English As A Lifestyle: How To Stop Learning English and Start Living It [PDF]

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English as a lifestyle: How to Stop Learning English and Start Living It

y b k o o b Work Marina o k l i g o M

INTRODUCTION Hi there! Have you ever become bored with learning English? Is it difficult for you to keep focused on doing exercises? Do you often have to force yourself to find time for English classes? English learners will answer yes to at least one of these questions. This usually happens when you are losing or have already lost motivation to study. When one lacks motivation, it can be hard to make progress, and the stagnation can actually lead to the idea that English is too difficult to learn. But it's not! The purpose of this workbook is to show that you can learn English without forcing yourself. The process can be fulfilling, you just need to find an approach to studying that works for you. In this handbook, I will try to reawaken your willingness to learn the language. You will find tips and life hacks on how to keep motivated to learn English and to do so in a fun way! Many pieces of advice in this book can be applied not just to Shakespeare's language. Who knows, maybe, thanks to the workbook, you will start your path to becoming a polyglot!

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CONTENT § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § §

Goals, Goals and More Goals……….…………………………………………………………………………….. Defining a Strategy………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Your Starting Point.…………………………………………………..……………………………..……………………….. Tracking Your Results: a Unique Tracker for Learning English…..………………….. Roadmap: How to Move Through the Workbook ………………………..……………………. How to Surround Yourself with English…………..………………………………..………………………. Why is it Effective to Learn English from Movies and TV Shows?..……….………. Selection of TV Shows………………………………………………..……………………………..……………………. Selection of Movies………………………………………………..……………………………..………………….…..…. Why aren't Movies and Shows Divided into Different Levels?…………………..….. Using Subtitles……………..…………………….………..………………….…..……………………………….……………. Quotes from TV Shows in English…..…………………….………..………………….…..………..………… Life Hacks and Rules for Watching Movies and Series………………………………….… Selection of Youtube Channels…..…………………….………..………………….…..………….…………. How to Watch Videos to get The Maximum Benefit…..…….………….……..……….... Selection of Podcasts.…..…………………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……………… Learn English with Audio Series………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..…………… Using Instagram Advantageously………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..………. Listening to Music and Singing Songs….………..…………..…..…………………….………..………. Reading in English….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..……………………….. Selection of English Reading Material.……………………..……….….………..………………………. Studying New Vocabulary…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..……………………… Grammar Checklists..………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..……………………… English Tenses…………….………..………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..……………………….. Signal Words.…………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………. Articles..…………….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………………….. Modal Verbs…….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..…………………………………. Reported Speech…..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..…………………………………. Conditionals…..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..……………………………………………. Verbs with Prepositions…………………….………..……….….………..…………………………………………… Adjectives with Prepositions………….………..……….….………..……………………………………………. Phrasal Verbs.….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………………… 30 Days of Grammar Practice………………….………..……….….………..………………………………… Answer Keys..….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..………………………………….. Final Thoughts...….………..…………..…..…………………….………..……….….………..……………………………..

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GOALS, GOALS AND MORE GOALS So, you have decided to improve your English. The question is where to start? The learning process can become chaotic and confusing if you do not state, clear intentions. That’s why the first thing you should do is to establish goals. Why are you learning English? Everyone has their own reasons. What are yours? Are you planning to study abroad? Are you going to travel or take a business trip to an English-speaking country? Define your motivation. This will help you to plan for success and keep you on track. When formulating your goal, it is important to take into account the following principles:

1 Be specific. Although the goal “learn English in a year” has a deadline, it is still vague and does not provide a specific measurable understanding. Here are a couple of examples of clearly stated goals: •

Prepare for TOEFL in six months and score 115 or above

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Go from A1 to B1 in a year

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Learn 100 new words in a week

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Read one book in English per month

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2 Realism. The goal should inspire you, not discourage you. If the goal is too big or complicated for you, then it is worth splitting it into subcategories that can be achieved in a short period of time. There is only one way to eat an elephant: one bite at a time! Here is an example of breaking up a goal into more manageable tasks. Be fluent in English in a year: •

Learn the 50 most common English verbs in one month.

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Learn to have a two-minute conversation on three topics in four months.

Now you know why it is important to set a goal and how to formulate one correctly. It's time to write your own. Let's write one in English. I want to learn English to prepare for the TOEFL in six months and pass it with 115 points or more I want to learn English to have a two-minute conversation on three topics in four months I want to achieve an advanced level of English in 5 months to get a job in a foreign company I want to learn English to Hooray! You've set your goal!

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DEFINING A STRATEGY "Strategy without tactics is the slowest route to victory. Tactics without strategy is the noise before defeat," wrote Sun Tzu in his epic work The Art of War. Although you won’t have to fight with anyone, the words of the Chinese thinker are true in learning a new language. So after setting goals and deadlines, it's time to decide how exactly you will approach learning English. Here are the most popular ways to learn a language:

WITH A TUTOR One-on-one lessons with a teacher are a quick way to learn a language. You will not be able to avoid doing homework or difficult exercises. The advantage of working with a tutor is that they will build a more personalized lesson that takes your strengths and weaknesses into account. They will also be able to adapt to your schedule and pace of learning. Cons: The perfect match does not always happen on the first try, you won’t communicate with different people, you won’t hear different accents and opinions.

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ENGLISH COURSES Usually, group classes in language schools include between four to eight students — the fewer people, the better. For the learning process to be more efficient, look for courses with a native English teacher with experience in teaching English. The advantage of such courses is that they are cheaper than classes with a tutor, there is a strict schedule, you can meet other people and quickly overcome the language barrier. On the other hand, other people in the group might have a different learning rate and you won’t be able to adjust the class time to your schedule .

