Gold Experience C1 SB - Answer - Key [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

2ND EDITION

C1

UNIT 1 LOOK AHEAD, LOOK BACK READING 1 Possible answers 1 A My earliest memory would probably be my first day at school. I was so proud to be able to write my name and was very excited to play on the jungle gym. B My happiest memory? Well, maybe it would be my tenth birthday. I was allowed to have a party with ten friends and we made a sort of disco in the living room with coloured lights and loud music. It’s funny to think about it now, but at the time, I was in heaven. C One time, I got a huge fright when I was at home alone and I heard a strange tapping noise on my window. I looked up and found myself face to face with a huge man. I was convinced he was a burglar. As it turned out, he was actually my neighbour’s brother who had got the wrong address. D I guess the most exciting thing that has ever happened to me was when I travelled abroad last summer to visit my cousin in Scotland. As well as having a great time when I got over there, it was also my first time on a plane. 2 Students’ own answers. 2 Possible answers 1 I think this quote means that our brains couldn’t possibly remember absolutely everything, so it has to select and discard certain memories, making sure it doesn’t forget anything too important. 2 My guess is that this quote is about how forgetting is good for us. If you can’t forget bad things that have happened, it could hold you back from enjoying life. 3 The documentary is about how memories can be changed or erased. It says that the way the brain stores memories is analogous to a computer system. A hacker is someone who breaks into a computer system to change or erase data. 4 1 G (according to recent research, the era of memory manipulation is not very far off at all in paragraph i and scientific breakthroughs in paragraph ii link with sweeping advances in technology, neurochemistry and cognitive science in paragraph G) 2 D (where and how long-term memories are formed, stored and recalled in paragraph ii links with It has always been thought that memory is a recording device in paragraph D) 3 A (The parallel would be more like bringing up a file on the computer, modifying it slightly and then saving it to the hard drive in paragraph iii links with This understanding has been crucial in paragraph A) 4 F (rodents that have been genetically modified for this purpose, and manipulate them with lasers in paragraph iv) links with a mouse is put into a totally new, barren environment in paragraph F) 5 C (… was to focus on the people behind some of the most provocative discoveries, both researchers and subjects in paragraph v links with Three people who feature in it are Jake Hausler Merel Kindt and Julia Shaw in paragraph C) 6 B (Merel, a professor from the University of Amsterdam, succeeded in in paragraph vi links with What is perhaps more unnerving is London South Bank professor Julia Shaw’s study, in paragraph B; she persuaded them that they had committed crimes in the past in paragraph B) links with Implanting false memories is clearly now possible in paragraph vii) 5 1 realm ​2  current ​3  flawed ​4  modifying ​5  advent ​ 6 facilitating ​7 paving the way for ​8 cutting-edge

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

6 Possible answers 1 People used to think there was a central memory bank where memories were filed away like books in library. It was also thought that memories were permanent and unchangeable. 2 Nowadays, we know that memories are stored in separate areas of the brain, that they are not always accurate, and that they can be altered. 3 Forgetting bad things that have happened to us helps us to get over the experiences and move on. 7 Possible answer I agree with Pushko3 that memory manipulation is quite frightening. What if these sorts of technologies were to fall into the wrong hands? I’m sceptical of what BaileyBoy says about it being a good application of science. In my view, there are far more important things that scientists could be dedicating their time to, like trying to tackle diseases or climate change.

GRAMMAR 1 A took = completed period; was touching = focus on experience/activity in progress B action before the simple past of ‘remembered’ C emphasis on something true in the past but not now; repetition of single action in the past; descriptive 2 Possible answers 1 Could you help me with this homework? / I was wondering if you could help me with this homework. 2 Did you want to tell me what’s wrong? / I was wondering if you wanted to tell me what’s wrong. 3 I was hoping you might have enough time to come shopping with me. / Did you have enough time to come shopping with me? 4 I was thinking we might put our heads together to brainstorm some ideas. / My idea was that we could put our heads together to brainstorm some ideas. 5 I was wondering if I could borrow ten pounds from you. / Could I (possibly) borrow ten pounds from you? 3 1 When she was younger, it was better. 2 She could remember all the details of their appearance. 3 She remembered a list of verbs (she has a photographic memory). 4 1 used to ​2  would/used to ​3  ‘d been following/’d followed ​ 4 was watching ​5 had been pouring ​6  started ​7  ordered ​ 8 found ​9  was actually staying 5 1 would/used to check 2 faded 3 started 4 recorded 5 had never experienced 6 began 7 hadn’t been watching 8 hadn’t been drinking 9 had warned 10 arrived 11 used to start / started 12 was lying 13 woke up 14 had disturbed 6 Possible answer In his dream, he was lying in bad and he work up because some noise had disturbed him. When he looked up, he saw that his cat had transformed into a giant spider which was crawling up over his bedspread. It climbed over his face. He tried to scream but no sound came out …

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 7 Possible answers 1 Once, I had this awful nightmare about sitting an exam I had been studying for. In the dream, I got to the exam room, but then I found that I had forgotten a pen. I kept rummaging in my bag, trying to find one, but it was empty. I tried to get the attention of the examiner and the other candidates, but everyone just ignored me, I was waving my hands and even called out but no one did anything. It was like I was completely invisible! I was so relieved when I woke up and discovered it was all only a dream! When I sat the real exam, I took at least a dozen pens. A few people looked at me strangely, but I wasn’t taking any chances after my bad dream! 2 When I was four, I got separated from my dad at an open market. Apparently, I had wandered off while he was buying something from a stall. Anyway, after a few minutes, I was getting pretty upset, so one of the other stallholders asked if I was OK. Here’s where the memory bit comes in: even though I was only four, I had memorised my dad’s mobile number. He had been looking for me everywhere and was very relieved to get a call saying I was all right. It’s just lucky that I was able to remember the number when it mattered, I guess!

VOCABULARY 1 Possible answers 1 young man at the front with light brown hair and two thumbs up 2 tanned man with short hair, smiling 3 young man with blue hair and a painted face 4 blond young man with black t-shirt, arm in air 5 four slightly older men in fluorescent orange tops, two with wigs 6 young man with heart-shaped sunglasses 7 woman with dark hair and dark glasses with two arms raised, dark glasses, fringe 2 Possible answers 1 I’m really into fashion, so I tend to notice and remember what people wear. / I tend to notice how people are feeling, did they have a happy vibe or were they stressed? / I often remember faces or hair. 2 People always seem to remember my name because it’s unique. / People probably remember my glasses and that I’m quite tall. / I’ve been told that people remember my sense of humour because I make so many jokes. 3 1 someone with an extraordinary memory for faces (it’s what we call people who have an extraordinary memory for faces) 2 They can spot criminals in crowd scenes. (The police use people like me to scan photos of individuals and groups to spot people, like petty criminals in potential riot situations and so on.) 4 memorise: used to actively remember things like lists for examinations realise: used when we become aware of something and understand clearly recall and remember: used in the same way because they have similar meanings. Remember is more common than recall, and we tend to use recall more for bringing back experiences rather than specific facts e.g. phone numbers recognise: used when we see something or someone and remember that we have seen this before remind: used to make someone remember something that they must do 5 1 C  2 E  3 D  4 A  5 F  6 B 6 1 commit ​2  blocked ​3 jog ​4 word for word ​5 triggers ​ 6 selective 7 1 selective ​2 remembers/recalls ​3 remember/recall ​ 4 remind ​5 word for word ​6 trigger

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

8 Possible answers 1 My elder sister has a really good memory. She’s able to remember things she’s read almost word for word. 2 My brother has a selective memory. He never lets me forget about times when I’ve embarrassed myself but he seems to have blocked out all of his! 3 I have a couple of friends who are lovely people, but have poor memories, especially for plans, which has led to a few issues. Now, if we’re meeting somewhere, I always send a quick text to jog their memory beforehand!

LISTENING 1 Possible answers Types of records: social media, photo sharing sites, blog, vlog, paper diary, scrapbook 1 social media/photo sharing sites/blog/vlog: can get comments/likes from other users; may be permanent, i.e. by uploading to the internet you create digital footprint, which may be hard to delete later if you wanted to; on the other hand, there may be a risk of losing content depending on the website and whether you have backed up content; sharing can be done publicly or with a select group. 2 diary/scrapbook: it could last a long time, and be easy to get rid of if you wanted to; it may also be easy to lose and no back up, usually private to you, or to people you physically share it with. 2 1 Task 1 – reason; Task 2 – challenge 2 There are three extra options per task; this makes finding the key harder because three options are ‘distractors’. 3 It helps you focus on what to listen for. Task 1: the reason each speaker gives for using their chosen media A to build better relationships B to create something unique C to replicate face-to-face communication D to compare experiences E to make funny stories F to engage a wide audience G to remember special moments H to be the same as friends Task 2: the problem each speaker experienced A keeping information private B understanding software C technique challenges D lack of exposure E criticism from others F inappropriate postings G missing real life H losing data 3 exam tip Speaker 2 mentions the movies, witty captions. He likes the fact that it’s something his parents aren’t on, it’s immediate and can share banter as if he is with his friends. 5 Task 1 1 A (sharing visuals of what I’m doing actually makes me closer to my friends … we actually communicate more) 2 C (I can share the same kind of banter I have when I’m actually with my friends) 3 F (I’m inspired by the likes and comments I get … my real interest is in building followers) 4 D (I enjoy looking back at what I was doing at the same time last year) 5 B (I enjoy making something that is a complete one-off)

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY Task 2 6 B (too many people could see my posts but it was because I didn’t understand how to set it up) 7 H (I was upset by having no record of a school trip because it disappeared) 8 F (then regretted it as it was too personal) 9 A (I was angry about one of my friends reading it once) 10 C (I used to get very frustrated with how to draw properly)

USE OF ENGLISH 1 1 All are ‘how someone is affected by an action or event’. 2 1 upset A by B also pairs with at/with/about C 2 2 angry A about B also pairs with with/at/over C 1 3 frustrated A with B also pairs with at/by C 3 3 Possible answers 1 pleased, undecided, excited, worried 2 encouraged, impressed, influenced, overwhelmed 3 alienated, separated, exhausted, prevented 4 dedicated, committed, devoted, accustomed 5 delighted, frustrated, satisfied, disappointed 6 annoyed, astonished, alarmed, accomplished 4 2 from  3 about  4 with  5 by  6 by 5 It’s a way of taking notes that involves drawing and diagrams, as well as words. 6 1 at (participle adjective and dependent preposition) 2 with (participle adjective and dependent preposition) 3 on (participle adjective and dependent preposition) 4 were (past form of to be better at) 5 after (time phrase) 6 of (participle adjective and dependent preposition) 7 in (participle adjective and dependent preposition) 8 to (participle adjective and dependent preposition)

USE OF ENGLISH 2 1 memory – noun (memorise, memorable, unmemorable, memorably) recollection – noun (collection, collect, recollect) repeatedly – adverb (repeat, repetition, repetitive) substantial – adjective (insubstantial, substantially, insubstantially, substance) temporary – adjective (temporarily) transfer – noun or verb (transferable, transference) 2 Possible answer Perhaps FutureMe allows you to upload photos and they will alter them to show what you might look like in the future. It might be some sort of advice website that helps you create plans to become the person you want to be. 3 nouns: increase, difference, inspiration, advice, description, reassurance adjectives: increasing, different, inspirational/inspiring, advisable, advisory, descriptive, reassuring adverb: increasingly, differently, inspirationally, advisedly, descriptively, reassuringly verb: increase, differ, inspire, advise, describe, reassure

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

4 1 increase ​2  inspirational/inspiring ​3  differently ​ 4 reassurance ​5  advisable 5 1 glorious (adjective – subject complement to it) 2 pleasure (noun – head of noun phrase pleasure we got from walking across London in the early hours) 3 inspiration (noun – following article an) 4 substantially (adverb – modifying verb earning) 5 reminder (noun – following article a,) 6 disappointment (noun – following article/adjective the big, direct object of get over; negative form – collocation get over a disappointment) 7 sensible (adjective – part of comparative more sensible, subject complement of you) 8 advice (noun – subject required for is, follows possessive determiner my)

SPEAKING SB 3 Pair 2 are better because they interact, rather than giving a sequence of long turns. 4 asking for an opinion: Got any thoughts on that? showing agreement: You’re so right. partially agreeing/politely disagreeing: I agree up to a point. 6 (Stressed syllables underlined. The suggested tone is in brackets, although this will depend on individual speakers and what they wish to convey.) Don’t you agree? (rising tone) My thinking exactly (falling tone) That’s an excellent way of putting it! (rising on excellent, fallingon putting it) That’s true, but on the other hand … (high on that’s true, falling on other hand 7 Possible answer A: How do you feel about personal letters, diaries and memoirs? Are they effective? B: I’d say they are excellent sources because you have the opportunity to really get inside someone’s head and understand what life was like for them at that time. A: That’s true, but on the other hand, these sources are very subjective so might give quite a narrow view of a time period or event. B: You could be right, but it probably depends why you want to learn about the past. For example, if it was to find out about ancestors, these sources would give you personal insight. Now, let’s see, how about oral histories …

WRITING 1 Possible answers 1 • Yes, I always look up online reviews before buying any of these things. It saves me both time and money, and helps me decide which product is most suitable for me. • I don’t usually read reviews because I find they often contain spoilers even if they say they don’t! I’ve also found that reviews aren’t that helpful unless you find a reviewer that has very similar taste. 2 The purpose of a review is to evaluate something and make a recommendation. 3 • I definitely trust my friends because they know what my taste is and are more likely to recommend things I’ll actually enjoy. • I prefer online reviews because they are convenient and quick to look up. That said, you do have to be careful of fake reviewers who aren’t genuine.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 2 Suggested answers a film – title, brief description of plot, evaluation of key features e.g. acting, direction, photography, costumes, music, sets; how it compares to other films, etc. a TV programme or series – title, brief description of plot, evaluation of key features e.g. acting, direction, storyline; how it compares to other series, etc. a book – title, brief description of plot, evaluation of key features e.g. characters, storyline, style of writing; how it compares to other books, etc. a performance in the theatre – title, brief description of plot, evaluation of key features e.g. acting, direction, script, costumes, music, sets; how it compares to other plays/operas, etc. a video game – title, brief description of plot, evaluation of key features e.g. characters, challenges, graphics, levels, comparison to other games 3 The audience would include other students in the college. They need to know the four points to include in the task (i.e. briefly describe the person, the aspects of their life or character, how authentic it seemed, whether it helped the audience understand the person better). 4 1 Yes, it does. 2 The review mentions plot, actors, scenes and direction. 3 Informal – it’s for a peer audience. 4 It mentions all of these – they make the writer’s opinion more persuasive. 5 Students’ own answers. exam tip Five: Michael Fassbender, the scriptwriter, Winslet, Rogan, the director 5 (Underlined = words/phrases which connect ideas; bold = examples of positive, emotive language) It is always hard to make a film about a real person, especially one who is in living memory. Danny Boyle’s film Steve Jobs is a fantastic character study which both dispels and reinforces some of the myths that have built up around someone who many consider to be a genius. The film offers a new narrative framework – it has three separate sequences, each of which captures Jobs at public points in his career just before a product launch, with a few brief flashbacks to earlier episodes in his life. Michael Fassbender gives a towering performance as this difficult man who famously betrayed his friends, alienated his allies and mistreated his loved ones. The scriptwriter has worked on real life characters before, notably in The Social Network, and just like that this film doesn’t pull any punches. Winslet and Rogen provide a superb supporting cast as Job’s right-hand woman and his more tedious co-founder Wozniak respectively. In fact, it may be Winslet’s best performance to date. But how the events unfold is not necessarily representative of real life as the writer takes liberties with both facts and characters in order to create a movie that hurtles along at breath-taking speed. Having said that, film bios were never intended to be documentaries – they are allegories that illustrate meanings and morals we can apply to our everyday lives. The film is also driven by the director’s kinetic pace, making it fresh and absorbing. For all the darker side we see of his personality, ultimately, the film showcases the sheer brilliance of the man at the heart of the film. 6 Possible answers 1 The latest Star Wars film has a fast-moving plot and brilliant script which other recent blockbusters have lacked. 2 It has superb CGI, which is far superior to the original films.

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

3 I found it surprising and refreshing, to see diversity among the characters represented. 4 This is a must-see, especially for fans of the Star Wars franchise. 8 1 biographies, psychological thrillers, etc. 2 A 3 they explain information that has happened in the past that may motivate current events/feelings, etc. 4 chapter, instalment, part 5 you don’t tell the truth 6 A

SWITCH ON 1 Possible answers 1 Students’ own answers. 2 Our group had mixed feelings about our childhoods being broadcast on television. On the one hand, there would be excitement and a feeling of being a bit special. On the other hand, there might be embarrassment and a feeling of invasion of privacy. 3 We thought that it would generally be fine as long as nothing too embarrassing or personal was shown, it isn’t that different to parents posting things on the internet, is it? / I think it is unfair and unethical to film children’s personal lives for a show, I’m not sure they can really understand consent anyway. Once information about your life is in the public domain, you can’t erase it. 2 Suggested answer To film a group of seven year olds as a social experiment, then film them at intervals throughout their lives. 3 Possible answers Nick felt that the programme showed only tiny snippets selected from a lot of footage of his life. He expressed disappointment as he felt that the programme did not give a full representation of the essence of his character. Nick felt that the footage didn’t give an accurate picture of himself but just ‘somebody’. Suzy said that the time restraints of the programme didn’t allow it to give a rounded picture or accurate image of the participants’ true characters. 4 Possible answers 1 If Nick and Suzy had edited each episode, perhaps they would have chosen footage that gave a truer and more heartfelt representation of their experience of life, as opposed to what the producers thought should be filmed and addressed at certain ages. They might have avoided answering leading questions from producers that they did not want to answer or did not feel were relevant at the time. Nick and Suzy might have chosen to avoid showing personal or extremely emotional situations out of respect for their privacy. Or they might have wanted to eliminate documentation of their professional life. 2 A common trend for our generation is to post and edit images of things we have purchased. This could be because society places a lot of value on material possessions, especially new clothes, but also other items. Thus, people start to express their personalities and identities through material possessions. The pictures they post become symbolic of a lifestyle choice that they are trying to convey. I tend to pose in my photos for various reasons, from flattering my appearance to creating a comic effect. I think there is sometimes a competitive element to posting on social media. People like to give the impression that their lives are happy and successful and that they have a very large group of friends.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 3 I would be interested to watch footage of myself taken from my childhood until now because it would be interesting to see the ways in which I’ve stayed the same and the ways in which I’ve changed. However, I wouldn’t like it to be broadcast on television or the internet for the world to see. I think that’s too intrusive and I would be worried that I would be unhappy about how I was presented.

INDEPENDENT LEARNING 1 Possible answers 1 It can help you decide what to concentrate on; help you learn from mistakes; motivate you as you recognise areas of progress; it increases self-responsibility and independence; it’s good practice for university/the workplace. 2 Students should tick the first two points. 2 Possible answers 1 You can assess any. 2 Make a note of what you noticed and make a plan of what to do next, e.g. revise an area, ask for help, practise again. 3 Being self-aware can help you improve your performance. After a task, consider – what did I do well? What do I need to work on? Don’t be too hard on yourself. Try to be a positive, encouraging voice rather than a self-critical one. 3 Possible answers 1 … I want to be the best I can … it will help me know what to ask for help with … 2 … my speaking. For example, am I speaking at a good pace, clearly and fluently, using a range of language? 3 … doing my homework and taking extra opportunities to practise English (e.g. using mobile apps, watching TV, joining a conversation club, identifying what I need to work on and making a plan.)

2ND EDITION

C1

4 1 had gone/been sold by the time 2 no sooner had Sam posted 3 after having told 4 realised my account had been hacked 5 did was close my account 6 am worried about 5 1 A about B with 2 A for B with 3 A by B for 4 A from B with 6 Suggested answer Your review was really helpful, thanks. It was a good idea to introduce all the characters in the film and I was impressed by your descriptions of the sets and costumes. Also, I thought it was very good because you made it sound exciting but you did not give any of the critical parts of the story away. I was disappointed with what you said about the plot being boring, but I’d still like to see it based on your review. If you write any more reviews, it would be really useful if you could mention how the film compares to other similar films you’ve seen. Keep posting!

GRAMMAR FILE

1 1 did you spend 2 was doing, went 3 used to 4 ’d been playing, hadn’t washed 5 Did you reply, got 6 caught up, hadn’t seen 2 1 met, was working 2 came, had never seen 3 called, realised, had been staring, had completely run out of 4 Did you want UNIT CHECK 5 was wondering 6 Were you thinking Practice 3 1 he had been watching 1 1 remember/recall ​2 charismatic/inspirational ​3 commit ​ 2 was wondering if/whether you could give 4 stick ​5 recognise ​6 inspirational ​7 reassuring ​8 marked ​ 3 didn’t use to drink as 9 memorise ​10 paved 4 the sandwiches had gone by the 2 Students’ own answers. 5 took me four hours (to write) 3 1 reassuring ​2 flashbacks ​3 allegory ​4 awareness ​ 6 after they had/they’d done 5 mundane 4 1 I was worried and annoyed about the phone call. 4 Students’ own answers. 2 We were interested in and amused by the video she posted. 3 She was interested in and pleased with her new phone. Review 4 My classmate was devoted and connected to all his followers. 1 1 F  2 D  3 A  4 B  5 G  6 E  7 C  8 H 5 My parents were horrified and shocked by my friend’s Events happening at the same time: G and E. Facebook post. 6 The audience was amazed by and engaged with the brilliant 2 1 was wondering if you would mind movie they saw. 2 was thinking we/you could 3 Would it be 5 1 was ​2 when ​3 by ​4 in ​5 been ​6 on ​7 at ​8 had 4 was hoping you might/would have 3 1 had been studying 2 had deleted 3 were giving 4 had already been 5 had been filming 6 were all playing

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

2ND EDITION

C1

UNIT 2 WINNERS AND LOSERS READING 1 Possible answers 1 • I entered a talent show last year as part of a hip-hop dance group. Although I was quite nervous, it was exciting to perform with lights and costumes. We didn’t come anywhere but that didn’t matter because we only entered for fun. • I suppose you could say my weekly football game is a competition. It can feel quite tense at times because our school has a good chance of winning so we put a lot of pressure on ourselves to play well. That said, if I didn’t enjoy the competitive aspect on some level, I wouldn’t be playing. 2 • I went to cheer on my friend at a karaoke competition the other day. Even though I was only in the audience, I felt quite nervous on her behalf! • I was lucky enough to see our national basketball team play recently. There was a great atmosphere, with so much energy from the crowd. However, in the end, we lost and I must say I was bitterly disappointed. 3 1 A The poetry slam involves poets performing their poems, often to a background beat, to compete for votes from selected audience members. The preparation involves writing your own original poem and lots of practise. Performers likely feel excited because of the fun buzz of performing. 2 B A Blitz Chess Tournament is a speeded-up game of chess with only a short time to make each move. It involves playing to improve speed and make fast decisions, and you also need to keep fit. During the game, players feel focused and under pressure. 3 C A gaming tournament involves physically attending an event, sometimes for a few days. Practice involves playing online. Players may feel a buzz (excitement) and/or performance anxiety. 4 D A dance battle is a head to head contest between two dancers competing for spectator votes. It involves many hours of hard training and practice. It feels very exciting and intense to compete, thrilling to win, and there may be moments of triumph and doubt along the way. exam tip In paragraph B, students should underline: (It’s essential to) practise to improve speed … keep your body in good shape, too. 4 1 See exam tip. 2 C (basic mistakes start to creep in. The secret is: try not to dwell on them, otherwise you’ll lose focus and be constantly playing catch-up.) 3 A (but I’m betting that none of them have really experienced the pulsing excitement of a real, hard-fought head-to-head slam battle.) 4 D (The audience turn their cards – red for him, blue for you – and it’s a sea of blue. You’ve won your first major dance battle …) 5 B (you’ll be playing mind games with your opponent, and trying to distract each other.) 6 D (‘Beat that!’ his eyes and hand gesture say. He turns, triumphant, and for a fleeting moment a sneaking doubt catches your heart.) 7 A (For those not in the know, slams are not sedate affairs where poets dramatically declaim their poetry to a captivated audience …) 8 B (It’s one thing playing a calm and quiet game of chess with your family or even someone online. The atmosphere is relaxed, you have thinking time and there’s no real pressure on you to win. Enter a tournament and that all changes …) Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

9 A (need to create a sense of immediacy that touches everyone in the room.) 10 C (the prospect of playing in front of people watching can be daunting. Performance anxiety can affect a player both physically and mentally … but be careful because the buzz can be addictive.) 5 1 those not in the know 2 hanging on every word 3 rise to the occasion 4 big time 5 playing mind games 6 play catch-up 7 throwing (some awesome) moves 8 for a fleeting moment 9 not for the faint-hearted 10 not down to 7 Possible answers 1 • I think the most appealing would probably be the dance competition. To me, it seems like the competition with the most visible action that you can see easily. I like the idea of being able to cast a vote as well, it would make me feel more involved. • The competition I’d least enjoy going to would be the gaming tournament. The text said the atmosphere is electric, but to me, it still sounds a little boring to watch other people playing games when I’d much rather be playing them myself! 2 • In my view, the audience is the best judge. It makes the show more engaging for the spectators and spreads the decision over lots of varied perspectives rather than a small panel of experts. • I have to say I think it’s unfair when audiences judge competitions. It often comes down to a popularity contest instead of who actually performed the best. It would also depend on where the contestants were from, giving an advantage to a local over someone playing away, for example.

GRAMMAR 1 1 to create ​2  committing ​3  to distract ​4  prevent 2 1 need  2 let  3 involve  4 try 3 infinitive: aim, claim, dare, endeavour, pretend, struggle, tempt, tend, vote -ing: infinitive: avoid, consider, deny, end up, fancy, imagine, risk, recall both: forget 5 A to watch B to have won, to be C to have won D to come and work E only to realise 6 1 to fail 2 opting out 3 to get 4 retaking 5 going on to do 6 getting 7 try to do 8 enjoying 9 feeling 10 telling 1

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

2ND EDITION

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VOCABULARY

4 latest equipment (Equally, we all want to take advantage of the latest equipment that the big sports brands compete to 1 Suggested answer develop because we believe it enhances our performance.) Don’t boast about your achievements, especially before 5 same conditions (Some of the purists said that my time could they happen. only count if I had run in the same conditions as the previous 2 It has succeeded in spite of having a lot of competition from record. This seems unrealistic …) other soap operas. 6 body type (I think you have to think about is whether you are It failed and cost a lot of money to produce. the best body type for the sport you want to do) 7 swimmer (I really wanted to be a swimmer … I felt incredibly 3 1 resounding ​2  unprecedented ​3  vast ​4  dismal ​ let down at the time) 5 unmitigated ​6  colossal ​7  endearing ​8  eternal ​9  burning ​ 8 limit (my performance really took off when I had a coach who 10 lukewarm ​11  futile ​12  formidable really pushed me to the limit of my physical endurance – and I 4 Possible answers have that to thank him for) impressive/fantastic accomplishment 6 1 to go into (C) daunting/huge challenge 2 to be down to (E) unmitigated/complete disaster 3 to face up to (D) complete/abysmal failure 4 to end up (A) roaring/resounding success 5 to come back to (F) 5 1 square ​2  losses ​3  big ​4  game ​5  getting ​6  else ​ 6 to switch up (B) 7 win-win ​8  get 7 Possible answers 6 Possible answers down to: familiarity, who you know 1 Don’t let it get the better of you, I’m sure you’ll be fine. face up to: the consequences/the problem/the fact Make some notes so you don’t forget what to say, and end up: in a situation/place don’t forget to practise your presentation! come back to: earth/reality 2 Don’t worry, just do your best. You’ve studied really hard, switch up: a gear so I’m sure you will be fine. And if all else fails, have a guess! What have you got to lose? USE OF ENGLISH 1 3 Definitely! You’ve got all the qualifications and experience 1 1 all, has ​2  are, neither ​3  are, is ​4  is ​5  Both they need and they are offering a great package – it’s a 2 1 a little win-win situation. 2 the whole 4 Well, if you’re not making a profit after all this time, then it 3 any might be time to cut your losses. I know you’ve put your all 4 all into it, but you could end up losing even more money. 5 much 5 I think the best way to stay on top of your game is just to 6 most keep working at it. Think about the big picture – that will get 7 none you through. 8 little 7 The advice is for someone going for an interview 3 It inspires them to go out and actually do things.

