Limba engleză: bacalaureat scris şi oral 9789737540904 [PDF]

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LIMBA ENGLEZA evaluarea competen,e or lingvistice de com icare

30 de variante pentru scris 90 de variante pentru oral

Tania MU$INA (coordonator) © Editura "AULA" S.c. AULA MAGNA S.R.L. a.p. 11, c.P. 962, Bra~ov, 500610 Telefon/Fax: 0268/31.86.47; 32.66.47; 0725.915.335 editura _au [email protected] www.aula.ro Redactor: lonela Cerbu Tehnoredactare: lonela Cerbu Corectura: autoarele Coperta: Radu Silvestru

Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Nationale a Romaniei Limba engleza: bacalaureat scris ~i oral Tania Mu~ina (coord.) Bra~ov: Aula, 2010

811.111(075.5) 371.279.8:373.5

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LIMBA ENGLEZA evaluarea competentelor lingvistice de com unicare - 30 de variante pentru scris -

- 90 de variante (subiecte) pentru oral -

AULA

EXAMINARE SCRISA.·

.WRITTEN EXAMINATION .

30 de variante rezolvate - 30 de subiecte de tip I A (Reading Comprehension)

- ~O de subiecte de tip'I B (Writing)

Pentru Examinarea scrisa (Writing Examination), care dureaza 90 de minute, exista doua tipuri de cerinte (subiecte), fiecare cu doua niveluri de dificultate (elevii pot alege unul din cele doua niveluri).

- 15 variante cu 7 itemi (mai u~oare) - 15 variante cu 10 itemi (mai dificile)

"Write an email to your English speaking friend explaining that you would like to apply to do a course at one of the colleges in the city he lives. Tell him/her what type of studies you have been doing for the past few years and ask for assistance in contacting an appropriate institution. Write your answer in 80-100 words."

"You have seen this announcement in a high school magazine: "Describe you best experience as a student. ". Write your answer in 180-200 words."

Indiferent de ce veti alege la examen, rezolvarea tuturor variantelor va asigura 0 pregatire completa pentru Limba engleza. Examinare scrisa (Writing Examination).

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 'Right' (A) or 'Wrong' (B)? If there is not enough information to answer 'Right' (A) or 'Wrong' (B), choose 'Doesn't say' (C). Mark A, B, or C on your exam sheet. I moved from Korea to the USA when I was 14 years old. The first few weeks were great - everything was exciting and different. Going to the supermarkets was an adventure: the foods were all new to me and everything was so big! The biggest culture shock for me was going to high school. First of all, I looked different. All the other girls looked so much older than me. They wore make-up and coloured their hair. And I never went to a school with boys before. So the first thing I did to try to fit in was have a perm. I also started wearing makeup, but I wasn't very good at putting it on. My eye-liner always seemed to smudge and my lipstick was always the wrong colour. I loved nail polish though. I used to wear different colours on each finger. I also got my ears pierced. I found Americans a lot more open than Koreans. When I ate my dinner in the cafeteria, I always tried to ignore the boys and girls kissing each other over the table. People don't do that in Korea. I found it hard to eat my dinner! The other thing I found hard was holding hands (or not holding hands). In Korea girls hold hands with girls, but in America people think that's really weird. Instead girls hold hands with their boyfriends. I thought that was really weird! I wasn't cool either. In Korea it's good to be clever and do well at school, but in America I was a nerd for liking study (and I wore glasses, which made it worse). I found making friends really hard. (www.hveser.de)

round face is framed by a mass of wavy white hair and her sparkling blue eyes show her humour and friendliness. She prefers wearing casual, comfortable clothes. I don't think I have ever seen her in a perfectly ironed suit. As for her personality, Mavis's most striking characteristic is her generosity. My house, as well as most of our neighbours', nearly always has a vase of flowers from her garden in the living room. Mavis is very good-natured and always has time for a chat. She is also patient. She hardly ever gets annoyed about anything, except her children pick her favourite roses and lilies. However, she tends to be quite stubborn - once she has made a decision, nothing can change her mind. All in all, Mavis is the perfect next-door neighbour. Since the day she moved in, we have grown very close and I am very fond of her, even if I am woken up by the noise of her lawnmower early in the morning!

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

Mavis has been my neighbour for six years. I first met her when she knocked on my door and asked for a spade because she hadn't yet unpacked hers. She had arrived in our neighbourhood two days before. Physically, Mavis looks younger than most other women in their late sixties. She is of average height, neither fat nor thin. Her plump

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

Remembrance Day takes place in Britain every year on the Sunday closest to November II tho It is held to remember all the heroes who died while fighting in World Wars I and II. Prior to the actual event, many schools and organizations rehearse for the parades which will be held on the day. Paper poppies are sold to the public, and they wear them in their lapels for a week or so before the event. The poppy flower, due to its bright red colour, symbolizes the blood shed by the soldiers during the war. On the actual day, war veterans join the parades, proudly displaying their medals, and they march or are pushed in wheelchairs down the streets to the cheers of the crowds. In the evening there is always a remembrance service, held at the Royal Albert Hall in London, which is televised live. Hymns are sung, speeches are made, and at the end of the service, thousands of poppies are dropped from the ceiling onto the audience below. Remembrance Day is a very important event. We should respect and feel proud of those peopl~ who died fighting in the wars as they played a very significant role in securing our country's freedom.

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

As I was just making my nightly rounds on Monday evening, I noticed a light coming from a third floor window of Scope Ltd. It must have been about 11.15 p.m. because I had checked my watch just minutes earlier. As I was proceeding to the maIn entrance to check for signs of a break-in I saw two men running out of the door towards the gate.

Both men seemed to be in their mid thirties and were rather tall with short brown hair. The) were wearing dirty ripped jeans and black leather jackets. They must have been professionals because they managed to get in and out of the bui Iding without setting off the sophisticated alarm system. 1 tried to go after them but was unable to catch them because they got into a black Ford Cortina and drove off in the direction of Tackinton. About two minutes later 1 heard a bomb explode and saw flames coming out of the third floor windows. The fire soon spread to other floors, and the whole building was in flames within minutes. I quickly called the police and the fire brigade who arrived at 11:30.

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

Over the past few years, people have begun to travel to places they would only have dreamt of visiting thirty years ago, thanks to the possibilities offered by air travel. In my opinion, travelling by aeroplane cannot be compared with any other means of transport. To start with, there really is no faster way to travel. You can go from one country to another in a few hours which gives you more time to enjoy your trip, rather than waste time travelling and dragging your luggage around. Furthermore, you always feel well looked after on an aeroplane. You are served drinks and meals and offered newspapers and blankets which all help to make the journey mo~e comfortable and enjoyable. Of course, there are people who consider that travelling by plane can be a nightmare, with airport delays, cramped seats and turbulence to put up with. What is more, aeroplanes and airports are often targeted by terrorists, which makes some people think that travelling by plane in not safe. What they forget is that the number of deaths caused by cars is larger than that caused by planes. 1 consider that air travel will always remain popular. Its speed, comfort and convenience are very hard to beat. 1. Thirty years ago people only dreamt at the places they are travelling to now.

Haven to help wash the birds. They say the effects of the oil disaster will last for at least two or three years. Planes are now flying over the sea, spraying the sea with detergents to stop the oil. The accident happened when the "Sea Empress" was going to an oil refinery at Milford Haven. Organizations, such as Greenpeace and World Wide Fund for Nature, are calling the situation a disaster and are asking the Government to check the standard of oil tankers. The Government says that the Department of Transport will investigate the accident.

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer' "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

5. The birds, the dolphins and other species will be affected by the accident.

Helicopters rescued 28 sailors from the oil tanker the Sea Empress last night. The tanker is spilling tons of oil into the sea from its broken tanks. It crashed into the rocks near Milford Haven in bad weather on Thursday night. The tanker is now losing oil from five of its twelve tanks and there are already reports that hundred of sea birds are covered in oil. Philip Rothwell, from Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, said that the news was extremely bad: "This accident will affe~t n~t o~ly. the birds but also dolphins and many underwater species. Wildlife experts and volunteers are waiting near Milford 14

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on you r exam sheet.

Another day has passed and I am still here. I am alive.b~t n?w all my friends and relatives are gone. Today I. went to VISIt Nicolas Smith, my only friend, and when I got to his house, I saw the red cross painted on the door. This cross shows that the people in the house have the plague; nobody can enter into the house. It is one way to try 1'0 stop the disease. An?ther way is. to ma~e big fires outside in the streets, to clean the air. But there IS nothmg that can stop the plague. . This terrible illness began last year and already there are at least 60000 people dead. The same symptoms appear all the time: the victims feel pains all over their body, especially under the arms, and their bodies get hotter and hotter and then they go mad. After a few days, they die. I think that there is no cure for the plague. A lot of people get special medicine from the doctors, but it does not help the patients; they still die. . . Where does the illness come from? Many people thmk It comes from God. He is angry with us for the bad things that happen in the evil city. Some people say that dogs and cats are responsible; they think that animals carry the disease, so they kill them. Now, there are more rats than usual; I can see rats everywhere in the streets. When will this plague disappear? How long will I live? ("The Diary of Samuel Pepys from 1659-1669", in "The Shorter Pepys ", London, Bell & Hyman, 1989)

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

I've lived in Chalham all my life. In general I like living here, but there are problems. For example, my school is 30 kilometres away. in Benton, and I need two hours to get there by bus. That is very boring. Finding things to do during the weekend is also difficult. Generally there aren't enough things to do in the village. There's only a sports club, and there are no discos. The closest town is Milton, but we can't go to the disco there, because the last bus to our village is at 6 pm. There exist only three busses a day, so we are a bit isolated around here.

The village changes very much in summer. Normally. around 1000 people live here, but in July and August, there are about 3000 peo~l~ here. Some of the visitors were born here, and they return to VISit their relatives; others are tourists. I'm not a big fan of summer, for me the noise is a problem too. Riding your bike becomes dangerous. That is one of the advantages of living in a village: you don't have traffic problems, and there is no pollLltion, at least in winter.

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

Two years ago Steve and Margaret Smith took a very difficult decision. They decided to sell their house and buy a new home. Their family thought they were mad and their friends couldn't believe their ears. Why such a change? Well, what's unusual about the Smiths is that they left a house with three bedrooms in London for something totally different. " Where they live now, they don't have neighbours, there's no traffic and they only see countryside from their wi.ndow. When they get tired of one place, they simply move to a new place. Up t6 now they moved three times - they stay in one area forpbout six months. Of course, this can be a problem because their friends never know where they can find them. Their new home is very small. In fact Steve and Margaret sleep, cook, eat and relax in a single room. The kitchen area has a sink and a cooker, and there is a separate bathroom. But they are not bothered by the size - they say it's very comfortable and they have .everything they need. They have a television set and a microwave too. For the Smiths shopping is very difficult as the shops at a big distance from their home. Steve says that the next stop will be outside a supermarket! Now they are thinking of the summer holiday. Hotels won't be a problem for them!

5. When they are bored of one place the Smiths can change their address. .

penguins to advertise fridges. and a cat to advertise heating. In the commercials \:ick 's character move and speak. Although th; adverts were only around one minute long, the process of making them was extremely slow as every movement needed to be fi Imed and there were thousands of movements in each advert. Since the film "Creature Comfort", Nick has won more Oscars for cartoons using plasticine characters. These films last 30 minutes. In the near future Nick intends to make a full-length film. The only problem is ti me!

2. Nick started to be interested in animation at the age of ten.

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

Nick Park is famous all over the world for his animations. His interest began when he was 12. He saw a documentary about Walt Disney and the way he made his cartoons and decided to experiment with his father's old film camera. He created his first ·animated cartoon at the age of 13. Twenty years later, Nick was awarded the Oscar for a short film entitled "Creature Comforts". After this big success an electricity company decided to use the animals to advertise their electrical products, for example they used

6. In the commercials

ick's characters moved but didn't speak.

