QianKen Colloquial Chinese 2 2015 [PDF]

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The Next Step in Language Learning

Key features of Colloquial Chinese 2 include: • revision material to help you consolidate and build up your basics • Chinese texts presented in simplified characters and pinyin romanization throughout • lessons based on practical everyday topics and supplemented by useful cultural notes • lots of spoken and written exercises in each lesson for practice and consolidation • a grammar summary, detailed answer key and Chinese English glossary Colloquials are now supported by FREE AUDIO available online. All audio tracks referenced within the text are free to stream or download from: www.routledge.com/cw/colloquials Recorded by native speakers, the audio complements the book and will help enhance learners’ listening and speaking skills. A link to the companion website for the book can also be found at this site. The companion website provides a range of additional exercises to reinforce the material from the book.

FRee Audio Online

2 The Next Step in Language Learning

ISBN 978-1-138-95824-1

2

Chinese

Colloquial Chinese 2 is designed to help those involved in self-study; structured to give you the opportunity to listen to and read lots of modern, everyday Chinese. It has also been developed to work systematically on reinforcing and extending your grasp of Chinese grammar and vocabulary.

COLLOQUIAL

2

Do you know Chinese already and want to go a stage further? If you’re planning a visit to China, need to brush up your Chinese for work, or are simply doing a course, Colloquial Chinese 2 is the ideal way to refresh your knowledge of the language and to extend your skills.

C OL L OQUIA L

Chinese Kan Qian

the everyday ✔ Masterlanguage cultural ✔ Up-to-date situations

✔

Accessible and thorough

free audio online

Chinese

The Colloquial 2 Series Series adviser: Gary King

2

The following languages are available in the Colloquial 2 series: Chinese Dutch French Italian Russian Spanish Spanish of Latin America

Colloquials are now supported by FREE AUDIO available online. All audio tracks referenced within the text are free to stream or download from www.routledge.com/cw/ colloquials. If you experience any difficulties accessing the audio on the companion website, or still wish to purchase a CD, please contact our customer services team through www.routledge.com/info/contact.

Chinese language learning Kan Qian

R Routledge

Taylor & Francis Group

LONDON AND NEW YORK

First published 2007 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2007 Kan Qian Typeset in 10/12pt Sabon by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Kan, Qian, 1960– Colloquial Chinese 2 / Qian Kan. p. cm. – (Colloquial 2 series) Chinese and English. Includes indexes. 1. Chinese language–Conversation and phrase books–English. 2. Chinese language–Grammar. I. Title. II. Series. PL1125.E6K37 2006 495.1′83421–dc22 2006007103 ISBN13: 978-1-138-95824-1 (book) Every attempt has been made to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any proper acknowledgement has not been made, we would invite copyright holders to inform us of the oversight.

Contents

Introduction Acknowledgements

vii x

Unit 1

^ X S . ^ I H Zhongwén yTjf Zhongguó The Chinese language and China

1

Unit 2

iS^IifJcfT Zài Zhongguó luxfng Travelling in China

19

Unit 3

OiiM Jiànkang Health

37

Unit 4

Wk^lifc'^ Jùhul hé ymshf Get-togethers and food

53

Unit 5

i J ^ Gud nián Celebrate Chinese New Year

71

Unit 6

TsiSnilS? Xìngqii hé àihào Interests and hobbies

87

Unit 7

t&W Jiàoyù Education

103

Unit 8

I f £ Gongzuò Work

121

Unit 9

r & i i l F i J i Jiaotong yu huánfing Transport and environment

136

Unit 10

^ y i R 5 I £ l « ] Diànnao hé hùliánwang Computers and the internet

150

Unit 11

$HM-F~k HunyTn yu zTnii Marriage and children

169

Unit 12

Sti=n3!H-t Gaigé hé biànhuà Reform and change

192

vi

|

Contents

Key to exercises and reading/listening comprehension questions Appendix A: Texts, dialogues, reading comprehension texts and listening comprehension scripts in complex characters Appendix B: English translation of the authentic texts in Units 10, 1 1 and 12 Chinese–English glossary Index to language points Index to culture notes

212

241 262 265 294 296

Introduction

Intended readership This book is designed for English speakers who have done a beginner’s course in Chinese, and who would like to continue with their learning at an intermediate level. The book can be used as a self-study course or as supplementary material for a taught course. The text has taken into consideration the fact that whereas some learners may have learnt pinyin only, others may have learnt both pinyin and characters. Throughout the book, both pinyin and simplified characters are used so that learners can choose to learn either or both. For a minority of learners who have learnt the tradi­ tional form of Chinese characters, there is an appendix of the texts and dialogues in traditional form at the end of the book (Appendix A).

Objectives By the end of the book, learners should be able to: ◗ conduct a meaningful conversation in Chinese on a variety of topics ◗ have a better command of Chinese, and as a result use more sophisticated sentence structures such as the passive voice, the basentence, topic structure, etc. ◗ read simple authentic texts such as articles from Chinese news­ papers or popular magazines with the help of a dictionary ◗ write letters and diaries in Chinese.

Structure of the book and how to use it This book contains about 1,500 words (not individual characters), amongst which about 1,100 are new words. It is divided into 12 units

viii

I

Introduction

covering a wide range of issues that are relevant to modern China today, ranging from marriage and work to computers and the internet. It is important to follow the sequence of the units as they appear in the book because they get progressively more difficult. As pinyin is used throughout the book with the characters, the following conventions are adopted: ► syllables are linked together to correspond to their English equival­ ents rather than to represent each Chinese character (e.g. bàozhi instead of bào zhi for flz-IK ‘newspaper’) ► tone marks do not reflect the tone change, except for ^ (i.e. ^ in isolation is the fourth tone bù but becomes the second tone if it is followed by another fourth tone, for example ‘bú dàn’ for ‘not only’). For tone change rules, see Colloquial Chinese (Kan Qian, Routledge, 1995: Introduction) ► neutral tones are not marked ► four-character fixed expressions are linked with hyphens (e.g. ^SlKfjlE míng-shèng-gu-ji for ‘places of historical interest’) ► proper nouns such as place names, personal names and titles of books have their first letter capitalized (e.g. 9, ffi (wo, ni, ta,/I, you, she) when it occurs in the subject position, if the context makes it clear who is being talked about. In the dialogue above, the pronoun jPj\ (ni) is omitted in the ques­ tion ' R i K ^ ' f ^ R ^ ? (Rènshí duo shao gè hànzì? How many characters do you recognize?). In other words, a Chinese sentence or question can start with a verb. See the second question in the follow­ ing exchange: A

M f ^ j g ^ S ? Ni shénme shíhòu qù Zhongguó? When are you going to China?

B Tl-ffl ° Xià gè xingqi. Next week.

A £#^? Qù duo jiu? How long are you going for? (lit. go for how long?)

B -yf&^

°

YT gè yuè zuoyòu. About a month. 1.4

Use of 1AiR (rènshi)

When this verb is followed by a person, it means ‘to know’; and when it is followed by an object, it means ‘to recognise’. For example:

mx^^rn ? Ni rènshi Wáng xiansheng ma? Do you know Mr Wang? Wo bú rènshi zhè zhong shuiguo. I don’t recognise this kind of fruit.

6

|

1.5

Unit 1: The Chinese language and China

Pattern ^ . . . ifc . . . (lián . . . ye . . . , ‘even’)

This is a very useful pattern which means ‘even’. 3$ (lián) is always placed before whatever you wish to emphasise and ifi, (ye) is placed before the verb. For example:

ffi3S±M£til^

°

Ta lián Shànghai huà ye huì shuo. He can even speak the Shanghai dialect. Please note that K|3 (dou) can be used instead of Hi (ye). If the verb is negated, the negation word ^ or S (bù or méi) is placed after tfl (ye) or KP (dou). For example:

{^^S^fP^UW ? Ni zenme lián zhè gè zì dou bú rènshi? How come you don’t even recognise this character?

1.6

Difference between j l ? ^ (duo shao) and j l (ji)

Although both of these question words mean they have different implications. When ^ty speaker anticipates a large number (normally and when j~L (ji) is used, the assumed number For example:

‘how many’ in English, (duo shao) is used, the above ten) in the reply, is usually less than ten.

Ni you duo shao ben Zhongwén shu? How many Chinese books have you got?

B *$£+# ° Dàgài èrshí ben. Approximately 20.

A {^rwamffi*? Ni you ji ge xiongdì jiemèi? How many brothers and sisters have you got? YT gè jiejie, Hang gè dìdi. One elder sister and two younger brothers. Please note that when followed by countable nouns, an appropri­ ate measure word must be used after j~L (ji), but it is optional after

Unit 1: Zhongwén yijí Zhongguó

|

7

i&;y (duo shao). For example, in the examples above, ^ (ben) can be omitted from ifr^M{J^^^jSC^ ? (Ni you duo shao ben Zhongwén shu?), but *t~ (gè) cannot be omitted from fj\W'f"5i! 1 i^ i3Mi (Ni you ji gè xiongdì jiemèi?). Please also note that ^ty (duo shao) can also mean ‘how much’ when followed by uncountable nouns. For example:

Ni dài le duo shao qián? How much money have you got?

Culture note Modesty Modesty is regarded as a virtue in Chinese culture, and it is reflected in every aspect of everyday life. For example, when someone pays you a compliment, you are not supposed to accept it. Instead, depending on what the compliment is, you always try to deny it. For instance, if someone praises your cooking by saying 'i&Wifi.M'!ff& (NTzuò de fàn zhen haochT, Your food is really tasty), the most common reply would be ‘^FJf, ^ J f ’ (Bù hao, bù hao) or ‘IPM, IPM’ (NalT, nail), mean­ ing ‘not at all’. However, due to Western influence, young people these days are starting to accept the compliment by saying ‘i&fi&T (xièxie, thank you).

Exercises Useful words for the following exercises

fe» ffi% Vftjl &&

Si

diànyvng jitndon tqnglì zwngshì zhìliàng

film, picture simple listening ability always quality

8

|

Unit 1: The Chinese language and China

Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps using appropriate words from the vocabulary list for Dialogue 1 above:

a

ffi»Jpit^H#

°

Tade nii péngyou huì shuo san zhong

b mmm-t^ •

.

ww& °

W6 kàn guò nà ge diànying,

c m^^.^>

bú tài xihuan.

foi&tu^-

?

Zhème jiandan de zì, ni zenme bù_

d

ffin/f^®

, &&&

c

Zài tlnglì fangmiàn, wo zongshì e f

?

S^llfHiT Wo zài Zhongguó zhù le

.

A^

SMJ^IEz —'W Zhè liang jiàn ylfú______ bù hao.

ba nián. ' {M.^Mffi]JS.M.^fttF ° ylyàng guì, dànshì heide zhìliàng

Exercise 2 Translate into Chinese: a b c d

Your four tones are quite good. When he speaks putonghua, he has a Shanghai accent. I lived in Britain for a year, but I can’t even speak one sentence of English. She is extraordinary. She can even speak Cantonese.

Exercise 3 Ask questions using ^ty answers: a

(duo shao) or j~L (ji) based on the following

SlS5>tA° Wo jia you wu ge rén.

b ®fnw+A^tA° Women ban you shíliù ge rén.

Unit 1: Zhdngwén yhjí Zhdngguó

c

|

9


 !"#$% Ta huì shud san zhing wàiyj.

Exercise 4

(Audio 1:2)

What do you say in the following situations? a

You want to find out if the person you speak to can speak English. You ask . . . b You wish to find out how long the person you speak to has been learning Chinese. You ask . . . c When someone pays you a compliment, saying that you speak very good Chinese. You reply . . .

Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:3)


 !"#$ Ww duì Zhrngguó de yìnxiàng My impressions of China Jane has been to China recently and her Chinese friend Zhang Xin is chatting to her about her trip . . . ZHANG XIN JANE ZHANG XIN JANE ZHANG XIN JANE

ZHANG XIN JANE ZHANG XIN JANE ZHANG XIN


 !"#$%&'()*+,-&
 !"##$%&'()*+,'
 !"#$%&'()*++,(
 !"#$%&'()*+"
 !"#$
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123)45
 !"#$%&'()*+, -./01
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012
 !"#$%&'(
 !"#$%&'()*+",-.'/012
 !"#$%&
 !"# $%&'()"
*+,
 !"#$%&'()*+,&-.#/0122


 !"#

10

|

Unit 1: The Chinese language and China

The Three Gorges Photographer: René Frank

Unit 1: Zhongwén yijí Zhongguó

I

11

Dialogue 2 in pinyin ♦ ZHANG XIN JANE

NT bú shì qù Zhongguó le ma? Shénme shíhòu huí lái de? Shì a! Qù le zhengzheng yT gè yuè. Zuótian huílái de.

ZHANG XIN

NT duì Zhongguó de yìnxiàng zenme yàng? You kòng liáoliáo ma? Dangrán you kòng. Zongde láishuo, yìnxiàng hen hao. NT néng bù néng jùtf dian? Beijing, Shànghai, zhèxie dà chéngshì bT wo xiangxiàng de xiàndàihuà de duo. Gei wo yìnxiàng zuì shen de shì

JANE ZHANG XIN JANE

ZHANG XIN JANE ZHANG XIN

nàxie míng-shèng-gu-jT. bTrú Beijing de Gùgong, Xl’an de Bei Lín deng. Zài jiù shì Zhongguó fàncài - pTnzhong duo yàng, wèidào xianmei! NT hái qù le qíta shénme dìfang? Chabuduo ql, ba gè chéngshì. BTrú Qlngdao, Chéngdu deng. Wo hái yóu le Sanxiá. Zhen shì mei jí le! NT shuo de dou shì hao de fangmiàn, you shénme shì nT

JANE

bù xThuan de? Jiaotong tài yongjT. tèbié shì Beijing; hái you jiù shì zàoyln, dàochù dou chao-chao-nào-nào.

ZHANG XIN

WO wánquán tóngyì.

Vocabulary ♦

tm

iiii

&®m% ftft

tm

mfti

«ffia s^g m* WWL n a nf*

%M *« i¥*

yìnxiàng liáoliao zwngde láishur jùtv ditn(r) xitngxiàng xiàndàihuà míng-shèng-gx-jq Gù G r n g Bpi Lín zài jiù shl pvnzhwng d u r yàng wèidào xionmui

impression to chat generally speaking a bit detailed to imagine modernised places of historical interest Forbidden City (Palace Museum) Forest of Tablets another thing is goods; items various kinds flavour tasty, delicious

12

|

Unit 1: The Chinese language and China

i@ jtfp

m =m TJW

5M

mw mi

awt* HW 8Jft

Willi £:£ ES

Qingdao Chéngds yóu Son Xiá fongmiàn jiaotong ywngjv tèbié hái you jiù shì zàoyqn dàochù chto-chto-nào-nào wánquán tóngyì

(city name) (city name) to tour around The Three Gorges aspect transport crowded, be crowded especially another thing is . . . noise, undesired sound everywhere noisy; be noisy completely to agree

Language points 4 1.7

Expressions of summary

There are many expressions used to summarise. The common ones are: ^ffjzi^ (zong de lái shuo), generally speaking ^ W / S l (zong ér yán zhi), in summary/in short I&KL (zong zhi), in summary/in short fi|frfffi5l (jian ér yán zhi), in short 1.8

Use of ^ i l (bú shì) in yes-no questions

Let us start by comparing the following two sentences:

a

#^S7^? Ni qù Zhongguó le ma? Did you go to China? Ni bú shì qù Zhongguó le ma? Isn’t it the case that you went to China?

The speaker of sentence a has no idea if the listener went to China or not. It is just a general yes-no question. Whereas the speaker of

Unit 1: Zhdngwén yhjí Zhdngguó

I

13

sentence b thinks that the listener has gone to China. The implied meaning is ‘I thought you went to China. How come you are here?’ So there is an element of surprise. Let us look at some other examples:

im^mmmmm ? Ni bú shì xihuan chl xican ma? Don’t you like Western food? (possible implication: I thought you liked Western-style food. Why haven’t you eaten much today?)

1.9

Use of &5 (de) to indicate the past

When an event took place in the past, jH (shì) may be used in con­ junction with ff] (de) to emphasise the adverbials or other modifying elements. jH (shì) is always placed before the element being emphasised and tf] (de) comes at the end of the sentence. For example:

A fo&t&nwz^^Mm? Ni shì shénme shíhòu dàxué bìyè de? When did you graduate from the university?

B g—^AAWM ° Shì yijiubaba nián bìyè de. (I) graduated in 1988. However, in spoken language, jH (shì) is often omitted. For example:

Wo zài Zhongguó Dà Fàndiàn jiàndào ta de. I at China Hotel meet him [particle] I saw him at the China Hotel.

lit.

1.10

Comparison

You may be familiar with patterns such as ‘A + i t (bi) + B + adjective’ or ‘A + i t (bi) + B + adjective + specific’. For example:

Wáng Lín bi Li Yong gao. Wang Lin is taller than Li Yong. Wáng Lín bi Li Yong gao san gongfen. Wang Lin is three centimetres taller than Li Yong.

14

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Unit 1: The Chinese language and China

However, if you simply do not know exactly how much taller Wang Lin is compared to Li Yong, but you know that he is much taller, then use the pattern ‘A i t B + adjective + flf ^ (deduo)’. For example:

Wáng Lín bi Li Yong gao deduo. Wang Lin is much taller than Li Yong. In Dialogue 2, the sentence d k « ±mm»XmWttWMMmMXit %-i& (Beijing, Shànghai zhèxie dà chéngshì bi wo xiangxiàng de xiàndàihuà deduo) can be translated as ‘Big cities such as Beijing and Shanghai are much more modernised than I had imagined.’

1.11

Use of &5 (de) to introduce a noun clause

In English, noun clauses are introduced by ‘what’ (e.g. What you’ve imagined . . . /what you liked . . . ). In Chinese, when ff] (de) follows a verb or verbal phrase, it signals a noun clause. It can function as subject. For example:

m&m^ff^u... lit.

lit.

1.12

Ni shuo de dou shì hao de fangmiàn [verb] you’ve just said [de] all were good aspects,.. . What you’ve just said were all positive aspects of t h i n g s , . . . Gei wo yìnxiàng zuì shen de shì ta rúci zìxìn. [verbal phrase] give me impression most deep [de] is she so be confident. What impressed me most was that she was so confident.

Difference between

'A^

(yi ge yuè) and

~H (yi yuè)

You will by now know that the measure word ge is used in between a number and a noun. So —"t" (yi ge yuè) means ‘one month’, and H't" (san ge yuè) means ‘three months’. Whereas —'^ (yiyuè) ^ — ^ (èyuè) "■ zr. (sanyuè), etc., are names for the months, i.e. January, February, March, etc.

1.13

Use of emphatic Hf> (dou)

You may have noticed that K|3 (dou) is often used in conjunction with expressions such as P/TW (suoyoude, all), ^ (mei, every),

Unit 1: Zhongwén yijí Zhongguó

|

15

SJ£h (dàochù, everywhere). And it is always placed before the verb or the modal verb. For example:

Suoyoude rén dou xihuan ta. All the people like her.

fmmmmmm:fm^A

°

Dàochù dou néng kàndao qí zìxíngche de rén. You can see cyclists everywhere.

Exercises Useful words for doing the following exercises

tsti £§f§M

mm ±TJ

mi

%&

fàngutn l]l]de ctodì buifongde nóngcsn bìyè

restaurant green grass field northern countryside to graduate

Exercise 5 Fill in the gaps using appropriate words from the vocabulary list for Dialogue 2:

a nmmi±.mmm^i3Lji9< > *im%^^

°

W6 tèbié xiang zài nainai jia duo zhù ji tian, keshì wo bàba bù .

b s^Msis«is^iB

mm iftm^m °

Zhè gè xiao fànguan zuò de fàn búdàn ye bù guì.

c ®& mis^msh

xianmei, jiàqián

# # gft^wft^, -

Xiànzài, shangdiàn lI de shangpin you shénme.

d mm±w—t- g s n?^ • mm

duoyàng, yào shénme

?> -

Zhè tiáo jie shàng you yl gè zìyóu shìcháng, suoyi

chao.

16

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Unit 1: The Chinese language and China

e


 !"_________
 !"#$%&' Zài xuéxí Hànyj_________, Mflì yiu hgndud hfo zhjyì.

f


 !_________
 !"##$%&' Zài Ycngguó, _________ddu kgyh kàndào lnlnde cfodì.

Exercise 6 Decide if the measure word
(gè) is needed in the following sentences, and then translate them into English: a


 !"#______
 !"#$%&'() Wi qù le wj
liù______chéngshì, hái qù le bgifangde nóngcen.

b
 !"#______
 !" Ta dfsuàn jcn nián jij______yuè qù Zhdngguó. c


______
 !"#$ Wi xià______yuè jiù yào bìyè le.

d
 !"#$%&'______
 Qù nián wi zài Bgijcng zhù le liù______yuè.

Exercise 7 Translate into Chinese: a Generally speaking, my impression of China is very good. b This city is a lot more crowded than I had imagined. c I really like this small town. It’s beautiful and quiet. Another thing is that the local people are very friendly. d Can you be a bit more specific? e When did you come to Beijing?

Listening comprehension

(Audio 1:5)


 !"# Wèishénme xué Zhrngwén? Why learn Chinese? You will hear a dialogue between two Chinese people – Linfang and Xiaoyan. Try not to read the script. Bear the following questions

Unit 1: Zhongwén yijí Zhongguó

| 17

in mind whilst listening to the dialogue and try to answer them afterwards:

1

feftem^JCT!

2 S7^7#A^7? 3 s7A^ff^^^?

Shéi kaishi xué Zhongwén le? Zhè ge rén xué le duo jiu Zhongwén le? Zhè ge rén wèishénme xuéxí Zhongwén?

Key words ♦ You may find the following words useful in understanding the dialogue:

?F&

nm t

a*

M5z

5tm StI R

mm z-

&W.

koishv juéde cái

to start to feel, to think of only just

yqnwéi xiàtion fùmx nánguài zhv yuányqn zhi yT jiooliú

because summer parents no wonder only reason one of to communicate

18

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Unit 1: The Chinese language and China

Script in characters ♦ LINFANG XlAOYAN LINFANG XlAOYAN LlNFANG XlAOYAN LlNFANG XlAOYAN

/Mi mMmmmtLRte^m ° mum's, ? JiW BSttZ^T" M& ? mftim^m ? &W ra - AS^AMS* - ^ateft** ° Ml UR7S&& - fft3rft&SI£:t3S*£ ? BM in^-^a^sidb^jaw^fl:! *'g mmtikttm-^mm ° &R mm±- ° mmmmm^rnxxiM°

Script in pinyin ♦ LINFANG XIAOYAN LINFANG XIAOYAN LINFANG XIAOYAN LINFANG XIAOYAN

Xiaoyàn, tlngshuo nlde nán péngyou kaishlxué Zhongwén le. Shì zhende ma? Shì a! YTjTng kuài san gè yuè le. Zenme yàng? Ta juéde nán bù nán? Zongde láishuo, ta juéde hen nán, búguò ta hen xlhuan. NTmen rènshf le zhème jiu, ta wèishénme xiànzài cái xué Zhongwén? YTnwéi women jTnnián xiàtian yào qù Beijing jiàn wode fùmu! Nánguài! Ta xiang gei nl fùmu yT gè hao yìnxiàng Zhè zhl shì yuányTn zhT yT. Ta zhende xiang tóng Zhongguórén jiaoliú.

Unit 2: Zài Zhdngguó llxíng

|

19


 !" Zài Zhdngguó llxíng Travelling in China

2

In this unit you will learn about: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

asking for advice giving reasons for doing or not doing something expressions regarding means of transport apologising and returning a compliment describing a location giving directions end of sentence
(le)

Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:6)


 ! Zhxnbèi lzxíng Planning the trip Mary is learning Chinese at a university in Beijing. Li Liang is her Chinese friend and has done a lot of travelling within China, so Mary is asking for his advice . . . MARY LI LIANG MARY LI LIANG MARY LI LIANG


 !"#$%&'(
)&**+,
 !"#$%
 !"#$%&'()*+,-.#&
 !"#$%&!'()*+,-./001!


 !"#$%&'()*+,-#$%./0

!"
 !"#$%&'()*

(After they have sat down with their lunch . . . )

20

| Unit 2: Travelling in China

Li LIANG

•fftft - ffi*I*P/ltMrlT ? « # * £ * ? Hm^MltfjWfi] - &*ffi£ - Z * - T#l^ ° Sffi# ' fS?*#*5£HttB*5(& ' * * r # l °

MARY

^IT

Li LIANG

- ^ ^ s f & W f t * iMMS ' =Ji*HttJBl5fS«Pfi

MARY Li LIANG

Wil °*5(&£*$#i£^"fcm# ? ^ * $ ? - B3jS#f}?RrE**Sm&iiBflW5fe c

Li LIANG MARY

.

Unit 2: Zài Zhongguó luxíng

I

21

Dialogue 1 in pinyin ♦ MARY Li LIANG MARY Li LIANG MARY

NT shénme shfhòu you kdng? W o xiang qlng nl bang wo chuchu zhuyi. Shénme fangmiàn de zhuyi? Zài Zhongguó IGyóu fangmiàn de. TTngshuo nT wán le bù shao dìfang. Méi wèntf. Xiànzài jiù key!. Zánmen zhao gè dìfang zud xiàlai mànmàn shuo. Tài hao le! Ganghao kuài dào chT zhongfàn de shfjian le. Wo qlng nl chT zhongfàn, Zánmen yTbian chT yTbian liáo.

Li LIANG

NTde zhè ge jiànyl bàngjfle. Zou ba!

(After they have sat down with their lunch Li LIANG MARY Li LIANG

)

NT xian shuoshuo, nl xiang qù na jl ge chéngshì, zhunbèi qù duo jiu? WO you liang ge xTngqT de shfjian, xiang qù XT'an, San Xiá, Guangzhou deng. WO juéde nl zulhao qù wán San Xiá hòu qù Yúnnán, bú qù Guangzhou.

MARY

Wèishénme?

Li LIANG

YT shl yTnwéi Yúnnán you xuduo zlrán fengjlng, èr shl yTnwéi San Xiá hé Yúnnán dou zài Zhongguó de xTnán bù. Guangzhou nl key! xià cl qù Gullín de shfhòu zài qù. YOU dàolT. Qù Yúnnán zud huoche hao háishl feijT hao?

MARY Li LIANG

Zud huoche hao, yTnwéi zhè yàng nl key! kàndào van tú meill de jTngsè.

Vocabulary ♦ ffi

bang

to help

t±i tU

chuchu

to give; to come up with

£1

zhxyi

advice; idea

Ik -&...-&...

wán

to tour

yTbian.. . y i b i a n . . .

(to be doing something) while (doing something else)

mix

#U

jiànyì

suggestion

bàngjíle

super

22

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Unit 2: Travelling in China

zhxnbèi dung Yúnnán zìrán xqnán bù ywu dàolv

«&

m

si

nm

m^

war ftm

yán tú muilì jvngsè

mm «fe

to be planning etc. (a province in China) natural southwest part you have a point there; it makes sense on its way; throughout the journey beautiful scenery

Language points ♦ 2.1

Use of 3?n (wán)

The basic meaning of 3?C (wán) is ‘to play’ and ‘to enjoy oneself. This verb is used very often in colloquial expressions. For example,

lit.

You kòng dào women jia lái wán(r). have time come to our home play Please come to our house when you have time.

umx Haohao wán(r). Have a good time. The sentence in the above dialogue ^\^0^T^f/y^iJ3 (tlngshuo ni wán le bù shao dìfang) can be translated as ‘I hear that you’ve travelled a lot’ or ‘I hear that you’ve been to many places.’ Please note that 3?C (wán) is often pronounced with the retroflex ‘r’ in northern China. 2.2

Pattern '\h3\ • • • W H ^ T (kuài dào . . . de shíjian le)

This phrase means ‘it is nearly (the) time for . . .’ or ‘it is nearly . . . time’. There are two points to be noted here. First, a verbal phrase is put before ff] (de) to modify frtfil (shíjian, time). For example:

lit.

ftSms/E^/ngiS/ffi^W(SIT ° Kuài dào shàng kè/shuìjiào/chlfàn/chu fa de shíjian le. soon reach going to class/going to bed/eating/setting off time It is nearly time for class/bed/meal/setting off.