LISTENING

1 Possible answers 1 to encourage people, to express the aim or belief of a group or institution 2 I think it is inspiring because it encourages people to push themselves to perform better. / Personally, I don’t find it that inspiring. I’d rather it was something about coming together or doing your best. 3 a challenge, being the best ever, recognition, admiration 2 Possible answer how to improve your physical training, how to cope with pressure, how to prepare for competitions 3 Possible answers success, performance, coaching, challenges (students might also guess equipment or tracks, e.g. his trainers.) 4 new technologies; choosing a sport for his body type; better training 5 1 practice (you probably think whether you won or lost was solely down to how much practice you did. Well, I don’t want to disagree with your sports coaches, but you may be surprised to learn that you’d be wrong) 2 boundaries (we never stop trying to push ourselves to extend limitations – what I call my boundaries – and I’m constantly driven by the need to push these) 3 track surface (I’ve been amazed at how the track surface has made such a difference to my performance)

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exam tip another (because it is one reason ‘amongst many’) 4 1 few (= almost none) 2 lot (following the word a) 3 much (uncountable noun) 4 bringing (an -ing form, part of the phrasal verb bring about) 5 of (the dependent preposition following capable) 6 an (the article we use when we first mention something) 7 no (= not any) 8 their (referring back to ‘ordinary people’)

USE OF ENGLISH 2 1 heated debate – an exchange of strong opinions about a controversial subject petty argument – an argument over something unimportant 2 She hates losing an argument. She cites arguments with her brother as an example. She always comes out on top – a fact that irritates him. 3 1 influenced ​2  exaggerated ​3  believed ​4  shy ​5  limited ​ 6 plausible ​7  convinced ​8  disappointed

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 4 1 C (the other verbs do not collocate with points) 2 D (perfectly is the only adverb which collocates with plausible) 3 C (sure collocates with not … entirely but cannot precede by; agreed does not collocate with entirely and cannot precede by; dominated can precede by but does not collocate with entirely) 4 A (right does not collocate with blatantly; probably is an adverb, but the gap requires an adjective to make sense; understandable does not collocate with blatantly) 5 B (the other adverbs do not collocate with important) 6 D integrity = moral standard (the other three nouns make grammatical sense but in the context of the whole sentence, integrity is the best choice) 7 A (the other adverbs do not collocate with enjoyable) 8 C (the other adjectives do not collocate with highly)

SPEAKING 1 Possible answers parents: serious issues – whether to move out, what to study; petty issue – what you wear friends: serious issues – someone sharing a secret, being left out; petty issues – what film to see, why a friend didn’t respond to a message work colleagues: serious issues – bullying, performance issues; petty issues – uniform not right, being late teachers: serious issues – cheating, missing lessons; petty issues – being late, bad handwriting 2 This is not a good answer because the candidate is describing the pictures, not comparing them. 3 Don’t describe the pictures, but try to give a balanced long turn, comparing and contrasting the pictures. Talk about things that are similar and things that are different before you answer the question. 4 in both pictures However, … different in each in the first one … whereas in the second … unlike in the first picture … 5 Possible answers 1 A major difference between these two pictures is that the mother and daughter look quite sad whereas the players look angry and indignant. 2 Both pictures show people communicating with each other. 3 The mother and daughter are in a family location, whereas the players and referee are at a match. 4 Both pictures show people disagreeing. However, the mother and daughter seem to be reflecting on what to say next, whereas the players are arguing with the referee. 5 The situations are similar in that the people are all probably feeling quite tense. 6 The pictures differ quite dramatically in that the footballers have the referee to arbitrate the situation, whereas the mother and daughter look like they will have to sort it out on their own. 6 Possible answer (page 170) I’d like to talk about the bottom two pictures. The situations are similar in that in both pictures people are having an argument. However, the father and son look like they are at home, whereas the traffic warden and woman are out in public. Both men look like they are trying to get a point across but the domestic situation looks more heated with the dad’s finger pointing and scowl. I don’t think it’s possible to work out what they are fighting about, whereas it’s blatantly obvious that the other argument is a disagreement over the parking meter. Perhaps the woman hasn’t put in enough money or has stayed too long.

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A major difference between the two pictures is that the father and son seem to be having a two-way argument, unlike, I think in the parking picture, where it looks more like the warden is giving a lecture and the woman is desperately trying to think of a way out of the situation without being overly confrontational. Then again, maybe the boy feels like he is getting a lecture too!

WRITING 1 Possible answers 1 being competitive, recognition, a sense of satisfaction, monetary gain 2 Suggested answers style: formal, semi-formal purpose: to convince, explain or inform, persuade organisation: an introduction, two or three paragraphs each with their own argument, and a conclusion 3 1 your teacher 2 discuss two of the benefits listed in the box, and choose the one you think is most helpful. Include reasons. 3 You can use the opinions but you don’t have to. The discussion is given to help give you ideas. 4 If you use phrases from the box, you miss out on the opportunity to show the examiner your own language skills. 4 Possible answers • It’s good for children to get physical exercise and be outdoors. • It gives children the chance to try a wider range of activities. • It’s a good event to involve the wider community. • It fosters values like cooperation and participation. • It’s fun. 5 1 general fitness; doing something together 2 with reasons and an example 3 to explain which benefit is best and to conclude the essay 4 fitness: physical activity; physical exercise do something together: feel part of a team; joining in together do not play enough sport: doing less sport, giving up sports do something together: being part of a team, work together, joining in together are important: more, not less, essential 6 There has been a lot of discussion recently about whether or not school sports days are fair to all students and some schools have changed the way they run sports days as a result. Some have even abandoned them altogether. School sports days are, in fact, becoming more, not less essential. There have been many surveys showing that children at school are doing less sport and more academic work, and that they are giving up sports at an earlier age. For example, quite a few children do no physical activity at all due to the prevalence of technology. School sports days are a way of ensuring that everyone gets some physical exercise. Several people are worried that everything has now become seriously competitive at school and that children should be able to enjoy sports without the competition. However, school sports days can actually help children to feel part of a team and encourage them to work together. For those who dislike sports, the day could include some fun races, like a sack race, which do not require physical ability, but still involve some exercise and the joy of joining in together. In my view, the issue of promoting physical exercise is the single most important thing, not only for health but also because it teaches children that exercise or sports are a natural part of life and something they should continue doing. Overall, although there are a few concerns, I would say that school sports days are a crucial part of a child’s education and that it is good for children to prepare for and take part in these events.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 7 1 your teacher 2 two of the benefits from the list and say which is more important 3 as you wish, but it must be in your own words 4 to show you are not copying 9 Model answer Many people today think that competitions are harmful for young people because of the associated pressure. For this reason, fewer and fewer schools are holding competitions for young people to participate in. However, competitions can be beneficial for many reasons such as the development of realworld skills and team spirit. In some ways, a competition helps prepare young people for their lives after leaving school. Taking part can enhance a person’s ability to make decisions under pressure, analyse a problem and find solutions. It could be said that success as an adult depends on one’s ability to compete, for example, in a job interview or for a partner. Another key benefit of competitions is that they can potentially give young people the chance to work together as a group. By holding competitions which require children or adolescents to cooperate in teams, it helps build community. According to many of my peers, playing in a sports tournament has helped them to make lasting friendships and has fostered a sense of belonging. On the whole, it seems to me that these key benefits far outweigh the possible drawbacks of competitions. Learning to compete and collaborate are essential skills for the future of the next generation. These are generally learned more effectively through practical activities like competitions than they could ever be in a traditional classroom.

SWITCH ON 1 Possible answers hard work, determination, courage, good luck, good education, charm, strong values, family support 2 The male bowerbird shows great determination, he demonstrates hard work and courage. However, he does not experience good luck because the female bird is distracted by the appearance of another male bird at the crucial moment in the courting dance. 3 1 The male bowerbird makes a bower, offers gifts of blue trinkets, makes his pupils dilate and contract, gives a strange deep call, does an exotic dance. 2 It is not stated in the clip because it is not known exactly why, but we can assume that it is because there is strong competition from other male bowerbirds. Perhaps there are fewer females than males. 3 There is no right or wrong answer to this question – it is a matter of opinion. It could be said that the original male bowerbird was the loser because he lost the attention of the female. However, the female also lost out because she did not find a mate. The male bird who distracted the attention of the female was only the winner if he subsequently attracted her with his bower building skills, gifts and dance. Alternatively, you could argue that, although the male bowerbird did not have good luck in this instance, his hard work and determination would surely make him the winner in the end!

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UNIT CHECK Practice 1 Students’ own answers. 2 1 burning ambition 2 wildly exaggerated 3 bitterly disappointed 4 rise to the occasion 5 petty argument 6 hold a grudge 3 Students’ own answers.

Review 1 1 to repeat 2 pushing 3 training 4 to take 5 eating 6 to have 2 1 being, answering, being 2 to inform, contacting 3 to bring 4 training, to improve 5 beating, to bring 6 to shake 7 doing, to practise, to warm up, bend 8 resetting, making, to get 3 1 What are you hoping to do with all the prize money? 2 I’ve been playing chess for quite some time now. 3 Have you seen any of the questions yet? 4 They’ve got quite a few more players than us. 5 Neither of my other games was as bad as this. 6 We had a little more of the food to give us energy. 4 1 each 2 less 3 the whole 4 enough 5 fewer 6 a few 7 a lot of 8 none 5 1 the 2 one 3 fewer 4 into 5 this 6 to/that/which 7 rather 8 be 6 Possible answers Calling all people with strong views! We are having a debating competition on Friday at 6pm and we are looking for people with strong opinions to take part. The debate is about whether we should ban school sports teams. If you take part, it will be good fun, but also it is a good way of boosting your school record. You could take part in order to improve your public speaking and your arguing skills, which are very important for college and work. Also the head teacher has said she will give students time off to prepare for the debate.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

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GRAMMAR FILE 1 1 to spend 2 doing 3 to arrive 4 to give 5 being 6 to realise 2 1 A not to laugh B restarting 2 A buying B to send 3 A checking B to check 4 A to say B telling 3 1 feeling 2 to have disappeared 3 managing 4 to be tempted 5 sleeping, sleeping 6 to travel 4 1 only to discover another two 2 try taking supplements to get 3 not to let himself be discouraged 4 appears to have moved 5 regret not booking the tickets 6 went on to give 5 1 problems 2 unemployment 3 proposals 4 while 5 cash 6 1 few 2 a/the 3 from 4 a 5 little 6 more 7 them 8 many

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

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UNIT 3 CHOICES AND CHANGES READING

GRAMMAR

1 Possible answers unemployment, housing, inequality, racism, access to good education, antisocial behaviour like vandalism or littering, health, poverty, homelessness 3 It means that homeless people want and need a change that would really help them to find a home or change their lifestyle as well as ‘change’ as in ‘spare coins’ to buy food. It’s clever because the word ‘change’ has two meanings. 4 The distraction is that sleeping rough is mentioned in the text and options A, B, D use those words. Seeing the same words as the text does not mean that the answer is correct. The correct answer is C (it refers to the insecurity that passers-by feel). 5 1 C (the insecurity that passers-by feel results in) 2 C (but nothing seems to be able to stem the flow) 3 A (Charities and local authorities do their best) 4 B (the life skills that those of us with support from family, friends and work have never thought about) 5 C (more likely to pick up a takeaway coffee on the way to their destination than buy a magazine once a fortnight) 6 D (believing that it will make a lasting difference to many lives … For them, the change is there to stay) 6 1 detritus 2 holding operation 3 multitude 4 ground-breaking 5 endeavouring 6 stem the flow 7 analogy 8 alleys 7 Possible answers 1 The problems caused by homelessness, particularly in big cities, include littering, dangers to health, and discomfort and anxiety to passers-by. 2 Work done by various charities and agencies doesn’t seem to be able to stop people (e.g. ex-military and teenage runaways) from becoming homeless. 3 The type of help currently on offer is insufficient, ineffective and needs to be changed. 4 Homelessness can easily make people stop believing in themselves, and can stop them being able to resolve their situation. 5 More recent initiatives try to give the homeless work to earn money, a major success being that of selling a magazine called The Big Issue. 6 A new venture involves training homeless people to man coffee stalls and this is proving very successful. 7 People are attracted by the good quality of the coffee and are keen to help people like Liam, one of the baristas, change their lives for the better. 8 As well as giving them an income, the project helps homeless people learn both life and work skills that will help them move forward.

1 1 E ​2  C ​3  B ​4  A ​5  D 2 1 The sentences have a different meaning. A means ‘Your teacher is worried and I am too.’ B means ‘I am your teacher and I am worried.’ 2 The sentences have the same meaning. Like and such as both introduce examples. 4 1 Because it is a chance to have a good laugh and raise money and also because it was done by celebrities. 2 It was colder than she’d imagined. 3 Because David also took part in the challenge. 5 1 As ​2  like ​3  far ​4  like ​5  like ​6  like ​7  as ​8  alike ​ 9 colder ​10  funnier ​11  by far ​12  most ​13  Like ​14  as 6 1 as ​2  like/as ​3  more ​4  far ​5  alike 7 Possible answers 1 Reasons governments should pay for research and help: governments often have more funds; governments may have a big picture view and be able to channel funds to the causes that support a lot of people; it would save charities a lot of fundraising time if the government funded them. Reasons charities should pay for research and help: governments may ignore certain causes; it gives individuals the choice to donate to charities they care for; people may feel empowered to take action on behalf of a charity, which they might not feel for the government. 2 The phrase means that you should take care of yourself and your own family before you help other people.

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VOCABULARY 1 Possible answers exercise more, read more books, learn to relax, eat more healthily 2 1 transformed ​2  amended ​3  adapt ​4  altered ​5  adjusted ​ 6 modify ​7  revamp ​8  evolving 3 Possible answers transform: the way we get information, the way you look, transform someone’s life amend: a report, a schedule, a summary, an outline, a brief adapt to: a new climate, new working hours, a new environment alter: a timetable, a jacket, your plans modify: your behaviour, equipment, requirements revamp: your office, a room, your wardrobe (clothes) 4 1 doing 2 making 3 making 4 turn 5 doing 6 make 7 do 8 Give 9 Do 10 Pay 11 Give 12 Lend 5 Praising someone when they deserve it./Paying someone a compliment.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

LISTENING 1 Guerrilla gardening is the activity of growing plants or vegetables on any piece of land in a city that you do not own, especially land that is in bad condition because it has not been used for a long time. People do this so that cities will have more green areas and be better places to live. 2 Possible answers • I think it’s a great idea for people to turn waste spaces into gardens, so I’d be very supportive of any local guerrilla gardeners’ projects. • Although I do like the concept of more green spaces, I think it is questionable to do it without proper permission. It would be much better if the local council would fund gardens to be built. • I have mixed views on this idea. On one hand, guerrilla gardens done well could look amazing. On the other hand, the gardens could look a bit messy and unkempt. 4 Suggested answers 1 admits 2 after getting to know Don 3 important, because 4 feel, remove his garden 5 why, act of defiance 6 biggest issue, environmental problems 5 1 a confession 2 But, of course … 3 D (But, of course, it’s often illegal in the sense that the gardens are on city land.) 6 It has been very successful (because now it has been accepted, and people copy it). 7 1 D (But, of course, it’s often illegal in the sense that the gardens are on city land.) 2 D (Don had taken over the land, he was using it to grow vegetables for the whole community and, more importantly, others were starting to do it as well.) 3 B (food supply is awful. It’s all convenience stores and drive through take-away chains and so people there have an awful diet because they actually have no access to decent food.) 4 D (I advised the council to take a different view and fortunately, they did.) 5 A (… the powers that be need to understand that good can come from small acts of disobedience! … People need to know that change can happen through these small acts of resistance that initially look selfish but actually benefit everyone.) 6 D (lack of awareness about self-reliance is a hurdle. If we could just get people to understand that then so many opportunities open up.)

USE OF ENGLISH 1 1 1 The structure is different: in A, worried is followed by an adjective; in B it is followed by an object + an infinitive. The meaning is also different (A = cause someone to feel something; B = require). We know who caused the action in both sentences. 2 The structure is the same. The meaning is different (A = the speaker has no control over what happened; B = the speaker controlled what happened). The ‘doer’ of the action is unknown in both sentences. 3 The structure is different (A: let + infinitive; B: allowed + object + to-infinitive). The meaning is the same. We know who caused the action in both sentences.

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2 1 What kinds of things do you get other people to do for you? Why? 2 How regularly do you have your hair done/cut? 3 How often has your teacher made you stay after school? Why? 4 What kind of things should you/we let teenagers do on their own? 5 Do your parents make you do a lot of housework? 6 Have you ever helped someone to set up a charity project? 3 Suggested answers 1 an invention 2 an artistic change 3 an invention 4 an invention 5 a legal/educational change 6 an educational change 4 1 made the lions scared that (causative verb + adjective) 2 allows me to change (causative verb + to-infinitive) 3 contributed to us/our winning (verb + prep + -ing form) 4 has made it easier for (causative verb + comparative adjective) 5 get the law changed so (causative verb + past participle) 6 as a result of teaching myself (fixed phrase to show result + -ing form)

USE OF ENGLISH 2 2 Speaker A: She spends longer choosing what to watch on TV than watching. Her friends make decisions for her. Speaker B: He has problem choosing between lots of similar items online. He has a problem with multiple-choice questions. 3 1 Indecisive, spontaneous 2 legendary, incapable of making, an excessive amount of time 3 Numerous, that is impractical 4 (Additional suggestions in brackets) 1 voluntary, cautionary, literary (necessary, contemporary, legendary) 2 productive, defensive, instructive (provocative, exclusive, massive, selective, decisive) 3 rational, partial, global (emotional, dismal, total, eternal, fatal, vital, conceptual, fundamental) 4 enviable, deniable, escapable (formidable, capable, noticeable, stable, adjustable) 5 advantageous, humorous, conscious (rigorous, conscientious, suspicious) 6 reversible, flexible, gullible (edible, tangible, accessible) 5 (The underlined words have no negative form.) 1 involuntary, cautionary, literary 2 unproductive, defenceless, uninstructive 3 irrational, impartial, global 4 unenviable, undeniable, inescapable 5 disadvantageous, humourless, conscientious 6 irreversible, inflexible, gullible 6 0 variety (noun after an article; the direct object of considering) 1 numerous (adjective describing the noun factors) 2 effective (adjective describing decisions after how adverb) 3 problematic (adjective following the most to form superlative) 4 anxiety (noun, to match the other nouns in the list: concentration, frustration, etc.) 5 rational (adjective, describing how we think we are) 6 inability (this is the main noun of the noun phrase an inability to see the wood for the trees) 7 unnoticeable (negative because but means that the word must contrast with Physical fatigue is easy to be aware of) 8 irreversible (negative because the decisions will be unreliable)

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

SPEAKING 2 Possible answer The woman choosing from the menu might be considering how hungry she is, what each meal costs, what she feels like eating, any specials or recommendations from others, what might be a healthy option, etc. The man choosing oil might be considering where it was produced, whether it’s organic or which would be best for his purpose, the cost, the packaging, etc. 3 Possible answer A: Let’s start with buying things online or going shopping – what would we need to consider? B: Well, for a start, we’d need to think about convenience. Buying online is great for that, you can do it from the comfort of your sofa … A: I guess it would depend where the shops are and how long you were willing to wait. B: Yeah, sometimes when you order something online, it can take ages to arrive. A: And what about cost? I’ve got some great bargains online at a fraction of the price of the shops. B: That’s all very well, but shouldn’t we also consider supporting local business? Would knowing that you were helping them stay afloat affect your decision? A: That’s a fair point, but to be honest, I’m probably most influenced by price. B: To move on, how about deciding whether to share a flat or live at home? A: The first consideration is probably what your family thinks. Do they want you to stick around or are they ready for you to leave? B: I’d also add that it would depend where ‘home’ is and what your plans are. For instance, if you’re enrolled in a university in another city, you’re obviously not going to stay at home. A: You can save a lot of money by living at home though, and the food is probably much better. B: You’re probably right. What other things would you keep in mind, besides money? A: Well, I’d be thinking about what I actually wanted to do. That said, I suppose I’d need to think about family expectations as well. B: It depends what industry you wanted to get into and whether university was the right pathway for that. My point is that if you wanted to be say, a plumber, why waste time studying when you could get an apprenticeship? A: I think it’s crucial that people factor in costs as well – it’s easy to end up with a huge student loan at the end of your course. B: What we’ve got to remember is that university may actually improve your earning capacity in the long run as well. A: Onto saving money or spending it, I think the most essential thing to consider are your long-term goals and short-term needs. B: And considering the difference between a want and a need! A: Finally, oh, this can be a tough call, celebrating with family or friends. B: What I’d consider first and foremost is what’s being celebrated. The main reason I say this is because, in my family anyway, there are certain celebrations which we always spend together. A: I agree with you. You’d need to consider what you were celebrating, and maybe, if it’s a birthday or something, which option you would enjoy the most!

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4 starting work instead of going to university: It’s harder to change your mind later on; the wrong choice can affect your whole career. sharing a flat instead of living at home: It can cause a rift in the family; there could be problems with your flatmates. 5 The main reason I say … … and that’s because … Well, for a start, if … 6 full stress: 1 and 2 schwa: 3 and 4 7 Possible answer A: I think we could rule out a couple of these straight away – what do you think? B: For sure, the decision about work or university is a major one, as is where you live, because both of those have a huge impact over a period of time. A: Let’s look at the remaining three options. Deciding who to celebrate events with can actually be really important to get right. There’s a chance of offending someone there. B: It seems it’s down to deciding where to buy things or whether to spend or save. What would you say? A: Well, if you think about it, spending when you should be saving could have some major consequences. You could run up a debt or end up making a large purchase that you regret. B: So, what you’re saying is that the decision that matters least here would be whether you buy online or instore? A: That sounds right to me.

WRITING 2 1 the editor – in response to an article 2 readers of the newspaper 3 my views and my reasons 4 formal (because it is a letter to an editor) 3 1 D ​2  C ​3  A ​4  B 5 The writer asks the editor to publish the letter and visit the school. Another suggestion could be to research what young people are involved in. 6 B Although it may be true that … I believe that … I appreciate that … but I think … 7 1 I feel I must write … 2 this is not the case … 3 It is worth pointing out that … 4 I appreciate that … 5 I think you should … 6 if you could come … exam tip 2 is more formal, a more complex structure and is less 8 1 My point of view is different. / I have a different point of view. 2 In my view what you say is incorrect. 3 I insist that you publish my letter. 4 I (strongly) believe you should consider this. 5 I am shocked to discover that this is your point of view.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 11 Model answer Dear Editor, I was deeply disappointed by your article last week, claiming that young people are self-centred and uninvolved in the wider community. In fact, I am quite shocked to discover that this is your point of view. As a young person, I feel strongly that I must respond to these unfair accusations, which in my view are entirely incorrect. Firstly, I would say that the young people I know show their care for others by starting with family and friends. What you don’t see as an outsider is the teenager who cooks and cleans for their family, looks after their younger siblings, and supports their friends through tough times. Secondly, I will point out that many young people in our town do volunteer work at a range of organisations. For example, a number of us volunteer at the soup kitchen every Friday while others are involved with an afterschool programme for disadvantaged children. Spending our own free time on community projects demonstrates our care and contribution to the community. Finally, with regards to the positivity of our decision-making, I would suggest that you are stereotyping. Most of the teenagers at my school take responsibility for their actions and have plans and goals in place for living healthy and productive lives. I strongly believe that you should revisit your point of view on this matter. I hope I have shown that young people in this community are generous and conscientious citizens who help others in numerous ways. I hope I have been able to persuade you to reconsider your views. Yours sincerely, …

SWITCH ON 1 Possible answer 1 Examples may include Nelson Mandela, Frida Kahlo, Mark Zuckerberg, Erin Brockovich, Queen Elizabeth II, Muhammad Ali, Abraham Lincoln, Margaret Thatcher. 2 Possible answer After the press began to cover James and Bob, a literary agent read about him and approached him to write a book, then helped him to get it published. 3 1 He took responsibility for him when he realised that Bob was alone. He spent the last of his money on taking Bob to the vet and paying for his treatment. He nursed Bob for two weeks and gave him his antibiotics until he had recovered. He continued to look after him even after he had recovered. 2 Spending the last of his money is very surprising given that he is a homeless person. James probably had very little to spare. 3 I would have kept him warm and fed him, but I probably wouldn’t have paid for the vet because I wouldn’t have had enough money. 4 Possible answers 1 • Yes, it is possible. As the film’s audience will include younger viewers, some of the more unpleasant aspects of homelessness have been moderated. However, as the majority of people know little to nothing about homelessness, everyone should be able to come away from the film learning something. • No, it’s not likely. If a child of any age is allowed to see this film alone, the reality of James’s situation would need to be sanitised beyond recognition. We expect the film focuses more on Bob than it does on James and his problems, to appeal to younger viewers. • Possibly. We imagine that although the film will only show select aspects of James’s life as a homeless man, they will only really register with people above a certain age. Adults will be able to read between the lines to understand the more difficult aspects of homelessness. Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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2 They should modify the content to avoid showing the darker aspects of homelessness and focus on the positive aspects of human kindness that James experienced after he had befriended Bob. 3 I would focus on the special relationship between James and Bob, and what an amazing character Bob the cat is. 5 Possible answers • Jonnie Peacock, a gold medal-winning Paralympic sprinter. He had part of his right leg amputated after contracting meningitis aged five, but was made aware of sports available to him when he asked what he might be able to do with a prosthetic leg while in hospital. He subsequently broke a world record before winning the Summer Paralympic 100 metres in 2012, and again when he successfully defended his title in 2016. • American philanthropist Maggie Doyne. On her gap year, Maggie met a six year-old girl called Hima, who was struggling to survive on the little money she earned by selling broken stones. Maggie was inspired to found a school, children’s home, women’s centre and health clinic after meeting Maggie, while Maggie now lives in Nepal and works full-time for her initiative, called Kopila Valley. • Oprah Winfrey was born into poverty and had a troubled childhood. Sent away from home aged 14 by her mother, Oprah moved in with her father, Vernon, in Nashville, Tennessee, and under his care thrived in school, winning a university scholarship before landing a job as the first black female news anchor for local channel WLAC-TV. Her career blossomed from there and Oprah is now one of the most influential women in the world.

INDEPENDENT LEARNING Students’ own answers

UNIT CHECK Practice 1 Students’ own answers. 2 1 any of those in first section 2 make a difference/sacrifices/sb’s day 3 do good/an act of kindness/a good turn/sb a favour 4 give sb a hug/praise/a helping hand 5–8 Students’ own answers 9 endeavour 10 repercussion 3 I think that my town should have more bicycle paths so that people can cycle more easily and safely. At the moment, there are only a few paths, and this makes cycling quite dangerous. Numerous streets could be modified to include cycle lanes with only minor adjustments, while other roads would require a complete transformation. Although getting sufficient funding may be problematic, I suggest that if people were properly informed of the multitude of benefits that cycling offers, they would be open to this advantageous investment. 4 Emma, I’m really worried about my brother Matt. He’s suffering badly from fatigue. He’s been trying to hold down a job AND study part time for a degree in the evenings. He really needs to weigh up the pros and cons, continuing to do this, otherwise he’ll fail at both. He can’t take for granted that there won’t be repercussions at work if he continues to take time off. What should I advise him to do?

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1 1 most urgent, the most challenging 2 more frequently, better 3 fastest, not as prepared as 4 the best, more concerned 5 less, unhealthier (more unhealthy) 2 1 C 2 B 3 B 4 C 5 A 6 C 3 1 get it, have it 2 let, wasn’t allowed 3 force, make 4 get, help 4 1 making 2 has 3 to 4 after 5 than 6 a 7 about 8 got/had 5 I was recently involved with a project in our local community that arranges to take hot food to people who are elderly or house-bound. It has been a very successful project. I work twice a week. It involves going to the kitchen to help with the food preparation and then taking the hot food to the assigned addresses. It’s actually good project because the people really appreciate it and a lot of them have good stories to tell you. I think it’s really made them feel much better. They are healthier because they are getting good food every day and they are happier because they have someone to chat to. I have to say I really enjoy it, much more than I thought I would, and I would encourage you all to help.