Subiecte

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

3 . ·The author can remem bel' the faces of the persons who ran the k Ind ergarten. A

Right

B

W

rong

C

Doesn't say

4. The author is sure the persons who ran the kindergarten were nice. A It is amazing how little we remember about our life before the age of seven or eight. I can tell you different things that happened to me from eight onwards, but just a few things before that. I went for a year to Elmtree House, but I can't remember how my classroom looked. Nor can I picture the faces of Mrs Corfield and Miss Tucker, the two sisters who ran the kindergarten. although ('m sure they were very nice and kind. I vaguely remember sitting on the stairs and trying over and over to tie my shoelaces. This is what I can remember at this distance of the school itself. On the other side, I can remember very well the journeys I made to and from the school as they were extremely exciting. This because every day I rode my tricycle on my way to school, together with my sister and her tricycle. We used to race at enormous tricycle speeds down the middle of the road and then, most glorious of all, when we came to a corner, we would lean to one side and take it on two wheels. This is about all that I can remember from my kindergarten period, sixty-two years ago. It's not much but I treasure it!

(Excerpts from "Boy: Tales of Childhood " by Roald Dahl (Jonathan Cape/Penguin Books» . 1. People don't remember age of seven or eight.

Right

5. The author shoelaces: A

Right

remembers

B

W

very well his

rong

C

experience

with the

Doesn't say

6. The author was a beautiful child in kindergarten. A

R.ight

B

W

rang

C

Doesn't say

7. The author liked riding the tricycle with his/her sister. A

Right

" Read ~,hete?xt below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or ,,:r~~,~ (B). If there is not enough information to answer Ig (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

too much about their life before the

If There ar.e only two types of dinner party: successes and failures e~erythlng go.es well, you will have the satisfaction of bein~ c~nsldered a SOCIal:uccess by all your acquaintances; if it doesn't ~ llyour ~ay, you WIll encourage the silences that will explore the u meaning of the word "awkward". B The most sensible. course of action is never choose to be a host ut you want to be m the lime-light, so here it is. .

Although it might seem a contradiction, wherever possible, avoid having dinner parties in your own home. An alternative location with great success is a restaurant. You don't have to serve the guests and you don't 'have to cook. The most satisfying aspect is the fact that you split the cost of the evening with your guests. If you have no choice and throw a dinner party at home make sure you don't have too many guests, the ideal .is to have three or four couples and a single person who will be your rescuer. At the table try to involve your guests in serving the food by telling them that this an old Tibetan custom. This will be a conversation point. Try to avoid talking about politics as it is all the time an argument for contradictions. .

("The Observer ", "Protocol: a guide to modern living: how to hold a dinner parry ", "High-tech disaster threatens police computer systems" by Robin McKie and Richard Sharpe)

5. A good choice for a dinner party place is the restaurant. A

Right

B

Wrong

f

C

Doesn't say

Read the text below. Are the sentences I~7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, B, C on your exam sheet.

Butterflies have from early time been associated with human souls. In ancient Egypt, the soul at death was considered to leave the body just like the butterfly leaves the chrysalis. In Burma the soul-butterfly is believed to fly abroad when its owner sleeps, meeting the soul-butterflies of other persons and animals and returning when the person wakes up. The children from Burma learn to never awaken anyone too suddenly because it is believed that if the soulbutterfly can't come back in time the person will die. In Gaelic tradition, the persons who died recently were thought to be sometimes visible in the form of a butterfly hovering over the corpse. In Ireland, this was a sign of everlasting happiness for the soul. In Scotland, a golden butterfly over a dying person was considered to be a very good omen for his or her future welfare. A legend tells how a soul wandered through time and place, and came back to the body in butterfly form. When it almost entered the man's mouth a neighbour killed it. It is said that the man died at once.

(A P Watt Ltd on behalf of Edith M Horsley and Christina Hole for "Butterflies" from "The Encyclopedia of Superstitions " by E and M A Radford, edited and revised by Christina Hole)

In the south west of England, one can find small villages for fishing purposes and also for a peace and quiet period. In the north east of England you can walk along the coast of J\orthumberland without meeting anyone at all. On the south coast you can enjoy the sun and the beautiful beaches of the English Riviera. If you prefer a holiday with a lot of people and a lot of fun then you can go to a big holiday resort like Blackpool on the west coast of England or Brighton on the south coast. Or maybe you would like to spend your holiday in a cam. You can find them allover the country, especially near the popular resorts. In a camp you have dances, palties, special arrangements for children and a lot of games and Sport. 5, In Scotland golden butterflies A

Right

8

Wrong

are considered C

good omens.

Doesn't say

6. The butterfly from the legend managed to enter into the man's mouth.

2. In Britain people have two weeks of holiday.

3. July is the only popular month for going on a holiday.

4. On the roads to the seaside you can't find motorbikes.

Read the text below. Are the senten~es 1-7 "~ight" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough mformatlOn to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (8), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mark A, 8, C on your exam sheet. HOLIDAY DESTINATIONS Some towns on the English coast have only small population~ in winter but in summer there come thousands and thousands oftounst~. Most 'people in Britain have at least two weeks to spent .thelr holiday. July and August are the most popular months for .holIdays and there is always a lot of traffic on the roads to the seasIde.

5. You can fish in the south west of England.

6. Beaches can be found on the English Riviera.

Read the text below. Are the sentences 1-7 "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B)? If there is not enough information to answer "Right" (A) or "Wrong" (B), choose "Doesn't say" (C). Mar:k A, B, C on your exam sheet.

The common meals in Britain are breakfast, lunch, tea, and supper. Traditionally, breakfast is a bigger meal than on the continent, but during the week, when everybody works. there is no time for a rich breakfast, just for a cup of coffee or tea, a piece of toast or a bowl of cereal. On Sundavs breakfast consists of half a grapefruit or orange juice, porridg~, bacon and eggs and toast and marmalade, if you are very hungry. On a weekday, lunch is not a big meal. The people who work eat sandwiches, or a salad, and some fruit, or yoghurt. If you want a hot meal you can go to the canteens. Sunday lunch is the main meal of the week. Now you can eat roast beef or chicken, accompanied by potatoes a'nd one or two vegetables. Desert can be anything: ice-cream, apple-pie or a h'ot pudding. The traditional practice of afternoon tea, consisting oftea., sandwiches, cake and biscuits, is not so frequent- nowadays. as people don't have time. The evening meal is the meal for all the family. Dinner takes place early in the evening, around six 0 'clock when all the members of the family come home from work or school. This is a hot meal, usually with meat and vegetables. Supper is usually later, or out at a restaurant. I. During the week the British eat a lot in the morning.

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

In ancient societies, athletics and especially competitive contact game~ aI.ways have been, but aggression in the past was tempered by a~ II1slstence that playing hard, playing to win, did not countenance playll1g to cheat and to hurt. One of the very first nations that expresse~ a~hleti: ideals, were the Greeks. As enunciated by Pindar, t~e ~thletlc Id~all~corpora,ted courage and endurance with modesty, dl~lty, and falr-mmdedness, thpse elusive qualities the Greeks called :'ldos .. As spo~s becan;e more specialized, the general populace mcreaslngly Withdrew mto spectatorship. Sports history reveals that al~hough Greek sports had increasingly marred by corruption and bnbes, nonetheless they flourished in an era which witnessed the rapid expansion of stadiums and arenas under the Roman Empire.

During the Roman Empire. violence in sports became the generally accepted principle and spectators not only endorsed it but also embraced it as a social norm. [n recent years sports violence has become to be perceived as a social problem. Commissions have been appointed in Canada and England to investigate violence among hockey players and soccer fans. Numerous examples of violence in professional sports exist today, as countries like the United States, Canada. Greece. [taly and Germany, report court cases have been heard which concern the victims of violence perpetrators. Newspapers, magazines and television programs portray bloodied athletes and riotous fans at hockey, boxing. football, soccer. baseball, and basketball games with what appears to be increasing regularity. But are sports violence incidents actually increasing, and if so. what is the reason of such a negative increase? Or does the heightened public attention and media focus on sports violence reflect not an increase in the incidence or severity of aggression, but greater public concern with moral issues and political discourse? Contrary to popular belief, there appears to be growing dissatisfaction with sports violence. Changes in sports rules, developments in the design of equipment and even the physical characteristics of modern sports arenas evolved in an effort to reduce violence or its consequences. But still, among athletic management teams, government officials, fans and athletes themselves, there is an ambivalence attitude towards sports violence. The ambivalence takes the form of justifying the existence of violence in sports, but not taking personal responsibility for it. Coaches and managers tend to blame fans, saying that violence is what attracts people into stadiums, as the risk entailed makes the game more "interesting". Athletes frequently admit that they are opposed to violence, but it is expected of them by coaches. Fans justify it by attributing aggressiveness to athletes and to situational aspects of the game. Spectators view violence as an inherent part of some sports as one cannot play games like hockey or football, without accepting the necessity of violent action. Nevertheless, public opinion tends to focus more and more on sports violence as major advances in the technologies used have increased media coverage making information available to a vast

global audience. Thus. contemporary critics tend to consider sports violence as a worldwide phenomenon with highly disturbing future course and social outcomes. (Jonathon Hardcastle. ).11).1111'. enzinearticles. com) I. A B C D

[n ancient societies athletics and competitive contact games were rough. football and contact games were rough. only competitive contact games were rough. no game was rough.

2. A B C D

During the Roman Empire, spectators tried to tolerate violence in sports. detested any type of violence in sports. regarded violence in sports as a social norm. did not support violence in sports.

3. Sports violence has started to be regarded as a social problem A lately. B since the 70's. C these days. D since the beginning of the 20th century. 4. Canada and England A are able to explain violence among hockey players. B are trying to discover the cause of violence among hockey players. C show no concern about sports violence. D are in favour of sports violence. 5. A B C D

Regarding sports violence there seems to be a feeling of appreciation. dissatisfaction. indifference. support.

6. A B C D

In order to reduce violence only sports rules have been changed. mass media coverage has been banned. sports rules and equipment design have been modified. sport rules, equipment design and sports arenas have been adjusted.

7. Government officials, fans and athletes A have the same attitude towards sports violence. B are ambivalent towards sports violence. e take personal responsibility for sports violence. D try not to justify sports violence. 8. Risk makes the game more interesting according to A coaches. B fans. athletes. D government officials.

e 9. A B C D

The tendency of the public opinion towards sports violence is to show less interest. to be more concentrated on it. to show disapproval. to accept it.

10. Critics regard sports violence as A an international reality. B a local reality. a regional reality. D a national reality.

e

cultures are, by way of contrast to the British, much less concerned to avoid conflict private or personal encounters. Perhaps there is a principle in '"aggression management" here: every culture has developed some ways of fetting off steam, has some areas in which people are allowed to express their true feelings. The immediate linguistic consequepce of open conflict - avoidance is that you need to know what to do and what to say, for example, when someone takes a position in a queue in front of you, accidentally stand son your toe in a bus or disagrees with you in a public gathering. In the public gathering, depending on the nature of the meeting, the British reaction may be to confront disagreement openly and respond vigorously. In the other more personal situations, the same individual may work hard at taking a middle route between doing nothing and engaging in open conflict. In doing so, he or she will expect a similar cooperative response from the other person, such as an apology like, '"Oh, sorry, I didn't realise .. :'. In other cultures, behaviour might well be the opposite - a great effort to reduce conflict in a public meeting and robust responses in the private situations. Within our own cultures, w.e understand the conventions and know when people are being normally polite or normally outspoken. The difficulties come when we make errors in an unfamiliar environment.