ON YOUR OWN This method is for the most disciplined and persistent students because it requires great motivation, even more than in the classroom. What is convenient in this approach is that you do not depend on anyone, you have minimum expenses, and can study anytime and anywhere. Among the drawbacks is the lack of practice (e.g. speaking) and feedback, no one will check your pronunciation and work. Also, studying alone is boring and there is a high risk of losing the battle to procrastination. Tip: Use a textbook in addition to lessons with a tutor or courses. At this stage, it is important to choose what suits you best in all respects: financially, time and approach. It is not necessary to use only one strategy, you can combine them. Which option is more suitable for you?

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YOUR STARTING POINT Before diving into the world of learning English, let’s first evaluate your current level. There is an obvious benefit to taking tests to determine your level of English. First, they increase motivation. Often after passing a test, the “faster, higher, stronger” mode is turned on. People want the results to show the desired advancement and be able to gain more confidence. Secondly, such tests help to choose the right strategy. Knowing where you are on your language path will help you decide where to go next. For example, what material to choose, what group to sign up for, what movies to watch — the answer depends on where you are now. When the results improve, the level of your English proficiency becomes better. Additionally, when you know your initial position, it is easier to track progress, which is an integral part of learning a language. . Duolingo test can help to define your starting point. It takes about an hour to complete. After taking it, move to the next chapter in this book.

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TRACKING YOUR RESULTS: A UNIQUE TRACKER FOR LEARNING ENGLISH In order to stay on schedule, track your results and progress, you can use a universal habit tracker. It will also help you to avoid plateaus, an unpleasant, yet normal, occurrence in which you get stuck at one level for a long time. Weekly Tracker

HABIT TRACKER Mo

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Monthly Tracker

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Year-long Tracker I promise myself to practice English for 30 minutes every day Mo

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ROADMAP: HOW TO MOVE THROUGH THE WORKBOOK Learning English is a big undertaking. Like any project, your studies will begin with planning to make it easier to learn consistently. A roadmap will help you get closer to your goal, make learning plans and monitor their implementation — a graphical display of your path to the goal that includes the main checkpoints. After passing a stage, tick it off your roadmap and do not forget to praise yourself, because you did a great job! Now that we've gotten all of our prep work behind us, it's time to dive in! Click on the "start" icon and let's go!

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HOW TO SURROUND YOURSELF WITH ENGLISH The first commandment for an English learner: if you want to do it as efficiently and quickly as possible, surround yourself with as much English as possible. Grammar and vocabulary are, without a doubt, an integral part of speaking and writing in any language. However, when you start surrounding yourself with information from the real world — listening to the news, watching movies in the language you are learning — only then will you make a truly noticeable breakthrough in understanding it. There are a lot of ways to surround yourself with English, but the most enjoyable ones, of course, are with the help of sources of entertainment: movies, series, books, blogs and YouTube videos

WHY IS IT EFFECTIVE TO LEARN ENGLISH FROM MOVIES AND TV SHOWS? When watching your favorite movies and TV shows, you do not get bored as quickly as while doing grammar exercises — this is usually a fun and thrilling way to spend your time. In TV shows and movies, there are many phrasal verbs and words from the vocabulary of an average American or English person being used. They are much rarer to come across in textbooks. It is the knowledge of such vocabulary that brings our English closer to the cherished Advanced level! In addition, foreign movies and TV series show the customs and traditions of Americans and Brits. We have collected all the most relevant, interesting, and useful movies and TV series for you. Find the time and watch them!

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SELECTION OF TV SHOWS Suits This show takes place in a fictional law firm at New York. The series is about a self-taught lawyer who pretends to be a Harvard graduate and one of the best lawyers in the city.

Stranger Things The series is set in the fictional town of Hawkins in the 1980s. The plot follows a group of kids and teens whose world is turned upside down when one of their friends goes missing. The series is about villains, monsters, and even another world.

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GLOW At the center of the plot is a girl named Ruth, who all her life has dreamed of becoming a famous actress. But life had other plans and gave her a role in a series about female wrestlers. So Ruth finds herself in a world of bouffant hair, glitter, and spandex.

Big Bang Theory The main characters of the series are physicists-geeks. They know everything about the universe but are absolutely helpless in communicating with the opposite sex. The situation changes when an aspiring actress and waitress named Penny moves next door.

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Why Women Kill The series follows the stories of three women from different decades: a housewife in the 1960s, a socialite in the 1980s, and a lawyer in the 2010s. Times are different, the problem is the same. Are the reactions of the women similar?

Big Little Lies What can unites five women from a California town? Brunches, love of shopping or jogging in the morning? A murder?

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Silicon Valley This is a comedy about young IT techs who are desperately trying to come up with a breakthrough startup. They all live under the same roof of an eccentric entrepreneur.

House of Cards This acclaimed series is about political games, lies, power and greed. Although it is a drama, it also features some of the inner workings of American politics.

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Game of Thrones This is a series with many characters and several storylines. The Seven Kingdoms fight for the power of the Iron Throne while an exiled princess from an overthrown dynasty tries to claim what is rightfully hers. This is a story about human passions, the lust for power, political intrigues, and the fate of despotic rulers.

Black Mirror The main focus of the series is the impact of modern technology on human life. This frightening series is about what life in a society dependent on gadgets can turn into.

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The Morning Show What happens behind the scenes of morning talk shows? In the series, you will find the answer. Based on real life situations, ambition, controversy and the battle for ratings, this show demonstrates what happens behind the bright smiles we see every morning on TV.

Thirteen Reasons Why Why would a schoolgirl decide to commit suicide? The show follows a fellow classmate as he discovers the 13 reasons why the girl has taken her life.

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The Crown The series is a chronicle of the life of Queen Elizabeth II. It’s about the political rivalry and behind-thescenes intrigue that become part of the life of the ruler. The different seasons of the show follow her life during different obstacles and eras, starting with the beginning of her reign.

Peaky Blinders This is the story of one family that runs the most feared and powerful local gang and has gained worldwide popularity. It’s a crime drama, starring Cillian Murphy, about the life of English gangsters in the 1920s.

