate functions in a load and resistance factor design (LRFD) format that allows new innovative design solutions to be developed — providing industry accepted manufacturing and construction specifications for the complete pipeline system — close link between requirements for the design, manufacture, construction and operation. This standard is in general in conformity with ISO 13623 and ISO 3183.
1.2 Objective The objective of this standard is to provide an internationally acceptable framework for submarine pipeline systems in all lifetime phases, with a focus on structural assessment, with the aim of obtaining an appropriate and consistent level of safety.
1.3 Scope This standard provides requirements and recommendations for the concept development, design, construction, operation and abandonment of pipeline systems, with the emphasis on structural integrity. The following topics are covered: — — — — — — — — — — — —
safety philosophy framework and target failure probabilities design basis including surveys, environmental data and soil sampling design criteria including the layout, LRFD criteria and functional criteria material selection and corrosion control, i.e. pre-manufacturing considerations line pipe specification for three types of pipes; CMn pipes, CRA pipes and lined/clad pipes component manufacturing specifications, additional to industry standards, and pipeline assemblies corrosion, insulation and weight coating specifications offshore construction/installation and pre-commissioning requirements operation and abandonment requirements material testing specifications welding specifications non-destructive testing (NDT) specifications.
1.4 Application The applicability of this standard is given in Table 1-1. The standard shall be applied in its entirety. Technologies that are not covered by existing, validated requirements, and where failure poses a risk to life, property or the environment, or presents a financial risk, shall be qualified. Recommended practices for technology qualification are given in DNV-RP-A203.
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Table 1-1 Applicability of standard General Application
Pipeline systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries that can be categorized into one of the safety classes defined in this standard. Serves as a technical reference document in contractual matters between the purchaser and contractor. Provides requirements for designers, purchasers, and contractors.
Phases
Concept development, design, construction, operation and abandonment.
Pipeline types
Single rigid metallic pipeline systems, pipeline bundles of the piggyback type and 1) pipeline bundles within an outer pipe . Pipe-in-pipe. Buckle arrestors, bends. Risers and compliant risers are covered by DNV-ST-F201 Riser systems.
Pipeline components
Fittings, flanges, valves, mechanical connectors, CP insulating joints, anchor flanges, pig traps, clamps, forgings and couplings.
Extent/battery limits
Pipeline system in such a way that the fluid transportation and pressure in the 2), 3) submarine pipeline system are well defined and controlled .
Geometry and configuration Dimensions
Diameters above 60 mm. Explicit criteria for local buckling and combined loading are given for straight pipes with D/t2