("British Shibboleths, One language, different cultures ", edited by Eddie Ronowicz and Colin Yallop, The Continuum International Publishing Group Ltd.) Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

An underlying principle of cultural behaviour, which is closely reflected in the language, is the need to avoid face-to-face conflict. Even though the British may appear unpleasantly blunt when compared with some Asian cultures, they are on the whole concerned to offer a way out whenever a potential conflict between individuals occurs. This may be compared with public confrontations in large committees or the Parliament where much more confrontation goes on. Some

1. An underlying principle of cultural behaviour language is: A avoiding face-to-face conflict B using face-to-face conflict creating face-to-face conflict D understanding face-to-face conflict

reflected in the

e

2. The British A don't want a way out from conflicts B are just like the Asians regarding conflicts are preoccupied to find solutions for conflicts between individuals D ignore face-to-face conflicts

e

3. A B C D

Other cultures are more concerned to avoid conflicts don't talk about conflicts consider conflicts insignificant are less concerned by avoiding conflicts -

4. A B C D

Every culture the same way to calm down has its own way to calm down tries to have less confl icts lets off steam with a lot of work

5. A B C D

When you want to avoid a conflict you must know what to do you must be careful you must know what to do and what to say you must know what to say

6. A B C D

In public confrontations the British avoid open conflict are vigorous in response are confronting openly are vigorous in response and confront openly

7. A B C D

In personal situations the British are less conflictive are more agressive are extremely diplomatic are looking for the middle route

8. A B C D

In other cultures, in public confrontations people make a lot of efforts to reduce the conflict make less efforts to reduce the conflict ignore the people around don't do anything

9. In other cultures, in private conflictuaI situations people A offer more vigorous responses B show more respect

C show more respect and offer more vigorous responses D are extremely violent 10. A problematic situation is A when we make a mistake in unknown environment B when we make errors in another country C when we don't care about the others D there is no problematic situation

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

INTERVIEWER: Considering you belong to one of the glitziest professions there is, along with showbiz, you seem to have your feet pretty much on the ground. HELENA CHRISTENSEN: I truly believe that who you are is because of your family, you know, the way that you were brought up, the love that you get from your family, the discipline from them. It all goes back to childhood no matter what happens later in your life. And also, probably, coming from Denmark has kept me very grounded because there's not too much about fame, the same way that other countries are obsessed with it. In Denmark it's who you are and you shouldn't think you are more than anybody else. And, all in all, I would really say that it has helped me coming from a country like Denmark. INTERVIEWER: You have a really good reputation in the industry for being very professional; you come in, you do the job, you go home. There's no baggage, noJantrums and tempers. HELENA: Well, that's nice to hear, but, for me, that was the only way to deal with the job because it's such a strange job. If I didn't do it that way, if I created problems for myself, not just coming in, showing up, doing the job and leaving, if I thought too much about it, then I don't know if I would've been able to do this job. I think the only way to do it was just actually doing it that way.

INTERVIEWER: I know it's a difficult question, but why do you think you rose to the top? Was it a mixture of talent and luck, being in the right place at the right time? , HELENA: It was a mixture of all that. You know, you can't reilily define your look, or why your look was perfect for the time. But I was really lucky. When I went to Paris for the first time I didn't really have any intentions of working as a model. I came down to eat, basically because I was invited to a week-end of good food, and it was the show week that week, and I went to see some clients and met some of the most amazing people in the industry. But it was not really that important to me. It wasn't what I wanted to do at that time. INTERVIEWER: What did you want to do? HELENA: I· wanted to travel the world and take photos. Most people think I'm starting photography now, but actually, I did it before and did a bit of modelling in between. INTERVIEWER: Did a bit of modelling in between! That's one way of putting it. Do you think that all those years that you spent in front of the camera make you a better photographer? HELENA: Obviously, working with some of the most amazing photographers in the world, you soak it all in and get a bit of their experience. And I'm very curious about everything I see in life. INTERVIEWER: What kind of photographs do you take, is it glamour shots or do you tend to go more for the real person as it were, showing them 'as they really are, warts and all? HELENA: I'm definitely more into taking portraits of people as they really are, getting something from them deep inside out through their faces. And i.t's an amazing thing taking photographs, portraits, as every time it's such an intimidating sensation when you take portraits of someone, and I know it makes me feel a little shy and nervous and it also makes the person that you do portraits to feel a little strange about it because it's a very naked feeling to be that close to someone. I. A B C

o

Helena considers that a person's that person's family that person's friends that person's family and friends all kind of factors

way of being is due to

2. A B C

o 3. A B C

o

In Denmark people are not preoccupied by fame are obsessed by fame crave for fame consider fame useless Coming from Denmark was an insignificant aspect was the best thing in Helena's life didn't matter too much helped Helena in her career

4. A B C

For the reporter being professional means just do your job come in time to work go home after you've done your job o come in, do your job and go home

5. A B C

o

Being a model is the strangest job in the world is a strange job to have is a pleasant job is a prosperous job

6. Helena got to the top A because she was lucky B because she was in the right place at the right time C because she had talent, luck and she was in the right place at the right time o because she had talent and she was lucky 7. A B C

The first time Helena went to Paris was for a photo shooting to eat good food during one weekend for a shooting and for good food o to take photos

8. Helena started taking photos A when she was a model B before she was a model

C before she was a model and during her model career

o after 9. A B C

o

her model days

Helena takes more portraits because people's face is expressive this way things from the inside are taken out the eyes show everything people are easy to work with

10. When one takes a portrait A the photographed person feels a little bit naked B the photographer feels naked C it's a great feeling o the photographer and the photographed person are too close

were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men. black men as well as white men. would be guaranteed the unalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead ofhonoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people'a bad check, a check which has come back marked "insufficient funds". But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of oPPOltunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this checka check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood.

(Martin Luther King, "/ Have a dream ", Speech delivered on 28 August /963, At the Lincoln Memorial) Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

Five years ago, a great American signed the Emancipa:ion Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon I1ght of hope to millions of negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exiled in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the "Constitution" and the "Declaration of Independence", they

I. A B C

o 2. A B C

o 3. A B C

o

The Emancipation Declaration a wonderful American a great American great Americans a great president

was signed by

"The Proclamation" is a sign of hope for all the people hope for the white people freedom hope for the black slaves One hundred years later the Negro is in his own land has a big role in the American society feels isolated in his own land has a better life

4. The architects of the country are A all the citizens B the white people

C the rich people D the leaders 5. A B C D

The promissory note was for black people and white people the young people the young people, for black people and white people the rich

6. A B C D

All men were guaranteed the right to life to happiness to freedom to life, happiness, freedom

7. A B C D

The author considers America has respected the promise made to all men hasn't respected the promise made to black people has respected the promise made to the citizens of colour has repe~ted the promise made to white people

8. The Africar-Americans A B C D

were given a bad check received no money received a blank check got what they wanted

9. A B C D

The Afro-Americans want to cash the check which gives them everything they wished for riches freedom freedom and justice

10. The author wants all the people to be A solid like the rock B brothers C friends D equals

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

The world's scientists have given their harsh warning yet that failure to cut greenhouse gas emissions will bring devastating climate change within a few decades. As droughts affect more areas for more prolonged periods. it is estimated that global food production will fall by 10%. Conversely. we are experiencing more .powerful hurricanes which result in both human tragedy and costly damage to infrastructure. There are dire predictions of 80 millio[l people being exposed to malaria and 2,5 billion to dengue fever. The 2007 report the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (JPCC) concludes that average temperatures could increase by as much as 6.,4°C by the end of the century if emissions continue to rise at the present rate. However, they do concede that a rise of 4°C is more likely. The forecast is still higher than previous estimates because scientists have discovered that the Earth is less able to absorb carbon dioxide than previously believed. What would a 4°C increase in temperature mean? According to the IPeC, it would wipe out hundreds of species, bring extreme food and water shortages in vulnerable countries and hundreds of millions of people would be displaced as a result of catastrophic flooding. As warming is likely to be more severe towards the poles, the melting of the Greenland and west Antarctic ice sheets would accelerate. Dr. Wainwright explained that the 2007 report painted a gloomier picture than the 200 I report because scientists have discovered "feedbacks" in the global carbon cycle that seem to be adding to the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and producing a cumulative effect. She goes on to suggest that this could mean at least another 1°C should be added to present estimates. Moreover, Dr. Wainwright concludes that there is little room for doubt that human activity is to blame for the global warming. However, Mark Gibson of Environment Watch goes to. great lengths to point out that such an outcome is not inevitable. If there

were a significant switch to clean and resource efficient technologies, we should cut expected temperature rises by half. He stresses that what is needed is international political commitment to take action something which has been absent so far. (Extract ii'om "What's the Weather? " in New Scientist J 6. 09. 2000, www.Newscientist.com )

1. The greenhouse gas emissions A will cause devastating changes in future B are devastating C will be devastating for nature o are not dangerous yet 2 Global food production A won't be a problem B will be better by 10% C will be affected by 10% o will be by 10% bigger 3. The powerful hurricanes A determine human tragedies B cause material damages C have no solution o cause human tragedies and material damages 4. IPCC says A temperature will be affected in future B temperature will decrease C temperature will be dangerous for people o nothing about temperature changes in future 5. Scientists discovered A that the Earth can absorb more carbon dioxide B that the Earth can't absorb carbon dioxide as it did in the past C the Earth has big problems D noth~ng new 6. If temperature increases A floods will appear . B animal species disappear

C hunger may appear . .. . o hunger and big floods will appear and species will disappear 7. Dr. Wainwright says A it's people's fault'for global warming " B we can doubt about people's contribution to global warmIng C global warming is not dangerous yet . o it's not just the people to blame for global warmIng 8. A B C

o

Mark Gibson says . there is no chance for us to stop temperature rises we might be able to cut temperature rises we can't find solutions to our problem nothing about temperature cuts

9. A B C D

Mark Gibson considers politics can't help politics not important politics should get involved politics a cause for our problem

10. Politicians A have been preoccupied by global warming B don't have an opinion C showed no interest in global warming o wanted to take action

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text. YOU'RE FAT? IT'S NOT YOU, IT'S THE GENES CHOCOHOLICS no longer need to feel guilty about their craving. They are simply the victims of their genes, scientists have found. The so-called "sweet tooth gene" has been identified by separate teams of researchers and helps explain why some find it harder to . resist chocolate bars and cream cakes.

It also raises the possibility of designing a drug which could "switch off' the geNe and help people resist sugary foods. Children. in particular, risk their health by eating too many sweets and chocolates. To identify the gene, the research teams - based at Harvard Medical School in Boston and Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York - conducted almost .identical experiments using mice which have differences in their ability to taste sweet foods. They compared the DNA of the two types of mice and noticed differences in the gene called TI R3.Dr. Gopi Shanker, of the Mount Sinai team, said: "It contains information which produces a protein called «the sweet taste receptor». This recognises the sweet content of food and initiates a cascade of events which signal to the brain that a sweet food has been eaten. Dr. Shanker added: "Exactly the same gene exists in humans, so it means that, if your parents have a sweet tooth, then you probably will as well." Research by the Harvard team has come to the same conclusion. But Aubrey Sheiham, professor of dental public health at University College. London. said the results did not provide chocoholics with an excuse to give up dieting. He said: "We have always known that some people have a sweeter tooth than others. But it has also been proved that if you gradually expose people to less sugar. then the body becomes accustomed with a lower level of sweetness. Mr. Sheiham warned against any form of gene therapy which sought to deactivate the sweetooth gene. We have produced this gene through evolution because sweet foods in nature are not poisonous and also give us energy. We all need to have some sugar in our diet. The U.S. researchers are using their discovery to develop artificial sweeteners without an aftertaste.