1 1 the most coherent 2 the most reliable 3 more dismayed 4 the most courageous 5 as fast 6 less carefully, more thoroughly 2 1 The further out you swim, the colder the water gets. 2 I’m getting more and more worried about Janine. 3 This is the more relevant of the two articles / is of less relevance than the first article. 4 There will be less competition for the position than there was last year. 5 The furthest distance I’ve ever run is 25 kilometres. 3 1 like 2 as 3 As 4 like 5 as 4 1 as there had 2 took my comment as a criticism 3 as if she hates 4 looks like an artist 5 trained as a chemist 6 as you know 5 1 made, promise 2 get, to look 3 let, copy 4 enabled, to get 5 require, to consult 6 Have, contact 7 helps, feel 6 1 many 2 in 3 were 4 having 5 their 6 to 7 as 8 more

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UNIT 4 SAME OR DIFFERENT? READING 1 Possible answers 1 A particular group of people within a society and their behaviour, beliefs, activities and style which usually differ from the mainstream societal norms. 2 punk rocker – someone who likes punk music (a type of loud music popular in the 1970s and 1980s) and wears things that are typical of it, such as torn clothes, metal chains, and coloured hair. goth – as sociated with Goth music (slow sad music played on electric guitars and keyboards) and following a fashion for pale skin, dark eye makeup, and black or purple clothes. hippy – someone, especially in the 1960s, who promoted love and peace, opposed violence peacefully and often wore floral prints and lots of beads, had long hair, and took drugs for pleasure hipster – people with urban alternative lifestyles, who often care about environment, shun big brands and mainstream music; they are often associated with having beards, hornrimmed glasses and second-hand clothing. 3 surfer – subculture based around surfing culture including language, lifestyle and fashion such as board shorts and bikinis; very popular in California, Hawaii and Australia. cosplay – adults dressing up as fictional characters, usually from Japanese anime or manga (Japanese comic books). bikers – a motorcycling subculture which includes black leather, bandanas, tattoos, rock music. hip hop – a type of popular culture that began among young African-Americans in big cities, which includes hip hop music, dancing, and graffiti art. teddy boys – a British subculture which rose in the 1950s associated with Edwardian fashions, jazz and rock’n’roll music. skinheads – a young white person who has hair that is cut very short, especially one who behaves violently towards people of other races. skate – skateboarding culture. 4 They want to be different. They want to rebel against society. Society in general may treat them with suspicion, or may feel they are threatening because they have different appearances, habits, opinions, values, etc. 2 Possible answers People in a subculture are trying to be being different and rebel against society. (A, C) Subcultures are dangerous to society. (B) The very things that make subculture adherents unique, often end up becoming popular. (D) 4 1 A (B talks about people with ideas and values, often idealistic/ but an appreciation for something outside of the mainstream. A shares this idea, saying: Back in my grandparents’ day it was the hippies with their love of peace and hatred of violence. They floated around in kaftans and beads, distributing flowers everywhere. Noble thoughts indeed.) 2 C (A talks about subcultures that: think they’re different from everyone else. This article has got that spot on. C disagrees, saying: Why is it that people are always insisting (a conviction so clearly expressed by the writer) that those who follow particular trends and look a bit different from themselves are trying hard to be unique and different? In my opinion, the majority are just following their preferences.)

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3 D (C thinks: Gradually, trends die out and others take their place – a totally natural order of a developing society. D says: And then the cycle will repeat itself as another fringe culture breaks away.) 4 B (Others describe the subcultures as an irritant. B views them as a threat: ‘It’s different, so it must be wrong, it must be dangerous,’ they think.) 5 1 get my head round 2 spot on 3 disdain 4 stance 5 norms 6 do (them) down 7 purport 8 diehards 9 usher in 10 pretentiousness 6 Suggested answers 1 Most people are irritated by subcultures because subcultures want to be different and this upsets the ‘norm’, while some maintain that subcultures, in being different, present a threat and instil fear, however unintentionally. 2 Subcultures have always existed in recent times, including hippies (who advocated peace and love), and attracted people who wanted either to rebel against what was considered society’s norm or simply interested in the accessories of the subculture, i.e. the fashion associated with it. 3 The article referenced in the comments appears to have taken the majority view that subcultures threaten the stability of society and consist of people whose main aim is to be special and rebellious, but in the end, lose their uniqueness as others join.

GRAMMAR 1 1 D ​2  C ​3  A ​4  B 2 1 In sentence A, the present continuous is used to focus on the result of a regular activity, whereas in B, the present simple is used to show things that are true and follow on in a natural order. 2 In sentence A, the present simple is used to refer to the writer’s purpose or content, whereas in B, the continuous form focuses on a present activity in progress. 3 In sentence A, love is a stative verb and indicates something that is always true, whereas in B, the continuous form is used colloquially to focus on the moment. 4 In sentence A, the present continuous is used to say that an activity is in the process of change, whereas in B, the present simple shows that it is a general truth and a natural progression. 5 In sentence A, the present simple is used to describe a dramatic incident, and in B it is used in a headline to attract readers. 3 1 doesn’t start (present simple for scheduled events) 2 compiling (present continuous for an action in progress) 3 getting (present continuous with always to convey negativity, the speaker feels sorry for the homeless man getting moved) 4 I’m thinking (present continuous, used colloquially with a stative verb) 5 ’s been borrowing (present perfect simple for something that started in the past and is still continuing)

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 4 1 has come 2 ’m waiting 3 ’m getting 4 Have I done 5 Am I wearing 6 ’ve been reading up/’ve read up 7 ’ve dressed 8 is always telling 9 says 10 ’m projecting 11 appear 12 has given 13 ’m looking 14 haven’t cleaned

VOCABULARY 2 Suggested answers bootcut jeans, designer top, embroidered waistcoat, faded T-shirt, five-inch heels, flared trousers, loud jumper, pleated skirt, ripped/torn jeans, scruffy jacket, shabby boots, skimpy dress, stylish dress 3 similar: age, love of clothes, think the same, same handwriting different: hair colour, chubby face, Emma looks like Dad, Maddy has Mum’s character 4 1 their father 2 their mother 3 the twins 4 money spent on the writer’s clothes in a year 5 their behaviour 6 the twins’ handwriting 5 1 indistinguishable ​2  spitting image ​3  individuality ​ 4 consistent ​5  equivalent ​6  a carbon copy 6 1 synonymous ​2  world ​3  wavelength ​4  standing ​ 5 rebellious ​6  uproar ​7  take ​8  fit ​9  cry ​10  anonymity 7 Possible answers 1 deliberately goes against rules or norms. 2 enjoys the privacy of nobody knowing his/her name or recognising him/her. 3 likes to be different from everyone else. 4 caused others to be shocked and protest. 5 has a different perspective from other people/looks at things in a different way. 6 has similar opinions and feelings to you. 7 looks very similar.

LISTENING 1 Possible answer I would be my local politician for a day. It would jump at the chance to affect change and make local people’s lives better. I would also like to experience what it’s like to be a politician as I suspect it’s not as always easy to make changes in reality. I’d like to find out what it is that often prevents people in local government from being able to turn their ideas into real policies once they get elected. 2 listening for: reasons, beliefs and attitudes words in the questions: 1 why, think, hoped 3 Yes. 4 1 C (I suspect she wanted to see if an author’s gender meant it sold more copies.) 2 A (… people respect her for wanting to receive honest criticism. And she’s really tried to do something different – I think the story’s quite unusual … Good for her – she could’ve just written more of the same and been sure of her income!)

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5 3 (a reason) B (What he suggested was that being somebody else for twenty-eight days would allow him insights into the debate over whether nature or nurture causes a person to be how they are. In fact, it went further than that because Farid hoped to see whether he would start thinking like the other person …) 4 (a feeling) A (I wasn’t convinced it would be useful.) 5 (a problem) C (By the time I’ve caught up with what friends are doing online and watched some television, I don’t have much space left over for my own life.) 6 (a purpose) A (But don’t you think it’s the same with books … I mean, you can lose yourself in a good story and escape from real life – that’s been true for centuries – people love stories.) 6 1 A ​2  D ​3  C ​4  B ​5  E 7 1 I love learning about other people’s lifestyles, I suppose it’s so I can take on bits and pieces of advice to improve my own way of doing things. An example of something I’m really fascinated by is Tim Ferriss’s four-hour work week. Basically, he has set up a number of small businesses which run themselves with only four hours of input from him so he can travel the world and do what he likes. What a lifestyle! I’d describe myself as vaguely interested, more about the lifestyles of my family and friend’s than celebrities. I couldn’t care less about what brand of protein shake or toothbrush some actor uses, for example. Celebrities often seem to have crazy and expensive lifestyles that I can’t really relate to. 2 That’s a tough question. On one hand, I value and appreciate having friends who are on the exact same wavelength. I find that when I know friends share my point of view, and sense of humour, I can relax more easily and just be myself. On the other hand, I definitely enjoy meeting people who have a different way at looking at things. It’s interesting to hear different perspectives and ideas.

USE OF ENGLISH 1 1 1 ones (A) 2 doing so (C, D) 3 any (B) 4 not (E) 5 did too (C) 6 so (D) 2 The Johari window is a technique to help people better understand their relationship with themselves and others. You are given a list of several adjectives out of which you need to pick the adjectives some that describe your personality. Your friends then get the same list, and each friend picks adjectives that describe you. These adjectives go into Window 1. Adjectives selected only by you but not any of your friends others/anyone else go into Window 2 – and you can choose whether to tell your friends about this. If you don’t tell them not, then the adjectives remain hidden. Adjectives that are not selected by you but only selected by friends go into Window 3. Adjectives that were on the original list but not selected by either your friends or you go into Window 4. 3 She was motivated by not being sure of who she was. 4 1 is (to match the present tense have earlier in the sentence; inversion after the wh-clause what their identity is) 2 not (the second part of the sentence tells us that the child may feel like they don’t fit in, indicating it isn’t straightforward) 3 with (the phrasal verb grow up takes the preposition with before people) 4 as (as a/an is a phrase used when someone is in a particular age group, e.g. As a(n) child/adult, he loved painting.)

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A: No, on the contrary, what I meant was that there may be some prejudice towards her that she would have had to have coped with. For example, people might have thought she wasn’t as capable as an older person. And there are still relatively few female business leaders compared to male, so I guess I’m saying she might have to come up against some prejudice. B: Could I just add something here? I think young female executives might also be deliberately discriminated against during their career in case they have children. Outdated thinking! A: Speaking of children, what would be the challenges be for a ten-year-old musical genius? USE OF ENGLISH 2 B: I think it would be hard to fit in with peers of your own age, because you have this special talent that other children don’t 1 Possible answers understand or might be jealous of. Thor, Wonder Woman, Captain America, Spiderman, A: You’d have to get over that, and be prepared to stand out Black Widow, Black Panther and be different. You’d have to learn to cope with a lot of Thor, for example, is tall, blond, strong and brave – like a pressure, too. The pressure of living up to people’s hopes for stereotypically ‘ideal man’. All are courageous with a special your future. gift or power and save the world. B: And this last one, have you thought about the challenges of 2 1 going ​2  live ​3  standing, coming ​4  get ​5  get ​6  going ​ a footballer before? One from a deprived neighbourhood? 7 going ​8  catch ​9  comes A: I haven’t thought about that before. I’m not really sure 3 1 come up against ​2  get away with ​3  going on about ​ but maybe she or he will have had to overcome material 4 live up to ​5  get out of disadvantage in order to become successful. 4 1 B (part of the set phrase in turn ) 3 Possible answer 2 C (look up to = admire and respect) A: There is no one answer to that. However, I think it would 3 B (enhanced = made better) depend on the person’s personality more than anything. 4 D (logical progression is a collocation) B: And how about your support network? If you’re facing 5 A (stand up for = support) obstacles but have a good support network could make all 6 B (amongst others = there are more) the difference to whether you stand strong or give up. 7 A (stay away from = avoid) A: I would agree with that. I’ve heard that you can learn some 8 D (talk down to = patronise) resilience strategies to help deal with the ups and downs of life. SPEAKING B: Yes, although some people definitely seem to be born with 2 Possible answer an extra dose of positivity and determination which helps A: So, we’re looking at challenges, what’s your thinking on get them through. the kinds of challenge a comedian in a wheelchair might 4 1 Students’ own answers. have faced? 2 C (We know this because the first candidate says, That’s a B: I’d say the hardest thing for any comedian is dealing with really good question in answer to the Examiner’s question. a tough audience who just won’t laugh. Wheelchair or no Then when the first candidate has made a point, the second wheelchair! candidate interrupts and says, Yes, if I can come in here …) A: You’re probably right! I guess he or she would have to think about whether the venues they were performing in were WRITING accessible, the sort of thing that some people might take 1 Suggested definition of multiculturalism: the belief that it is for granted. important and good to include people or ideas from many A: Do you mean stairs and toilets and things like that? different countries, races, or religions. B: Exactly. I mean, imagine you’re at a comedy club with an open 3 1 Use a formal or semi-formal style; include all points in the mic night, and you want to get up to perform but there are task; include a clear argument with reasons and examples; only stairs up to the stage, it doesn’t make things easy, does it? organise the writing into paragraphs; include an introduction A: And add to that limits that other people might impose as and conclusion; consider the audience; use linking expressions well. People might mistakenly think, ‘Oh she’s in a wheelchair, to connect ideas. she can’t be the performer’, and they would be guilty of 2 A discussion of two ways of learning about other cultures, stereotyping, of course. plus select the most important way and give reasons. B: I guess a Paralympic gold medallist might have overcome some 5 Paragraph 1 – (purpose) introduce the topic as in the task similar challenges relating to accessibility and stereotyping. but in own words; (focus) why learning about other cultures A: I’d agree with that. I’d also add here that I’ve heard that it’s a is important challenge for Paralympians to get sponsorship and funding … Paragraph 2 – (purpose) to describe one way of learning of B: To jump in here, I think that’s related to the fact that they learning about other cultures with opinion and examples; (focus) don’t always get as much media coverage as other Olympians studying languages at school despite being incredible athletes. A: Now to move on to the young female chief executive, I think Paragraph 3 – (purpose) to describe another way of learning she might have had to deal with issues relating to her youth about other cultures with opinion and examples; (focus) and her gender. listening to speakers from a range of communities B: Are you saying that being a young woman doesn’t make you a good business leader? 5 her (her refers to the famous actress who has been referred to as She earlier in the sentence) 6 in (the phrasal verb grow up takes the preposition in when talking about a place) 7 so (the writer is substituting the expression take up acting) 8 having (part of having to = it being necessary to; the -ing form is needed after the preposition of) 5 Possible answers 2 Ideas include listening, reading or watching content written by diverse people, personality tests (e.g. the Myers Briggs test), asking people about themselves.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY Paragraph 4 – (purpose) share your opinion (with reasons) on the best way to learn about other cultures out of the two ways given above; (focus) ensure students are prepared for the future Paragraph 5 – (purpose) summarise your opinion in a different way; (focus) learning at school allows a wide exploration from a young age 6 Suggested answers 1 I believe that the most successful method is … 2 It is crucial to think about … 3 People vary in their points of view … 4 In my opinion the most effective way … 5 In conclusion; Overall … 7 Possible answers communities: groups, people, society different: diverse, unalike, distinctive, separate global: worldwide, international, universal lifestyle: way of life, everyday life, routine understanding: tolerance, appreciation, knowledge, awareness exam tip The curriculum should have a section that allows students to study other cultures because I think what they study has a lot of influence on students. → It would be a good idea if part of the curriculum gave students the opportunity to learn about other cultures as study has a greater impact on students. If young people can go and visit other communities, they can actually talk to people in those communities whether this is another culture or simply another way of life. → Students would have the option of speaking to people from other communities if they were allowed to visit those groups that had different cultures or who lived in a different way. A speaker is often a good representative of a community and can answer questions easily. → People who speak for their communities usually represent them well and are also able to respond to questions more readily. 9 Model answer Like many people today, I consider myself lucky to have the opportunity to live in a multicultural society which is a melting pot of people with diverse cultural practices. Sadly, some people do not share my enthusiasm, and consequently many people experience prejudice due to xenophobia. Learning about other cultures is an effective way to combat this problem. One benefit of learning about other cultures is that it shows people that there are a range of valid ways to do things rather than only one right way. For example, cultural practices may vary when it comes to food, manners and clothing. By learning about different ways of doing things, people’s lives are enriched and perspectives broadened. Another benefit is that mutual learning tends to lead to greater tolerance of differences. People tend to be wary of the unknown. Yet, after learning about other cultures, they can come to appreciate and even celebrate differences. In my view, the most important benefit is greater acceptance between groups of people. This is because having empathy and tolerance for people different to ourselves is vital for a peaceful society. Overall, I think that the more people are exposed to other cultures, the more accepting they are likely to be. This means learning about other cultures is extremely worthwhile, both for the individual and the community as a whole.

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SWITCH ON 1 Possible answers 1 • forbidden love e.g. aspects of Romeo and Juliet have been reused across literature, film, television since its creation. • conflict and conflict resolution appear in all stories about war or crime e.g. police TV series • tribal rivalry e.g. Westerns, Game of Thrones • politics and power: e.g. a powerful figure’s fall from a great height due to personal flaws (power corrupts) e.g. Othello, House of Cards 2 These storylines crop up repeatedly because they illustrate underlying psychological truths about the human condition, and so can help to provide answers to viewers’ own particular questions or issues. 3 All humans have similar experiences, whatever their background or cultural identity. 2 Bollywood. Both Nollywood and Bollywood produce more films per year than Hollywood. 3 1 He feels that some are too comfortable making low quality films because they see film as a means of making money. Contrastingly, Kunle lives for filmmaking. 2 C He grew up in London, but is able to travel often to Nigeria so he can bridge cultural differences easily. 4 Possible answer 1 British cinema is diverse, and is getting better at representing a greater variety of citizens and stories on screen, in different styles. Comedies still tend to exaggerate situations, which can distort reality, but they can be effective at penetrating the heart of the British mind-set: a dry sense of humour, valuing family above all else, and not taking themselves too seriously. 2 Students’ own answers.

UNIT CHECK Practice 1 Possible answers 1 jeans: bootcut, embroidered, faded, flared, ripped, scurffy, stylish. Among young people in my area, I think ripped jeans are the most common at the moment and the least common are flared. 2 carbon copy of, compatible with, consistent with, equivalent to, identical to, indistinguishable from, on the same wavelength as, spitting image of, synonymous Most people in our class chose on the same wavelength, because it is an interesting idiom to describe when you really look at things in the same way as someone else. Only one person listed synonymous, perhaps because it is a more formal word. 3 a far cry from, a world of difference between, on a different wavelength 2 Students’ own answers. 3 1 stand 2 get 3 came 4 get 5 going 6 read 4 Possible answer A: It’s a black accessory that some British people wore on their head as fashion a number of years ago. It came to symbolise the stereotypical Englishman. B: Is it a bowler hat?

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1 1 because he’s always disagreeing with her/because he sees life differently 2 because they think differently/Because it’s not worth talking about the problem 3 He plays loud music while he’s studying 4 to sit down and talk/to split study times 2 (The continuous verbs are in bold.) A: My brother is driving me mad. He’s always disagreeing with me. We see life so differently. B: Well, why do you bother talking about it? I mean if you know you think differently then it’s not worth discussing, is it? A: Yeah, but as we are both living at home, it’s annoying that he’s got a completely different timetable to me. He plays loud music while he’s studying – and he doesn’t think about anybody else in the house. B: Don’t you parents mind? A: Oh, they think we need to sort it out for ourselves. B: Hmm … it sounds as if you do need to sit down and have a proper talk – you don’t have to agree – just split times when you study, for example? A: OK, well, will you come and talk to him with me? 3 1 F ​2  A ​3  E ​4  C ​5  B ​6  D 4 1 is/’s ​2  has/’s been ​3  is/’s making ​4  has/’s been drawing ​ 5 has/’s become ​6  goes ​7  emerges ​8  talks 5 1 Everyone likes to copy celebrities even when it looks silly to copy them.do so 2 I read the article and then I gave it to her and I haven’t seen it since. 3 They wanted us to arrange tickets for them but we didn’t have tickets. any 4 A: Did you speak to the new girl? B: I didn’t have time to speak to her. 5 I’m interested in African cultures and he is interested in African cultures. too 6 A: Have you got her number? B: I think I have. so 6 1 from ​2  our ​3  the ​4  in ​5  is ​6  of/about ​7  to ​ 8 how/that 7 Possible answer A story that everybody is familiar with in England is the story of Robin Hood. He supposedly lived in the 15th century and, in the story, Robin lives with his band of merry men in the woods in the middle of England and spend his time robbing rich travellers and then giving money to the poor. He was actually a criminal and the Sheriff was always trying to catch him. The story came about at a time when many English people were having a bad time because of the king and so the ordinary people considered him to be a good person. They wanted to believe there was someone looking after them and working for the good of everyone. There have been many films and TV series based on the story and I think most people believe that he was a real person.

1 1 been thinking 2 is always asking, never listens 3 always asks, respect 4 I’m considering, ruled 5 I consider 6 changed 2 Conversation 1: 1 hear 2 bangs 3 doesn’t even try / is not even trying 4 falls 5 knocks 6 is shouting 7 has been grounded 8 has been looking Conversation 2: 1 are you doing 2 has been 3 has been delayed 4 isn’t starting 5 are always delaying 6 have arranged 7 am having 8 comes Conversation 3: 1 have seen 2 have lost 3 is sitting 4 hasn’t seen 5 comes up 6 talk 7 realise 8 have been living 3 1 have been collecting poetry books since 2 is always leaving the front door 3 am talking about the importance of 4 (have) cut down on eating 5 I’ve been checking/I was checking (through) 6 has not (hasn’t) been to school since/ last went to school 4 1 is 2 to 3 have 4 later 5 for 6 has 7 Were 8 not

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UNIT 5 ALL OR NOTHING READING 1 Possible answers 1 • I’m a sucker when it comes to advertising, and I know it. I’m quite easily persuaded, especially when it comes to online advertising. The advertisers seem to know exactly what I’m looking for and put it right in front of me. Who am I to resist? For example, recently … • I’m quite critical of advertisements and that helps me not to be taken in. For example, am I really going to be popular, rich and good-looking just because I wear a new fragrance? However, recently, I did buy … 2 My favourite advert at the moment would probably be the one for … . I say this because … One ad I really like is … because … It’s hard to top the advert for … as … 2 Possible answer By 2030, I think most advertising will be done online and print advertising will be a thing of the past. I’d say adverts are going to get more and more responsive to the individual. We might walk by the same billboard and it will show one advert to me, and a different one to you. By then, heaps of people will have access to virtual reality headsets so we will be able to view online purchases much more closely before buying. Imagine walking around a hotel before you booked, or getting to walk around a university campus abroad before you enrolled – that’s the future! 3 C The highlighted phrases in paragraph iii all relate to the idea of personalisation, first generally (that means personalisation; all about us) and then with the specific example of personalised customer service operatives, based on what each individual finds attractive or not. Paragraph C gives other examples of personalised products: As well as this, you’ll be able to buy a robot friend … use a small chip to measure how many times a day you blink, to assess your eye health and find the perfect mascara. Driverless public transport will interact with us individually.) The linking phrase As well as this, at the beginning of paragraph C, provides a clue that this paragraph likely fits after a paragraph where another example of a personalised product has been given. 4 1 B (At the end of paragraph i, it says … the defining point of the whole film was when the proud creator of Hawking’s world-famous voice synthesiser turned it on and announced, ‘Welcome to the future.’ This moment is referred to in B as the single moment summed up so wonderfully the extent to which technology can change lives for the better …) 2 G (Paragraph ii ends with a question: how is this going to happen? i.e. how is every single advertising message going to be relevant to the receiver? Paragraph G responds directly to this: To put it briefly, over the next ten years, advertising will move from communicating to predicting, and emoting …) 3 C (See exam tip answer key above) 4 E (Paragraph iv ends with the question how will brands actually use it [VR]? This question is referred to at the beginning of paragraph E That is where the imagination must take a leap because in reality, even the experts don’t know. Paragraph E goes on to speculate on how the question from paragraph iv might be answered: A logical progression would be … and to give a current example of VR use In fact, there is actually a VR advert now …)

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5 A (The first sentence in paragraph vi says Wearable and connected devices will be providing the data to enable this targeting to become more detailed, referring to Screens and posters will display different images based on the information on your mobile in paragraph A.) 6 D (Paragraph vi ends with We’ll enter a store to hear our own playlist playing and be immediately directed to … This links to the similar example in paragraph D, Tom Cruise walks past a number of digital ads that address him by name as he passes.) 5 1 defining 2 initial 3 buying into 4 emoting 5 spouses 6 generated 7 bulk 8 prospective 6 Suggested answers 1 Stephen Hawking is the subject of the film The Theory of Everything; he is a very clever man who suffers from Motor Neurone Disease and uses a voice synthesiser. 2 Future advertising will target everyone personally, using detailed information about us gleaned from various sources. 3 Virtual reality will develop to make advertising more immediate, real and exciting. 7 A necessary evil is something bad or unpleasant that you have to accept in order to achieve what you want. Someone who describes advertising as a necessary evil thinks that advertising is annoying, but we have to have it for companies to get their products or service noticed or so we are aware of what is available.

