Reichert Polyvar Manual [PDF]

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I I REICHERT-JUNG POLYVAR Manual ·

I .

C. RE ICHERT AG . HERNALSER HAUPTSTRASSE 219 · A-1170 WI EN ·AUSTRIA · TEL. 4616 41 · TELEX 07/48 72

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I I I I I I

Table of Contents: A

B

I ,C

I I I

. . . .

A- 1 A-1 A-1 A-1

1. 100 W low-vo ltage halogen lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 1.1. Mains supp ly units . . . . . ... .. . .. ...... .. ...... . 1.1.1. Regu lat ing transformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . 1.1 .2. Contro l unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . 1.2. Changing the 100 W low-voltage halogen bu lb .. . .. ... ... . . 1.3. Ad ju st ing t he 100 W low-vol tage halogen bu lb . . . . . . . .... . 2. Deviating mirror insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . ... . . 3. T ransm itted- li ght filter insert . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .. 4. Interference compensat ing filter . . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Field- iris diaphragm . .. . . ..... . ... ...... . .... , .... . . . . . . . . .... ...... . . Light-ex it opening . . . 6. 7. Bin ocular viewing tube. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. Widefield plane compensating eyepieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7. 1. Diopter sett ing 7.2. 7.2.1 . Adjusting the eyelenses of a microscope without camer-a equipment 7.2.2. Adjusting the eye lenses of a microscope with camera· equipment 7.3. Neutral filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .... . Beam splitter . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . 8. 9. Magnification changer . . . . . . .. .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10. Optics carrier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.1. 6 x Objective nosepiece on changer slide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.2. Transmitted- light objectives .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . 11. Object stages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . ... ...... .. . Square mechanical stage on stage carrier . .. . .. . ..... . . . . . 11.1. 11.2. Rotary mechanical stage . . .................... . Coaxia l coarse and fine controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . 12. Autofocus . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.1. 13. Condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . 13.1 . Condenser height adjustment 13.2. Condenser quick-changing device . . . .. . ...... . .. .. . 13.3. Br ightfield condenser (No. 28 38 01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 14. Adjusting the microscopic image with the br ightfield condenser (illumination adjustment after Kohler)

B-1 B-1 B-1 B-1 B-2 B-2 B-2 B-3 B-3 B-3 B- 3 B-4 B-4 B-4 B-4 B-4 B-4 B-5 B-5 B-5 B-5 B-6 B-7 B-7 B-7 B-7 B-7 B-8 B-8 B-8 B-8 B-9

1. 2. 3. 4.

I

I

Unpacking, Mounting and Assembling Unpacking . . . . . . . Mounting .. . . . Transport loc ks . . . Assembli ng. . . . . . .

. . . .

. . . .

. . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ....... .. . . . .. . ........ .. ....... .. . .. . . . .. .. . . . . . ...... . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Start ing up and working with the POLYVAR basic equipment

Special equipment and working methods 1. 1.1. 1.2. 1.2.1 . 1.2.2. 1.3. 1.3.1. 1.3.2. 1.4. 1. 5.

High -intensity lamps ........ . ...... . .. ... ....... . Fitting the lamp housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . Outfit for operation on alternat ing current . . . . . . .... .. . . Lamp housing W . . . . . . . . ..... ... .. .. .. ........ . . Mains supply unit for the HBO 200 W/4 .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . Outfit for operation on direct current . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . Lamp housing G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mains supply units for operation on direct current . ....... . Mains supp ly unit (No. 62 15 01 and No. 62 13 02 ) Inserting the high-intensity burner . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HBO 200 W/4, HBO 200 W/2, XBO 150 W/1 Adjusting the high-intensity burner

Printed in Austria

C-1 C-1 C-1 C-1 C-1 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-3

I

·I

I

C-4

POLYVAR / 2.GA/ E- 81/10

I

.I

2. 2.1 2.1.1. 2.1.2. 2.1.3. 2.1.4.

2.2. 2.2.1. 2.2.2. 2.2.3. 2.3.

3. 3.1.

3.2.

3.3. 3.4.

4. 4.1 . . 4.2. 4.3.

D

4. 4.1. 4.1.1. 4.1.2. 4.1.3. 4.1.4.

5.

5.1:. 6. 7.

C-5 C-5 C-6 C-6 C-6 C-7

C-8

C-9 C-10

C-12 C-12 C-13 C-13 C-13 C-13 C-14

Camera insert .. . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ....... . . Control unit . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . Focusing device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . Automatic miniature camera . ... . ..... . . . . . . . . . . .. . Film changing cassette . .. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Opening the film changing cassette .. ...... . ....... . Loading the film changing cassette, ..... ~ ...... ·. ~ . ... Placing the film changing cassette into the camera basic body Unloading the film changing cassette . ... .. .... .... ~ . . Large format camera International camera back Point measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... ~ ....... Special objective p = 5 x . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..

. .

D-1 D-1 D-2 D-2 D-3 D-3 D-3 D-4 D-4

. .

D-5 D-5 D-6 D-6

. . . . .

E- 1 E-2 E-3 E-3 E-4

. . . . . . ~

Optical data - formulae and tables 1. 2. 3. 4.

5.

6. 7.

F

C-4 C-4 C-4 C-4

Camera system 1. 2. 3.

E

Fluorescence microscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Transmitted- ! ight fluorescence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Immersion darkfield condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Filter insert for transmitted- li ght f lu orescence .... ....... . Tra nsm itted-light barri er fi lter in sert . ... .... . .. . ... .. . Adjusting the burner for work with the transmitted-light fluorescence outfit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . .. . . Incident-light fluorescence microscopy · ........ ... . ... , Incident-light fluorescence insert . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. . Incident-light fluorescence modu le .. . . ... ... . ....... . . Adjust ing the burner for work with the incident-li ght fluorescence outfit . ..... ... ......... . .. ...... ... . Filter combinations for fluorescence microscopy Incident-light fluoresce nce modul Transmitted-light exciter filter Transmitted-lifht barrier filter insert Survey on fields of appl ication Universal contrast conden-ser ...... ... . ... ..... . .. .. . Focusing the microscope image with the univers. contr. condenser Brightfie ld adjustment ' Phase contrast adjustment Interference contrast adjustment Darkfield adjustment Re-centring of annular diaphragms .. .. . Interference contrast main prism . ..... .. ... . . .... . . . Po larizing equ ipment . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. .. . ...... .. . . Darkfield-condenser . ..... ... ....... .. . . . . . . .. .. . . Immersion darkfield-condenser . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Focusing the microscopic image with the immersion darkfieldcondensor . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. ... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . Dry darkfield-condenser .... . . ... . ... ..... ....... .

Image-forming path of rays . . . . . . . . . ~ ~ ~ . . . . . . . . . . ~ Formu la signs, designations and formulae ...... . .... . . Transm itted-1ight objectives ...... ~ ~ ... . ... ~ .... ~ . ~ Widefield plane compensating eyepieces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Microscope magnification - Diameter of the field of view ... Camera data Magnificat ion in the film plane - Object field diagonal

E-5 E-5

Techn ical data 1. 2. 3.

Dimensions in mm .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Weights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . .. . .. .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. . . .... . Electrical data

F-1 F-1 F-1

A Unpacking, Mounting and Assembling 1. Unpacking Cut both steel bands of the outward packing with sc issors (or p i iers). Cut the adhesive tape of the upper cover and open outer cardboard box. Take off the four polystyrene corner p ieces. Take out the inner cardboard box by means of the handles. Cut the stee l band of the inner cardboard box with sc issors. Take off the fold ing box without bottom. Cut the adhesive tape of the folding box without cover on the four edges of the upper part and fold the sid es outwards. Take off the cardboard cover' and the supporting box upwards. Unscrew the two wing nuts which fasten the microscope stand (A 1 )to the wooden base p late. Take off the microscope stand upwards.

The arm rests (A2) are inserted from above into the threaded holes of the two lateral outriggers.

3. Transport locks The red screw (A3 ) for securi ng the coarse and f ine focusing contro ls is p laced above the stage carrier which has been f ixed in its lowest position. On ly after unscrewing the red screw by means ~f the Allen key (which is to be found in the right arm rest) the dr ive motions may be operated. The red screw has to be carefully stored in order to be at disposa l for another transportation. The knurled knob of the deviating mirror insert and the binocular viewing tube with the sett ing p in of the beam splitter are secured by means of rubber rings. Bes ides, the N-S movement of the square mechanical stage is secured bv means of a' band. Instead of the objective nosepiece there is a foam rubber stopper in the correspond ing open ing.

The fo llowing accessories are packed separately : Arm rests, Pa ired eyep ieces (engraved with same number), Objective nosep iece, Object ives, Condensers with quick-changing device, High-performance burner, Lamp housing with h igh-performance lamp, Ma ins supp ly un its, TL fluorescence barr ier fi lter sets, I L f luorescence modu les, IK ma in pr ism, Cameras, Contro l unit (with number ).

4. Assembling Inserting the objective nosepiece 6x on changer slide and screwing in the objectives is descr ibed on page B-5 (po int 10.1 ). Inserting of a condenser is described on page B-8 (point 13.2). Mounting of the lamp housing of the high-performance lamp is descr ibed on page C-1 (po int 1.1 ). Detai ls about chang ing respectively insert ing a h igh-performance burner, p lease find on page C-3 (point 1.4). Mount ing of a m in iature camera is descr ibed on page D-2 (po int 4 ) and that of a large format camera on page D-5 (po int 5 ).

2.Mounting Gr ip ho les at the right and left of the Iight-exit open ing as we ll as on the rear of the latera l outr iggers of the base p late of the m icroscope stand (A 1) (we ight about 30 kg ) are provided for transport.

A-1

...

B Starting up and working with the POL YVAR basic equipment (TL brightfie ld with 100 W low-voltage halogen bulb)

1. 100 W low-voltage halogen lamp T he t hermally iso lated 100 W low-vo ltage lamp is integrated in the microscope stand. The lamp is su itable also for co lour photography with tungsten-light colour fil m (3200° K).

1. 1. Mains supply units Check whether the voltage o n t he capacit y shie ld of t he lamp conforms to that of the mains before connecting it.

1. 1. 1. Regulating transformer A regulating transformer (No. 62 09 05) wit h t hyristor control will be supplied if the microscope is ordered without camera system. The sockets for the mains connect ing cable, the cable of the instrument as well as the fu se holder with screw lock are located on the rear of the regulating transformer. The rotary knob (8 1) is used to switch on and to regulate the voltage on the low-voltage lamp. Turning the rotary knob clockwise the lamp is switched on, the yellow light-emitting diode "EIN /ON" lights up . . Turning the rotary knob farther the green light of the lightemitt ing diode "PHOTO" will indicate that the lamp burns at the correct colour temperature of 3200° K for tungstenlight colour film. By means of an electron ic circuitry mains fluctuations are automatically regulated in th is position and correct voltage is always supplied to the lamp.