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Friends It’s one of the best comedy series in the history of American television. The plot revolves around six friends who live in New York City as they navigate their lives together. This series has it all: ridiculous stories, killer jokes, support, and love.

Sex And The City This is a story of four friends who look at life differently but overcome their problems together. The series shows their daily life, experiences and search for love. Enjoy funny situations and interesting dialogues from confident and frank ladies.

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And Just Like That… This new show is a continuation of the cult series "Sex and the City". This series is a great opportunity to check in with the beloved characters of the original series as they experience love, loss and New York as middle-aged women.

Emily in Paris American girl Emily, goes to work in Paris. The series follows her experiences with culture shock and adjusting to the French way of life. It’s a light series about adventures with new colleagues, friends, and lovers.

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Sherlock The heroes of Arthur Conan Doyle’s works, Sherlock Holmes and John Watson, are transported to the modern world. Unexplained crimes are taking place in London and the police are powerless. Sherlock and John help in solving complicated and confusing cases.

True Detective The first season of the series tells the story of partners who are investigating a murder in Louisiana. The second is about police officers investigating the death of a politician. In the third season, an aging detective recalls the circumstances of a murder which happened in 1980.

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White Collar "To solve the most intricate crime, you need to hire the best criminal" — that phrase perfectly describes the plot. To catch major criminals, the police ask one of them for help.

How I Met Your Mother In 2030, the main character gathers his children together and tells them a long story about meeting their mother. The story begins at his friends' wedding when he decides to find true love. Thus begins a series of relationships with a variety of girls, each of whom he imagines as a potential wife.

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The Walking Dead The zombie apocalypse is already here. The world, in its current form, no longer exists. This is what the main character finds when he wakes up from a coma. After realizing what's happened, he remembers his wife and child. Now his goal is to find his family.

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SELECTION OF MOVIES Forrest Gump The main character, Forrest Gump, is a simple, kind, open-hearted, and unsophisticated man. The movie follows his life and his incredible accomplishments throughout important moments in American culture. But the only thing he dreams about is the love of his childhood friend, Jenny.

Pretty Woman It’s a love story between a rich man and a poor woman. The main character is left without a roof over her head and is forced to work as as a lady of the night. One day her life changes. She meets a millionaire who becomes something more than just a client ...

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The Mask This bright movie stars the king of comedy, Jim Carrey. A mask, found by chance, changes the life of a shy bank employee. When he puts it on, he becomes a completely different person, insane and invincible.

The Shawshank Redemption The main character is a bank employee who is mistakenly sentenced to life imprisonment. To avoid the cruelties of prison, he starts working in the library at the prison. After 20 years, he receives confirmation that he was convicted by mistake and prepares an escape plan.

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Groundhog Day Time in the life of the main character has stopped. Every day is February 2 and he lives through the same events over and over again. He is trying to reap the benefits from his comical position and live life to the fullest. Until he has one cherished, simple wish left — February 3.

Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone Harry, an orphan boy, has lived in the house of his cruel aunt and uncle for 10 years. One day, a giant bursts into his life with interesting news. It turns out the boy is a wizard. Now young Harry will have to learn the world of witchcraft and wizardry, and face many challenges.

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The Holiday It’s the story of two heartbroken women. They find each other online and decide to swap their lives through a house exchange. This vacation starts a new chapter in the lives of both heroines.

The Lake House The main character decides to move from a lake house to the bustling city. Before that, she leaves a note in the mailbox for the future owner of the house. After a while, the girl decides to visit the old house and sees a letter in the mailbox. It was an answer to her letter from the son of the architect of the house. That’s how their romantic relationship begins.

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Love actually The movie shows nine parallel storylines a month before Christmas. Absolutely all the characters and their stories are intricately intertwined with each other. The main message is that love is everywhere and that loving someone may be the bravest thing we can do.

The Terminal This is a story about a man who gets stuck at a New York airport. The protagonist's visa is canceled while he was still in flight, so he cannot go through customs, but he cannot fly back either, because all flights to his country have been canceled. Now his home is the terminal.

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The Matrix The main character, Neo, learns that the world in which people live is just a computer virtual reality controlled by machines. Machines keep people in a state of hallucination in order to feed on their energy. Neo takes the side of the fight against Artificial Intelligence to return freedom to humanity.

Pulp Fiction A comedy with elements of drama. The movie tells about two hitmen who, in between jobs, tell each other stories from their lives. So three stories are unfolding, each of them is funny and tragic at the same time.

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Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl The charismatic and desperate pirate Jack Sparrow sets off on a journey on the ship the Black Pearl. One day, the ship is attacked and the daughter of the local governor is taken prisoner. Jack Sparrow leads the rescue operation.

The King’s Speech In 1925, the Duke of York speaks to the stadium of spectators and radio listeners. He suffers from a stuttering problem, so the performance goes terribly — long pauses, some of the words are incomprehensible. So he takes a series of classes with different speech therapists. Everything is useless. Until a speech therapist from Austria with an extraordinary approach appears in the life of the Duke.

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Click A workaholic architect works hard to get promoted, and he has no time for family. One day, he finds a remote control that can fast-forward his life. After playing for a while, the main character realizes that he did not prioritize correctly and fast-forwarded through important moments in his life. He'll have to make up for the lost time.

Marley and Me The calm life of a young couple, who have everything planned for years to come, is disturbed by one event. They adopted a puppy, not just any dog, but an uncontrollable labrador. It is the dog that becomes the main test in the life of the couple.

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Home Alone After a fight with his parents on Christmas Eve, Kevin wishes they would disappear from his life. In the morning, the whole family of the boy leaves for vacation, forgetting to take Kevin with them. On top of that, the main character's house becomes the target of robbers, but Kevin is smart about it and protects his home.