GRAMMAR 1 A will move B is going to happen D will have developed E will have been mining G will be demonstrating 2 1 B 2 D 3 E 4 A 5 C (or F) 6 F (or C) 7 G 3 1 A: a pair of trainers for partner, jewellery for mother, voucher for brother B: a house 2 A: keys on a chain B: her nan’s rings 3 A: everything else – chucked / hidden / abandoned / hoarded B: donated to charity / passed on to friends 4 A: Apple products, new phone, production equipment, new clothes B: stuff for house, white goods, food 4 1 Speaker 1: I think the next big thing I’m probably going to buy is maybe my partner a pair of trainers, some jewellery for my mother and I’ll give my bro3ther a voucher. Speaker 2: I’m hoping my next big purchase is probably going to be a house because I’ve just turned twenty-three. Turning twenty-four next year and I was just thinking that if I don’t get on the property ladder soon, I’m probably never going to make it. 1

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 2 Speaker 1: Of all of my possessions, I have a pair of keys on a chain that my partner gave to me, and they’re supposed to be the keys to our future house, so hopefully, I’ll still have that in the future. If not, then I’ll probably just chuck them away and I probably won’t have the house … if we broke up … No, I’m joking! Speaker 2: In ten years’ time, I’ll probably still have my nan’s rings which she left me, one of which I’m wearing now. The other one, I leave at home ’cos I don’t want to lose it. Hopefully, I’ll still have those in ten years. 3 Speaker 1: With everything else I have, I will probably have either chucked it, hidden it under the bed, abandoned it completely in some sort of alleyway or just bin … or hoard everything, possibly. Speaker 2: I’ll probably donate. Whatever I don’t use, I usually donate to charity anyway or they get passed on to friends who don’t have as much luck as I have financially. 4 Speaker 1: In five years’ time, I will have spent money on some more Apple products, probably – probably a new phone again at some point. Hopefully, some production equipment for my personal stuff. Clothes, hopefully. Hopefully, I’ll buy some new clothes at some point. Speaker 2: I think in five years’ time I will have probably bought, like, stuff for my house, so the white goods – fridge freezer, cooker, washing machine, that kind of thing, really – the expensive stuff. But other than that it’ll be, like, I mean most people spend their money on food these days, don’t they, really? Like, if you think about how much money you’ve spent on food in the last week, you could say it all adds up. So that’s where most of my money goes. 5 1 am moving 2 will have been sleeping 3 will fit 4 am going to have to 5 will be using 6 is going to be 7 will be 8 am going to give 9 will have thrown out 10 will just have

VOCABULARY 1 1 acquired (to obtain something by buying it or being given it) 2 consume (to eat or drink something; to use time, energy, goods, etc.) 3 accumulated (to gradually get more and more money, possessions, knowledge, etc. over a period of time) 4 collect (to get and keep objects of the same type, because you think they are attractive or interesting) 5 hoard (to collect and save large amounts of food, money, etc, especially when it is not necessary to do so) Possible sentences 1 In 2018, her business was acquired by a larger company. 2 Food may not be consumed on the premises. 3 I just don’t know how we’ve managed to accumulate so much clutter! 4 I used to collect teddy bears but now I collect merchandise from concerts I’ve been to. 5 I hoard clothes, I don’t like to give any away even when they’re worn out. 3 1 soft (a soft touch is someone from whom you can easily get what you want, because they are kind or easy to deceive 2 easy (someone who can easily be deceived or harmed) 3 knock down (If a price is a knock down, it is heavily discounted) 4 hard (a hard sell is a way of selling something in which there is a lot of pressure on you to buy. It can also be something that is difficult to sell or make popular.) Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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5 insatiable (an insatiable desire is an extremely strong wish for something that cannot be satisfied in another way) 6 sentimental (if something has sentimental value, it has a high worth is based on or relating to your feelings. This may differ from an item’s monetary value.) 4 1 up 2 with 3 onto 4 up 5 without 5 Suggested answers 1 make us react in the way they want 2 spend money 3 only spend what I need 6 1 accumulated 2 cluttered 3 hoarded 4 chuck 5 sentimental 6 insatiable 7 keep 8 splashing 9 up 10 pass 11 with 12 dumping

LISTENING 1 Possible answers auction: where items are sold to the person who offers the most money for them, e.g. land, buildings, paintings, antiques, second-hand items bargain: to try and get a lower price, e.g. at a market, or buying second-hand goods barter: to exchange goods, work, or services for other goods or services rather than for money haggle: to argue when you are trying to agree about the price of something, e.g. at a market trade: when you exchange something you have for something that someone else has 2 1 clothing and jewellery online 2 redesigned/upcycled second-hand products such as cars and electric goods 3 previously owned trainers online 4 runs a swap shop online where customers arrange swaps of items such as games 5 uploads haul videos and retailers give her clothes for free in exchange for advertising 3 Task 1 A recommendation B financial security C rise in popularity D cheap set-up E international opportunities F talent G lifestyle H help others Task 2 A reassured, big companies, partner B optimistic, expansion, different products C inspired, opportunity, international D encouraged, ethical business E hopeful, difference F excited, new type of business G surprised, grow quickly H convinced, better than competitors 2

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 4 Task 1 1 H (I decided it would be a great way of supporting my favourite charity) 2 D (to sell something that required very little investment) 3 C (I can flip the trainers swiftly, so I’m not sitting on stock) 4 E (I can profit from the huge worldwide market) 5 G (I could dress in great stuff which I could never have afforded otherwise) Task 2 6 D (meet the needs of customers without compromising future generations) 7 H (so I feel my business is already ahead of the game) 8 B (to use my current structure to trade other collectibles such as handbags, comics and watches) 9 F (experiment with setting up gaming nights so people who use the site can meet each other) 10 A (So much so that now that some major stores want to use me as an advertising outlet) 5 1 F 2 A 3 E 4 C 5 B 6 D

USE OF ENGLISH 1 1 Possible answer Repeating the phrase/copying it out; thinking of a situation where it applies personally and using it in a sentence; sorting the phrases into topics; recording the phrase in vocabulary notebook (real or online). 2 A play a part in B play a bigger part in, play your part in C play a bigger role in 3 1 of 2 with 3 of 4 on 5 about 6 to/towards 4 1 have 2 make 3 taking 4 create 5 impose (have is also correct) 5 A pop-up shop is a temporary shop, normally in a very limited space. Entrepreneurs may set up a pop-up show to test the market for their product, sell seasonal products such as calendars, to supplement an online business, or to take advantage of a special rental rate on a retail space. 6 They were surprisingly successful and have made money from their pop-up shop.

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8 Possible answers 1 I’d like to sell mobile devices, mainly so that I could try the latest gadgets myself! I’m a big sports fan, so what I’d really like to sell would be sports gear. I’d enjoy giving people advice on the best tennis racket or the most appropriate running shoes. If I had a shop, it would sell gourmet chocolates. I reckon there’s always a market for sweet things! 2 We like to have unique items to feel special and different.

USE OF ENGLISH 2 2 Speaker 1: It helps children learn about managing money. Speaker 2: It shouldn’t just be given, but earned, to encourage motivation. 3 1 downturn 2 cutbacks 3 upbringing 4 outset 4 1 setbacks 2 turnover 3 outlay 4 buyout 5 takeover 6 update 7 cover-up 8 crackdown 9 outcry 10 fallout 5 1 breakthroughs (plural noun to follow the quantifier few and plural verb form have; breakthrough is a noun from the phrasal verb break out) 2 unambitious (negative adjective to describe us; it’s negative to match the same view in the explanation in the next clause: it just means we have to work that much harder) 3 inequality (noun following the determiner this and the subject for the verb starts; it’s negative because the blog article has been talking about how the world is unequal) 4 extremely (modifier for the adjective young) 5 disgraceful (adjective as part of the form find something + adjective, where find means to have a particular feeling or opinion; it’s negative because the writer finds the difference in pocket money unacceptable) 6 offspring (noun meaning someone’s children) 7 overhaul (noun meaning to change a system or method in order to improve it) 8 outcry (noun from the phrasal verb cry out, meaning ‘an angry protest by a lot of ordinary people’)

exam tip 1 to (before, because this is a fixed phrase) 2 first (after, because the word last indicates that first needs to go in the gap) 7 1 to (noun + to-infinitive) 2 access (part of the collocation gain access to something) 3 are (present continuous) 4 every (part of the expression every so often) 5 from (part of the collocation make money from something) 6 had (past perfect sequence of tenses) 7 a (part of the collocation have a positive influence) 8 will/may/might/could (future perfect/modal perfect to talk about possibility) Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

SPEAKING

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When it comes to footballers, it is sometimes said that female sports stars are paid less because spectators aren’t as interested, but I think that’s only because females haven’t been broadcast as much, so it’s a bit of a vicious cycle. So, even if the likelihood of this footballer being paid the same as a male is extremely low at this point in time, I do hope we’ll get there in the not too distant future.

1 Possible answers • It’s highly likely that he gets paid more because of the pervasive gender pay gap that seems to be a global problem. • It’s a guess on my part, but I’d say he gets about the same as a female model. • The likelihood of him being paid less is quite low, but maybe I’ll be surprised. WRITING 2 Possible answers 1 Possible answers • I find the writer’s views objectionable because it feels like he/ 1 to evaluate whether a similar event should be run in future; to she is belittling women’s concerns about the gender pay gap make recommendations for future events; to report back to by calling them ‘moans’. interested stakeholders; to know who helped so they can be • I totally agree with the writer, male models deserve equal pay thanked because they are doing the same job. 2 As a fundraiser, the most helpful thing to know is likely to be • I’d tend to agree that men are becoming bigger consumers of the total amount of money raised. beauty products and fashion than they used to be. 3 poor turnout; running out of food/drink/products; someone 4 Compare two of the photos and say whether you think they getting hurt; technical problems; bad weather earn the same amount as their male counterparts, and why you 2 Describe the fair, saying how successful it was and what is think this is. recommended. The organising committee will read the report. 5 1 may 3 1 It’s formal because it is supposed to be objective and is often 2 thinking written for a person in authority. 3 far 2 To help organise the information clearly. 4 well 3 explaining, describing, suggesting 5 right 4 Yes, in the ‘Recommendations’ part only. 6 would exam tip 6 Possible answer 1 The fair = describe the fair; Results = how successful it was; Page 71 Recommendations = what you would recommend Referring to pictures B and C, both concern women who are 2 It’s roughly the same, so that the information is balanced for the working in fields that have been typically dominated by men. reader. In B, the woman is a politician, and it looks like she is giving some 4 1 to say what the report will talk about sort of address, to the European Union maybe? The woman in 2 a general point the other picture has a completely different sort of job – driving 3 the details a lorry. So, although the skillset for the two jobs are completely different, it’s highly likely that both these women work long 5 This report gives information about the charity fair which was hours, and I could be wrong but from their expressions, I’d guess recently held at our school. that both find their jobs satisfying. The fair was very successful raising over £2,500 for the charity. Now, about the pay, I’d say that the politician is paid equally Due to its success, it would definitely be sensible to run this fair to a male in the same position. As far as I can gather, for many again but there are a couple of improvements that could be made. political positions there is a set salary, so gender wouldn’t affect 6 Sentence 1 (It is general, it does not include detail or specific her pay packet, in theory anyway. information.) As for the lorry driver, in all probability she isn’t paid as well as 7 Possible answer a man in the same role. Frustrating as this is, I say it because I Some stalls were more popular than others. do know that the gender gap exists across so many industries, 8 Possible answers and I highly doubt logistics is an exception. There’s a chance this 1 describes, explains driver has a forward-thinking employer who has taken measures 2 demonstrate, indicate, illustrate to address the pay gap. It might also depend where she lives, 3 Like this maybe it’s in a country which has laws and policy to fight 4 think about, bear in mind discrimination and inequality. 5 could, may, might Page 172 6 In summary, To sum up, To conclude So, I’m going to talk about the pictures of the football players 9 Describe the quiz night, explain how successful it was and make and the actor. On the face of it, the jobs don’t have much in recommendations for the next quiz night. common, although I suppose you could say that that they both 11 Model answer need to practise to perform their best. Here, the pictures show Report on the school quiz night the footballer mid-performance whereas the actor must have This report gives information about the quiz night which was received that award for a performance she’s already done. I think recently held at our school. The report explains what took place it’s a foregone conclusion that both these women are at the top at the quiz night, how successful it was and recommendations of their respective fields, I could tell that from the sponsored for future events. jerseys and the trophy. The quiz night Despite excelling at what they do, in all probability, both of these The quiz night was organised to fundraise for our upcoming women are being paid far less than their male counterparts, I exchange trip to our sister school in Wales. Around 100 think I’m right in that. The reason I say this is because I’ve seen a attendees worked in teams to answer general knowledge lot of reports on social media about female actors being paid a questions about a wide range of topics. The evening was hosted fraction of their male co-stars, and getting quite angry about it, by our deputy principal. There were a range of prizes on offer, which isn’t surprising. generously donated by local businesses. Light refreshments were included in the ticket price. Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY Success Overall, it appears the quiz night was a great success as over $2,000 was raised for the trip. In addition, anecdotal feedback indicates that people thoroughly enjoyed the evening. The atmosphere was lively and as well as making money, it provided an opportunity for the school community to socialise. Recommendations Because of its success and popularity, I would highly recommend running a similar quiz night next year, albeit with a few changes. I would suggest involving the students in the preparation and running of the event. For example, they could be involved in decorating the hall or serving supper. Another idea which could make a little bit of extra money on the night would be to have a raffle or charity auction. Finally, there were a few minor sound issues at the beginning of the night which could be avoided with more thorough testing beforehand.

SWITCH ON 2 Jordon searched online for alternative ways home after discovering that his planned train journey from the North East of England to his home in the South East was very expensive. He found he could travel home via Berlin and still save money, and so took the opportunity to have an adventure in one of his bucket-list cities. 3 1 Train from Sheffield to Derby Bus from Derby to East Midlands Airport Flight to Berlin Train from airport to Berlin city centre Train back to Berlin airport Flight to London Stansted Bus home to Hutton in Essex (three trains, two flights and two buses = seven journeys altogether) 2 Possible answers • Yes. The donation only cost £4 so he still would have come in under his initial budget, and his money-saving story would have been intact. If he cared enough about it to find out what he could do, I like to think he did pay. • No. It’s clear that Jordon won’t spend a penny more than he needs to. In the interview, while he said he had done the research, he didn’t confirm he had paid it. I think he did the research because he knew he would be asked the question and wanted to have an answer ready for the media. 4 Possible answers 1 • Agree. Time is far more valuable than money. You may save 10% on your grocery bill by searchingonline or in magazines for deals and coupons, but you’ll never get back the two hours you spent hunting them down. • Neither agree nor disagree. With lots of cost comparison websites, promotional codes online, and signs in store announcing sales, finding ways to buy something for less has become second nature and we likely do it every day without really thinking about it. Jordon’s just an extreme example. • Disagree. Jordon clearly has his priorities right. He is not a victim of the consumer society and he plays it so that he profits in terms of valuable life experiences which I think are much more important than saving a few hours here or there. 2 I think Jordan’s story will certainly make commuters more aware of how they plan their travel. It could be that they save thousands if they plan their journey more effectively. But on the whole, I think people are more preoccupied with how to spend their money than save it these days! Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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INDEPENDENT LEARNING 1 Possible answers Being a good listener will help you improve your speaking skills because you can use and learn phrases and intonation that you hear. Speaking involves producing oral language. Listening involves understanding oral language. Conversation requires both listening and speaking skills. 2 Possible answers 1 global skills: listening for gist, understanding attitude/opinion of the speaker specific skills: listening for details 2 Students’ own answers. 3 Listening to podcasts, watching English TV, taking opportunities to have conversations.

UNIT CHECK Practice 1 Possible answers at the new gym. (workout) I’m exhausted from my I’m applying for a scholarship for the August (intake) My parents always joke that they know where their get their good looks from. (offspring) of Starting a business usually involves an initial funds. (outlay) I had a job interview yesterday but I won’t know the until next week. (outcome) 2 1 faint (chance), insatiable (desire), sentimental (value), soft (touch), downward (spiral) 2 An idiom used to say it is a very suitable time for something to happen, especially when it should have happened sooner. (the time is ripe) An idiom which means to give a warning that something may happen. (give a heads up) An idiom which means learn how to do something or use something. (get the hang of something) An idiom used to say you are in a position where you are more advanced or more successful than your competitors. (ahead of the game) 3 Possible verbs to use: clutter (up), flip (out), flood (with), cover (up), stumble (across).

Review 1 1 It’s going to get worse. 2 She says they will keep on posting them. 3 Companies will start to lose customers. 4 She says she’ll be spending all her time sorting out ads. 5 She isn’t going to pay attention to the ads. 6 Companies will get the message. 2 1 will get, will expect 2 will be helping, we’ve opened up, going to 3 will have used, will expect 4 I’ve sold, I’ll go 5 going to be, have been 6 will the ad be, I’ll have to 3 1 are we going to do 2 will wait 3 was just going to do, will start 4 will be 5 will have done 6 is going to take up/’s taking up

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 4 1 identify the reasons for 2 play a part in 3 investigate attitudes towards 4 provide the information for 5 demonstrate(d) an aptitude for 6 create more opportunities for 5 1 going (intention) 2 on (verb phrase + preposition) 3 nor (double negative) (or is also possible) 4 about (future in the present/past) 5 not (contrast linker) 6 give (fixed phrase) 7 will/can (future/ability) 8 are (present continuous) 6 Model answer A new shop I’ve tried recently is an online store called Hush. It sells clothes and decorations and I like it because it is unusual in that you can buy a range of products, but they all match. It’s a new concept because it’s a kind of lifestyle store. The other thing I like about it is that they change their products very frequently, so there’s always something new worth looking at. Also, this means that not many people can buy the same thing as you. They deliver really quickly and you can return things easily if you don’t like them. I’m going to recommend it to all my friends and I think that the word-of-mouth element will make it really popular in the future. I think it will be successful in the future because it has the element of exclusivity, but at the same time it’s not expensive.

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GRAMMAR FILE 1 1 have risen, we’ll all be living 2 does the exam finish, try 3 will win, will want 4 will be, we land, going to 5 I’ve finished, I’ll shut 6 going to be, have been travelling 2 1 will (all) be saying 2 will have had 3 will be getting 4 starts 5 will get 6 am going to try 7 will meet 8 are 9 will be heading 10 are starting 11 are going to apply 12 will be/are going to be 3 1 is going to be a long 2 the company will have opened 3 will be consulting (with) local people 4 is bound to flood (again) unless 5 are to be held 6 once you’ve landed to 4 1 of 2 a 3 more 4 has 5 in 6 are 7 will 8 going/planning

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UNIT 6 IMAGE AND REALITY READING

GRAMMAR

1 Possible answers 1 One of films that comes to mind would be Thor: Ragnarok. It had all the sweeping action sequences and fancy visual effects you’d expect from an epic blockbuster, yet also had an engaging plot, and even better, didn’t seem to take itself too seriously. The lead character, Thor, was played by Chris Hemsworth, and I think he and the other cast members gave a stellar performance. As for the music, I’d say the soundtrack added atmosphere and heightened the tension during key scenes. 2 The actor I most admire is Emma Watson. As well as being an excellent actor, she uses her fame to advocate for causes like human rights. 3 It means that when you watch the actor in role, the acting is so good that you only think about the character. Alternatively, it means that it is better to cast unknown actors so the audience is not distracted by recognising the actor. 2 Method acting (originally developed by Stanislavski) is a technique whereby the actor aims to achieve complete emotional identification with the part they play.

1 Possible answers 1 there’s a lot of noise in the auditorium. (zero conditional) 2 all the critics agree that his performance was outstanding. (first conditional) 3 would probably be an artist. (second conditional) 4 I wouldn’t have persuaded you to go and see it with me. (third conditional) Zero conditional: if + present tense + present tense (We use the zero conditional for general truths or consequences.) First conditional: if + present tense + future form/might/could, etc. (We use the first conditional for the consequence of a possible future action.) Second conditional: if + past simple + would/could/might + infinitive (We use the second conditional for hypothetical situations in the present.) Third conditional: if + past perfect + would have + past participle (We use the third conditional for hypothetical situations in the past.) 2 A 2 ​B  1 ​C 3 3 1 If I hadn’t agreed to take on some extra work last week, I wouldn’t be (so) stressed now. 2 If Jon liked me, he would have invited me to his party. 3 If the car hadn’t broken down yesterday, we wouldn’t be travelling to the airport by taxi tomorrow. 4 If the teacher hadn’t given us a surprise test after school, I’d be at home now. 5 If I’d got the right grades, I would be starting university next September. 6 If Dad had got the heating fixed, it wouldn’t be freezing in my room right now! 4 1 She regrets agreeing to go to the fancy-dress party. 2 He thinks Ben shouldn’t have asked her. If Ben were a really good friend, he would know her better. 3 The boy thinks the girl wants him to go to the party instead of her (but the girl wants him to help her find a suit). 5 G: Really, if he weren’t such a good friend, there’s no way I’d be going! B: Seriously, if he were a really good friend, he would know you better and he wouldn’t have asked you! G: Mm, if I were to ask you if you could … B: You wouldn’t catch me at a fancy-dress party if you paid me! G: … if you could help me find a Catwoman outfit? 6 1 have never heard 2 are not/wouldn’t be 3 wouldn’t have had 4 had asked 5 go/were to go 6 will/would find 7 hadn’t bought 8 wouldn’t be 9 want 10 will need to/need to 11 were to tell/told 12 would be 13 had found out

exam tip Stricken means to be badly affected by something: it is hyphenated with celebral palsy, which the character was affected by, and earlier in the sentence it says that he required a wheelchair. It is an adjective from an archaic past participle from the verb strike. 3 1 B (Refers back to the previous sentence: the proper relationship between audience and film actor’s craft) 2 C (In paragraph 2: got himself into character, partly through a series of in-character tricks and stunts) 3 B (In paragraph 3: … we seem to want to catch characters ‘at it’) 4 D (In paragraph 4: actor’s ‘central problem’: having to plausibly feel things while remaining in control of their craft) 5 C (In paragraph 5: method is all about moments – it’s a technique that thinks in shots and close-ups) 6 B (In paragraph 6: … its own kind of dramatic truth – and it’s an act you can’t be caught in) 4 1 plausibly 2 tangible 3 disciples 4 perspective 5 part and parcel 6 hybrid 7 made a lot of 8 conjuring 5 Possible answers Paragraph 2: Jared Leto uses method acting and while filming a recent film, he played lots of nasty tricks on his fellow actors in keeping with the character of the Joker that he was playing. Paragraph 3: Many actors today go to great lengths to show that they are preparing for a role. Audiences now seem to like this devotion to the art of acting. Paragraph 4: The new method acting is quite unlike the original method acting, where actors tried to find the motivation and emotions for the character from themselves and their own experience. Paragraph 5: The method seems to have adapted well for screen work, and actors use it to conjure up moments rather than live out whole lives. Paragraph 6: Really good method actors like Daniel Day-Lewis have ways of preparing, by involving themselves in a character’s life without telling everyone about it. Overall summary: This article is about how actors use a special method to get into character and give a convincing performance. Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 7 Possible answers 1 escapism, doing something different, a good way to provide a talking point at a social gathering 2 • If I had to choose a character to cosplay, it would have to be the Hulk because I’d like to go around pretending to be strong and invincible. • If I had to dress up as someone, it would probably be Rey from Star Wars as she’s one of my all-time favourite characters. An added bonus is that her outfit looks pretty comfortable.

VOCABULARY 1 Possible answer This quote means that life is like a stage because we act out different roles, e.g. a baby, someone’s child, a school child, a worker, a friend, a partner, an elderly person, etc. 2 1 A delusion (mistaken belief) B illusions (something not real) 2 A fantasy (something purely imagined) B fallacy (something often believed but untrue) 3 A image (a picture) B imagination (ability to create) 4 A reality (what is real and happening) B realism (way of thinking based on fact) 5 A hallucinations (visual images induced by medication or illness) B dream(s) (when we’re asleep) 3 He puts on another voice and tries to sound more important. 4 1 on ​2  out ​3  for ​4  in ​5  up ​6  on 1 put on – speak with 2 make out – pretend 3 take (sb) for – mistake 4 take in – deceive 5 make up – invent 6 take on – adopt 5 1 get into character 2 the semblance of 3 the façade slips 4 through and through 5 gone to great lengths 6 gives a convincing performance

LISTENING 1 Possible answers 1 A picture of the empty table has been taken on the tablet. A coffee cup has been placed on top of the tablet, and another photograph has been taken from directly above to make it look like the cup is part of the photograph on the tablet. 2 One of the best illusions I’ve seen was a 3D pedestrian crossing. It was just painted on the road, but the way it was done in 3D made it look like there were rectangular blocks on the road. It looked really cool, and more than that, it had a useful function, apparently it was great for getting cars to slow down! 2 Possible answer Because he is technically very good, very creative and spends time on his videos. 3 Possible answers 1 When talking about making his videos, Javier feels A gratified by the interviewer’s interest in what he does. B proud that the videos are a result of his technical skills. C satisfied with the sophistication of the software. D worried that people think he is being dishonest.

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2 Maria thinks that the types of videos which Javier makes A have affected our everyday lives. B have challenged her profession. C have changed the way we think. D have prevented discussion of other important issues. 3 Javier and Maria agree that videos which capture an illusion A are causing people to be upset. B are a valuable educational tool. C are drawing a new audience into the art form. D are an effective way to raise discussion of certain concepts. 4 Javier suggests that his living arrangements A are responsible for the success of his videos. B allow the team to film until the video is perfect. C generate ideas that are unusual. D result in a wider variety of topics. 5 Javier’s view of freebooting is that A it needs to be controlled. B it can be damaging for some people. C it is a bad way to achieve popularity. D it has different effects on different people. 6 Maria and Javier both think that A they will always disagree about what’s best. B The audience for this type of video is growing. C people will always be able to sort illusion from reality. D there needs to be more discussion about the problems these videos raise. exam tip Key words = making videos, Javier feels B tells us that we’re about to hear the information we need because this is a question to Javier about putting together his incredible videos (putting together is another way of expressing making videos). 4 1 B (Many people think I use special effects programs but I don’t. For me, that would be cheating.) 2 C (I think they alter our judgement and understanding of what’s possible) 3 D (I suppose what’s good is that at least the videos allow us to debate this kind of thing. … And surely it’s a good thing that we aim to exploit the assumptions we make around the laws of physics in order to test them. And it’s in a way that can be understood and discussed by the man on the street.) 4 A (There’s so much interaction that we’re always creating something. We start off with brainstorming. That’s where we got those ideas like seeing someone getting pulled along by a car or the video of an egg apparently with a chick inside! The part I enjoyed most was working out how we were actually going to do it. It just It wouldn’t work so well if we weren’t together all the time. And we are constantly having to reshoot things.) 5 B (But I do understand how hard it is for other people who spend hours creating stuff and then someone just steals it.) 6 C (I do think audiences are becoming more sophisticated and more discerning about what they want to believe … reality will act as a kind of transparency for the truth and, ultimately, people are not silly.) 5 1 a hit 2 blame 3 to 4 in 5 to

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 6 Possible answers 1 It is way too easy to photoshop something or change it slightly to give a better impression – after all, everyone does it! 2 I’d say that in this age of fake news, that people are far more sceptical than they used to be, and we shouldn’t always accept things at face value.

USE OF ENGLISH 1 1 The highlighted phrases connect ideas or information and act as signposts for the reader. 2 1 that is to say 2 then again/having said that/in reality 3 having said that/then again/in reality 4 In other words/That is to say/To put it simply exam tip They then wanted to find out whether the goalkeeper can use his posture to alter perceptions of his size so (4) to influence penalty-takers’ actions. (5) they discovered suggests that postures which make the goalkeeper seem bigger … 4 1 no (negative quantifier with uncountable noun) 2 to (correct preposition to follow according) 3 if/when (conditional) 4 as (part of the fixed phrase so as to) 5 What (back reference) 6 while/whilst/whereas (contrastive linker) 7 In/Under (part of fixed phrase in/under the circumstances) 8 by/through (preposition to show manner)

USE OF ENGLISH 2 1 Being economical with the truth is a euphemism for lying, either outright or not being entirely honest, for example by failing to disclose the full story or exaggerating. 2 Possible answers My brother is exactly like her. You have to watch him like a hawk or he pinches money from the bank. I have to admit that I used to be a bit of a nightmare to play with myself at times. But I’ve grown out of it. 3 1 deceiving (making someone believe something that is not true) 2 cheat (to behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, especially in a competition, game, or exam) 3 betray (to be disloyal to someone who trusts you, so that they are harmed or upset) 4 pretended (to behave as if something is true when in fact you know it is not, in order to deceive people or for fun) 4 1 D ​2  E ​3  B ​4  A ​5  C 5 Lying can be a sign of creativity. 6 1 D (other options do not collocate with likely) 2 C (the other options need to be followed by a preposition) 3 B (cheat is used for tests/exams) 4 A (actually is incorrect because the sentence is introducing a new explanation that does not contradict previous position/ statement; obviously is incorrect because the author doesn’t think it is obvious, we know this from remarkably in the previous sentence; deceptively is incorrect because it isn’t deceptive) 5 B (the gap is followed by out so indicated/shown are not correct; the meaning of made out is to say something is true when it is not) 6 C (convincing means something that seems true; other words do not make sense in this context) 7 C (other words do not collocate with problem)

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8 A (a scammer is someone who cheats people out of money; a forger is someone who someone who illegally copies documents, money, paintings, etc. and tries to make people think they are real; a dodger is someone who uses dishonest methods to avoid paying taxes; a prankster is someone who plays tricks on people to make them look silly) 7 Possible answers • I’m inclined to think that creative types might be more economical with the truth. They might not even realise they’re doing it! • Sometimes creativity and deception do go hand in hand. Have you seen the movie Catch Me If You Can? That was based a true story about a con artist who was basically a creative genius. • Just because someone is creative doesn’t make that person deceitful necessarily. On the other hand, if someone’s deceitful, I guess she must be creative enough to think of ways to bluff her way out of trouble.