81

1. 1. 2. Control unit When ordering the microscope with camera system a control unit (65 26 01 ) will be supplied. A regulating transformer with thyristor control and LED disp lay are integrated in the control unit. The operating method is the same as that for the regulating transformer (No. 62 09 05). For detailed operating instructions see page D-1 (para. 2).

... . ·-

llr:! I F: •

07

B-1

8

.·-

1. 2. Changing the 100 W low-voltage halogen bulb T he microsco pe is supplied with inserted bulb. A burned-out one is changed as follows: Lift off the vent co llar (86) of t he lamp. If it shou ld be too hot grip the bulb with a cloth a nd lift it off allowing the bu lb to cool down. Press the lamp-ho lder cl ips (84) together and carefully in se rt t he bulb (85 ) with its protect ive cover in the lamp-ho lder. When the clips are released t he bulb is held in position . Ta ke off protective cover and clean the bu lb.

PDLYVAR 87--+-

84

BJ

1. 3. Adjusting the 100 W low-voltage halogen bulb Remove the Allen key from t he rear side of the righ t arm rest. Set the rotary knob (82 ) of the deviat ing mirror in sert and t he two turrets (89 arid 8 10) of the f ilter set to red dot. Sw itch on the bulb with the ~ otary knob (81 or 07 ) of the regu lating transformer resp. of the control unit and set to the green LED. Place a thin sheet of paper over the light-exit opening (8 12). Slightly close the fie ld-iris diaphragm with the contro l (8 11) . With the rotary knob (8 7) displace the halogen bulb and t he collector against each other until the contours of the bulb fil ament are imaged as a square luminous patch. With the Allen key turn the two excentric sleeves (83 ) until the luminous patch is in the centre of the lig ht-exit opening Put the vent collar (86) from above against the rear of the lamp housing and press it downward. The fins show to the rear.

2. Deviating mirror insert The deviating mirror insert is set by means of the rotary knob (82). The fo llowing illumin ation sett ings can be made:

812

Black dot setting

Red dot setting 100 W LV lamp

TL

High-intensity lamp

High-intensity lamp

IL

100 W LV lamp

8-2

811

3. Transmitted-light fi lter insert The transm itted:light filter insert is bu ilt into the right hand side of t he m icroscope stand and has a turret (89 ) with 6 apertures for filters.

Marking

Fil ter

Ref. No.

Red

Empty aperture

49 32 01

White

Neutral filter N3, T = 12,5%

49 32 01

White

Neutral fi lter N6, T

1,6%

49 32 02

White

Neutral fi lter

0,2%

49 32 03

Green

Interference green filter BP 495.580

= N9, T =

49 32 59

89 For an outfit

optional: Blue

Daylight filter 2 KIS 12..-

49 32 41

Without fluorescence equipment

Q9

Cover disc

49 32 99

With TL f luorescence equipment · resp. TL and I L f luorescence equ ipment

4. Colour compensating filter The co lour compensating filter is used for correct colour reproduct ion using t ungsten- light colour films (3200° K) and compr ises 3 filters in one mount viz. Didymium filter 49 32 35, frosted glass 49 32 47, UV-IR barrier filter 49 32 61 (see page B-3a ). When used for outfits without transm itted- light fluorescence equipment it is placed on the light-ex it opening (88) and can be screwed off after detaching the left cover (opening for the transm itted- light f luorescence filter insert) (B 10).

88

5. Field-iris diaphragm The field-ir is diaphragm for transmitted-light is set with control (8 11). It is opened by turning the control clockwise.

6. Light-exit opening On top of the light-exit (8 12) open ing various accessories may be placed such as for instc;tnce a daylight conversion fi lter KB 12 a polarizer a po larizing light contro l a conversion filter for Polacolor f il ms etc.

I

812 8-3

811

Filters for transmitted light and their application Ref. No.

493261 493235

493259 493237

Inherent co lour

Fil ter

Kind of mount.

Applicat ion

s

visua l

X

F

Color TL

X

Didymium f ilter

magenta very bright

s

Color KL

X

X

F

8W Film

X

X

Green I F fi lter BP 495-580

green

R

vi sual

Yell ow contrast filter

yellow

E F

Daylight f ilter . 2KB 12

light blue

R

1)

(x ) 3)

Color TL

no

Color KL

no

8W Film

X X

Color TL Color KL 8W Film

(x ) 4 ) (x ) 4 )

-

Ground glass

white/frosted ground

s

Color TL

Fluorescence

X

X

no

X

X

no

X

2)

3)

X

no

X

no

X

3)

no

no

no

no

no

no

no

X

X

no

no

-

no

no

-

no

no

-

(x)

-

no

X

(x )

-

'

vi sual

493241

H80 200 spectra l lines

Xenon (60000K )

UV-IR interference co lourless barrier fi lter

visual

49324 1

Halogen (32000K)

X

X

Color KL 8W Film

493240

493238

493236

Conversion f.Polacolor f . TL work

blue/violet

Daylight conversion fi lter Wratten BOA

light blue

Filter for blood examinations

magenta

E F

R

E F

5)

visual

-

-

-

-

Polacolor

X

no

no

no

visual

X

no

no

no

Co lor TL

X

no

no

no

Color KL

no

no 2)

no

no

8W Film

no '

no

no

no

visual

no

no

no

no

Color TL

no 1)

X

no

no

Color KL

X

no

no

no

8W Film

no

no

no

no

1) 2) 3) 4)

To be used in combination with the daylight conversion filter (No. 49 32 38) Eventually to be used with commercially available conversion filters (problematic colour rendition) Green interference filter (No .49 32 59) is used also visually with phase contrast Daylight filter (No. 49 32 41) has been provided for visual work only- exact colour compensation is possible only in combination with the daylight conversion filter for photography.

5)

When ordering please specify type of film and staining Kind of mount ing: S

R E F

1.

in mount on light entry opening of stand (88- p. B 3) mounted in TL filter insert (89 - p. B 3) in light exit opening of stand (B 12 - p. B 3) in TL fluorescence filter insert (B 10- p. C 4 )

Barrier Filters for ultraviolet and infrared As the majority of colour films and many black- and white films are highly se nsitive to ultraviolet and infrared this invisible spectra l range has to be blocked in order to obtain colour correct and sharp pictures. Therefore, the filter is permanently bui lt into the stand for all work in vis ible light. If alternatively examinations will be made in TL fluorescence-ex citation the .filter is mounted in the seco nd filter turret. When sliding in the corresponding exciter filter, the afore-mentioned one will be slit off automatica ll y. Please note that in this case the heat absorbing filter is om itted and the objective therma ll y loaded.

2.

Didymium Filter This is a new filter for photomicrography to intensify colours. Not only colours such as red, blue and violet frequently used in m icroscopy are reproduced .,fresher" and richer .in contrast but also other colours are improved. With this filter the slightly yellow/greenish colour of the slide'; background is shifted to a warm white/pink and is reproduced finally by means of t he projection lamp in a clear neutral tone. If with vigorously stained specimens or for any other reason this effect is not desired the filter may be dismantled or put out of the raypath if mounted in a turret.

B-3a

3.

Green Interference Filter This is a band-pass f il ter w ith a re latively small li ght absorpt ion inten sify ing t he contrast in black-and-white photography. Part icu lar ly effectiv e with sta inings hav ing a red component and above all for phase co ntrast work.

4.

Yellow Contrast Filter A contrast f il ter with a re latively sma ll li ght absorpt ion frequently used in b lack-and-white photography instead of the convent iona l gree n f ilter. Though p ictures are lower in contrast the differentiated rend it ion of detai ls or iginati ng from sta inin g of the spec im en is preserved.

5.

Daylight Fi lter It is used for vi sual work to give t he li ght of the ha loge n lamp a day l ight-similar character.

6.

Diffusing Glass (frosted ) The diffu sin g glass evenly ill uminates th e p ictu re and suppresses the unavoidable imag in g of th e lamp f il aments w hen using a halogen lamp. To keep light losses as low as poss ib le the degree of frosting this glass has bee n restr icted to ca reful ly co il ed lamps. For this reason it is advi sab le to use pri ncipa ll y trade-mark et lamps suc h as for instance from SYL VANIA, OSRAM, PHI LIPS or to t est them ca refu lly. Not fo ll owing th is well mea nt suggest ion it may happen that a shadow of the f il ament is shown on both, picture and photograph.

7.

Polacolor Filter Po lacolor f il ms are sens it ize d f or dayli ght and for ex posure t im es shorter t han 1/60 sec and have a correct colour rendition in t hi s range only.

7.1

If your m icroscope is equipped w ith a Xenon lamp (60000 K) short exposure times wi ll be obta ined in the majority of cases. The Panco lor film then may also be used w it hout any fi lters.

7.2

Wh en a Ha logen lamp (art ificial li ght 32000 K ) is utilized an adequate f il ter ha s to be take n to co rrect the co lour temperature and in many cases t he reciprocity fai lure to be co nsidered ow ing to the longer exposure t imes. The required information is given in the in stru ctio ns accompany ing t he Polaco lor fi lm. The filter may be obtained from region al p hoto trade.

7.3

To simp lify the co mparatively comp licated manipu lation s a Pancolor fi lter has been developed. In an exposure t ime range of 1 /2 " and 2" t he co lour tempe rature as wel l as th e rec iproc ity failure have been taken into consideration; the automati c exposu res wi ll yi eld good re sults. If th e ex posure t ime (w ith inserted f il ter) shou ld be shorter a neutral f il ter has to be used to reach the adequate range . If however t he ex po sure time shown shou ld be too long a correct ion according to 7.2 should be made.

8.

Contrast Filter for Blood Smears Sta inings after Giemsen or May-Gruenwa ld are difficult to photograph to show correct co lours and are rendered in different way s by the various co lour films. For highest requireme nts- above all for co lour different iations -we supply special filters which are properly matched as far as sta ining and kind of fi lm are concerned. When placing your order please give the necessary detai ls.

9.

Daylight Conversion Filter If a colour f ilm sensitized for dayl ight (55000 K) is used for artific ial light (3 2000 K ) an in admissible co lou r shift w ill occur. To obta in an abso lu te ly correct rendition of co lours a blu e co nv ersion filter (N o. 49 32 38 ) has to be used. Moreover the ex posure time must be within the exposure t ime range of the respect ive film stipu lated by the manufacturers. Sim il ar to all other f ilm types a higher exposure time w ill cause a co lour distortion wh ich has to be co mpensated either by lengthenin g t he exposu re t ime or by the f il ter. The day li ght fi lter inclu ded in th e basic equipment is provided for visual work only. It is however not accurate enough to adju st the co lour temperature to the day li ght f il te·r.

10.