Unit 2: Zài Zhdngguó llxíng

I

23

Second, putting ~J (le) at the end of the sentence (known as ‘end-of sentence le’) indicates an updating or changing of the situation and influences the meaning of a sentence as a whole. One of the functions of the sentence particle 7 (le) is to suggest that circumstances have reached a particular point, as in the above sentence. See Language points 6.7 in Unit 6 and 10.2 in Unit 10 for more discussions of it. 2.3

Use of

—

i & . . . — i & . . . (yibian . . . yibian . . . , ‘while’)

Use this structure to describe two actions that are taking place at the same time. Put the verb straight after —"32 (yibian). For example:

W6 xihuan yibian kàn diànshì yibian chifàn. I like watching TV whilst eating. 2.4

Giving reasons

To answer the question introduced by ^\~\ (wèishénme, why), H/^J (yinwéi, because) is often used to start the answer. If two or more points need to be given, you can list them as in Dialogue 1 above:

Ht;ftSSW¥F# g^JxlS ' - J i ^ . . . yi shì yinwéi Yúnnán you xuduo zìrán fengjing, èr shì yinwéi... First, it’s because Yunnan has a lot of natural scenery, and second it’s because . . .

2.5 Use of W (zài, ‘then’) In | ? M (zàijiàn, good-bye), or Tit-H-—'jit (qing zài shuo yi biàn, please say it again), Pf (zài) means ‘again’. In the above dialogue, it means ‘then’, and it is used to indicate that one action takes place after another. For example:

Guangzhou ni key! xià cì qù Guìlín shí zài qù. As for Guangzhou, next time when you go to Guilin, you can go there then. Please note that J^'j'H (Guangzhou) is the object of the second ^ (qù). By bringing it to the beginning of the sentence, it puts emphasis on it. It becomes the topic of the sentence. We shall look at the topical structure in detail in Unit 7.

24

2.6

|

Unit 2: Travelling in China

Means of transport

Here are the words often used: *$ isfll IS $ ■ K ^

•kW Siiffl;

! !

huwchp fpijq chuán chp chángtúchp grnggòng qìchp chszs qìchp

train aeroplane ship; boat car coach (lit. long-distance bus) bus (lit. public bus) taxi

When travelling by train, aeroplane, sea, or any of the above means of transport, always use ^ (zuò, lit. to sit) or ift (chéng, to take) + means of transport. fft (chéng) is more formal than ^ (zuò).

2.7 Use of ill (qing) Tit (qing) can mean ‘please’ when placed before the verb, or ‘to invite, to treat’ when it is placed before a personal pronoun. For example:

Qing zuò. Please sit down.

mm^^ik ° Wo qing ni chl zhongfàn. I’ll buy you/treat you to lunch. However, the following sentence can take on both meanings:

i ii

Qing ni bang wo chuchu zhuyi. Please help me come up with some ideas. (I) invite you to help me come up with some ideas.

2.8 Use of ye (wán) Place ye (wán) after the verb to indicate the finishing of an action. For example:

fa Mft

lit.

* % H« Js * S P S ... Ni zuìhao qù wán San Xiá hòu qù Yunnan. you better off go [finish] San Xia after go Yunnan You’re better off going to Yunnan after touring the Three Gorges.

Unit 2: Zài Zhongguó luxíng

2.9

|

25

Use of #f (hao) at the end of a sentence

When $? (hao) is placed at the end of a sentence (in both statement and question), it means ‘better’. For example: Wo rènwéi zhè jiàn ylfú hao. I think this piece of clothing is better. Ni juéde Shànghai hao háishì Beijing hao? Which do you think is better - Shanghai or Beijing?

Exercises Useful words for doing the following exercises ;1PE

W3z %- m^mmn

v

±a

W6 zhunbèi míng nián xiàtian qù Zhongguó liiyóu, ni néng bù néng bang wo zhuyi?

b

flMliflPBJl.

u&M

Tamen zài jiuba lI

c mmft^T

- m^m

W9
wt^#

sfe

Ylngguó de xiangcun hen mei, you xuduo Zhè shì yi liè màn che,

wo xiu yi xiu? jlngsè.

yào tíng henduo zhàn.

26

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Unit 2: Travelling in China

Exercise 2 Complete the following sentences using the word/phrase provided in brackets and then translate the completed sentences into English: a

____________________
 !"#$%&= E
 K K K
 !F ___________________, Xifo Wáng zgnme hái méi lái? (kuài dào . . . de shíjian le)

b
 !"#$%&'___________________
=E
 ! K K K I=

K K K KF Wi bù tài xhhuan zhè ge diànyhng, ___________________. (yc shì ycnwéi . . . , èr shì ycnwé . . . ) c


 ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , , - . ' / 0 ________ ___________
E
F Shànghfirén xhhuan fàn hòu hb tang, ér Gufngddngrén què qiàqià xiangffn, tamen___________________. (zài)

Exercise 3 Translate the following sentences into Chinese: a Lao Wang, I’d like to invite you to dinner this Sunday. b The scenery on the journey to Yunnan was superb. I’m so pleased that I went there by train. c What he said just now makes sense. d Enjoy your holiday. e It’s nearly time for supper. We must hurry up.

Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:8)


 Shàng chéng qiáng Visiting the city wall Mark is in Xi’an, travelling on his own. He is planning to visit the city wall, but is not sure where the entrance is. He asks a young Chinese man, Wang Meng, for help . . .

Unit 2: Zài Zhdngguó llxíng

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27

Terracotta warriors www.istock.com

WANG MENG

j t f ^ , $ & # 3 > 4 £ $ ° £HJiMPJL±*n5 ? E W E S ' S * ^ ± ; f £ ° S-tfeJi^JfeA ' PM-t&S

MARK

±$?

MARK

' &W

c

(a few minutes later. .. ) WANG MENG

*TRff

M 7 ' K S J L ^ j f f i W f S n W ^ A P A h ° IHtUGD

MARK

^ ^ i X ?

WANG MENG

^==u7TfT

c

(after having visited the wall...

)

MARK

£ ^ # ' 84^5c#fl3$K ° S-tfe ° # t f j H i £ & £ $ ? ' W f i 5 t * ^ IS WXft-tfeW=fRSg ft] 7 1 ' Jti±««UI ° £ i H £ ° S H B ^ i & * £ 3 f f i ° «?*i3t^^ffiB3?

WANG MENG

^/.^iyilyb

MARK

P l f f l ^ * - #05 ? sl'X#T

MARK WANG MENG

WANG MENG

c

28

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Unit 2: Travelling in China

Dialogue 2 in pinyin MARK

DuìbùqT, wo xiang canguan chéng qiáng. NT zhTdào cóng nar shàngqu ma?

WANG MENG

Zhen bù haoyìsi, wo ye bù tài qTngchu. W o ye shì

wàidìrén, ganghao ye xiang dào chéng qiáng shàng zouzou. Zhè yàng ba, wo qù dating yTxià, ránhòu zánmen key! yTql qù. MARK

Tài hao le, duo xiè.

(a few minutes later WANG MENG

MARK WANG MENG

)

Dating qTngchu le, ií zhèr bù yuan de nán mén you gè rùkouchù. Women shùnzhe zhè tiáo jie yTzhí zou dào dT. jiù key! kànjiàn dàmén le. Yào zou duo jiu? Dàyue shí fenzhong.

(after having visited the wall . MARK WANG MENG

)

DuokuT le nl, wo jTntian wán de gaoxìng jí le. Wo ye shì. NTde Hànyu zhème hao, érqie duì Zhongguó de wénhuà ye you hen shen de liaojie, zhen ràng wo pèifú.

MARK WANG MENG MARK WANG MENG

Duo xiè kuajiang. Wo míngtian zhunbèi qù BTngmayong. NT qù guò BTngmayong ma? Hái méi qù guò ne. Zánmen yTqT qù, hao ma? Nà tài bàng le!

Vocabulary ♦ #J9S

conguon

to visit

mm

chéng qiáng

city wall

shàngqu

to go up

!

bú htoyìsi

I am sorry; I’m a bit embarrassed

!

bú tài qqngchu

I’m not sure

wàidlrén

stranger, outsider

zhè yàng ba

I’ll tell you what

dttqng

to find out

±4

*m *±

ftMJ iS#

im

Unit 2: Zài Zhongguó luxíng

ránhòu lí . . . bù y u t n rùkwuchù shùnzhe tiáo

mB

&...*& AP

mD

&

jip zwu dào dv duo kui le érqiu litojiu pèifu

m

^i'JJ %^

ram 7ft

mm *^

kuajiang BTngmayong

£B|f

|

29

then to be not far from . . . entrance along (measure word for winding and slender objects such as street, river) avenue to walk to the very end thanks to . . . ; because of . . . furthermore understanding to admire, admiration praise, compliment Terracotta warriors and horses

Language points ♦ 2.10

T o apologise or to return a compliment

^ F ^ f n S (bù haoyìsT) is a colloquial expression and is often used in situations where you wish to apologise, or to return a compliment. For example (to apologise):

A />i mmm-Tfofo&ftiF-m ? Xiao Wáng, wo néng jiè ylxià nide zìxíngche ma? Xiao Wang, could I borrow your bike please? Zhen bù haoyìsT, wode zìxíngche huài le. Really sorry, my bike has broken down. (to return a compliment):

A ±^. fotft^ximnn ° Dàwèi, nide Zhongwén shuo de zhen bàng. David, you speak such good Chinese.

B W S

° if if ^ H °

Bù haoyìsT. Xièxie kuajiang. Not at all. Thank you for your compliment.

30

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2.11

Unit 2: Travelling in China

Describing a location

To describe the distance of one place in relation to another, the following structure is often used: ‘somewhere + SSj (Ií) + somewhere + adjective’. For example:

Túshuguan Ií Zhongwén xì hen jìn. library from Chinese Department very close The library is quite close to the Chinese Department.

lit.

Please note that adverbs such as tS (hen, very), ItMl (bijiào, rather) must be used before the adjective. 2.12

Giving directions

This pattern is often used in giving directions: ‘MD (shùnzhe, along/ down) + somewhere + verbal phrase’. The prepositional phrase M D . . . (shùnzhe, along) must be placed before the verbal phrase. For example:

mD

su

—a it>

Jg- mm

Shùnzhe zhè tiáo lù ylzhí zou, dì yl gè hóngliideng lit. along this road straightwalk, the first traffic light

a

£ m°

wang zuo guai. lit. toward left turn Walk straight down this road, turn left at the first traffic light. 2.13 Pattern: ‘somebody + X\f (duì) + something + ^ + noun phrase’

(you)

This pattern is used when somebody has an understanding/interest about something. For example:

lit.

W6 duì Zhongguó you ylxie liaojie. I about China have some understanding I have some understanding about China.

lit.

Ta duì gudian ylnyuè méi you xìngqù. he about classical music not have interest He is not interested in classical music.

Unit 2: Zài Zhongguó luxíng

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31

2.14 Use of ‘jtih (zhpn ràng) + somebody + adjective’ It is a very useful pattern, which means ‘It really makes one . . .’. For example:

Zhpn ràng ww tóuténg. It really gives me a headache. The indefinite pronoun A (rén, someone) can be used here as well. For example:

MitMW ° Zhpn ràng rén xiànmù. It’s really admirable. Please note that ih (ràng) can be replaced by ^ is more formal in style.

(lìng) but the latter

Culture note Terracotta warriors and horses China’s first emperor Qin Shihuang (259-210 BC) was buried 35 km from Xi’an. Buried with him were thousands of life-sized clay figures of warriors and horses. They were discovered acci­ dentally in 1974 by some peasants sinking a well. After years of excavation by archaeologists, the vast Museum of Emperor Qin Shihu Huang’s Terracotta Warriors and Horses ( i i J & ^ ^ f i i , Qfn Shihuáng Bingmayong) which nonetheless covers only a third of the site, was opened to the general public in 1979.

Exercises Useful words for exercises Ijfl W&J

huà zhan bangzhù

art exhibition help

32

|

$w £

if ilk ffiii S t. #{g

s

^B

Unit 2: Travelling in China

ànshí jiao zuòyè jipdào kuan zhí shxjià duan huìhuà

on time to hand in homework, assignment street wide straight summer vacation short painting

Exercise 4 Complete the following sentences using appropriate words or phrases in the vocabulary list for Dialogue 2:

T ^ H S -

a 9^ Zuótian wo

b

le Zhongguó huà zhan.

imm> mm^mmiiti^T ° nide bangzhù, wo míngtian key! ànshí jiao zuòyè le. Ta ye bù zhldào huoche zhàn zài nar, ylnwéi ta ye shi

d mi-mmmm.u%>

.

m&M °

Zhè ge chéngshì de jiedào hen kuan,

ye hen zhí.

Zhang laoshl jlngcháng hé xuésheng liáotian, ta duì mei ge xuésheng de qíngkuàng dou shífen .

Exercise 5 Fill in the gaps using ff] (de) or flf (DE), then translate the completed sentences into English (to distinguish between the two de’s in pinyin, use capital letters for the second one):

a

ffis Zài XI'an

w%> nmw gfi 1 ^ chéng qiáng shàng, key! qí zìxíngche.

Unit 2: Zài Zhdngguó llxíng

|

33

b
 !________
 Ta shud Zhdngwén shud________hgn hfo. c


 !"________
 Zhè tàng huichb kai________hgn màn.

d
 !"#$________
 !" Yúnnán yiu xjdud mgilì________zìrán fbngjhng. e


 !"#$%&________
 ! Ta shjjià qù le Sanxiá, wán________hfojíle.

Exercise 6 Complete the following sentences using the phrase provided in brackets: a


 !"#$%&'( !)#*+,____________E

K K K F
Ta zài zhème dufn de shíjian xué huì le zhème dud de hànzì, ____ ________(zhbn ràng rén . . . ).

b
____________E
K K K F
 !"#$%&'()*+,-. Yóujú____________(lí . . . ), cóng wimen jia ziulù dào yóujú zhh xeyào wj fbnzhdng. c


 !"#$%&'____________E
K K K
K K K F
Wi bù zgnme xhhuan huìhuà, dàn____________(duì . . . yiu K K K ).

Exercise 7

(Audio 1:9)

What do you say in the following situations? a

A Chinese person has just praised you, saying that you write Chinese characters very well. What do you say? b A friend of yours would like to borrow some money from you, but unfortunately you haven’t got any with you. What do you say? c You try to find out if someone would like to visit the city wall with you.

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Unit 2: Travelling in China

Reading comprehension

(Audio 1:10)


 ! Y q pion rìjì A diary Bear the following questions in mind whilst reading the diary below. The diary is kept by Yingli (
, Ycnglì), an American Chinese who is visiting China for the first time. Answer the questions in Chinese after you have read the diary: 1
 !!"#$ Ycnglì xiànzài zài nfr? 2
 !"#$ Ta zgnme qù Chóngqìng? 3
 !"#$% Xc’an cóngqián jiào shénme? 4
 !" #$%&'()*+, Xc’an yiu shénme yiuyìsc de dìfang kgyh canguan? 5
 !"#$

Chéng qiáng yiu jh gè rùkiuchù?

Key words ♦ The following words may help you to understand the diary better:








 !


 !

Chóngqìng pion rìjì gxlto de yuán míng Cháng’on zhùmíng guqmó bù gtn xiongxìn zhtnchs shàng qion gè miànbù bitoqíng

(a city in China) (measure word) diary ancient original name (place name) (lit. forever peace) well known; famous scale unbelievable to be on display over a thousand facial expression

Unit 2: Zài Zhongguó luxíng

s§*h

WMfti? *'0 #« ffia 2&A.

lìngwài zhung-zhung-qí-qí zhongxin Z h r n g Lóu btoliú yóurén

Diary in characters 2006, 6, 18

Hit 55

besides orderly centre Bell Tower to preserve tourist

|

35

36

|

Unit 2: Travelling in China

Diary in pinyin 2006, 6, 18 Qíng tian Wo xiànzài zhèngzài Xl'an huoche zhàn deng che qù Chóngqìng, chou kòng xie pian rìjì. Wo zhè ji tian zài Xl’an wán de hen kaixln. Zhè shì yl gè gulao de chéngshì, yuán míng jiào Cháng’an. Xl'an de míng-shèng-gu-jT hen duo. Jmtian shàngwu wo qù le zhùmíng de Blngmayong, guimó nàme dà, zhen ràng rén bù gan xiangxìn. Zhanchu de bmg hé ma you shàng qian gè, ke mei gè shìbTng de miànbù biaoqíng dou bù yTyàng. Lìngwài, zhè ge chéngshì kànshàngqu zheng-zheng-qí-qí, yl shì ylnwéi quán chéng de zhongxin shì Zhong Lóu, sì miàn you dong, nán, xl, bei sì tiáo dàjie, èr shì ylnwéi zhuyào jiedào dou hen zhí. Xl'an hái baoliú le gu chéng qiáng, chéng qiáng you sì ge rùkouchù: dong mén, nán mén, xl mén hé bei mén. Yóurén key! dào chéng qiáng shàng canguan, hái key! zài shàng miàn qí zìxíngche ne!

Unit 3: Jiànkang

|

37


 Jiànkang Health

3

In this unit, you will learn about: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

some medical-related terms how to explain some health problems some sport-related terms using
 (shénme) in negative sentences using (dé) as a verb difference between
 (bìngqiu) and
(hé) noun clause signalled by
(de)

Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:11)


 Kàn yqshpng Seeing the doctor Jane is teaching English in a northern city in China. She is not feeling very well today, so she has come to a health centre to see a doctor. DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR












!"# !"# !"#$ !"#$ %&'()*+% !"#$% ! ! !"# !"#

%$(having checked the thermometer)

38

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Unit 3: Health

At the health centre Photographer: Zhang Ping

DOCTOR

to^r ° =+Ams. °

JANE

mmii&m ?

DOCTOR

£ & ° * £ K ° « £ f W - * i S # g & ° f f t e A i J * ^ Mitmtff

, you shíhòu shuì de zao, you shíhòu

° M\\

?

Nín zhème dà niánjì le, shenti hái zhème hao. You shénme ?

50

c

|

Unit 3: Health


 !"________
 !"#
#
$%& Wáng lfoshc jcntian________bú tài hfo. Ta shì bú shì bù shefu?

d
 !
""________
 !" Wi yìnggai xiàng wi mèimei________, zfo shuì zfo qh. e


 !"#$%&'()*+________
 Wi bàba mgi tian zfoshàng liù difn qhchuáng, qù gdngyuán ________shbnth.

Exercise 6 There is one word in each of the following columns which does not belong to the same category. Find it: A





zhrng yào bìngjià tiáo tuì shoo yào zhrng chéng yào

B





tóu téng swngzi téng dàifu fo shoo

C





cháng pto yóuywng tóuysn tàijí quán

Exercise 7 Translate the following into Chinese: a b c d

You should eat more vegetables, and also start doing exercises. He follows a routine in his life, and also exercises every morning. What he told you is not true. Starting from tomorrow, I’m going to get up early.

Listening comprehension

(Audio 1:14)


 ! Duànliàn shpntv Doing exercises Listen to the following passage. Try not to read the script. Bear the following questions in mind whilst listening to the passage and try to answer them afterwards:

Unit 3: Jiànkang

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51

Doing morning exercises 1 2

i#.iSA4"^$AT? ^^MWM^W ?

Shuohuàrén jTnnián duo dà le? Tade shenti zenme yàng?

3 4

tfOMt-feMTi ? ffi#^-?-±-ife-^-@:T:'(t^.?

5

4MH

Ta you shénme mlfang? Ta meitian zaoshang qù gongyuán gàn shénme? Gongyuán IT, qfta rén zài zuò shénme?

' KffiA-S'K'lt^.?

Key words ♦ You may find the following words useful to understand the passage better: i&iSA

shuohuàrén

the speaker

*&fif

rènao

£■.. MffHT

z à i . . . de bànzòu xià

5-tiSI jfift ^ . . . 5Ki#

tiàowu tuìxiu ná . . . lái shuo

lively; bustling with noise and excitement to be accompanied by (musical nstrument) to dance retired to take . . . as example

52

|

fitH

Unit 3: Health

%i¥

jiànmui coo sunzi ltobàn

Wi%

sànbù

1>\\T

keep-fit exercises grandson spouse (used among elderly people) to stroll

Script in characters ♦

^A

E^MiM ' ^¥BSA+A^7 > nJM^M

Script in pinyin ♦ Zài Zhongguó, ni yìnggai zaoshang qù gongyuán kànkan, nàr tèbié rènao. You da tàijíquán de, you zuò jiànmei cao de, ye you zài ylnyuè de bànzòu xià tiàowu de. NT rúguo you xìngqù de huà, ye key! gen zhe ylqi xué. Dàduoshù zài gongyuán yùndòng de rén shì tuìxiu de lao rén. Jiù ná wo lái shuo ba, jlnnián yijlng liùshí ba suì le, ke wo hen shao ganmào shengbìng. NT kàn wode qìsè bú cuò ba. Nà shì ylnwéi wo meitian zaoshang dou qù gongyuán duànliàn shenti. Youshíhòu wo da tàijíquán, youshíhòu wo tiào jiànmeicao. Rúguo wo sunzi hé wo ylqi qù gongyuán, women hái dada yumáoqiú. Lìngwài, mei tian chl wán wanfàn hòu, wo hé laobàn chángcháng ylqi chuqu sànbù.

Unit 4: Jùhuì hé yhnshí

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53


 !" Jùhuì hé yhnshí Get-togethers and food

4

In this unit, you will learn about: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗


(qu) as a direction indicator
 (shénme) as an indefinite pronoun
(bt) sentence words indicating procedures and sequences some very useful expressions such as
 !"#$%& ( . . . ywu shénme bùtóng de dìfong);
K K K
 (yv . . . wéi zhx); etc.

Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:15)


 Jùhuì Get-togethers Jane is working in Beijing, and she wants to invite Lili and some other Chinese friends around for a meal . . . JANE LILI JANE LILI JANE LILI JANE LILI JANE LILI



 !"#$%&'!()*+,-./*01
 !"# $
 !"#$%
 !"#
 !"#$%&'()*+,!
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456
%3
 !"#$%&'(
 !"#$%
 !"#$%&'()$*+$,-./0
 !"#$
 ! " #"$%&'(

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| Unit 4: Get-togethers and food

Get-together Photographer: Kan Jia

JANE LILI JANE LILI JANE LILI JANE

& S f P W

mt

cài yóu d t suì jioditnr jìzhù dào chaoguo shoowéi róngyì shìshi

| 69

cooking oil to beat it up; to whisk it to a d d a little to remember to pour wok a little easy to give it a try; to have a go

Script in characters ♦ WANG LI

MW SftSW&lfcgftMSi ° # £ « P 5 ?

LIPING

# -

£ M ^ °

WANG LI

ff£f-&#W ?

LIPING

§ij*t£ - $ g f t & SfflmWEgfcia* - # - # # £ : & ' ftBfflS'Jt£#iJ& 4 - WZ#$B ' m-j5ULffi5BiE#» - fiSttSAT ' fljf±fc#g

°

^Hm±mmtit°

Script in pinyin ♦

LIPING

Lìpíng, wo tèbié xThuan chT dàn chao fàn. NT huì zuò ma? Huì, feicháng jiandan. Xuyào shénme zuòliào? Shèng mTfàn, jTdàn hé cong.

WANG LI LIPING

Tiáoliào ne? Cài yóu, yán hé wu xiangfen.

WANG LI

LIPING WANG LI

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Unit 4: Get-togethers and food

WANG LI

Zhèxie wo dou you.

LIPING

Tài hao le. Zhunbèi gongzuò zhl xuyào zuò liang jiàn shì. DI yT, ba jTdàn da sul, jia dianr yán yTql da. Dì èr, ba cong qie sul.

WANG LI

WO jlzhù le. Ránhòu ne?

LIPING

Dào yTxie cài yóu zài chaoguo IT. Deng yóu rè le hòu, xian ba cong dào jlnqu, chao jl xià, zài ba dasul de jTdàn dào jlnqu chao yT fen zhong zuoyòu, zulhòu ba shèng fàn dào jlnqu, chao liang san fenzhong hòu, jia yTdianr yán hé wu xiangfen, shaowéi zài chao jT xià jiù keyT chT le.

WANG LI

TTng shàngqu hen róngyl, jTntian wanshang wo jiù shlshi.

Unit 5: Guò nián

5

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71


 Guò nián Celebrate Chinese New Year

In this unit, you will learn about: ◗ useful expressions about Chinese New Year ◗ using
(cái) and
(jiù) ◗ plural
(men)

Text 1

(Audio 1:20)


 ! Zunme guò nián How to celebrate Chinese New Year
 !"#$%&'()*!+,-$.-$,/0!12.
 !"#$%=‘
’
 !"#$%&=‘
 !’

 !"#$%&'()%*+,-."/012345
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012%345678
 !"#$%=E
=‘
 ’)
 !"#$%&'()*

 !"#$%&'( !)*!)+,-.!/+012.
 !


 !"#!$


 !"#$%
= ‘
’

 !"#$%&'()*+,-.)/0(+123456
 !"#$%&"'()*+,-./0
#12340

 !"#$%&!'())!**+,-./01!23!
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./&0.1234"

Text in pinyin ♦ Zài Zhdngguó de chuánting jiérì lh, zuì zhòngyào de jiù shì Chen Jié. Chen Jié shì nónglì de xcn nián. Hgndud Zhdngguórén bf ta jiào ‘guò nián’, ér xcfangrén bf ta chbng wéi ‘Zhdngguó xcnnián’.

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Unit 5: Celebrate Chinese New Year

Celebrating Chinese New Year www.istock.com

Unit 5: Guò nián

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73

Chunjié tongcháng shì zài ylyuè di huòzhe èryuè chu. Zhongguórén shì zenme guò nián de ne? Hé xTfangrén guò Shèngdànjié cha bù duo, zhè shì yl gè quánjia tuánjù de jiérì. Chú xl wanshang, quánjiarén yào chl tuányuán fàn (ye jiào ‘nián yè fàn’), beifangrén de fàn zhuo shàng yldìng you jiaozi, nánfang rén yTdìng you chunjuan. Quánjiarén ylbian chl ylbian kàn diànshì, ylzhí kàn dào wuyè, ránhòu fàng bianpào, huanyíng xln de yT nián de dàolái. Youxie rén jia ànzhào lao xíguàn ‘shou yè’, zheng wanshang bú shuìjiào. Dì èr tian yl dà zao, yejiùshì dànián chu yT, línju, péngyou hé qTnql hùxiang bàinián, zhùhè xln nián. Cóng chu èr káishi zou qTnql, yejiùshì qù qTnql jia bàinián, chT fàn, bird, qù kàn nainai, yéye; ye key! gen péngyou, tóngxué, tóngshì jùhuì. Zài nóngcun, zhèngyuè shíwu de yuánxiaojié hòu, Chun Jié cái suàn guò wán.

Vocabulary ♦

m% T?H

mm

#15

a^ WTJA

fo% m^

ii^ £J* IK

*s

SM

±U

mm

&$>

ait

^m

&M ##

chuántwng jiérì zhòngyào Chsn Jié guò nián xqfongrén chpng wéi xqn nián trngcháng nóng lì dv chu Shèngdànjié quán jio tuánjù chú xq tuányuán fàn nián yè fàn fàn z h u r chun juan

tradition; traditional festival important Spring Festival to celebrate the New Year; to spend the New Year Westerner to call something as New Year usually lunar calendar the end (of a month, year) the beginning (of a month, year) Christmas whole family to get together Chinese New Year’s Eve (lit. to get rid of the past) reunion meal Chinese New Year’s Eve meal dining table spring roll

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^Fffi

mmm mm 3^

±m#pg §£J3

n^ S*g 15135

fem& mm

JEB JEW *

Unit 5: Celebrate Chinese New Year

wxyè fàng bionpào àn zhào shwu yè dànián chs yq línjs qinqi bài nián hùxiong zhùhè zou qTnqi tóngshì zhèng yuè yuánxioo jié suàn

midnight to set off fireworks according to to stay awake for the whole night Chinese New Year’s Day (lit. first day of the new year) neighbour relative to exchange New Year’s greetings; to wish somebody Happy New Year each other to congratulate to visit family and relatives colleague first month of lunar calendar Lantern Festival to count as

Language points ♦ 5.1

Use of W^

(bài nián)

On Chinese New Year’s Day, families and friends go to each other’s houses to say ‘Happy New Year’, and this ritual is called ffi^- (bài nián). The phrase is used to mean ‘to wish someone Happy New Year’ (please note that this phrase itself is not a new year’s greeting) or ‘to exchange New Year’s greetings’. For example:

mm > m^&w ° Nainai, wo lái gei nín bài nián. Grandma, I’ve come to wish you a Happy New Year!

-X^.— . ^SAfPgSfflf¥¥ ° Dànián chu yl, Zhongguórén dou yào hùxiang bài nián. On Chinese New Year’s Day, Chinese people exchange seasonal greetings with each other.

5.2

Use of VI] (jiào, ‘to call’) and KF (cheng, ‘to call’)

BJ-I (jiào) is informal and W (cheng) is more formal. Also, W (cheng) is usually followed by J3 (wéi) or fp (zuò). For example:

Unit 5: Guò nián

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75

W6 ba ta jiào ‘Xiao Li’, ylnwéi ta bi wo xiao. I call her ‘Little Li’ as she is younger than me. Rénmen dou cheng ta wéi ‘Zhongguó tong’. Everyone calls him ‘a China expert’. 5.3

7fe^

(zou qinqi)

This is a very informal and colloquial expression, meaning ‘to visit families and relatives’.