SPEAKING 1 Possible answers 1 A child saying that her brother broke something when it was her fault. 2 She’d been out to the cinema with someone else and said she was at home. 3 He’d been to a late party on a school night when he’d told parents he was staying at a friend’s to study. 2 Possible answer A: Looking again at these different people, for me, the most important would be either teachers or people in authority. You’ve only got to remember that you could get in serious trouble if they caught you lying to them. B: It’s true, you might. However, I still stand by what I said earlier about complete honesty being more than simply making sure your facts are true. It’s also about being open and not having any secrets. I definitely don’t want to let my teacher or principal in on everything! A: Do you think friends then? B: Yes, I do. I feel very strongly that everyone should have a friend or two that they can share everything with, I’d say it is essential for well-being. A: Although it wasn’t my first thought, I can see what you’re saying. I wouldn’t say every single friend, but close friends. I’m probably more candid with my best friend than anyone else, I guess. B: OK, so it sounds like we agree on friends then. 3 Possible answer Should you always tell the truth to friends/family? Why / Why not? They talk about lying to a mother about handing in an assignment, and seeing a friend’s partner out with someone else. 4 For instance; Take yesterday, for example; The reason I did that was; if, like; is a prime example; And that’s also because; Another example might be 5 Possible answer 1 A: I’m in two minds about this. I mean, on the one hand, I would expect politicians to be honest about policies and their behaviour. On the other, I think they might have to fib sometimes for the greater good. B: In what kind of circumstances might they have to lie? A: Let’s take an example, what if politicians are making a trade deal, and if they disclose details, it might lead to getting a worse deal for the country. That said, I do think they’d be much better to say they won’t comment rather than outright lying. B: I guess you’re right up to a point. But I’d really rather politicians were truly authentic and above-board, even during campaigns. A: You’re right, that would certainly be nice. Although, in reality, I’m not sure that’s ever going to happen … 3

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 2 A: I guess I can see what they’re saying, that maybe if you are upfront about everything, it doesn’t make you very popular. This is because people don’t always want to hear the cold, hard truth, especially about themselves! B: To build on what Elias has said, I think they key is to be careful about what you say and diplomatic in how you say it. 3 A: Absolutely. Why I think this way is because it is vital that children know that they can trust what you say. You don’t necessarily have to give a full and detailed answer, but don’t make up a lie. B: I have a different perspective to Elias. In my view, it’s OK for people to not be completely honest with young children sometimes, this is basically to protect them from some of life’s harsh realities or let them enjoy some of the magic of made-up stories. 4 A: Personally, I think it’s better not have anything you need to hide, except for maybe a fun surprise for your partner. I think that keeping a secret, about say a personal failing, can be quite exhausting. B: Although I generally agree that openness is important, I do think it’s fine to keep a few secrets now and then about trivial things. For example, does your partner need to know where you hide your secret stash of chocolate?

WRITING 1 Possible answers • I’d guess that Einstein is trying to say that it is all very well to learn facts, but if you don’t have any creativity to apply those facts to solve problems, then they aren’t much use to anyone. • He probably means that high-achievers tend to value creative thinking above rote learning. 2 The purpose of the essay is to discuss two benefits of teaching the arts and explain which is the most important benefit. The teacher will read it. 3 1 offers a wider education; inclusive, all can excel 2 Yes, when selecting the most important point and also giving reasons why the benefits are important. 3 Yes, because it needs to be in an academic style. 4 There are paragraphs for each point in the essay; ideas are connected with linking phrases. exam tip 1 connect across sentences: The first of these; The second benefit connect within sentences: Whilst 2 introduce information: There is compelling evidence that; it is worth noting that; It is important to realise that indicate the writer’s attitude/point of view: Unsurprisingly; Undoubtedly 4 1 D (If you do or decide something in light of something else, you do it after considering that thing.) 2 E (What is equally important is used when introducing a second idea or statement that is as important as your first one.) 3 A (The first thing indicates an introduction; remember here means to keep in mind.) 4 B (with someday/something in mind means considering someone or something when doing something, and taking suitable action.) 5 F (By the same token is a formal phrase meaning for the same reasons; it is used when you want to say that something else is also true, especially something very different or surprising.) 6 D (For this reason is used after giving a reason for something, before saying what action was taken.)

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Explore language 1 Unsurprisingly and undoubtedly are adverbs which tell us how sure the writer feels about something. 2 Possible answers A significantly, crucially, importantly B fundamentally, basically, in essence C amazingly, shockingly, remarkably D undeniably, absolutely, unquestionably 5 The essay needs to include two of the benefits of teaching life skills, with reasons. 7 Model answer Many young adults today are graduating from secondary school without knowing how to change a lightbulb, boil an egg or do CPR. In light of this, it seems like an excellent idea for schools to teach practical skills such as household repairs, budgeting, cooking and first aid. One key benefit of teaching such skills would be that it would give each of us the chance to gain these skills before graduation. Undoubtedly, some students will have access to acquiring skills from their families. Yet, for whatever reason, not all students have equitable opportunities to do so. Another valuable benefit is that it would free up young adults to settle into new work or study without the added burden of learning practical skills at the same time. To some degree, there will always be new skills to learn, but by covering the basics, schools would equip their students to progress to the next stage of their lives with confidence in managing most day-to-day tasks. It seems that the latter is the most crucial benefit. The reason for this is that it is not unusual for recent school graduates to feel overwhelmed by the huge changes in their lives. Unquestionably, learning practical skills will help us to adjust more easily and achieve greater success in our chosen endeavours. Overall, I am in favour of introducing practical skills education in secondary schools. In my view, it is vital that we all receive a broad education which prepares us for all aspects of adult life.

SWITCH ON 1 Possible answers 1 My view is that being positive can help you feel better up to a point. That said, it would be naïve to ignore mainstream medicine for some sort of airy-fairy mind games. If it was that easy, do you think we’d still have any sick people? 2 My grandmother teaches yoga and meditation so I’ve spent a fair amount of time doing those. I don’t know that I would call them therapy but I suppose it did my mind and body some good! 3 Some possible factors: status of the prescribing physician or therapist; cost of the treatment; word of mouth; testimonials; scientific evidence. 2 Possible answers • The placebo effect is a phenomenon in which a person’s condition or performance responds to a placebo, such as a pill which in itself has no properties to induce the change. • It’s a physical and mental response to a stimulus that appears to be genuine, but is in fact false. • The placebo effect is when someone believes that a drug or treatment is genuine and will make them better, when in fact there is no active substance in the drug.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 3 Possible answers 1 The pill was given a clinical name (Neuroset). Jeremy is a doctor. Players were given more than one pill as studies had shown that would be more convincing. The pills included the colour red which has been found to meet expectations of their appearance. There was medical equipment present. A uniformed medical officer dispensed the pills along with making notes and testing the players’ blood pressure. The pills were dispensed in a recognisably medical way in paper cups and with water. Jeremy’s language was very precise and informed. Jeremy told them what to expect so they would have already been anticipating the change. 2 Embarrassed that I had been tricked, particularly on television. I would start to question other performance-enhancing food, drink or supplements I had taken, such as energy drinks, and wonder if they really worked. I would feel amazed and a little freaked out about how readily we were all prepared to believe something, just because it appeared to be genuine. I’d be intrigued that our performance had improved so significantly purely through the effect of our belief. 4 Possible answers • It’s highly unethical. It’s deception. You are consenting to take one thing, but are being given something else. To me, that means your consent has not been truly given and it’s irresponsible to assume it’s OK. • By distorting what the players can achieve at ‘normal’ performance levels, it could adversely impact their game if they are unable to attain the ‘enhanced’ level without a placebo, which is unfair. • I don’t think it’s a problem. The subjects aren’t being harmed and if it results in something positive that they are happy about, then why not? • I don’t think it is unethical. Some important research into the effectiveness of new drugs is done this way, from which everyone benefits.

INDEPENDENT LEARNING SB p88 2 Possible answers 1 Complete the unit check exercises. Do allocated homework. Look for online practice apps/websites. Record vocabulary in a notebook. Write personalised examples for new grammar/ vocabulary. 2 Check pronunciation of words in the online Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Identify sounds that you have difficulty with, or ask the teacher to help you identify these sounds. Use pronunciation apps. 3 Possible answers 1 Before I start my homework, I’m going to spend some time looking over the previous lesson. 2 If I get an exercise wrong, I’m going to make sure I understand why. If not, I’ll ask the teacher. 3 When the teacher gives me feedback on my written work, I’m going to spend some time reading the feedback. I’ll review the feedback before the next writing task.

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UNIT CHECK Practice 1 Students’ own answers. 2 betray, bluff, cheat, deceive, fake, falsehood, fib, forge, fraud, hoax, scam, tell a whopper, tell porkies 3 1 compelling 2 convincing 3 prime 4 brave 5 candid

Review 1 1 F 2 T 3 T 4 T 5 T 2 1 is 2 Were 3 would be 4 is, looking for 5 filters 6 thinks 7 blink 8 to make 3 1 in case 2 otherwise 3 on condition that 4 in the event of 5 but for 6 providing 4 Possible answers 2 If we don’t have any controls on news stories, it may badly affect people. 3 He was only allowed to see the magicians’ tricks if he didn’t tell anyone. 4 All the performers must gather in the hall if they hear an alarm. 5 We would have been at the fancy-dress party if we had something to wear! 6 We should win if last year’s winners don’t enter the competition. 5 1 On the contrary 2 That is to say 3 What’s more 4 so as 5 except that 6 under those circumstances 6 1 has/should (conditional) 2 way (fixed phrase) 3 have (conditional) 4 should/will (conditional) 5 if/when (conditional) 6 it (back referencing) 7 with/like (comparative) 8 should (conditional)

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7 Possible answer Reasons online media should check news are because untrue stories may: • make people believe dangerous stories, e.g. inaccurate health information • damage people’s reputations, e.g. saying a popstar has committed a crime • bias people’s decision-making • lead to unnecessary unrest and protests • make people upset unnecessarily, e.g. fake death reports.

GRAMMAR FILE 1 1 continues, will be 2 wouldn’t have crashed, hadn’t downloaded 3 would be, were (would have been, had been) 4 read, would increase 5 will miss, arrives 2 1 If I’d been taught English at primary school, I would be fluent now. 2 If Harry hadn’t gone to university for five years, he wouldn’t be earning a lot of money now. 3 If I hadn’t lost my phone yesterday, I wouldn’t be going shopping for another one tomorrow. 4 If Marie enjoyed romantic films, she would have gone to see About Time with Ronnie last night. 5 If my cousin had learned to swim when he was younger, he wouldn’t have a terrible fear of water now. 6 If I didn’t have a meeting in London early this morning, I would have stayed at my friend’s house last night. 3 1 would be happier if they did 2 were to have an accident 3 wouldn’t be having problems had 4 should you need to 5 I would have watched the show 6 the whole class were to fail 4 1 no matter 2 As a result 3 In contrast 4 whereas 5 in reality 5 1 When/Although (sequence link) 2 one (fixed phrase) 3 could (ability in the past) 4 although/though/but (contrast linker) 5 after (sequence linker) 6 were/wanted (condition) 7 It/This (back-referencing to cheating behaviour) 8 if (condition)

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

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UNIT 7 BE SEEN, BE HEARD READING 1 Possible answers If an injustice isn’t righted, it will set a precedent and pave the way for more injustice. Society is interconnected, so even if an injustice doesn’t affect us directly, we should take a stand. 2 Possible answers Emmeline Pankhurst (1858–1928) was a famous member of the British suffragettes (this comes from the word suffrage which means the right to vote in national elections) and fought for women’s rights, especially the right to vote. She was put in prison many times for her actions. I admire her because even after being sent to prison, she persevered with speaking out for women’s suffrage. 3 Possible answer I’d expect the article to go into detail about how various art forms can highlight social issues and affect people’s opinions. 4 1 B (The novel highlights the plight of the homeless.) 2 A (Soldier poets highlighted the hideous reality of war.) 3 D (The film, 99 homes, shows the social effect of housing foreclosures.) 4 C (Songs have been used to speak out about issues since as early as the Peasants’ Revolt in England, 1381.) 5 1 B (through their work, many authors also want to bring issues that they regard as important to our attention. They do this by ensnaring us with the story while informing us, sometimes almost unobtrusively, about wider social issues … Other writers unashamedly set out to paint the issue very clearly from the outset) 2 C (were created by the people who were struggling against poor working conditions and oppression … However today’s writers are not necessarily those affected by the social problems, but ones wanting to raise awareness) 3 B (accommodate … changing … recent popular shift) 4 A (The work of these poets has touched successive generations, and even those of us who profess to have no interest in poetry in general) 5 D (While reading a story allows us to create the pictures for ourselves, film gives us the pictures directly) 6 C (Music undeniably has a particular power to move people. It taps into our body rhythms and the refrains drill messages into our brains.) 7 D (Weaker films in this genre often feature monologues where the audience is almost lectured at but the better of these films …) 8 A (Ironically, at times the rhythms of the poetry provide an echo of the rhythm of the marching bands and patriotic songs that encouraged soldiers to fight in the first place) 9 D (More recently Suffragette illustrates fights women have had – and are still having – for equality …) 10 A (War poetry was not new in 1914, but previously it had served mainly to glorify war and promote patriotism. Then, soldier poets like Wilfred Owen felt they needed to write about the atrocities they were witnessing) 6 1 inaccessible 2 successive 3 profess 4 accommodate 5 entice 6 unashamedly 7 refrain 8 galvanise

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8 Possible answers 1 I admire film-making because it takes so much organisation to make a successful film. For me, poetry is the most admirable because it seems less commercialised than the other art forms. 2 On the surface, politicians appear to have more influence. However, if you look deeper, I think artists play a much bigger role in influencing our society. In reality, politicians are much more influential in achieving change because they are taken more seriously and have legislative powers. Perhaps politics is a form of art in a strange sort of way? Some politicians certainly know how to put on a show!

GRAMMAR 1 1 B ​2  D ​3  A ​4  C ​5  F ​6  E 2 1 bullying 2 He hasn’t phoned to let her know what happened. 3 Nobody has wanted to deal with the problem before. 4 The school council were concerned and raised the issue earlier in the year. 3 1 Because of timing it’s probable that it has finished. I would be surprised if it hasn’t finished. (also: ought to have finished) 2 I’m annoyed that he hasn’t phoned me. (also: could have phoned) 3 Based on experience, I’m cross with myself for not knowing. (also: should have known) 4 An implied conditional – if I hadn’t had some problems, I would have gone. 5 There was the opportunity to put a stop to it. They had the means to put a stop to it, but they didn’t. 6 This use gives an (unfavourable) comparison to show pointlessness of an action. (also: could just as well have been talking) 4 Possible answers 1 you’d gone out. 2 was only five minutes late. 3 they’ve been in a meeting. 4 I’m really grateful. 5 they’d have been furious that I hadn’t consulted them first. 6 now we’re caught up in all the rush-hour traffic. 5 Possible answers A: Surprisingly, I’ve never actually signed an online petition. I’ve had lots of requests, but I don’t honestly believe they make a much of a difference. B: It’s funny you should ask because I actually signed one just this morning about the treatment of refugees. Who knows if it will actually make a difference? Signing is quick and free, perfect for an armchair activist like me. I’m much more likely to sign a petition than march in the streets. 6 1 have to admit 2 should or shouldn’t sign 3 would have been 4 may/might/could even have been approached (similar meanings – could is slightly more colloquial) 5 can/might hook (might stresses the probability; can stresses the possibility) 6 has to/needs to/must have (must is the strongest form) 7 mustn’t/shouldn’t forget (must is stronger) 8 must have been suffering 9 may/might have been (similar meanings) 10 should have done

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 7 Possible answers The purpose of online petitions is to raise awareness of issues. The way signatures are gathered has changed over time. With enough signatures, a petition can force a parliamentary debate in the UK. Sometimes petitions are started by people who have a specific issue they care about or have tried other avenues with no success. Despite petitions not always achieving the desired change, there is still value in knowing you’ve expressed your point of view.

VOCABULARY 1 The proverb suggests that in trying to affect change, communication, especially writing, is more effective than violence. 2 (Possible context in brackets) 1 G (describing an articulate teacher) 2 E (someone helped the speaker in a generous way) 3 H (a school being closed down) 4 B (someone talking about a new café that has opened recently) 5 D (someone talking about climate change) 6 F (someone got fired for no reason) 7 C (someone has just had a heated argument) 8 A (a friend had promised to go with you to an event and is now pulling out) 3 1 someone who’s written about something controversial 2 She is reacting/responding to a disagreement or row with someone. 3 a forum where people can express their opinions 4 1 take notice (to suddenly start paying attention to someone or something, because they have done something surprising or impressive) 2 spotlight (give a lot of attention to) 3 way (to do what you want to, even though someone else wants something different) 4 tied (unable to talk in a relaxed way because you feel nervous or embarrassed) 5 as it is (to say exactly what you think or what is true, without hiding anything that might upset or offend people) 6 back (stop yourself from feeling or showing a particular emotion) 7 over you (to treat you badly by always making you do what you want them to) 8 say (to have the opportunity to give your opinion about something) 5 Possible answer Parent: I’m afraid there’s no way you’re going out while your room looks like, for want of a better word, a disaster. Teen: You can’t go back on your word now, you promised me I could go to this concert! Parent: I’m not going to let you walk all over me. When your room’s tidy, by all means go. Teen: There are no words … 7 1 In a word 2 shone the spotlight 3 Words, failed 4 put into words 5 sit up and take notice 6 hold back 7 have their say 8 way with words

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LISTENING 1 Possible answers 1 • I think ideas spread by word of mouth or on the street. People see what people around them are doing or trends that they’re following, and that’s how ideas become popular. • It’s all about commerce. Someone finds a good idea and wants to make money with it so they look for a new market to sell the idea or product in. 2 • Scandinavian design has become really popular globally, perhaps it is because of Ikea? Or maybe Ikea is popular because of Scandinavian design? • What about the idea of democracy? It’s been around for a while now but we can trace it back to ancient Greece. 3 • I’m a total copycat but I think fundamentally everyone is. It’s almost impossible to come up with anything entirely original because we are surrounded by ideas all the time. • I find blogs and bookmarking sites like Pinterest a great source of inspiration. Why reinvent the wheel when there are so many great ideas already out there! 2 1 Conversation 1: using ideas for inspiration Conversation 2: signing a petition about ideas Conversation 3: thinking collectively (as a group as opposed to as individuals) 2 Conversation 1 might be more formal as it is on TV/radio. Conversations 2 and 3 are probably more informal because they are taking place between peers. 3 1 What is the woman’s attitude towards using the ideas of others? 2 What is the man surprised by? 3 Why did the man start the petition? 4 What is the woman’s attitude towards the copying of ideas? 5 The man believes in the theory because 6 What do the students agree about the theory? exam tip Possible answers 1 An interviewer and an expert or two experts. 2 Words related to copying, using and inspiring. 3 Using ideas is OK and inspirational. / Using others’ ideas is not OK, and not fair 3 1 B (… taking the nub of someone else’s idea and building on it has always been part of innovation, hasn’t it?) 2 C (Yet, it’s astonishing that when we talk of the masses of music or movie downloads from the internet, the most frequently used word is piracy.) 3 C (… so we’re trying to get them to use some of those funds to re-invest in us.) 4 B (But I do think we need artists to continue to put their ideas out there. Art has always relied on public view.) 5 A (When I go to conferences I always get frustrated because someone else has gone down exactly the same path as me on an idea …) 6 A (Mind you, I’m not sure you could ever really prove it … He was saying, wasn’t he, that it’s a theory that appeals and makes sense to us but when they tried to prove it, they couldn’t.)

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 4 Possible answers 1 • I agree up to a point. What I’d say is that general ideas and concepts belong to everyone, but specific ideas like a logo or some song lyrics usually have an owner. It might be nice to think ideas belong to everyone, but legally they don’t always. • I do believe that people should be free to use and build on any idea they like. Lots of people around the world seem to agree with me, as they share their content freely on certain websites for others to use and change. 2 • Yes, I think new technology will develop to better control and monitor copying. For example, lots of universities already use certain digital tools to detect plagiarism off the net for assignments. • I don’t think you can ever entirely control copying online. I mean, as more technology develops to control or monitor copying, more corresponding technology will develop to avoid detection. Maybe the way we view ownership of content is going to change anyway. I think more people will realise that they can’t control copying so will release and allow content, like songs and videos, to be shared and copied legally.

USE OF ENGLISH 1 1 1 B 2 C 3 A 4 written: A and C spoken: B 2 1 He swore he had not intended to copy my work. 2 She really hoped he would attend her presentation. 3 The lecturer announced that next week’s lecture had been cancelled. 4 He asked (me for) permission to use my photo. 5 He admitted that he had taken the file from my desk earlier. 6 She checked how (I thought) we/they could copyright our/ their work. 3 Suggested answers + encourage, expect, hope, reassure, recommend +/- advise, emphasise, reveal, believe, convince, - grumble, worry 4 1 has reported that fewer (In the first sentence, says is used to report something that has been said recently. To convey this in the second sentence, we use the present perfect form has reported. Using the past simple form reported would lack the emphasis conveyed by says. Reports would not be possible because the sentence must use the key word reported without changing it. Fewer is used with the countable noun adults. Less would not be possible because it is only used with uncountable nouns.) 2 insist on us taking (insist on means to say firmly and often that something is true, especially when other people think it may not be true. This conveys the ideas from the first sentence of it is essential and according to. If us is omitted from the second sentence, it would have a different meaning from the first sentence which says it is essential for us. It is also crucial to use the key word on.) 3 (has) claimed that most (of them) (that cannot be omitted because of the relatively formal register of the sentence. Young people is omitted after most because repeating it would sound clumsy and it is unnecessary.) 4 need to do more (need is followed by to-infinitive to express an active meaning. Need + ing-form is used for passive meanings, e.g. The car needs washing.) Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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5 they should not share (the subject they is necessary to express the advice, or it would sound like sites are giving advice to ‘people who shouldn’t share their passwords’ which doesn’t have the same meaning as sentence 1 and doesn’t make sense. They is used rather than people to avoid repetition. Not must go in between should and share. Modals, such as should, are followed by the infinitive without to.) 6 confessed to using (confessed expresses honestly and said from the first sentence, using the key word to. We cannot use admit with to. We use the -ing form after prepositions like to.) 5 Possible answers • Students, because they should know to keep passwords private, ensure they are using security settings, not open unknown links, etc. • Parents/schools, because they have a responsibility to teach young people about how to keep themselves safe, which includes online privacy. • Internet providers/social media sites because they own the site, they should make sure that it is secure, and that privacy settings are easy to understand.

USE OF ENGLISH 2 1 1 We give a speech at an event, e.g. a wedding, an award ceremony, after a dinner. We give a presentation in a formal situation when we want to convey information. 2 I had to give a presentation for my history class recently. We all had to choose a historical figure that we admired and give a two-minute talk about their life, with photos on slides to support what we were saying. I wasn’t that keen on doing it myself because I often get a tongue-tied in front of people. That said, it seemed to go OK. I guess it helped a lot that everyone watching had to give their own presentation, so they were a kind audience. 2 It’s not good: there are hesitations, the speaker laughs at his jokes, repeats himself, speaks too close to microphone, read notes rather than talks directly and sounds unnatural. 3 1 election ​2  ignorance ​3  involvement ​4  representation ​ 5 decision ​6  refusal ​7  offence ​8  failure ​9  passage ​ 10 qualifications 4 1 domination, duplication, substitution 2 dependence, dominance 3 commitment, treatment 4 approval, dismissal 5 confusion 6 offence 7 closure, posture, pressure 8 breakage 9 clarification, identification 5 1 pressure (the quantifier a lot of requires a noun, also take the pressure off someone is a fixed phrase) 2 ensure (the form used here is going to + verb with infinitive without to) 3 emphasis (give emphasis to something is a fixed phrase) 4 monotonous (we need an adjective between the article and the verb) 5 involvement (noun, following an article and coming before a preposition) 6 loosen (part of the phrasal verb loosen up) 7 inhibition(s) (noun, following the preposition of and determiner any) 8 posture (a noun subject is required in the phrase ____…….__ is important. Posture means the way you position your body when sitting or standing, so it links with the ideas of not slumping your shoulders.) 3

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

SPEAKING 2 Compare two of the photos. Why might the people be getting news in these ways? How accurate do you think the information might be? 3 Yes, she answers all the questions. She speaks for about a minute. 4 1 B ​2  F ​3  D ​4  C ​5  A ​6  E 5 2, 7, 10, 12 6 Possible answers Page 99 I’m going to compare the pictures of the woman reading news on a tablet, and the man reading a traditional paper newspaper. A similarity would be that both people look like they are getting their news from a published newspaper. Obviously, the woman is reading online, whereas the man has his paper copy, but they could be different versions of the same publication. There could be lots of reasons why the woman likes to get her news online. For example, it’s extremely convenient. Another reason could be that content is free, or maybe she’s environmentally conscious. Perhaps the man has just picked up the paper on his way somewhere, so again, it’s about getting the news in a way which is convenient. Perhaps it’s a morning ritual. He might have to use a screen a lot for work, so likes to read the physical paper to give his eyes a rest. It’s highly likely that these papers are generally accurate, although you do have to be aware that editors might put a certain spin on things. There might also be stories in the printed version that were accurate at the time of print, but become out of date over the course of the day. So of the two options, I’d rate the online version as more accurate. Page 173 So, in this first picture, it looks like the interviewee has won a sports trophy and is being interviewed about his win, he’s the sole focus. If we compare that to the second picture, it looks like it is a panel presentation where a number of speakers are sharing the spotlight. One similarity might be that both the winner, and the panel, are being asked about things that they are good at or have expertise in. In all probability, the winner is being asked about how he feels, and what this win means to him, they always seem to get asked things like that. I’m not a hundred percent sure about the panel, but they are probably being asked about their work. For instance, they could be being asked questions like: How did you get into this field? What are some new innovations we can expect? What are the biggest challenges in your industry right now? Those sorts of things. The winner looks a little overwhelmed to be honest, but I’d imagine he is feeling quite proud of what he’s achieved, maybe it hasn’t sunk in yet. The panel members probably feel pleased to be asked to share their experiences. While they look like they’re feeling calm, some of them might be feeling a bit feeling nervous on the inside, if they aren’t used to being interviewed in front of an audience. 7 Possible answers 1 Mmm, let’s see, I get most of my news from social media and online news websites, and I also occasionally catch the news on the radio. 2 Well, that’s something I haven’t thought about before. I guess all reporters have their own opinions and it must be hard to report without any bias. That said, most reporters are good at appearing objective! 3 Definitely pictures. They say a picture is worth a thousand words and it’s absolutely true. Think about a picture of a crisis or emergency – it’s hard-hitting in a way that words aren’t.

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4 Absolutely. It makes me feel involved and part of the global community. 5 I wish good news stories did get more of the spotlight but it is a sad reality that people are much more fascinated by the awful things in the world. Maybe watching the bad news makes us feel thankful. 6 I’m afraid that question is a bit beyond me! I guess paper newspapers will disappear completely, and perhaps news will get faster or more personalised, if that’s possible!

WRITING 1 Possible answers 1 It’s crucial to consult students about decisions that affect us. We have an entirely different perspective to teachers and managers. Where possible, I’d suggest a consultation should take place. Student involvement can lead to more students buying into to changes. 2 student council, student/class representative, focus groups, teams 3 A student representative should gather feedback from students, collate it, and present it to teachers and managers. I’d say the role should involve shining a spotlight on issues that are important to students. More than anything, I think the role is about communication. Making sure students are aware of upcoming changes, and that teachers are aware of students’ concerns. If I had a good idea, I’d hope the student representative would help me be heard. 2 The style is the same. A report discusses the past, and makes recommendations about the future. A proposal discusses the present situation, and makes recommendations about the future. There are more opinions in a proposal, as you give your reasons for your ideas. A report mostly presents facts objectively. A proposal is persuasive throughout. A report is persuasive only when making a recommendation. 3 Who will read it: the principal (head teacher) of your college. Why: the principal is interested to find out about what changes students would like, and would like suggestions from students about ways to support other students. What the principal needs to know: in the task, you will be suggesting a forum, so the principal needs to know the purpose of the forum (why it should exist), how it could be organised and the possible benefits for students and college. 4 1 to propose something and persuade the reader 2 It’s formal because it’s like a business idea and it’s addressed to someone you don’t know very well, or someone who is senior to you in some way. 3 They organise the information. 4 Yes, throughout (e.g. in your rationale for the idea). 5 1 Yes. 2 No – it’s a summary, therefore, it should summarise the information. 3 No – the summary should be succinct. 4 The writer’s view should be clear, but not too personal or over-emphatic. 6 Only B because it relates back to the objectives, but in summary form. A and C are too vague. exam tip 1 is most effective because it is a polite suggestion. 2 is much too strong and sounds angry. 3 is too strong and implies fault. 7 Suggest gives an opinion in a polite way.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 8 Possible answers advocate, advise, propose, recommend We advocate for elections to be held annually in September for eight places on the forum. Many students have advised us that they would like to see a representative from each year level. It is proposed that meetings should take place monthly. Our class teacher has recommended that we set up a social media page for the forum so that we can give regular updates on progress and events, and forum members can be easily contacted by other students. 9 purpose of the council, how students will be elected to the council, benefits of the council for students and college 11 Model answer Proposal for student council I am writing this proposal to the college principal to suggest the creation of a student council at our college. Purpose of the council The key objectives would be for students to have a channel to suggest changes in the school, and for event planning during the year. How elections would take place In essence, we advocate for elections to be held annually in September each year for eight places on the council. We propose that voting would be online to minimise expense and streamline administration. At this stage, we are still considering the best way to ensure that the council has a gender balance and adequate representation for minority groups within our school. Benefits of the council We are of the view that a student council would benefit both staff and students. Students would have a forum to raise concerns and make suggestions about the school. In addition, they would be able to plan events that would suit the current student body, in turn gaining valuable experience in organisation. Equally, staff would benefit from having a formal communication channel with a group of student representatives to make sure that they are in touch with the student voice. Summary Overall, we believe that this suggestion would assist our school in having a positive atmosphere where students feel that their voices are heard.

