Life in The UK Summary [PDF]

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Key points to memorize for Life in the UK test chapter 2 summary Migration to Britain

People living today in Britain came from different countries: immigrants from Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean, have come to Britain to stay, find safety, jobs and a better life. 

Britain is open and home to persecuted people, whether religious, or because of their race: o

16th – 18th century: Huguenots (French Protestants), to escape religious persecution.

o

From 1840s: Irish people migrated, and helped build canals and railways in Britain.

o

1880 – 1910: Jewish people (pogroms), to escape racist attacks.

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After the Second World War, (1939-45), the British government encouraged immigrants to help rebuild UK.

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In 1948, people from West Indies also helped.

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In 1950, shortage of labor caused the government to encourage immigrants to move in. This lasted for 25 years, and people from West Indies, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh traveled to work and settle in Britain.

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In the late 1960s, the government passed new laws to restrict immigration. Commonwealth countries (Australia, New Zealand, and Canada) did not face such laws. Britain admitted 28,000 of Indian origin forced to leave Uganda, and 22,000 South East Asian refugees.

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In the 1980s, immigrants came from United States, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand.

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In the 1990s, groups of people came from the Soviet Union to find a new way of life.

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Since 1994, migration to Britain has surged for political and economic reasons.

The changing role of women 

In the 19th century Britain, families were usually large, and in poorer homes, the whole family often worked towards the family income. Women however, had fewer rights than men.

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Until 1857, a married woman cannot divorce her husband.

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Until 1882, if a woman marries a man, He owned all of her Property, Earnings, and Money.

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In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a number of women campaigned and demanded for their rights. They were known as “Suffragettes”.

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During the First World War, they joined in the war effort and contributed by doing a much greater variety of work.

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In 1918, women were allowed to vote at age 30.

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In 1928, women were allowed to vote at age 21.

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In the 1960s-70s, increased pressure from women caused the Parliament to create new laws, imposing sexual equality.

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Today’s women make up 51% of the population and 45% of the workforce.

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Most girls have better qualifications, landing on better jobs, than boys who graduated from the universities.

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Despite these progresses, sexual discrimination is still apparent, as they have 20% less salary than men, but are allowed to take on jobs which, in the past, were only allowed for men.

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Children and young people make up a fourth of the total UK population.

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65% of children live with their parents, 25% with their lone-parent family, and 10% with their step-families.

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Law dictates that children aged 5-16 years old should attend school.

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They are required to take tests upon reaching 7, 11, and 14 years of age, to assess their progress.

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At age 16, they take several tests, such as the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) or in Scotland, Scottish Qualifications Authority (SQA). They can also take vocational courses at Colleges of Further Education or Adult Education Centers.

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At ages 17-18, they take vocational qualifications, General Certificates of Education at an Advanced Level (AGCEs), AS level units, or Higher / Advanced Higher Grades in Scotland. These are required, as colleges expect high grades from these tests in order to admit the student.

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AS levels are Advanced Subsidiary qualifications gained by completing three AS units, which is equivalent to a half of an AGCE. In the second part of the course, three more can be earned to complete the AGCE.

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One in three young people defer their university entrance and take a “gap year”, which involves voluntary work, or to travel overseas to save money for their tuition fees and for their family.

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Over 2 million children work. Jobs include newspaper delivery, part-time work in supermarkets, and the like. However, there are several guidelines: o

Children aged 13 years and above can take on paid work. Upon reaching age 16, they need to apply for a license.

o

They cannot work for two consecutive weeks a year during the school holidays.

o

They cannot work for more than 4 hours without a one-hour rest break (for ages 1316).

o

They cannot work for more than 2 hours on any school day or Sunday (for ages 1316).

o

They cannot work for more than 5 hours on Saturdays or weekdays during holidays (for ages 13-14).

o

They cannot work for more than 8 hours on Saturdays or weekdays during holidays (for ages 15-16).

o

They cannot work before 7AM or after 7PM (for ages 13-16).

o

They cannot work for 12 hours during a school week (for ages 13-16).

o

They cannot work for 25 hours a week (for ages 13-14).

o

They cannot work for 35 hours a week (for ages 15-16).

o

Minimum pay for 22 year old workers, £ 5.35 per hour.

o

Minimum pay for 18-21 year old worker, £ 4.45 per hour.

o

Minimum pay for 16-17 year old worker, £ 3.30 per hour.