5.4 Use of /f (cái) 7f" (cái) is an adverb that is used to indicate that the speaker thinks that something happens too late, too slowly or takes too long. For example:

Zhè dùn wanfàn zenme cái chl wán? How come (you’ve) only just finished dinner? Ta ql dian bàn cái lái. He turned up (as late as) half past seven.

Culture notes Terms associated with Chinese New Year The first month of the Chinese lunar calendar is ]EH (zhèng yuè). The first day of the first month is UJ— (chu yT), the second day is $J— (chu èr), and so on and so forth. Normally, after the tenth day, the term UJ (chu) is omitted. # T ? (Chun Jié) is a general term used to refer to the festival season. Strictly speak­ ing, iEt^f (guò nián) means ‘to celebrate the New Year’. How­ ever, the term is also loosely used to refer to the Chinese New Year season. For Chinese New Year’s Day, the most commonly used terms are: %,^.— (dànián chu yT), J £ ^ — (zhèng yuè chu yT), 4fUJ (nián chu yT), UJ— (chu yT). The last day of the previous year is $£$> (chú xT) or ^ = (nián san shf).

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Chinese New Year customs On Chinese New Year’s Eve, most families have a meal together. After the meal, they make dumplings or prepare other food for New Year’s Day while watching spectacular singing and dancing shows on TV. When the clock strikes midnight, fireworks are set off to send the old year out and to welcome the new year in (the traditional belief is that the noise scares the evil spirits and ghosts away). On New Year’s Day, one is not supposed to do any work, not even cooking. It is believed that if you work on this day, you will have to work very hard for the rest of the year! Children wear brand new clothes on this day and receive money wrapped in red paper, known as £TS (hóng bao), from their parents and grandparents.

Exercises Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate word from the vocabulary list for Text 1:

a m^^mm^' m

mux °

Dongfangrén chl fàn shí yòng kuàizi, ér

yòng

dao cha.

Women jia zongshì zài chúxl wanshang chl

Chunjié shì Zhongguó zuì zhòngyào de

d

.

jiérì.

2x55 I E ^ ^ S I ^ T C W T ? ° nóng lì, zhèngyuè shíwu shì yuánxiao jié. Wáng Lín hé wo zài yl gè xuéxiào gongzuò, suoyi women shì

Unit 5: Guò nián

Exercise 2

|

77

(Audio 1:22)

Answer the following questions orally in Chinese based on Text 1: a


 !"#$%&'()*+, Chúxc wfnshang, xjdud Zhdngguó rénjia zuò shénme?

b
 =‘
’
Shénme shì ‘shiu yè’? c


 !"
#$%&' Dànián che yc, dàjia zuò shenme?

d
 !"#=‘
 ’
Shénme shíhòu kaishh ‘ziu qcnqi’? e


 !"#$"%&'() Zài nóngcen, guò nián yào guò dud cháng shíjian?

Exercise 3 Translate the following into Chinese: a This is the first time I have spent Chinese New Year in China. b On New Year’s Day, we went to our teacher’s to wish him Happy New Year. c We agreed to have our family reunion meal at 8 o’clock, but my elder brother turned up at 9! d I know Xiao Ming is your relative. How do you address him?

Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:23)


 Guò nián hto Happy New Year On Chinese New Year’s Day, Lao Li knocks on neighbour Lao Wang’s door . . . LAO LI LAO WANG


 !"#$
 !"#$%&'()*"+,-./0123)


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Unit 5: Celebrate Chinese New Year

LAO L I

4^ 7 ° #^BJI ?

LAO WANG LAO L I LAO WANG LAO L I LAO WANG LAO L I

7x£J

LAO WANG

Dialogue 1 in pinyin LAO LI LAO WANG

Lao Wáng, guò nián hao! Lao LT, guò nián hao! Zhème zao jiù lái bài nián le. NTde háizimen dou huflai le ma?

Unit 5: Guò nián

LAO LI LAO WANG LAO LI LAO WANG LAO LAO LAO LAO

LI WANG LI WANG

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79

Jcnnián wimen jia kg rènào le. Lifng gè érzi hé tamen de xífù, háiyiu sennl ddu huílai le. Nh jia ne? Wi jia lfodà jcnnián méi huílai, lúndào ta zhíban, lifng gè nl’ér huílai le. Che san nhmen yiu kòng ma? Dào wi jia qù chc jifozi ba. Yiu kòng, wi zhèngyào qhng nhmen quán jia guòlai ne! Zhè yàng ba, wimen dài jh gè cài qu. Nà tài hfo le! Nh ferén de cài shì chelemíng de hfochc. Jh difn? Liù difn zgnme yàng? Xíng.

Vocabulary ♦












guò nián hto ku xífù ssnnz ltodà zhí bon chs son zhèngyào zhè yàng ba fsrén chslemíng

Happy New Year very; really wife grand-daughter the eldest child be on duty the third day of the first month just about to; just going to let’s do this wife famously

Language points ♦ 5.5 New Year greetings

(Audio 1:24)

The most often used New Year’s greetings are:

> (guò nián hto!),

> (xqn nián hto!) and

> (grng xv fo cái!). The first two expressions mean ‘Happy New Year’ whilst the last one means ‘wishing you a Prosperous New Year’ and it is mostly used in Cantonese-speaking communities and in business circles.

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Unit 5: Celebrate Chinese New Year

Use of
(ku)


(ku) is an adverb meaning ‘very’ or ‘terribly’. It is almost always used in spoken and informal language. It is often used with
(le) at the end of the sentence. For example:
 !"#$%&'( Ww bàba ku xvhuon duànliàn shpntv le. My father really likes to do exercises.

Dialogue 2

(Audio 1:25)


 Kàn péngyou Visiting a friend A week after New Year’s Day, Liping is cooking for Meili who turns up late . . . LIPING MEILI LIPING MEILI LIPING MEILI LIPING MEILI












!"#$%&'
(")* !"#$%&'()*" !"#$%&&'()*+,"-. !"#$%%&'()*+,-./"#01234 !"#$%&
'()#*+,-./
01 !"#$#$%& '()*+,'(-./0 !"# $% !"#$%&'()*+,-& !"#$%&'()$*

Dialogue 2 in pinyin ♦ LIPING MEILI LIPING MEILI

Nh zgnme cái lái? Wi hái yhwéi nh bù lái le. Zhbn duìbùqh. Zhè jh tian wi ddu máng yen le. Wèishénme? Nhmen jia yiu mama zuòfàn, yòu bùyòng nh máng. Hai, bié tí le. Wi jigjie bf tamen san suì de nlhái dàilai le. Zhè lifng tian ta hé wi jigfe chequ kàn péngyou, wi liú zài jia kan wàishbnl. LèI sh wi le!

Unit 5: Guò nián

LIPING

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81

MEILI

JTntian nl key! xiuxi xiuxi le. NT bùyòng zuòfàn, ye bùyòng kan háizi! JTntian chT shénme haochT de?

LIPING MEILI

Chun juan, háiyou biéde cài. Mashàng jiù keyT chT fàn. Zhème kuài jiù zuò hao le. NT tài weidà le!

Vocabulary ♦

vx% m

^Fffl

m

yvwéi

thought

yun

dizzy

bú yòng

do not have to

hoi

(exclamation word)

SW1

bié tí le

Don’t mention it!; You can well imagine

a m ^m±

liú

to be left behind

kan

to look after

wàishpngnz

niece

H,±

mtshàng

immediately

n±

wuidà

great

Language points 5.7

Use of Wt (jiù)

Unlike ^ (cái) we saw in 5.4 above, Wt (jiù) is used to indicate that the speaker thinks that something happens fast, early, smoothly or takes a short time.

Ni zhème kuài jiù chT wán fàn le! You’ve finished your meal so quickly! Hái bii dào shí dian, ta jiù shuìjiào le. It was not even 10 o’clock and he had gone to bed.

5.8

Plural CI (men)

In Chinese, there is no distinction between singular and plural. How­ ever, there is one exception and it is the use of ffl (men). ffl (men) can be attached to some people-related nouns. For example:

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Unit 5: Celebrate Chinese New Year

*!il

mm mm

m?i

mm ! 5.9

ltoshqmen tóngxuémen péngyoumen háizimen yùndòngyuánmen

teachers students; fellow-students friends children athletes

M (kàn) and M (kan)

As you all know, when iff (kàn) is pronounced with the fourth tone, it means ‘to see, to watch, to look at’. In Dialogue 2, it is pronounced with the first tone (kan) and it means ‘to look after’. For example:

im^mmwrn^ ? Ni xiang qù kàn fàng bianpào ma? Would you like to go and watch the fireworks? W6 jiejie ràng wo bang ta kan xiaohái. My elder sister asked me to help her look after the children. 5.10

Expressions of exaggeration

When exaggerating things, you can add JET" (si le, to have died) after an adjective. For example, tH^E (è si le, starving) and ^¥c (rè si le, extremely hot) literally mean ‘hungry to death’ and ‘hot to death’. The phrase WJ (yun le, to have passed out) is similar in its meaning and usage. So you can say tHif (è yun le) and ^W (rè yun le), literally meaning ‘so hungry/hot that one is going to pass out’.

Culture note Animal signs According to the Chinese lunar calendar, each year is asso­ ciated with an animal sign. Altogether there are 12 animal signs and they come round every 12 years. The dragon is generally regarded as the most popular sign, and ‘the Year of the Dragon’ is ;£4f, lóng nián in Chinese. If we take the following 12 years as an example, below is a table illustrating the 12 animal signs corresponding to those years:

Unit 5: Guò nián

Year

Sign

Character

1996

Rat

shu

1997

Ox

niú

1998

Tiger

hu

1999

Rabbit

tù

2000

Dragon

lóng

2001

Snake (small dragon)

2002

Horse

ma

2003

Sheep

yáng

2004

Monkey

hóu

2005

Rooster

jT

2006

Dog

2007

Pig

iS(/j\jg)

m

|

83

Pinyin

€

shé (xiao lóng)

gou zhu

Exercises Exercise 4 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate word from the vocabulary list for Dialogue 1 and Dialogue 2:

a sin-*^^? °

^m> %tm^-ic °

Women jia ylgòng you san ge háizi. liang gè shì nihái. NT néng bù néng wan yldian zou,

shì nánhái, lìngwài

xiàlái bang wo bao jiaozi?

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Unit 5: Celebrate Chinese New Year

W6 míngtian wanshang bù néng huíjia chl nián yè fàn, ylnwéi lúndào wo .

mmm^±.mx > m^mz

d

7-

W6 nainai shì Shànghairén, ta ke ài chl e

le.

Wo hái ta shì Beijlngrén! Yldianr dou méi ting chu tade Shànghai kouyln!

Exercise 5 Fill in the gaps using ^ (cái) or St (jiù):

a mwiTn^M.mu% •

UW+7-K^T -

Ta gang xué le Hang gè xlngql hànyu,

rènshí wushí gè hànzì le.

Jlnnián Chun Jié zenme zhème kuài

guò wán le.

Dou shi'èr dian le, ni zenme

lái?

W6 mama zuìjìn bù máng. Zuótian wanshang ta liù dian

huí

jia le. Xiao Míng zuìjìn qìsè bù hao. Wo zao jiù ràng ta qù kàn dàifu, keshì ta zuótian qù.

Exercise 6 Match the words on the left with the words on the right: a b c d e

U Sffi $fefij m M

kan hùxiang lún dào wo kàn lèi

A B C D E

#tS ^11 WT JIT fi^

zuòfàn diànshì yun le háizi bài nián

Unit 5: Guò nián

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85

Exercise 7 Translate the following into Chinese: a b c d e

Where are you going to spend the Chinese New Year this year? I thought you didn’t know how to make dumplings. Don’t mention it. It’s terribly tiring looking after a child. You don’t have to bring any presents with you. I was just about to telephone you.

Reading comprehension
 ! Quán jio tuonjù Family reunion

(Audio 1:26)

Bear the following questions in mind while reading the passage below and try to answer them afterwards: 1
 !"#$%&' Wáng Qiáng shì gàn shénme gdngzuò de? 2
 !"#$%&'()*+, Wáng Qiáng shì zài shénme dìfang guò de dànián che yc? 3
 !"#$%&' Tamen wèishénme qù le Bgijcng?

Key words ♦ The following words may help you to understand the passage better:








Tionjqn jio yqyuàn yqshpng qqzi jqdòng zhèxià

(a city near Beijing) (measure word for an organisation) hospital doctor wife excited; excitedly this way; now

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Unit 5: Celebrate Chinese New Year

Passage in characters ♦

f ¥ 7 ’ 7 ? i # 7 f f i M 7 - 7 ' ?*m«H*dk«{±/l^ - ^;LD/f lft/§ mmikT ! AVU1 ' 3£W#&H55fE7 ' SAfti^ ‘ S i n 7 ^ ^ 7 # 7 M 7 a M ’ ! 7 » M 7 f t f t f t M a ) * i a : ‘ST SCHS* SH1 ! ’

Passage in pinyin ♦ Lao Wáng de dà érzi Wáng Qiáng shì Tianjln yl jia ylyuàn de ylsheng. Jlnnián lúndào ta dànián chu yl zhí ban, suoyi ta bù néng huí Beijing de fùmu jia. Chu yl zaoshang, ta da diànhuà gei fùmu bài le nián, ránhòu jiù qù le ylyuàn. Yl zhí dào wanshang ql dian Wáng Qiáng cái huí jia. Huí jia hòu, ta wu suì de nii’ér shuo: ‘Bàba, wo xiang qù kàn nainai, yéye, gei tamen bài nián’. Wáng Qiáng hé qlzi shangliàng le ylxià, juédìng chu san qù Beijing zhù ji tian. Nii’ér ting shuo hòu, gaoxìng jí le! Chu san tamen san gè rén zuò huoche dào le Beijing. Wáng Qiáng de fùmu kàndao dà érzi, dà érxí, háiyou sunnii dou lái le, gaoxìng de shuo: ‘women hái yiwéi jlnnián Chun Jié jiàn bù dào nimen le! Wáng Qiáng de Hang gè mèimei ye jldòng de shuo ‘Zhèxià, women jia ye rènào le!’

Unit 6: Xìngqù hé àihào

|

87


 !" Xìngqù hé àihào Interests and hobbies

6

In this unit, you will learn about: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

expressing preferences expressing the result or potential result of an action using the continuous particle
 (zhèngzài) end-of-sentence
(le)

Text 1

(Audio 1:27)


 ! Zhrngguó wénxué Chinese literature












!"#$%&'("))*+,-"../0%& !""#$%&'()*!+ !,-.%& /! !"#$%"&!'()*+&,!"-(-./0# !"#$%&'()*+,-(./012345678 !
"#$ %&'()*+,-./0123456! !"#$%&'()*+,-"./0123'4567 !"#$%&' ()*+,-./01234567!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123 !$'4 !"#$%&'()*!"+,-./012&030 !"#
$%&'(#
)*+$,-.%/0#$1 !"#$%&

Text 1 in pinyin ♦ Zài wimen jia, wi fùmj xhhuan ycnyuè, wi gbge àihào zúqiú, wi nfinai tèbié xhhuan yfng hua, wi yéye shì gè diànyhng mí. Zhìyú

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Chinese novels

wo ne, wo ye xihuan diànylng, dàn wo gèng xihuan wénxué. Zìcóng xué Zhongwén yllai, wo duì Zhongguó wénxué yuè lái yuè gan xìngqu. Wo yljing dú guò le ylxie Zhongguó wénxué zuòpin de Ylngwén fanyì, bi ru ((Hóng Lóu Mèng)) he ((Jia)). ((Hóng Lóu Mèng)) shì yl bù gudian chángpian xiaoshuo, llmiàn de rénwù tèbié duo. Gang kaishi dú de shíhou, zongshì jì bú zhù youxie rén de míngzì. ((Jia)) shì yl bù xiàndài xiaoshuo. Llmiàn de rénwù bù duo, bijiào róngyì dú. Zhè liang bù zuòpin dou hen youyìsl. Zuìjìn, wo zhèngzài dú Lao She de míng zhù ((Luòtuó Xiángzi)). Zhè ylci, wo dú de shì Zhongwén de yuán zhù! Zhè shì wo dì yl cì dú yuánzhù, kunnan ke zhen bù xiao. Wo bù dé bù ylbian chá zìdian, ylbian kàn. You shí hòu, yT jù huà yào kàn hao ji biàn. Dànshì, kàn dong le hòu xln II tèbié gaoxìng.

Vocabulary 4 H.£fc ^Jf #3£

yTnyuè àihào yang hua

music to like something as a hobby; hobby to grow flowers

Unit 6: Xìngqù hé àihào

fe#j MT W. %.¥ S A . . . W*

diànyvng mí zhì yú gèng wénxué zìcóng . . . yilái

m%m

yuè lái yuè duì . . . g t n xìngqu dú zuòpvn fonyì Hóng Lóu Mèng bù

rt...mx & ttnn Hi?

a«^

SP

** Kit /J\i^ Afl iE*E US IE£ =&# «* » T H* US *#* S#:

WW* JfAf

gxditn cháng pion xitoshur rénwù j] bú zhù ywuxip zhèngzài L t o Shu míng zhù Luòtuó Xiángzi yuán zhù kùnnán bù dé bù chá zìditn ywu shíhou h t o jv biàn

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film fan as for even more literature since more and more be interested in . . . to read a work (as in literature or art) translation A Dream of Red Mansions (measure word for a literary work or film) classical long; major (e.g. a major work of fiction) novel; story character cannot remember some (continuous particle) (name of a famous author) a famous work Camel Xiangzi (a famous novel) original work difficulty to have to to look it up in the dictionary sometimes several times

Language points ♦ 6.1

Use of ill (gèng)

M (gèng), meaning ‘even more’ is always placed before the verb or adjective. For example:

W6 xihuan chi Faguó cài, gèng xihuan chi Zhongguó cài. I like French cuisine, but I like Chinese even better.

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Unit 6: Interests and hobbies

Use of il M. ■ ■ ■ tU5|t (zìcóng . . . yilái, ‘since’)

Put the time expression in between example:

EEIM.

(zìcóng) and .K5fs (yilái). For

Zìcóng liùyuè fèn yilái, liiyóu de rén yuè lái yuè duo. Since June, the number of tourists has been increasing. .K5|5 (yilái) is very often omitted. For example:

Zìcóng shàng dàxué (yilái), wo ylzhí jianchí duànliàn shenti. Since starting university, I’ve been doing exercises persistently. Please note that fie (wo) is omitted from the first half of the above sentence as both parts share the same subject. If different subjects are used, then it cannot be omitted. For example:

Zìcóng wo fùmu qù Zhongguó gongzuò (yilái), wo duì Zhongguó wénhuà yuè lái yuè gan xìngqu. Since my parents went to work in China, I’ve become more and more interested in Chinese culture.

6.3 Result or potential result of an action When an adjective follows a verb directly, it shows the result of that verb as explained in the fE (ba) sentence in 4.9 of Unit 4. In gram­ matical terms, the adjective is known as the ‘resultative comple­ ment’. Most adjectives can function as resultative complements. For example:

lit.

W6 xi ganjìng le nide ylfú. I wash clean [le] your clothes I washed your clothes and they were all clean.

There are also sets of verbs in Chinese which indicate the result of an action such as 18 (dong) in Hilt (kàn dong, read and understand) and D/f'B (ting dong, listen and understand), D (zháo) in m D (shuì zháo, to go to bed and fall asleep), and \JL (zhù) in )B{3£ (jì zhù, remember).

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These special sets of verbs can function as resultative complements. For example:

W6 kàn dong le zhè feng xìn hòu xin li tèbié gaoxìng. I was extremely pleased once I understood the letter. To express that something is potentially possible or impossible, place flf (de) in between the verb and the resultative complement for positive potential, and ^ (bù) in between for negative potential. Please note that ^ is often pronounced with a neutral tone here. For example:

Nide hànyu zhème hao, yldìng kàn de dong zhè bù xiaoshuo. Your Chinese is so good. You’ll definitely be able to understand this book. Ta de míngzi tài fùzá le, wo jì bu zhù. His name is too complicated. I can’t remember. 6.4

Differences between

^

(yixie) and ^ ^

(youxie)

Although both of these mean ‘some’, they are used in different positions in a sentence. First, —'S (yixie) can follow a verb, but W S (youxie) normally appears in the subject position. For example:

Lao She de zuòpin, wo dú guò yixie. I’ve read some of Lao She’s work. It is inappropriate to use W S (youxie) in the above sentence. Second, —'S (yixie) can be of general reference, but W S (youxie) normally refers to people or things that are specific. For example:

W6 you yixie Zhongguó péngyou. I have some Chinese friends. Zài wode Zhongguó péngyou zhong, youxie shì cóng dàlù lái de, youxie shì cóng Táiwan lái de. Among my Chinese friends, some come from the mainland, and some from Taiwan.

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Unit 6: Interests and hobbies

Use of lE^E (zhèngzài)

Place J E ^ (zhèngzài) in front of the verb to indicate that something is, was, or will be happening. For example:

mm ' jE&fcifo > i^Tmu-mm

°

Mama, wo zhèngzài chlfàn, kuài zuò xialái hé wo yiqi chi ba. Mum, I’m having my meal now. Please sit down and join me. Very often, IE (zhèng) can be omitted. For example:

Zuótian wo qù jie ta de shíhou, ta zài da tàijíquán. Yesterday when I went to collect him, he was practising his Tai-chi.

Culture notes A Dream of Red

Mansions

A Dream of Red Mansions (Hong Luo Meng) is a celebrated Chinese literary novel (three volumes) written by Cao Xueqin during the Qing Dynasty. This Eastern version of Romeo and Juliet concentrates more on the inevitable law of change rather than just teenage love. The story is set in Beijing under an unknown dynasty, which we assume to be the Ming. The novel tells the story of two star-crossed lovers: Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu, who are first cousins. It also tells the story of the down­ fall of the powerful and prosperous Jia family, which in a way symbolises the downfall of the Ming Dynasty. The

Family

The Family (Jia) was written by Ba Jin and published in 1933 as the first of his epic trilogy The Torrent (Jiliu). The novel is a vivid portrayal of the young people whose aspirations and love were crushed in an old family of three generations under the reign of the patriarch, grandfather Gao. They had to succumb to the centuries-old feudal family rules, even at a time when China,

Unit 6: Xlngqù hé àihào

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93

then already a republic, was absorbing new Western ideas. When Ba Jin published the novel in the 1930s it inspired a lot of educated young people to examine and rebel against the old feudal society of China. The Family was adapted into a four-act play by Cao Yu (1942).

Exercises Useful words for the following exercises fNt =p!A $??f

zuòzhe jiarén jieshl

author; writer family members; family explanation; to explain

Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate word from the vocabulary list for Text 1: a

S § M ^ S » * # Zhè bù xiaoshuo II de míngzi.

S)2^{±ffiin»^ tài duo, wo jì bú zhù tamen de

b $&w3!is&«*f£ ° xmmm'

'-

W6 yéye tèbié xihuan kàn diànying. Dàjia dou jiào ta ' Zhè gè yuè wo mai le xuduo Zhongguó wénxué bù shao qián.

d ^ztmr

>

, hua le

i±mM-9< °

Jlntian wo fashao le, e

'.

zài jia xiuxi yl tian.

S§^ime^#j± 7 ' U t ^ M * — 3 § Zhè bù diànying wo yljing kàn guò le, keshì wo hái xiang zài kàn yl biàn.

f m^^jcmim > m^

- ®& • nm^m^^j °

Kaishi xué Zhongwén de shíhou, you xuduo wo juéde róngyì duo le.

. Xiànzài,

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Unit 6: Interests and hobbies

Exercise 2 Answer the following questions orally in Chinese based on Text 1 above:

a

{^ilAWff^gff? Zuòzhe de jiarén you shénme àihào? Zuòzhe zìji duì shénme zuì you xìngqù?

c i^mftu^mstm^sh

?

Zuòzhe dú guò shénme Zhongguó wénxué zuòpin? ((Hóng Lóu Mèng)) shì yl bù shénme yàng de xiaoshuo?

Exercise 3 Fill in the gaps using —'S (ylxie) or W S (youxie):

a m^/j?t¥x&i'n%'

m^tmn >

W6 you bù shao Zhongwén de xiaoshuo, jieshì, méi you.

&w you Ylngwén

K^

b mmm%7 > s s w

Lii chá dou he wán le, wo hái you

c %tt®.±&mmi ? mmmm

hóng chá.

^*

NT jlntian wanshang zài jia ma? Wo xiang gei ni sòng shu qu.

d mmmmm > W6 mama zuò de cài,

mm^ > nrw* wns 0 tèbié haochl, ke youxie bù haochl.

Exercise 4 Translate the following into Chinese: a b

I like Chinese dumplings, but I prefer spring rolls. Since I started learning Chinese last month, I have become more and more interested in Chinese literature.

Unit 6: Xìngqù hé àihào

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c

When I went to see my grandma last night, she was in the middle of practising Tai-chi. d There are too many characters in this film. I can’t remember all of their names. e What he read were all original works of Lao She.

Dialogue 1

(Audio 1:29)


 Kàn bvsài Going to a match Daming and John are colleagues working for an accountancy firm in Tianjin. They are having a chat during the lunch break. DAMING JOHN DAMING JOHN DAMING JOHN DAMING JOHN DAMING JOHN DAMING JOHN DAMING JOHN


 !"#$%&'
 !"#$%&'()
 !"#$%&'()*#$+%,
 !
"#$%&' ()%*+,
 !"#$%&'()*+,-.*+#
/0123
 !"#$%&'()

!
 !"# $
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./ )0123456
 !"#
 !"#$%&'()*+,-.
 !"#$%&'(!)*+$
 !"#$%&'()*+,-."
 !"#$%&'()*+,!-)./01$234
 !"#$%&'&()*+ ,-./%
 !"#$%&'()*+,-.

Dialogue 1 in pinyin ♦ DAMING JOHN DAMING

Yubhàn, nh yiu shénme àihào? Thyù, tèbié xhhuan qiú lèi yùndòng. Zhbnde? Wi yg xhhuan qiú lèi yùndòng, zuì xhhuan zúqiú.

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JOHN

DAMING

JOHN DAMING JOHN

DAMING JOHN

Unit 6: Interests and hobbies

Wo ye shì! Wo shàng xiaoxué de shfhou shì xiào duì de. NT ne? Wo tT de bù hao, dàn feicháng xlhuan kàn blsài. Shuo dào blsài, wo you liang zhang mfngtian zúqiú sài de piào. NT xiang qù kàn ma? Shuf gen shuf tT? Beijing duì gen Guangzhou duì. Tài hao le! Zhè liang gè duì dou hen qiáng. Wo dangrán yào qù kàn le. BTsài jT dian kaishT? Zài shénme dìfang? Mfngtian zaoshang shfyT dian, zài Beijing Shoudu ITyùguan. Shénme? Zài Beijing! Wo hái yTwéi zài TianjTn ne!

Unit 6: Xìngqù hé àihào

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97

DAMING

Nà you shénme. Zuò huoche yT gè xiaoshí jiù dào Beijing le.

JOHN

Dàoyeshì. Hao ba, wo míngtian zao dianr qlchuáng. Ba dian

DAMING

Xíng. NT q l de lái ma? Yòng bú yòng wo ba dian gei nl da gè

JOHN

B ú yòng! ZhTyào shì kàn qiúsài, liù dian qlchuáng ye key!!

bàn qù zhao nl, xíng ma? diànhuà?

Vocabulary ♦ fcb»

bvsài

match (as in sports)

nm ws

Yuphàn

John

tvyù

sport

®m

qiú lèi

ball related

mx

xiào duì

school/college team

s§

tT

to kick

&SJ

s h u r dào

talking about

J$*

qiú sài

(foot)ball match

SM 3S

gpn

with/against

qiáng

strong; capable

nm

shoudu

capital

ftW

tvyù g u t n

stadium

wm&

nà ywu shénme

that’s not a problem; that is no b i g deal;

#MJ

dàoyushì

you are right; you’ve got a point

¥,SJ

z t o ditnr

a bit earlier

m

zhao

to collect; to get (a person)

qv de lái

to be able to get u p

yòng bú yòng

Is it necessary . . . ?

zhvyào

as long as . . .

&#* ffl^ffl... RM

so what?

Language points ♦ 6.6 End of sentence T (le) When ~J (le) occurs at the end of the sentence, it can indicate the speaker’s response or feelings to a new situation. For example, the sentence in Dialogue 1 S / ^ t H i c l f T

(Wo dangrán yào qù kàn le,

I certainly will go and watch it) indicates that the speaker really wants to go, now that he has found out who are playing.