WHY AREN'T MOVIES AND SHOWS DIVIDED INTO DIFFERENT LEVELS? When creating a movie, directors and screenwriters do not think “Well, what level of English is it suitable for?”. So lists of movies for different levels are often created on the basis of subjective opinion. There is a basic principle: if you want to watch something easier, choose examples from the lists above. More difficult are genres such as fantasy, adventure or about a certain profession or area (politics, business, finance, and so on).

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USING SUBTITLES You can turn on subtitles, but it is recommended to you watch without them if possible. It is important to follow what is happening in the scene and not be distracted by the words below. Instead of reading lines, take a better look at the actors: watch for expressions on their faces. After all, in real life, people use body language, which you will also have to master because charm and charisma play a key role in building business and friendships. ! When should I start watching TV series in English without subtitles? When you want to train your ears, learn modern vocabulary and slang. There is also a compromise: turn on subtitles when you really need them and then turn them off.

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QUOTES FROM TV SHOWS IN ENGLISH Watching TV shows in English is great because you are both studying and being entertained! However, it's not only about improving your listening skills. You can also improve your spoken English and your knowledge of language use in everyday life. For example, imagine yourself at an appointment with an American doctor. You are trying to explain why you came and what you need help with. In this moment, you will thank heaven for eight seasons of House. So, here is a selection of phrases that will definitely come in handy when talking with native speakers.

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I never gave up on you. Told ya! Later! Get back here. Step right up, ladies and gentlemen! Keep your voice down. He has nothing to do with this. Do I make myself clear? Geez! We got a deal? I’ll be damned!

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• • • • • • • •

Men are gonna come along and teach you things. What are we supposed to do with her? There’s hardly a scratch on her. It’s a goddamn miracle. I doubt she’ll see it that way. You understand, dear, your mother’s passed on? You know what that means, don’t you? It’s interesting, go on.

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My friends and I were obsessed with Gossip Girl. Fake it till you make it. So, you’re single in Paris? How are you enjoying Paris? You’re not wearing the perfume. I will keep all of that in mind for our marketing materials. I am looking for a friendly face to talk to. I hope to become a valuable member of your team.

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• • • • • • • • •

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I need to get out of this! This network has every right to terminate you. Someone else could be in the driver’s seat. She is throwing me under the bus. We are facing the biggest crisis in our history. I don’t fit the mold. It’s barely news! Your words spoke to America. My life just ended for no good reason.

I’m dumping you. For her. It’s not about money, it’s my vocation. My mum doesn’t do boyfriends. I had a mental breakdown. I just have no room in my life for dating. Have you dropped something? No? Why are you eyeballing the ground, then? I had just had my eyebrows done, and I was looking on fleek. Dancing is not really my thing. For shits and giggles. Well, you won't be snogging anyone tonight. If you chicken out now, The Wild Bunch is gone for good!

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• • • • • • • • • •

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Gallaghers are a lot of things but no one says we back down from a challenge. If we weren’t so screwed we wouldn’t ask for your help. Dude almost drowned me in my own hot tub. You don’t have to help us. I am taking my time with this. I took what was mine. I’m not fishing for a pep talk. No pun intended. Silver lining? Finally, have the house for ourselves. For the record, I do not want to be sent to a place like this.

As soon as I post this, you're gonna get a load of new followers. What's your handle? Now that I'm back, I'm gonna feature your finstas, surface those subtweets, and crack your caches. I haven't been seeing you around the school very much. I'm trying to keep a low profile. And if she were to leave, Obie would just pine for her like the puppy he is. Oh, these are gorg. I don't need you to pile on too, Max. I am exhausted.

Well, how many new phrases did you come across? You've probably never seen a lot of them before. Below you will find tips on how to get the most out of a TV show or movie. Keep reading!

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LIFE HACKS AND RULES FOR WATCHING MOVIES AND SERIES Choose TV shows based on two criteria: language level and interests. Choosing a show or movie based on the level of English is pretty straightforward: the language in The Simpsons and House M.D. is different. To understand what suits you best, you just need to listen to their dialogues. If it's too difficult or you don't feel challenged enough, you will have to look for something simpler or more difficult. Choose a story according to your interests. Do you dream of working as a lawyer in Washington, finding investments for your own IT startup, or taking Hollywood by storm? Then look for a series on these topics. It is not necessary to look up every unfamiliar word in a dictionary. If you come across a new word, try to find it in a picture search. This will help you to associate the word with an image, making it easier to remember. If you use a dictionary, try the Cambridge Dictionary or Oxford Dictionaries. Slow down playback speed. There are moments when actors in a movie or TV series speak too fast and you can't catch the line. Of course, you can read the subtitles, but you shouldn't ignore listening comprehension. Streaming services like Kinopoisk, Netflix, and Amazon Prime Video have a playback speed control function. There is nothing shameful in watching a moment that you did not understand at a speed of 0.5 or even 0.25. If you do not use streaming platforms, then there is another option — to install a special browser extension. For example, for the Google Chrome browser, use SpeedUp extensions, Netflix, Prime videos, or Video Speed Controller.

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Template for new vocabulary from TV shows and movies. Word/Phrase

Meaning in English

Example

Drip

Cool and stylish outfit

Look at Emma’s drip! She is so gorgeous.

Task: watch a movie from the selection above and write a review about it.

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SELECTION OF YOUTUBE CHANNELS BUSINESS AND NEWS The Economist. This channel provides information and opinion on international news, politics, business, finance, science, technology, and connections between them. Forbes. About business, entrepreneurship, investment, and leadership. The channel has a lot of success stories of people who influence our world in one way or another. Business Insider. A channel about everything related to business: global technologies, finance, markets, and strategies. Google Small Business. This channel is about business and great for business owners. Small business owners can get tips, tools, and resources to grow their business online. Stanford Graduate School of Business. An educational channel featuring the ideas of the world's leading educators and famous guest speakers. By watching their videos, you can feel like a member of the Stanford GSB community. GaryVee. Gary is an entrepreneur. He helps brands from the Fortune 1000 list. On his channel, Gary shares business tips and motivational videos.