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Smoking, alcohol, and illegal drugs are the health hazards most parents worry about their children.

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Children below 18 cannot smoke, nor can they buy and drink alcohol.

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One-half of young adults have tried illegal substances. That makes up a third of the total population.

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A person can vote once they reach 18.

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Studies show that only 1 out of 5 used their vote, because the other 4 were “uninterested” in the political process. However, they show interests on environmental issues and cruelty to animals.

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In 2003, survey, among young people, shows that crime, drugs, war / terrorism, racism, and health are the five most important issues Britain is currently facing.

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86% of young people have taken in community work or event, and 50% had taken part in a fund-raising event for charity.

Key points to memorize for Life in the UK test chapter 3 summary Population

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England makes up the majority of the UK’s population, 84% are living in England, 8% in Scotland, 5% in Wales, and 3% in the Northern Ireland.

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Population has grown since 1971 by 7.7%, some areas, like Northeast and Northwest England, has had a decline in population. Birth rates and death rates are falling too, that is why there are people aged 60 above, or even 85 up.

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A census is a count of the whole population. It collects statistics and some personal info. It is taken every 10 years; the last census was taken on 2001.

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Due to migration on the past few years, UK has been ethnically diverse. It makes up 8.3% of the total UK population.

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The largest ethnic minority groups live on England, 9% of their total population. 2% of the population in Wales and Scotland, and 1% in the Northern Ireland.

The nations and regions of the UK 

The UK is a medium-sized country.

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There are many dialects in the UK. Examples, in England, are Geordie (Tyneside), Scouse (Liverpool), and Cockney (London). In Wales, some speak Welsh. In Scotland, Gaelic is being practiced, or English but it shows influence of the old Scottish language, Scots. In Northern Ireland, some speak Irish Gaelic or Ulster Scots.

Religion 

UK is a Christian society, but everyone has the right to practice their religious beliefs.

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In the 2001 census, it shows that 75% admitted they had a religion, and 7 out of 10 people are Christians. These makes up 71.6% (in which 10% are Roman Catholics) of the total population, the remaining percentage practicing other religions.

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There is a constitutional link between the church and the state. The official church of the state is the Church of England, which is also called the Anglican Church in other countries, and the Episcopal Church in Scotland, and in the USA. It has existed since 1530.

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The King or Queen (monarch) is the head, or Supreme Governor, of the Church of England. The monarch is not allowed to marry who is not a Protestant.

- The Archbishop of Canterbury is the spiritual leader of the Church of England. 

The monarch has the right to select the Archbishop and church officials, but the choices are made by the Prime Minister and his Cabinet members.

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In Scotland, the established church is the Presbyterian Church, and its head is the Chief Moderator. No established churches in Wales or Northern Ireland.

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Baptists, Presbyterians, Methodists, and Quakers are Protestant groups. 10% are Roman Catholics (40% in Northern Ireland).

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Every country under UK has a patron Saint. Every year, public holidays are announced to honor them. o

St. David for Wales, celebrated every March 1

o

St. Patrick for Northern Ireland, celebrated every March 17

o

St. George for England, celebrated every April 23

o

St. Andrew for Scotland, celebrated every November 30

Customs and traditions 

As a Christian country, they also celebrate Christian, as well as non-Christian, traditions such as Christmas Day (Dec 25), New Year’s Day (Jan 1), Valentine’s Day (Feb 14), April Fools’ Day (Apr 1), Mother’s Day (3 weeks before Easter), and Halloween (Oct 31).

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They also celebrate / honor public holidays such as Guy Fawkes’ Night (Nov 5) as a remembrance to the failed Gunpowder Plot, and Remembrance Day (Nov 11) commemorating those who died fighting in the World War 1 and 2.

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Sports play an important role in UK. Popular sports include football, tennis, rugby, and cricket. There are different football teams for every country.

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Important sport events include the Grand National horse race, Football Association (FA) cup, Open Golf championship, and Wimbledon tournaments.

Key points to memorize for Life in the UK test chapter 4 summary

The British Constitution 

As a constitutional democracy, the UK is governed by a wide range of institutions.

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The monarchy. Like Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, and Sweden, UK has a constitutional democracy, meaning the King or Queen does not rule the country, but appoints the government the people have chosen in democratic elections.

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The King or Queen can advise the Prime Minister, but the Prime Minister still has the final decision.