Remarks concerning the Film T ype (colour)

10.1 In t he majority of cases co lour films of different manufacturers have different characterist ic features and are not re ndering co lours in the sa me way. 10.2 Please co nsi der t hat correct co lour rend ition is poss ible only when using a positive f il m. With negative f ilm s the colour fide li ty of paper images w ill remain problematically, as with m icroscopic objects t he laboratory does not have a compar iso n stand ard for the correctness of the colour. (R emedy: send a co lour correct sa mple) 10.3 Furthermore, take into cons ideration that the co lour tempe rature of the light source and the se lected film type mu st correspond . For the Halogen lamp an artifi cial I ight f il m is required For the Xenon burn er and for f lu orescence p ictu res a day light film has to be used The HBO 200 is unsuitable for co lour photography convers ion f il ters match the co lour temperature to each other in most cases, however, they do not giv e a correct colour balance.

B-3b

. I

7. Binocular viewing tube The eyepieces (822) are inserted into the binocular viewing tube (820) so that the alignment pins engage with the grooves of the eyep iece sleeves (821 ). The binocular viewing tube has a constant tube factor q = 1 x. The interpupillary distance is adjusted within a range of 55- 75 mm by pivoting the two eyepiece sleeves.

7. 1. Widefield plane compensating eyepieces Correction Magnification . Field of view No.

Image field diam. inmm

Eye relief inmm

Ref. No.

WPK 6,3

X

(24)

151

17,5

91 11 08

WPK 10

X

(24)

240

17,5

91 11 06

WPK 16

X

(1 5,5 )

248

16,0

91 11 09

823

The great eye relief enables spectacle wearers to work with WPK eyep ieces. For all normal-sighted microscopists eyep ieces will be supplied with eyecups (823 ) For fluorescence exam inations WPK 6, 3 X eyep ieces are recommended. For photomicrographic work WPK 10 X eyepieces are used.

7. 2. Diopter setting All widefield plane compensat ing eyepieces are f itted with an adjustable eye lens. With these eyep ieces an eventual difference in the acuity of the eyes can be compensated and the parfocality of objectives maintained. With normal-sighted eyes the white reference stroke (824) is opposite the 0-diopter mark (825) of the eyepiece.

7. 2. 1. Adjusting the eyelenses of a microscope without camera equipment At first spectacle wearers set the white reference stroke (824) of the right eyep iece opposite the O·diopter mark (825). Close the left eye and focus on the microscopic image by looking into the right eyep iece with the right eye. Then close the right eye and look with the left eye into the left eyep iece. By turning the left eyelens mount focus on the microscopic image. The microscopic image sharp ly focused by spectacle wearers has to be re-focussed by means of the eyelens mounts after taking off t he spectacles.

7. 2.2. Adjusting the eyelenses of a microscope equipped with camera Please refer to page 0-2 (para. 3)

7. 3. Neutral filter The neutral filters in slip-on mounts for light subdu ing are placed on to the eyelens mounts of the eyepieces in lieu of eyecups when changing over qu ickly from microprojection to visual observation.

B-4

I I

co 8. Beam splitter T he beam splitter, a system of prisms, directs the light either into the viewing tube or into the viewing tube and the camera by means of a setting pin (B 19).

Viewing

tube 100% 20%

Camera

80%

setting pin withdrawn setting pin pushed home

818 9. Magnification changer The magnification changer is housed on the right side of of the microscope stand. It is operated by means of a turret (B 18) which has 3 magnification steps viz. 0,8X/1 X/1,25X and a Bertrand lens for checking phase contrast and illumination setting.

813

10. Optics carrier The optics carrier (B 13) accepts the 6X objective nosepiece on changer slide (B 14) incident-light fluorescence modules transmitted -light barrier filter inserts the analyser insert (No. 30 06 37) the main prism with analyser (No. 46 32 02) and different compensators.

8 17

In lieu of the filler (B 15) the incident-l ight fluorescence insert may be fitted.

black dot

10. 1. 6X Objective nosepiece on changer slide The 6X objective nosepiece on changer slide (B 14) is placed into the optics carrier (B 13) from the left side and clamped into position with screw (B 16). The main prism or a compensator must not be inserted into the optics carrier on this occasion. Depending on the selected optical equipment either the objective Plan 10X, Plan 10XIK, Plan Apo 10X or Plan Apo 1OX I K is screwed into the threaded hole (B 17) of the nosepiece marked with a dot. The setting of the remaining objectives for brightfield and brightfield and phase contrast is shown alongside. In general, objectives are fitted so that clockwise rotation of the nosepiece brings in objectives of increasing magnification.

B-5

black dot

10. 2. Transmitted-l ight objectives

LL LL

J: 0

:> LL

~ A.

CD

~

f.

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X lC X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X

X X X

HF DF

Brightf ield Darkf ield

Correction Magn ificat ion Numerical aperture Mechanical tube length Cover-glass correction Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Iris Plan Oel Iris Plan Apo Plan Apo Plan Apo Oel Iris Plan Apo Oellris Plan Plan Iris Plan Oel Iris PlanApo Plan Apo Oellris Plen Apo Oel Iris Plan Ph Plan Ph Plan Oel Ph

FU IK

Free working d istance ii'l.mm

2,5x/0,076 oo/4x/0,12 m /10x/0,26 m/25x/0,46 m /0,17 40x/0,75 m /0,17 100x/1,26 m /0,17 10x/0,32 m /25x/0,66 m /0,17 40x/ 1,00 m /0,17 100x/1,32 m /0,17 10x/0,26 IK m /40x/0,76 IK m /0, 17 100x/1,25 IK m/0, 17 10x/0,32 IK m /40x/1,00 IK m /0, 17 100x/1,32 IK m /0, 17 10x/0,25 m /40x/0,75 m /0,17 100x/ 1,26 m /0,17

Fluorescence Examin. Interference Contrast

fed fed fed fed fed fed fed fed fed fed fed fed fed fed

6,1 13,0 1,9 0,60 0,29 0,1 3 0,58 0,1 9 0,23 , 0,10 1,9 0,60 0,13 0,58 0,19 0,10 1,9 0,29 0,13

Reference number

24 3101 24 32 01 24 34 01 24 36 01 24 37 02 24 40 02 24 44 01 24 46 01 24 27 02 24 50 02 24 34 51 24 37 52 24 40 52 24 44 51 24 27 52 24 50 52 24 34 06 24 37 06 24 40 06

BP Biolog . Polar izat ion PhK Phase Contrast

The magn ification of the objectives is engraved 3 t imes on the circumference of the objectives All phase contrast objectives are coded in red letters, the remaining ones in black. Oil immersion objectives have a black ident ification ring.

8-6

.,._ +-~ r

~

I

11. Object stages 11.1.

832

Square mechanical stage U 11 on stage carrier

The square mechanical stage U 11 (830) on stage carrier is pe rmanent ly f itted to the microscope sta nd and cannot be detached. The square mechan ica l stage (830 ) has a stage surface of 115x200mm. Coordinate movements 50x 75mm are operated by low-pos it ioned coaxia l contro ls ( 831). T he standard equipment inclu des a spec imen holder (832 ) for 26 x 76 mm object slides. T he object slide is firm ly clamped between a fixed jaw (833 ) and a spr ing loaded finger (834 ).

830

833 834

828 11.2.

Rotary mechanical stage U 02

To mount the rotary mechan ica l stage U 02 (828 ) on the stand, unscrew the co in-slotted screw (839) with a co in and remove the c lamp ing lever (837 ) from the toothed clamping screw. Unscrew the clamping screw Unt il the gu ide portion of the stage carrier can be fitted from the left hand side in the stage receptacle (826 ). After lower ing the stage up to the stop screw (8 27 ) the toothed clamping screw is fastened and cl amp ing lever (837 ) fitted again . The position of the clam ping lever (837 ) on the toothed c lamping screw has to be se lected in such a way that a sure c lampi ng of the stage carrier is ascertained before reaching the upper stop. The 180 degree stage rotation is cla mped with lever ( 838 ) and is used for proper positioning that part of the specimen which has to be photographed.

837

839

827

826

12. Coaxial coarse and fine controls

'' I J

I

Coarse and fine adjustment of the microscopic image are made by raising and lowering the object stage (8 30) with the coaxial coarse and fine controls (B 35) The left-hand f ine control has a measuring sca le for depth measurements (1 div _= 1 ).Jm).

838 12. 1. Autofocus The autofocus is a rapid focusing device which comes into operation as soon as the upper stop position of the coarse focusing control is reached_ The wide f ine focusing range of 2 mm allows for thickness differe nces of all commercially available object slides. After displacing the coarse focusing control and its return to the upper stop the respect ive posit ion of the fine focusing control is maintained. After every lowering and re newed raising of the object stage up to the stop of the coarse focusing contro l the microscopic image will be visible immediate ly at constant object thickness. For exact imaging a slight resetting with the fine focusing control will be necessary_

831 8-7

835

13. Condenser 13. 1. Condenser height adjustment The stage carrier (836) and the condenser receptacle ( 842 ) which is ad justab le to height with the contro l ( 841 ) are forming a complete unit.

13. 2. Condenser quick-changing device All condensers are equipped with a quick-changing device (8 43). When chang ing condensers the object stage remains in its working posit ion whereas the condenser receptacle is racked down to its lower position with the control (841 ). The knurled knob (8 44) of the condenser quick-changing device is turned clockw ise up to the stop. Then hook the condenser carrier (845) with the transverse round pin from above into the condenser receptacle ( 842). Press it down to the rear and clamp it tightly by turn ing the knurled knob (844) ant iclockwise.

8.41 844 842

850

13. 3. Brightfield condenser (No. 28 38 01) Th is condenser has two condenser top elements vi z, A= 0,90 (846) and A= 0,32 (847 ) and a lever for qu ick changeover (848). When work ing with the Plan 4x/0,12 objective standard widefield optics (849 ) : are used for even illumination of the f ield of view. For the Plan 2,5x/ 0,75 object ive spec ial widef ield optics (N o. 28 38 31 ) are requ ired. In the above two cases the fie ld-iris d iaphragm cannot be imaged in the f ield of view. When working with the objectives 10x to 100x t he f ieldiris diaphragm can be imaged in the f ield of view by adjusting the condenser to height. The fie ld-iri s d iaphragm can be centred to the edge of the f ield of view w ith the two setting screws (850 ) of the centr ing device. The condenser aperture- iris diaphragm is opened and closed with the setting p in (851 ). The condenser setting for the best illumination of the field of view can be seen from the tab le. For details regarding the illumination adjustment after Kohler please refer to page 8-9 (para 14).