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Some words such as 'f&H (kuài yào, nearly), Wt (jiù, then), clearly signal new situations which are often linked with end-of-sentence T (le). For example:

Zuò huoche yi gè xiaoshí jiù dào Beijing le. It takes only an hour by train to get to Beijing.

~l#l 1*^ lit.

6.7

»?S

7°

Feiji kuài yào jiàngluò le. plane very soon land [le] The plane is about to land. Use of HJtili

(dàoyeshì)

This phrase can be used independently as a reply to a question or a comment on an opinion. It is not a straightforward ‘yes, you are right’, but more of a ‘now I think about it in this way, that may be right’ or ‘you’ve got a point there’. So it implies a change of mind. For example:

Ni Zhongwén shuo de bú tài hao, háishì wo péi ni qù mai dongxi ba. You don’t speak very good Chinese. I’ll go shopping with you. Keshì rúguo mei cì ni dou péi wo, wode Zhongwén jiù yongyuan ye shuo bù hao. But if you come with me every time (I go shopping), I’ll never speak good Chinese. Dàoyeshì. Nà, ni zìji qù ba. You are right there. In that case, go by yourself.

6.8 Use of ^ (de) In Language point 6.3 above, we discussed how flf de is used to indicate possibility and ability in potential complements. Let us now compare it with the modal verb ft néng. For example, the question ^ ^ f 5 p : | E i ? (Ni qi de lái ma?) is very similar in meaning to fj\fb JpSlSf (Ni néng qilái ma?), both of which translate as ‘Are you able to get up/Can you get up?’ However, fj\^t35fs'Ei ? (Ni qi de lái

Unit 6: Xlngqù hé àihào

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ma?) sounds more doubtful than fj\fb5p: | Ef? (Ni néng qilái ma?). See more examples below:

mx&^w&i'?> n&m ? Ni cónglái méiyou bao guò jiaozi, bao de hao ma? You have never made dumplings before. Are you sure you can make them?

w^ift±}©£7' imm ? Ni haojiu bù shuo Shànghai huà le, shuo de hao ma? You haven’t spoken the Shanghai dialect for a long time. Are you still able to speak it?

Exercises Exercise 5 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate word from the vocabulary list for Dialogue 1:

a #«M*,tH^ °

msmm&m ?

NT xuyào xiuxi san tian.

wo gei ni kai bìngjià tiáo?

b m^mn^k^mm o WWM^M

%- w?

Míngtian zánmen qù Blngmayong. Wo ba dian lái ni jia xíng bù xíng?

c dtm^^aw

> ^—tA^mximim °

Beijing shì Zhongguó de de chéngshì.

d m^m^m

, shì yl gè feicháng xiàndàihuà

* ? mm^-i^m °

Míngtian ni néng bù néng

e mz^XM

ni,

' Mb®

Zài jì hànzì fangmiàn, ta bi wo

lái? Wo xiang wèn ni yl jiàn shì.

.

Exercise 6 Fill in the gaps using ff] (de) to signal the noun clause or flf (DE) to indicate the result of the verb:

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Unit 6: Interests and hobbies


 ______
 !" Nh xifngxiàng______tài jifndan le.

b
 !______
 !" Wi jcntian zuò______bú shì xccan. c


 !______
 !"#$%&'() Wi yhwéi kàn______ding zhè bù xifo shud, méi xifng dào zhème nán.

d
 !______
 !"#!$ Ta xhhuan kàn______bú shì zúqiú, shì páiqiú. e


 !"#$%&!'()*______
 Jcnwfn wi zfo xib shuì, míngtian zfoshàng ycdìng qh______lái.

Exercise 7 Translate the following into Chinese: a

So long as you know how to look words up in a dictionary, you’ll understand this article. b Talking about celebrating Chinese New Year, I was just going to ask you for advice. c A I know you don’t like her, but she’s been to China. B You’ve got a point. I should listen to what she’s got to say. d A I’ve finished reading the English translation of A Dream of Red Mansions. B That’s nothing! Tom has almost finished reading the original Chinese version of the novel. e The film is about to start.

Listening comprehension


(Audio 1:31)

!"#=
Luòtuó Xiángzi


You will hear a dialogue between two friends – John and Huaying. Try not to read the script. Bear the following questions in mind whilst listening to the dialogue and try to answer them afterwards:

Unit 6: Xlngqù hé àihào

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i i^mmmt {mm^} m mr

xiande feicháng xiao.

> fm^xmwM °

Píngcháng wo zaoshàng ql dian jiù qichuáng le, dào le wo xihuan shuìlanjiào.

,

Exercise 6 Ask as many questions in Chinese as you can regarding Dialogue 1: Example:

5Kff5^S^7/l¥ ? Zhang Wei zài YIngguó xuéxí le ji nián?

Exercise 7 Match the sentence in the left column with an appropriate one in the right column. Then translate the complete sentences into English:

a fteS{±7M¥I Ta zài Zhongguó zhù le liang nián,

b »4-¥A+A^I

W»1H?e^A+#^7 ér tade yéye yijlng bashí duo suì le.

m^mmxM^mk^-^K

Tade nainai jln nián qlshí ba suì,

AfU ^-AfeifH ° ér YIngguó de xuéxiào mei nián yào fàng san cì cháng jià, san cì duan jià.

Zhongguó de xuéxiào mei nián zhi fàng liang cì jià,

ke ke shì ta què qu bù huì shuo Zhongwén.

nJ^iP7

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Unit 7: Education

A primary school in China

Exercise 8 Translate the following into Chinese: a b c d e

How long did you spend writing this letter? When it comes to talking about China, he becomes very excited. I don’t want to go to the bar tonight. Besides, the bar I like most is not open tonight. In Britain, children go to school at four years old; whereas in China, children begin their schooling at the age of six. David learnt 500 characters within three months. He is truly impressive.

Unit 7: Jiàoyù

Reading comprehension

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(Audio 2:5)


 !"# Zài Zhrngguó jioo Yqngwén Teach English in China Bear the following questions in mind whilst reading the letter and try to answer them afterwards. This letter is written by Susan to her Chinese teacher back in Ireland: 1
 !"#$%& Seshan zài Tàiyuán zuò shénme? 2
 !"#$%&'()* Bgijcng hé Tàiyuán yiu shénme dìfang bù tóng? 3
 !"#$%&' Xuéshbngmen bf Seshan jiào shénme? 4
 !"#$%&'()* Seshan de xuéxiào shénme shíhòu fàng hán jià? 5
 !"#$%&'()*+, Seshan zhjnbèi zài nfr, hé shéi ycqh guò nián?

Key words ♦ The following key words may help you understand the letter better:








Tàiyuán shàng kè xià kè xíguàn bù xíng zhrngxún cóngqián

(city name) to go to class to finish class be used to; be accustomed to not acceptable; does not work mid- (for month) before; a while back

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Unit 7: Education

Letter in characters ♦ &%

:

t»

7ii ^7 ic^

S;L»^7#SiJffli* - S ^ 7 7 A ^ 7 i S 7 7 S ^ - ^ § ^ M 0 i ? n g ^ 7 i S - ^7f[7ESBi| ‘^W > S - ©ilffifnniia^T: ' 7Jiffiini#7fT - ^ W i ^ l M

WSMffi^^H7UW»llMl-;£3i±7 ° 71171*37 ' W t 7 n ^ i ? 7 « * 7 ! 2005, 12, 1

Letter in pinyin ♦ LI laoshl: Nín hao! Shàng cì gei nín xie xìn shí, wo hái zài Beijing xué Zhongwén. Jlnnián jiu yuè, yl ge Zhongguó péngyou jièshào wo lái Tàiyuán de yl suo xiao xué jiao Ylngwén. Wo yljlng zài zhèr gongzuò le san gè yuè le. Hé Beijing bl qllái, Tàiyuán de shenghuó tiáojiàn chà deduo, dongtian ye leng de duo. Búguò, zhèr de háizi tèbié yònggong. Mei tian zaoshàng ba dian shàng kè, xiàwu wu dian cái xià kè. Dàbùfèn xuésheng huí jia chl zhongwu fàn. Háizimen ba wo jiào ‘laoshl', wo bú tài xíguàn. Wo ràng tamen jiào wo míngzì, keshì tamen shuo bù xíng. Xuésheng de jiazhangmen ye feicháng rèxln, zhoumd chángcháng qlng wo qù tamen jia chl fàn. Wo zhende hen xlhuan wode gongzuò. Women Ylyuè zhongxún fàng hán jià, dào shíhòu wo zhunbèi qù Xl'an liiyóu, zài qù Beijing hé wo cóngqián xué Zhongwén shí rènshi de péngyoumen ylqi guò nián. Shèngdàn Jié kuài dào le, zhù nín hé quán jia Shèngdàn kuàilè Sushan 2005, 12, 1

Unit 8: Gdngzuò

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 Gdngzuò Work

8

In this unit, you will learn about: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

past and present regarding the job situation describing one’s job expressions for job-hunting passive voice introduced by
(yóu) conditional sentence introduced by
 K K K
 (rúguw . . . de huà)

Text 1

(Audio 2:6)


 Zhto grngzuò Looking for jobs
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234567./




 !"#$%&'()*+,

 !
 !"#$%&' ()*+,-. /0,1'23
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./#0*+1234
 !"#$%&'()*+,-%./0123456
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01-23456
 !"#$%&'()*+

Text 1 in pinyin ♦ Zhídào bashí niándài dh, Zhdngguó de dà xuéshbng bú yòng zìjh zhfo gdngzuò. Jíbiàn nh xifng zìjh zhfo gdngzuò, yg bù kgnéng. Mgigè bìyè shbng de gdngzuò ddu shì yóu xuéxiào fbnpèi de. Dangrán, xuéxiào de lhngdfo yg zhbngqiú gèrén de yìjiàn, dànshì zuìhòu de juédìng shì biérén wéi nh zuò de. Suiyh, nàgè shíhòu

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2005 Wenzhou Job Fair Photographer: Zhang Ping

genben méiyou xuanzé de zìyóu, ye méi you shénme zhaopìn guanggào, gongzuò miànshì. Xiànzài qíngkuàng bù ylyàng le. Dàxué bìyè hòu yào zìji zhao gongzuò. Zhèyàng yllái, biàn chuxiàn le zhaopìn guanggào, jiùyè wangzhàn, réncái shìcháng deng. Tóngshí ye chuxiàn le xuanzé dàilái de fannao.

Vocabulary ♦ %Xt jtflj

ipffi *RT

)£±±

a

#IE

m%

«

^x

zhto grngzuò zhídào jíbiàn

to look for jobs until even if

bù kunéng bìyè shpng yóu fpnpèi lvngdto zhpngqiú gèrén

be impossible graduate students by to assign leader; management to ask for; to consult individual

Unit 8: Gdngzuò

MH ;*£ SUA ffc*

&s gft

ffiW

r^ sis

&# ii

!

taage

SM PSISfi

A*ff ^*

!

yìjiàn juédìng biérén gpnbun xutnzé zìyóu zhoopìn gutnggào miànshì zhè yàng yi lái biàn chsxiàn jiùyè wtngzhàn réncái shìcháng dàilái fánnto

JffilS

| 123

view; opinion decision others absolutely choice freedom to invite applications for a job advertisement interview this way; by doing so then; therefore to appear; to occur employment internet site job market (lit. talents market) to bring about hassle; worries

Additional useful words

r^u B+!i Xfl HS

m% Hit 5'J*

*E

■M ■X-

$JLt

r-K

XA

£*lk

TS

!

guanggào shèjìshT grngchéngshq muifàshq tuqxiooyuán fonyì lièchpyuán ltobtn gùyuán gùzhx yòu ér jiàoshT changzhang grngrén shqyè xiàgtng

copywriter (in advertising) engineer hairdresser sales-person interpreter; translator train attendant boss employee employer nursery teacher factory manager worker unemployment; be unemployed be laid off

Language points ♦ 8.1

SPilL • • • "til (jíbiàn . . . ye . . . )

Literally, this means ‘even i f . . . , still/already . . .’, although very often it is simply translated as ‘even if.. .’. ill (ye) must be used in

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the second half of the sentence, and it is placed before the verb. For example:

Jíbiàn ni bù gàosu wo zhè jiàn shì, biérén ye huì gàosu wo de. Even if you don’t tell me about it, others (still) will. Jíbiàn ni xiang zìji zhao gongzuò, ye bù kenéng. Even if you wanted to look for a job by yourself, it was impossible.

8.2 The passive voice In Chinese, the passive voice is not used as extensively as in English. When it is used, there is no single unified form like the English pattern ‘to be verb + ed by . . .’. Let us look at one pattern which conveys a passive voice: subject + EJ3 (yóu) + agent of the verb + verb For example:

lit.

Wode gongzuò yóu subject passive marker my job by My job is going to be assigned

xuéxiào lingdao fenpèi. agent of verb verb university management assign by the university management.

In the text above, the jH. . . tf] (shì. . . de) structure was used to indicate the past tense:

Meigè bìyè sheng de gongzuò dou shì yóu xuéxiào fenpèi de. The job of every graduate was assigned by the university. When the j H . . . tf] ( s h ì . . . de) structure is used to indicate the past, the passive marker Ef3 (yóu) is often omitted. For example:

lit.

Zuìhòu de juédìng shì yóu biérén wéi ni zuò de. final decision was by others for you made The final decision was made for you by others.

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8.3 Use of 'ffl^ (genben, ‘absolutely not’) When this phrase is used as an adverb, it is usually used in negative sen­ tences to emphasise that something is not at all possible. For example:

Ta genben bù kenéng zhengqiú wode yìjiàn. It was completely out of the question that he would ask for my views. Ta genben bú huì kaiche. She couldn’t drive at all. 8.4

Position of $L (biàn, ‘then’)

This adverb can be used to indicate the consequence of an action, and hence it occurs in the second half of the sentence and it is always placed before the verb. For example: Tlngshuo Beijing Wan Bào shàng you zhaopìn guanggào, ta biàn mashàng qù mai le yl fèn bào. Upon hearing that there were job advertisements in the Beijing Evening News, he immediately went out and bought a copy.

8.5 More on the use of &5 (de) before a noun or noun phrase In Language point 7.4 of Unit 7, tf] (de) links a verbal phrase to modify a noun or noun phrase. Let us see more examples here where the noun or noun phrase functions either as a subject or an object:

lit.

lit.

Wode nu’ér gei wo dàilái de kuàilè shì wúqióng de. subject my daughter to me brought happiness is endless My daughter has brought me endless happiness. Zhè shì wo zìji zuò de juédìng. object this is I myself made decision This is a decision made by myself (or I myself made).

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Culture notes ‘Iron bowl’ Before China started its economic reform programme in the ate 1970s, city people either worked for state-owned factor­ ies or government organisations. The job was for life, and it was known as the ‘iron bowl’ ( f & t & f , tie fànwan). There was almost no mobility in the job. To transfer from one organisation to another was an extremely lengthy and difficult task.

‘Going to sea’ During the reform years, many people resigned from their ‘iron bowl’ posts to embark on some other ventures ranging from setting up their own food stall to launching large-scale com­ panies. Such a daring action is described as ‘going to sea’ (TM, xià hai) as the sea is wild and risky.

Exercises Exercise 1 Match the following expressions with an appropriate translation: a b c d e

f

;*£ MH WLM !

juédìng yìjiàn réncái shìcháng jiùyè wangzhàn

wis

fánnto

employment website view, opinion worries job interview job market

It£iS

gongzuò miànshì

decision

ATM !

Exercise 2 Write a short account in Chinese about how you decided on what job to do or how you are going to look for a job. You may wish to use the following expressions:

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| 127

K K K
 K K K de shíhòu;
 =yc kaishh;
 !"=bang wi che zhjyì;
 !" tài dud de xufnzé;
 zuìhòu;
=juédìng;
ycnwéi

Exercise 3 Use either
(yóu) or
K K K
(shì . . . de), or both, to make up sentences in the passive voice. The key words are provided in each group. a



 !"
 zuótian, jùhuì, xuéshbng huì, zjzhc

b

 !


jcnwfn, nián yè fàn, nfinai, zuò c


 !

tuìshao yào, ycshbng, kai

d

 !
 jiàn yì, Wáng jcnglh, tíche

Exercise 4 Translate the following into Chinese: a

Having found out the real reason behind this matter, I then said to him: ‘It wasn’t your fault.’ b Even if I have a lot of money, I would not buy such a thing. c Children growing up in the countryside are generally very hard-working. d He had absolutely no idea that she could speak Chinese.

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:8)


 ! Shpnqvng grngzuò Applying for a job Zhang Lan is preparing for a job interview with an American company in Beijing. She asks her American friend Jane for help.

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| Unit 8: Work

ZHANG LAN

&#g 4 ^ « £ HkPs&M} ± # § i j - # l # $£ * ! ^fi-I# ? -St*CftJiilIii!h**hB£-£gHIi!jH3g«ii ° JUfWft)

JANE

£ $ E *

ZHANG LAN

±#

ZHANG LAN JANE

° inft«?ffi*7W® ' S S f f i f t W i & f t * * ° ° W^fPfiStfjfiM ° f£# °

(a few minutes later .. . ) JANE

ZHANG LAN JANE

ZHANG LAN

JANE

ffiffiWiRlffi

° R T W J l ^ f t W ^ J t t S S ' tb£ni:3$SR3p

IP - f l l l i c ^ i c t f f i ^ i f Jl ' &$&■ ? M ^ I ^ i l A - ffi±iijf Eft® - fft#tt *«?&*! ii&' ° «?WiSL*SH7 ° *n*8*SMiit ' SgffJS!«$I* a|5]j

° ffiftSil !

Dialogue in pinyin ♦ ZHANG LAN JANE ZHANG LAN

JANE ZHANG LAN

Zhennf, jTntian wo zài ((Beijing Wanbào)) shàng kàn dào yTfèn gongzuò, wo xiang shenqlng. Shì shénme gongzuò? YT jia zhù JTng de Meiguó bànshìchu xuyào yT mfng jTngIT zhùlT jian fanyì. Suoyou de shenqlng cáiliào bìxu yòng YTngwén. NT néng bangzhù wo xiugai yTxià wode jianlì hé shenqlng xìn ma? Dangrán key!. Rúguo nl dàilái le dehuà, wo xiànzài jiù key! gei nl kànkan. Tàibàngle. Cáiliào dou zài wode bao IT. Gei nl.

(a few minutes later ... ) JANE

Jianlì méi you wèntf. Key! jiashàng nlde xìngqù àihào, blrú huì tán gang qfn shénme de. Shenqlng xìn ITyìnggai shuomíng nl wéishénme rènwéi zìjl néng zuòhao zhè fèn gongzuò.

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| 129

ZHANG LAN

Nà, tamen huì bù huì juéde wo bù qianxu, zài chuTniú?

JANE

Yàoshì laoban shì Meiguórén, nl tài qianxu dehuà, ta huì rènwéi nl méi you zìxìnxTn.

ZHANG LAN

NTde jiànyì tài baoguì le. Rúguo wo nádào miànshì, hái yào zài máfán nl bangzhù zhunbèi.

JANE

Méi wèntí. Zhù nl haoyùn!

Vocabulary ♦

®m

Zhpnní

Jane

teffi

w t n bào

evening news

®

fèn

(measure word for a copy of

*il ££

shpnqvng

to apply for; application

zhù Jqng

to be stationed in Beijing

**

bànshì chx

office; agency

giian

jqnglv zhùlv

assistant manager

m

jian

simultaneously (hold two or more jobs

um

cáiliào

materials

f#3£

xisgti

to polish; to amend

mm m%... wis

jitnlì

curriculum vitae

rúguw . . . de huà

if

bao

bag

jioshàng

to a d d

tán gongqín

to play the piano

WB iA*

shurmíng

to explain

rènwéi

to think; to consider

&* *&

chuqniú

to boast; be boastful

ltobtn

boss

m%

yàoshì

if

§•«'

zìxìnxqn

confidence

■MM

btoguì

precious

mm mm

nádào

to have got

máfán

to trouble

zhù nv h t o yùn

to wish you good luck

newspaper)

& jp±

%>mw

mmfe

at the same time)

Additional useful words

m^

qiúzhf xìn

job application letter

*«A

shpnqvng rén

applicant

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Unit 8: Work

tuqjiàn xìn yìng pìn grngzq niánxqn

reference letter; reference to apply for a vacancy salary annual salary

Language points ♦ 8.6

Use of


(shénmede)

This is a colloquial expression meaning ‘things like that’ or ‘etc.’. It is always placed at the end of a sentence. For example:
 !!"#$%&'( To xvhuon huàhuà, tiàowx shénmede. She likes drawing, dancing, things like that./She likes things like drawing and dancing.

8.7 Conditional sentences

(Audio 2:9)

In English, most conditional sentences are introduced by ‘if’. In Chinese, they can be introduced by

K K K

(rúguw . . . dehuà). For example:
 !"#$%&'(')*+,,+$-./0 Rúguw nv ywu shíjion dehuà, néng bù néng bongzhù ww kànkan wwde shpnqvng xìn? If you have the time, will you please help me check my application letter? Very often, especially in spoken Chinese, you can either omit
 (rúguw) or
 (dehuà). For example:
 !"#$%&'
() Nv xvhuon dehuà, ww jiù sòng gui nv le. If you like it, I’ll give it to you.
 !!"#$%&'(#)*+,Rúguw míngtion tionqì bù hto, wwmen jiù bù qù Cháng Chéng le. If the weather is not good tomorrow, we won’t go to the Great Wall. Please note that
(jiù) is used to mean ‘then’, and
(le) is used to indicate the change of state (i.e. if the condition is satisfied, there will then be a change of state).

Unit 8: Gdngzuò

| 131

Conditional sentences can also be introduced by §UH . . . S^jiS (yàoshì... dehuà), which is more colloquial. Like the other phrase, either §UH (yàoshì) or E^S (dehuà) can be omitted. For example: Yàoshì ni dà nián chu yl bù zhí ban, yldìng dào wo jia lái chi fàn. If you are not on duty on Chinese New Year’s Day, you must come to our house for a meal.

Culture notes Work unit The term danwei (^Mx work unit) was used before the 1980s to refer to the organisation one worked for - be it factory, shop, school, or government department. Each work unit was respon­ sible for its employees’ housing, medical care and work after retirement. Some had their own nurseries and schools. This term is still used in China amongst people over 50.

Working hours In mainland China, working hours are mostly 8am to 6pm, with a 2-hour lunch break.

Exercises Exercise 5 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate word from the vocabulary list for Dialogue 1:

a mmXMT-mt > m^mwn

—T

W6 yòng Zhongwén xie le yl feng xìn, ni néng bù néng bang wo ylxi à ? Xiao Wáng de Ylngwén bù zenme hao, què______ Ylngwén feicháng hao.

shuo zìji

132

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|

Unit 8: Work

^ Zhang laoshi ye xiang canjia zánmen Xingqiliù de jùhuì, qing zài míngdan shàng tade míngzì.

d Ta hen you zìxìnxln, kendìng néng e

NT juéde wo yìnggai

zhè fèn gongzuò.

jingll zhùli de gongzuò ma?

Exercise 6 Below is a job advertisement. Read it first and then answer the ques­ tions in English:

m ° x>mMA^xn > wa^* ° ^m®#wwi

ft ^ A M J * * ^ ^ ^ ° ^ j g ^ f e : Efe^ffff : [email protected] ; J t j f e i h : ^ f t f f l « 1 0 6 ^ - « M it> m ■ 100081 o

Huáxià Túshuguan jí xu yl míng túshu guanliyuán. Fùzé Ylngwén shují de mùlù zhengbian. CI rén bìxu chí dàxué wénpíng, jingtong Ylngwén. You xìngqù zhe qing jiang shenqlng xìn hé gèrén jianlì jì gei LI Fang. Liánxì bànfa: Diànzi xìnxiang: [email protected]; Tongxùn dìzhl: Beijing Xiàngyáng Dong Lù 106 Hào Huáxià Túshuguan, Yóubian: 100081

a b c d

Who is the employer? What is the nature of the job? What are the requirements? To whom should the application letter be addressed?

Exercise 7 Link each pair of the sentences into one conditional sentence using either tUW: ■ ■ ■ Wi§ (rúguo . . . dehuà) or HJH. . . E^S (yàoshì... dehuà):

Unit 8: Gdngzuò

| 133

i


 !"#$% Nh zhège zhdumò yiu kòng.

ii


 !"#$%& Wimen ycqh qù kàn diànyhng.

b i


 !"#$% Nh néng dú ding zhè bgn she.

ii


 !"#$% Wi jiù bf ta sòng ggi nh.

c


 !"#$%& Nh bù xhhuan zhège gdngzuò.

ii


 !"#$%& Wéishénme bù huàn gè gdngzuò?


 !"# Nh guòfèn qianxe.

ii


 !"#$%&'() Lfobfn huì rènwéi nh méi yiu zìxìnxcn.

a

i

d i

Listening comprehension

(Audio 2:10)


 Huàn grngzuò Changing job James works in Beijing. He’s going somewhere today in a taxi, and has started a conversation with the taxi driver. You will hear a dialogue between James and the driver. Try not to read the script. Bear the following questions in mind whilst listening to the dialogue and try to answer them afterwards: 1
 !"#$%&'()*+ Zhègè scjc cóngqián shì zuò shénme gdngzuò de? 2
 !"#$% Ta wéishénme huàn gdngzuò? 3
 !"#$%&' Ta mgitian gdngzuò jh gè xifoshí? 4
 !"#$%&!'()*+,-./01 Ta xiànzài de gdngzuò hé cóngqián de bh, yiu shénme dìfang bù ycyàng?

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| Unit 8: Work

Vacancy page of a local paper

Key words ♦ You may find the following words useful in understanding the dialogue:

%mn ?f*

ffilE

nm

MS

jiàoyù bù koichp bàozhv si jT

línghuó

Ministry of Education to drive newspaper driver flexible

Script in characters ♦ JAMES

fWffl^T^aT ?

DRIVER

,RW^£

JAMES

Ml!M^ttfi-&I#W ?

DRIVER

*n*iltfa ' #nTt^tilB ° SMIufilicWfP*^#?f $ M # J S I B $ - ^ i 3 t ± S J i * ^ i ft ° SfiffiSE±*Sia > Mtiffl$

^ a s i ^ i m ' iffMMffi -ffimimbnaJiiirtfjii° a

JAMES DRIVER

H * 7 ° SffilfEJBUHlffltb ' J i ^ J U t - * ? JiW ^i3t SRTW S B & £ - ^ I # £ d M v h B f t b 8 ift

JAMES DRIVER JAMES

fJ?-^I#££MvJ\Bj ? H*+>M\BJ ° gH^^^^HiM ?

DRIVER

S*^±;f £ ° * « A + £ ^ m °

JAMES

J H Q I ^ / W A ^ °

Script in pinyin ♦ JAMES

NT kai chuzuche kai le duo jiu le?

DRIVER

ZhTyou liang nián duo. Cóngqián nl shì zuò shénme gongzuò de? Rúguo gàosù nl, nl kenéng bù xiangxìn. W o cóngqián zài jiàoyù bù wèi ITngdao kaiche. Zhende? Nà, wèishénme huàn le zhè gè gongzuò? YuányTn hen duo, búguò zhuyào shì tài bù zìyóu. W o zài bàozhl shàng kàndào zhè ge chuzuche gongsT zài zhaopìn sTjT, gongzuò shfjian línghuó, érqie gongzT bl wo cóngqián de gao. Wo biàn shenqlng le. Xiànzài de gongzuò hé cóngqián de bl, shì bú shì máng yTxie? Shìde, búguò, wo key! zìjl juédlng yT tian gongzuò duo shao gè xiaoshf. BTjiào zìyóu. NT yTban meitian gongzuò duo shao ge xiaoshf? Chàbuduo shí ge xiaoshf. Zhè jia gongsT you duo shao gè gùyuán? WO ye bù tài qTngchu. Dàgài liùshf duo gè sTjT. Shì ma? Shì ge bù xiao de gongsT.