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The King or Queen has several important roles, such as the opening session of the Parliament every year.

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The UK is divided into 646 parliamentary constituencies.

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MPs have different responsibilities. They represent their constituency, scrutinize decisions made by the government and debate whether it is beneficial or not.

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Every five years, the voting public elects a new Member of Parliament (MP). MPs form the House of Commons. Should an MP die or resign, they will have to elect another MP through a by-election, in his or her constituency. MPs are elected through a system called “first-pastthe-post”.

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The Whips are a small group of MPs responsible for the discipline of the other MPs. The Chief Whip attends Cabinet or Shadow Cabinet meetings to arrange the schedule of proceedings with the Speaker.

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Elections in the European Parliament are also held every five years. There are 78 seats for the representatives from the UK. Elected members are called Members of the European Parliament (MEPs).

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The House of Lords, known as peers, are not elected and (the position) can only be passed by “inheriting” it. In 1958, the Prime Minister has the power to appoint members of the House of Lords, known as Life Peers. It is the less important of the two chambers of the Parliament, but is independent.

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The Prime Minister is the head of the Parliamentary government. He / she appoints the members of the Cabinet. Elected PMs reside at 10 Downing St.

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The Prime Minister can be changed, if he decides to resign, the MPs in the governing party to do so, or if the Prime Minister’s party loses in the general election.

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The Cabinet directly works under the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister appoints 20 senior MPs for these posts o

Chancellor of the Exchequer is responsible for the economy Home Secretary is responsible for law, order and immigration Foreign Secretary, and ministers (called ‘Secretaries of State’) for education, health and defence Lord Chancellor, who is the minister responsible for legal affairs

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The Opposition, as the name implies, opposes and points out the weaknesses and faults of the decisions of the government.

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The Speaker is elected by his fellow MPs, and is expected to be always politically neutral. He / she must keep debates orderly and sometimes represents Parliament at some occasions.

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The party system is a group of MPs with shared interests. Examples are the Labor Party, Conservative Party, Liberal Democrats, or one of the parties representing Scottish, Welsh, or Northern Irish interests.

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Independents are MPs who do not wish to join a political party.

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Lobby groups are organized to try to influence government policy. They represent the public and share with other MPs the public’s point-of-view.

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Civil servants are managers and administrators who carry out government policy, and are expected to be politically neutral, but they can point out faults should they find it wrong or not sharing the sentiments of the general public.

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Devolved administration. In order to give people of Wales and Scotland more control of matters that affect them, they have devolved administration powers and made Welsh Assembly, Scottish Parliament, and Northern Ireland Assembly.

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The Welsh Assembly Government. Situated on Cardiff, the capital of Wales. It has 60 Assembly Members and elections are held for 4 years.

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The Parliament of Scotland. There are 129 Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), elected by a form of proportional representation.

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The Northern Ireland Assembly. Established in 1922 and abolished in 1972. The Assembly has 108 elected Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs). The Assembly has been suspended by 2006, and was restored on May 2007.

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The local government. The towns, cities, and rural areas in the UK are governed by the local authorities.

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Local authorities have a “council tax”, which funds local authority services.

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Local elections are held every year every May.

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The judiciary, or the judges, are the interpreters of the law. They can not decide if a convicted is guilty or innocent, as the juries decide it for them.

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The police are organized locally. The largest force is the Metropolitan Police and is based on the New Scotland Yard. Northern Ireland is served by the Police Service of Northern Ireland. They have “operational independence”, meaning they cannot be interfered by the government.

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Quangos are non-departmental bodies that carry out functions on behalf of the public.

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Media people in UK are free from political persecution. This is called “free press”.

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To be able to vote, one must be at least 18 years of age, and a resident of the UK.

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To be able to run in government offices, they must be at least 18, hasn’t been convicted, must have a local connection on the area they’re planning to run for a post, being on the electoral register, and must have owned / rented a property.

The Commonwealth 

The Commonwealth is an association of countries, most of which were part of the British Empire.

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The King or Queen is the head of the Commonwealth. It currently has 53 member states.

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The aim of the Commonwealth is to promote democracy, good government, and eradicate poverty.

The European Union 

The European Union (EU), originally called the European Economic Community (EEC), was set up by six Western European countries.

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One of the main reasons why this was founded because they think that this would resolve tensions between the European countries, therefore, lessening the chances of another war.