("If bingeing on chocolate ... " by Paul Kendall, "Daily Mail 23.0-1.2000, "Daily Mail") l. A B C D

Scientists have discovered is not healthy is caused by the genes is our fault make as stronger

that eating too much chocolate

2. The sweet tooth gene explains A-why we eat so much chocolate B why we eat creamy cakes C why we eat chocolate bars D wl~y it's so difficult to resist to eat sweets 3. A B C D

A possible drug would make us eat less sugar be a huge progress help us resist the temptation not be good for the sweets companies

4. In their experiments

with mice the researchers A different things in a gene B the mice were identical C the mice eat the same sweets D nothing relevant

noticed

5. A B C D

The sweet taste receptor tells the brain what sweets have been eaten announces the brain that the person has eaten a sweet announces the brain how the body feels doesn't offer crucial information

6. A B C D

If your parents have a sweet tooh you will have a stronger sweet tooth you might not have a sweet tooth a sweet tooth for you is out of the question you will have a sweet tooth too

7. A B C D

The results of the experiments were an excuse for chocoholics to give up dieting didn't represent a reason for chocoholics to give up their diet were not concludent were the perfect excuse to continue eating

8. If people don't see/eat too many sweets/more sugar A the body gets used to fewer sweets/less sugar B the body craves for sweets

C it's dangerous for chocoholics o it's not a problem 9. A B C

o

One can have a diet without any sugar with a lot of sugar with some sugar with candies

10. The A want B want C want o don't

American researchers to create new kinds of sweets to create artificial sweeteners to develop natural sweeteners want artificial sweeteners

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

"My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel", said a very confident young lady of fifteen; "in the meantime you must try and put up with me." Framton Nuttel endeavoured to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which has supposed to be undergoing. "I know how it will be", his sister had said when he was prepairing to migrate to his rural retreat; "you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. 1 shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people 1 know there. Some of them, as far as 1 can remember, were quite nice."

Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction, came into the nice division. . "Do you know many of the people round here?" asked niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion. "Hardly a soul", said Framton. "My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you ~now; some four years ago, and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here:'He made the last statement in a tone of distinct regret. "Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?" pursued the self-possessed young lady. "Only her name and address", admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappleton was in the married or widowed state. An undefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculine habitation. "Her great tragedy happened just three years ago:' said the child; "that would be since your sister's time:' "Her tragedy?" asked Framton; somehow in this restful country spot tragedies seemed out of place. "You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon," said the niece, indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn. "It is quite warm for the time of the year:' said Framton; "but has that window got anything to do with the tragedyT'

(Extract from "The Open Window", by Saki (H. H. Munro) from www.classicsshorts.com ) 1. A B C

o

Mr. Nuttel has to take care of the young lady has to stay with the little lady while waiting for her aunt has to tolerate the young lady is the girl's guest

2. A B C D

Framton Nuttel was embarassed by the situation was distant with the niece ignored Mrs. Sappleton flattered the young lady

3. A B C D

Framton \luttel considered the visits useful for the nerve cure wasn't sure the visits were useful for the nerve cure wanted the visits to help the nerve cure was sure of the success of his visits

4. A B C D

Framton Nuttel moved to a big rural mansion moved to a rural house moved to a rural retreat moved in with his sister

5. A B C D

Framton Nuttel receive letters of introduction all the people his sister knows all the families a few people the richest people in the area

6. A B C D

Framton Nuttel knew Mrs SappIeton knew Mrs. Sappleton knew Mrs. Sappieton didn't know whether

7. A B C D

Framton Nuttel knew something about Mrs. Sappleton a lot about Mrs. Sappleton only the woman's name and address nothirig about the woman

8. A B C D

Framton Nuttel was sure a man lived in Mrs. Sappleton's house had a feeling that a man lived in Mrs. Sappleton's house wanted to know about the masculine presence in the house didn't see a man in the house

C the French window is opened on an October afternoon D the French window is not opened in October 10. Mr. Nuttel A looks at the French window B wonders if the window has a connection with the tragedy C wants to know if the window is French D wants to know if the winodow has a tragic story

fo

was from the nice category would receive him could help him Mrs. Sappleton was from the nice category

9. In the house A the windows are opened on an October afternoon B the windows are opened on a September afternoon

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best ~ccording to the text.

f

TRAVELLING BY PLANE - "I FEEL ABOUT AIRPLANES THE WAY I FEEL ABOUT DIETS." "They are wonderful things for other people to go on," Jean Kerr, an American dramatist once quipped. Flying has become safer, faster and cheaper but it seems ever more stressful. One frequent cause is the noise that children, especially bored ones, inflict on the other travellers. A year ago one magazine proposed that all planes should have child-free zones, just like no-smoking zones; children (and parents) should be confined to the back of the plane. As yet, sadly, no airline seems to agree that children should be screened and not heared. Un'deterred, we would like to raise another case of what economists call a negative externality. i.e. something which is nice for you but imposes costs on others. This is excessive carry-on luggage. In America six out often passengers now take a suitcase on to a flight rather than check it in, three times as many as in 1990. The result is delay, because flights take longer to board. Passengers trying to squeeze 3-foot suitcases into 2-foot bins hold up, people trying to board behind them. Some travellers have tried to take refrigerators, television sets and even a stuffed moose-head on board. The problems of both children and luggage could be solved in one stroke by putting the children in the hold, to make more space for carry-on luggage. But that, we concede, might be unacceptable. Instead, to reduce delays, most airlines are rightly imposing str icter

49

limits on the size or weight of bags that can be carried on to planes. This has provoked outrage as passengers are forcibly separated from their belongings at check-in. Understandably: if you put luggage in the hold, you have to wait ages for it at the other end if it shows up at all. Once you have experienced the nightmare of waiting at the luggage carousel until it stops, with no sign of the suitcase you checked in, it is clear why people prefer to lug their cases on board. You took a flight from London to Tokyo; your luggage and your smart clothes decided to hop on to one to Los Angeles. Not an externality but certainly negative. In America only 0,5% of bags go missing, but if you are a frequent traveller, that risk is too high. A survey of 150 frequent fliers found that two thirds had experienced some sort of delay or loss to their luggage in the previous 12 months. And, if luggage remains lost, your likely compensation is paltry - a maximum of$I,250 regardless of whether your clothes were bought at Wal-Mart or Armani. If airlines are to restrict carry-ons, therefore, they also need to offer better compensation for delayed or lost luggage. At the least they should extend frequent-flier miles to luggage as well as its owner: if your luggage travels to Tokyo via Los Angeles, you should get triple frequent-flier miles. In addition, passengers could be made to pay if they want to take extra luggage on board. Better still, given the frequent correlation between the size of the traveller and the weight of his (yes, his) carry-on, why not take a tip from Papua New Guinea? When flying within the country, a passenger used to be weighed along with his luggage before boarding the plane. Fight the flaband you can bring your bag on board. Aeroplanes and diets would then indeed be closely connected.

(Extract from "Gh, what a carryon! ", The Economist Newspaper Limited, London) 1. For Jean Kerr flying is A B C D

cheaper and faster safer, faster and more stressful safer, faster, cheaper and more stressful cheaper, faster and safer

2. A magazine suggested A children should not be allowed on planes B that the planes should have special chairs for children C that the planes should have zones where children shouldn't allowed D more non-smoking zones

be

3. Airlines A take into consideration putting the children and their parents at the back of the plane B don't agree with the isolation of the children on planes C want to keep the children screened and not heard D ignore all the problems 4. A B C D

Another problem regarding flying is the luggage the pilots the food and the blankets the the food, blankets and luggage

5. A B C D

Unchecked luggage causes much money to be paid nerves boarding delay much money to be paid and nerves

6. A B C D

Travellers put too many things for the number of suitcases they have take only what they need take stupid things from the duty free shops take many suitcases

7. A B C D

Airlines are imposing weight limjts for the bags size limits for the bags size and weight limits for the bags nothing

8. Passengers A B C D

don't like when they are separated from their belongings have to respect weight limits have to take one bag with them on the plane are separated from their belongings at the check-in

9. When you travel by plane there is a risk that A you take 'other person's luggage B your luggage is stolen C your luggage doesn't appear at the carousel D your luggage is confiscated 10. Planes and diets A have nothing in common B are both useful C are for men and women alike D have the weight as common element

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

They're a lesson in life! . George Marsh, head of posh Dulwich College Preparatory School in London, probably thought he was doing kids and parents a favour with his rousing speech at the annual prep school conference this week. He spoke of the pressures facing young people, who need to be nurtured during difficult pre-teen and teenage yea:s. Ab.ove all,. he said, we had researched a stage where the obsesSIOn wIth passmg exams was "killing the fun" of school. . We've all read this before. We've heard of the burnout kIds, pushed by ambitious parents until they're at the end.oftheir tethers, and gasped at the stories of the hothouse tloer chddren who feel

weak and tired in the real world. We've seen the headlines. "Pressures of work too much for our teenagers", they scream. Now we have Mr. Marsh's contribution about too many horrid exams spoiling the school's broth. In our child-obsessed society, the worst sin of all is to stop a child having ·'fun". It is right up there with smacking in the new millenium book of bad parenting. Children must be endlessly indulged, treated with kid gloves, escorted to amusement parks, given computer games and showered with pocket money. They must never have a minute when they're neither protected nor enjoying themselves. Heavens forbid that they should be told to study, strive and compete - words which seem to have taken on the quality of blasphemy. But whoever said school was meant to be fun? Yes, school is a place where a child develops and a rounded curriculum is vital. Our children should play sports, do drama, join choirs, hang out at playtimes. The rest of the time, however, they are there to learn and to achieve some basic qualifications that will, whether they want to accept it or not, cushion them when life gets really hard. Yet, in the current climate, saying that exams matter is tantamount to saying that our children should spend their teenage years at an Army boot camp. This is the same mentality that dictates there should be no winners at sports day in case other children get upset by coming second. It's the same misguided attitude that drives parerts to spray their kids with antiseptic to protect them from all known germs when actually they only end up sickly because their immune system never develops. Cosseting children in cotton wool does them few favours in the long run. Mr. Marsh is right when he says that we should shelter our children from the pressures of growing up too soon but there is a difference between sheltering and smothering. If he really wanted to do us all a favour in his speech, he should have told parents to get real. School can be tough and exams always are but then so is life - and it's best that children learn that particular lesson ~s early as possible.

(Extract from "Don't criticise exams ... ", "Daily Express, 28.09.2000)

1. George Marsh talked about A being a teenager B the pressures faced by the youngsters C teenager problems D parents and teenagers

C with treatments against germs D with vitamins 8. Mr. Marsh underlines A the problems in raising a child B the importance of sheltering the children C the importance of smothering the children D the difference between smothering and sheltering

2. A B C D

People are familiar with the idea that the children are burnt out the idea that parents are very ambitious children being great children being burnt out because of ambitious

3. A B C D

The headlines scream that there is too much pressure on children children aren't left alone parents spoil all the fun children are tired

4. A B C D

In our to tell to tell to tell to tell

5. A B C D

At s'chool the children play sports and do drama join the choir study, play sports, do drama, join the choir, socialize make friends

6. A B C D

Some people consider it's better to have no winners at sports to have all the children on the second place at sports not to have competitions at sports competition is not important

society a child a child a child a child

it to to to to

parents

is considered like a blasphemy work hard, study, compete and respect work hard compete, to work hard and to study study

7. Some parents protect their children A by spraying them with antiseptic B by giving them antiseptic substances

9. A B C D

Mr. Marsh should have told the parents to be careful to be real parents to get real to pay attention

10. It's best for the children to learn that schooL exams and life are tough A very early B later in life C as early as possible D when it's possible