JAMES

DRIVER JAMES DRIVER

JAMES DRIVER JAMES

DRIVER JAMES

DRIVER JAMES

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Unit 9: Transport and environment


 !" Jiaotdng yj huánjìng Transport and environment

9

In this unit, you will learn about: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

the formal passive voice marker
(bèi) informal passive voice markers notional passive voice, i.e. passive voice with no marker use of
(dui, have to)

Text 1

(Audio 2:11)


 !" Zìxíngchp yx qìchp Bikes and cars
 !"#$%&'#$%&()*+
‘
 !
’

 !"#$%&'()&*+,-./012345'()

!"!#$%&'()
*+!$,&,-.")
#
 !" #
$%&'()*+,-./012!(345
 !"#$%&'
() !*'
+,-./ &
 !"#$%&'()*+,-."/012345678
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234

Text 1 in pinyin ♦ Shàng ge shìjì liùshí niándài, qcshí niándài, Zhdngguó bèi chbng wéi ‘zìxíngchb wángguó’. Nà ge shíhòu jche méi yiu scjia chb, zìxíngchb shì dàdudshù rén de zhjyào jiaotdng gdngjù, zìxíngchb bh qìchb dud dedud. Shàng ban de rén yào qí chb, xjdud shàng

Unit 9: Jiaotdng yj huánjìng

| 137

Traffic jam in a Chinese city Photographer: Jian Miao

xué de xuésheng ye dei qí che. Youxie rén jia mei rén dou you yi liàng zìxíngche. Xiànzài qíngkuàng bùtóng le, sljia che hé chuzuche yuè lái yuè duo, lùmiàn shàng de qìche ye jiù yuè lái yuè duo. Qìche shùliàng zengjia dàilái de liang dà hòuguo shì: jiaotong dusè

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Unit 9: Transport and environment

hé kongqì wuran. Zhè shì Zhongguó chéngshì mùqián jíxu jiejué de Hang gè yánzhòng wèntí, tèbié shì zài Beijing hé qíta ylxie dà chéngshì.

Vocabulary ♦ ft$ mi /x+

!

® Eg

am !

JI*

"kkWA

±M £M

Situ

!

S§® tiJit SIM

tiJP

am

5iM ^

! !

MrfT

gfu Ml MX FM

qìchp shìjì liùshf niándài

jThu sqjio chp dàdurshù zhxyào jiootrng grngjù lùmiàn shàng yujiù shùliàng zpngjio hòuguw

vehicle; car century 60s (as in 1960s) (passive marker) kingdom at that time nearly private cars majority main; major means of transport on the road therefore amount; quantity increase; to increase consequence

jiootrng dxsè krngqì w s r t n chéngshì mùqián jí x s jiujué yánzhòng

traffic jam air pollution city at the moment; currently urgently need to resolve serious

bèi wángguó nà ge shi'hòu

Additional useful words

&m

cúnchp chù

bike park

1?* Sil

tíngchp chtng jiootrng jvng rénxfng héngdào qvng-wù-xq-yon xián-rén-mian-jln jvngchá mótur chp

car park traffic police pedestrian crossing No smoking No entry police; policeman motorbike

Afff

! if^ ! fflA^ !

■H

J»ffi

Unit 9: Jiaotdng yj huánjìng

| 139

Language points ♦ 9.1

Formal passive voice marker

In Unit 8 (Language point 8.2), we saw the use of passive marker EEztt (yóu). In Text 1 above, M (bèi) is used as a passive marker to signal that the subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action. The initiator of the action can be revealed immediately after M (bèi) or often left unstated. For example:

lit.

Tade bìng bèi Wáng dàifu zhì hao le. his illness [marker] Dr Wang cured He was cured by Dr Wang.

ffi^fT^ lit.

$

ft 7

Tade zìxíngche bèi tou le. his bike [marker] stolen His bike was stolen (we don’t know who did it).

Please see 9.3 and 9.4 below for other types of passive voice.

9.2 Use of ^ (dei, ‘have to’) flf (dei) is used in colloquial speech to mean ‘have to’. It must be followed by another verb. For example: JIntian nà tiáo lù duche, wo dei qí che qù shàng ban. That road is blocked by traffic today. I’ve got to cycle to work. flf (dei) is never used in negative sentences. To negate flf (dei), we use 7iKN (bú bì), 7 7 1 (bú yòng). For example:

mmMmmm > 7 * ^ * ^ 7 ° Women jia lí zhè hen jìn, bú bì zuò gonggòng qìche. As our house is very close to here, there’s no need to take a bus.

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Unit 9: Transport and environment

Culture notes Noise pollution In mainland China, drivers sound their horns simply to announce their arrival or to tell the cyclists or pedestrians to give way. So you can imagine how bad the noise level is. The government is tackling this problem, and some cities have begun to give penalties to people who abuse the use of horns.

Traffic police At many road junctions, the traffic lights do not work properly, so instead you see traffic police standing on a raised platform in the middle of the road, directing traffic.

Exercises Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate word from the vocabulary list for Text 1:

a ^©KE'

iS't'iiPW—'SSSfT^P °

Zài women ban,

b

^ ^ M ^ .

>

meigèrén dou you yl Hàng zìxíngche.

FdgilffT -

Jlnnián de bìyèsheng,

yljing zhaodào gongzuò le.

Jìn ji nián zài Zhongguó de chéngshì, sljia che de shùliàng dàdà le. Zài miànshì zhong tài qianxu de ni méi you zìxìnxln.

e m^mnrm > mm±&m

kenéng shì biérén yiwéi

-

Zhègè wèntí hen yánzhòng, jí xu Wáng jlngli lái

.

Unit 9: Jiaotdng yj huánjìng

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Exercise 2 Turn the following sentences/phrases into the passive voice using
(bèi): a


 !"# ‘
 !!’
Tóngxuémen chbng ta wéi ‘rèxcn de mama’.

b
 !"#$% Xifo dìdi nòng huài le diànhuà. c


 !"#$ Ta xùn le wi yc dùn.

d
 !"#$%&'( Hgndud rén zhcdào le tade mìfang.

Exercise 3 Translate the following into Chinese: a

We are going to the Great Wall early tomorrow morning. I’ve got to go to bed early tonight. b You don’t have to cycle to school. You decide yourself. c There are a lot more female students than male students in my school. d I can’t believe it. All the dumplings were eaten by my elder brother!

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:13)


 !"#$ Qí zìxíngchp de htochù The benefits of riding a bike Mike works in Beijing. He has a car, but he cycles to work. His Chinese colleague Lin Mei asks him why. LIN MEI MIKE


 !"#$%&'()*
 !"#$
%&'()*+,-./01&234
 !"#$%&'(#)*+,,-./0123%&
 !"#$%&'()*+,-.

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| Unit 9: Transport and environment

LIN MEI MIKE

SfcH!: ° ^ S - T f f i H M ^ ^ H < = i f f i M ^ f e t b ^ T ^ ' * 8 8 T i l ° M^Sfitf'W^fi

LIN MEI

m^MM ° SiA^Jl&Jft &&PB$I&$$ ' ffiil»ifr$ > #M£»$Affi#££ffiJI6 °

MIKE

A#

° thin - m^xm^m^m ° mm$M%-^w,mm

LIN MEI

Wil

' IHij£i$#M$±ffi ° ftifi - Stfjfrfii|fln7

Dialogue 1 in pinyin ♦ LIN MEI MIKE

Màikè, nlwèishénme bù kaiche shàng ban? YuányTn henduo. Zhuyào yuányTn shì, wo zhù de If zánmen bàngongshì bù yuan, qfche zhlxu shíwu fenzhong, ke kaiche dehuà, zhè tiáo lù chángcháng dusè. YouyTcì, wo kaiche lái shàng ban, jiéguo jiào che gei du le yT gè duo xiaoshf.

Unit 9: Jiaotdng yj huánjìng

LIN MEI MIKE

LIN MEI

MIKE

LIN MEI

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Zhè dào ye shì. Búguò, xiàyu shf qf che bú tài fangbiàn. Hao zài Beijing qìhòu bljiào ganzào, bù chángcháng xiàyu. Cóng huánjìng baohù de jiaodù láishuo, zìxfngche bù xiaohào néngyuán, bù wuran huánjìng. WO wánquán tóngyì. Wo rènwéi zhèngfu yTnggai xiànzhì sTjia che, tfchang qf zìxfngche, bìngqie gei qfcherén tfgòng anquán cuòshT. Tài duì le. BTrú, qfcherén de zhuanyòng chedào. Wo qf che de lìng yT gè yuányTn shì wèile duànliàn shentl. Fouzé gongzuò nàme máng, méi you shfjian duànliàn shentl. YOu dàoll, wo ye yTnggai kaolu qf che shàng ban. Zuljln, wode tlzhòng zengjia le bù shao.

Vocabulary ♦ ^£ iM H& Tif

)k...nm EFi*

U$P )!$£ fll£

WM MM

si %%■$+ JS$

%±

mm

i?m

%T SM #ji

wm

!

!

Màikè zhxyào qìhòu gonzào cóng . . . jiaodù láishuo huánjìng btohù xioohào néngyuán zhèngfx xiànzhì tíchong qíchprén tí gòng onquán cuòshq zhuonyòng chpdào wèile fwuzé kaolu tvzhòng

Mike main climate dry looking from the angle of . . . ; in terms of . . . environment, environmental protection, preservation to consume, to use up energy government to restrict to promote; to advocate cyclist to provide safety; safe measures specially designated/reserved lane for; in order to otherwise to consider weight

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Language points ♦ 9.3 Notional passive voice In Chinese this is the most common form of passive voice where no passive marker is used. Or we can treat the sentence as having the passive marker omitted. For example:

f5]M lit.

fflte

7°

Wèntí jiejué le. problem solve [past marker] The problem has been solved.

Based on our knowledge of the world, the problem cannot solve itself, so it must be a passive. Although it is grammatically correct to say f5]M§ft?$!:T (wèntí bèi jiejué le), it is not commonly used. Another way of looking at a notional passive is to treat it as a ‘topiccomment’ sentence. It is an explanatory comment on a situation. 9.4

Informal passive markers

In spoken Chinese, the more formal passive marker M (bèi) is often replaced by ih (ràng), BJ-f (jiào), ¥a (gei) or i h . . . In (ràng . . . gei), BJ-I . . . Ici (jiào . . . gei). When these markers are used, there must be an initiator of the action either clearly specified or vaguely specified. For example: SWfT^ ifc « xmm i Shoudào le érzi de diànzi yóujiàn, tài jldòng le!

iv -n^jii^m

° mmmM> m%\m,m

Yl-shí-bàn-huìr shuo bù qlng. NT dào wo jia lái, wo gei ni yanshì ylxià, ni jiù míngbái le.

Exercise 8 Link the following two parts into one sentence using flf (de) and then translate the sentence into English: Examples:

MUMJLft : ^ ^ n g i S g W ^ T ° Ta zuìjìn hen lèi; ta chángcháng bù chlfàn jiù shuìjiào le.

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 !"##$%&'()*+ To zuìjìn lèi de chángcháng bù chqfàn jiù shuìjiào le. She is so tired recently that she often goes to bed without eating anything. a


 !"#
$%&'()*+, Jiàndào le dud nián bù jiàn de hfo péngyou, wi tài jcdòng le;
 !"#$ wi shud bùche huà lái.

b
 !"#$%&'()* Ná dào le zhè fèn gdngzuò, wi hgn gaoxìng;
 !"#$% wi hfo jh wfn méi shuì hfo jiào. c


 !"#$ Ta zhè jh tian hgn máng;
 !"#$% ta méi yiu shíjian chcfàn.

Listening comprehension

(Audio

2:20)


 !" Chá diànzv yóujiàn Checking emails The following conversation is between John and Mingfu who are friends. They are on a postgraduate programme at a university in China. Listen to the dialogue first. Try not to read the script. Afterwards, do the following multiple choice exercises: 1
 !"#$%&'() Míngfù jcntian wèishénme shàng bù lifo wfng? a


 !"#$%& Ycnwèi tade diànnfo huài le.

b


 !"#$%&'() Ycnwèi ta xuéyuàn de fúwùqì huài le.

Unit 10: Diànnao hé hùliánwang

|

165

HJe^o^ff^MS^fffr?

2

Míngfù jlntian wèishénme bìxu chá diànzi yóujiàn? Ylnwèi ta xiang zhldào shìfou nádào yl fèn gongzuò. Ylnwèi ta xiang zhldào shìfou you gongzuò miànshì. Ylnwèi you yl jia gongsl yào ta qù xiu diànnao.

Key words ♦ You may find the following words useful in understanding the dialogue: {#-•ft WdkWt il£n Mk tei'J ?!,#.

xisyixis yuán-lái-rú-cv tongzhT jiàqián shrudào xiooxi

tofixit So that’s how it is! to notify price to receive; to get news (as in ‘good news’)

Script in characters ♦ MINGFU

S# affijfeiWT - M^t£fi?Sf§-f§ ?

JOHN

mmt ° mmmm&m^. °

MINGFU

±ffiffiT !

(after checking the computer... JOHN

MINGFU JOHN

MINGFU

)

Hjg a#WjfeifS#f+:M5]lS ° ^Jf+^MWT ? mmUmM±.M > ^JM±^7 ° mm SPMH^«WIg##§^^tf§ M^ltfc ! l E ^ s t ^ T ° nJ&n^'&M&n&l^Mflr '

JOHN fa $CMffilSAfPg?Ei7H7K > » n m M T J l S A A H f m^mmxtsoftW TTM«AfR7t£/Si±40 ## - S^Jl^fRHf (SI' jia^U^J^jSWM °... J * g ( ( n f W ^ ) ) 2002/3, 64 M (China Youth, Beijing, 2002, Issue 3: 64)

Vocabulary ♦ £F*

gSJ *

—... ft »£>jffi psif&Wft

AP* ?£)ii

5ft TJ^,

huài shì zìzhì lì chà

bad thing power of self-discipline not good

yq . . . jiù . . . xqn fán wangluò shi'dài rénjì goutong jiaowang fong shì

as soon as . . . then troubled internet era human to communicate to interact way; method

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|

*# £#

ttSI

wm

ffia

±... s us KFA

iM itb -5S fiSJ gjR S^M £*

iAiR T3&'i>

Iltt JtL&

$&

mm Rmm g?f

w%

W.'J>

mtn m%. Ma

nn

aiij $&.

m

Unit 10: Computers and the internet

bunshpn zhq fpn jiézhì yvzhìyú bàodào shàng . . . dàng huài rén ywuhài shurmíng cv yqdìng kòngzhì yooqiú shpnshpn de ftnxvng rènshí xiàdìng juéxin xiànzhuàng jiàn xiào jiè chú jiànjìn f t yànwù f t shíxíng zhúbù jianshao lì rú guqdìng chooguò dungdung dádào héshì liàng

itself difference control; be moderate in even; go as far as to report to be tricked by . . . bad people harmful; detrimental to demonstrate; illustrate this (formal) definitely to control to require deep; in depth to reflect to come to understand to have firm determination current situation to take effect; be effective to give up the gradual approach aversion approach to carry out gradual to reduce for example to set; to formulate exceed etc. to reach appropriate amount; quantity

Unit 11: Henycn yj zhnl

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11
 !" Henycn yj zhnl Marriage and children

In this unit, you will learn about: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

Chinese marriages China’s one-child policy wedding expressions complex patterns such as
 K K K
(níng yuàn . . . yu . . . ) differences between
(wèn),
(ràng),
(jiào), and
(qvng)
(bt) sentence

Text 1

(Audio 2:22)


 !"#$ Zuótion hé jqntion de hsnyqn Yesterday and today’s marriage
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234*&56
 !"#$%&'()*+,-)*%./+012345
 !"#$%
&$&'()*+!,")-./012
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./ !"#01/-2
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01*2345*67
 !"#$%&'
()*+,-./012345678
 !"#$%&'()*&+,-./0'("12
 !"#$%&'!()*+,-./D
 !"#$%
 !"#$

Text 1 in pinyin ♦ Zhdngguó céng shì shìjiè shàng líhen ln zuì dc de guójia zhc yc. Zhè ygxj hé chuánting de henycn guanniàn yiu guanxì. Cóngqián,

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Unit 11: Marriage and children

henduo de hunyln shì baobàn hunyln, ye jiù shì shuo: fùmu juédìng ni hé shéi jiéhun. Bùguan ni ài bú ài duìfang, yldàn jié le hun, jiù bìxu bái-tóu-dào-lao. Xuduo fufù shuo tamen shì xian jiéhun zài liàn’ài. Hái you xuduo fufù zài méi you ài de hunyln zhong shenghuó le yl bèizi. Rújln, niánqlng rén zhòngshì àiqíng, zhulqiú xìngfú, bi tamen de zhang bèi làngmàn deduo. Tamen bú yuànyì biérén gei zìji jièshào duìxiàng, ylnwéi nà yàng tài bú làngmàn. Tamen níng yuàn bù jiéhun, ye bú yuàn hé zìji bú ài de rén jiéhun. Jíshi jié le hun, rúguo àiqíng xiaoshì, tamen ye bú yuànyì còuhe zhe guò. Suoyi, líhun lii kaishi zhújiàn shàngsheng.

Vocabulary ♦ i§M t&# iK$|

hunyin shìjiè Ifhun lu

ffi

dT

SM M& $ 1 . . . -S:£

guójia guanniàn hé . . . you guanxl

£ljM£l ^fr

baobàn hunyTn bùguan

li Ji75 —M... ft... &§t3= 3ztB l&^k —iB £□4" ^W A MIS.

ài duì fang yTdàn . . . jiù . . . bái-tóu-dào-lao fufù liàn’ài yT bèizi rújTn niánqTng rén zhòngshì

li'Iff i§3? $H i^il

àiqfng zhuTqiú xìngfú zhang bèi

tll/jt J^M

làngmàn duìxiàng

marriage world divorce rate low country view; concept to have something to do with; to be related to arranged marriage regardless of to love the other person once . . . then . . . grow old together (lit. white hair till old) married couple to fall in love; courtship the whole life nowadays young people to pay attention to; to attach importance to love (noun) to seek after happiness older generations romantic boyfriend or girlfriend

Unit 11: Henycn yj zhnl

^TM ... ■& Y&M

nfngyuàn . . . ye xiaoshì

would rather. . . than to disappear; to disintegrate

M'a FJfW WM\ _t54"

còuhe suoyi zhújiàn shàngsheng

to make do therefore; so gradually to go up; to increase

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Language points ♦ 11.1

Use of T M • • • "til (níng yuàn . . . ye . . . )

In English, when the sentence pattern ‘would rather . . . than . . .’ is used, whatever one does not want to do is put after ‘than’. In Chinese, whatever one does not want to do is also put in the second half after tEl ye but the negation word must be used. For example:

W6 níng yuàn xià gang, ye bú yuàn qù zuò zhèyàng méi you yìsi de gongzuò. I would rather be laid off work than do a boring job like this. The first half of the sentence can also be negated. For example:

W6 níng yuàn bù jiéhun, ye bù hé ta jiéhun. I would rather not marry at all than marry him. If a positive clause follows Hi (ye), the whole meaning changes:

W6 nfngyuàn jinwan bù shuìjiào, ye yào xué huì yòng zhè ge ruanjiàn. I must learn to use this software even if it means no sleep tonight.

11.2

ifc (ni, ‘you’) as general reference

Like in English, jPj\ (ni, you) can be used as general reference (as opposed to specific reference). For example, the sentence in Text 1 above:

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Fùmu juédìng ni hé shéi jiéhun. Parents decide whom you will be married to. 11.3

Verb formation

There is one type of Chinese verb which is formed by a verb and its object. For example: WW (yóuyong, lit. swim a swim —> to swim), iUi tH (zuòfàn, lit. make food —> to cook), JF^P (kaiche, lit. operate a car —> to drive), 'SnWi (jié hun, lit. tie the marriage —> to marry). When modifying this type of verb, the modifying word or phrase is inserted in between the verb and its object. For example:

WT-^fhHmt

(or

WwW-^hH)

yóu le yl ge xiaoshí de yong (or yóuyong yóu le yl ge xiaoshí) swam for an hour

^T-l-^W

(or

W^-l.^)

kai le yl shàngwu de che (or kaiche kai le yl shàngwu) drove for the whole morning

11.4

Use of JJllEf (còuhe, ‘make do’)

It is very much a colloquial expression. When IHllr (còuhe) is used as a verb, it means ‘to make do’; and it is often used together with D (zhe) plus a specific verb. Let us take the sentence from Text 1 as an example:

lit.

Tamen bú yuànyì còuhe zhe guò. they not willing make do [particle] live together They don’t want to just settle for it.

Please note that 0 -f~ (rìzi, life, day) is omitted after j i (guò, to lead, to spend) in the above sentence. j i B (guò rìzi) is a fixed expres­ sion which means ‘to lead a family life’ or ‘to live a life’ depending on the context. i"Hl=r (còuhé) is often used when one tries to be modest and polite:

Wo zuòfàn zuò de bù hao, ni còuhé zhe chl ba. I’m not a good cook. You’ll just have to put up with that and have some.

Unit 11: Henycn yj zhnl

| 173

When it is used as adjective, it means ‘passable’ or ‘just so so’. For example:

Ta zuò de fàn hái còuhe. His cooking is passable.

Exercises Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate word from the vocabulary list for Text 1: a

^BU________JiAiR^EJilitll^ ° Zhongguó shì_ shàng rénkou zuì duo de guójia.

b

S » f T ^ ^ * $ ? ' # Wode zìxíngche bú tài hao, ni méiguanxi.

P G i f f 7 M M zhe qí ba. Qíhuài le ye

ni tóngyì bù tóngyì, wo dou yào hé ta jiéhun. Zhongguó de fùmu tèbié_

e mtmi&m^ Líhun lii dl yexu

háizi de jiàoyù.

mmtmm^

-

chuán tong de hunyln guanniàn

.

Exercise 2 Translate the following phrases into Chinese using the phrase given in brackets (see Language point 11.3): a have married twice (!§#§, jiéhun) b cooked an Italian meal (fSttix, zuòfàn) c had a good sleep (ffiltj;, shuìjiào) d met once ( M B , jiànmiàn)

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Unit 11: Marriage and children

Text 2

(Audio 2:24)


 ! Guonyú zvnz About children
 !"#$%&%'()*#$+&,%('-,%./+
 !"#$%&'()*+,-#./012-3456!
 !"#$%&'()*+ $,-./01234562
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./012345(,67
 !"#$!%&'(#)*+,-./0%12+345
 !"#$

 !"#$%&'()*)+,-./0
 !"

Text 2 in pinyin ♦ Chuánting de guanniàn shì: dud-zh-dud-fú, yìsc shì: háizi yuè dud, fúqì yuè dud. Shbng háizi shiuxian shì wéi le chuán-zdng-jib-dài, suiyh jiù chexiàn le zhòng-nán-qcn-nl de xiànxiàng; qícì shì wéi le lfo nián shí yiu rén zhàogù zìjh, suiyh lfo rén zingshì tóng zhnl zhù zài ycqh. Xiànzài de guanniàn biàn le: yóuyú dúshbng-zhnl zhèngcè, xjdud jiatíng zhh yiu yc gè háizi, suiyh wúlùn nánhái háishì nlhái, tamen ddu shì fùmj de bfobèi. Zài shud, xiànzài de shbnghuó tiáojiàn hfo le, lfo rén bú xiàng cóngqián nàme yckào zhnl, suiyh yuè lái yuè dud de lfo rén yuànyì dúlì shbnghuó.

Vocabulary ♦







 !
 !

guonyú zvnz dur-zv-dur-fú fúqì shpng shwuxion chuán-zrng-jip-dài zhòng-nán-qqn-nz




xiànxiàng

about; on children (lit. son daughter) the more children, the more blessings blessing to give birth to firstly; first of all to continue the family line favour the boy and discriminate against the girl; regard men as superior to women phenomenon

Unit 11: Henycn yj zhnl

mk

^

mm s a^

^±± WM 2cifc...&Ji ■MM

±m&n *m flc«

m&

qícì ltonián shí zhàogù biàn yóuyú dúshpng zvnz zhèngcè wúlùn . . . háishì btobèi shenghuó tiáojiàn bú xiàng yqkào dúlì

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secondly in one’s old age; when getting old to look after to change due to; because of only child policy regardless whether . . . or . . . treasure; sweetheart living condition be not like to rely on independently; independent

Language points ♦ 11.5 • • • N" (shí) is the abbreviated form of. . . Wfl^M (de shíhòu, ‘when . . . ’ ) Both of them are only used in statements (as opposed to questions) to introduce a time-related clause. For example:

Shàng dàxué shí/Shàng dàxué de shíhòu, wo xihuan da wangqiú. When (I was) at the university, I liked to play tennis. 11.6 Use of ^ l £ • • • M i l • • • (wúlùn . . . h á i s h ì . . . ) and > P f . . . & £ . • • (bùguan . . . h á i s h ì . . . ) In terms of the meaning, both of them mean ‘regardless of whether . . . or . . .’. For example:

*i£?cSJiFf^ > ® f p g * * « l f ° Wúlùn qíng tian háishì yu tian, wo dou yào qù kàn wangqiú sài. Regardless whether it is a sunny or rainy day, I’ll go to watch the tennis match. We can replace ^ife (wúlùn) with ^Hf (bùguan):

Bùguan qíng tian háishì yu tian, wo dou yào qù kàn wangqiú sài.

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JEJH (háishì) can be omitted from both patterns if we have ‘verb + ^F bu' or ‘ S méi + the same verb’. For example, in Text 1, we have seen the phrase ^ U f l i ^ F i i X l l ' y ^ ' (bùguan ni ài bú ài duìfang, re­ gardless of whether or not you love the other person). Let us see two other examples:

Wúlùn ni xihuan bù xihuan, wo dou yào shuo. Regardless of whether you like it or not, I’m going to say it. Bùguan ni jiéhun méi jiéhun, wo dou yào shuo. Regardless of whether or not you are married, I’m going to say it.

Culture notes One-child policy The one-child policy was adopted in 1979 by the Chinese gov­ ernment as an attempt to control the population. Prior to that, the government had already adopted a series of policies to encourage later marriage, later pregnancies and fewer births, all of which paved the way for the one-child policy. However, it was still strongly resisted by the people, especially people in the rural areas. People in cities gradually get used to it, or have to get used to it as there are heavy financial penalties for having a second child. Recently, the policy has been relaxed and some provinces allow people in the countryside to have a second child if the first one is a girl. Kinship terms Kinship terms are very complex in Chinese. Age and sex always play an important role. For example: WW (gpge, elder brother), &1$1 (jiujie, elder sister), %% (dldi, younger brother), fcfcfcfc (mèimei, younger sister). In families with only one child, the child has no brothers and sisters any more. But one still can hear a Chinese child talking about his/her elder sister or brother. They actually use those terms to refer to their cousins now. One of the reasons might be that they want to be close to their cousins

Unit 11: Henycn yj zhnl

| 177

as they are the only child. Also, it may have something to do with the fact that the Chinese terms for cousins are too complex. The English term ‘cousin’ can be translated into eight different terms in Chinese depending on the age, sex and the side of the family the cousin belongs to. Please see the table below: táng gb

£W

táng dì

^m táng jig

%m táng mèi llifcfc

elder, male, child of father’s brothers

biao ge

mw

younger, male, child of father’s brothers

bifo dì

elder, female, child of father’s brothers

biao jie

younger, female, child of father’s brothers

m%

mm biao mèi Mffi.

elder, male, child of mother’s brothers or sisters or of father’s sisters younger, male, child of mother’s brothers or sisters or of father’s sisters elder, female, child of mother’s brothers or sisters or of father’s sisters younger, female, child of mother’s brothers or sisters or of father’s sisters

Imagine in a few years’ time when these only children become parents, as they don’t have brothers and sisters themselves, their children will have no cousins! What will happen to the kinship terms?

Exercise 3 Translate into Chinese: a b

Regardless of whether you are an elderly person or child, every­ body must take this medicine. When driving, one should not use a mobile phone.

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c When I was in China, my Chinese was much better than it is now. d Because it is a present from you, I’ll treasure it regardless of whether it is expensive or inexpensive.

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:26)


 Hsnlv Wedding Lao Wang and Lao Liu are neighbours. Lao Wang and his wife have only one daughter who is getting married. Lao Liu is asking about the wedding arrangements: LAO LIU LAO WANG LAO LIU


 !"#$%&'()*+,
 !"#$%&'()*+,-$%.$/012
 !"#$%&'()*
 !"#$%&'()*

Double happiness www.istock.com

Unit 11: Henycn yj zhnl

LAO WANG LAO LIU MM ' LAO WANG

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mmmmn^-^mmm®c £ * ° HaSMSmtitllSti: ' &Bifc c

JTFUJ

Dialogue 1 in pinyin ♦ LAO LIU LAO WANG

LAO LIU LAO WANG LAO LIU LAO WANG

NTmen shénme shíhòu gei baobèi nu’ér bàn xlshì? Benlái zhunbèi dà nián chu yT bàn de, ke bù qiao ta cóng chu yT dào chu san zài yTyuàn zhí ban. ZhT hao ba hunlT tuTchí dào shíwu. Zhèyàng ye hao, xian guò nián zài bàn xl shì. Dào shíhòu nlmen liang kouzi yTdìng yào lái he xljiu. Xièxie, yTdìng lái. Rúguo xuyào women bangmáng, jlnguan shuo. Haode.