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One of the main aims of the EU is for the member states to function as a single market. One is to adopt Euro as their main currency, but UK has yet to adopt it.

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The Council of the European Union, also called, Council of Ministers, is effectively the governing body of the EU.

The Council of Europe 

It was created in 1949 and the UK was one of its founding members.

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Unlike the latter two, it has no power, but draws conventions and charters which focus on human rights, democracy, education, the environment, health and culture.

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Members are bound by the European Convention of Human Rights.

The United Nations 

The United Nations was set after the World War II and aims to prevent war and promote international peace and security.

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Currently, there are 190 members.

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There are 15 members of the UN Security Council, which recommends action if there is a threat to international peace.

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The UK is one of the five permanent members.

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Three very important agreements were produced by the UN. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, and the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

Key points to memorize for Life in the UK test chapter 5 summary Housing

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2/3 of people in the UK live in their own home. The remaining 1/3 lives on flats, rented houses or rooms.

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People who buy homes usually pay it with mortgages. Mortgages are loans that are paid for usually a long time, for example, 25 years.

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If you want to buy a home, you’ll need to go to a real estate agent. In Scotland, however, you need to go to a solicitor. Both act on behalf of the buyer and acts as a mediator between the buyer and the seller.

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Surveyors check the condition of the house you are about to buy. Usually, two are hired by the buyer, as they cannot see the survey done by the first surveyor.

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You can rent accommodations from your local authority, from a housing association or from landlords.

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“Council housing” – Local authorities provide this kind of housing.

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When renting a house, you need to sign a tenancy agreement, or lease. This contains the set of rules and agreements discussed between you and the seller.

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You are required to pay a small deposit fee called deposit. This fee will cover the fees should any damage occur. At the end of your tenancy, this will be refunded to you by the seller.

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It is a criminal offense to force a tenant out. Landlords should follow the correct rules should they prove that their tenants are a nuisance. It is also unlawful and a criminal offense if landlords deny services due to sexual or racial discrimination. Same goes for disabled people.

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You can to the local authority, or in Northern Ireland, the Housing Executive, if you are homeless. However, you are not given a place to live unless you are in priority need and have a connection within that area.

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Should you encounter problems or questions with housing services, you can call Shelter, a 24-hour housing charity, or The Citizens Advice Bureau.

Services in and for the home 

Water is supplied to all homes in the UK. The charge for this is called water rates.

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All properties in the UK have electricity supplied at 240 volts.

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For questions with regards to your electricity or electric bills, you can contact Energywatch. For gas problems, call Transco.

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Most homes have already a telephone line. Should you need a new line, call BT on 150 442. You can also get advices on Ofcom.

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999 or 112 are the emergency numbers in UK.

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Rubbish or wastes are collected on the same day of the week. Large objects, however, need to be collected separately by contacting your local authority.

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Council Tax are taxes used to fund local authority services. It depends on how large your house is and the value of your house. You get deductions if you’re living alone, are disabled, or a person with low income.

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It is advisable to insure your home. The landlord usually does this to prevent damage to his / her property.

Money and credit 

Bank notes in UK come in £5, £10, £20 and £50 denominations.

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Euro is the official currency of the European Union states. UK, however, decided not to adopt it and still using GBP as their main currency.

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You can get / exchange foreign currency at banks, building offices, or large post offices.

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Debit Cards use up money from your account to pay for the goods. Credit Cards require no balance from your account; however, you are sent a bill every month.

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You can get loans from banks, or from the Association of British Credit Unions (ABCUL).

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The UK has a system of social security which pays welfare benefits to people who do not have enough money to live on.

Health 

Healthcare is organized under the National Health Service (NHS). It began in 1948, and is one of the largest organizations in Europe.

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Family doctors are called General Practitioners (GPs). Before you go to the hospital, they are usually consulted first. They then refer you to a specialist for your illness (should you be really sick).

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Prescriptions are free for anyone who is: o

Under 16 years of age (or under 25 in Wales)

o

Under 19 and in full-time education

o

Aged 60 or over

o

Pregnant or with a baby under 12 months old

o

Suffering from a specified medical condition

o



Receiving Income Support, Jobseekers’ Allowance, Working Families or Disabilities Tax Credit

Free dental treatment can be availed by: o

People under 18 (in Wales, people under 25 and over 60)

o

Pregnant women and women with babies under 12 months old

o

People on Income Support, Jobseekers’ Allowance, or Pension Credit Guarantee

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Sight tests are free for people aged over 60, and children. In Scotland, however, eye tests are free.