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EDUCATIONAL CHANNELS The School of Life. The goal of this channel is to help people live more peacefully. On the channel, you will find videos about how to understand yourself, improve your relationships and become more self-confident when you face difficulties. TED-ed. An educational channel with short films on various topics. All videos are created by teachers and animators. The material is presented in simple and accessible English. Big Think. A source for useful educational content prepared by experts. Channel experts are leaders in their fields and talk about ideas and skills that are important in the 21st century. The Financial Diet. This financial literacy channel won't make won't make you want to cry. You can find everything you need to know about money and how to live better. It will be clear even for a beginner. CrashCourse. This channel has short educational videos on different topics from school subjects to social sciences, psychology, and media. OverSimplified. Subjects talked about on this channel can be quite complex, like revolution and war, in super simple language. Timeline World History Documentaries. This channel is about world history. The channel's creators feature unique documentaries and series from leading broadcasters including the BBC, Channel 4, Discovery, and PBS. VOX. This channel will help break through the break through all the noise and understand what drives the events in the headlines and in our lives.

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ENTERTAINMENT CHANNELS Saturday Night Live. Here you'll find your favorite sketches, behind-the-scenes clips, and exclusives featuring your favorite hosts and actors. Jimmy Kimmel Live. On this channel, you can watch excerpts of interviews from the late-night talk show of the same name. On the show, Hollywood stars share stories and have fun. The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon. One more channel with excerpts of funny moments from the show is from another Jimmy: comedy sketches, musical parodies, interviews with celebrities, fun games, and a look backstage. TheEllenShow. Excerpts from the daytime show "The Ellen DeGeneres Show": comedy, celebrities, music artists, and interesting stories. The Late Late Show with James Corden. This channel has videos where stars sing karaoke, improvise and play games with the host.

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FASHION AND CULTURE Rolling Stone. Music, culture, and entertainment. The channel has a lot of exclusive interviews, live performances, and pop culture news. Vanity Fair. Here you can find talks about people, places, and ideas that define contemporary culture. The channel broadcasts about everything in the contemporary world: from art and entertainment to business, politics, and international relations. i-D. This channel is devoted to fashion, culture, individuality, and youth. It spotlights unique and diverse perspectives to engage in fashion and youth culture. Vogue. A channel about fashion in the context of culture and the modern world. The channel shows how fashion affects the way we dress, live and communicate; what we eat, what we listen to and watch. CineFix. An educational and entertaining channel about cinema. Movie buffs will appreciate it.

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TECHNOLOGY The Verge. A team of journalists explores how technology will change lives in the future. The channel features product reviews, technology news, and so on. CNET. A channel that helps with navigation in the changing world of technology. With the help of this channel, you will find out what new developments appear in the areas of modern life, like healthcare, home, money, culture, the environment, and others. Tech Insider. Here you will learn everything you need to know about technology today: gadgets, manuals, games, digital culture and much more. TKOR. The name of the channel stands for "The King of Random". Videos are dedicated to exploring life through all sorts of life hacks, experiments, and random weekend projects.

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DIFFERENT TOPICS CollegeHumor. Comedy channel. The channel also has a lot of sketches, quirky clips, web series, etc. High on Life. A channel for those who want to fall in love with life again. The videos on the channel are devoted to different topics, but they are similar in one thing — they inspire you to go out and explore the world. Mark Weins. The owner of the channel, Mark, has found an obvious benefit from travel — the opportunity to taste food from all over the world. The channel is about delicious street food and tips for travelers! Jamie Oliver. A channel about unusual recipes, master classes, and delicious food from British chef Jamie Oliver.

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HOW TO WATCH VIDEOS TO GET THE MAXIMUM BENEFIT To get the maximum benefit from watching videos, it is not enough just to watch them. So before clicking the play button, remind yourself that your main goal is to improve your English. Keep a notepad nearby to write down new words and phrases so that the new vocabulary does not become just noise, but part of your growing vocabulary list. After watching, try to remember what these words mean. Another cool exercise is to summarize the video out loud, not exactly word for word, but it would be cool if you used the new words that you’ve written down. If the video you watched is short, you can watch it several times — first to get a general idea, then to learn English: take notes or repeat lines, practice different pronunciations. A word of caution: Don't force yourself to watch what's useful if you're not interested. Learning should be fun and enjoyable. We have prepared a video and some tasks for you to demonstrate how you can practice.

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1

Watch the video 73 Questions With Adele:

Useful vocabulary from the video: To reckon — to think or believe To pinch — to press something, especially someone's skin, strongly between two hard things such as a finger and a thumb, usually causing pain To assume — to accept something to be true without question or proof Homebody — a person who likes spending time at home rather than going out with friends or traveling to different places On behalf of — representing somebody To dive into — to start doing something suddenly and energetically, often without stopping to think Unexpected — not expected To handle — to deal with, take responsibility for, or be in charge of To take a gander — to look at, glance at Attempt — the act of trying to do something, especially something difficult

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Encouraging — making you feel more confident Slides — slip-on shoes To pour out of — to freely express (an emotion) Venue — a place where a public event or meeting happens Stage fright — a feeling of nervousness when performing or speaking in front of an audience Regimented — too organized and controlled Ridiculous — stupid or unreasonable and deserving to be laughed at

2

Make up your own sentences with the new words.

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3

Answer the questions that Adele answered in the video.

§ What's one thing you’ve learned over the past years?

§ What is the most surprising aspect of living in your country?

§ What’s the best movie that you’ve watched recently?

§ Do you think it’s true that you can learn a lot about a person based on the books that they keep?

§ Who is your fashion icon?

§ What do you never leave the house without wearing?

§ What piece of advice would you give to your 19-year old self?

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§ What’s your happiest memory with your mom?