Vocabulary ♦ ■h-m

bàn xvshì

** ^15 RW

bunlái zhv h t o

fiis

tuqchí dào

i'JWt P5P ni«;

litng kwuzi

%m

jvngutn shur

bùqito

dào shfhòu hp xvjix

to get married (lit. sort out a happy event) originally unfortunately to have to to postpone when the time comes married couple to attend the wedding reception (lit. drink happy wine) to feel free to let us know

Additional useful words jià

to marry (a man)

qx

to marry (a woman)

§f 615 §f*a

xqnláng

bridegroom (lit. new man)

xqnniáng

bride (lit. new woman)

5tA

zhàng rén

father-in-law (wife’s father)

t.m

zhàngmx niáng

mother-in-law (wife’s mother)

m m

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HH ■&•&

pópo gonggong

mother-in-law (husband’s mother) father-in-law (husband’s father)

JL&!

ér xffu

daughter-in-law

izM

nu xù

son-in-law

Language points ♦ 11.7

^ U

(bàn xi shì)

Literally, it means ‘to sort out/organise a happy event’. Actually, it can mean ‘to get married’ or ‘to organise one’s wedding’. The emphasis is on the organisation of the event. For example:

Sttfttl!*7S»» W6 mèimei shàng ge yuè bàn le xi shì. My younger sister got married last month.

Mt mmim^)

L&W* ?

Ni shénme shíhòu gei nide nii'ér bàn xi shì? you when for your daughter organise happy event When is your daughter’s wedding?

lit.

Chinese weddings inevitably consist of an elaborate sit-down ban­ quet. B§S (he xi jiu, lit. drink happy wine) is a colloquial way of saying ‘to attend a wedding reception’. For example:

Xiao Wáng míngtian jiéhun, ta qing wo qù he xi jiu. Xiao Wang is getting married tomorrow. He’s invited me to attend his wedding reception.

11.8

JE (ba) sentence

In Language point 4.9 of Unit 4, we introduced fE (ba) when it is used in sentences where the object of the main verb is either some­ thing tangible or a person. fE (ba) can also be used in sentences where the object of the main verb is a definite event or something intangible. For example:

W6 juédìng ba hunli tuichí dào bayuè fèn. I’ve decided to postpone the wedding until August.

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 !"#$%&'()*+, To bt qù Zhrngguó grngzuò de dtsuàn gàosù le ww. He told me his plan of going to work in China.

11.9

Use of


(dào . . . shíhòu)

This phrase can be used at the beginning of a sentence to mean ‘when the time comes . . .’ if the context makes it clear what this time refers to. For example: A:


 !"#$% Nv shénme shíhòu jiéhsn? When are you getting married?

B:


 !" Hái méi juédìng. Not decided yet.

A:


 !"#$%&'() Dào shíhòu, nv yqdìng yào trngzhq ww. When the time comes, you must let me know.

If this time needs to be specified, simply insert a verbal phrase plus
(de) in between
(dào) and
 (shíhòu). For example:

lit.



 !


 ! "#$ Dào dàxué bìyè de shíhòu, ww jiù èrshí’èr suì le. arrive university graduate [de] time, I will be 22 When I graduate/By the time I graduate, I’ll be 22.

Dialogue 2

(Audio 2:28)


 ! Bùzhì xqn fáng Decorating the bridal chamber Lao Wang and his wife, Ying, are decorating their daughter’s new flat for her. This is the house the newly-weds will live in after they get married: YING LAO WANG YING


 !"#$%&'()*+,!&'-./
 !"#$%&' !()*+,-.

!

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(a little later... ) LAO WANG YING LAO WANG YING LAO WANG YING

ft* ! $ £ I P J L ? fi?JGifflai>h*ll:fEffi*&S*a* - S*Sc° ft ° #7 ' MM^*WlH*5RSjrf^^l!liJJL*7 ? M§aJH£±# ° PI - E# ! g'MSJf i ± # i * £ - ^ f i - HSI57 ! S ^ W * * ^ #ifc® !

Dialogue 2 in pinyin ♦ YING LAO WANG

Lao tóuzi, zuótian wo ràng nl mai yT shù méiguThua, nl mai le ma? Zaogao! Wo ba zhè jiàn shì wàng le! Wo xiànzài mashàng

YING

qù mai. Kuài qù kuài huf.

(a little later... ) LAO WANG YING LAO WANG YING LAO WANG YING

Hua lái le! Fàng zài nar? NT shùnshou ba nà ge shuTjTng huapfng gei wo ná guòlái, wo lái fàng. Xíng. Duì le, nl mèimei sònglai de nà ge shuang xl jianzhl dào nar qù le? NT zhuan guò shen wang shàng kàn. Hei, zhen bàng! Zhè ge xTn fáng ràng nl zhème yT bùzhì, gèng piàoliàng le! Háishì wode lao tóuzi huì shuohuà!

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Vocabulary ♦ ftl Ufa %^ S

im&

m

Ii¥ TKffl M

*a* m mn mm.

mmjuj

na# a±* m K#

#mi

bùzhì

to decorate

xqn fáng l t o tóuzi

bridal chamber (lit. new room) old man (affectionate term used by one’s wife) bunch rose to put on passing crystal vase to bring over to give something as present double happiness paper-cut where has it gone to to turn (the body) over to look upward gosh! wonderful to know how to ‘sweet talk’ people

shù méiguqhuo fàng shùnshwu shuvjqng huopíng ná guòlái sòng shuong xv jitnzhv dào n t r qù le zhutn guò shpn w t n g shàng kàn hpi zhpn bàng huì shurhuà

Language points ♦ 11.10 Differences between fRJ (wèn), i t (ràng), BH (jiào), and ill (qing) In English, the verb ‘ask’ can be used in ‘to ask (someone) a question’ and ‘to ask someone to do something’, but in Chinese, different verbs are used. |5] (wèn) is only used to ask a question or ask about something. For example: ®tM£f5]#—tf5]gg ? Wo néng bù néng wèn ni yl gè wèntí? Can I ask you a question? If you ask someone to do something, you must use ih/M-l (ràng/jiào). For example:

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Wo méi you ràng/jiào ni zuò zhè jiàn shì. I didn’t ask you to do this. Tit (qing) is normally used either when the person you ask to do the task is your senior, or you want to make it obvious that the other person is doing you a big favour. It is a politeness expression. For example:

mm mmmmrn^^- ° W6 qing wode jiùjiu jiao wo kaiche. I asked my uncle to teach me to drive.

11.11

More on the JE (ba) sentence

One of the requirements of the fE (ba) sentence is that the main verb must be followed by another word indicating the result of the main verb (see 4.9 of Unit 4). The particle 7 (le) can be placed after certain verbs to indicate the change of state (i.e. the result of the main verb). Take the verbs $Z (mài, to sell), 7B (wàng, to forget) for example. is"T (mài le) becomes ‘have sold’ and 7s;7(wàng le) becomes ‘have forgotten’. For example:

W6 ba zánmen jia de nà Hang hóng che mài le. I’ve sold that red car of ours. W6 ba zhè jiàn shì wàng le. I’ve forgotten about this matter. We can re-write the above two sentences and leave fE (ba) out of them without changing the meaning:

mmmitimmmK^ ° W6 mài le zánmen jia de nà Hàng hóng che. Wo wàng le zhè jiàn shì. However, fE (ba) must be used with some verbs such as W. (fàng, put), W. (bai, put, arrange), J± (guà, hang) when indicating the location of an object. For example:

Unit 11: Henycn yj zhnl

| 185

W6 ba huapíng fàng zài chuangtái shàng le. I’ve put the vase on the window-sill. LaoshI ba shìjiè dku guà zài le jiàoshì de qiáng shàng. The teacher has hung the map of the world on the wall of the classroom. 11.12

i t (ràng) as informal passive marker

In Language point 9.4 of Unit 9, ih (ràng) was introduced as an informal passive marker. There is one sentence in Dialogue 2 above where ih (ràng) functions as an informal passive marker:

Zhè gè xln fáng ràng ni zhème yl bùzhì, gèng piàoliàng le! This bridal chamber, having been arranged in this way by you, is even more beautiful! 11.13

5|t (lái) in ‘^t^iC

(Wo lái fàng)

5^: (lái) here is not a verb. It functions as a tone softener. By putting it in front of a verb it makes the sentence sound less like an order and as a result more friendly. For example:

®*

> mtM-r °

W6 lái kai, ni xiuxi ylxià. Let me drive. You have a rest. What follows 5fs (lái) tends to be a single-syllable verb. If it is a double-syllable verb, or if the verb takes an object, the object is usually omitted as the context makes it redundant. For example: A wife is doing the cooking in the kitchen, the husband comes in and says: W6 lái zuò (fàn), ni qù kàn diànshì ba. Let me do the cooking. You go and watch some TV.

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Culture notes Double-happiness character By putting two characters of ‘happiness’ ( 8 , xT) together, a symbol of ‘double-happiness’ is formed: 8 8 . This symbol is only used for weddings. Wedding colours The wedding colour is red. The traditional Chinese wedding dress for a bride is bright red, and the bridegroom wears a red flower. Nowadays, there are more and more Western-style white satin wedding dresses. Married women Nowadays, Chinese women keep their own surnames after the marriage. So it is really not appropriate to put the title ‘Mrs’ in front of a married Chinese woman’s surname. In the old days, women used to change to their husbands’ surnames after get­ ting married. This practice gradually died out after 1949 when the Communist Party came to power.

Exercises Exercise 4 Listen to or read Dialogue 1 and answer the following questions in Chinese:

a itS^f ? Shéi yào jiéhun?

b m-^m&if^Mm^m? Ta benlái zhunbèi shénme shíhòu jiéhun? Wéishénme tulchí dào shíwu?

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Exercise 5 Find expressions in Dialogues 1 and 2 which mean the following: a b c d e

Wonderful! You turn around and look up. If you need our help, please feel free to let us know. Celebrate the Chinese New Year first and then have the wedding. You two must come to the wedding reception.

Exercise 6 Fill in the gaps using f5] (wèn), ih (ràng), BJ-f (jiào), or if (qing):

NT néng bù néng Zuótian wo

c ® W6

d mm Mama W6

ni mama jie diànhuà. Wáng Píng lái bang wo xiu le ylxià diànnao.

mm^^> ffifL^^^w® ta jiào shénme míngzì, ta jiù shì bú gàosù wo.

sfe^«^° wo ba diànshì guan diào. Zhang laoshl gei wo xiugai ylxià wode jianlì.

Exercise 7 Use fE (ba) to re-write the following sentences:

a ®Sffi»^ Wo wàng le tade míngzì.

b vmW7$:)mpm° Ta bùzhì hao le nii’ér de fángjian. Qing ni ná guò lái nà ge shuang xi jianzhi.

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d
 !"#$%&' !()*+, Xifo Wáng tucchí le tade henlh, tucchí dào jijyuè fèn. e



 !"#$% Nfinai ràng wi dfkai lhwù.

Reading comprehension

(Audio 2:29)


 !"# Ww fùmx de hsnyqn My parents’ marriage Read the following passage and then decide if each of the following statements is true or false: a


 !"#$% &&'(() Cenlh de rén bù xhhuan wide yéye hé nfinai.

b
 !"#$%&'( Fùqcn hé mjqcn jiéhen qián jiàn guò miàn. c


 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0+1 Fùqcn jiéhen de nà tian hgn nánguò, ycnwéi ta zhcdào mjqcn bú ài ta.

d
 !"#$%#&'(!))*+,(-. Jiéhen hòu, fùqcn hé mjqcn cái liàn’ài, mànmàn de yiu le àiqíng. e


 !"#D
 !"#$%&'()* Fùqcn hé mjqcn còuhe zhe guò le yc bèizi, shbnghuó de bú xìngfú.

Key words ♦ You may find the following words helpful in understanding the passage:








!

koimíng nánguò gsniang jvnzhong xìngyùn de shì xiong chx gtnqíng

open; liberal sad girl tense fortunately to get along; to get on affection; emotion; feeling

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| 189

Passage in characters ♦
 !!"#$%&'()*+,-./'.012'3
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./%0!1 !20!3
 !"#$%&'()*+,%-./012345/%6
 !"#$%&"'(#)*+#,-./
0123
 !"#$%&'() *+,-./*/01 234
 !"#$%&'()* ++,-./012-)345
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123$'4567
 !" !#$%&

Passage in pinyin ♦ Wide yéye nfinai bèi dàjia rènwéi shì cenlh zuì kaimíng de rén, kgshì tamen jiù shì bù tóngyì fùqcn zìjh zhfo de duìxiàng, ycdìng yào ràng ta qj wide mjqcn. Fùqcn hé mjqcn jiéhen qián zhh jiàn guò yc miàn, gbnbgn bù lifojig duìfang, gèng bié shud àiqíng le. Fùqcn shud, jiéhen de nà tian, ta hgn nánguò, ycnwéi ta bù néng hé ta ài de geniang jiéhen. Ér mjqcn ne, tade xcn lh yg hgn jhnzhang, ycnwéi ta bù zhcdào fùqcn huì bú huì xhhuan ta. Xìngyùn de shì, tamen jiéhen hòu xiangchj de hgn hfo, mànmàn de yiu le gfnqíng. Ér yiu hgndud hé wi fùmj qíngkuàng ycyàng de rén jiéhen hòu què xiangchj de bù hfo, zài méi yiu ài de henycn zhdng còuhe le yc bèizi, yc bèizi bú xìngfú.

Authentic text

(Audio 2:30)


=‘

’ Rìzi ‘gè guò gè’ Leading one’s own life This text is an extract from an article entitled ‘Leading one’s own life’ published in a Chinese popular youth magazine, Young Generation. The article is about the changes in traditional ways of life. As this is the original text, some sentences are rather complex both in terms of grammar and structure. For the English translation of the text, please see Appendix B on page 262.

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H^‘#a#’ r-m mn^^A^m^-r - :»?:& ft-ffifs#' w * f * T ° ISM • n

s f * ' ffidg#sn##%t^ffia; • }ftS #:¥—ft» , 2004/7, 4H (Young Generation, Beijing, 2004, Issue 7: 4)

Vocabulary ♦ ST #&# A* fl£» £» 5cfk£JS $ffi PW *M

#?r »»;f ^^ f l

m^

*M Ml£

rìzi gè guò gè érnz w t n bèi gòng x i t n g tionlún zhq lè rán’ér zé bùrán fpn koi guò

life to live separately children (lit. son daughter) a generation below (i.e. children) to enjoy . . . together the pleasure of family life however on the other hand be not so; be not like this to lead separate lives

xitngxitng qqngxián

to enjoy the happiness of leisurely and relaxed life old age would rather to contribute financially not willing to to form; to take shape

w t n nián níngyuàn c h s qián búyuàn xíngchéng

Unit 11: Henycn yj zhnl

MR

■KJ8

zhu cúnywu fpnqí cháng qq

common belief; common understanding according to recently investigation; to investigate result to show; to demonstrate financially majority to support sheltering; take shelter house; accommodation to take part in social activity according to strength; strong point to be employed with community must; be bound to be tied down with . . . cooking to look after children household chore frankly; directly to protect and care for one’s health on surface in fact harmful; detrimental to work hard to put in a lot of hard work; to pay at the same time; besides thinking and understanding various; all to have; to exist difference long term

7*£ ?Jf Silt

chtnshpng máodùn yqncv

to produce; to emerge conflict therefore

m

T&m J1S *§m

%w *&m

±ii? £»

s#

ffia

#JD tt#«b

t&s

8-K Slf i±ai !§■&

%...mm 3S4K

ftJT g ^ S M ffitt H® Rg *¥'J $4

rca EW S-iiiR if

&k #6

gòngshí jù jìnqq diàochá jiéguw bitomíng jqngjì shàng dàdru zhqchpng onshpn zhùfáng conjio shèhuì huódòng gpnjù tècháng shòupìn y x shètuán shìbì shòu . . . qionlèi zhxfàn dài háizi jiawù záhuó zhíshuài b t o jiàn bitomiàn shàng qíshí búlì fèn dòu fùchs tóng shí sqxitng rènshi

| 191

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Unit 12: Reform and change

12
 !" Gfigé hé biànhuà Reform and change

In this unit, you will learn about: ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗ ◗

Chinese economic reform township and village enterprises four-character expressions expressing changes and one’s wishes using
 K K K
 (suqrán . . . dànshì, although . . . but) distinguishing between
 (xqnwén, news) and
 (xiooxi, news)

Text 1

(Audio 2:31)


 !"#$ chénggrng de xiongzhèn qvyè Successful township and village enterprise
 !"#$%& '()*+,-./01234567
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01
2345,
 !"#$%&'()*+!,-'./01+23,45
 !"#$%&'()*+,-.+/0123$456
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./01"234567
 !"#$ "%&'()*+, -./0123456
 !"#$%&'()*+(&,-(./0123456
 !
"#$

Text 1 in pinyin ♦ Zhdngguó de jcngjì gfigé dàilái de chénggui zhc yc shì xiang zhèn qhyè. Zuótian, wi canguan le yc jia xiang zhèn qhyè, ggi wi liúxià

Unit 12: Gfigé hé biànhuà

| 193

le hen shen de yìnxiàng. Zhè shì yl jia shengchan pí xié de changjia. Shí nián qián cái chénglì, dang shí zhi you shí ge rén, xiànzài yijlng you Hang bai ge gùyuán le. Tamen shengchan de xiézi kuanshì xlnying, zhíliàng hao, hen shòu xiaofèizhe de huanyíng. Bai fen zhi wushí de chanpin chukou dào shìjiè gè dì. Zhè ge chang chénggong de jlngyàn shì: baozhèng zhíliàng, zhùzhòng kuanshì, zhòngshì xiaofèizhe tí de yìjiàn, bìngqie dìngql zuò shìcháng diàoyán. Tamen chénggong de lìng yl tiáo jlngyàn shì: wúlùn shì jTngli háishì putong gongrén, dàjia píngdeng xiangdài, hù xiang zunzhòng.

Vocabulary ♦ SSfS¥ J£H £« ikilk

ST M

±r &m ru mi Mssmm S&f

rmm

'Sft Fm

tun

#*

mii &W. ffiil

ai

mm ^ii

±u

¥«f#

mm

jqngjì gtigé chéngguw xiong zhèn qv yè liúxià shpn shpngchtn pí xié changjia chénglì kutnshì xqnyvng shòu huonyíng xioofèizhu btifpnzhq chtnpvn chukou gè dì chénggrng jqngyàn

economic reform achievement village and town enterprise; firm; company to leave (behind) deep to produce; production leather shoes factory; firm to set up; to establish original in style be popular (lit. receive welcome) consumer per cent product to export; export various places successful; success experience; good practice; tip

btozhèng zhùzhòng dìngqq pxtrng dàjio píngdung xiongdài zsnzhòng

to guarantee to pay attention to regularly ordinary everybody to treat everyone equally to respect

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Language points ♦ 12.1

Four-character expressions

One of the features of the Chinese language is the use of fourcharacter expressions, especially in written Chinese. Many proverbs and famous sayings consist of four characters. Besides, phonologically, four-character expressions sound more rhythmical and hence are easy to remember. Some of the four-character expressions are fixed such as ^ i l f J ^ (míng-fù-qí-shí, worthy of the name), I J ^ i M (kuanshì xlnying, original in style) and others are more of a loose nature: ^ ^ F fflf\f (píngdeng xiangdài, to treat each other equally), SJfUS. (hùxiang zunzhòng, to respect each other). 12.2 ¥u ■ ■ ■ H J I ^ I K . (gei. . . liúxià yìnxiàng, ‘leave an impression on . . . ’ ) Please note that the sentence order here is different from the equiva­ lent English phrase. In Chinese, one must say ‘on (somebody) leave impression’. For example:

lit.

Zhè bù diànying gei wo nainai liúxià le hen shen de yìnxiàng. this film on my grandmother left very deep impression This film left a very deep impression on my grandmother.

Exercises Exercise 1 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate word from the vocabulary list for Text 1:

a ism^ME^ffrTt-

#j°

Zhè suo Ylngwén xuéxiào shì wu nián qián cái Nà ge xiao zhèn de chuzuche sljl gei wo yìnxiàng. Ta shì yl gè

de. le hen hao de

de gongrén, búguò, tamen gongchang de

Unit 12: Gfigé hé biànhuà

| 195


 !"#$%&'() lhngdfo qùe hgn zhòngshì ta tí de yìjiàn. d
 !"#$%&'(________
Zhè gè chfngjia shbngchfn de pí xié tèbié________. e


 !"#________
 !"#$%&' Ta xuéxí Zhdngwén de________shì: dud hé Zhdngguórén jiaoliú.

Exercise 2 List as many four-character expressions used in this book as you can, and make a sentence using each of them.

Text 2

(Audio 2:33)


 !"#$%&' Yq fpng láizì Zhrngguó nóngcsn de xìn A letter from China’s countryside David is doing a postgraduate degree in Chinese Studies. During one of his fieldwork trips, David visited some villages in the countryside and made friends with Xiaofang’s family. Below is a letter from Xiaofang to David:



!"#$%&'


 !"#$%&'()*+,-%&./)*0,$1

 !"#$%&'(")*+,!-./01234
 !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123'4567
 !"#$%&'"()*+,-./01234*5+,
 !"#$%&'())*(+,-./D
 !"#$
 !"#
–
 !"#
$%&'()*+,-./0
 !"#$%&
'($)*+,-
'./0


!"#$%&!'()*+,-./0
+

 OMMRI=TI=OM

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A vegetable farm Photographer: Kan Yigang

Text 2 in pinyin ♦ Dàwèi:

NT hao! Jìnlái xuéxí máng ma? Hao jiu méi you liánxì. Women jia II biànhuà hen dà, women cun de biànhuà gèng dà. Xian shuoshuo women jia, wo shàng ge yuè jié le hun, zhàngfu zài yl jia xiang zhèn qiyè dang kuàijì. Wo cóng nóngyè yínháng dài kuan bàn le gè liúdòng túshuguan. Meitian zài fùjìn ji ge cun láihuí pao, hen shòu dàjia de huanyíng. Zài nide yingxiang xià, wo kaishi xuéxí Ylngwén le! Xià cì, wo huì yòng Ylngwén gei ni xiexìn de. Wo gege hé wo bà ma háishì máng zhe zhòng cài, jln nián yòu zengjia le liang ge xln pinzhong - xllánhua hé ylngtáo xlhóngshì. Cunzi II hao duo rén jia dou gàiql le èr céng xiao lóufáng, zhuang shàng le diànhuà, hái you ji jia mai le diànnao ne! NI zuìjìn you shénme xlnwén? You kòng qlng lái xìn. Dàjia dou hen xiang ni. Zhù hao! Xiaofang 2005, 7, 20

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Vocabulary ♦

±n mm urn

#it » Sri: * SKsb Pfijfi

sms

4... T M »3I §fnp=

s& mm saw

^& =JI i?a §f«

Dàwèi liánxì jio lv kuàijì nóngyè dài k u t n bàn liúdòng fùjìn láihuí p t o zài . . . xià yvngxitng zhòng cài xqn pvnzhwng xqlánhuo yqngtáo xqhóngshì gàiqv èr céng lóufáng xqnwén

David be in touch; to contact in the family; at home accountant agriculture to get a loan to run; to manage mobile nearby to go around under . . . influence to grow vegetables new produce broccoli cherry tomato to build; to erect two-storey building news

Language points 4 12.3 Omission of ‘ word

(yi, “one”)’ before the measure

When a measure word is not preceded by a number, the omitted number must be ‘—' (yi)’. If it is any other number, it cannot be omitted. For example:

JIntian zaoshàng, wo qù Beijing fàndiàn kàn le ge péngyou. This morning, I went to the Beijing Hotel to visit a friend.

Wo da le san ge diànhuà, cái hua le yi kuài qián. I made three telephone calls, and it only cost me one kuai.

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However, when ‘—■ (yl)’ appears at the beginning of a sentence or functions as part of a subject, it cannot be omitted. For example:

Gangcái, yl gè niánqlng guniang lái zhao ni. Just now, a young lady came to look for you. 12.4 Spill (yìnxiàng, ‘impression’) and ‘influence/to influence’)

S^H|B|

(yingxiang,

Please note that the pronunciation of these two terms is very similar. But they carry different tones and very different meanings.

Culture note Township and village enterprises Before 1978, the Chinese economy was a planned economy, and there was virtually no private ownership. In 1978, Deng Xiaoping came to power and introduced the market economy. He was the mastermind behind China’s economic reform. Under the economic reform plan, farmers were given enormous freedom and hence became energetic and productive. They were allowed to put their money together and set up township and village enterprises. As these enterprises were not under the control of any government departments, their decisionmaking process was not lengthy. As a result, they quickly flour­ ished and became the most dynamic element for growth in the 1980s and early 1990s. Nowadays, there are over 20 million township and village enterprises that are involved in a variety of economic activities such as processing agricultural products, industry, transport, building and commerce.

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Exercises Exercise 3 Translate the following into Chinese: a

Under the influence of my parents, I became more and more interested in Chinese literature. b Can you write a letter for me in Chinese? c Our village has changed greatly and our village primary school has changed even more.

Exercise 4 Read Text 2 again. Suppose you are David in Text 2. Write a reply to Xiaofang in Chinese.

Dialogue 1

(Audio 2:34)


 !" Xito zhèn de biànhuà Change in a small town The following dialogue is between a mother and her son who has just returned from Germany where he had been doing a postgraduate degree for the last three years: ZHIYUAN MAMA ZHIYUAN MAMA ZHIYUAN MAMA ZHIYUAN



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 !
 !"#$%&'()*+,-.#'/01234+
 !"#

%$ 200

| Unit 12: Reform and change

China’s Venice: Zhou Zhuang

MAMA ZHIYUAN MAMA

£ -

Jl*nM&F5%kT ' ftifi^/'fIIT* ° ! m^nwtim^m ° S M I I T ^ $ 'fH^k^HUJliuiP^$01234

± »

Dialogue 1 in pinyin ♦ ZHIYUAN MAMA ZHIYUAN MAMA ZHIYUAN MAMA

Mama, zánmen zhèn de biànhuà tài dà le, wo dou rèn bu chulái le. Bié shuo nl rèn bu chulái, jiù lián nl gege shàng cì huí jia hái chà dianr mí le lù. NT kuài san nián méi huí lái le ba? Shì a! Gege duo jiu huí lái yT cì? Ta jThu mei bàn nián huílái yT cì. WO zuòmèng ye méi xiang dào rénmen de shenghuó shuTpíng tígao de zhème kuài. Shéi néng xiangdào! Yàoshì nT fùqTn hái huózhe gai duo hao!

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ZHIYUAN

Shì a! Bú guò, ta huì wéi women gaoxìng de. Duì le, wo hé

MAMA

fùqTn zuì xlhuan de nà tiáo xiao hé hái zài ma? Zài, qián jl nián héshuT bèi wuran le, zuìjìn cái qTngll ganjìng.

ZHIYUAN

Tài hao le! Mfngtian wo jiù qù yóu ge yong.

MAMA

SuTrán qTngll ganjìng le, dànshì hé shul bú xiàng cóngqián nàme qTng le. NTzìjTqù kànkan ba.

Vocabulary ♦

a tA^F*

zhèn

small town

rèn bu chslái

cannot recognise

*,^J it7S

chàditnr

nearly

mí le lù

got lost

im

zuòmèng

to dream

fl«

tígoo

to raise

mtmi

shéi néng xitngdào

who would have thought

mD &%

huózhe

be alive

goi d u r h t o

would be nice

T*

gonjìng

clean

suirán . . . dànshì

although . . . but

qTng

clear

SM... if

fi^

Language points 4 12.5

tfjJlt (chulái) to indicate the result of a verb

In Unit 6 (Language point 6.3), we saw that some words are used to indicate the result of a verb. In Dialogue 1, tB5fs (chulái) in i A ^ F ^ (rèn bù chu lái) indicates the result of the verb IX (rèn, to recognise). By placing ^ (pronounced with a neutral tone ‘bu’) in front of ttl5fi (chulái), the speaker conveys the meaning that the result is potentially impossible. tB5fs (chulái) often follows verbs that have to do with the recognition or production of things such as IX (rèn, to recognise), lf(kàn, to look), 2s? (xie, to write), Hg (chàng, to sing). For example:

\mmt±±T - mmx^&m^T ° Nide biànhuà tài dà le, wo dou rèn bu chulái ni le. You have changed so much that I do not recognise you.

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| Unit 12: Reform and change

Kàn bu chulái rude tizhòng zengjia le. (I) cannot tell that you’ve put on some weight.

12.6 i?il • • • iM^-t/Wkt-f

(yàoshì. ..

gai duo hao/jiù hao le) This pattern is used to express one’s wish. It is equivalent to the English expression ‘If only . . . ’ or ‘It would be . . . if. . . ’ . For example:

Sl^K't'^I^ff ! Yàoshì ni huì shuo Zhongwén gai duo hao! If only you could speak Chinese!