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

When the 27-year-old Susan Maushart arrived at her marital home with her new husband after their honeymoon, she found herself suddenly acting very strangely. She proceeded directly to the bathroom and started cleaning and didn't stop until it had been scrubbed and polished from top to bottom. When that was done, she moved to the kitchen, pulled out a recipe book and started work on a casserole. Perfectly normal behavoiur for some blushing brides maybe, but for Maushart, an ardent feminist and hardened New Yorker who'd previously existed on fast food, this was decidedly out of character. "It was like some

weird way of marking out female territory", she says. "Scrubbing the bathroom felt good. Wifely, even." What Maushart had unwittingly found herself doing was participating in what she now terms "wifework" - that is the extra, unpaid labour that a woman takes on when she ties the knot. "I thought I was the last person it would happen to", she says. "But when I got married a metaniorphosis happened to me, it was bizarre." In her book, entitled "Wifework", Maushart sets out to explain . why an intelligent PhD student like herself should suddenly regress into archetypal fifties housewife mode. And by contemplating marriage in terms ofa simple calculation - a balance sheet, if you like, of the cost of getting hitched weighed up against the benefits - Maushart draws some disturbing conclusions. "The moment a man gets married", Maushart says, "his domestic workload almost disappears. He immediately gets about 70 per cent less cleaning, 50 per cent less cooking and 90 per cent less laundry. There are nowhere near these benefits for a woman when she gets married. And these days you're at pains to deny that you're doing it because apart from being exhausted by it, you're ashamed of yourself. " Maushart's motivation comes perhaps from her own marital experiences. Perhaps the alarm bells should have started ringing prior to tying the knot on her happy day. "[ remember being surprised when he requested, rather firmly, that [ refrain from smoking during our outdoor wedding reception.", she writes of her husband-to-be in the book. "But why now?" I wanted to know. "My cigarettes have never bothered you before. And everybody else will be smoking." "I'd just prefer that you didn't", he replied evenly. Things quickly went from bad to worse and within three years, the marriage had broken down and they went their separate ways. Drawing together research from the UK, America and Australia, "Wifework" is littered with some highly revealing nuggets of information. That two thirds to three-quarters of divorces are initiated by women, that ex-wives are much slower to re-marry than husbands, and that wives reported levels of depression two or three times higher than unmarried women. (Extract from "A woman's work is never done" by Lena Corner

copyright Independent News and Media Limited/Lena Corner 2002. first published in "The Independent" on 14.01.02)

1. Susan Maushart married A when she was very young B at the age of twenty-seven C very quickly D in her husband's home 2. When Susan came from her honeymoon A cooked B washed the clothes C cleaned the bathroom Date

she first

3. A B C D

When she cooked Susan used a recipe she knew by heart cooked her favourite dish used a cookery book an old recipe book

4. A B C D

Susan's behaviour at her return from the honeymoon was normal wasn't normal for a feminist like her was of great character was great

5. Susan A B C D

lives in New York considers that it is hard to live in New York hates New York wants to leave New York

6. For Susan "wifework" A B C D

means a wife's work a woman's work in the house unpaid work done by the wife unpaid work done by the wife after she has married

7. After a man and a woman get married A B C D

the the the the

man works less around the house woman works less around the house man works more woman works more around the house

was

8. After getting man-ied A the man has more benefits B the woman has more benefits, the mas has fewer benefits C the mas has fewer benefits D the Woman has fewer benefits, the man has more benefits 9. At the wedding reception, Susan's husband asked her A to quit smoking B not to smoke during the reception C to smoke less D to smoke just a few cigarettes 10. Who A wives B single C lonely D lonely

have stronger depressions? women women wives

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

"So, who was the last person to see Grace before she disappeared?" "We don't know". His voice rose again in agitation. "Well, the police aren't sure, which amounts to the same thing. After Charlie got back from school, Grace took him over to Mum's ..." "She drove?" "Yes. She stayed for a while, then drove back home." "At what timeT "About four, I think." "So, after Maggie, no one else seems to have seen her?" "Well, no one so far. But someone might well have seen her driving back or parking the car or going into the house. Or .. ." I thought he was being rather optimistic. Marsh House stood alone at the end of the quay some distance from the nearest house. It was perfectly possible that she had returned home - or travelled elsewhere - unseen.

"Well, it seems to me that here are at least three areas worth looking into, I announced. following close behind Will. as he advanced up the slope in long strides." The first is to check out the London end, which I'll arrange. The second is to make sure that no local infonnation has been missed - make sure the police have made sufficient house-to-house enquiries, asked the neighbours if they saw anything odd, that sort of thing. Sometimes neighbours don't realize the value of what they've seen, don't think of telling anyone about it until they're actually asked. The third ... "Will. listening hard, slowed down and I almost bumped into him ..." is to decide if the police search was adequate, to make sure they haven't gone to or"' - it had to be said - "been taken to. I would add a fourth area - forensic testing, fingerprints and so on - but ifit wasn't done almost immediately ..." ,'It wasn't", he reported darkly. "And vou didn't notice anything when you got back that morning - or si;ce? Tyre marks, smears of dirt, footprints, things like that?" "No!" The agitation had come back into his face and I added hastily, "It was only a thought. It's very rare to find anything like that." Reaching the path, Will paused. "Look... perhaps it might be the best if you did go and talk to the police", he said awkwardly. "you know which questions to ask." I said, in a rush, "Of course." "I always get so angry when I see them! I feel they're being so bloody useless! And the way they look at me, Alex! I know what they're thinking - they made it so bloody obvious!" He gave a short bitter laugh before shooting me a quick glance to see if I could guess what was coming. "They think I'm responsible! They think I must have done away with her." "They're bound to think that." He wasn't quite sure how to take this remark. "The great majority of disappearances are linked to family situations," I explained. "To stress or money worries. Or violence within the family. It's a statistics that gets drummed into the police, I'm ~farid. They're apt to get tunnel vision." He gave a long ragged sigh which was almost a laugh. "So I shouldn't take it personally?" "Absolutely not." "You're sure about that?" But he wasn't really expecting an answer and, walking on, we fell into step. Aware of his eyes on me, I looked across at him. He said, in a rough voice, "Glad you're here, Alex." "Me too." And I reached for his hand and squeezed it.

(Extracts from "A Dark Devotion ". by Claire Francis copyright Pan Macmillan/Calire Francis 1997)

1. The missing person is A Grace B Charlie C Maggie D not known 2. Charlie is A a boy B a girl C it doesn'{ say D we don't know 3. A B C D

The last person who saw Grace was Charlie Maggie the policeman the author

4. A B C D

There is the possibility that Grace returned home went to another place went to another place without being seen by anybody went to another place and being seen by somebody

5. The search has A three options B two options C four options D no solutions 6. The police A looked for fingerprints immediately B found some fingerprints C ignored the fingerprints D didn't look for fingerprints immediately 7. Will considers A the police are angry B the police are of no use

C the rolice are awkward D the police are suspicious 8. The person who knows which questions to ask the police is AAle>-. B Will C Grace D Maggie 9. Will A thinks the police consider him responsible B is responsible for the disappearance C is afraid to go to the· police D has no problems 10. Disappearances are connected with A family situations, stress B money worries and family C money worries, stress or family situations, violence in the family D money worries and vilence

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

For the first time in my life I have been dumped by a friend. I should have seen it coming: the phone calls not returned, the excuses about "not feeling very sociable right now", the emails that I~nguished unreplied in the ether. Yet the letter suggesting that the time had come for us to move on still came as a shock. It didn't seem to fit in with our modern ideal of friendship. As growing numbers of us live alone, friends are becoming more important. They are our families of choice, we're told, taking on·the roles of parents, spouse, sibling - and best friend. Tula and I had been firm friends for nearly ten years. We met at a singing workshop and took to each other immediately. She was

warm and vivacious, and we shared an enthusiasm for grappling with life's conundrums over glasses of wine or long walks in the country. She helped me to move house and, when her long-term partner walked out, I put the kettle on and supplied tissues. But life changed for both of us: I got married and she responded to her newly single status by developing a fresh set of social networks. Then she took a long holiday, reviewed her life and decided what to keep and what to throw out. In her letter she described our friendship as a "borderline" case and suggested it might be time we "let each other go." I'm all for letting go of bad habits and boxes of old school exercise books. I've even deleted the names of acquaintances not seen for one year to the next from my address book.' But surely close friends are not consumer. goods to be discarded or replaced at he first hint of trouble. We are encouraged to believe that friends will be around for ever. "You've got a friend", sang Carole King and "I'll be there for you" promissed the theme tune of "Friends". Such sentiments have sunk deep into the collective unconsciousness, or into mine, at least. So, what did I do with Tula's letter? I re-read it umpteen times, agonized over where I'd gone wrong. And then I wrote back. "Yes, you're right", I wrote, "things have changed. But aren't we good enough friends to hang in there?" Since then we have exchanged a couple of e-mails. A walk has been suggested. It would be easy not to make the effort and let this friendship go, but "Stay" is a charming word in a friend's vocabulary!" (Extract from "End of the Friendship" by Jane Munro The Times/Jane Munro 2006, first published in The Times on 04.03. 06)

t. The author A knew her friend would dump her B didn't expect to be dumped by her friend C didn't want to be dumped by her friend D ·wanted to dump her friend 2. The ending point of the friendship was represented by A the not returned phone calls B the unreplied emails C different excuses D a letter

3. Tula's break up letter A was unexpected B was expected C was quite long D was rather short 4. Tula and the author had been friends A for ten years . B since the age of ten C for almost ten years D for life 5. The long-term-partner dumped A Tula B the author C it doesn't say D a young lady 6. When the author married, Tula A went on holiday to the seaside B was happy C was the same person she was before D met new people 7. The author considers close friends A can be replaced B are like consumer goods C can't be replaced D useful 8. !he id~a of friends being around for ever can be found A 10 movIe soundtracks . B songs C movie soundtracks and songs D books 9. In her letter the author A gives up her friendship with Tula B doesn't give up her friendship with Tula C is distant D doesn't want Tula back

10. The author A is willing to make efforts to keep their friendship B doesn't like the word "stay" C wants to stay D wants Tula to stay

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

There was a man who had two sons; and the younger of them said to his father, "Father, give me the share of property that falls to me". And he divided his living between them. Not many days later, the younger son gathered all he had and took his journey into a far country, and there he squandered his property in loose living. And when he had spent everything, a great famine arose in that country, and he began to be in want. So he went and joined himself to one of the citizens of that country, who sent him into his fields to feed swine. And he would gladly have fed on the pods that the swine ate; and no one gave him anything. But when he came to himself he said, "How many of my father's hired servants have bread enough and to spare but] perish here with hunger! I will arise and go to my father, and I will say to him, "Father, I have sinned against Heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son; treat me as one of your hired servants:' And he arose and came to his father. But while he was yet at a distance, his father saw him and had compassion and ran, embraced him and kissed him.And the son said to him: "Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you; I am no longer worthy to be called your son." But the father said to his servants: "Bring quickly the best robe, and put it on him; and put a ring on his hand, and shoes on his feet; and bring the fatted calf and kill it, and let us eat and make merry; for this my son was dead, and is alive again; he was lost, and is found". And they began to make merry. 64

Now his elder son was in the field; and as he came and drew near to the house, he heard music and dancing. And he called one of the servants and asked what this meant. And he said to him: "Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fatted calf, because he has received him safe and sound." But he was angry and refused to go in. His father came out. and entreated him, but he answered his father, "Look, these many years I have served you, and I never disobeyed your command; yet you never gave me a kid, that I might make merry with my friends. But when this son of yours came, who has devoured your living with harlots, you killed for him the fatted calf!" And he said to him, "Son, you are. always with me, and all that is mine is yours. It was fitting to make merry and be glad, for your brother was dead, and now is alive; he was lost, and is found."