§ What word would your friends use to describe you?

§ What is the proudest possession that you own?

4

Who would you like to ask 73 questions? Choose a celebrity you would like to chat with and write your questions.

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SELECTION OF PODCASTS Podcasts are a great language booster. You can simultaneously immerse yourself in something that interests you, expand your vocabulary and improve your listening skills. The greatest thing about podcasts is that you can listen to them anywhere and choose from a variety of topics: fashion, history, mythology, fitness, and whatever else interests you. Don't know which podcast to choose? Here is a selection: 7 Deadly Sins Stephen Fry is an English actor, comedian, and writer. In the podcast, he talks about the seven sins in a way that will make you laugh heartily and think about how people behave. Gucci Podcast This podcast will give you a peek into the inner workings of the fashion house and find out how the collections are created. Each episode reveals the inspiration and vision of the Florentine fashion house. Great Lives This is kind of a biographical series in which famous guests tell the biography of those who inspired them. You will learn about the life of John Rockefeller, Nikolo Tesla, Charles Dickens, and other prominent historical figures.

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How to Fail We are taught to win, but not how to accept defeats. This podcast focuses on situations where something went wrong. Every week, a new guest talks about what their failures taught them and how it helped them on the way to victory. The English We Speak This podcast will introduce you to the most used English words and phrases. Each episode lasts less than three minutes, and this time will be enough to master the essential phrases of spoken English. American English Pronunciation Podcast The podcast about the nuances of pronunciation. Here you will learn to distinguish the subtleties of sound pronunciation, intonations, and stress. The podcast is educational, so I advise you to take notes while listening. Luke’s English Podcast Fans of British English will especially enjoy this podcast. The host, Luke Thompson, talks about a variety of topics in each episode and educates listeners at the same time. Podcasts are not about something sophisticated, they are reflections on everyday life, so everyone will understand them. Choose any and upgrade your listening skills!

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LEARN ENGLISH WITH AUDIO SERIES If you don't have enough time to watch TV shows in English, then there is one excellent solution! Try a new format — audio series. In English-speaking countries, this format is becoming popular and a new episode is just as highly anticipated as a new episode of Game of Thrones was. What’s the difference between audio series and podcasts? The former is just like a TV show but in an audio format, without visuals or settings, but with music and sounds that replace the visual component. Audio series are divided into episodes and seasons. They have a storyline, characters voiced by different actors, and a soundtrack — everything is like in regular TV series. Audio series are not audiobooks, where the text is simply read aloud. They are also not like podcasts, in which different people meet, discussing topics. The format of audio series is closer to that of radio shows you might have listened to in childhood. These were dramatizations of literary works, in which much attention was paid to audio effects: recording of steps, shots, sounds of nature, and the noise of cars. With the rising popularity of podcasts, this genre has been revived and has turned into audio series. Only now, stories and plots are composed from scratch, or, if it is a documentary genre, they are based on real stories. You can listen to audio series anywhere: while jogging, on the way to work or school, while walking the dog, or cooking. You can go about your daily life while listening to a fascinating story, improving your English by practicing your listening skills, and getting used to the accents of native speakers.

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In addition to boosting listening skills, audio series are also interesting: captivating plots and thoughtful sound design captivate your attention. Also, there’s a lot of room for imagination: you can imagine what the characters and the setting look like. However, this format is not suitable for beginners. Since audio series rarely have subtitles, it is recommended to start listening to them when you are at the Intermediate level. You can listen to audio series on Apple Podcasts or Acast. Episodes are also available on the websites of studios that produce audio series like Gimlet and QCode. You can download audio series in advance and listen to them offline without an Internet connection. Nowadays, most audio series are science fiction, thriller, or crime, in which it is easy to convey the atmosphere with the help of sounds and audio effects. Rockets blasting off into space, gun shots, eerie music, a door creaking, explosions, brakes screeching — such sounds are not easy to pick up in a comedy or a love drama. Below is a ready-made selection of audio series that are captivating and that will help you improve your English.

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Blackout. A radio DJ from a small town is forced to protect his family after the town's entire power grid collapses under mysterious circumstances. The audio series shows what our world might look like when only one radio is all that's left of technology. Wolf 359. About the adventures of the crew on a fictional space station that revolves around the star Wolf 359 (BTW, it’s not fictional). Each episode is a note from the logbook about the life of the team, which was assigned to perform several experimental tasks. Mission to Zyxx. Imagine adding the absurdity and humor of BoJack Horseman to Star Wars and Star Trek. That would be Mission to Zyxx. What is interesting about this audio series is that the plot and dialogues are a complete improvisation of the actors. Gaslight. Danny has gone missing: at the end of her senior year, she disappeared, leaving family and friends, including her best friend Becca, at a loss. The audio series begins several years after the disappearance when an unexpected visitor turns up on Becky's doorstep. Homecoming. The plot revolves around the Homecoming (Return home) organization, which is engaged in the rehabilitation of former soldiers. The main objective of its work remains a mystery to everyone. The story is told through recordings of telephone conversations and sessions with a psychotherapist.

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Carrier. Raylene is a truck driver. For some reason, a customer makes strange demands on the transportation of cargo: the trailer must be cooled to a certain temperature, and the cargo must be delivered to Chicago by 5 am. As soon as Raylene sets off, she begins to suspect that some kind of creature is hidden inside the trailer. Victoriocity. A detective comedy. In this vast metropolis, inspector Archibald Fleet and journalist Clara Entwhistle investigate a murder, only to find themselves at the center of a conspiracy of impossible proportions. Limetown. Journalistic investigation of a mysterious disappearance. Ten years ago, more than three hundred men, women, and children disappeared from a small town in Tennessee. Nobody has ever heard from them again. American public radio reporter Leah Haddock tries to get to the bottom of the incident. The Habitat. In Hawaii, an experiment was conducted to simulate life on Mars. Six volunteers were isolated for a year in near-Martian conditions so that NASA could understand what life on the red planet is like. During the experiment, audio diaries were kept, from which Gimlet studio created an exciting documentary audio series.