12.7 £ . . . # ! (huì... de, ‘would’) We have seen ^ . . . tf] ( h u ì . . . de) used to express one’s determina­ tion to do something. x?. . . tf] (huì.. . de) can also be used in an imaginary situation to mean ‘would’. It is often used with a condi­ tional sentence. For example:

Rúguo fùqln hái huó zhe dehuà, ta huì wéi women gaoxìng de. If father was alive, he would be pleased for us. 12.8

.§.$&••• {Mil (suirán . . . dànshì, ‘although . . . but’)

In English, if ‘although’ is used, ‘but’ cannot be used in the second half of the sentence. In Chinese, they can appear in the same sen­ tence. For example: Suirán wo zhi jiàn guò ta yl miàn, dànshì ta gei wo liúxià le hen shen de yìnxiàng. Although I only met him once, he left a deep impression on me. M$S (suirán) can also be used in conjunction with ;EEjH (háishì, still) or Hb (réng, still). For example:

Suirán wo zhldào ta bù xihuan biérén gei ta tí yìjiàn, wo háishì yào shuo. Although I know that he doesn’t like others being critical of him, I’m still going to say it.

Unit 12: Gfigé hé biànhuà

Dialogue 2

| 203

(Audio 2:36)


 ! Hézq qvyè Joint venture companies Wu Yu has just been offered a job and is phoning her father to tell him the good news . . . WU Y U FATHER WU Y U FATHER WU Y U FATHER WU Y U FATHER



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Zhejiang Haisen Pharmaceutical Co. Photographer: Wang Shiyue

204 | Unit 12: Reform and change

Dialogue 2 in pinyin ♦ WU YU FATHER WU YU FATHER WU YU FATHER

Bàba, gàosù nl yT gè hao xiaoxi! Yuan Sen YàopTn Youxiàn GongsT gei le wo yT fèn gongzuò. Shì ma? Zhè shì yT jia shéme yàng de qTyè? Shì Zhong Mei hé zT qlyè. Zhen de! Nà, nl jùt! zuò shénme gongzuò? Xiaoshòu Bù jTngll. Hè! YT gè hen zhòngyào de zhfwù. W o d e nu’ér zhen bù

WU YU

jiandan! Bié kua wo le. Shuo zhen de, wo zuó wan gaoxìng de yT

FATHER

wanshang shuì bù zháo jiào. Nà, nl jTntian zài jia haohao xiuxi xiuxi.

Vocabulary ♦ izSlS Unci -SPRiB] 'PM''M Hft II'B U IR# ^.X

Yuan Sen yàopm youxiàn gongsT Zhong Mei hé zT jùt! xiaoshòu bù hè zhfwù shuo zhen de

Far Forest (proper name) medicine; pharmaceutical limited company Sino-American joint venture exactly; in detail sales department hey position to be honest; honestly

Extra useful vocabulary SWiilk fA-Siilk rfeilk Ttit^i?F

guó you qTyè sT you qTyè qTyèjia shlcháng jTngjl

state-owned enterprise private enterprise entrepreneur market economy

Language point ♦ 12.9

The difference between 0?H (xinwén) and fflM (xiaoxi)

Although both mean ‘news’ in English, f/fH (xinwén) refers to those items of news that are reported in the media, or things that have never been heard before. For example:

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| 205

im^mmT^ ? Ni kàn jlntian de xinwén le ma? Have you watched today’s news? W6 zao jiù zhldào zhè jiàn shì le, zhè bú shì xinwén. I knew about it a long time ago. This is not news. :

MM> (xiaoxi) refers to a specific piece of information:

Zhè shì ge huài xiaoxi. This is bad news. Hao cháng shíjian méi you tade xiaoxi le. Haven’t heard from him for a long time (lit. a long time no his news).

Exercises Exercise 5 Match the questions with the answers in Dialogues 1 and 2: Questions:

a m^-mif&wm±>nL ? Zhè shì yl jia shénme yàng de qiyè?

b i^nmmf^xi^? NT jùt! zuò shénme gongzuò?

c

99^®M->k? Gege duo jiu huílái ylcì? W6 hé fùqln zuì xihuan de nà tiáo xiao hé hái zài ma?

Answers:

i

mjm^®M->k° Ta jlhu mei bàn nián huílái ylcì.

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ii &' mn^Mykm^mT ° Zài, qián ji nián héshuT bèi wuran le. Xiaoshòu Bù jlngli.

iv

^^m±^>° Shì Zhong Mei hézl qiyè.

Exercise 6 Fill in the gaps using an appropriate measure word provided in the box:

a ®fG

$S

Wo ba zhe

! JUXlf^F^S °

shì wàng le! Zhen duìbuqi.

b mmm^-

^n-

W6 xiang qing ni chl yl

c

ffe3S

SfrliPSW °

Ta lián yl

d m

Zhongguó fàn.

zìxíngche dou méi you.

^wjfxasMM' m&T&mwftM&tf3 °

Zhe gongsl bù jin zhùzhòng zhíliàng, ér qie hái zhòngshì huánjìng baohù.

e mmDi

m—M&mit °

NT shùnzhe zhe Zhè shì yl Wo duì zhè ic- f£ ' * ' tiáo, jia, fèn,

jie ylzhí wang qián zou. gudian chángpian xiaoshuo. gongzuò tèbié gan xìngqù.

fr '

U '

ii -

Iffi

jiàn,

bù,

dùn,

liàng

Exercise 7 Decide if if B (xinwén) or t^LS (xiaoxi) should be used in the follow­ ing two sentences:

Unit 12: Gfigé hé biànhuà

a

| 207


 !"#$%&'_______
 !"# Ta mgi tian kàn bào, zhjyào shì dú_______hé tianqì yùbào.

b
 !""#$%!&'(_______
 !"#$%&'( Zuótian, wi dìdi gàosù le wi yc gè hfo_______: ta nádào le yc fèn jifngxuéjcn!

Exercise 8 Translate into Chinese: a I was so excited that I could not get my words out. b If only he could come to spend Chinese New Year with us! c Although he has problems with the four tones, he always speaks Chinese with the locals. d If you didn’t come to the get-together, Xiao Lin would be very disappointed. e Honestly, I would never have dreamt that our village had its own primary school.

Listening comprehension
 Koi wtng bo Opening an internet bar

(Audio 2:38)

The following dialogue is between Daping and Huifeng, who used to work for the same company. Daping now works for a small computer firm. Listen to the dialogue first. Try not to read the script. Afterwards, do the following multiple choice exercises: 1 What business does Huifeng plan to get into? a an internet bar b market research c software design 2 How is Huifeng going to fund her business? a with her own savings b with a loan from the bank c with her savings and some money borrowed from the bank

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3

What preparation has Huifeng made to set up her business? a attended a computer training programme b installed broadband at home c did market research

4

What does Daping a He thinks it’s a b He didn’t make c He thinks it’s a

5

What is Daping doing next Wednesday? a showing and explaining some software to Huifeng b going to Shanghai on a business trip c going to the bank to borrow some money

think of Huifeng’s business idea? bad idea. any comment. good idea and it will be profitable.

Key words ♦ You may find the following words useful in understanding the dialogue:

m.

Hff±

w& ±m »# #i£

nm mi n

qu tqngshàngqu zhuànqián shpngyì zTjTn cúnkutn cháng yòng ai’ya yup

district it sounds . . . profitable (lit. earn money) business capital; money savings; deposit in everyday use Ah; my God to arrange

Script in characters ♦ DAPING HUIFENG DAPING HUIFENG

Rff«i#±^^TN7 ? mm ^ a * t i F ^ l : - # ± ^ » ° S & t f - ^ S P B ° ##t^ili|W7P5 ? # 7 nlin&^E-^pGPEfPiSW ° &±S6iWA*d> BSt*3&ffiWAfcd> °

RTi

Unit 12: Gfigé hé biànhuà

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DAPING HUIFENG

ni

DAPING

# E ^ £

HUIFENG

S & t f l & P J I - # s f c # « 7 ° i f t K t f l ' S * I i f # f l l ^ ' l t H£ tóngshì

Exercise 2 a

n g H ® ' m^U'

MS?

chl tuányuán fàn, kàn diànshì, bao jiaozi zhenggè wanshàng bú shuìjiào

c mm^ hù xiang bài nián

Key to exercises

d

| 221

Mu^ms cóng chu èr kaishi

e +S^/M^S§ shíwu tian/liang gè xlngqi

Exercise 3 (for reference) Zhè shì wo dì yl cì zài Zhongguó guò nián/guò Chun Jié. Dà nián chu yl, women qù women de laoshl jia gei ta bài nián.

c mnMTJW^±WMMIR > HrsawwA^gi! Women shuo hao le ba dian chl quán jia tuányuán fàn, keshì wo gege jiu dian cái dào!

d mm^mmm^mmm ° MGfMft £, ? W6 zhldào Xiao Míng shì ni jia de qlnql. NT ba ta jiào shénme?

Exercise 4 a d

^y*v lao dà, ^^t chun juan,

b e

ig liú, J^/^J yiwéi

c

{SSE zhí ban,

Exercise 5 a d

gf jiù, gf jiù,

b Wt jiù, e st cái

c

st cái,

Exercise 6 a d

matches D, matches B,

b e

matches E, matches C

c matches A,

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Key to exercises

Exercise 7 Jin nián ni dasuàn zài nar guò nián? Wo hái yiwéi ni bú huì bao jiaozi.

c siM ! mm^m ° Bié tí le! Kan háizi ke lèi le. NT bú yòng dài shénme Hwù lai.

e mEm^mi^ ° W6 zhèng yào gei ni da diànhuà.

Reading comprehension questions

l E£ Ylsheng Zài Tianjln Qù kàn Wáng Qiáng de fùmu

Unit 6 Exercise 1 a d

Af^J rénwù, 7 1 ^ 7 bù de bù,

b e

^iftJ ttFTL

diànying mí, hao ji biàn,

c fFcm zuòpln, f ffl)!f£ kunnan

Exercise 2 (for reference) Tade fùmu xihuan ylnyuè, gege àihào zúqiú, nainai xihuan yang hua, yéye ài kàn diànying.

Key to exercises

| 223

Ta xihuan diànying, dàn gèng xihuan wénxué.

c mim mmm > «o> > i&m imm^} ° Ta dú guò ((Hóng Lóu Mèng)), ((Jia)), zhèngzài dú ((Luòtuó Xiángzi)). Gudian chángpian xiaoshuo.

Exercise 3 a c

W S W S youxie, youxie, —'S ylxie,

b —'S ylxie, d W S youxie

Exercise 4 (for reference)

a m^mm.^> {mtWmm ° W6 xihuan Zhongguó jiaozi, dàn wo gèng xihuan chunjuan. Zìcóng shàngge yuè kaishi xué Zhongwén yilái, wo duì Zhongguó wénxué yuè lái yuè gan xìngqu. c

g f A A S S » S © W ' MjB£.fJ±m^ ° Zuótian wanshàng wo qù kàn wo nainai shí, ta zhèngzài da tàijíquán. Zhè bù diànying limiàn de rénwù tài duo, wo jì bu zhù tamen suoyou rén de míngzì.

e mm±^^Mm

°

Ta dú de quán shì Lao She de yuán zhù.

Exercise 5 a ffi^Fffi yòng bú yòng, d ^sU zao dianr,

b e

fj um^a^m ° W6 zhldào ni bù xihuan ta, dàn ta qù guò Zhongguó. B si-ta ° mmmmm^n ° Dàoyeshì. Wo yìnggai tlngting ta zenme shuo.

d A ®E*f57 «£nw» » ^ c « W6 yijing kàn wán le ((Hóng Lóu Mèng)) de ylngwén fanyì. Nà you shénme! Tangmu jlhu mashàng jiù kàn wán le zhè bù xiaoshuo de Zhongwén yuán zhù.

e &§m±.m^m&7 ° Diànying mashàng jiùyào kaishi le.

Listening comprehension questions 1 3

f/fi$, ting shuo guò, t§$? hen hao,

2 ^Jt Zhongwén de, 4 ^ ^ - t jintian wanshang

Unit 7 Exercise 1 a d

l^:K: jiazhang, #ftS; shóuxi, shúxi,

b fr'\j fenxln, e ^W xuéqi

c f$>'\j rèxln,

Key to exercises

| 225

Exercise 2 Nà gè zhèngzài bao jiaozi de rén shì wode laoshl./Zhèngzài bao jiaozi de nà ge rén shì wode laoshl. W6 xihuan nàxie zao shuì zao qi de rén. Wo yào qù kàn yl cháng jùyou guójì biaozhun de bisài. Zhè shì yl liàng kaiwang Yúnnán de huoche. Chéng II you henduo ràng rén fenxln de shìqing.

Exercise 3 a

\^m\ nmmx^m^m^mi

°

W6 jlnwan bù xiang qù jiuba. Zàishuo, wo zuì xihuan de jiuba jlnwan bù kaimén.

d ffi^ . fhmm^±.m > w ^

> 7g?A^7^ °

Zài Ylngguó, xiaohái sì suì shàng xué, ér zài Zhongguó, xiaohái liù suì cái shàng xué.

e ^ i £ t i ! ^ ^ 7 5 0 0 7 ^ - mnmm ° Dàwèi san gè yuè zhlnèi xué huì le 500 gè hànzì. Ta zhen lìhai.

Reading comprehension questions Zài yl suo xiaoxué jiao Ylngwén. Tàiyuán de shenghuó tiáojiàn méi you Beijing de hao, dongtian ye bi Beijing leng. 3

3£W laoshi

4

— ' ^ I / H J Ylyuè zhongxún

5 mkmmxm^xmximmicin-BW

°

Zài Beijing hé ta cóng qián xué Zhongwén shí rènshí de péngyoumen ylqi guò nián.

228

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Key to exercises

Unit 8 Exercise 1 a ?*S b SM c KA% d WtflLWi

e ©It f x ^ i t

juédìng yìjiàn réncái shìcháng jiùyè wangzhàn fánnfo gongzuò miànshì

decision view, opinion job market employment website worries job interview

Exercise 2 (Please ask your tutor or a Chinese friend to check it for you.) Exercise 3 Zuótian de jùhuì shì yóu xuésheng huì zuzhl de. Jlnwan de niányè fàn yóu nainai zuò. Tuìshao yào yóu ylsheng kai./Tuìshao yào shì ylsheng kai de.

d ia^^si^sstmw Zhè ge jiànyì shì Wáng jlnglT tíchu de.

Exercise 4 Zhaochu le zhè jiàn shìqíng de zhenzhèng yuányln hòu, wo biàn duì ta shuo: ‘Zhè bú shì nide cuo'. Jíbiàn wo you henduo qián, wo ye bú huì mai zhè yàng de dongxi. Zài nóngcun zhangdà de háizi tongcháng hen qínfèn.

d mm^mm^n^x ° Ta genben bù zhldào ta huì shuo Zhongwén.

Key to exercises

| 229

Exercise 5 a d

flt?i!jC xiugai, 5f?;@J nádào,

b e

^^- chulniú, ^fjf shenqlng

c

Stl-t jiashang,

Exercise 6 a c d

Huaxia Library, b librarian, university graduate who is good at English, Li Fang

Exercise 7 Rúguo ni zhè ge zhoumò you kong, women ylqi qù kàn diànying. Rúguo ni néng dú dong zhè ben shu, wo jiù ba ta sòng gei ni.

c iu^r^mmi^^i^> ^ft ^ ^ t i ^ ? Rúguo ni bù xihuan zhège gongzuò, wèishénme bù huàn gè gongzuò? Rúguo ni guòfèn qianxu, laoban huì rènwéi ni méi you zìxìnxln.

Listening comprehension questions Zài jiàoyù bù gei lingdao kaiche. Cóngqián de gongzuò bú tài zìyóu, xiànzài de gongzuò bijiào línghuó.

3 +yMH Wa ° Shí gè xiaoshí zuoyòu.

230

| Key to exercises

Cóngqián de gongzuò bù tài zìyóu, xiànzài de gongzuò bijiào línghuó. / A f i l j f IS . MWM ° Cóngqián de gongzl dl, xiànzài de gao.

Unit 9 Exercise 1 a d

/ L 7 jihu, JaW: hòuguo,

b ^^ dàduoshù, e ft?$i jiejué

c iitSn zengjia,

Exercise 2 Ta bèi tóngxuémen cheng wéi ‘rèxln de mama’. Diànhuà bèi xiao dìdi nònghuài le.

c m&m)\\7-m ° W6 bèi ta xùn le yl dim. d

ffi»^M^#A^jf 7Tade mìfang bèi xuduo rén zhldào le.

Exercise 3 Women míngtian yl dà zao yào qù Cháng Chéng. Jlntian wanshang wo dei zao shuì.

b wi$if»f^e*5i» NT bú yòng qíche shàng xué. NT zìji juédìng.

Key to exercises

| 231

Zài women xuéxiào, nii xuésheng bi nán xuésheng duo deduo. Wo zhen bù gan xiangxìn! Jiaozi quán bèi wo gege chl wán le!

Exercise 4 a

5f^^C7Jlg° Qíche bú tài fangbiàn.

b ffmnnmm^m ° Haozài Beijing qìhòu bijiào ganzào.

c n%±mM° Wo wánquán tóngyì.

d I$A^ffl$I» Qícherén de zhuanyòng chedào.

e nmmmm7^& ° Wode tizhòng zengjia le bù shao.

Exercise 5 a

} ^ t I A i ± (ORIUI) S i l 7 ° / I f I A Zhè gè gongrén ràng (OR jiào) laoban jiegu le./Zhè gè gongrén

it (OR mi) wmmT °

ràng (OR jiào) laoban gei jiegu le.

b S « i ± (OR w|)

f W 7 - / S M i ± (OR w|) W&tkWT °

Zhè dùn fàn ràng (OR jiào) wo zuòhuài le./Zhè dùn fàn ràng (OR jiào) wo gei zuòhuài le.

c mmmt (OR nu OR ^) WH-SHT - /su Zhè tiáo lù ràng (OR jiào OR gei) jingchá baowéi le./Zhè tiáo lù

it (OR wo m^nmr °

ràng (OR jiào) jingchá gei baowéi le.

d mmmt

(OR m) mj ° /®»^-si± (OR WD ^ # 7 -

Wode qiánbao ràng (OR jiào) rén tou le./W6de qiánbao ràng (OR jiào) rén gei tou le.

232

|

Key to exercises

Exercise 6 a The car is fixed. c This city is polluted. e The road to work is jammed again. g The traffic jam problem has been solved.

Exercise 7 a PHflll xiànzhì, c HHS tígòng,

b d

i n ^ jiéguo, 3§jM kaolii

Reading comprehension question Check your summary with your tutor or a Chinese person.

Unit 10 Exercise 1 a c

MS'J gèng bié shuo, MM suí shí,

e

TM:3I shènzhì

b d

HfX. pují, %L$t mian fèi,

Exercise 2 a b c d

fa.il.HP ^W 41"? ff1 ^Bfiy^

xìnxl gémìng lao baixìng diànzi yóujiàn míng-fù-qí-shí

ii iv i v

e

^pWl

zài wang shàng

iii

information revolution ordinary people email the name matches the reality; worthy of the name on the net

Key to exercises

| 233

Exercise 3 Zhè ge wèntí tài nán le. Lián women laoshl dou bù zhldào dá’àn. Ta bù dàn/bù jin huì zuò xl can, ér qie hái huì zuò zhong can.

c mmmmm^M > m±M^r i Wo genben méi xiang dào ni huì lái, wo tài gaoxìng le! W6 henshao gei wo mama da diànhuà, dàn wo meitian gei ta fa yl feng diànzi yóujiàn.

Exercise 4 a b c

Because the college server is being serviced. To the internet bar outside the college. It’s an internet bar, and her friend Yusuki thinks it has got a nice environment.

Exercise 5 a c

fKSO^B ni fàngxln ba, 3'JSi bié tí le,

b d

Z^E^F chàbuduo, - ^ K i j S , bù mán ni shuo

Exercise 6 W6 shì le hao ji zhong bànfa, dàn zenme ye shuì bù zháo. Wode che chu máo bìng le. Wo dei qíche qù shàng ban.

c mm mm^TW^^nm ° Zhende, wo he bù liao zhème duo píjiu. W6 bù zhldào ta shì qíche háishì kaiche.

234

|

Key to exercises

Exercise 7 a

i^MM1±.mif & ? NT zuìjìn zài xué shénme? ii

^Iffl*Jii° Xué zenme yòng diànnao.

b \mm&mmm Nide bijìben hao yòng ma? Ting hao yòng de.

c

fctuf^UWI Zenme fa diànzi yóujiàn? Yl-shí-bàn-huìr shuo bu qlng. NT dào wo jia lái, wo gei ni

d

yanshì ylxià, ni jiù míngbái le. « ^ j { f £ J i ^ D ^ ? Zuówan ni wéishénme shuì bù zháo jiào? Shoudào le érzi de diànzi yóujiàn, tài jldòng le!

Exercise 8 Jiàndào le duo nián bù jiàn de hao péngyou, wo jldòng de shuo bùchu huà lái. Having met good friends I hadn’t seen for so many years, I was so excited that I couldn’t find the right words. Ná dào le zhè fèn gongzuò, wo gaoxìn de hao ji wan méi shuì hao jiào. I was so pleased about getting this job that I couldn’t sleep well for a couple of nights.

Key to exercises

| 235

Ta zhè ji tian máng de dou méi you shíjian chlfàn./Ta zhè ji tian máng de lián chlfàn de shíjian dou méi you. In the last couple of days, she was so busy that she had no time to eat./In the last couple of days, she was so busy that she didn’t even have time to eat.

Listening comprehension questions 1c,

2 a

Unit 11 Exercise 1

mm e

ffi ... Wi£

shìjiè, còuhe, bùguan, zhòng shì, hé . . . you guanxì

Exercise 2 a

b c

jié le liang cì hun/jiéhun jié le liang cì zuò yl dùn Yìdàlì fàn shuì le yl gè hao jué

d jiàn guò yl miàn/jiàn le yl cì miàn

236

|

Key to exercises

Exercise 3 (for reference) Wúlùn/bùguan ni shì lao rén háishì xiao hái, mei gè rén dou bìxu chl zhè zhong yào. Kaiche de shíhòu/Kaiche shí, (ni) bù yìnggai yòng shoujl. W6 zài Zhongguó de shíhòu, wode Zhongwén bì xiànzài hao deduo. Ylnwéi zhè shì ni gei wode llwù, wúlùn guì háishì piányí, wo dou huì zhenxí de.

Exercise 4

a ^IicJL» Lao Wáng de nu'ér.

b i\^-~^ ° Dà nián chu yT. Ylnwéi Lao Wáng de nu’ér cóng chu yT dào chu san zài ylyuàn zhí ban.

Exercise 5

a mm Zhenbàng!

b immi.±.m ° NT zhuan guò shen wang shàng kàn.

c ium^m^mnwit

> ^m& °

Rúguo (ni) xuyào women bang máng, jìnguan shuo.

d %:mmftMm° Xian guò nián zài bàn xi shì.

Key to exercises

| 237

NTmen Hang yldìng yào lái he xi jiu.

Exercise 6 a b c

ih/BJ-l ràng/jiào, i s qing (‘it/fJ-l ràng/jiào’ can be used, but is not very polite), f5] wèn, d ih/M-l ràng/jiào, e Tn qing

Exercise 7

a mEm^^T ° Wo ba ta de míngzì wàng le. Ta ba nii’ér de fángjian bùzhì hao le.

c ifi^m^MMm^xtM o Qing ni ba nà ge shuang xi jianzhi ná guò lái. Xiao Wáng ba tade hunli tulchí dào jiuyuèfen.

e mmmmimi^ ° Nainai ràng wo ba Hwù dakai.

Reading comprehension questions a

false,

b

true,

c

false,

d

true,

e

false

c

H f S putong,

Unit 12 Exercise 1 a d

JJZXL

^tK

chénglì, shòu huanyíng,

b e

I B T " liú xià, 'SXML jingyàn

238

|

Key to exercises

Exercise 2 (for reference) ^Bfi^y^ míng-fù-qí-shí, i J ^ f i M kuanshì xlnying, E z J ^ ^ báitóu-dào-lao, "feijMiflS baobàn hunyln, W^fX chuán-zong-jiedài, ^ j f t j l E míng-shèng-gu-jl, fi;H^C zhòng-nán-qlng-nii

Exercise 3 Zài wo fùmu de yingxiang xià, wo duì Zhongguó wénxué yuè lái yuè gan xìngqù.

b \Mm^x^nmtm NT néng yòng Zhongwén gei wo xie xìn ma? Women cun de biànhuà hen dà, women cun de xiao xué de biànhuà gèng dà.

Exercise 4 (for reference)

foR

OT 2005,8, 10

Key to exercises

| 239

Letter in pinyin Xiaofang: NT hao! Hen gaoxìng shoudào nide láixìn. Zhùhè ni jié le hun, bìng zhù nimen bái-tóu-dào-lao! Nide zhàngfu jiào shénme míngzì? Qing ni gei wo jì yl zhang nimende jiéhun zhào. Zhen gaoxìng ni kaishi xué Ylngwén le. Jlnhòu, women key! hùxiang bangzhù: ni yòng Ylngwén gei wo xiexìn, wo yòng Zhongwén gei ni xie xìn. Wo ye yào gàosù ni yl gè hao xiaoxl: wo you nii péngyou le! Ta shì Zhongguórén, ye jiào Xiaofang! Míng nián chuntian women kenéng yào qù Zhongguó. Dào shíhòu, wo yTdìng hé Xiaofang yTqi qù nimen jia wánr. Wo ye hen xiang nimen quán jia. Qing dài wo xiàng dàjia wèn hao. Zhù hao! Dàwèi 2005, 8, 10

Exercise 5 a

with iv,

b

with iii,

c

with i,

d

with ii

b f

Wl dim, §f) bù,

c SS Hàng, g {;& fèn

d

1$. jia,

Exercise 6 a ft- jiàn, e ^ tiáo,

Exercise 7 a

f/fH xlnwén,

b

MM xiaoxi

240

|

Key to exercises

Exercise 8 W6 jldòng de shénme huà dou shuo bù chulái.

b ^mmmmn-&xtm^wt]t?T i Yàoshì ta néng lái hé women ylqi guò chunjié jiù hao le! Sulrán tade sìsheng you wèntí, ta zongshì hé dangdìrén shuo Zhongwén.

d twmm^mm^' ^#^n^mm ° Rúguo ni bù lái canjia jùhuì, Xiao Lín huì hen shlwàng de.

e im> mtmwfrmmim^^^

°

Shuozhende, wo zuòmèng ye méi xiangdào women cun huì you zìji de xiaoxué.

Listening comprehension questions 1 a

2 c

3 c

4 c

5 b

Appendix A: Texts, dialogues, reading comprehension texts and listening comprehension scripts in complex characters

Unit 1 * S a * H Dialogue 1

^4"

LILI

fM*a*£is ?

TOM

* - ^mmrn^tj °

LILI

TOM LILI

TOM LILI

TOM LILI

fft6U^fS^M °

^st mm ° a^egsiuiw^s °

fft*Ili7 °P7H^*:£7 ? SSH7 ° ISIi^fS;!^ ? H*—=F1I - RTSR^aEMliS* ° IHMB^IBS ° aa-^hsuM^sa °

Dialogue 2 Sjji^lISlftfP^c

ZHANG XIN JANE ZHANG XIN JANE

# ^ £ * l l 7 P l ? fl-JSB#«lH|3|5M? £iffl * 7 S S — f @ £ ° H ^ | E ] 3 | 5 M ° fa&HMEPfc;iJS«? W^WPI? f M W £ ° Mft$S£ - Emmi ° fafl^tl^HH? im ± J S ! l » * « m J t S S « M 3 S f e < f b « ^ - «&S£P«

ZHANG XIN

^ ° SftS * HISS - fi3& #5i7«ft!lf1-J§ifc£?

ZHANG XIN JANE

* P*5I«IH !

242

| Appendix A

JANE

M ^ - f c - A1i«rU ° £bfcnS,ft - J5EM ° i I I 7

ZHANG XIN JANE

faga*B£#£iS ' Wfl-JSSfl^WR? X ! t » J S - ftflJgttS; S W f f l g i f t t 1 ' KI**BR3>R3> liJIiJ °

ZHANG XIN

jfc7u±[RL^ °

Listening comprehension script LINFANG

/jvjiR mmikM%nmm]&m*$:7

XIAOYAN LINFANG XIAOYAN

! M BSHttHlIE 7 ° £ £ « ? ffeKfiH^H ? ttft$g£ - f f e K f i f S H - ^fflffefBWR ° M5iB7iIJS*> - ffe^fl-JKSS^P^S ? H&m«^£*:1t5iJl.M5£# ! I t ' l i fft*J*£#S£#—f@£HPm ° & R J I H £ - ° SPP1S ° I I S f M M ° n H H t t l U f e ^ T J f c l U l S a ° * # ! H l f c t t K l i f c * JEWISH ° SaiHSMfc't'lS - B|ff5 -i§-i§TO ° LI LIANG frft£fflg»ft&7 ° JiPB ! MARY LI LIANG MARY LI LIANG MARY

(After they have sat down with their lunch ... )

MARY LI LIANG

ik%M - «FS*WSHi«rU ? « f l t * £ A ? affffiMJSftlSH ' S*S35 ' HR - ftffl^ ° &K - «FS»*^HRft*Sffi - ^ScftW °

MARY

^Tn^ .