SWITCH ON 2 The school wanted to ban the use of slang words at school and at home because they believed that using it was causing children to spell incorrectly. 3 1 Jonathan Green believes that children are speaking English, even when they are using slang words. He believes that young people who are using and creating the slang are being creative. He believes that young people know when to use slang and when not to use slang. He thinks even if the ban of slang words was put in place – it wouldn’t work because people would take no notice of it. 2 1 C ​2  D ​3  B ​4  A Other slang from the clip: wagwan – what/how are you doing? fam – family, my people woz – was/were giz it ere – please give it to me ya sweet – you’re cool

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4 Possible answers • I understand that David Lammy wants young people to be able to express themselves in a coherent way. However, I do not think banning slang language will achieve this. Jonathan Green says that slang language is creative and I think that’s true. I also think that students would ignore the ban. I think that Jonathan Green presents a realistic picture of the use of slang. • I agree with David Lammy. School is a situation where everyone (pupils, teachers and parents) should use a common, accepted language. As the teacher says later in the clip, kids invent slang – a special language exclusive to their group – to give themselves a sense of identity so it excludes people who are not in their group. Kids need to be flexible and skilled in all the forms of language that they use but, because they will need to operate in the wider world when they leave school, they need to be skilled in the use of normal English too. Also, they need to be careful that using slang doesn’t affect their ability to spell correctly because this could have a negative impact on their performance in (written) exams.

INDEPENDENT LEARNING 2 Possible answers opinion: in my view; personally; I think; I believe; as far as I’m concerned … explaining: that’s why; the reason is …; the main reason is …; I say this because … recommendation: I recommend; I’d suggest; You should … speculating: could; might; may; I guess; I suppose … 3 Possible answers Remember to read texts quickly for gist first. Use clues like headings, subheadings and pictures to help understand the text. Don’t panic with unknown words. Instead use strategies such as deducing from context, looking for a root word, thinking of any similar words in your own language. Read more in English to practice. For example, subscribe to blogs, read online newspapers in English, read novels or magazines in English. Learn speed-reading strategies or try an online speed-reading programme. 5 All genres involve: understanding the task, identifying audience, identifying and using appropriate formality, organising a piece of writing in a logical way, using a variety of vocabulary and structures, correct grammar and spelling, following the conventions of the genre. 6 Possible answer When writing proposals, I will try to use persuasive language that is polite rather than forceful. I could improve my ability to write proposals by re-reading the model answers provided.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

UNIT CHECK Practice 1 Possible answers for want of a better word, go back on your word, have a way with words, have the last word, in a word, put into words, word of mouth, words fail me, wordsmith • It often isn’t easy to put into words exactly how you feel. • News spread so quickly through word of mouth that I hardly needed to announce it. • How am I? Well, in a word, busy. • I can’t believe you actually said that to his face. Words fail me. 2–3 Students’ own answers.

Review 1 1 almost sure – he says must have 2 because she would have phoned if she was at college 3 no, because the boys are starving 4 put dinner in the oven 5 now – he says must be 2 1 must, should 2 didn’t dare to tell, would 3 might, we’d better 4 is supposed to, couldn’t 3 1 have finished 2 have been talking 3 have been tempted 4 be waiting 5 better find out 4 1 Dan reassured me (that) there would be a lot of new students who wouldn’t know anyone. 2 My sister warned me not to tell Dad because it was a secret. 3 The customer requested that they have seats next to each other. 4 My teacher expected them to be more excited about the event. 5 My friend advised me to enter my song for a competition. 5 1 have 2 not 3 them 4 out 5 could/might 6 to 7 need/ought 8 how 6 Model answer I was lucky enough to interview J. K. Rowling about her writing. I asked her if she realised what a big influence she had had, especially on getting boys to read. She explained that she was very pleased about this, but she confessed that it hadn’t been a priority for her when she started writing. I expressed my surprise that she had managed to write so much over the last few years and she pointed out that it had been very hard work. As she says, she could have written something much simpler but she herself got lost in Harry’s world and wanted to write about it completely. I suggested that she must have been very tired when she reached the end, and she laughed. We discussed what a huge influence writers can have on children, especially at certain ages, and she said she knew this was a responsibility which she took very seriously, but she hoped she had opened new worlds for the people – adults and children – who read her books. I also asked whether she had any new books that were about to come out. She admitted that she did have one that was almost written. I am so pleased I had the opportunity to talk to her.

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GRAMMAR FILE 1 1 A 2 A 3 B 4 B 2 1 could have bought 2 may not have realised 3 would have donated 4 shouldn’t have followed 3 1 should have held a general election 2 must have been playing tennis 3 might/could/may have been given a lift 4 needn’t have had the meeting 5 could have had his leg broken 6 may/might ( just) as well have done 4 1 He promised (that) he would help me. He promised to help me. 2 She agreed (that) she would come with me on Friday. She agreed to come with me on Friday. 3 He insisted (that) I attend the meeting. He insisted on my attending the meeting. 4 He hoped (that) he could get time off. He hoped to (be able to) get time off. 5 She denied (that) she had told him. She denied telling him. 5 1 They promised (that) they would see me the following week. / They promised to see me the following week. 2 He complained (that) he had hurt his knee playing football. / He complained about hurting his knee playing football. 3 He apologised for not being able to help that/this week. / He apologised that he wasn’t able to help that/this week 4 He asked (if I knew) what we needed to do and I replied (that) I didn’t know yet/at that time. 5 They mentioned (that) they might/may go to see their grandparents that/this weekend. 6 1 has 2 me 3 would 4 in 5 but/although 6 been 7 about/with 8 what

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UNIT 8 HEALTHY BODY, HEALTHY MIND READING 1 Possible answers • I’m pretty sure that all of these health issues affect young people in some way. Perhaps the most serious issue is depression. I say this because I’ve known quite a few people who suffer from depression and anxiety, and it can be absolutely devastating. • When I look around my friends, I’d say physical fitness is right up there as one of the most important issues. Some of us are couch potatoes and others work out to the point of obsession. • Skin complaints and acne tend to affect adolescents more than adults, at least in my experience. 2 Possible answers One campaign I saw relating to depression was ‘R U OK?’ day. It was encouraging people to ask others how they were really feeling. It did actually remind me to be in touch with a few friends I hadn’t seen for a while. There’s a campaign about the importance of vaccination going on at the moment. I think the government is trying to correct some misinformation spread by anti-vaxxers. I’m already fully vaccinated so it didn’t change anything for me personally. 3 Possible answers A Likes: length (The short but punchy clip serves to illustrate the main point of the campaign extremely well); circle on palm symbol, celebrity involvement, based on true facts B Likes: the campaign concept of removing stigma/shame of depression, motto and symbol, campaign overall. Dislikes: the video clip length C Likes: the clip increases empathy in those who don’t suffer from depression, the campaign highlights an important issue, interesting comment thread on website. Dislikes: Some aspects seemed under-researched. D Likes: powerful video, use of celebrity role models, simplicity, good medium for reaching young people. exam tip 1 Text A: positive (short but punchy clip, illustrates … extremely well) 2 Text B: negative (I fear that something has been lost in the brevity of the video … time constraints means it has to oversimplify the issues involved … would have more impact were the celebrities to talk a little about how they or people they have known have been touched by the issues.) Text C: positive (as the excellent campaign video demonstrates) Text D: positive (Here, however, the balance is just right. The video isn’t wordy and it speaks directly to those who need to understand what having such problems means, through a medium that young people will appreciate.) 4 1 B B has a negative view of the video (something has been lost in the brevity of the video), compared to the positive views by A (short but punchy clip), B (as the excellent campaign video demonstrates) and D (the balance is just right.) 2 C (depression is something that affects an increasing number of people, including children, and they need to be supported, not punished for it – Text A) (although I hate to mention this, some sufferers are vilified as the excellent campaign video demonstrates – Text C) 3 A (I was also impressed by the care the developers of the campaign have taken to getting at the true facts – Text A) (Although some information highlighted in the campaign was, to my mind, a little under-researched – Text C)

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4 C (… campaign does really well is to make those of us who are lucky enough not to suffer from depression realise how devastating an illness it can be – Text C) (it speaks directly to those who need to understand what having such problems means – Text D) 5 1 holds barred ​2  brevity ​3  time constraints ​4  laudable ​ 5 vilify ​6  wordy 6 Possible answers A The commenter likes that the campaign is direct and thinks the message is well-supported by the video clip. He/ she suggests that the clip is well-researched and would be encouraging for people suffering from depression. B The commenter applauds the idea behind the campaign and hopes it shines a spotlight on depression. However, he/she found the video too short and simplified. He/she would have liked to have seen more personal experiences in the clip for greater impact. C The commenter emphasises how important it is to be aware of the effect and symptoms of mental illness in people we know. He/she agrees with the campaign’s message that this is one of the most significant youth issues today. He/she appreciated the range of views expressed on the website, but believed the campaign could have been improved by more robust investigation. D The commenter is a huge fan of the campaign and video clip. In particular, he/she liked how famous people were involved, and the message was promoted in a very clear, concise way. The commenter contrasted some other clips which were much more harrowing and not as likeable. 7 Possible answers 1 • Videos that make people think about a topic are pretty effective. Celebrity endorsement and a snappy slogan can definitely help make the clip more memorable as well. I find I remember what I watch far more than what I read. • I’m cautious to say it would be effective without having any evidence. I’m behind the idea that videos effectively bring people’s attention to an issue, but will people will actually modify their behavior after watching? 2 • I’m not convinced you can just ‘cheer someone up’ who is suffering from depression. That said, the way you could support them would probably be to keep in touch regularly, be a listening ear and maybe encourage them to get professional help. • I’d encourage them to come out with me, maybe spend some time in nature or do something we both enjoy. I’m not pretending that it would turn off the depression like a switch, but it would be more beneficial than them sitting alone at home. • I’ve suffered from depression in the past and one of my friends made a point of texting me every single day. I still felt isolated to be honest, but a little less so. If I know someone is feeling down, I try to keep in touch like my friend did for me.

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GRAMMAR

VOCABULARY

1 A 1, 3 B 2 C 4 2 (In all the sentences, the passive form is more appropriate – see the reasons in brackets below.) 1 In recent years, the town has been affected by increasing amounts of traffic. (The agent is complicated to express simply.) 2 Items from the robbery were found on a ferry to France. (unimportant agent) 3 You were reported for being late to work five times last week. (This sounds more diplomatic when expressed in the passive.) 4 You are going to be given a medal for your bravery. (unimportant agent) 5 It has been discovered that this drug has dangerous side effects./This drug has been discovered to have dangerous side effects. (It is obvious who the agent is.) 6 The most interesting lecture was given by an American lawyer. (The agent is put at the end of sentence for impact.) 3 Possible answer It might involve giving young people some sort of outdoor experience in the wilderness. Maybe it would involve learning some survival skills and getting away from mobile devices, or working as team. It could be aimed at young people who live in cities or don’t normally have access to nature. 4 1 received ​2  determined ​3  identified ​4  develop ​5  found ​ 6 improve ​7  give ​8  review 5 Statistics have recently been received relating to young people who have been on programmes such as the Wilderness Project and it has been determined that a very high percentage of them profited significantly from their experiences. We are in the process of setting up more such programmes to accommodate the increasing numbers of young people who have been identified as being in need of experiences like this. However, with more funding from the government, even more programmes could be developed. It has been found that a person’s selfesteem and confidence can be significantly improved by being close to nature and learning various skills and crafts in a natural setting. It is very important that young people are given these opportunities. The current programme will be reviewed at a later date. 6 Possible answers 1 I once got sick from some undercooked seafood, and am sorry to say that I have been completely put off ordering it ever again. 2 I have been reminded countless times about not biting my fingernails, but it’s a habit that is so hard to break! 3 I was told off for eating on public transport. I knew the rules, but I was starving. 4 I was overcharged at the cinema once, I’d forgotten my ID and they didn’t believe I was under 16 at the time, so I had to pay for an adult ticket. 5 I have been criticised for speaking my mind, but, I really believe it’s better to be upfront with people. 6 I have been praised for helping my brother with his homework. My parents really appreciate it. 7 I’ve been delighted by that new café opening on the corner. I’ve wanted somewhere local to get coffee for a very long time. 8 I have been angered by people thinking depression is something you can snap out of. It’s far more complex than that.

1 Possible answers 1 • My sister has always been a very emotional person and isn’t afraid to show it. She’ll yell if she’s angry and burst into tears at the smallest thing. On the other hand, if she’s happy, she can light up the room. • I have a friend who wears his heart on his sleeve. You always know what kind of mood he’s in because he’ll be laughing his head off or ranting about something. 2 • In my view, it is wise to keep your emotions bottled up in the workplace up to a point. You don’t have to hide everything, but it undermines your professional capability if you show every mood swing. • It basically comes down to how well you know the people in any given situation. If you don’t know the people well, I’d suggest being a bit more subtle with your emotions. 2 crying: improves our mood, physically good for us anger: exercise, running and yelling get rid of frustration laughing: good for healing, medicine 3 1 yell ​2  sob ​3  rant ​4  giggle 4 1 A empathise  B sympathise 2 A moan  B groaned 3 A gloomy  B grumpy 4 A consideration  B compassion 5 1 E grin and bear it = to accept an unpleasant or difficult situation without complaining, usually because you realise there is nothing you can do to make it better 2 A lose it = to become very angry and upset, or, to become crazy or confused let rip = informal to speak or behave violently or emotionally 3 C have a long face = a sad or disappointed expression on someone’s face 4 D shaken up = be upset, shocked, or frightened by something that has happened to you 5 F be in fits = to laugh uncontrollably 6 B shoot your mouth off = talk about something that you should not talk about or that you know nothing about get a few things off my chest = to tell someone about something that has been worrying or annoying you for a long time, so that you feel better afterwards 6 1 grumpy ​2  moan ​3  grin ​4  lose it ​5  yell/rant ​6  shaken up ​ 7 blub/sob ​8  sympathise 7 Possible answer • In my view, it’s fair enough that employers require workers to manage their emotions. Imagine if you went into a shop or a restaurant or the hospital, and the people working there were sobbing or ranting, it would be awful as a customer. • I don’t think it’s healthy myself. When people are forced to bottle up their emotions at work, it’s more likely to lead to an explosive outburst or feelings of isolation and loneliness. • There’s a balance to strike between allowing extreme emotions to show and wearing a mask. It’s helpful for workers to be provided with safe spaces where they can get things off their chests.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

LISTENING 1 It is used to say that you will be healthy if the food you eat is healthy and vice versa. 2 Possible answers • I’m not sure about the pregnancy one. I say this because my mum craved cheese when she was pregnant and I’m allergic to dairy products! • I’m sure growing up in a family where spicy food was the norm has developed my taste for that kind of thing. 3 The idea of food choices being affected by culture. 4 Korean, American and Chinese exam tip In the first part of the recording, Mina mentions that age, gender, status and work affect our tastes. However, she is talking about collective tastes at that point rather than personal tastes (… what I’ve observed is that what different communities choose to eat and how they eat – and even how certain dishes are prepared – is actually very closely connected to the unique characteristics we have such as age or gender, our status in society or even sometimes the kind of work we do.) 5 1 significance (Eating is never a just a biological activity. For me, whether it is simply or elaborately prepared, food always carries with it some significance.) 2 characteristics (I’ve cooked in many other countries, and in doing so, what I’ve observed is that what different communities choose to eat and how they eat … is actually very closely connected to the unique characteristics we have) 3 past experiences (In other words, what you choose to cook and eat is an accumulation of all these past experiences.) 4 group identity (And then, looking at how we eat as a group, consider how every single community and religion uses food as part of their celebrations. … I would say that this helps make our group identity stronger.) 5 tastes (Think about all the Chinese cooks who emigrated. … it was inevitable in those circumstances that the dishes they served had to be adjusted to accommodate tastes in their new culture.) 6 traditional skills (It’s a shame that those traditional skills are dying out) 7 bringing people together (All this swapping of tips and information is a great way of bringing people together.) 8 extension (we even make a thing of waiting in line for a table at a restaurant … we turn it into a social event and, if you are with friends, it’s an extension of eating with them.) 6 1 is accompanied by 2 show where you come from 3 to be adequate or successful economically 4 an emotional connection or link 5 to feel emotionally or intellectually part of a group 6 to be something that is an essential quality 7 Possible answers 1 When I think of comfort food, I think of my grandmother’s apple pie. We always have it at family gatherings and it takes me back to my childhood. 2 I suppose when you eat at a restaurant, it’s quite common for people to order lots of different dishes, whereas at home, everyone would be having the same thing. Another difference might be that home-cooked food is generally healthier, although of course it depends on the home and restaurant you’re talking about! At a restaurant, we would also be served at the table, but at my place we’re expected to serve ourselves – and do the dishes afterwards, too!

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3 Here in Argentina, I would say that the barbecue is the most representative because it is something that people all over the country enjoy, and we have a reputation for doing it well. It’s served with chimichurri, a sauce made of herbs. I’d also say dulce de leche, which is a rich caramel spread. Each region has its own specialities, for instance, locro stew, made of corns, beans and potato, in the north west. I think regional variations in food are partly based on what produce grows well in the area, as well as the influence of indigenous people, and groups of immigrants settling in certain areas.

USE OF ENGLISH 1 1 The information has been condensed into noun phrases. 2 1 (long-lasting), 3 (long-standing) and 5 (two-day-old) need hyphens. We don’t use a hyphen with -ly adverbs. 3 1 Would you rather eat in a five-star restaurant or a family-run café? 2 What do you consider a well-balanced diet consists of? 3 Why do you think convenience food is so popular nowadays? 4 Would you rather eat home-grown or frozen vegetables? 5 Would you rather do regular exercise or eat a healthy diet? 6 Would you rather eat local or international dishes? 4 You can eat food to make you more intelligent. 5 1 on (a fixed phrase with adependent preposition – have an effect on) 2 make (a collocation with smarter) 3 were (a previous past reference, using the passive) 4 This/It (backward referencing) 5 try (a verb meaning ‘experiment’ verb before an -ing form) 6 as (while is not correct here – we don’t say while you age) 7 every (= all of the organs) 8 so (part of so that – talking about a consequence) exam tip A 2 B 4 1 noun + preposition collocation 2 verb + adjective collocation 3 past passive 4 backward referencing 5 verb before -ing form 6 time linker 7 determiner 8 consequential linker

USE OF ENGLISH 2 1 Possible answer Studies have shown that exercise can improve mood and help with depression. However, people often neglect to do exercise. 2 Possible answer I know someone like the speakers – me! I’m not a big exercise fan and I find it really hard to stick to a routine. As for someone like Jake, a fitness fanatic, well my sister’s like that. She can’t get enough of the gym and is very discerning about food. ‘Fuel for the body’, she calls it. 3 1 sore (A sore point is something that is likely to make someone upset or angry when you talk about it.) 2 strict (A strict diet is one in which you eat a very limited amount or range of food.) 3 strong (A strong aversion is an extremely strong dislike of something.) 4 tough (If something is tough going, it means the conditions are difficult.) 4 1 concentration ​2  visit ​3  sound ​4  ambition ​5  matter ​ 6 frown 5 1 solid gold ​2  close call ​3  strict laws ​4  casual remark ​ 5 tough call ​6  heavy fine 3

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 6 1 D (other options do not collocate with start) 2 B (profit = benefit) 3 C (other options do not collocate with high) 4 A (part of the fixed phrase do the trick) 5 D (correct collocation with solid, also evidence has the most appropriate meaning) 6 D (other options do not collocate with effects) 7 B (other options do not collocate with reliance) 8 C (other options do not collocate with control) 7 Possible answers 1 I don’t like the idea of supplements myself. Trying to replace a balanced diet of fresh produce with processed pills? It doesn’t seem like common sense, and there isn’t any evidence to back up their effectiveness anyway. Occasionally taking some vitamins or a protein shake won’t hurt, but I just don’t think there is enough evidence to warrant spending money on them regularly. 2 If an athlete fails a banned substance test, I think they should face a ban from the sport for at least a few years. The rules are there to make things fairer for everyone and also to protect the health of the athletes. Some banned substances can be quite harmful to the long-term health of athletes, I think. Yet, it seems too harsh to ban them forever. Many who have used banned substances face a huge social stigma, lose their sponsorships and so on, so let’s not punish them for life. Everyone makes mistakes, after all.

SPEAKING 1 Possible answers 1 This article might raise the point that antibiotics are being overused. It will probably also discuss how we need to invest more money in the research for new drugs. 2 This article could raise the point that people in many professions believe they are overworked and underpaid. Or it might point out that later in their careers, doctors often end up earning decent salaries. 3 I wonder if this article raises the point that too many health campaigns may dilute the effectiveness of each one because people get tired of them. I’d guess it might point out that although smoking rates have reduced, tobacco continues to harm people’s health. 4 I would expect this to raise the point that until now, food-labelling controls in this country have been a lot more relaxed than in other countries. It may also discuss how food labelling can help consumers make more informed choices about their diet. 2 1 B ​2  C ​3  A ​4  D 3 The interaction is not good because the boy dominates the discussion too much. 4 1 I’m sorry, what do you mean by ‘overuse?’ 2 Could I just come in here? 5 Possible answer A: In my view, it is high time that more money was spent on improving health care facilities, for example, refurbishing hospitals and updating equipment. This has been done in some of the big cities, but smaller hospitals in rural areas are often quite run-down and … B: That’s a really good point, but I’d just like to add that I would say that updating equipment is likely more beneficial than making cosmetic changes …

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A: I’m sorry I’m not quite sure what you mean by ‘cosmetic’ changes. B: Oh, what I mean is changes to the appearance of the hospital, like painting walls and or adding artwork, things like that. A: Thanks. Actually, I think it’s vital to spend money on both the appearance and the actual facilities. If patients are in a pleasant environment, I’m convinced it aids their recovery. B: I suggest that another area which is vital to spend money on is developing new drugs to fight diseases that have such horrible consequences for some many people. What they need to do is give research scientists more funding. With the right funding, I’m sure … A: Excuse me, can I just say that it isn’t quite as simple as that. Even if new drugs are developed, they’re likely to be so expensive that they only benefit the few people who can afford them. B: Could you rephrase that please? A: Sure. What I’m getting at is that it’s crucial that the news drugs developed are affordable. Otherwise, it isn’t worth the investment. 6 Possible answer A: Mm, let’s see. I would say either health awareness campaigns or controlling food labelling. I say this because these are preventative measures to stop people getting sick. They also target a very wide audience. What do you think? B: Well, all these measures would be beneficial, wouldn’t they? That said, if we’re looking at the one that would make the biggest difference, I’d lean towards developing new medicines – cancer treatment, for instance. It could be the difference between life and death for some people. A: I’m inclined to agree with you. Although new drugs wouldn’t reach as many people as, say, a health campaign, it really still should be a priority. 7 Possible answers 1 • Governments have a role in looking after their people’s health. When people have access to good, affordable or free health care, the nation as a whole is better off. • People should take more individual responsibility for their own health. It seems very unfair that other taxpayers have to subsidise health care for people that don’t take good care of themselves. 2 • I’m intrigued by the possibility of testing for diseases you are genetically prone to, and then taking pre-emptive treatment. It would be so much better than only treating a condition after you get it. • Maybe scientists will be able to recommend food or exercise that will benefit people with certain types of genetic make-up. • I wonder if people will become more empathetic towards people with diseases if it’s found that they are caused by genetics rather than a consequence of personal decisions? 3 • Our generation is more conscious about healthy eating because there is so much information available on the internet. That said, ironically, I think we are less healthy, probably because of our sedentary lifestyles with so much technology. • Unfortunately, I think we’ve become less health conscious. My parents’ generation was all about growing your own fresh produce, and today we all seem to reach for processed food out of convenience.

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8 Possible answers • improved academic performance: widely accepted link 1 Possible answers between physical health and performance, will lead to better being given information in a short video, being given information health and better grades at school, workshops, magazines, conversations with their parents, • ‘fitness for life’: students who exercise at school are more healthy cooking classes, online newsletter, watching or being in a likely to continue to stay active into adulthood, so individuals play, a MOOC (massive open online course) benefit from being healthier as adults, and society benefits 2 The essay is about persuading young people to take better care from having healthier adults of their health. Your tutor will read it. • ‘fitness for life’ is most important because it will benefit 3 1 I wholeheartedly agree with the writer’s argument as current students and could also have an effect on future teenagers aren’t taught about health in school, so we need generations to find a way to get the message through. What I particularly • The issue is important because many young people today live like was their suggestion to use social media as a way of sedentary lives, affecting their health and general wellbeing. communicating the information to them – great idea! • Health education would encourage young people to develop 2 The writer uses lots of reason and examples. healthy habits. 3 Yes. The writer thinks videos are the best way. • Numerous benefits to health education, e.g. improvements to academic success and a healthier society in the long exam tip 10 Model answer It overtly refers back to the issue of health education mentioned in Many young people today live sedentary lives in front of a the introduction. screen, which affects their health and general wellbeing. It is 4 Possible answer high time that health education was highlighted in schools to There is no doubt that people growing up today live in a highencourage young people to develop healthy habits. There are pressure society. That is why it is high time that more effort and numerous benefits to an increased focus on health education resources were put into improving health of the young. In this within the curriculum including improvements to academic essay, consideration will be given to two possible alternatives to success and a healthier society in the long run. encourage young people to look after their own health: social It is widely accepted that there is a link between physical health media and short educational video clips. and performance. If students have opportunities to engage in 5 Possible answers more physical activity as a result of health promotion, this will 1 ways in which young people can be persuaded/how to likely lead to better focus and improved grades. influence young people It is also worth considering the possible long-term benefits of 2 to look after themselves more health promotion in schools. For example, students who exercise 3 to put details on the web/to post details online regularly at school are probably more likely to continue to stay 4 to organise workshops/courses that train people in … active into adulthood. As a result, individuals and society reap the 5 designing/developing/making videos benefits of fitness for many years beyond the initial investment. 6 Possible answers It is my view that the latter benefit is the most convincing. If It is therefore worth considering how (For this reason, it would young people are equipped with health and fitness skills, not be worthwhile to consider how …) only will we benefit the current generation, but it could have a In order to do this, consideration should be given to … possible effect on the next. Ultimately, I think we should stop (To achieve this, we might think about …) complaining about health issues that can be addressed with lifestyle changes, and start addressing them. In my view, health There are two options that I think could be effective … promotion in every school is a straightforward starting point. (Two alternatives worth weighing up are …) … then it would probably be shared … (then it would likely be SWITCH ON shared …) 1 Possible answers this is likely to be a very effective way … (this may well be an 1 Food is a core part of who I am. That is how I was brought effective way …) up – to value home-cooking and hospitality. What would be best is … (What would be ideal …) • Not sure food is more important than any of these other and I would suggest that … (I am of the view/opinion that …) areas to be honest. I’m not as much of a foodie as some Something short and fun could have … (Something short and others I know. fun is likely to …) • That’s a difficult question. I’m not sure that you can even 7 1 Obviously, people will read anything we put on social media. separate food from some of these areas. When I think (Generally/It is likely that people will read most things we put of home, food is part of that. I cook and go out to eat on social media.) for pleasure as well. I’d be keen to work in the restaurant 2 We know for sure that young people will always listen to industry one day too. others, such as their sports coaches. 2 Vegetarian/vegan (It could be that young people will always listen to others, Pros: lower risk of certain diseases and health problems; such as their sports coaches.) significantly lower carbon footprint; not supporting 3 Putting the information in a video is certainly the best way to animal maltreatment; diet generally lower in saturated approach this problem. fat and processed food; can be cheaper. (Putting the information in a video is probably an effective Cons: may need to take vitamin B12 supplements; sometimes way to approach this problem.) vegans/vegetarians may not be catered for well in social 4 There is no doubt that using social media is the most sensible situations; less choice when eating out. way to tackle this. (I would suggest that using social media is a sensible way to tackle this.)