Aperture/Work ingd istance w ith widefield opt ics A 'V 0,20/ 19mm without w idefield opt ics A= 0,32 / 19mm w ithout widefield opt ics A = 0,90/ 1,3mm

Object ives Plan 2 5x/O 075 Plan 4x/0,12 Plan Plan Apo

10x/ 0,25 10x/0,32

· Plan 25x/0,45 Plan Apo 25x/0,65 Plan Iris 40x/0,75 Plan Apo Oel Iris 40x/ 1,00 Plan Oel Iris 1OOx/ 1,25 Plan Apo Oel Iris 100x/ 1,32

B-8

846

851

843

847

849

.8

A-=0,32+

845

,, 14. Adjusting the microscopic image with the brightfield condenser (illumin ation adjustment after Kohler)

l I l

Switch on the 100 W low-voltage lamp with the rotary knob (07 ) of the control unit l..!lll of the regulating transformer. Set the dev iat ing mirror insert to red dot with the rotary knob (82). Set the neutral filter N9 (marked with the smallest white dot) or any other dot filter to the required brightness by turning the turret (89) of t he transmitted-light filter insert. If already exist ing: set the fluorescence insert to red dot (interference compensating fi lter) with the turret (810 ). Place a transmitted-light specimen on the object stage. Sw ing in the objective Plan lOX or Plan Apo lOX. Swing in the condenser front lens A = 0,32 with the lever (848). Turn the magnification changer into the desired position w ith the turret (818). Ra ise the object stage up to its stop with the control of the coarse focusing adjustment. Focus the microscopic image in the binocular viewing tube (820). Slightly close the field-ir is diaphragm with the control ( 8 11) and sharply image it with respect to the microscopic image by adusting the condenser to height with the contro l (841 ). Centre the image of the f ield-ir is diaphragm with the 2 setting screws (850) of the condenser centring device; then open it slightly beyond the field of view. With the rotary knob (87 ) adjust the distance between collector and lam p so that the object f ie ld is evenly illuminated. With the sett ing p in (851 ) close tire aperture-ir is diaphragm of the condenser so that the microscopic image appears as crisp·and contrasty as possible. Th is is usually the case when the objective rear lens is brightly illumi nated to about 2/ 3 of its diameter. After chang ing objectives, the sett ings of the f ield and aper· ture-iris diaphragms should be checked and corrected if necessary, please see page 8-8 (para 13.3.)

8-9

841

818

I

I)

C Special equipment and working methods 1. High-intensity lamps 1. 1. Fitting the lamp housing On t he back of t he microscope stand t here are 3 centr ing excent rics (C1) which are factory centred for t he f itting of the lamp housing (C2). Before t he lamp housing is f itted to t he stand t he clamping portion (C3) is aligned -as shown in t he illu stration - and t he screw (C4) loosened with a coin. T he lamp housing is f itted f rom above on the cent ring excent ri cs and f ixed with t he screw . The lamp housing is available in t wo execut ions.

}---C1 1. 2. Outfit for operation on alternating current 1. 2. 1. Lamp housing W This execution is taken for the super-pressure mercury vapour burner HBO 200 W/4 (N o. 86 00 16)

1. 2. 2 . Mains supply unit for t he HBO 200 W/4 For 220 V AC the mains supply unit (C 17) has been provided for. For other mains vo ltages such as e.g. 110 V, 125 V, 150 V or 250 V a supplementary transformer (N o. 62 11 01) -which will be supplied by us- has to be intercalat11d. This supplementary transformer is provided with a 1OA fuse for 110 125 V, with a 6,3A fu se for 150 V and with a 4A fuse for 250 v. On the front side of the mains supply unit (C 17) there is a togg le sw itch (C 18) and the safety starter (C19). At the rear side there are 2 plug boxes. In the left one the multi-pin plug of the lamp housing cab le is placed whereas the right one accepts the ma in s connecting cable. The mains supply unit is normally adjusted for L 1 burners. A reversai of the po larity of the L2 burner can be made after unscrewing the cover cap. (If required please ask for the wiring scheme). IMPORTANT NOTE: Before igniting the high-intensity burner check wether the lamp housing is closed.

-C2

C3

The HBO 200 W/4 burner is switched on with the toggle switch (C18). After ign ition the pilot lamp of the safety starter (C19) extinguishes and the light of the toggle switch shows that the burner is in operation. If the burner does not ignite the red button of the safety starter will jump out automatically to protect the ignition

I·

r---

device. The red button has to be depressed before switching on the burner with the toggle switch .

C-1

1. 3. Outfit for operation on direct current 1. 3. 1. Lamp housing G This execution is taken for use with the xenon high-pressure burner XBO 150 W/ 1 (No. 86 00 14) or the super-pressure mercury vapour burner HBO 200 W/ 2 (No. 86 00 12).

1. 3. 2. Mains supply units for operation on direct current

C22

C20

Connection to a mains voltage of 220 V/ 50 Hz is made with a stabilized mains supply unit. Externally both units differ in the inscription and the name plate. For connection to a deviating mains voltage a supplementary transformer is required.

Mains supply unit (N o. 62 15 01 ) This mains supply unit is used for the xenon high-pressure burner XBO 150 W/1 and has the following lettering:

ii.Ci:ii:

®.. . ..

-~·-

0

..-·

"POWER SUPPLY E2 - X8P/ R FOR XENON LAMPS"

Mains supply unit (No. 62 13 02) Th is mains supply unit is used for the super-pressure mercury vapour burner HBO 200 W/ 2 and is lettered as follows: "POWER SUPPLY E2- H200 P/ R FOR 200 Hg LAMPS"

C21 At the rear side of the mains supply unit (C20) there is a plug box (C25) for the mains connecting cable, a counter (C26) , on which the burning hours may be read as well as two plug boxes (C21) for connecting the two lamp cables with their special plugs. The instrument is fused (with 2 fuses) against the mains. (Spare fuses may be obtained from the electro trade) IMPORTANT NOTE: Before igniting the high-intensity burner check whether the lamp housing is closed.

Switch on the mains supply unit with the toggle switch (C22). In position "ON" the red glow-lamp lights up; then shortly depress the red "START" key to ignite the burner. If it should not burn immed iately press the red "START" key again. The burner is switched off by tilting the toggle switch (C22).

C-2

C26

C25

1. 4. Inserting the high-intensity burner Before opening the lamp housing pull off the mains connect ing cable. After a few revolutions the screw (C5) wit h co in slot jumps out slightly by spring tension. The lower part of the lamp housing back (C6) is drawn to the rear, then raised to abt. 15 mm and finally detached toward the rear. Handle the burner carefully to avo id any mechanical damage. Do not grip it by its quartz enve lope but by the terminal f ittings only. C6 - - r Tightly hold the respective terminal f itting to prevent any bending or torsional forces acting on the envelope. C 15 --+-After loosening the headless screw (C7) the adapter (C8) can be taken from the holder of the burner. Unscrew the two knur,led screws of the burner. Following the indicated pol ing, screw the burner into the adapter (C8) by means of the threaded bolt.

PDLYVAA \.

-t--""'

HBO 200 W/4 (No . 86 00 16)

HBO 200

In worki~g position the lettering on the terminal f ittings should be uprig~t.

0

_

·C9

HBO 200 W/ 2 (No. 86 00 12)

I""'F~----

•

Screw the positive pole of the burner into the adapter.

c10

XBO 150 W/1 (No. 86 00 14) In its cold state this burner has already an excess pressure of 100 kPa.

For safety reasons the burner is wrapped in a protective cover (C11). When removing the protective cover the operator must wear a mask and gloves. Adjust the holder of the burner with the adjusting knob (C 15) so that the burner with its protective cover is as far away from the heating ray barrier filter (C 16) as possible. Then screw the burner with its cathode (negative pole) into the adapter (C8). After slipping on the cable shoes (C 10) and tightening them with the knurled screw (C9) the .two clamps and afterward the bipartite protective cover (C 11) are removed. Ensure that the adapter (C8) in the burner holder is positioned in such a way that an eventual sealing pin on the quartz envelope is not in the optical path (reflector-conden ser axis). Tighten the headless screw (C7) of the burner holder. Slip the cable shoe (C10) of the connecting cable into the threaded bolt of the upper terminal fitting and clamp it with the knurled screw (C9). Before starting up the burner for the first time clean the quartz envelope with a clean cloth and alcohol as finger prints will burn into the glass envelope. To ensure safe operation change the burner when it has reached its average life (please refer to the instructions for the burner).

C16 ----H~--t-tt1titt1

~ :J}

-t:.....:;;;---CB

-n-irt:-*'---C 7 •

XBO 150

C16 C11 ----~rt---\-~U..ULll.

.

C--3

•

1. 5. Adjusting the high-intensity burner Details for adjusting the burner for transmitted-light brightfie ld fluorescence are given on page C-5 (para 2.1.4.) For in struct ions regarding incid ent-light f luorescence p lease refer to page C-7 (para 2.2.3 )

2. Fluorescence microscopy In general a super-pressure mercury vapour burner is used as a light source for fluorescence microscopy. For special cases, blue light excitat ion and particularly strongly fluorescent spec imens a 100 W low-voltage halogen lamp will be sufficient. Filter combinations for fluorescence microscopy are given in the "Field of Applicaton Survey" on page C-8 (para 2.3).

2. 1. Transmitted-light f luorescence 2. 1. 1. Immersion darkfie ld condenser For details please refer to page C-13 (para 4).

1. 1. 2. Filter insert for transmitted-light fluorescence The filter insert for transmitted-light fluorescence is integrated in the left side of the microscope stand and has a turret 10) with 6 filter openings. In the basic outfit these openings are closed with covers.

'B

Marking

1

Filter

Ref.No.

Red

Colour compensating filter ** )

30 06 60

Blue

Daylight filter ** )

49 32 41

Cover or filter, .if required IF blue exciter filter BP 455-490

B1

Cover or filter, if required Cover *)

.) 49 32 98

810

*)

49 32 99

To widen the field of application of the TL fluorescence outfit the following filters are available (see below). The filters are placed in the openings of the filter turret instead of the cover. , For the subsequent supply of the filters, the marking dots printed on gummed paper will be sent for fixing on the turret (8 10).

Marking

Exciter Filter

U1

UV exciter filter BP 330-380

49 32 24

V1

Violet exciter filter · BP 405/8

49 32 53

V2

Vio let-blue excitedilter BP 390-450

49 32 58

G1

Green exciter filter BP 546/10

49 32 54

Ref.No.

C-4

**)

If the TL fluorescence filter insert has to be supplied subsequently the 2 filters included in the basic outfit are removed from their mounts (please refer to page 8-3, para. 3 and 4) and placed in the turret (810). The respective cover is placed in the TL filter insert (sf]e page 8-3, para 3). The blue marking dot will be removed and replaced by that of the cover.

u

2. 1. 3. Transmitted-light barrier filter insert The barrier filter insert (C31 ) can be placed either in the left or right opening of the optics carrier (8 13) after removing the corresponding cover. The knu rled grip (C32) may be screwed into the transmittedlight f ilter insert e ither from t he left o r the right side as req uired . T he incident-light f luorescence mod ule w it h t he same mark ing conta ins t he same barrier f ilter and may be used instead of t he T L barrier f ilter insert. The tab l ~ on page C-8 (para 2.3) about the f ilter combi nat io ns for f luorescence microscopy specif ies t he available transmitted-light barrier f ilte r inserts.