LI LIANG

Appendix A

| 243

Li LIANG

-S&SffiWS^SayUft ' =S&HR*nSffiai£*

MARY Li LIANG

Will ° *Sffi£*m#jl£!R«l# ? iM ° SteS^ttA ' H l f c & 8 l « ± £ £ : ° !1«PB - a * * T » - T - MflBiff^W -IE* #

' &UA °

(a few minutes later . . . ) WANG MENG

* ] ■ » » 7 - S t U J a ^ S M f f i F I W I l A n * ° SffSJd*

MARK

^ii:X

WANG MENG

^/^yxlM °

?

(after having visited the Wall.. . ) MARK WANG MENG

£>Jfifa ' S ^ B t f i B R S ° Sft ° #6D?I!§!lS^f - ffioMit45H6DX'ft&WfS^

MARK

^ H j t l t ° S E ^ f l t i J I J i f f i - fr£&£JKll£ ?

au»a - mmmmm °

WANG MENG

ill/Xi/sfl/E °

MARK WANG MENG

B U H I B * - &RI ? TJP>K?^ J !

Reading comprehension — U US

f ^ t i t a ^ t p > mj*tffi£i$£stoats# - ^ ^ i ^ s s j ^

244

|

Appendix A

Unit 3 MJS Dialogue 1 H H N DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR

fltff n^° fltff * * ° fMW ^sflB? Ksl£ - n§?tiy? ° J5iE£#&K) ° ft-JK H8BI*&M? ! SWS !

s^

# * * aja ° *Sfft - T f l S °

(having checked the thermometer) DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR JANE DOCTOR

JANE

fS&SM 7 ° H+AJSE ° a*§ ftftH?

sss ° ^sss ° a i ^ r j - ^ i i ' j i s ° MvmM&*m ° * f « i ° su&SBi-^jsESinB ° ° «F-ssffiH#"£ii ° #ni7jc> #{*,a ° aaffi^sit ! mm * * i&msmm-mmnmm?

***! &H

DOCTOR

l-M m ° S J ^ B I H ^ °

JANE

uriH ■ * * °

Dialogue 2 XIAO LI LAO WANG

s^Imfl

£ 1 fSftSftfe^M ° * f f t « » £ ? fl-JB£*B&W ' ' J ^ ° Slt££SiBW«f£ ° £bfcn#8I

Appendix A

XIAO LI LAO WANG XIAO LI LAO WANG

| 245

mm i ^ g f i o mMm.mmmm - siK^fc? ° rnm im? mi ^mm^mnmmm° ifcmstasis*? *#JH = K 4 * °

XIAO LI LAO WANG XIAO LI LAO WANG

mmHIM? ! ^m

mw fallg3lSfaM£S3* mmm°

° B£±#^81K - MS

&IE m ° SffiW^S)tBii& °

XIAO LI

Listening comprehension script

ffi^

> « I ¥ i * S l i f ' IPJa^Jfifi - W?TA»

WIS ftnTJ^gS^-ilEip ° A # M £ H S M A J i M { * » ^E#f # » # » H f e ^ l t ^

Unit 4

R^tt*

Dialogue 1 JANE LILI JANE

*+,-#./01234567

iifH

ffiffi - ! f @ i i S - aSSRSHi^S^R&ffii ° fltilfcfll? n£*F6!Igl!fc6? B£|£ - b H £ * °

LILI

IP - W&%

JANE LILI

* # ° £Ett ' Sfl,3RTW'&«:?Pg ° mtS^fBftlSia - «FS»WlSI1WflS#^i!l ' W a f f l - I i m °

JANE LILI JANE

°

&^M^ ISJi-flMHicWtflB - m9W&±.^MA g n g B i f i ' JbTJAWifiJtA-mW^? > P S T ? A - £ t # # ^mx-m^-mmmm > — M S I ^ > $^&ra >

M f f i » - ¥ » « ° w®Ai?M^wit ‘^^», M±.^ mm H - A - A ^ - > M J I A ¥ « - > i » g « f f l M a # i i n^ ngis - ittw A # © © 0 0 - ^mm-M

Dialogue 1 LAO LI LAO WANG

LAO LI LAO WANG

LAO LI LAO WANG

R$

^ ^

* I ffl^»! ^ ^ ffl^»! 5lJ§#t/t5|t£f ^ 7 ° fSFMS^ffSffllHl* 7 PI ^nmtjm\m7 - ffiiua^fiMHMJiiss - m^m-k & l c * ^ P > S 0 5 | t - ^§ljft!lfl01 - 3H@£!305|t7 ° «!1H«MHW£IS? SIS**"glS^?PB ° W £ I S I E ^ I f f f t f f S l c ^ i V I ! SffStMPSHISI*

248

| Appendix A

LAO LI

MXJJ!

LAO WANG

TISMP

fa*AMSSffl

LAO LI

AlAJgM?

LAO WANG

IT °

7 * MP£ °

Dialogue 2 # ^ LIPING MEILI LIPING MEILI LIPING MEILI LIPING MEILI

«ftUB?|-3fc? a » M S f a ^ 5 R 7 ° Eit^lE o asi^stMt*7 ° &fl-JB? M^Wttfttffflfii ' X ^ f f l f a t t ° m - M I 7 ° aSaSafflffefl,5H*M£8W3fc7 ° i l f f i ^ - » n ^ f a ^ J M { * , t { * , t 7 ° fa^fflftittS ^&rrJB#M? # # iiWSiJGUIfS ° Ji±«t RT&I£I6 ° ilJS&ftftW?7 ° fSfcfcft*7!

til^ffl»m7!

Reading comprehension

f¥7 > m^marmm - -aai;i^ifii?i^0ii - si?

fH7’ i^MflftftftMSjfttft : ‘1ST SfHi^SHT’ !

Unit 6 Text 1

m&&K ^Dl^P

»7E Mf&Jtfis« - M R M

SMEW

IBM^

Appendix A

|

249

7tft ! " # $ % & ' ()*+,-./01234567-

nig miEmm^m^M mmt^} ° 3E- • stiw^^ 'E41£tJSft °

Dialogue 1 H i b DAMING JOHN DAMING JOHN

DAMING JOHN DAMING JOHN

ftgft fltffft-JBS*?? flW &5IJffiR3£!EIft° H6U IStilSifclflPJIE!) - 9 f f i R £ 3 ° S f t ! S ± ^ * M H # « « K M ° «FRI6? S i B ^ # - ffl^^»»JW:» ° SaKlifc» - &Wffi§ftH^JE IfSglfSl? ItPMmmm ° * # ! HffiliKtUfaSS) S f f & £ * *

)0123456

DAMING

W ^ ± H ~ K ' ^bmWfGflWti ° fl-JB £ # £ ! S!UJUI£^&RI6! DAMING H # J S ° £*£—!H'JMl#«tPWbJRT ° JOHN ftHfe ° »PB, SE^HJaiBJ* ° A H ¥ * t t f a ' ftM? DAMING ft ° #lEf#5RP,i? ffl^fflSAHi&SfWTllSiS? JOHN ^ f f l R £ S * H c » ' 7\HiBJ*teRTJjU JOHN

Listening comprehension script HUAYING JOHN

HUAYING JOHN HUAYING

ftgft ftUf & « m i £ P 7 » 6USIPI? >SW {B£a«&£E*ttffi)3S&HS # £ * » #*J!lSPBiiPl? ^W^W? ^T'IHXW °

250

| Appendix A

JOHN HUAYING JOHN: HUAYING JOHN HUAYING JOHN HUAYING

W - »f#«Pl? faM£iUB# ' -£»*#« ° ittittfrgSS fap|*«7? p|jft ° ^ S ' S S ^ i M * ^ - «F-SSl&lS«» ° 1P1-7 ° &II£i/t*MM ° fa£*-^lft±M!ISlB^ B£±? 4^t±M ° >SPP1I ° -tHESJl&«F*TSiS °

Unit 7 S W Text 1 — ±-M

mm

ams?£fUfa °

Dialogue 1 Li LAN

"^Si^P^S

§ft1I ftft^iflTE* ^SWft-JK^PI?

° I^FI£*£&titi*li*P

Appendix A

ZHANG WEI

| 251

*H¥#*l-«!£Bn^ ' ffi3SH8m&¥*lRM

E ^ mm&jm±mm-mRm-%- - m^ssH^P Li LAN

HJe - ?n^H6DP^J:blE^ - SffSSPESTEMlSra

ZHANG WEI

>SM ££h - * H M * M * M f ffifflPSI - ffio^H^

Li LAN

US *H6U^*P3ElPIffltiltti*£ri7 °

ZHANG WEI

# i P ? I < * ^ g P - tbfcp: f l i l t f i ^ g P - HiJiHi^gP^ °

Li LAN ZHANG WEI

*PHnrJjU@(»»lS? ° i l ^ W t l K ^ ^ ^ ^ t ° SIS -

»«8JJCT

Reading comprehension script

£HP3EJ1

£HP3E£0

^^^M'SC

/IS?

^7 7M TIS

ffljk«rass > *JK»^tSfSf^M## ' # ^ ? f # # ISS»g[7#£tJfflft - IS^7-7AIfi7IS T 7 S I ^ ^fo^P^0i?n£^7ii j ^ f IHffiawj ‘^ffi’ > S * S

j »

252

I Appendix A

Unit 8 XfE Text 1

M l

Dialogue 1

^iffE

ZHANG LAN

®ffi

JANE

Sfl-JBlfE? -£5ffi)ii9gH*i&3!£-«ffi3B()3ttflS ° ffiWK) mnmi&mmmz: ° «FtnfB&s«3Si-TSMiBis*i

ZHANG LAN

JANE ZHANG LAN

4-^Sfc «bm^ll)) ±»§IJ—fftlfE

&ii

f M M ° $nm«WB3fc7MSS ' & I I £ * M M * £ # » » ° 3fcfc»7 ° * m a & & S M ' & * I ° * £ # °

(a few minutes later .. . ) JANE

ZHANG LAN JANE ZHANG LAN JANE

ffiSff

HS ° RTJjUin±faM«ffia# ' hb^Ptf3fft¥

IP - f t m ^ w K f i & ^ I I l i - Si**? I £ I S £ M B A - fa*MMSS - f f e * M f a & * | # 6 U t l I * « » 7 ° SnmS^ifliSSt ' HSfflBEfaHrBb >SPP1S

° SMSWffS!

Appendix A

Listening comprehension script JAMES DRIVER JAMES DRIVER

| 253

Jill

faB|fflmBI7£A7? R W ^ # °

ffifiifaSffilfl-JBlfEM? fcqm&tftfft - f ^ l ^ S l S ° SffiHii£»W8MI&*Bim °

JAMES

H6U

DRIVER

H H £ . - ^ S ± £ S * ^ S S ° aSllffi±»ilJ!lf@ttiffi$

Jf - S f l - J S S I T i H I I f E

wmni ° JAMES DRIVER JAMES DRIVER JAMES DRIVER JAMES

II£lfE*nf£iuJ:b ' S ^ S t t - ^ ? S f i ? 8 SRT& £ B ; * £ - ^ I f E # ^ f @ ' H 5

tbfx

faHRfc^Ift^SlHl'MS? M^+II'MS ° &£&HW£>SlHH)ia? atMsfcflHI ° * « 7 \ + £ 4 1 H « l ° g f l l Sffl^/JvM&H °

Unit 9 S S « « Text 1 sfimn

Dialogue 1 i f LIN MEI MIKE

§ ^ K $ ? ^

# £ «H|

*& ° hb*P - mMAfoMmMm. ° S R m M E H I J I H J i S 7 i 5 S # f l ° 5B!I - ifESPJBtt - &W8#IHBi6li#ll ° Wil - S f t J i S # « » m ± B ! - ftS, &6UflfiigJ)n7

Reading comprehension H® Willis:

M - swAfHMSn > ^^m»T.mmmmmM > § 1 1

Unit 10 Text 1

7H

VBSMffl

fi,Enp

- Aif^m^&Mm±.mmnmm^sM. > s s 7 ^ ^ >

3tnmffili7fflfa7S7!ttl > K M f f i H A R H ^ » M « % B WA S P « f f i 7 t £ 7 H • AlFPEfttgTJlg / 0 1 2 3 4 5

Appendix A

Dialogue 1 YUSUKI

m'

JANE

MI

| 255

iftPP tm

%m%p.

° ^»SSMSffllttl€SI ' i i l i ^ P K G U S r a ^ PPIS J5JE&£Jgtii±^7.!l S*«^hMilHPBStSt giJigt faGUSfllJSPpIS ' £ ¥ K M f l B » S f 4 - ^ a i H f c ° ^ 8 1 fSFSS &6USJ]|til±^7.!l ° SftWffiilHPBlHl* ° HTSfift/57 ° t££l-6UTO.!|PB.!liI'l*? £ G M # - ffl - nHH¥IE*F1&iSMI5£iU| ‘ ^ ’ M « tbfx? ° HJHJ! i l t / t * °

YUSUKI JANE YUSUKI JANE

Dialogue 2

ItT-f^

HUANG WEI REN YUAN

VmfaW7WSSfrW& ' fcfflfll? g » M ° &JE£P£Jg °

HUANG WEI

& # H I f t ^ S 7 1 W - R T S ^ » ! i S f l - J e ° *Jfl ' fa

REN YUAN

-m^mHT^M ° TXtfaMBW& ' Bl&faftm-T ° R T W ! ft® - aHfiiiJ7aia7^>iHS[H]5R6DIP^ -

HUANG WEI

£ - a&8fe^£fr£JliftJlift °

Listening comprehension script MINGFU JOHN MINGFU JOHN MINGFU JOHN MINGFU

iSltiiPf^

%}& S M S B I W 7 ° m&r-%m,m%-m SStStB ° & » ? I I S W £ ° *HJtlJfa7! mm a»fa6DBll;SW'ftSfp1S ° & $c#si^isAf^7Ei/J^A > mw^&M&Tm m^mmm^mmm5om& TTJiisAWA7t£®§40 S S ( ^ W ^ ) } 2002/3, 64H

Appendix A

| 257

Unit 11 ^ f f c i ? ^ : Text 1 tt^^ftJlf m mu^m

Text 2

fW

° 7 » g 7 g M 7 j > - f l g j i > wt&m&MM

HM:&;

' ^ A 7 f ^ f i M f t i r f ^c > mJ^M*M#»^AHifi

Dialogue 1fcfi l i LAO LIU LAO WANG

LAO LIU

M5fJ»fl#teil&1tM£JaSW*? #3fcflt*SMS!J-SBM - ^FFi5»£*7J-§IJ*;jH£»P£fI

LAO LIU

ilMlfc? - Sfe^SifS* ° SUStMSffin^-SSJfcnBWI ° H]H] - - £ # ° SnmSSaflWtt ' ttttK °

LAO WANG

5TPV

LAO WANG

258

| Appendix A

Dialogue 2

ffiBM

YING

mm?'rc^aafaK-m&are-

LAO WANG YING

Wm SJKI#*S7 I&SJ'I&

(a little later...

#M7PI? i l f t l l i l "

°

)

7£3fc! KHSWIE? #|iIffllM@7KJ17EHfi*£&^5lt, &5ltfifc ° : : LAO WANG ft ° S7 • fatt»Si*MlPfflSWI»* ? i!lWJa*7? YING fai8S#fi±* ° LAO WANG nl - A f t ! ! l f @ i / f M H # ! l S — f f i B - W.WM7! YING 5il:&6U£sI7-wIftIS! LAO WANG

YING

Reading comprehension script

$feS£Eftfcf £@

« A > i&nmm > HMT«nffig»MM - w-ss 7-W7 ' - 7 T ^ t § -

Authentic text

B ? ‘^-ni^’ $nxwM^-m> *?Aft ^m

^ w > $p^»^Aiy

S i ^ ^ S m A f H ' MSf±

Appendix A

| 259

7.5 # > i f r l f r l

M - m^mmmmmmm ° mm

°

7?SS1t#it#7ffifP# 7E7/I

- Hitfc > M&ftM

5§g f t ^ — f t » , 2004/7, 4

Unit 12 i i f t ^ i t l f c Text 1 mmmm±m

Text 2 - I f c g ^ i S J I f c f f t H !

7 — ' - M t J I ' S 7 7 S M ' SWiti?M7S)SPM ! OT 75?

260

I Appendix A

Dialogue 1

/

JMH!t'ffc

ZHIYUAN

mm - HHi«6uit ffeW*fE#E?TISfI SIS ’ l » M WS-tmtS ' tnal7955f@f7tt»3l7W

....

f W M M M

WWffiISIfM7fS^ftS A?S«lgfiJ ' ft^ftSfJ|g7 Jt»^M20£S7S#a^

a i * j g ' tna#sw933fi S ^ i > saisss£# ° m. f7IW*ffiM - IS®#A

m - mwum > n i l mm muT.umm%$L tea g | g

AKBIg»2005^9H25B

Appendix B: English translation of the authentic texts in Units 10, 11 and 12

Unit 10 Is it a bad thing to chat online? Is it a really bad thing to chat online? I am the kind of person who lacks self-discipline. Whenever I go online, I want to chat. Will you help me please? A troubled girl Dear troubled girl: How do you do! Online chatting is a type of human communication and inter­ acting in the internet age. It is like making telephone calls, which in itself is neither good nor bad. However, if you exercise no limit over the online chatting (time) to the extent of affecting your school work (or your study), or even affecting your health, or falling prey to bad people as reported in the newspapers, then chatting online would be a harmful thing for you. In my view, the fact that you wrote me this letter itself has indicated that online chatting has already brought trouble to your life, and that you hope to have certain control over the situation. This requires your deep reflection and realisation about the harmfulness brought to yourself, and the determination to change the current situation. The firmer your determination, the sooner it will take effect. There are two approaches to giving up or controlling online chatting: the gradual approach and the aversion approach. If you carry out the gradual approach, you should progressively reduce the time spent each day online chatting. For example, if at the moment you spend one hour each day on chatting, then you can set the rule that next week the daily chatting time must not exceed 50 minutes, and the week after 40 minutes, etc., etc. The chatting time is gradually reduced until it is down to the duration that you think is right.

Appendix B

| 263

Unit 11 Leading one’s own life Traditional views hold that elderly people should live together with their children, enjoying the pleasures of family life. However, elderly people nowadays think differently. Many of them want to live separately from their children as they want to enjoy the happi­ ness of a leisurely and relaxed life-style. The saying that ‘We would rather contribute financially than be troubled with work’ (i.e. to give children money rather than living together and helping them out with the housework) has become common amongst some elderly people. According to the results of recent surveys on large and middle-sized cities, 70 per cent of elderly people live apart from their children. These days, the majority of elderly people in cities are financially independent, and they also have their own houses for comfortable shelter. After retirement, they want to take part in various social activities. Some, depending on their strengths, are even employed in various companies and communities. If they live with their children, they are bound to be tied down with household chores such as shopping for food, cooking and looking after grandchil­ dren for the rest of their lives. One elderly person who lives apart from his son’s family said frankly: ‘We are getting old, and we should give priority to looking after our own health. If we live with our children and grandchildren, it appears exciting on the surface, but in fact it is harmful to both ourselves and our children and grandchildren. We have worked hard for over half of our life and have done a lot for our children. It is time for us to have a rest. At the same time, there are differ­ ences between us and the younger generation in terms of ways of thinking, living habits, and many other aspects. If we live together long-term, conflicts are likely to occur. Therefore, it is better to live apart.’

264

|

Appendix B

Unit 12 All the villages in Jiangxi province have had a telephone connection Guan Changfu, resident of Xianping village of Yihuang county of Jiangxi province, has made a phone call to his wife who is work­ ing in Nanhai in Guangdong province: ‘Hello, we’ve installed a telephone in the house now. Please remember to call us in future if there are things to sort out.’ Every one of 17,955 villages in Jiangxi province is connected by telephone. It has become the first prov­ ince in west central China to realise the possibility of having tele­ phones installed in every village. By the end of last year, there were still 933 administrative villages that had not been connected by telephone. The majority of these villages belong to ‘old, mountainous, remote and poor’ areas whose natural and transport conditions were poor. There­ fore, the level of difficulty in installation was high. In order to help telecommunication companies overcome financial difficulties and guarantee the completion of the project on time, the provincial government came up with a series of measures for preferential treatment and reward, . . . providing help for the telephone instal­ lation project in every village. The telephone being installed in every village has brought con­ venience to the peasants and also it has created real economic wealth for them. Villager Hu Dianfa said excitedly: ‘Before, we all had to walk 20 kilometres on small paths carrying the tea tree oil on a pole, in order to sell it outside the mountain area. Because things were not arranged beforehand, we often couldn’t sell it and so made fruitless trips. Now we’ve got the telephone we can get in touch with people outside the mountain area at any time. Doing business is a lot easier now!’

Chinese–English glossary

The following entries include words under the following headings: Vocabulary, Additional useful words, Useful words for exercises (and some words used in exercises after Unit 8) and Key words for Reading comprehension and Listening comprehension. The numbers indicate the units in which they appear. The * means that the word listed occurred in the Authentic text of the numbered unit. ài àihào àiqíng ai’ya àn zhào onquán onshpn ànshí

m

%.& §tt

®.w mm £± £=»

&ft

anzhuang áo b t . . . qipchéng bti bài nián

%m m

bái pto yuonwang lù báicài

asansss an

ffl... t M H

ft*

btifpnzhq bái-tóu-dào-lao

H#

bàn ban bàn tion

* ffi ¥35

ast*

to love to like something as a hobby; hobby love (noun) ah; my God according to safety; safe sheltering; take shelter on time; at prescribed intervals; according to time to install; to connect to simmer to cut . . . into hundred to exchange New Year’s greetings; to wish somebody Happy New Year to make a fruitless trip Chinese leaves per cent grow old together (lit. white hair till old) to run; to manage class (as a group) for a long time (lit. half a day)

11 6 11 12 5 9 11* 2, 3

10 3 4 1 5

12* 4 12 11 12 7 10

266

|

Chinese–English glossary

bàn xv shì

*»*

bon zhxrèn bang bàngjíle bongzhù bànshì chx bao bto jiàn

ffiif ffi

bao jiaozi boobàn hsnyqn btobèi bàodào btoguì btohù btoliú boowéi btozhèng bàozhv bèi Bpi Lín buifongde bèiténg bunkp bunkp shpng bunlái bunshpn biàn biàn biànhuà bionjí biànlì biànlùn bito míng bitomiàn shàng bié jí bié tí le biérén bvjiào bvjìbun

mw m%}

** fi ftft

s® fi-JMSH SH ffia

ss

&# ftg

es

GBI ffiat & Wtt jt^

** **4 **43

** *=» £

is £tt

sa

ffifl

am nw

HM± S'jii *ij^

S'JA fcbK

¥iE

to get married (lit. sort out a happy event) class teacher to help super help office; agency bag to protect and care for one’s health to make dumplings arranged marriage treasure; sweetheart to report precious protection; preservation to preserve to besiege to guarantee newspaper (passive marker) Forest of Tablets northern backache first degree; BA undergraduate student originally itself to change then, therefore change editor convenience debate; debating to show; to demonstrate

11

on surface don’t worry don’t mention it!; You can well imagine others rather notebook; laptop

11* 10 5

7 2 2 2 8 8 11* 4 11 11 10* 8 9 2 9 12 8 9 1 1 3 7 7 11 10* 11 8 9 9 12* 7 11*

8 4 10

Chinese–English glossary

267

bìngjià tiáo

JHH*

sick note

3

BTngmayong

£3{

Terracotta warriors

2

and horses bìngqiu

#H

and

3

bv rú

3

bvsài

tb*n fcbS

for example match (as in sports)

6

bìxs

•&®

must

3

bìyè

m± m% 5c

BSffi

BS*

as^ m&

WE

m±

a±* raa

s . . . fli IS Pci^ft P«3«

TO ££ *

ft* B*a

ins %T

mm

stress ■xn ■

$

&

SfM

left... &JI £#» ^S H*

letter of reference temperature relief medicine sales-person retired librarian library stranger, outsider niece foreign language to tour evening news a generation below (i.e. children) old age to complete internet bar on the net to look upward internet speed to pour into kingdom internet era tennis internet site completely have not yet great flavour no appetite for; in order to to be serviced; to service level of education; educational qualification qualification; certificate

8 3

literature bedroom regardless whether . . . or . . . five Chinese spices midnight Western cuisine; Western food

6 7 11 4 5 4

8 3 8 7 2 5 1 2 8 11* 11* 12* 7 10 11 10 9 9 10* 3 8 1 12* 5 1 3 9 10 7 8

Chinese–English glossary

xq shì xià kè xiàdìng juéxTn xiàgtng xion píng csn xiàndàihuà xitnde xiong chx xitng dào xiong zhèn xiàng . . . xuéxí

Est Til TS*'f> TN

(WW BBftf

a# Hit fjij

£!S [S]...^3]

xiongcsn xitngxiàng xitngxitng qqngxián

£# Silt »*;f

xiongyóu xionmui xián-rén-mian-j'm

S?l l¥H fflA&ifi Hi?

xiànxiàng xiànzhì xiànzhuàng xiào duì xiào fong xito hé xito shíhòu xiào wài xito xué xioofèizhu xioohào xito kuài xiooshì xiooshòu bù xitoshur xiooxi xiàozhtng xiàtion xiàzti xiu xqfongrén xífù xíguàn

PSftiJ BB5K

SPA 8£ /J\;5J /JMtfl

8^ /J\S£

>!«# Jlfi /J\±A Jlffi

IIM /J\$ ;pj,t 8-R H35 Tit 1 H£A ilia 33 tl

Western style to finish class to have firm determination be laid off Xianping village modernised to appear to get along; to get on to think of; think about village and town to learn from countryside to imagine to enjoy the happiness of leisurely and relaxed life sesame oil tasty, delicious No entry phenomenon to restrict current situation school/college team school authority small river when I was small outside the college primary school consumer to consume, to use up small pieces to disappear; to disintegrate sales department novel news (as in ’good news’) headmaster summer to download to write Westerner wife habit

287

4 7 10* 8 12* 1 7 11 10 12 3 2 1 11* 4 1 9 11 9 10* 6 7 9 9 10 7 12 9 4 11 12 6 10 7 1 10 1 5 5 7

288

|

Chinese–English glossary

xqhóngshì xìjù xqlánhuo xqn fán xqn fáng

saw

tomato

12

drama

7

WE ibm ffS

broccoli

12

troubled

10*

bridal chamber

11

mm

(lit. new room) xqn nián

ff^

New Year

5

xqn pvnzhwng

ffsw

new produce

12

xqnán bù

Httt ViW

southwest part

2

xíngzhèng csn

administrative village

12*

xíngchéng

WWL

to form; to take shape

11*

xìngfú

*I

happiness

11

xìngyùn de shì

^JSJI if as

fortunately

11

bridegroom (lit. new man)

11

m& mm

bride (lit. new woman)

11

news

12

xqnláng xqnniáng xqnwén xìnyòng k t

ls,t isffl

information credit card

10

xisgti

. . . 2 g (wúlùn . . . háishì), difference 11 ^ i X . . . £E (bù jin . . . hái) 10 ^FH (bú shì) in yes-no questions 1 /t (cái) 5 ffft (cheng) and BJ-f (jiào) 5 CfeSff (chi yào) 3 8tl=r (còuhé, make do) 11 iiSS (chulái) to indicate the result of a verb 12 {HIE (dànshì) and ffn (ér) or HJIE (keshì), difference 7 B H l f ( d à o . . . s h i r i 6 u ) 11 III til (dàoyeshì) 6 Kf (de) before a noun or noun phrase 7, 8 ffl (de) to indicate the past 1 Kf (de) to introduce a noun clause 1, 3 f# (de) to link a verb and an adverb 1, 10 f# (de) 6 f# (de) before verbal phrase or clause 10 f# . . . 'M (dé . . . bìng) 3 f# (dei, have to) 9 f|5 (dou), emphatic 1 ^ (duo) 3 ^ ^ (duo shao) and /L (ji), difference 1 Tfn" (ér) 4

Index to language points

rM (ér) and {J3|E or 7 1 1 (dànshì, keshì), difference 7 BW (fèi shíjian) 4 ^...®TiL(gei...liúxià yìnxiàng, leave impression o n . . . ) 12