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When registering a birth, if the parents are married, the father or mother can register the birth. If they are not married, only the mother is allowed to register the birth. If they are not married, but both parents want to keep both names, they’re both required to come to register the birth.

Education 

Education is free for children aged 5-16 (4-16 in Northern Ireland).

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Compulsory education is divided into two stages, primary and secondary. Some schools have middle-school in between.

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Primary stage is from 5-11 (4-11 in Northern Ireland). Secondary stage lasts until the age of 16. They can decide whether to continue studying (go to Further Education) or stop.

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Young people (aged 16) who leave school early whose families have low income can get allowances thru Education Maintenance Allowance (EMA).

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Faith schools are primary and secondary schools linked to the Church of England. There are also Muslim, Jewish, and Sikh schools. In Northern Ireland, some are called Integrated Schools, which aims to bring students of different religions together.

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Private schools are also known as independent schools. 8% of children go to these schools.

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All schools must follow the National Curriculum. This includes English, Math, Science, Design and Technology, Information and Communication History, Music, PE and Citizenship.

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In England, curriculum is divided into four stages, called Key Stages. The students are required to take SAT tests at 7, 11, and 14. At age 16, they take GCSEs. At 18, if they have decided to stay at school, can take AGCEs (Advanced GCE levels).

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In Wales, they have abolished SAT tests at age 7 and 11, and are planning to abolish the last SAT test at 14. However, they are still required to assess students’ performance at those ages.

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In Scotland, the curriculum is divided into two phases, the first is from 5-14, the second, from 14-16. They will soon follow a single curriculum for all pupils aged 3-16 called A Curriculum for Excellence.

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You can get additional English lessons from an English Additional Language teacher.

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Children aged 14 get career advices. It is also available from Connexions.

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Schools must be open for 190 days a year.

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At present, most universities charge £3,000 per year. Students who can’t afford this can be given a grant. The universities can also give them support, in form of bursaries, which they are required to pay once they leave the university to work.

Leisure 

Films are classified as such: o

U (Universal) – can be watched by anyone aged 4 and up

o

PG (Parental Guidance) – suitable for everyone but some content may not be suitable for children

o

12 or 12a – children under 12 are not allowed, unless they have an adult to accompany them

o

15 – children under 15 are not allowed to see the film

o

18 – no one under 18 is allowed to see the film

o

R18 – no one under 18 is allowed to see the film, and this is limited only to some cinemas.

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A color TV license costs £ 131.50 (2006) and lasts for 12 months. People aged 75 up can apply for a free license. Blind people get a 50% cut when applying for one.

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You must be 18 or above to be allowed to bet or gamble, go clubbing, drink alcohol, or smoke.

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It is unlawful to hurt a dog or a cat. The owner is responsible for the behavior of his / her pets.

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Pets should be properly vaccinated. If you cannot afford to vaccinate your pets, you can go to the People’s Dispensiary for Sick Animals.

Travel and Transport 

For information on trains, call the National Rail Enquiry Service. For trains in Northern Ireland, call Translink. For coaches, call National Express. For coaches in Scotland, call Scottish Citylink.

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Tickets for trains are discounted for families, people aged 60 and over, disabled people and students and people under 26.

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All taxis must have licenses and license plate.

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You must be at least 17 to drive a motorcycle, 18 to drive a medium-sized lorry, and 21 to drive a large lorry, or bus, with the additional requirement of a special license, besides your driving license.

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In getting a driver’s license, you should follow these three steps: o

Apply for a provisional driver’s license. With this you can drive a motorcycle.

o

Pass a written theory test.

o

Pass the practical driving test.

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Drivers can use their license until 70.

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You can drive in the UK if you have a driver’s license from any member states of the EU.

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It is a criminal offense to have a car not insured.

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You must pay a road tax before you can drive. Failure to do so can get your vehicle towed.

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It is required for everyone riding a vehicle to have a seat belt for safety. It is illegal for someone driving the vehicle to have a mobile phone on hand.

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Speed limits are: o

30 mph in built-up areas

o

60 mph on single carriageways

o

70 mph on motorways, and dual carriageways

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It is illegal to drive when under the influence of an alcoholic drink. A police officer can stop you and force you to take a breathalyzer test to see how much alcohol you have in your body. Failing the test can get you arrested.