C").--~--f-41---

c31

T--tt-H--C 32 813

2. 1. 4. Adjusting the burner for work with the transmitted-light fluorescence outfit T he fo llowing co nt rols are o n t he left side of t he lamp housing (C2):

t he rotary knob (C 12) fo r adjusting t he lamp co llector the adjust ing knob (C 13) for vertical adjustment of the burner t he adjusting knob (C 14) for horizontal adjustment of t he burner the adjusting knob (C1 5) for axia l adjustment of the burner. Exact adjustment of the high-intensity burner is made within the microsco pe stand. Sw ing in the neutral f ilter N9 (sma llest wh ite dot) with the turret (89) of the transm itted-light f ilter insert. Remove the transm itted-light fluorescence filter insert (on the left side of the microscope stand) after loosen ing the two screws. Set t he deviating mirror insert to black dot with the rotary knob (82); high-intensity _lamp-transmitted light. Fo r adj usting t he burner a little sheet of paper is p laced on t he light-entry open ing (88 ). With the two adjust ing knobs (C13 and C14) set the mirror image of the light arc so that it w ill be visible close to its image. I mage the Iight arc on the paper sheet as sharply as possible with the rotary knob (C 12). Adjust the image of the light arc with the adjusting knob (C14) so that it becomes clearly visible. With the adjusting knob (C 13) adjust the image and the mirror image of the light arc so th at they are at the same he ight and side by side. Wit h the adjusting knob (C1 5) set that posit ion in which both images are of equal size. Sharp ly focus both images of the light arc with the rotary knob (C12). Then turn the adjusting knob (C1 4) until the image of the light arc and its mirror image superimpose. ' With the rotary knob (C12) adju st the best illumination of the object field.

C- 5

C31----f,£'/

c2 - - - f . . - - - 1 - - - -

PDLYVAA

0

C35 C33 2. 2. Incident-l ight fluorescence microscopy 2. 2. 1. Incident-light fluorescence insert The incident-light fluorescence insert (C33) contains a fi eldiris diaphragm and a slide (C35) . The illuminating optics are built into the optics carrier (B 13) and the incident-light fluorescence insert. The field-iris diaphragm is opened by turning the control (C34) in clockwise direction. The sl ide (C35) locks in three positions. Red

fu ll passage of the light

® 0.

cover in the path of rays

u

( ( Wiiiiiliidiiiiii!idilii iii!U

diffusing glass for work with the 100 W LV halogen lamp

C34 2. 2. 2. Incident-light fluorescence module Every incident- light fluorescence module (C36) is a unit carefully tuned to the respective examination technique (see also "Filter combinations for fluorescence microscopy") and conB13 tains an exciter filter, a dichroic mirror and a barrier filter. The standard outfit includes an incident-light fluorescence module 81 for blue excitation (BP 455- 490). After removing the cover the incident-light fluorescence module can be placed into the opening of the optics carrier either from the left or the right side. The knurled grip (C37) may be screwed into the incident-light fluorescence module either from the left or the right side, as required. The table on "Filter combinations for fluorescence microscopy" on page C-8 (para 2.3.) lists all suppliable incident-light fluorescence modules and gives a survey on applicabilities.

If an outfit has no transmitted-light fluorescence filter insert the daylight conversion filter (No. 30 06 30) in slip-on mount is put on the light-exit opening (81 2) for work with transmitted light.

C-6

---

2. 2. 3. Adjusting the burner for work with the incident-light f luorescence outfit The following controls are positioned on the left side of t he lamp housing (C2): the rotary knob (C 12) for adjusting the lamp collector adjusting knob (C 13) for vertical adjustment the adjusting knob (C14) for horizontal adjustment and the adjusting knob (C15) for axial adjustment of the burner. th~;~

r I

'

Set the deviating mirror insert to red dot with rotary knob (82). High-intensity lamp- incident light. Open the field-iris diaphragm by turning control (C34). Place the slide (C35) to red dot. Place the incident-light fluorescence module (e.g . .,8 1") in working position. Place a larger, well stained fluorescence specimen on the object stage. Swing in objective Plan 10 x or Plan Apo 10 x. Set the magnification changer to 0,8 x or 1 x with the turret (818). Rack the objective upward to the stop with the coarse control. Sharply focus the microscopic image in the binocular viewing tube (820) with the fine focusing control. With the two adjusting knobs (C 13 and C 14) adjust the mirror image of the light arc so that it becomes visible close to its image. Image the light arc in the specimen plane as sharply as possible by means of the rotary knob (C 12). With the adjusting knob (C 14) adjust the image of the light arc so that it becomes distinctly visible close to its mirror image. With the adjusting knob (C13) adjust the image and the mirror image so that they are at the same height and side by side. With the ad)usting knob (C15) adjust that position in which both images are of equal size. With the rotary knob (C12) sharply focus both images of the light arc. Turn the adjusting knob (C14) until the image of the light arc and its mirror image superimpose. With the rotary knob (C12) adjust the best illumination of the field of view.

The adjacent figures show the image resp. the mirror image of the light arc of a super-pressure mercury vapour burner. Fig. a 1 and a 2 shows the HBO 200 W/4 (alternating current) Fig. b and b shows the HBO 200 W/2 (direct current) 1

2

C-7

PDLYVAA

C2

0

C12 C13 C14 C1

...,

~

I

I

I

I

L,.-.,.J I

I

(()) (()) ,.~

A

I

I

1..

lJ

~-~

I I

y

I

!

((~~ A li I!

2. 3. Filter combinations for fluorescence microscopy Incident-light fluoresce~e modu le

>(

Marking

U1

V1

V2

V3

B1

Ref. No.

90 11 05

90 11 06

90 11 28

90 11 93

90 11 07

IL Exciter filter

ultra-violet BP 330- 380

narrow-band violet BP 405/8 .

vio let-blue BP 395-446

narrow-band violet-blue BP 426-446

blu e BP 450-495

Dichroic mirror

DS 420

DS 420

bs 460

DS 460

DS 510

Barrier filter

LP 418

LP 418

LP 470

LP 470

LP 520

Transmitted-light exciter filters B1

Marking

U1

V1

V2

Ref. No.

49 32 24

49 32 53

49 32 60

49 32 98

violet-blue BP 390-450

blu e BP 455-490

TL Exciter f ilter

ultra-violet BP 330-380

narrow-band violet BP 405/8

'

Transmitted-light barrier filter module Marking

U1/V1

U1/V1

V2

B1

Ref. No.

90 11 19

90 11 19

9011 46

90 11 18

TL Barrier filter

LP 418

LP 418

LP 470

LP 520

Standardized f ilter designations BP Band-pass e.g. ·BP 450-495. The fi lter transmits light between 450 and 495nm; at 450nm and 495 nm transmittance amounts to 50%. BP 405/8: narrow-band filter. Maximum transmittance at indicated wavelength (405 nm). 8 nm is the half-width value of the transmittance curve. LP Long-pass e.g. LP 520: transmits all wavelengths longer than the indicated value of 405 nm. 50% transmission at 520 nm. DS Dichroic

illuminator mirror with specification of spectral reflection and edge of transm ission range in nm, e. g. DS 510

C-8

Incident-light fluorescence module Marking

B2

B3

B4

G1

G2

Ref. No.

90 11 24

901 1 94

90 11 95

90 11 08

90 12 20

IL Exciter filter

Dichroic mirror Barrier filter

blue BP 450-495

DS 510

narrow-band blue

narrow-band green

BP 475-495

BP 475-495

B~ 546/10

DS 510

DS 510

DS 580

DS 580

LP 590

LP 590

BP 520-560

selective

se lective BP 520- 560

green

narrow-band blu e

LP 520

BP 520-560

Transmitted-light exciter filters Marking

B1 / B2

G1

Ref. No.

49 32 98

49 32 54

TL Exciter f ilter

narrow-ban·d green

blue BP 455- 490

BP 546/10

Transmitted-light barrier filter module Marking

B2

G1

Ref. No.

90 11 47

90 11 2 1

TL Barrier filter

se lective BP 520-560

LP 590

f:

The illu minat ing path of rays which is not requ ired for the respective ill umination mode such as e. g. t he IL illu minating ray path in TL exam inations or the TL ill um inat ing ray path in IL exam inations is covered wit h the respective cover p late to avo id any stray light.

C--8a

Survey on fields of application Module

Fluorochrome

Field of app lication

X U1

BAO * ) Calcine blue DANS* ) DAPI, Hochst 33258 Serotonin SITS·

DNA Bones Immunology Chromosomes (Mi thramyc ine double-sta ining) Neurology Immunology (Protein marking)

IX V1

Catecho lam in Primul in 0 Tetracycline

Neurology Ce llulose, viruses Bones, teeth

AFS* )

DNA Chromosomes Cytology, botany, leprosy, bacteriology, virology Neurology Ce llulose, viruses Chromosomes

V2

Atebrine

Berberine sulfate Catecholamine

Primulin 0 Qu inacrin mustard (qu inacrin hydrochlorid) Atebrine Acriflavine Euchrysine

V3

Chromosomes DNA Cytology (nuclei), hematology, albumen, wood Chromosomes Hematology, fat, albumen, virology

au inacrin mustard Thioflavin

X B1

Acridine orange

Hematology, cytology (diagnosis of cancer) Chromosomes Tbc bacteria Hematology, cytology, fat, cell walls Chromosomes Immunology (TR lTC * ) double-staining) Chromosomes (DAPI * ) double-staining) Nuclei, fat Bones, teeth

Atebrine Auramine

Coriphosphine Distamycine FITC * ) Mitramycine Phosphine 3 R Tetracycline

82

FITC * )

Immunology (TRITC * ) double-staining) se lective observation

83

FITC ,* )

Immunology selective excitation .

B4

FITC * )

Immunology selective excitation and observation Cytology (determinat ion of nucleic acid) Contrast staining to FITC * ) Blood count Cytology (Feu lgen stain ing) Immunology, vacuoles, wood Albumen Immunology (F ITC * ) double-staining)

G2 se Iect1ve . excitation

G1 Parasos aniline Rhodamine B Thiazine red TRITC * )

*) Abbreviations

AFS BAO DANS DAPI

Acriflavine-Feulgen-SITS Bisamin ophenyl oxydiazole Diamino-naphtol sulfonic acid 4' -6' Diamidino:2-phenylindol

FITC MPS SITC TRITC

C-8b

Fluorescein isothiocyanate Methylgreen-Pyron in-Sti I ben Stilbenisothiocyanate sulfonic acid Tetramethyl rhodamin isothiocyanate

C44

3. Universal contrast condenser

C39

T hi s condenser is f itted wit h a qu ick-chang ing device (C39) . Insert t he co ndenser in t he condenser receptacle (842 ) as described on page B-8 (para 13.2. ) T he universa l cont rast co ndenser A= 1,30/0,90 is supplied in 3 executions: execution (R ef. No.) 28 39 02 28 39 01 28 39 03

Working method Brightfield 10 X - 100

X

X

X

X

X

X

Phase contrast lOx, 40x and 100x

X

X

Interference contrast 1Ox, 40x and 1OOx

X

Darkfield 25 X - 100

X

c X

Free working distance Object slide thickness

X

= 0,42 mm =

1,1 mm~O,l mm

From the illustrations of the three condenser executiOns (see below) the arrangement of the annular diaphragms, the quartz double prisms (interference contrast), the central diaphragm (darkfield) and the empty opening (brightf ield) with the respective markings (C44) on the turret (C42 ) can be seen clearly. Objectives shou ld be screwed into the objective nosepiece in the proper way as outlined on page B-5 (para 10.1). Proceeding that way nosepiece as well as condenser turret can be rotated in the same direction when changing objectives. For illumination of the lOx objective the widefield optics (C45) with carrier, marked "10" is put to setting mark (C43). For illumination of the object field a supplementary lens is supp lied for work with the Plan 4x objective. This supplementary lens is placed in one of the empty openings of the turret (C 42 ), e.g. of the darkfield centra l diaphragm. For work with the Plan 4x objective the widefield optics (C45) likew ise have to be used.