("The Parable of The Prodigal Son", in The Gospel of Luke, The New Testament of The Bible, 15: 11-32) 1. A B C D

The father gave the share of property to the elder son none of his sons the younger son both his sons

2. A B C D

When the younger son spent all his money he gave fOQd to the swine bought swine to make profit ate swine killed swine

3. A B C D

The younger son intends to make money again ask for his father's forgiveness ask for much money from his father steal from his father

4: A B C D

The younger son is willing to administrate his father's money be his brother's right hand work as a servant what his brother tells him to do

5. A B C D

The younger son receives from his father money a robe and a ring . some shoes, a robe, a ring and money shoes, a robe and a ring

6. A B C D

The elder son is happy for his brother is angry wants to make merry with his familly goes to the party

7. A B C D

The elder son disobeyed his father in the past made merry with his friends didn't disobey his father in the past wanted his share

8. A B C D

The elder son complains he didn't get a kid from his father about his father's attitude about crucial things about nothing

9. A B C D

The parent didn't care about the elder son didn't care about the younger son loved his sons loved the younger son more

10. The parent A the younger B of the party C the younger D the younger

is happy because son came back son came back and has changed son has changed

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

I had scribbled in my diary as if to make it irrevocable: "I shall take a child out of Sarajevo when I leave. Check orphanage about little girl Natasha! A decision had been made and that was that! But I had overlooked a rather crucial point; would the orphanage allo"w Natasha to leave and did she want to go with a complete stranger? That evening 1 persuaded our interpreter, Jacko, against his better judgement, to take me back up to the Ljubica Ivezic orphanage, a dangerous journey at dusk through the hills, when the gunners began to adjust their sights on the city in readiness for their night's deadly employment. The streets were empty, the city's people already back in their attics or their cellars to hide the night away in darkness and much fear. "Why Natasha?" Vera Zoric, the director, was not as surprised as I had expected. I explained there were other children in her care I could choose if she thought Natasha was not the right choice or if she felt another boy or girl had a greater priority. I would leave it to her to decide, assum ing I had her agreement and support. "But why Natasha?" she asked again. I shrugged. Why do you select one among so many? Why is one face remembered above the rest? "She shines", I said. Mrs. Zoric did not understand but Jacko explained and she laughed. I went on: "She doesn't seem to belong here." "None of them belong here." "She seems different to me." She came to me and held my hand in both of hers. "You want to take this child out of Bosnia and in normal times you could not. But these are not normal times. My children are in danger and every day I am working to find a way to get them out... anywhere, to anyone who will look after them. I do not care where they go as long as they are safe, where there are no shells and no bombing, away from Sarajevo."

(Extracts from "Welcome to Sara;evo" by Michael Nicholson Faber and Faber Publishers/Michael Nicholson 1994)

1. The author A !s not sur~ about taking a child OLitof Sarajevo B IS determmed to take a child out of Sarajevo C has doubts about taking a child out of Sarajevo D doesn't know what to do 2. A B C D

The author wants to take Natasha from the orphanage the streets a poor family dangerous orphanage

3. A B C

o

Jacko wanted to take the author back to the orphanage didn't want to take the author back to the orphanage had to take the author back to the orphanage got a lot of money to take the author back to the orphanage

4. A B C D

The jourey to the orphanacre was made during the day '=' when it was dark i.n the morning in the afternoon

5. A B C D

People hid in cellars in attics in attics or cellars where they could

6. A B C D

The author wanted to take out of Sarajevo any child only Natasha if not Natasha then another child a boy

7. The author wants Natasha A because she has a shining face B because she is different

C because she is nice o without any reason. 8. In normal time A the author couldn't take Natasha B the author could take Natasha C it would be easy to take Natasha D Natasha wouldn't want to leave

9. Safety for the children means A no bombs B no shells C being away from Sarajevo D no bombs, no shells, being away from Sarajevo 10. Vera Zoric A cares about the children B doesn't care about the children C wants to get rid of the children o doesn't want to help the children

Read the text below. For questions 1-10, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.

Few people would contest the value of the arts in a civilized society. Great art enriches people's lives by providing pleasure, stimulation and an escape from the pressures of everyday life. However, it is also true that many of the arts, such as classical music, the ballet, and the visual arts have always attracted a minority audience. The question is whether the arts should be publicly funded, or whether it is the consumers who should pay. It is my view that the government should subsidize the arts, for a number of reasons. First of all, without 'subsidies, many artists

would undoubtedly be unable to survive financially. Government grants can enable them to work with artistic freedom and integrity, whereas if they worked independently or relied on private subsidies they might be subject to market pressures and the need to make profit. Secondly, the arts contribute to a nation's cultural heritage and can create a sense of social cohesion and identity. They can also play an important role in education, comlnunity regeneration and even crime prevention. However, the main argument for public funding of the arts is not social usefulness, but rather because they are important for their own sake. Of course, there are those who argue that public money would be better spent on meeting the needs of the poorer members of society, and on healthcare, education, and social welfare schemes, rather than catering for the interests of an elite. However, I believe that a healthy society is one in which art and creativity are valued alongside these basic needs. Indeed, a civilized society ought to make the arts accessible to everyone, regardless of their background or income. In conclusion, the arts should be funded across a broad spectrum of activities, for example: by supporting community or school theatre projects, or bringing sculptures and art installations to public places. This is not for purely social reasons, but because enjoyment of art is part of what it means to be human. 1. The art offers A pleasure and stimulation B an escape from everyday life pressures, pleasure and stimulation, relaxation C pleasure, stimulation and an escape from everyday life pressures o relaxation 2. A B C

o

The arts attract a lot of people not that many persons the majority of people the minority of people

3. The author considers the arts A should be helped financially by the Government B should be helped with publicity by the Government

70

C should be helped by its consumers o need no help

4. A B C

Money from the Government ensures the artist's objectivity the artist's popularity the artist's richness o the artist's integrity and objectivity

5. A B C

The arts mean richness poverty unity o richness and unity 6. A B C

Funding the arts is good because they are useful from the social point of view from the financial point of view for old people o for rich people

7. A B C

In a healthy society we have to cherish. creativity the art the art and creativity o everything 8. A B C

The arts should be should be should be o shouldn't

accessible to accessible to accessible to be accessible

the educated persons the rich all the people to any kind of people

9. Bringing sculptures to the public places is A good for the artistic area B bad for the artistic area

e not

important for the artistic area D a way to make money

10. To be human in some part means A to organize artistic events B to adore the art e to enjoy the art D to help the art

I. The author moved to the USA when she was in kindergarten. B

Wrong

2. The author liked her first weeks in the USA. A

Right

3. High school girls wore uniforms in the USA.

e

Doesn't say

4. The author had a perm. A Right 5. In Korea girls hold hands with girls. A Right 6. It is good to do well at school in Korea. A

Right

7. It was not difficult for the author to make friends. B Wrong

I. Mavis is the author's neighbour for seven years. B Wrong 2. Mavis asks for a spade as her things weren't unpacked. A

Right

3. Mavis is sixty years old.

e

Doesni

say

4. Mavis has a sense of humour and she is friendly. A Right

5. Mavis wears perfectly ironed suits. B Wrong

3. The witness saw two men. A RighI

6. Mavis has different types of flowers in her garden.

4. Both men were quite ugly. C Doesn't say

C Doesn.'t say 7. The author likes Mavis very much.

A Right

l. Remembrance

5. The alarm system was very expensive.

C Doesn't say

Day is a British event.

A Right

6. The two men got into a black Ford Cortina. A Right 7. A part of the building was in flames in a few minutes. B Wrong

2. On Remembrance Day people remember the Heroes from Vietnam. B Wrong 3. Paper poppies are made by children. C Doesn't say 4. The war veterans feel proud at the parades.

A Right 5. The service is held at the castle. B Wrong 6. The poppies are dropped from the ceiling by little children. C Doesn't say 7. Remembrance A Right

Day is a v~ry important event in Britain.

1. Thirty years ago people only dreamt at the places they are travelling to now. A Right 2. Travelling by plane can't be compared to anything else. A Right 3. The plane is not that fast. B Wrong 4. You can go from U.S. to U.K. in a few hours. C Doesn't say 5. In a plane you are well taken care of. A Right

l. The witness saw a light coming from the third floor.

A Right

6. Airports and aeroplanes C Doesn't say

2. The witness is sure it was J I. I 5 when he saw the light. B Wrong

7. For the author travelling A Right

are targeted by terrorists every day.

by plane wi)) remain popular.

6. In the city there is no rat that one can find. B Wrong . I. We don't know how many sailors were saved

B U'rong

.

7. People think the illness comes from God. A Right

2. The tanker looses tons of oil into the sea A Right .

e

3. On Thursday night it was a storm. Doesn't say

e

1. The author wants to leave from his village. Doesn't say

4. The tanker is loosing oil from six tanks. B Wrong

2. The author needs two hours to get to school. A RighI

5. T~ed birds, the dolphins and other species will be affected by th e aCCl ent. A RighI 6. Expensive detergents e Doesn't say

3. The author has fun on his/her way to school. B Wrong 4. In the village there aren't too many things to do. A Right

are dropped into the sea .

7.TDhe Gov,emment will take drastic measures against the companv e oesn t say .'

5. You can go to a swimming club in your free time. Doesn't say

e

6. In summer the village is completely A Right I. The author's A Right

relatives and friends are dead

7. Visitors come in the village with expensive Doesn'l say

.

2. Nicholas Smith is the author's B Wrong

1. Margaret and her husband decided to move in a big house .. Doesn't say

faith.

e

2. Their family and friends were not very surprised. B Wrong

4. People wash their clothes very often. C Doesn't say 5. On~ of the symptoms

cars.

e

best friend.

3. The cross on the door symbolizes B Wrong

A RIght

different.

is the pain under the arms .

3. The Smiths left from a house with a big kitchen. Doesn't say

e

4. Now the Smiths have a few new neighbours. B

Wrong

5. When they are bored of one place the Smiths can change their address. A

Right

6. The new home is very comfortable. A Right 7. The only problem the Smiths have is shopping. A Right

I. People don"t remember too much about their life before the age of seven or eight. A Right 2. The author remembers very well how his/her classroom looked. B Wrong 3. The author can remember the faces of the persons who ran the kindergarten. B Wrong 4. The author is sure the persons who ran the kindergarten were nice.

I. Nick Park is not that famous. B

2. Nick started to be interested in animation at the age of ten. B Wrong 3. Nick's first experiment was made with his father's camera. A

A

RighI

Wrong

5. The author remembers very well his experience with the shoelaces. B Wrong 6. The author was a beautiful child in kindergarten. e Doesn't say

Right

7. The author liked riding the tricycle with I)is/her sister. 4. Nick received an Emmy for his animation. B Wrong 5. A famous electricity company offered Nick a contract. Doesn~ say

e

A. Right

I. In the text are mentioned three types of dinner parties. B

6. In the commercials Nick's characters moved but didn't speak. B

Wrong

7. Nick's future plan is to make a full-length film. A

Right

Wrong

2. A successful dinner party means a social success. A RighI 3. If you cook very well you can be a good host. e Doesn~ say 4. We are recommended to avoid dinner parties at our home. A Right

5. A good choice for a dinner party place is the restaurant. A

Right

6. At the restaurant you can have any type of food you wish. C

Doesn't say

4. On the roads C

7. Politics should not be a discussion theme at the table. A

3. July is the only popular month for going on a holiday. B Wrong

Right

(0

the seaside you can"t find motorbikes.

Doesn't say

5. You can fish in the south west of England. A Right 6. Beaches can be found on the English Riviera.

1. Butterflies are just like the people. C Doesn't say 2. In Burma the soul at death is compared with a butterfly. B

Right

.

4. In Burma the children are awaken suddenly. B

Wrong

5. In Scotland golden butterflies are considered good omens. A Right 6. The butterfly from the legend managed to enter into the man's mouth. B

Wrong

7. Butterflies are protected species. C Doesn't say

1. On the English coats people come in winter. B

Right

7. You can also have fun at youth hostels. C Doesn't sa)'

Wrong

3. In Burma the people believe in the soul-butterflies. A

A

Wrong

2. In Britain people have two weeks of holiday. A Right

1. During the week the British eat a lot in the morning. B Wrong 2. In the morning the British drink coffee or tea. A Right 3. On Mondays breakfast is very rich. B Wrong 4. The British usually have lunch at restaurants. B

Wrong

5. On Sundays lunch is the most important meal. A

Right

6. In the evening guests are expected at dinner. C Doesn't say 7. One can have supper either at home or at a restaurant. A Right

2. The British C are preoccupied to find solutions for conflicts belVl'eenindividuals I. In ancient societies A athletics and competitive contact games were rough.

3. Other cultures

D are less concerned by avoiding conflicts 2. During the Roman Empire, spectators C regarded violence in sports as a social norm.

4. Every culture B has its own way to calm down

3. Sports violence has started to be regarded as a social problem A lately.

5. When you want to avoid a conflict

C you must know what to do and what to say 4. Canada and England B are trying to discover the cause of violence among hockey pla1'ers.