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Should you be involved in a driving accident:



o

Do not drive away. That is a criminal offense.

o

Call the police or emergency number 999 / 112.

o

Get the contact details of the other drivers.

o

Give your details to the police.

o

Make a note of everything that happened.

You can use these items to prove your identity:

o

Official documents from the Home Office

o

Certificate of Identity

o

Passport or travel document

o

National Insurance (NI) number card

o

Provisional or full driving license

o

Recent bill

o

Rent or benefits book

Key points to memorize Life in the UK Test Chapter 6 Summary

Looking for Work

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It is recommended for jobseekers to go the Home Office website, “Working in the UK”, or on Jobcentre Plus, as well as the low-cost telephone service, Jobseeker Direct.

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Your curriculum vitae and a covering letter are documents you need when applying for a job.

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Employers have the right to perform a background check, especially if the job involves children or vulnerable people.

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Volunteering and work experience can help you land the job of your choice more easily, as it is an advantage.

Equal rights and discrimination 

It is unlawful for employers to refuse an application or discriminate someone at work.

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There are a number of jobs where discrimination laws do not apply. Examples are work-athome jobs.

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You can get more information on law and racial discrimination from the Commission for Racial Equality. The Equal Opportunities Commission can help with sex discrimination issues and the Disability Rights Commission can help you with disability discrimination issues. In 2007, they will be brought into one Commission called, Commission for Equality and Human Rights.



Sexual harassment can take different forms, these include:

o

Indecent remarks

o

Comments about the way you look that make you feel uncomfortable or humiliated

o

Comments or questions about your sex life

o

Inappropriate touching or sexual demands

o

Bullying behavior or being treated in a way that is rude, hostile, degrading or humiliating because of your sex

At work 

At the beginning of the job, you are given your work contract stating your work hours, description, benefits and the end of your employment with the company.



Minimum wage for the following age groups are: o

22 and above – £5.35 an hour

o

18-21 – £4.45 an hour

o

16-17 – £3.30 an hour

o

Under 16 – There is no National Minimum Wage !!!



Taxes and National Insurance are automatically deducted from your salary. If you are selfemployed, you need to pay for your taxes and insurance manually.



Your National Insurance number is given before your 16th birthday. If you’re not given one, you can apply for one at Jobcentre Plus or at your local Social Security Office.



Pensions are availed once they have paid enough National Insurance contributions, and you are currently 65 years of age.

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Trade unions are organizations who aim to improve the pay and better the working conditions of the employees. They can also help you if you have problems regarding your work.

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It is punishable by the law if you’re unfairly dismissed from your job. They should give a good explanation on why you should be dismissed before they can remove you from your job.

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If a company does not need your services anymore, or cannot afford to pay you, you are entitled to a redundancy pay.



You can claim allowances if you’re unemployed on Jobseekers’ Allowance (JSA). This is applicable only for 18-65 year old people. If you’re 16-17 years old, you can apply for a Young Person’s Bridging Allowance (YPBA).



New Deal helps unemployed people get back on the job by giving them learning programs and support.

Working for yourself 

Self-employed people must pay their taxes and NI by themselves. They also have to keep track of their expenses on the businesses they run and send it to HM Revenue and Customs every year.



British citizens can work in any country that is a member of the European Economic Area (EEA).

Childcare and children at work for Life in the UK test chapter 6 

Women who are expecting a baby are entitled to a maternity leave for up to 26 weeks.



Men whose wives are expecting a baby are entitled to a paternity leave for up to 2 weeks, provided they have worked for at least 26 weeks in their office.



You can start working at age 13, but there are limitations. For example, you are not allowed to take on jobs on hazardous places like the kitchen, or with machinery (except computers).



13-16 year old children can NOT work in these cases:



o

for more than 4 hours without a one-hour break

o

for more than 2 hours on any school day or Sunday

o

On Saturdays, and (on Weekdays during School Holidays) 

Cannot work for more than 5 Hours (13-14 Year Olds)



Cannot work for more than 8 Hours (15-16 Year Olds)

o

before 7AM or after 7PM

o

for more than one hour before school starts (if allowed by local bylaw)

o

Before the Close of School hours

o

for more than 12 hours in any school week

15-16 year old children can work more than 14 year old children.