••• ••• ••• ••• •·• ••• ••• ••• •••

Nr.28 39 01

Nr.28 39 02

Nr.28 39 03 C-9

· ·'

Brightfield adjustment

3. 1. Focusing the microscopic image w ith the universal contrast condenser Switch on the 100 W low-voltage lamp with the rotary knob (07) of t he contro l unit resp. with @]_) of the regulating transformer. Set the deviatjng mirror insert with the knob (82) to red dot. TL setting of the 100 W low-voltage lamp. If fitted: set the turret (810) of the TL f luorescence f ilter insert to red dot (interference compensating filter).

neutral f ilter, if required

Turret (89) of the TL filter insert in position: Fully open the aperture-iris diaphragm of the condenser with knurled disc (C41 ) .

I

..

only if required

Place a few drops of immersion oil ori to the condenser front lens (C40)

Place the transm itted-light specimen on the stage. Set the magni-changer to the desired magn ification with turret (818). withdraw the main-prism completely

If fitted: Loosen clamping screw (C48) and the IC mains prism (C49) . .. fix it aga in with the clamping screw

0~

Swing in the widefield optics (C45) Swing in the objective, e.g. . ....... .

Turn the condenser turret (C42) until the resp. marking (C44) is opposite the setting mark (C43)

Plan Plan Apo

0

10x 10x

Empty opening (red dot)

With the coarse control rack the stage up to its stop. With the fine control sharply focus the microscopic image in the binocular viewing tube (820). With the control @1.11 fully open the field-iris diaphragm and sharply image it to the microscopic image by adjusting the condenser to height with the control (841). Centre the image of the field-iris diaphragm with the two setting screws (C46) of the condenser centring device. With the rotary knob (87) adjust the distance collector-lamp so that the object field is evenly illuminated . After swinging in the widefield optics with its carrrer (C45) the marking "10" is placed opposite the setting mark (C 43). The whole field will be fully illumi. nated. The field-iris diaphragm, however, cannot be imaged. · With the knurled disc (C41) the aperture-iris diaphragm of the condenser

is closed until the microscopic image appears as cr isp and contrasty as possib le

Changing objectives Swing in an objective, e.g . .... . ...... Swing out the widefield optics (C45) Set condenser turret to (C44) Swing in an immersion objective, e.g. Swing out the widefield optics (C45) Set condenser turret to (C44)

.........

Slightly close the field -iris diaphragm with the control (811) and sharply focus it to the microscopic image by adjusting the condenser to height. Centre the image of the field-iris diaphragm with the two screws (C46) of the condenser centring device and open it beyond the edge of the field of view with control (811). C-10

0 0

Plan Plan Apo Plan Iris

25x 25x 40x

Plan Oellris 100 X Plan Apo Oel Iris 100x Plan Apo Oel Iris . 100x Iris) Fu lly open the objective aperture-iris diaphragm.

Phase contrast adjustment

Interference contrast adjustment

Darkfield adjustment

Neutral filter as required

Neutral f ilter as required

Red dot (empty opening)

if required only

if required only

indispensable

main prism withdraw completely

main prism insert completely

main prism withdraw completely

Plan Ph

G

10x I K 10xiK

Plan PlanApo

10x

flo\ \.!Y

red letter ing annular diaphragm

~ white letter ing ~ . darkfield diaphragm

black lettering quartz double prism

C40

C41

C44 - - . . . . l llllllln C43-~.,.-r

open completely

©

close until the microscopic image appears as crisp and contrasty as possible

Plan Ph

40x

0

~ 0

Plan Oel Ph 100x

Plan Iris

GDc

40x IK

Plan Oel Iris 1OOx I K

@)c Ins)

fully open the objective aperture-iris diaphragm

\

C-11

open completely

Plan 25x Plan Iris ' 40x Plan Apo 25x

§

® Iris)

Plan Oellris 100x Plan Apo Oel Iris 40x Plan Apo Oel Iris 100x

close the objective apertureiris diaphragm as required

C47

3. 2. Re-centring of annular diaphragms The annular diaphragms are built into the turret (C42) of the condenser. If centrat ion has been made correctly the phase ring of the objective should be concentric to the annu lar diaphragm after every change of objectives. If this is not the case images may brighten up so that the annular diaphragms have to be re-centred. Please see to it that the objective nosepiece as well as the condenser turret properly engage and that the field- iris diaphragm is exactly centred. For checking the exact centration of the annular diaphragms a Bertrand lens "B" is used. It is swung into the path of rays with the turret (B 18) of the magnichanger. Then the two adjust ing keys (C47 ) are in serted into those turret (C42) openings which belong to the respective annular diaphragms and are turned until they are exactly centred.

C42

3. 3. Interference contrast main prism Slide the interference contrast main prism (C49) from the front and instead of the filler into the optics carrier (813) after unscrewing the screw (C48) by abt. 3 mm. The clamping screw (C48) acts as a fixation and, slightly unscrewed, as a stop. In action .. .. ... insert I K main prism down to the stop. Out of action ... withdraw I K main prism up to the stop. The analyser is rigidly built-in above the main prism. With the knurled screw (C50) the desired contrast, blackand-white or colour, may be adjusted.

C50 C-12

3.4. Polarizing equipment

r

C28

The t ransmitted-light filter pol ar ize r (C27 ) is p laced on the light-ex it opening of the microscope base so that the setup pin snaps into the groove provided in the mounting of the light-exit opening. The polarizer is rotable through 3600 and is divided from 5 to 5 degrees. At the zero position the direction of vibration of the po larized light is E - W. The ana lyser insert (C28) has a rigidly built-in ana lyser with a N- S vibration direction and is inserted into the module opening of the optics carrier (813) up to the medium click stop. The ana lyser insert with rotary analyser is inserted from the right hand side in the module opening of the optics carrier (813 ). To ensure correct reading on the mea-suring drum (C30 ) the ana lyser insert has to be fixed in its medium position with clamping screw (C29 ). The ana lyser is rotable through 360 degrees by means of the measuring drum (C30). The rotation of the analyser is read by sca le and vernier to 0,1°. In its zero position the direction of vibration is N- S. To re-adjust the analyser proceed as follows: Hold the measuring druiii . in the zero degree position. With a coin the slotted screw (C30a ) is turned, at crossed polarizer, until the field of view is completely dark. The transmitted-light compensators are inserted from the front instead of the filler or the interference contrast main prism (C49 ) in the optics carrier (813).

813 ----r-

C4g----~4~;;~~~

C27

Analyser insert, rotary

4. Immersion darkfield condenser (No. 28 40 01) Numerical aperture NA 1,18- 1,42/D Free working distance = 0,35 mm (immerse) Objectslidethickness = 1,1mm±.0,1mm The condenser has a quick-changing device (C52) for ease of operation. The insert ion into the condenser receptacle (842) is described on page 8-8 (para 13,2). For darkfield examinations all objectives with a NA higher than 0,65 are provided with an aperture-iris diaphragm. The condenser has a pivoting frosted screen (C55) for illumination of the Plan 25x and Plan Apo 25x objectives.

C29

C30

C30a

4. 1. Focusing the microscopic image with the immersion darkfield condenser

C53

With the rotary knob (82) of the deviating mirror insert adjust the transmitted-light setting adequate for the light source. Refer to page 8-2 (para 2). Set the turret (89) of the transmitted-light filter insert to the empty opening (red dot) If fitted: set the turret (810) of the transmitted-light fluorescence filter insert either to red dot (interference compensating filter) or to the required filter for transmitted-light fluorescence methods; refer to page C-4 (para 2.1.2.) With control (841) adjust the darkfield condenser in such a way that its front lens is abt. 0,5 mm below the stage level. Place a fe w drops of immersion oil on the front lens (C53) of the condenser.

. I I

C55 C-13

C52

C54

Place a darkfield specimen on the stage (object slide and cover-glass must be meticulously clean). Ra ise the condenser carefully with control (841 ) until a liquid contact is formed between condenser and object slide and the specimen is lightening up. Set the turret ( 8 18) to the desired position of the magnichanger. Swi ng in an object ive, e.g. Plan 25x or Plan Apo 25x. Wi th t he coarse contro l ra ise the stage up to the stop. Sharp ly focus the m icroscop ic image in t he b inocu lar viewing t ube (820) wit h t he f ine contro l. Slight ly close the f ield-iris d iaphragm w ith knob (8 11 ) and sharp ly image it to the m icroscop ic image by adjusting the con denser to he ight with co ntro l (841 ). Cent re t he image of t he f ield-iris d iaphragm wit h both centring screw s (C54) of the condenser centr ing devi ce and fu ll y open it wit h knob (8 11 ). Swing in t he p ivoting frosted screen (C55) for ill um ination of t he Plan 25x o r Plan Apo 25x object ive. Adjust t he d ist ance co llector- lamp and burner respect ively with the rotary knob (87 ) or (C12 ) as per app lied light source so th at t he o bject f ield is evenly illu m inat ed . When working wit h the 40x and 100x object ives resp. swing out t he fro st ed screen (C55 ) and clo se the object ive aperture as required.

C53

C55

C52

C54

4.3 Dry darkfield condenser Numerical aperture: NA = 0,7 - 0,9 Free working di stance: 4,8 mm Thicknessofobjectslide : 1,1 mm±0,1 mm T he dry darkfield conden ser is equipped with a quickchanging device (C52 ); centring device (C54) and a frosted screen (C55) . It is mounted as described in para. 13.2 (page 8-8) and adjusted as follows: Raise the condenser without in serted diaphragm (C57) and swung out frosted screen (C55) to the upper stop of the condenser guideway by mea ns of control (841 ). Swing in either object ive Plan 1Ox or Apo 1Ox and focus on the specimen plane. Lower the conden ser with control (841) until a central dark field will be vi sible. Centre the dark field with centring screw (C54 ). If the position of this centring screws remains unalte red a centrat ion will be necessary only once and will be maintained even when changing condensers. Rai se the condenser with control (84 1) until the best bright-dark contrast will appear. For work with objectives Plan Apo 25 x and 40x the diaphragm inser (C57) must be inserted into the condenser front lens. _With objective Plan 40x, likewise, a better contra st will be obtained with inserted diaphragm (C57) . With objectives 40x the aperture-iris diaphragm ha s to be clo sed until an even bright-dark contrast will be visible over the whole field of view. With low-power objectives (e.g . 4x ) the frosted screen (C55) may be swung -in, as required, f or even illumination .