6. In public confrontations

the British

D are vigorous in response and confront openly 5. Regarding sports violence there seems to be a feeling of B dissatisfaction. 6. In order to reduce violence D sport rules, equipment design and sports arenas have been

ad;usted.

according to .

A coaches. 9. The tendency of the public opinion towards sports violence is B to be more concentrated on it.

principle of cultural behaviour

A avoiding face-to-face conflict

situations people

10. A problematic situation is A when we make a mistake in unknown environment

1. Helena considers that a person's way of being is due to A that person family

s

10. Critics regard sports violence as A an international reality.

1. An underlying language is:

8. In other cultures, in public confrontations people A make a lot of efforts to reduce the conflict 9. In other cultures, in private conflictual A offer more vigorous responses

7. Government officials, fans and athletes B are ambivalent towards sports violence. 8. Risk makes the game more interesting

7. In personal situations the British D are looking for the middle route

2. In Denmark people A are not preoccupied by fame

reflected in the

3. Coming from Denmark D helped Helena in her career 4. For the reporter being professional means D come in, do your ;ob and go home

5. Being a model B is a strange iob to have 6. Helena got to the top C because she had talent, luck and she was in the right place at the right time 7. The first time Helena went to Paris was B to eat good food during one weekend 8. Helena started taking photos C before she was a model and during her model career 9. Helena takes more portraits because B this way things from the inside are taken out

7. The author considers B America hasn ~respected the promise made to black people 8. The African-Americans A were given a bad check 9. African-Americans want to cask the check which gives them D freedom and iustice 10. The author wants all the people to be B brothers

I. The greenhouse gas emissions A will cause devastating changes in the future

10. When one takes a portrait A the photographed person feels a little bit naked

I. The Emancipation Declaration was signed B a great American 2. The Proclamation is a sign D of hope for the black slaves 3.' One hundred years later the Negro C feels isolated in his own land 4. The architects of the country are D the leaders 5. The promissory note was C for the young people, for black people and white people 6. All men were guaranteed the right D to life, happiness, freedom

2 Global food production C will be affected with 10% 3. The powerful hurricanes D cause human tragedies and material damages 4. TPee says A temperature will be affected in the future 5. Scientists discovered B that the Earth can i absorb carbon dioxide as in the past 6. [ftemperature increases D hunger and big floods will appear and species will disappear 7. Dr. Wainwright says A it s people s fault for global warming 8. Mark Gibson says B we might be able to cut temperature rises

9. Mark Gibson considers C politics should get involved 1. Mr. Nuttel B has to stay with the little lady while waiting for her aunt

10. Politicians

C showed no interest in global warming

2. Framton Nuttel D flattered the young lady 1. Scientists have discovered B is caused by the genes

the need to eat too much chocolate

B wasn ~sure the visits were useful for the nerve cure

2. The sweet tooth gene explains D why it so difficult to resist to eat sweets

4. Framton Nuttel

s

C moved to a rural retreat

3. A possible drug would

5. Framton Nuttel receives letters of introduction

C help us resist the temptation 4. In their experiments with mice the researchers A different things in a gene

3. Framton Nuttel

A to all the people his sister knows noticed

5. The sweet taste receptor B announces the brain that the person has eaten a sweet 6. If your parents has a sweet tooh D youl will have a sweet tooth too

7. The reuslts of the experiments

B didn ~represent a reason for chocoholics to give up their diet 8. If people don't eat too much sweet food/many sweets A the body gets used to less sweet food/fewer sweets

6. Framton Nuttel knew

D didn ~know whether Mrs. Sappleton was from the nice category 7. Framton Nuttel knew

C the woman s name and address 8. Framton Nuttel . . B had a feeling that a man lived in Mrs. Sappleton shouse 9. In the house

C the window is opened on an October afternoon 10. Mr. Nuttel B wonders if the window has a connection with the tragedy

9. One can have a diet

C with some suggar 10. The American researchers

B want to create artificial sweeteners

1. For Jean Kerr flying is

C safer, faster, cheaper and more stressful

2. A magazine suggested C that the planes should have zones where children shouldn ~he

allowed

4. In our society it is considered like a blasphemy C to tell a child to compete, to work hard and to study 5. At school the children

3. Airlines B don ~agree with the isolation of the children in planes

C study. play sports, do drama, ioin the choir, socialize 6. Some people consider it's better

4. Another problem regarding flying is A the luggage

A to have no winners at sports

5. Unchecked

A by spraying them with antiseptic

7. Some parents protect their children luggage causes

C boarding delay 6. Travellers A put too many things for the number of suitcases they have

8. Mr. Marsh underlines D the difference between smothering and sheltering 9. Mr. Marsh should have told the parents

7. Airlines are imposing

C size and weight limits for the bags 8. Passengers don't like D when they are separated from their belongins at the check-in

C to get real 10. It's best for children to learn that school, exams and life are tough

C as early as possible

9. When you traveJ by plane there is the risk

C that your luggage doesn't appear at the carousel 1. Susan Maushart married 10. Planes and diets

B at the age of twenty-seven

D have the weight as common element 2. When Susan came from her honeymoon

she first

C cleaned the bathroom 1. George Marsh talked about B the pressures faced by the youngsters

3.- When she cooked Susan

2. People are familiar with D children being burnt out because of ambitious parents

4. Susan's behaviour at her return frQm the honeymoon

3. The headlines scream that A there is too much pressure on children

5. Susan A lives in New York

C used a cookery book

B wasn ~normal for a feminist like her

6. For Susan "wifework" means o unpaid work done by the wife after she has married

9. Will A thinks the police consider him responsible

7. After a man and a woman get married o the woman works more around the house

10. Disappearances are connected with C money worries, stress or family situations, violence in the family

8. After getting married o the woman has fewer benefits, the man has more benefits 9. At the wedding reception, Susan"s husband asked her B not to smoke during the reception 10. Who have stronger depressions? A wives

1. The author B didn 1 expect to be dumped by her Mend

2. The ending point of the friendship was represented by o a letter 3. Tula's break up letter A was unexpected

A Grace

4. Tula and the author had been friends C for almost t.enyears

2. Charlie is A a boy

A Tula

3. The last person who saw Grace was B Maggie

6. When the author married, Tula o met new people

4. There is the possibility that Grace C w~nt to another place without beeing seen by anybody

7. The author considers close friends C can 1 be replaced

5. The search has C four options

8. The idea of friends being around for ever can be found C movie soundtracks and songs

6. The police o didn 1look for fingerprints immediately

9. In her letter the author B doesn 1 give up her friendship with Tula

7. Will considers B the police are of no use

10. The author A is willing to make efforts to keep their friendship

1. The missing person is

8. The person who knows what questions to ask the police is A Alex

5. The long-term-partner dumped

3. Jacko B didn ~want tv fake the author back to fhe orphanage I. The father give the share of property to C the younger son

4. The journey to the orphanage was made

B when it was dark 2. When the younger son spent all his money he

A gave food to the swine

5. People hid

C in attics or cellars 3. The younger son intends to B ask {or his {ather S {orgiveness 4. The younger son is willing to

C work as a servant 5. The younger son receives from his father

o shoes, a robe and a ring 6. The elder son B is angry 7. The elder son

C didn ~disobey his father in the past 8. The elder son complains A he didn't get a kid from his father 9. The parent

C loved his sons 10. The parent is happy because

C the younger son came back and has changed

6. The author wanted to take out of Sarajevo

C ifnot Natasha then another child 7. The author wants Natasha B because she is di{{erent 8. In normal times A the author couldn ~take Natasha 9. Safety for the children means

o no bflmbs, no shells.

being away {rom Sarajevo

10. Vera Zoric

A cares about the children

1. The art offers

C pleasure. stimulation and an escape (i-omeveryday life press.ures 2. The arts attract

D the minority of people 3. The author considers the arts

1. The author

B is determined to take a child out of Sara/evo 2. The author wants to take Natasha from A the orphanage

A should be helped financially by the Government 4. Money from the Government

o the artist s integrity

ensures

and objectivity

5. The arts mean D richness and unity 6. Funding the arts is good because they are useful A from the social point of view 7. In a healthy society we have to cherish

C the art and creativity 8. The arts

C should be accessible to all the people 9. Bringing sculptures to the public places is

A good for the artistic area 10. To be human in some part means

C to en;oy the art

Write an email to your English speaking friend explaining that you would like to apply to do a course at one of the colleges in the city he lives. Tell him/her what type of studies you have been doing for the past few years and ask for assistance in contacting an appropriate institution. Write your answer in 80100 words. Dear Tom, How are you? How is your family? I hope everybody is well. I am writing to let you know that I am planning to apply for a course at one of the colleges in your city. I am also asking for your help in finding the best course that can help me in my future career as an accountant. Let me tell you a few words about my studies. For the last 4 years I've been studying maths and economy and I really enjoyed working with numbers so I decided to try and go in that direction because I believe that being an accountant is a very interesting job. I really hope that you can help me in choosing the appropriate course at the right college. Your friend, Tom

Write an informal letter inviting a friend to a party. Don't use your real name. Dear lIinca, Thank you for your letter. I'm sorry I didn't reply sooner but I've been on holiday in Italy. I had a wonderful time and want to show you all my photos very soon! Anyway, I was wondering if you'd like to come to a small dinner party at my house on Saturday 23rd at 8 pm. Alex and Margaret

will be there and two other friends that you don't know yet. Do let me know if you can come. I hope you can! Looking forward to seeing you very soon! Love, Steve

It is a lovely place to go in every season and the weather is not important. When it's very hot, you can keep cool under the trees. I also like walking in the woods in the rain. My favourite time to go is autumn when the leaves are fantastic colours - red, yellow, orange and gold. Leers Wood is a very special place for me. It is an escape from the noisy, crowded city I live in. The wood is beautiful and peaceful and I always feel well when I go there.

Write a formal letter requiring information about a summer course. Ask for specific details. Don't use your real name. December Blvd. Brasov City 52919 Romania Sutton School of English Sutton Coldfield Birmingham BA822f 16 May 2010 Dear Sir/Madam, I have recently seen your advertisement for Summer Intensive Courses and I would like some more information. Firstly, can you tell me the specific dates of the course during June and July? Secondly, do you know how many students will be in one class? Finally, c.an you tell me if you arrange accommodation with local families or is that something I have to do myself? Yours faithfully, George Balasescu

One of my favourite natural places is a wood near where I live called Leers Wood. Many of the trees are very old - some of them have been there for hundreds of years.

96

Write a story about a frightful and interesting experience you lived. It all happened last summer. I was staying at my cousin's house in the mountains and I was bored. I really wanted something exciting to happen so I decided to go for a walk alone. At first, it was sunny, the mountains were beautiful and I felt happy. But time passed quickly and I realised that I was far from my cousin's house and I was completely lost! Suddenly, I heard a bizarre noise and I saw a huge bear. He was making some sort of noise and he seemed to be asking me to go with him. So, I decided to follow. After a while, he took me to my cousin's house. He disappeared in the night and I never saw the huge bear again.

Write a formal e-mail inviting Mr. Thomas to dinner. Don't use your real name.

I would like to invite you to dinner after your visit to our company next week, if you have time. Our Managing Director, Alison McDermott, will also come.

] will book a table at a Chinese restaurant in Nightingale Road, for 7, 30 p.m. on Friday evening. The restaurant is next to your hotel in Blueberry Road. ' I hope you can join us. Please, can you let me know this week?

Write a letter offering a position in your company to a personthat came to an interview. Don't use your real name.

Best wishes, John Smith John Smith - Head of PR Thompson Welding Box 79 , London 82

Write an informal e-mail to a colleague offering information about a new product your company sells.

I made an interesting contact at the seminar last week. Paul Young is in charge of the Acquisition Department at HMC in Dublin. He is very interested in our new product and wants you to contact him. At this time I think it is a very happy situation for us to receive such demands for our products. I am really happy I can help and be sure that every time I will meet a possible client I will put him/her in contact with you.