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY Meat-eating Pros: in some parts of the world this is the status quo, so there may be an element of social acceptability; meat is an easy source of some nutrients such as zinc and iron; some people enjoy eating meat. Cons: meat and dairy consumption has been linked to an increased risk of certain diseases and health problems; animal farming is one of the largest contributors to climate change; it may condone cruelty to animals; meat can be expensive. 2 The reindeer fur which the Dolgan use for their clothes and for lining their houses. 3 1 The reindeers eat ‘the tiny plants that survive beneath the snow’. 2 They keep it in the snow (‘one big deep freeze’). 3 The children are sewn into their clothes to avoid frostbite. 4 They move often to find new grazing for their reindeer. 4 Possible answers The Dolgan eat to live because food is so scarce and so difficult to find. They have very little choice – their diet consists mainly of frozen fish and occasionally reindeer meat (though this is only used as a last resort). Their whole lives are geared around finding food for their reindeer who supply the furs which enable the people to survive in the freezing temperatures. In the West, we live to eat because food is so abundant that eating is a pleasure rather than a necessity. Because we have such a huge range of choice, eating has become a sophisticated part of our culture and eating out in restaurants has become a hobby for many affluent people. We lead such indulgent lives in the West that obesity is now one of the greatest threats to our health. 5 Possible answers • We can learn that it is possible to have a happy life and good relationships within families and generations when living close together. Less is sometimes more. When there is a very restricted choice and everyone is focused on the same urgent goal (finding food) there is no time for arguing about trivial things. Also, although it might be too much of a shock for some, we could benefit from experiencing the Dolgan lifestyle for a while. • Some might say that it is a futile sort of life. In order to survive in the freezing cold, the Dolgan people have to raise reindeers for their furs. But if they didn’t live there, they wouldn’t need the fur or the reindeer. In the short clip, we didn’t see any of the negative aspects of their lives – how do they get health care? How do they manage to have a varied diet? What happens when the young grow up and want to marry or move away? Also, in the West, we have moved so far away from that kind of life. Most people in the West would not be able to tolerate the shock. There are other less uncomfortable ways to take time out to re-evaluate our lives, for instance going on a retreat in the mountains or volunteering with a charity.

INDEPENDENT LEARNING 1 Possible answers 1 To help prepare for listening: read the questions/task before you listen, think about what you already know about the topic, identify key words in the task and think of paraphrases, use the questions/task to predict what kind of content it will contain. 2–3 Students’ own answers. 2 Possible answers 1 multiple choice: short texts: We often understand opinions, feelings and attitude from several phrases rather than one word. (Unit 4, page 54) 2 multiple choice: longer text: Use key words in the first part of each question to help you understand where to listen (Unit 6, page 82) Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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3 Possible answer Today I will choose three podcasts that interest me to download (e.g. from TedTalks). By next week I will listen to at least one of the talks and tell someone about the gist of what I learned. When I listen, I will focus on understanding the attitude of the speaker and consider her/his purpose (e.g. suggesting, informing, recommending, persuading). 5 Possible answer A: So, the skill I’m least confident in would probably be structuring answers, especially in the long turn. Sometimes, I end up wandering away from the question I’ve been asked. B: Something I always do to help keep on track is to look at the question. Remember, we’ll be given it in the exam. With the comparison we do first, I always try to talk about a couple of similarities first, and then move on to differences. I just find it easier to structure it that way to make sure I’ve said a similarity and a difference. And then, once I’ve done the comparison, I quickly look back at the written question and spend a bit of time on that, making sure I justify my points as I go along with reasons and examples. 6 Possible answer I would like to improve my speaking because it will help me to make myself understood when I travel and work with international colleagues. Next time I do a speaking activity, I will focus on using a range of language rather than repeating myself. I think I can improve my speaking skills by reviewing and practising the useful phrases in the Speaking File on pages 161–164.

UNIT CHECK Practice 1 1 solid ​2  close ​3  adverse ​4  heavy ​5  sore ​6  heavy 2 • back to square one (used when you start something again because you were not successful the first time) • comfort food (used when talking about simple food that makes you feel relaxed and happy) • eradicate (used in formal speech and writing to talk about completely getting rid of something such as a disease or social problem) • laudable (used in formal speech and writing to say that something deserves praise, even if it’s not completely successful) • preventative (describing something used to prevent a negative consequence, for example preventative measures or preventative medicine) • stigma (used to describe a strong feeling in society that being in a particular situation or having a particular illness is something to be ashamed of, for example, in some places there may be a stigma associated with leaving school before graduation) 3 Possible answers • The film was so sad that I couldn’t help blubbing and I’m sure everyone in the cinema could hear me sobbing my heart out. • I could hear so much wailing and yelling, I couldn’t believe they were just watching the football. • He looked so gloomy that I had to ask why he had such a long face today. • We started chuckling about what happened and soon we were in fits. • I hoped the coach wouldn’t lose it after the match, but she just let rip at the whole team.

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UNIT 9 LEADERS AND FOLLOWERS READING 1 Possible answers politics – Justin Trudeau, Jacinda Ardern, Angela Merkel, Barack Obama, Mauricio Macri the arts – Banksy, Lorde, Picasso, Taika Waititi, Patty Jenkins human rights – Malala Yousafzai, Nelson Mandela, Amal Clooney technology – Steve Jobs, Sheryl Sandberg (COO Facebook), Susan Wojcicki (CEO YouTube), Jeff Bezos (Head of Amazon), Jack Ma (executive chairman Alibaba) Reasons people follow them might include: capability, creativity, charm, communication skills, relatable, good marketing, power, riches, other people follow/like them. 2 Possible answers • To be honest, I think I’d prefer to be a follower, I’d rather not face the scrutiny that leaders have to deal with. Far too much pressure! That said, I like to think of myself as an active team member rather than just a follower who goes along with everything. • As for someone who will be a good leader in the future, I’m pretty sure my cousin is going to be a high-powered business leader one day. She has already started three small businesses and she’s only 14 years old! Not only is she incredibly organised, she also has big ideas, and isn’t afraid to make them happen. 3 Possible answers • Personally, I think the film producer’s job sounds the most difficult because it involves pulling together the whole project, and from the sounds of things that was quite complicated. And even before that, there was the challenge of coming up with an original idea. • All the egos and squabbling that the band leader has to deal with makes it sound like the most challenging role. It’s never easy to manage politics within a group, and I’d say it is even harder because it is managing group of peers. The public relations of the job also sounds like it makes her quite nervous at times, and would probably involve dealing with a lot of people she doesn’t know. I’m quite shy myself so I’d find that really tough. • It sounds to me like the taekwondo leader has the hardest job because everything he/she does is being noticed and copied. As she says, I think I’d also find it really exhausting to have younger people aware of everything I was doing ‘on and off the floor.’ At the end, she talks about being a respected authority figure without coming across as too bossy or full of herself, and that is definitely something which is easier said than done! • I’d say the app designer has the most difficult job. Even though he/she is passionate about it, it can’t be easy being young in business and having to deal with the stereotypes around youth and geeks at once. Even though the designer sees being young as an asset because he/she really knows the market, I’d guess that at times people don’t take him/her as seriously as an older person. 4 1 B (it sort of happened by default really … So that fell to me – presumably because I’m the oldest and supposed to be a bit more down-to-earth) 2 A (which I’m hoping might give me an edge over other candidates when I’m applying to university) 3 A (I’d really underestimated the complexity of the whole enterprise – sorting out everything does get pretty draining.) 4 D (learning from each other and sharing our knowledge and talents to create the most successful apps possible)

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5 D (As opposed to the popular belief that software developers are lonely geeks who spend all their time stuck in front of a computer, a lot of mine is taken up doing research on my classmates!) 6 C (but it’s only when you are actually in that position that you realise you have to be acutely aware of everything you say and do, both on and off the floor) 7 D (I see myself as more of a mentor, getting the best out of everyone) 8 B (It’s tricky at times because we’re all individuals and the thing that’s hardest to do is stabilise us as a band, dealing with all the egos and squabbles.) 9 C (it’s vital to be authoritative without the bossiness and arrogance that is sometimes associated with being in such a position) 10 D (the teenage market is perhaps one of the biggest for new apps and my age puts me in the ideal position to be able to plug gaps in that market) 5 1 heading up ​2  draining ​3  sizeable ​4  by default ​ 5 charisma ​6  squabbles ​7  up-and-coming ​ 8 get their heads round ​9  in the ideal position ​10  sought out 6 Possible answers A The leader has made a short video about local history with young people in the area. B This leader was not expecting to take up a leadership role but ended up taking it on because he/she is the oldest. He/ she leads the band behind the scenes including managing publicity. C This leader was chosen to be role model for younger people in the martial arts group. It involves being a leader in the sport and on the sidelines. D This leader is a young entrepreneurial app developer. He/she was getting a lot of questions from other students about app design so set up a college group. 7 Possible answers 1 Leader – the person who directs or controls a group, organization, country, etc. Mentor – an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person. Role model – someone whose behaviour, attitudes, etc. people try to copy because they admire them. 2 A leader I have a lot of respect for is … because … I have always admired … This is because … 3 … will likely be remembered with a lot of respect. I say this because… I’d say … is someone who people will look back on with a lot of respect for her/his work with …

GRAMMAR 1 1 C (to focus on and give emphasis to what we’re saying) 2 B (to emphasise or focus on certain information) 3 D (to emphasise an action, in present/past simple, more common in spoken English) 4 A (to emphasise new or interesting information) 2 Possible answers Do you do any sport? Are you a big sports fan? 3 1 She loved the team spirit. She hated having cold hands. 2 They don’t even talk about the match, they talk about reactions to the match. Fans might cancel other things in order to watch a match. Sport can take fans away from loved ones. Some fans get too crazy. 1

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 4 1 I loved about netball was ​2  I hated was ​3  would I ever ​ 4 would I say, do support ​5  have I watched ​6  does sport 5 1 were we late for the match, missed our team scoring a first goal 2 will Jack ever get promotion in this job 3 did the interviewer ask me about my work experience 4 had we started the test than I began to feel sick 5 am I ever going to get to university 6 have I won a prize at a raffle 6 They feel they’re an extension of the team they follow. They are part of a community. They enjoy the camaraderie or sharing disappointments and big successes. 7 1 is (cleft sentence introduced with what; present tense to match say) 2 do (auxiliary verb for emphasis in a cleft sentence with what) 3 is (cleft sentence introduced with it) 4 What (cleft sentence with what) 5 was (verb of subject: The season that stands out in my memory) 6 little (negative adverb before inversion) 7 Only (phrase before inversion) 8 does (auxiliary verb for emphasis within cleft sentence) 8 Possible answers 1 • What I agree with is that the camaraderie is a big part of why people support specific teams. • Like the blogger, I think it’s the sense of community which is appealing. • Unlike the blogger, I actually do agree with the psychologists, it is all about identity and people feeling that by supporting a winning team that it is somehow a personal success. 2 • What’s really similar about both sports and music fans are that they can tend towards the obsessive. They are often willing to pay through the nose for tickets. • I’d say that there are some similarities between the two groups – I mean, it’s about watching or listening to something you enjoy, often with a group of people. There’s definitely a social aspect to both activities. However, what is different is that music fans can often multi-task while listening but sports fans tend to be 100% focused on games. Or that’s the stereotype anyway.

VOCABULARY 1 Possible answers A: I think the proverb means that when you work alone, you can get more done in the short-term but over the long-term, you’ll be able to keep going for longer by collaborating with others. B: I agree, I would say that it’s encouraging us to work together, even if sometimes it feels a bit slower initially. A: Yes, when you’re in a team, and you face some challenges, you’re able to encourage each other to see whatever it is you’re doing through to the end. B: So, you actually end up achieving more than you could have done as an individual. A: Exactly, so as for examples, how about in sports? Even if you’re competing in an individual sport, like say swimming or running a marathon, a team of support people, or other competitors would help motivate you when you’re tired or even face an obstacle like an injury or a disappointing performance. Think of Olympians – even those in individual sports usually have strong support networks who have helped them get to where they are. B: Another example might be when you work in business situations. I think very successful businesses are usually made up of a team of people with complementary strengths. Even when there is one high-profile visionary leader at the helm, that person will usually have gathered capable people around them who have helped grow the business. Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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A: To bring it back to a more personal example, I find that when I start something new, I’m more likely to persevere with it if I have a friend along for the journey. For instance, last year my friend and I started ice-skating for the first time, and I doubt I would have gone back after the first lesson without their encouragement. 2 Speaker A thinks team work is good for pooling ideas, developing communication skills and resolving differences, and taking responsibility. Speaker B prefers working alone so as not to be distracted and feels she can get more done creatively. Speaker C likes the atmosphere of working in a team, which encourages hard work, but would not be able to do the delegating work of a boss. 3 1 assume, initiative ​2  earn ​3  delegate ​4  rapport ​ 5 example ​6  fostered ​7  stifle ​8  collaborate, bounce 4 1 B ​2  F ​3  E ​4  D ​5  A ​6  C 5 1 collaboratively  2 survival ​3  implicitly ​4  honed ​ 5 miscommunication ​6  coordination ​7  requirement ​ 8 irrespective ​9  resolution ​10  performance 6 Possible answers 1 • What really interested me was how meerkats delegate guard duties. It seems so human! • What was most interesting was that chimpanzees make up after a fight. I’m surprised they don’t hold a grudge. 2 • I have a Saturday job at a busy café and everyone working there has a role to play. I’m a kitchen hand so the chefs usually delegate tasks like chopping vegetables or making sandwiches to me. The boss has fostered a really positive atmosphere, which makes it a great place to work at. I had to complete a group science project once, and it was a complete disaster! No one wanted to take responsibility for getting it done. In the end, I had to take the initiative and ended up doing the whole thing myself the night before.

LISTENING 1 Possible answers 1 • I think all three factors have an effect on me. The most influential factor would probably be who I’m working with. If I’m working with positive people, I find it much easier to make progress than if I’m stuck with a bunch of grumpy people. • The people matter to some extent, but what’s really crucial for me is the environment I’m working in. If there’s too much noise, or too many other distractions, I just can’t concentrate on the task that I need to get done. • Personally, I find it’s all about the task. I get much more done if I’m studying something I like. Too hard, and I just switch off. Too easy, and I get bored. 2 Feeling lonely, not having anyone else to bounce ideas off, having to do everything yourself, not being able to process ideas in a group or learn from someone else. 2 1 D ​2  F ​3  E ​4  A ​5  C ​6  B Possible answer • I’m good at pooling ideas with others. For example, I belong to quite a few online groups where people post problems they are facing or situations where they need new ideas, then we all share our ideas about it. I think I make a valuable contribution to the ideas pool. • Well, I’m best at mulling over ideas. You could say I’m quite analytical, I like to think about situations from every angle before making a decision. For example, I’ve been thinking a lot about what to study at university next year, and have poured over the course catalogue and have made a million lists of pros and cons, and so on. No one could accuse me of making a rushed decision when eventually I do make one! 2

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 3 1 advertising, works anywhere 2 data analyst, works at home 3 marketing, works in cafés 4 design, works at home 5 writer, works at home exam tip what led her to change her way of working 5 1 C (On one project, I’d agreed to completing it against horrendous deadlines.) 2 G (everyone uses my laptop and my desk is always a total mess because the kids move stuff around … in the end I found that the messiness kind of helped me) 3 H (I started writing in a café and was astonished to find that the noise formed a kind of wall between me and the outside world, so I could get lost in my own thoughts.) 4 B (I found out by chance when a relative hurt her head. I felt I should look after her) 5 E (so I started googling what I could do to help myself and discovered …) 6 E (now I exploit any moments I get whenever or wherever it happens) 7 A (in the middle of chaos at home I can hit upon way more ideas) 8 B (It meant I actually got much more done in a limited time.) 9 D (I feel much less tense and that in itself helps you to be more creative.) 10 C (What I hadn’t foreseen was that this boost to my creativity has led to new offers of work.) 6 1 Task 2, option D – the reduction in stress (Speaker 4) 2 Task 1, option C – a commitment (Speaker 1) 3 Task 1, option E – a result of research (Speaker 5) 4 Task 2, option A – the number of creative thoughts it generates (Speaker 2) 5 Task 2, option E – the ability to utilise time more effectively (Speaker 1) 6 Task 1, option H – a change of venue (Speaker 4) 7 Possible answers 1 • One of the things I’ve tried was doing homework before school rather than at night. So, I’d set my alarm for 6 o’clock, and do it before anyone else was awake. I tried this because I found that at night, there’s a lot going on in my house and I found it hard to concentrate. The advantage of the morning was that I could do my work in peace. However, to be honest, it didn’t last long. I’m not really a morning person, and I found that I didn’t have the discipline to continue the habit. So, I’m back to doing it at night, and I now use earphones instead to block out the sound of the TV from the other room. And now, I’m able to appreciate that extra hour of sleep in the morning. • I use the pomodoro technique when I have a big assignment or have to do some prolonged study. Have you heard of it? It’s a method where you work for 20 minutes then take a five-minute break. During the 20 minutes, you have to focus 100 per cent, there’s no going off and getting a snack or checking messages. I’ve found it effective because I actually get much more done. I use an app on my phone to do the timing. I used to just time it myself, but the app makes it easier – you even get a friendly little robot voice saying ‘time to work now’. Still, the key to making it successful is actually your commitment to the technique. If you cheat, then it wouldn’t help productivity. 2 People often say they aren’t the creative type, but what it really comes down to is whether they have fostered their creativity, through training and practice.

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

USE OF ENGLISH 1 1 A 2 (It uses more nouns and less idiomatic language.) B 2 (It uses noun phrases and less direct language.) C 2 is more appropriate for writing; 1 is more appropriate when speaking. 2 1 Most companies say creativity is valuable to them. / Creativity is valuable to most companies. 2 The search for summer jobs by many students often ends in failure. 3 A person’s hard work can be the cause of their lack of free time. 4 A company’s refusal to discuss the number of vacancies can cause confusion. 5 The difficulty of an interview usually results in the applicants’ poor performance. 6 The rapid increase in the number of people with degrees means there is more competition for jobs. exam tip Making science becomes makes science or has made science because it is now the main verb in the sentence. 3 (The // indicates how the two marks are allocated.) 1 growth of // scientific jobs makes/has made 2 concern at // her suggestion that 3 on // the development of everyone’s/on // everyone’s development 4 his argument // on the fact 5 complexity of his presentation // meant 6 refusal to help us // meant 4 Possible answers 1 academic assignments, essays, reports, job application letter, formal speeches 2 The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (www. ldoceonline.com/browse/topics.html) has a vocabulary section where words are grouped by topic.

USE OF ENGLISH 2 1 Preparation ideas: research the company, practise answering questions, get a suitable outfit ready, think of a couple of questions to ask the employer to show you are interested. 2 1 A group interview 2 Nervous because he’s never been for one before and he wants the job. 3 Advice about what the interview entails and how to prepare for it. 3 1 misunderstood ​2  ensure ​3  enlighten ​4  underestimate ​ 5 loosen ​6  oversleep 4 enable, enact, endanger, enlarge, enlighten (light takes both a prefix + suffix), enrich, ensure, entrap misalign, mishear, misjudge, mispronounce, misread over, overdo, overestimate, overhear, overlook, overrun underestimate react, realign, redo, refresh, relight, reread, rerun, rewind enlighten (light takes both a prefix + suffix), freshen, lengthen, lighten, sadden, sharpen, worsen 5 1 rewind 2 saddens 3 misjudged 4 misinterpreted 5 underestimated 6 overran 7 overheard 8 sharpen 6 1 ensure (prefix + verb = make sure) 2 introductions (plural noun, object of a passive structure) 3 personal (adjective, describes something) 4 imaginative (adjective, same word form as outgoing) 3

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 5 throughout (adverb = all through) 6 interaction (noun followed by between) 7 underestimate (prefix + verb, negative) 8 overlook (prefix + verb = not recognise/not see) 7 Possible answers • Yes: employers get to see candidates work in a group situation; it could be quicker for the employer because they see many candidates at once; some candidates might find it less pressure than a traditional interview situation. • No: it takes more planning than a traditional interview; quieter candidates may be overlooked; it could be awkward or unfair if some candidates know each other; some candidates might find it higher pressure.

SPEAKING 1 Possible answers 1 • I’d rather work indoors because it’s easier to stay comfortable, whatever the weather. • The outdoors, for sure. Being outside is good for you, and I’d hate to be cooped up in an office all day. 2 • A small individual office is quite appealing as I think I’d be more productive with my own private space. • I’m a bit of a social butterfly, so I like the thought of an open-plan office where there is a lot of interaction and buzz. 3 • As an introvert, I definitely work better in quiet environment without too much hustle and bustle. • When I’m in a busy atmosphere, it helps me get my work done faster. 4 • I’d generally prefer to stay in one place all day. I might lose focus if I didn’t have one fixed workspace. • I’d like to have a variety of places in my day. Moving around keeps it interesting. 5 • I do think it is nice to dress up for work. It probably helps people take you more seriously, especially as a young person. • I dress for comfort. It would be a distraction to worry about dressing up every day, plus I don’t think I even own anything suitable for a formal office. 2 Possible answers strawberry farm – working with someone else, quiet, might be difficult in bad weather or too hot in summer, can dress casually factory – inside, noisy, busy atmosphere, open plan, might make people crave outside, have to wear protective clothing fast-food restaurant – smells of food, busy, loud, indoors, might make the people hungry or stressed, need to wear a uniform 3 Possible answer The environment in this factory looks as if it would probably be very loud. Even with the ear defenders, it could be quite stressful for the people working there. Like the factory, I think the fastfood restaurant job would also involve a lot of noise, which could make the workers feel a bit frazzled, although probably not quite to the extent of the factory. In the first two pictures, the people seem to be working near their colleagues, however the work in the factory looks more solitary because each person seems to be operating their own machine. On the other hand, it looks like in the fast-food restaurant, the teammates have to collaborate on the task they are doing. Another similarity is that both workplaces are indoors. I can’t help but think it might be a bit depressing to be stuck inside all day for people in either of these jobs.

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

4 Speaker C gives the best answer. Speaker A’s answer is too short. Speaker B’s answer is too long and detailed. It’s important to give a full, but not lengthy answer. 5 Possible answers 1 Hmm, let’s see, I would probably say the strawberry farm because the work is likely to be seasonal. It wouldn’t be unusual in a workplace like that to take on a lot of casual workers who are students or travelers, so they wouldn’t be in it for the long term. 2 Well, it’s hard to say. I suppose it could be the factory worker because he looks quite focused on his task and has a kind of satisfied expression on his face. Definitely not the strawberry pickers. They look exhausted, and I’m not surprised. All that bending down does look like it would take its toll. 6 Possible answers 1 To me, I think the parking warden situation will be solved the quickest. The people in the other photos looks like they are family or friends, so will probably hold a grudge for longer. Plus, they might be talking about something that is an ongoing issue, whereas the parking issue is probably a one-off. 2 My first thought was the parliamentary debate because it would be recorded, and what’s being said could also be picked up by the media. However, looking at the extreme level of anger in the office situation, I can’t imagine anyone in that room is going to forget the meeting any time soon. 7 Possible answers 1 Which person has the most difficult/interesting/enjoyable job? / Which person do you think is the most inspiring role model? 2 Which of the people do you think is most prepared for the interview? / Which person is feeling the most nervous? / Which interview will be most interesting to watch? 8 Possible answers 1 • I do think work experience is important to have on your CV, even if it’s just something informal like helping out a neighbour. The more relevant it is to the job, the better! • I would say that getting your first job is more about who you know than whether you’ve had any actual work experience. Of course, doing work experience might actually lead to paid work at that place or making useful contacts. 2 • For me, it’s all about the people. I think having a good boss and helpful colleagues are what make a place good to work in, above any of the other factors. • Call me shallow but I’m all about the perks. If you get a fancy car and a company credit card, and the latest gadgets, what’s not to like?

WRITING 2 You have to write the report for the college principal. Main focus: an evaluation of a recruitment fair. 3 Possible answers 1 make contacts, get a job, find out more about organisations, get advice 2 workshops: (good) learn a lot, relevant, good facilitator, good length; (bad) crowded, low attendance, couldn’t hear the speaker, no interaction 3 meetings: (good) get a job offer, learn about companies, get good advice; (bad) miss out on an offer, make a poor impression 4 advice: (good) personalised, relevant, good materials; (bad) generic, irrelevant, nothing new

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

2ND EDITION

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4 General: (good) venue was modern, comfortable and easy- exam tip to-reach Introduction: 15 percent Workshops: (bad) too crowded except the one on sourcing The fair: 30 percent jobs so weren’t that useful Workshops and advice: 30 percent Meetings: (good) over 600 companies represented, all Recommendations: 25 percent stands had a representative present, useful to 11 1 Three aspects to evaluate: workshops, meetings, advice speak directly to company representatives 3 Students will need five sections: an introduction, paragraphs Advice: (bad) advice was given by a generic computer on workshops, meetings, advice, and a recommendation. programme, (good) the advice was helpful, the 4 The purposes are to evaluate the success of this year’s feedback was individualised fair, and persuade the principal to implement your 5 1 To introduce the subject of the report. recommendations. 2 The writer has split the information into sections so that it is 12 Model answer clearer for the reader; one section evaluates practical aspects The purpose of this report is to evaluate the recent university of the fair and the other evaluates the content. The writer has fair and recommend whether it is worthwhile for students to used headings to guide the reader; there is an evaluation and attend this fair in future years. then a recommendation as this is the logical way to organise The fair the information (i.e. first explain, then recommend). The fair was held over two days in the city community centre, a 3 Yes. spacious and modern venue. There were around 30 universities The fair represented at the fair, each having a stand with information The fair took place in a modern venue in the centre of the city and representatives available to answer questions. In addition, and for this reason, it was easy to reach and a comfortable the free items being given away by many stalls were very place to spend the day. Over 600 companies were represented popular among attendees. at the fair, so this was a great opportunity to find out about a Networking, workshops and advice wide range of employers across a range of different industries. The fair included opportunities to meet representatives, Each stand had a representative and for the most part, it was attend workshops and receive advice on personal statement useful to be able to speak directly to someone involved in the writing. Many students said that the highlight was talking company. to representatives from their preferred universities. Also, the Workshops and advice workshop presenters were dynamic and shared a range of There were various workshops offered, including ones to excellent tips although, unfortunately, some of the workshops help you with your job application and the interview process. on the Saturday were oversubscribed. Finally, the drop-in area With the exception of one on sourcing jobs, they were far too for advice on personal statements was another popular feature, crowded to be able to get any useful information. It was also staffed by friendly helpers who were able to give tailored possible to get advice and feedback on your CV by submitting suggestions. it online before the day. Although the ‘advice’ was a standard Recommendations computer programme, on the whole, it was helpful and meant On the whole, it would be valuable for students interested in feedback was individualised. university study to attend the fair in the future. As a rule, it 4 The writer makes specific recommendations: it would be useful would be preferable for students to attend on the Friday if to contact the organisers to suggest places in workshops are possible, because the Saturday was much busier. limited for next year; it would be helpful for students to do some research first on those they are interested in … . In addition, in light of the number of universities represented, it would be useful for students to do some research before 6 Possible answers attending, so that they can ensure that they are able to attend 1 be prepared. the most relevant workshops and meet representatives from 2 is to note down any important information or advice. the universities they are most interested in. 3 you should try to stand out in some way. 4 dress to impress. SWITCH ON 7 1 G ​2  S ​3  S ​4  G ​5  S ​6  S ​7  G ​8  S 1 Possible answer 8 1 As a rule / On the whole / For the most part A: So, you’ve come for some advice on finding a job. Let’s review 2 From the point of view of your strengths and weaknesses. What would you say your 3 On the whole / As a rule most employable traits are? 4 In the case of / For the purposes of B: Well, I’m a great team player. I will always go the extra mile to 9 Possible answers help the other people in my team. I’m also very reliable, you • Make sure you spend time researching the companies for the can count on me to turn up on time and do what I’m asked. I purposes of prioritising who to talk to. would like to think that I’m quite friendly and personable • As a rule, it is better to be overdressed rather than as well. underdressed. A: Those are great qualities that are certainly very valuable from • On the whole, you should aim to listen as much as you talk, an employer’s point of view. Let’s now talk about some areas so prepare some good questions to ask companies you are for improvement. In what ways could you improve? interested in. B: Well, I do tend to talk a lot, which can be a good thing, 10 Possible answers but can be a bit overwhelming. I guess it depends if the advice on the best course for you, meeting some staff from conversation is job-related, doesn’t it? What I really need to the university, advice on completing your application, advice break is my bad habit of interrupting people. I’ve been told it on being accepted into your programme of choice, information is really annoying. about the university environment and benefits A: Hmm, let’s consider the interrupting first, how could you work on that …?