C-14

C56

C57

l C55

C54

C52

01

02

03

04

O.Camera system 1. Camera insert The camera insert (D1) is fully integrated in the microscope stand and comprises: a system of deviating mirrors the photo eyep iece the electron ically contro lled swing-out mirror camera shutter t he silicone photo element (can be used also as an expos ure meter for cinemicrograph ic outfits ). The opening (D2 ) wit h clamping screw (D3) for a camera

2. Control unit

l l l

._,

T he camera insert (D 1) is connected with the 100 W lowvoltage lamp and the control unit with cables (D5) running from the rear of the microscope stand. The cables are provided with unconfoundable plugs. The control unit may be connected with : 100 W/12 V DETECTOR REMOTE FUSE POWER

P'

l

flash lamp lamp light measurement remote control contro l (projection of signs, transport etc.) fuse 1,6MT/110Vor 0,8 MT/ 220 V connection to the mains.

0

f0

0· 0

.....

0

-~

0

......,..

0 oQo

..... 0

a ...

8

c 07 Press key

010

06

08

09

.

'iIt ~·I

.Ir.~ 012

011

Function

STOP (red)

Interrupts the automatic exposure and closes the camera shutter.

TIME (yellow)

Opening or closing the camera shutter by pressing the key.

Possibility of long-time exposures (t > 1 hour) or of projection to a frosted screen .

~!!£ (£)

'(rooo

START EXP ~ Start of the automatic exposure shown by light emitting d iodes (D12 ) . (green )

__, -

-()1

..... Nr:[ii]!iJ

vE!!C!!!J• [![] ,.. liiiil· - - - A»t' o..r

With the rotary knob (D7) at the front the control unit (D6) is switched on and the thyristor control of the regulating transformer of the 100 W low-voltage halogen bulb operated. The voltage on the lamp is indicated by two light-emitting diodes (D8). For details please see page B-1 (points 1.1 .1 and 1.1.2). The control is made with keys which are lighting up if they are depressed. More details concerning their function are to be found in the summary at right. The DIN-ASA knob (D 11) adjusts the f ilm speed within a range of 9-42 DIN resp. of 6- 12800 ASA. By altering intentionally the film speed, exposure factors automat ically result. D-1

When the upper red light-emitting diode lights up and therewi th indicates an exposure time t ~ 1/125 sec. the equipment is blocked, no exposure takes place. When the lower red light-emitting diode ligh ts up and indicates an exposure time t ?' 1 hour, the shutter is openend by pressing the "START EXP" key but has to be closed again after exposure by pressing the "STOP" key. FRAME (yellow)

The brightness of the luminous signs may be matched to the microscopic image with knob (D10).

During the exposure the focusing device is switched off. MAN TIME

is used in those specia l cases where the automatic exposure time is altered manually with knob (D9).

3. Focusing device The focusing device is integrated in the microscope. It is switched on with the key "FRAM E" of the control (D6). After swinging in t he beam splitter (20% viewing tube, 80% camera) the setting ping (B19) is slit in - the luminou s signs will be visible in the binocular viewing tube (B20). With knob (D 10) the brightness of these signs will be matched to that of the microscopic image. Without taking the microscopic image into consideration the eyelens mounts of the two WP K 1 Ox eyepieces are rotated until in the left as well as in the right eyepiece the concentric circles are seen distinctly . Then the microscopic image is sharply focused with the fine control. The framing marks are matched to the camera system (camera factor). The outer rectangle corresponds to the formats 24 x 36 mm resp. 4 x 5" and the inner one to the format 3 1/4 x 4 1/ 4"

For technical data on camera magnification in the film plane and object field diagonal please consult page E-5

4. Automatic miniature camera

018

The automatic miniature camera consists of the following parts

020

camera basic body (D13) with transport motor swing-up cover (D 19) objective sleeve (D 14) orienting pin (D 15) clamping lever (D 18) for attaching film changing cassette (D20) frame counter (D17) with reset key. After removing the cover (D4) turn the clamping screw (D3) of the camera insert ( D 1) anticlockwise up to the stop. · Put the camera basic body (D 13) in the opening (D2) provided and fix it with the clamping screw (D3).

013

D-2

014

015

019

4. 1. Film changing cassette The front of the f ilm changing cassette (020) has two dials to mark the film data. The right d ial shows the DIN-ASA scales, the left one additional data such as:

ljl

black and white f ilm

Q

indoor (art ifical light ) co lor f il m

¢-

daylight co lor f ilm

+

pos it ive (reversa l) film negative f ilm

20-36

021

number of frames

The illustration alongside shows t he follow ing sett ing: Tungsten-light colour reversal f ilm with 20 exposures, film speed 18 DIN resp. 50 ASA.

4. 1. 1. Opening the film changing cassette Press down the two locking keys (0 21 ) on the f il m changing cassette and remove the cassette back (0 22) which spr ings open. The frame counter (023) which is visible t hrough the magnifier automatically resets to the start position .,A" when the cassette back (022) is opened.

4 . 1. 2. Loading the film changing cassette

r

Put the film cartridge (024) in the cartridge chamber (025) with the perforated side forward. The film leader is in serted in the slot of the takeup spool (027) and is hung on the tooth with the second perforation hole. Then the takeup spool is turned by its knurled ring until the f ilm is tightened and the teeth of the transport wheel fully engage with the film perforat ions. The cassette back (022) is inserted in the groove of the housing and closed by pressing it upward in direction to the locking keys. The film is advanced with the rapid transport key (028) until the number "1" appears in the frame counter ( 023) and the key shows upward.

D-3

4. 1. 3. Placing the film changing cassette into the camera basic body

018

016

028 .

Turn the clamping lever (018) of the basic camera body (013) to the right up to the stop. The cassette transport key (028) unfolded and vertical to the fi lm plane is set into the camera basic body in oriented position to the driving cam (016) of the automatic film transport; at the same t ime the cassette shutter is opened. The cassette is fixed by turn ing the clamp· ing lever (018) to the left. With the push-button the frame counter ( 0 17) on the camera basic body can be reset to "000". After every exposure the film is transported automatically and the number of already made exposures shown on the frame counter.

1. 4. Unloading the film changing cassette When the whole film has been exposed a red dot will appear in the film counter (023) of the film changing cassette after 20 or 30 exposures. A slipping clutch between the transport motor and the driving cam (016) will prevent torn preforations whenever transports are being made beyond the above number of exposures. When the typical noise occasioned by the slipping clutch will be heard put the equipment out of action with the rotary knob !.Ql). After the film changing cassette has been removed from the camera basic body the exposed film must be re-wound into the cartridge. For that purpose slide the locking lever (029) in direction of the arrow "R" so that the film rewind crank (030) jumps up. After unfolding the crank the film may be rewound. A sl ight resistance will be felt when the film is released from the takeup spool. The crank is then folded back into its rest posit ion and the locking slide jumps back to "R". After open ing, the film changing cassette the fi lm cartridge can be removed. We recommend to detach the film changing cassette at first and later on the camera basic body as otherw ise one frame of the film is exposed automatically when detaching the complete automatic miniature camera.

017

030

029

I I

0-4

I I

5. Large format camera The large format camera consists of

031

the camera housing (D31) the objective sleeve (D32) a deviating mirror system the international camera back (D33) the frosted screen (D35) with springback device (D 34). After removing the protective cap (D4) turn the clamping screw (D3) of the camera insert (D1) in anticlockwise direction up to the stop. The camera housing (D31) is fitted to the opening (D2) provided in correct orientation and fixed with the clamping screw (D3) . Focus the microscopic image with the focusing device (see page D-2, para 3). The image may be focused also by means of the frosted screen (D35). To observe the image on the frosted screen the camera shutter has to be opened with the "TIME" key.

034

032

5. 1. International camera back With the springback device (D34) the following cassettes can be used on the international camera back (D33): double cassette, for sheet films 4 x 5" (No. 85 00 07) double cassette, for sheet films 9 x 12 em (No. 85 00 06) Polaroid sheet film cassette 4 x 5" (No. 85 00 11) Polaroid f ilmpack cassette 3 1/4 x 4 1/ 4" (No. 85 00 20). All these cassettes may be inserted underneath the frosted screen (D35). For that purpose the frame of the screen is slightly raised against the spring and the cassette inserted between the camera back and the frosted screen. Various cassettes can be fitted to the international camera back only after removing the frosted screen frame (D35). For that purpose the two springy straps of the springback device (D34) which are on the frosted screen are depressed. Then the frame is slit to the right and can be removed. The cassettes are fitted with two slides marked "off".

•

A swing-out and detachable light hood (No. 16 06 21) is available.

6. Point measurement

026

Po int measurement can be real ized w ith the .. POL YMATIC P" camera system on ly. With the rotary knob (D26 ) the camera system is set to po int measurement, visuall y shown by flashing up of control lamp (POINT ) on the contro l unit. The measuring fie ld which has to be used for measurement is that within the double circle of the format delineation.

•

.""

.Q rfABCitW!f T..JIINl1

=~t

i~: -~

ITM'T&)l~

g

PO INT

D-5

. .......... a: .....

•''"' i~5

PHOlO

I"

~i A..

'

7. Special objective p = Sx for the automatic miniature camera The standard equipment of the automatic miniature camera includes a standard objective with camera factor p = 2,25x. If the special objective should be used the camera basic body (D13) has to be re-set. For this purpose the standard objective with its objective sleeve (D14 ) is unscrewed by turning it anticlockwise. The special objective with its objective sleeve (D36 ) is unscrewed from the objective casing (D38 ) by turning it anticlockwise. The spacer sleeve (D31) which now can be removed is screwed into the camera basic body ( D 13) instead of the standard objective. Finally the objective casing (D38 ) is attached so that the orienting pin (D1 5 ) of the camera basic body fits into the groove and the special objective screwed into the spacer sleeve (D37). As soon as the automatic miniature camera with its special objective is mounted~~ -the ~icroscope the film transport motor is switched on and the camera system ready for miniature photography. If pictures should be taken with the special objective the film speed has to be reduced on the control unit by 7 DIN by means of the Dl N-ASA knob ( D11) (e.g. with a film speed of 21 DIN to 14 DIN). The magnification in the film plane is determined as follows: Mcam = Vobj · q · P Mcam q p Vobj

= Magnification in the film plane = Magnification of the tube lens = Camera factor (with special objective p = 5x) =Objective magnification

The framing marks are matched to the camera system. The innermost marks have to be used for the special objective p = 5x. Supplement to the table "Camera Data" on page E-5:

Automatic miniature camera 24 x 36 mm with special objective

Film format diagonal 8' (inmm)

Camera factor p

Image field No. BFz

43,3mm

5x

8,7mm

D-6

013 014

E Optical data - formulae and tables In this chaptre the most important optical data regarding the microscope are treated , the ir inter-relationship expressed in formulae and presented in tables.