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USING INSTAGRAM ADVANTAGEOUSLY Instagram is not only a source of entertainment content, a place to discuss new memes and a platform to share photos, you can and should also learn English on Instagram. You should also know that learning doesn’t just mean following educational accounts, whose posts you then scroll through without paying attention. It’s better to subscribe to English-language content that interests you — travel accounts, channels about nature, science, psychology, celebrity, and influencer accounts. You can learn a lot of new vocabulary that is actually used by natives through their posts, and use stories to train listening and pronunciation. Here are a couple of examples of how to turn your Instagram feed into something that teaches you English.

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Sin — the offense of breaking, or the breaking of, a religious or moral law. Sinful — against the rules of religion or morally wrong. In this case, Dwayne Johnson sins with junk food. :) Cheat meal — the so-called meal, which is planned to purposefully break a diet. During a cheat meal, a person can allow themself more than usual, most often foods we restrict on diets, like sweet and fatty foods. To treat oneself — to do something good and pleasurable for yourself, but not something necessary. To devour — to eat something eagerly and in large amounts so that nothing is left.

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To be beyond grateful — to be immensely grateful. To be passionate — to have very strong feelings or emotions about something. To be committed — to be loyal and willing to give your time and energy to something that you believe in. Fellow actor — a partner, an actor-colleague. Nominee — someone who has been nominated for something.

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Incredible — impossible, or very difficult, to believe. Sneak peak — a secret look at or a preview of something. To come out — if a book, record, film, etc. comes out, it becomes available for people to buy or see.

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Friendly reminder — a friendly written or spoken message that reminds someone to do something. Gem — a jewel (= precious stone), especially when cut into a particular regular shape. To embolden — to make someone brave.

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Check out — to examine something or visit a place in order to learn about it. To come with — to be provided together with something. Weightless — having or appearing to have no weight. Sticky — made of or covered with an adhesive that stays attached to any surface it touches.

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LISTENING TO MUSIC AND SINGING SONGS Music is one of the most accessible forms of art. Many people enjoy it because it helps to distract, relax, and sometimes meditate. However, listening to your favorite tracks is also a great way to improve your English. While listening to songs, you learn new words or notice how the expressions you already know are used in a different context and change meanings. Lyrics of modern songs are a reliable source of slang, speech patterns, and metaphors that you will not find in books. In addition to the practice of listening to English speech, you also expand your vocabulary, improve your pronunciation and become more involved in music, which is a huge part of culture! Listen to my song «Daydreamer», read the lyrics and sing along, of course :).

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INA R A M A LINGU ER M A E R DA YD

Linguamarina — Daydreamer Making history With the things I create [And it feels so great] So if I didn’t get paid I’d be doing the same [Alright, alright] And I know I know it’s all I ever wanted So high up, but I’m not scared of ever falling down-down I can do it all again the second time around You know that you can be anything you put your mind to Ooh They all called you naive Now they’re watching your dreams come true Ooh

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Daydreamer, beautiful and bold They see your face on every billboard Oh funny how it all works Oh funny how it all works I’ve got my vision so clear No room for doubt Every year’s a good year When you do what you love And I know I know it’s all I ever wanted So high up, but I’m not scared of ever falling down-down I can do it all again the second time around You know that you can be anything you put your mind to Ooh They all called you naive Now they’re watching your dreams come true Ooh Daydreamer, beautiful and bold They see your face on every billboard Oh funny how it all works Oh funny how it all works

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READING IN ENGLISH Have you ever felt like you can't put a book down? Apart from the fact that a book can entertain you for hours, an English one will also expand your vocabulary and improve your knowledge of grammar. Modern literature shows real examples of how language is used today. No matter what genre you choose, fiction, science fiction, novels, detective stories, and even children's fairy tales, books can teach you how to express emotions, ideas, or tell stories in English. How to study English by reading books Tip 1 When you see a new word, do not rush to look it up in a dictionary. Try to guess the meaning from the context. This trains you in reading for gist, a skill that allows you to grasp the main idea of a text without translating individual words. Tip 2 Do not try to read the whole book in one sitting. Speed is not important, the quality of reading is what really matters. Books are already divided into chapters, but if there are too many new words and phrases, you can always break the chapter into smaller passages. Tip 3 Find like-minded people who love reading and also want to improve their English. Read one book together and discuss the plot and meaning of the book. Tip 4 Don't forget to write down new vocabulary, phrases, and expressions that you find interesting and sound great. Try to use them in your speech after you finish reading.

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SELECTION OF ENGLISH READING MATERIAL Books, as well as films, are not strictly divided into levels, but there are general recommendations. If you want something easy to read, go with modern novels, classics, or fairy tales. If you want something more difficult, then opt for non-fiction, science fiction, and detective stories. Again, the main thing is to enjoy the process. If you don’t know what to choose in the bookstore, then use the selection below. ENGLISH CLASSICS The Story of King Arthur and His Knights by Howard Pyle The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain Treasure Island by Robert Louis Stevenson Little Women by Louisa May Alcott The Hobbit, or There and Back Again by J.R.R. Tolkien The Secret Garden by Frances Hodgson Burnett The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (Chronicles of Narnia, #1) by C.S. Lewis Animal Farm by George Orwell Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald

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NON FICTION Asteroids & Meteoroids by Grace Hansen A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson The Sixth Extinction by Elizabeth Kolbert A Promised Land by Barack Obama Unnatural Causes by Richard Shepherd A Brief History of Time by Stephen Hawking 21 Lessons for the 21st Century by Yuval Noah Harari