Hope it's useful for you!· CU Tina

73 West Street London BC2 Mr. Gary Thompson 64 Thames Rd Alton-on- Thames Surrey 6T63FR

Dear Mr. Gary Thompson, We are pleased to inform you that you have been successful in your application for the position of PR assistant in our company. As agreed in the interview, we would like you to start on I March in our Central office. Your starting salary will be £32,000 per annum. Please sign and return a copy of the contract enclosed to confirm acceptance of this offer. We look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely yours, Patrick Smith HR Manager

Is the time for beginning a child's education important? Should children begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies or should they spend most of their time playing? In my opinion, children should learn playing and communicating with their friends and parents. I think that such basic qualities as

kindness, self-confidence and just a good sense of humour cannot be achieved from studying at school. Children should spend more time with their family, playing and learning. Imagine that a child is not playing with his friends but he does his homework and feels exhausted and tired. Another important issue is that children at very early ages need more physical exercise because at this age the development of their body is an essential aspect. Children, first of all, must be healthy.

Which movies do you prefer? Those that make you think or those that make you laugh? Different people like different types of movies and this is a very good reason for having so many kinds of movies nowadays. Some people like to watch a movie that makes them think. They prefer movies with a murder investigation or some kind of complicated plan. Other people prefer movies that make them laugh. Personally, I. like comedies more than anything, but sometimes my friends insist on watching a fantastic or a scary movie and I go with it. Comedies make us laugh. People can just sit and relax at home, drink a bottle of soda and have some popcorn while enjoying these moments. It is a means of eliminating stress and tension.

If you decide to give a few hours to improve the community you live in what is one thing you will do? I know a couple of families with little children, who cannot afford to spend much money on paying for a baby-sitter. I'm thinking now .of a single mother with a little girl. Julia, this is her name, is a waitress in a restaurant. She is a great person and we have become close friends lately. So, sometimes I offer her my help with her child when she has to work in the evenings. Another

family has two funny little twins. Once, their parents asked me to babysit their chi Idren because they had to attend an unexpected presentation.

Parents influence greatly their children for a lifetime. I think people are modelled by two factors, family and the society. they are living in. From birth, human beings are influenced by the envlronme~t they grow up in. Parents have a big role in bringing up thw children, which affects their lives for ever. In their early years, babies are looking to their mu':ls' and da~s to learn basic manners so that they can be accepted In the socIety. Some of these manners include not running around in restaurants or hitting other kids. As they grow up, they learn more from their parents about social etiquette, which makes them more properly trained for living in the society.

It is known that nowadays people live longer lives. Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay. Statistics show that people live longer nowadays. There are sev~ral reasons for this. First of all, hundreds of years ago, mankInd suffered from many different kinds of diseases which have found a cure only now. The success of conteIl}porary medicine allows people to live with artificial arms, hands, legs ~nd even hearts. Secondly the life conditions have greatly Improved. A person does not h;ve to sleep on the wet and cold ground, defend himself from predators in the wild forests and fight for his life on cruel wars with the sword in his hands. All of these things mentioned above allow people to maintain a healthier life, to spend more time with the family and friends and make their lives longer and happier.

Write a formal letter answering an offer to live in a different city for a while. Don't use your real name.

Thank you very much for the letter. I am very pleased that I've won the prize. I would like to go to Washington because I have never been to the USA-before. Still, there are several questions I would like to ask. First of all, I would like to know whether the return flight is a direct flight or not. I would like to book a direct flight because it is so much easier for me. Secondly, I wtluld like to know for how many hours we are going to study every day and of course if there are classes in the morning or in the afternoon. Finally, I would like to ask you if it is possible for me to stay at school for an extra week. If that's possible, please let me know the price I have to pay. . I want to thank you in advance for your assistance and I'm looking . forward to hearing from you. Faithfully yours, Michaela lonescu

Would you prefer to be self-employed, work for someone else, or own a business? Basically, people work for money and personal success. However, some people prefer to be self-employed and others prefer to work for an employer. As for myself, I haven't made my choice yet. I think that each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Working as an employee brings many benefits. First of all, one can spend more time with his family helping his child with the homework, spending time with the whole family etc.

Being self-employed has many benefits too. One knows that the more he works the more he earns. I think that being self-employed is not as easy as it may seem. A person must be self-confident, strong and patient. He must know exactly what he wants and to be ready to sacrifice all his time to it. To sum up, we all take decisions that are right for us. There are no good or bad ... decisions in our lives just decisions .

You have seen this announcement in a high school magazine. Describe you best experience as a student. Write your article in 180-200 words. I love high school. In my opinion it is the best period in one's life. I enjoy every minute of my high school experience. I can't really say that I love learning and being the best student in my class, but I really love the weekends I spend with my class mates, the trips we're. planning, the concerts we're going to. I remember about one trip we've planned so attentively. We were so excited about going to a rock concert to Sighisoara. We were in the 11th grade. Ii was spring time and we were very happy to leave for two days and see that concert. We considered every single detai I, but the reality was totally different. We wanted to go by coach but we ended up travelling by train because one of us had forgotten to set the alarm clock the night before and woke up only when we rang him. On the train it was great, we sang, we laughed, we even danced and got on very well so that we were surprised when we saw that we arrived in Sighisoara. The town was wonderful. A festival was also organized at that time so we enjoyed listening to country music, painting our faces and drinking and eating all sorts of traditional things. The concert was fantastic and I happily remember this as the best experience I have had so far as a student.

Do you think advertising encourages us to buy things we really do not need or by watching advertisements, we find information about new products that may improve our lives? Use specific re,asons and examples to support your answer.

Objects around make us what we are, help us develop and improve the world we live in. If you could make a gift to a child, what gift would you give him to be sure that this is about to help him in his development?

I think that everyone can divide all advertising products and services into useless and Llseful ones. It is like scanning a brochure and paying attention to those messages that interest you. Take me for example. I do not like jewellery. It does not mean I do not have any. I have some inexpensive rings as gifts from my parents and friends. I just think people pay too much attention to it. I believe this is the result of mass advertising. Every day when we are watching TV, listening to the radio or reading the newspaper we notice way too many ads about getting an expensive ring, a chain, a necklace or some earrings. From my point of view these types of commercials are overwhelming us. We are definitely encouraged to buy things we do not really need. They make us believe we need such products in order to succeed or be happy. From the other side, I think that advertisements of the new detergents with up-to-date formulas to help us maintain our clothes in perfect condition, the new cars with some extra features that make our trips more comfortable and sports goods that make us healthier can help us in improving our lives. Recently I saw an ad on the Internet for a very interesting and inexpensive vacation to Japan for a week. Is it not awesome? I like travelling. So now I am planning to find out more about it and, probably, make reservations. I believe that without advertising we would be unaware of the multitude of opportunities that can make our lives happier, easier and less stressful. In my opinion, every person has his own scale of values. We can watch advertisements but we should not forget that we don't need so many things to keep us happy.

People learn and develop throughout their entire lives. I think that in our modern world it is very important to be familiar with the computer technology. 'So, if I had a chance to give a child ~ gift it would be a computer. I think that computers play an essential role in our lives and they bring many benefits to our society. Moreover, children can learn a lot of interesting and useful things by using computers. In the following paragraphs I will give my reasons to support my answer. First of all, by the use of computers children can play .many games which help to improve their abilities like: thinking logically, better coordinating their moves, improve their imagination, etc. Furthermore, playing games develop many important qualities such as attention, patience, perseverence and many others. . Secondly, computers help children to learn more about thmgs they are interested in by the use of the Internet. They can ~nd new friends even from other countries. Children will, as well, Improve their communication skills, gain more knowledge and experience. Furthermore, children have the great opportunity to learn more about other countries, their history, traditions and customs. Finally, computer skills can help a child to find his or her first job. A child can find an ad on the Internet about a job offer an~ he or she can make a resume and send it in order to apply for that Job. Personally, I think it is a great experience and a big step forward towards a future career. . In addition to those practical benefits, computer technology helps children to do their homework faster. They can type their data into the computer, easily check the grammar, correct.mistakes ~nd then print it out. Moreover, there are plenty dIfferent kmds of educational programs that can help children learn how to read, write, draw and even how to behave and speak a foreign language. To sum up, I believe that children should learn how to use. a computer because this knowledge will help them in the future III

being more self-confident and innovative. Also, computers can greatly improve and simplify their lives if children know how to use them.

What subject would you like to study if this opportunity were given to you? Explain your choice, using specific reasons and details. If I had the opportunity to study a subject I would be interested in I would choose to study the outer space. You might wonder why. Well, because I have been interested in the exploration of space since I was a young· boy. . . In my opinion, it is a very interesting and chal.lengm~ Job, tha~ of working on a space ship and gathering diffe:ent kmds oflOfor~l1atlOn, probes and specimens. Many people thmk that these kmds of experiments are a waste of time and money. . Nevertheless I believe that humankind is making steps forward in understandi~g the outer space. We need to know what is beyond our solar system. We need to know what is beyond our uni~e~se. That is not only for our own safety, but also for our future. Llvmg in a better world with all the resources that we need is a dream we have for our followers. Another important aspect of studying the space is that scientists are always about to make new discoveries. I. ~hink it is a .great feeling to give people new knowledge, opportumtles and expenence. Scientists often find and study new constellations. They launch satellites and monitor them from land. When I was a child I used to collect stamps and cards about space and I dreamed that someday I would be able to fly into the outer space. However, my plans changed but my dream has ~ot vanished. I believe that in a not such a far away future people wIll be able to visit the space just like they go to a museum now. To sum up, I think that by having the chance to stud~ the space I would improve my knowledge and hopefully sometimes all my research will help in creating a better world for those to come.

Compare and contrast the knowledge gained from experience with the knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Give arguments. People are learning and practicing throughout their entire life. I believe that life experience and practice are the basic reasons of the humankind's evolution. However, in my opinion, knowledge gained from books plays a very important role in one's life. The most important advantage of books is that they hold all knowledge gained by previous generations. People write books about their discoveries and inventions, which are acquired by practice and experience. This knowledge is fastened into books that are passed on from generation to generation. So, basically, people get all the knowledge about the previous achie~ements from books, analyze it and then, according to their experience and new data, write new ones. Personally, I think that books are very important because they give us the basic and fundamental knowledge. Books store the history, the important events and the discoveries. Without them, it is difficult and sometimes impossible to move forward, make new discoveries and inventions. To summarize, I think a person should take basic knowledge from books because all this will help him/her to make his own inventions, conclusions and discoveries. Only using both books and one's experience we can move forward.

In your opmlon, should businesses do everything to keep afloat and be profitable? Give arguments and examples to sustain your point of view. I definitely disagree with the assertion that businesses should do anything they can to be profitable. In my opinion, every company should have its moral values. It means that a company ought to treat its clients properly and respect

their rights. Of course, a company may lose a part of its profits but the clients' protection must come first. Otherwise, clients will switch to another company never to return. For instance, a few years ago a company produced a new type of painkillers. Unfortunately, this product was not properly tested. As a result of this slip, many people got sick. The president of the company made a crucial decision in withdrawing all the painkillers from all distributors and paying to all ill-treated customers for their healing. It cost a lot of money for the company but it saved its image and clients. It was a very difficult decision, but the president of the company understood that it would cost him even more in the future because he would not be able to return his clients' respect. For a company, loosing its clients means loosing its profit. Of COl,lrse,in order to succeed in the modem world companies have to compete against each other. Many companies record profit loss due to decreasing prices on their products. They do not aspire for extra profit but for their clients' satisfactiQIl. Companies do it because they want their products sold and their customers satisfied. They offer discounts, free delivery, free service, free Internet access, good refunding service, etc. All these are. done to make their present customers happy and to attract new clients. To sum up, I think a company that has as its sole goal the profit will certainly not succeed nowadays. Otherwise, companies that respect their clients and want to see them satisfied will be in a better position of making a fortune.

The contributions of artists to the society are crucial. Art is one of ~he.important flJ:1d