~

I

1. Image-forming path of rays For your convenience the greatly simp Iified sketch of t he image-formin g path of rays shows all the most important components and the ir designations.

(

Eye

Eyepiece V Ok

Intermediate image p lane

E E ~

N

...J

.t

Tube lens q

I I I I

Objective Vobj

. I

Object p lane

E- 1

2. Formula signs, designations and formulae Formul a signs

Des ignation

V Obj

Object ive mag nif icat ion

Formu lae 250

=- - -

q

:

fTL fT ub

vok

-

250 fQk Vobj . q .

fOb j

::.

fT ub f Ob j

D'

:

BF z

= -p

fTub 250

VOb j

250

Co nvent ional viewi ng d istance (in mm )

f Qbj

Foca l length of obj ect ive (in mm )

f Tub

Foca l length of th e t ube lens= 183,1 mm (q = 1x )

fTL

Focal length of t he t ube lens (q "4 1x )

q

Magnification fac tor of a tube lens

vo k

Eyep iece mag nificat io n

fok

Focal length of eyepiece (in mm)

V Mikr

Micro scope magnif icat io n

VM ikr

:.

Me am

Magnification in t he film p lane

Me am

'"' Vobi • q . P

p

Camera factor

D

=

VOk

In the object p lane D

Object field diameter (in mm)

D'

Object field diagonal (in mm)

,

In the intermediate image plane SFz

Field of view number

(inmm)

BFz

Image field number

(inmm)

SF z VObj . q

_s_

BF z VObj . q

B'

SFz

=

s

:

D • VM ikr

:

D' • Mcam

= BFZ · P

vok

In the plane of conv. viewing distance

s

Image field diameter (in mm)

SFz • Vo k

In the film plane B'

Film format diagonal (i n mm)

B'

=

A

Numerical aperture of the objective

A

= n . sin a

VF

Usefu l microscope magnification

VF

= 1000 ' A

A:

Wavelength of the light (green=550nm)

d

Resolving power · (distance .between 2 dots)

d

=

L/mm

Lines per millimet er

Llmm

:.

n

R.I. of the medium before the front lens

sina

Sinus semi angle of aperture

tg 012

Tangens sem i angle of view

K

Eyepiece measuring constant (in ,!Jm)

M

Micrometer value (in .!Jm)

_l 2A 2A

X

tg o/2 = SF z = 2. toK M

E - 2

=

K VObj . q

2 . SF z. VO k 1000

3. Transmitted-light objectives Correction Magnification of objective

Numerical aperture N.A.

Resolution d = A/2A (A= 550nm) d in um

Lines/mm

Useful magnification VF = 1000 A

Coverglass correction

*)

-

Plan Plan Plan Plan Plan Iris Plan Oel Iris

2,5x 4x 10x 25x 40x 1OOx

0,075 0,12 0,25 0.45 0,75 1,25

3,67 2,29 1,10 0,61. 0,37 0,22

273 436 909 1636 2727 4545

75 120 250 450 750 1250

0,17 0,17! 0,17

Plan Apo Plan Apo Plan Apo Oel Iris Plan Apo Oellris

10x 25x 40x 100x

0,32 0,65 1,00 1,32

0,86 0,43 0,28 0,21

1163 2364 ' 3636 4800

320 650 1000 1320

0,17! 0,17 0,17

* ) Cover glass correction

A

~

A/2

d

Llmm

0,58 0,19 0,23 0,10

I ;,.,...,~fd.,·ve ?!

VF

A

6,1 13,0 1,9 0,60 0,29 0,13

0,17 (Cover glass th ickness, keep to ± 0,05 mm) 0,17! (Cover glass thickness, keep to±0,01 mm) (Coverglass- intensit ive, can be used with or without cover glass)

FORMULAE BLOCK

1000

-

Free working distance inmm

1

Numerica l aperture

VF

Useful m icroscope magn if icat ion

A

Wavelength of light (green )

d

Reso lving power (d istance between 2 dots)

Llmm

L ines per mil limeter

n

R.I. ofthe med ium before the front lens

sin a

Sinus semi ang le of aperture

VF

1000 A

d

XI 2 A

Llmm

2A/"J....

A

n sina

4. Widefield plane compensating eyepieces Correct ion Eyep iece Magnificat ion v ok WPK 6,3 X WPK 10 X WPK 16 x

Field of vi ew diameter number SFz inmm

s

Ang le of vi ew

151 240 248

Vok

Eyepiece magn ificat ion

SFz

Field of view number (i n mm )

s

Image f ield diameter (i n mm )

tg 6/ 2

Tangens sem i angle of view

K

Eyepiece measuring constant (i n ,urn )

M

Micrometer va lue (i n ,um )

Measur ing co nsta nt

6

inmm

24 24 15,5

Eye reli ef

K in,um

inmm 33,5 51 52

17,5 17,5 16

s

VQk.SFz

tg 6/2=

SFz 2 . fQk

M

E-3

K

VQbj .q

2 · SFz. YOk 1000

I I

I I '

5. Microscope magnification

VM ikr

Diamet er of the field of view Magn ificat ion of the intermediate image VObj. q

O,Sx

D

(inmm)

Microscope magnif ication

Field of view d iameter , (in mm )

VMikr = VObj . q . Vok

D = SFz I VObj . q

Eyep iece magn if icat ion vok

Eyep iece magn if ication vok

VObi

1,25x

6,3

10

X

X

16

X

6,3 X

10

12,0 9,6 7,5 6,0 4,S

12,0 9,6 7,5 6,0 4,S

16

5,0x

12,5x 16x 20x 25?< 32x

20x 25x 32x 40x 50x

32x 40x 50x 63x SOx

12,5x

50x 63x SOx

SOx 100x 125x

125x 160x 200x

3,0 2,4 1,92

3,0 2.4 1,92

1,94 •1,55 1,24

50x

125x 160x 200x 250x 320x

200x 250x 320x 400x 500x

320x 400x 500x 630x SOOx

1,2 0,96 0,75 0,6 0,4S

1,2 0,96 0.75 0,6 0,4S

0.7S 0,62 0.4S 0,39 0,31

125x

500x 630x SOOx

SOOx 1000x 1250x

1250x 1600x 2000x

0,3 0,24 0,19

0,3 0,24 0,19

0,19 0,16 0,12

2,0x 2 5x 3,2x

3,2x 4,0x

S,Ox 10,0x

20x 25x 32x

32x 40x

SOx 100x

FORMULAE BLOCK

VObj

D

VMikr

SFz

s

~

VObj . q . Vok = VMikr S: VMikr = D

E-4

X

7.75 6,2 4,S4 3,SS 3,1

VObj

Objective magnification

q

Magnification factor of the tube lens (magni-changer)

Vok

Eyep iece magnification

VMikr

Microscope magnification

D

Object field diameter

(in mm)

Field of view number

(in mm)

S

z. B.

X

Field of view diameter (in mm) (image field diameter et 250 mm)

6. Camera data FORMULAE BLOCK

Camera factor p

Image field no.

43,3 mm

2,25x

19,2 mm

Large format camera Double cassette 4 x5" 96,25x 120,66mm

153,6 mm

Bx

19,2 mm

Large format camera Po laro id 4 x 5" B9 x 114 mm

144,6 mm

Bx

1B,1 mm

Film format diagonal B' (in mm) Automatic miniature camera

Camera

Microscope

BFz

24 x 36 mm

Large format camera Polaroid 31 /4 x41 /4" 73,03x95,25mm

D' Object fi eld diagonal

z. B. Bx

120,0 mm

15,0 mm

Magnification of the intermediate image VObj. q O,Bx VObi

' '

5"

31 /4x41 /4"

B'(mm) 153,6

B' (in mm) 120,0

D'

D'

5 Ox

12 5x

1Bx 23x 2Bx

2,40 1,92 1,54

64x BOx 100x

2,40 1,92 1,54

1,BB 1,50 1,25

4~x

56x 70x 90x 112x

0,96 0,77 0,61 0,4B 0,3B

160x 200x 250x 320x 400x

0,96 0,77 0,61 0,4B 0,3B

0,75 0,60 0,4B 0,3B 0,30

1BOx 225x 2B1x

0,24 0,19 0,15

630x BOOx 1000x

0,24 0,19 0, 15 ·

0,19 0,15 0,12

32x 50x

BOx 100x 125

(inmm)

Bx

X

3 2x

40x

Fi lm forfciCYt diagonal

4

7,50 6,00 4,75 3,75 3,00

25x

(inmm)

.p

9,60 7,6B 6,07 4,BO 3,B4

20x

(inmm)

Image field number

Large format camera

16x 20x 25x 32x 40x

10 Ox

Object field diagonal

(i nmm)

9,60 7,6B 6,07 4,BO 3,84

BOx

Magnification factor of the tube lens (magni-changer ) Magnification in the film plane

5x 6x 7x 9x 11x

4 Ox

32x

D'

Objective magn ification

Camera factor

Mcam

2 5x 3 2x

Automatic miniature camera .p B' (mm) 2,25x 43,3

VObj . q . P = Mcam

Mcam D'

1,25x 2 Ox

'

D'

Mcam

E-5

Intermediate Diagonal of image plane fi lm plane

p

BF z B'

Mcam

Object field diagonal

B'

B' : Mcam = D' VObj q

7. Magnification in the film plane

BFz

7. Magnification in the film plane

M Cam

Object field diagonal

0'

(inmm)

Automatic miniature camera

Magnification of the intermed iate image

p

p

V Obj 'q 0,8x

2,25x Vobi 1,25x 2,0x

1,6x 2x 2,5x 4x

4x 5x 6,3x

Bx 10x

10x 12,5x

16x 20x

20x 25x

40x

40x 50x 63x

BOx 100x

100x 125x 200x

Large format camera

B' (mm) 43,3

8x

4 X 5"

31 /4x 41 / 4"

B' (mm) 153,6

B' (in mm) 120,0

D'

Mcam

D'

D'

3,6x 4,5x 5,6x

12,03 9,62 7,73

12,8x 16x 20x

12,00 9,60 7,68

9,38 7,50 6,00

9x 11 ,3x 14,2x 18x 22,5x 28,1x 36x 45x 56,2x

4,81 3,83 3,05 2,40 1,92 1,54 1,20 0,96 0,77

32x 40x 50x 64x SOx 100x 128x 160x 200x

4,80 3,84 3,07 2,40 1,92 1,54 1,20 0,96 0,77

3,75 2,40 1,88 1,50 1,25 0,94 0,75 0,60

90x 112x 142x · 180x 225x 28 1x

0,48 0,38 0,31 0,24 0, 19 0, 15

320x 400x 500x 640x 800x 1000x

0,48 0,38 0,31 0,24 0,19 0,15

0,38 0,30 0,24 0,19 0,15 0,12

450x

0,10

1600x

0,10

0,08

Me am

E-6

3,oq

F. Technical Data 1. Dimensions in mm

r

·o· .

.

.

.

PCLVVAR LO