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 2 1 Scott moved to London because he believed there would be more job opportunities for him there. 2 James advises Scott to gain a greater understanding of particular job roles and job titles available within his field in order to sell himself more effectively to potential employers. 3 Possible answers 1 Positive points Scott has a great sense humour. Scott is highly enthusiastic. Scott is eager to take up work related tasks. Scott is very likeable and intelligent. Areas to improve Scott needs to improve his professionalism by making himself look a little smarter while at work. Scott could give more commitment to work. Scott could manage his time better. Scott could maintain better focus on the job at hand 2 He improved his appearance. He secured an internship in central London, which will greatly improve his job prospects. 4 Possible answer A: So the advice given that Scott should look more professional, do you think that’s relevant to all jobs? B: Well, on the face of it, yes. I think the more professional you look, the more likely you are to get a job, and do well in it. A: Yes, I agree that we’re all judged on how we appear. Take pilots for example, would you feel as safe if they wore shorts and sandals? But a captain’s outfit doesn’t affect their flying ability, so it’s a bit silly really. B: I hadn’t really thought about it like that, but I guess you’re right that certain uniforms and professional dress make people more likely to respect them. But when it comes to professional dress, I think it has to depend on the dressing right for the job. For example, I think going for an interview to pick strawberries, you’d have better luck if you were dressed casually, looking like you were ready to start. A business suit would be over the top, and might end up costing you the job. A: In corporate circles, I think it does pay to take the advice to dress professionally. There will always be people who get away with dressing down, like Mark Zuckerberg, but I mean, if you’re running the show, you get a bit more freedom. B: So, for those of us just starting out in our careers, I guess we could say that the advice is generally true – appear professional. A: With the caveat that ‘professional’ means appropriate for the job at hand.

INDEPENDENT LEARNING Students’ own answers

UNIT CHECK Practice 1–2 Students’ own answers. 3 1 an edge 2 guard 3 head 4 picture 5 mile 6 row

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

Review 1 Speaker A: her director had mistaken her for someone else. Speaker B: his lack of awareness of his time on the team being limited/at an end. Speaker C: her being too slow to realise what her manager was actually doing. 2 1 It’s the way 2 It is when 3 What she told me was (All I know is not correct because this is not a criticism.) 4 All people want is 5 The thing that 6 It wasn’t until 7 What we’d do was 8 All I know is 3 1 had she finished, when 2 had they developed, than 3 when she saw, did she realise 4 did I realise 5 did their captain feel 6 had he managed 4 1 The team, not satisfied with their results, are hoping to go on to greater things. 2 Having learnt a new way of working, Anna changed her whole approach to work. 3 Daniela asked those who had been in her team for over a year to mentor the new members. 4 After making the team do one hour’s training, the coach asked them to go to the gym. 5 In most companies, employees are offered extra training opportunities. 6 The research objective was to test brand recognition. 5 ( // indicates the points for two marks) 1 it is recognised // as a way 2 only does/can doodling // help/enable you to 3 improves your recollection/recall // of details 4 you (to) find solutions // to problems 5 a consequence of // using 6 that/which are challenging better // by keeping 6 Model answer I’ve been looking for a job in the theatre for about three months now. I want to do stage management or perhaps even production support. This was why I used your specialist job site as I assumed it would have more jobs of relevance to me. In fact, what I found was that although there seemed to be many jobs, a lot of them were in the same field of costume and design and very few were in the production side. This meant I found the site rather misleading. I also found that the links through to each job did not work very well and there was not enough information about the job to help me to decide whether I should apply or not. Although I would not use the site again myself, nor recommend it to anyone else in my field, I would probably recommend it for those who are looking for work in the specialist areas you cover. However, I do think your site should more clearly state exactly what it offers. This is not only the case in terms of the type of jobs, but also in the level of detail offered about each job.

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

2ND EDITION

C1

GRAMMAR FILE 1 1 A It was the Labour government that changed the law on fox hunting in 2004. B It was the law on fox hunting that the Labour government changed in 2004. C It was in 2004 that the Labour government changed the law on fox hunting. 2 A It was my sister who made the chocolate cakes for Joanne’s party. B It was the chocolate cakes that my sister made for Joanne’s party. C It was for Joanne’s party that my sister made the chocolate cakes. 2 1 It does help if I get a good nights’ sleep before an exam 2 The members did have a long discussion about the plans at the meeting. 3 Danny does go on about the year he spent in the USA a lot. 4 I wasn’t sure before but we do have a lesson on Friday morning after all. 5 Pat did give me his email address, but I’ve lost it I’m afraid. 3 1 What I wanted to point out was that there won’t be much parking space available directly outside our house. 2 No way am I going to be able to meet that deadline. 3 The reason why I’m phoning is to ask you the best route to the hotel and confirm the time of the dinner. 4 No sooner had I read the email than David called me to discuss the problem. 5 At no time have I ever given James the impression that I was looking for a change of job. 4 1 was our neighbour who told us 2 place where the accident happened is 3 is Mr Reeves you should ask 4 the thieves hid the money is 5 if you are a member can 6 irritates many people is the requirement 5 Possible answers 1 In some parts of the world quite dangerous animals, left free to roam, can cause problems for villages they try to enter. (shortened relative clause) 2 My manager taught me that one way of earning more money, if you want to do so, is by becoming skilled at something others cannot do. (a clause inside another clause) 3 It worried us that we hadn’t heard from him for over six months. (use of It in a cleft sentence) 4 Being a tradition that was once free for locals, the local music event offered free drinks instead. (a participle clause) 6 1 never 2 this 3 wherever 4 in 5 least 6 when 7 if/how/whether 8 Having

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

2ND EDITION

C1

UNIT 10 MOVING ON READING 1 Possible answers 1 • Homework bores me more than anything else. I’d much rather be outside or hanging out with my friends instead of being cooped up studying. • I do think it actually depends on the homework itself! Some projects can be stimulating or at least mildly interesting, whereas others are completely mind numbing. 2 • It’s hard to say exactly. It felt like too much at the time but in hindsight perhaps it wasn’t enough to revise all the concepts thoroughly. • I think we have been given an appropriate amount. It has been a pretty steady workload but I wouldn’t say I’ve been swamped. 3 • Hmm, let’s see, I’d say younger kids aged 4–10 would benefit most from a reading book and maybe learning some maths, basic facts or a bit of spelling. Other than that, I think they should be free to play. That’s way more useful for their development than lots of rote learning. • I suppose college students should mainly be given independent activities with an element of freedom of choice. Group projects could be quite good although it obviously depends on who you get grouped with. 2 1 C ( B says Homework should not be uniform, the same for everyone, but should comprise tasks that help develop independent learning. C says there was one section about targeting different students with different homework tasks or even letting students choose what sort of homework they do that may have possible positive implications for the future.) 2 B (D says it is highly unlikely to change anything. B says Whether educators will actually take notice of these ideas and implement them is unfortunately debatable) 3 A (C says He also mistakenly maintains that research shows there is no correlation between doing homework and success in education. My belief is that he is ignoring the research that supports an opposing view … A says namely, that the more homework a student has, the better that student does at school and in life. He very clearly makes the point, with which I agree, that far from helping students, homework can actually be harmful in that it can destroy motivation and make an interesting subject boring.) 4 B (A says the writer repeated himself a great deal and laboured many points. D says some sections were easier for the reader to follow than others. C says in spite of continually reiterating certain points in a boring fashion. B says this well written and accessible book …) 3 Possible answers • What I agree with in comment B is that homework should be a response to specific needs at a specific time. I say this because when teachers give any old homework because they supposedly ‘should’, the tasks don’t necessary seem to help us learn what we need to. • I totally agree with commenter B’s assertion that excessive homework is off-putting. In my experience, if I have too much to do, I end up racing through it without taking time to do a good job.

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

4 Possible answers 1 • I definitely agree with this idea. After all, if we get to make up our own minds about how much and what type of homework we do, we’d be able to choose to do what is meaningful to us, and what would help us the most. So much more motivating. • Sorry, but I just can’t get on board with this one. Let’s be realistic, everyone would choose to do nothing at all! 2 • Sadly, that’s probably right. It’s nice to think we’d replace homework with walks in the park and family board games, but I doubt it. But, we could watch a series as a family, does that count? • I don’t know that I agree with that view. Personally, if I didn’t have to spend time doing assignments at weekends, I’d probably go along on family outings more often. 3 • This is so true. So many parents end up doing their kids’ homework for them, and how does their child learn anything from that? I’d also add that it’s probably a bit of pain for parents to have to keep tabs on homework, most of them have enough on their plate as it is. • I think there is some middle ground here. My parents managed to strike a really good balance. They showed an interest in what I was doing for homework, and helped if I asked, but ultimately left it up to me to take responsibility for doing it. • How about the idea of a school–home partnership? Surely, it’s a bit ridiculous to exclude parents from helping with homework, especially for younger kids, who need help with the tasks and developing good study habits. 4 • Absolutely. It’s nice to be treated as mature enough to make the best decisions for our own learning. • I’m not sure. If homework wasn’t compulsory, I’m just not sure I’d do it, even though I acknowledge that it has helped me learn in the past. 5 • I agree that homework helps develop self-discipline because you have to learn to prioritise your activities and manage your time. This will come in handy at university or in the workplace. • I guess there’s some element of truth to that. But, it isn’t as if homework is the only thing that can encourage selfdiscipline. What about learning a musical instrument or doing regular exercise? 6 • That’s a bit black and white, isn’t it? While homework may help us become independent up to a point, it isn’t the only way to become independent. I think exploring topics of our own interest helps us become independent way more than any formal set homework could. 5 Possible answer choose some words from text and write personalised sentences; ask three people you know what they think about homework; choose five words from the text and find their meanings; make a gap-fill; make a crossword to test new vocabulary; re-read the article and summarise each comment; make a poster showing your view on homework

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY

USE OF ENGLISH 1 Possible answers 1 taking more responsibility for your study, changing town, changing friends, getting to school/college a different way, doing your own shopping/cooking/laundry/budgeting 2 finding the right lecture hall, having the right stationery, meeting new people, getting a job 2–3 1 not/never (negative) 2 do (inversion) 3 if (conditional) 4 not (negative) 5 having (-ing clause) 6 be (passive) 7 few (quantifier meaning not many people) 8 one (quantifier) 4–5 ( // indicates how the two marks are allocated) 1 I had set off // on time 2 I not // forgotten my map 3 was only when/after // I arrived that 4 couldn’t // make up my mind 5 resulted in // me/my having 6 not able to // take advantage of 6 Possible answers 1 What I’d be worried about would be getting lost. I’ve visited the university I’m going to next year and it is a maze! The classroom numbering seems confusing but I guess I’ll work it out sooner or later. I might try and get my timetable early and see if I can find the rooms the day before my classes actually start. 2 I am quite excited to be able to go to bed at any time I like. My parents still send me off to bed before 10 pm which is completely ridiculous. I’m a real night owl so I’m looking forward to staying up as late as I want. 3 1 being late – set an alarm 2 getting lost – remember a map, look up a map on your phone, ask someone for help 3 wrong supplies – go to a store on campus, ask to borrow a friend’s 4 eat alone – introduce yourself to someone new, listen to some music, study while you eat 5 Too much free time – get a job, volunteer, set an exercise routine, set up a study group, join a club 6 Missing social opportunities – join a club during the week, arrange to meet friends during the week, suggest to the social committee that they hold an event during the week, arrange to stay over for the weekend. 4 I can’t wait to study some of the papers I’ve chosen. It will be great not to have to do compulsory subjects that I’m not really into anymore. It sounds like a cliché, but I’m also really excited to meet new people and widening my social circle. 7 1 C (valued = appreciated; other words don’t collocate with friend) 2 D (fixed phrase) 3 D (saying = a well-known, wise statement) 4 A (stood up = defended) 5 B (collocation) 6 C (collocation) 7 B (rarity = not often found) 8 A (collocation)

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

8 1 apprehensive (adjective needed, following excited) 2 unknown (participle adjective + negative prefix) 3 addition (noun needed to complete the phrase in addition) 4 dissimilar (negative prefix needed) 5 numerous (adjective needed to describe benefits) 6 exposure (noun needed following the) 7 appreciative (adjective needed to go with open minded) 8 commitments (plural noun needed to match responsibilities) 9 Possible answers 1 Nowadays, it is a lot easier than in the past, with being able to chat online so easily and share pictures. 2 It really depends, doesn’t it? So many friendships are based on conversation and shared values, and if you can’t speak the same language, that certainly makes conversation more difficult. That said, if a friendship was centred around a shared activity, say football, it wouldn’t be so much of an issue. 3 Advantages: it’s a good chance to gain practice in the foreign language, meet people from around the world, and it looks good on your CV. Disadvantages: it may be harder to understand complex concepts; it’s harder to proof-read written work; there may be cultural misunderstandings.

LISTENING 1 Possible answers • I’ve been managing my own money for a while now so I think I’ll be fine in that regard. My parents have given me an allowance for clothes since I was eleven and I’ve since added to my ‘income’ with a part-time job at the supermarket. • I’d describe my knowledge of illnesses as pretty basic, mainly because I’ve hardly ever been ill. That said, I did attend a firstaid course last year, so if anyone has an accident, I know what to do! Well, in theory anyway … • My family has always said cooking is very important. That’s why they have insisted I help in the kitchen from an early age. It’s more than survival, it’s about being able to show hospitality as well. • All of these skills are quite important, aren’t they? However, if you made me pick the most important, I’d say money management. You really need to be able to budget and live within your means. 2 1 B (I’m cross with myself as all the other students seem to be so on top of it.) 2 A (Oh it shouldn’t, you know – I think everyone has the same response when they leave home. I know I didn’t have a hot meal for weeks because I didn’t know how to cook. Thing is, getting on top of all that is vital – I’m sure you realise that if you’re looking after yourself properly, it’s easier to concentrate. So although things like cooking, washing, getting yourself registered with a doctor of whatever seem like trivial things compared to your work, having those things organised ends up being critical to how well you do. Do you want me to help you?) 3 B (I did have second thoughts about if we were really ready for this, like if we understand enough about how the local market does business.) 4 A (what’s more likely to happen is that the new offices operate as a kind of satellite. So rather than us becoming more culturally international in fact, we’re all just operating as we were before) 5 C (What I’m suggesting is that we need to recognise that and put more funding behind it.) 6 A (In fact, think there’s much more realisation now that the arts need to be supported and that they enhance the sciences rather than being a polar opposite.)

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 3 1 a quality 2 something about herself 3 an activity 4 a thing or person 5 a quality or thing 6 a feeling 7 a skill, talent or ability 8 a way of travelling 4 1 essential (most of the people in my office would regard it as essential) 2 thinking (I was aware that my thinking was starting to shift) 3 camping (we were … camping while elephants and lions prowled around us) 4 relationships (I’ve had the opportunity to truly increase my understanding of relationships) 5 sense of humour (I would put a sense of humour at the top of my list.) 6 confusion (we all get bogged down at work when we … experience confusion) 7 patience (I now have much more patience that I had before) 8 long haul (it’s the long haul trips that reward you most in terms of skills for your career.) 5 Possible answer I’ll always remember the time I went to stay with a friend’s family when I was younger because it taught me about how different families are. The other family was far more relaxed than mine. For example, they didn’t usually eat together, unlike at my home where everyone eats every meal together. Some of the meals were a bit spicy for my taste, but it was great to try something different.

SPEAKING 1 Possible answers Long turn • Remember that the questions asked by the examiner are printed on your sheet. • Work through the task logically. • Give examples, using discourse markers and linking words. • Try not to leave long silences. • Don’t worry about talking too long because the examiner will stop you if you go over the time limit. • You will need to use your imagination to speculate. • You only need to compare two of the three pictures and answer a question. • Don’t describe the pictures but try to give a balanced long turn, comparing and contrasting them (talking about things that are similar and different) before answering the question. Listening candidate’s question – part of long turn • Try not to give a short answer. • Don’t give a lengthy answer or repeat the other candidate’s task. • State your choice and give a reason with a little detail. • If you refer to what your partner has said, try to add in your own opinion or rephrase. Collaborative task • Don’t give alternating long turns. Examiners are looking at how you interact with the other candidate. • Remember to ask for your partner’s opinion, listen to what they say, and relate your comments back to theirs. • Don’t dominate the conversation. Instead, encourage your partner to participate. • At the end of the collaborative task, you will be asked to select or prioritise one prompt that you agree on. Don’t repeat or summarise the discussion you have just had; think carefully about the wording of the new question. Justify your selection by giving reasons and examples. Don’t worry if you disagree or don’t have time to make a final choice. Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

Discussion • Try to develop your answers by giving reasons and examples. • Remember that you can comment on your partner’s answers and even develop it into a discussion, but don’t interrupt before they have given a full answer. • A question can be addressed to one student or to both students. If addressed to one, the other student should allow time for the first student to give a full answer and can then join in the discussion if they have something to say. If the question is addressed to both (usually by a gesture indicating ‘please discuss’), candidates should discuss the question together from the start. 2 Possible answers 1 Let me see, the best part of the day would probably be the English class, as I have this really inspiring teacher who manages to make learning quite fun. 2 I’m quite lucky in that I get a lot of time with my friends at school and we also play in the same basketball team. However, to be honest, I don’t get as much time with my family as I’d like because everyone has such a packed schedule. 3 My top pick would probably be Ireland. What appeals to me is the combination of the picturesque scenery, the friendly locals and the toe-tapping music. 4 Something I’m particularly proud of would be running a 10K race. I wasn’t very fit when I started training, which made it especially satisfying to complete. 5 I’m not a big fan of surprises to be honest. I much prefer being aware of what’s around the corner. 6 Absolutely. I often seem to feel really gloomy on grey days, and then when the sun comes out, I can feel myself cheering up. 7 I tried online learning recently by enrolling in an online course. As well as learning about photography, which was the focus, I was also able to connect with other amateur photographers from all over the world. 8 I recently got my first part-time job. It’s a fantastic feeling earning my own money and I hope it is a stepping stone to greater things! 3 Possible answer Page 139 A: The wedding would have certainly have taken a great deal of preparation. The bride and groom would have had to book a venue, send out invitations, buy outfits, organise the catering – and that’s just the start of it. To compare that to the picture of the driving test, I’d guess that the driver has spent time doing a different kind of preparation – probably practising, perhaps having some lessons with a professional driving instructor to get her up to scratch. I suppose the couple might have done some practice too. People often have wedding rehearsals the day before so that everyone is clear on where to stand and what to say. In both pictures, the people look pretty happy. I’d say from their expressions that the couple are absolutely elated, whereas the driver is feeling more of a sense of satisfaction at her achievement. B: I’d have to say the wedding, because it’s a monumental and life-changing occasion that is shared with your significant other as well as family and friends. 4 Possible answer A: Where shall we start? B: How about ‘being a professional football player’. That’s a dream lots of people have because of the fame and fortune, not to mention the fans. A: You’re right that there’s a lot of perceived glamour. Even so, the reality is that top footballers have to train extensively and it would be hard work keeping your body in peak condition. B: Absolutely, and I’ll add here that there would be an extraordinary amount of pressure to perform, and criticism if you miss a shot or get a red card. 3

STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY A: So, to move to the next prompt, some of the things we’ve talked about would apply to winning an Olympic gold medal, wouldn’t they? A lot of commitment and determination goes into that one moment in the spotlight. B: Yes, and speaking of commitment, ‘becoming a princess’ is a big one. The dream sounds like you’ll be in a position to travel the world and mix in the circles of the rich and famous, and make a real difference for charities you care about. But when it comes down to it, the intense media scrutiny must be exhausting. A: Mmm, wherever you go, you’re recognised, photographed, chased, scrutinised for the tiniest slip up. B: The reality doesn’t sound as good as the dream, does it? A: Certainly not. And to talk about treating animals, well I think that’s quite a worthy dream. Someone treating animals could make a real difference. It’s the perfect job for every animal lover. B: Yet the reality is that you’d see and have to do some very unpleasant things. At times, you’d be dealing with highly distressed animals, not to mention their owners. A: Finally, working as a firefighter, well the dream is that you’d be saving lives. B: And I don’t doubt that they do, yet there must be a lot of frustration over fires that could have been avoided. A: And seeing people lose their possessions or worse … Decision phase A: For me, it seems like it’s between either working as a firefighter or treating sick animals. That’s because they’re getting their hands dirty, they’re right in there helping and making a difference every day of their work. B: I see what you mean. It’s helping others that would make the ambition rewarding. So, looking at the others, I think the sportspeople could be helping others too. They might be a role model for young people, for instance going into schools to give motivational talks and the like. I think that would lead to a lot of satisfaction. A: Also, you can’t ignore the princess. Lots of royals devote their lives to visiting people in need and championing charitable causes. B: It seems that each one of these professions could be rewarding in their own way. A: But at a push to pick one, I’d still go with the firefighter I think because I doubt there could be anything that could be more rewarding than saving a life. B: I’m willing to agree with that. 5 Possible answer (First prompt) A: When I was little, I thought I had a good chance of becoming the president. A lofty ambition, I know! What appealed to me most was the chance to make a difference to the poor. B: I’m sure you’ll be able to affect positive change even if you don’t reach those heights! As for me, I wanted to own my own bakery because I just loved the idea of eating loads of fresh bread. A: Are you still keen on that idea? B: Funnily enough, I work part-time at a bakery but I’m planning to study medicine next year, so it would be fair to say that my ambitions have changed over time. A: I guess that it’s really common to move on from certain ambitions as you get older. B: You’re absolutely right. Even so, I’m always impressed when people have a dream as a child and then they see it through as an adult …

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

WRITING 1 Possible answers • I think it’s crucial to check and revise what you write. I’ve often picked up little mistakes that I can easily correct when I proofread my work. • For me, the most important thing is minimising distractions. A quiet place is a start, and I have to be very disciplined about not checking my mobile phone as well. 2 1 In your college you would like to set up an international newsletter to connect and share ideas with students in other countries. You decide to write a proposal to your College Principal, explaining why you think the newsletter would benefit the college and its students. In your proposal you should outline the purpose of the newsletter and what it should contain, describe how the newsletter could be managed and explain why it would be beneficial to the college and its students. 2 An online TV magazine is interested in audience views on what makes a good TV channel. You decide to write a review of the TV channel you watch the most. In your review, outline the type of programmes the channel shows, the quality of its programmes, who it appeals to and how it compares to other channels. 3 Our town has wonderful sites, buildings and activities for tourists but visitor numbers are decreasing. This is a serious issue as it will end up affect the economy of the whole town. You decide to write a letter to the editor of the newspaper describing a tourist site in your town, explaining why you think it is losing visitors and suggesting how it could be improved to attract more visitors. 3–4 1 to persuade 2 modals, present and future tenses, conditionals 3 describing, explaining, suggesting, proposing, recommending 4 student/school interests, relationships 5 formal with sub-headings and clear paragraphs 5 Grammar review: present tenses, descriptive adjectives letter: present and future tenses, modals Language functions review: describing, persuading, explaining, comparing letter: describing, suggesting, explaining Topic vocabulary review: TV programmes, movies letter: tourism and tourist sites Text features review: informal, clear paragraphs, engaging letter: reason for writing, formal/semi-formal, clear layout, clear recommendation at the end

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STUDENT’S BOOK ANSWER KEY 8–9 Model answers 1 Proposal Introduction The purpose of this proposal is to suggest an international newsletter for our college. In this proposal, I will outline why we should have a newsletter, suggested content, processes for management of the newsletter, and possible benefits. Purpose and benefits of a newsletter The rationale behind the newsletter is to make connections with students in other countries and exchange views. The newsletter would give us a platform to share creative works and advice, and learn more about different ways of living. It would also be a beneficial project experience for the newsletter team as we would gain valuable work experience. Newsletter content In the newsletter, we would publish articles, stories, art and photography by college students at our school, and from around the world. We propose a range of topics are covered, from international study tips to easy recipes. In discussions with interested students, it has been recommended that we also include an advice column. Managing the newsletter I suggest that the newsletter is written and edited by a student team. I am willing to set up this team and oversee the newsletter for the remainder of the year. I would envisage setting up a social media page to advertise and gather contributions for the newsletter from teenagers from around the globe. The newsletter would be published electronically in order to save printing costs and enable easy distribution. Summary Overall, this newsletter would be beneficial to the readers, contributors and student team. I would encourage you to accept our proposal so that we can move forward with connecting formally with our peers in the global community. 2 Review We are spoilt for choice when it comes to TV channels these days, but there is only one stand-out channel for me – Local Seven. Local Seven has a range of shows from news to drama to comedy. What makes it really special is that over half the content is made right here in my city. That means that it isn’t unusual to spot someone I know on there which definitely makes the programmes much more interesting. Reality TV is also heavily featured and I find it hilarious and occasionally nailbiting to watch how all the drama unfolds. I would rate the quality as a bit of a mixed bag, but don’t let that put you off! On the one hand, some of the local content suffers from the low-budget constraints. The special effects aren’t convincing, and the camera work sometimes leaves much to be desired. Even so, in a strange sort of way, these shortcomings are charming. Let’s just say that this emphasises this is our channel, made by us for us. Unsurprisingly, the biggest audience for Local Seven are the people who live here. They try to include something to appeal for all age groups at different times of day. Compared to the national and international channels, Local Seven might seem a little bit amateur. But it more than makes up for it by being a stage for our own local voices! Overall, Local Seven is well worth watching if you ever pay our city a visit, although you might need a local guide to explain some of our slang!

Gold Experience C1 © Pearson Education Limited 2018

2ND EDITION

C1

3 Letter Dear Madam, With reference to your article about how tourist numbers are declining, I wish to offer my perspective. In my view, there are many steps which could be taken to turn this worrying trend around, especially in regard to our city’s lake. In the past, the lake has been a very popular visitor attraction. However, in recent years, the lack of maintenance and litter have caused it to lose its reputation as a pleasant attraction. The first step I would suggest is to ensure that the paths are better maintained. The walking circuit used to be extremely popular, however, it has become overgrown and the shrubs need trimming back urgently. If expense is an issue, perhaps a call for volunteers could go out. Next, the issue of litter could be tackled. I have been disappointed to discover that the rubbish bins are only emptied monthly, which has led to overflowing bins and litter blowing into the lake. I would recommend we hold a ‘Clean the Lake’ day, perhaps in conjunction with a local school. More rubbish bins should be provided by the city council to avoid the lake getting in such a state again. Finally, I think we need to have a forum on water quality. What was a swimmable lake a few years ago has now become a health hazard. With the right expert advice and investment, we could return the lake to the happy playground it was for locals and visitors alike. By putting these changes into action, I have no doubt that we will be able to reverse the trend and see visitors return to the lake. Yours faithfully,

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