NOVELS The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros Wonder by R.J. Palacio Eat, Pray, Love by Elizabeth Gilbert Beach Read by Emily Henry The Fault in Our Stars by John Green Me Before You by Jojo Moyes Red, White & Royal Blue by Casey McQuiston The Unhoneymooners by Christina Lauren When You Get the Chance by Emma Lord Running Wild by K.A. Tucker The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky

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DETECTIVES Murder on the Orient Express by Agatha Christie And Then There Were None by Agatha Christie The Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo by Stieg Larsson Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn

FANTASY Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone by J.K. Rowling The Lightning Thief by Rick Riordan The Fellowship of the Ring (The Lord of the Rings #1) by J.R.R. Tolkien Howl’s Moving Castle by Diana Wynne Jones American Gods by Neil Gaiman Dune by Frank Herbert Dealing with Dragons by Patricia C. Wrede The Ocean at the End of the Lane by Neil Gaiman

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STUDYING NEW VOCABULARY Vocabulary is the foundation of a language. Even if you have just started learning English and do not understand grammar, it is a wide vocabulary that will help you make an order in a cafe or ask for directions abroad. Learning new vocabulary also helps improve all four language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. In short, if you want to upgrade your English on all fronts, start by learning new vocabulary. The cards "1000 words you need to know at the Intermediate level" will help you with this. They contain vocabulary that is most often found both in the everyday speech of native speakers and in print media, films, on television. Basically everything around us! Having mastered these words, you will be able to upgrade your vocabulary to a confident Intermediate. Improve your vocabulary and notice how your understanding and communication in English improve!

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GRAMMAR CHECKLISTS Now let's move on to grammar! This part of English is like broccoli on the shelf next to sweets, it may not be one of our favorites. Well, it should be the other way around! After all, no matter how incomprehensible and complex it may seem, it is grammar that helps us organize words to form correct sentences. Although many may disagree, the grammar is not so difficult to understand. See for yourself. Here are checklists, in which we’ve sorted out all the important and complex grammatical topics.

ENGLISH TENSES PRESENT SIMPLE

I YOU WE THEY

HE SHE IT

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + verb

Subject + do not (don’t) + verb

Question word + do + subject + verb

We meet every other week to catch up on all the news.

We don’t meet every other week to catch up on all the news.

How often do you meet to catch up on all the news?

Subject + verb + -s

Subject + does not (doesn’t) + verb

Question word + does + subject + verb

She enjoys listening to classical music.

She doesn’t enjoy listening to classical music.

Does she enjoy listening to classical music?

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PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

I

YOU WE THEY

HE SHE IT

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + AM + verb + -ing

Subject + AM NOT + verb + -ing

Question word + AM + subject + verb + -ing

I’m reading this guidebook now.

I’m not reading a guidebook now.

What am I reading now?

Subject + ARE + verb + -ing

Subject + ARE NOT + verb + -ing

Question word + ARE + subject + verb + -ing

We’re going to a party today.

We aren’t going to a party today.

Are we going to a party today?

Subject + IS + verb + -ing

Subject + IS NOT + verb + - ing

Question word + IS + subject + verb + -ing

Derek is watching a match now.

Derek isn’t watching a match now

What is he watching now?

PRESENT PERFECT

I YOU WE THEY

HE SHE IT

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + have + verb in past participle / third form

Subject + have not (haven’t) + verb in past participle / third form

Question word + have + subject + verb in past participle / third form

I’ve been here before.

I haven’t been here yet.

How long have you been here?

Subject + has + verb in past participle / third form

Subject + has not (hasn’t) + verb in past participle / third form

Question word + has + subject + verb in past participle / third form

Marie has been kinda sad lately.

Marie hasn’t been happy lately.

How has she felt lately?

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PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

I YOU WE THEY

HE SHE IT

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + have + been + verb + -ing

Subject + have not (haven’t) + been + verb + - ing

Question word + have + subject + been + verb + - ing

I’ve been studying all night.

You haven’t been studying all night.

How long have you been studying?

Subject + has + been + verb + -ing

Subject + has not (hasn’t) + been + verb + -ing

Question word + has + subject + been + verb + - ing

Lucie has been acting weird.

She hasn’t been acting weird.

Why has she been acting so weird?

PAST SIMPLE

Subject of any gender and number

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + verb in participle / second form

Subject + did not (didn’t) + verb

Question word + did + subject + verb

Katie got a new dress yesterday.

Katie didn’t get anything yesterday.

What did she get yesterday?

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PAST PROGRESSIVE

I HE SHE IT

YOU WE THEY

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + WAS + verb + - ing

Subject + WAS NOT (WASN’T) + verb + -ing

Question word + WAS + subject + verb + -ing

She was doing her homework at that moment.

She wasn’t paying attention

What was she doing when he came in?

Subject + WERE + verb + - ing

Subject + WERE NOT (WEREN’T) + verb + -ing

Question word + WERE + subject + verb + -ing

They were searching for their friend.

They weren’t searching for their friend.

Who were they searching for?

PAST PERFECT

Subject of any gender and number

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + had + verb in past participle / third form

Subject + had not (hadn’t) + verb in past participle / third form

Verb + had + subject + verb in past participle / third form

Jared had called his girlfriend before going to her place.

He hadn’t called his girlfriend before going to her place

Had Jared called his girlfriend before going to her place?

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PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Subject of any gender and number

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + had + been + verb + -ing

Subject + had not (hadn’t) + been + verb + -ing

Question word + had + subject + been + verb + -ing

Marie had been asking John for ages before he agreed to help her.

Marie hadn’t been asking John for ages before he agreed to help her

How long had Marie been asking John for ages before he agreed to help her?

FUTURE SIMPLE

Subject of any gender and number

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + will + verb

Subject + will not (won’t) + verb

Question word + will + subject + verb

I’ll get some milk on the way back home.

I won’t disappoint you, I promise.

Will you help me?

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FUTURE PROGRESSIVE

Subject of any gender and number

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + WILL + BE + verb + -ing

Subject + will not (won’t) + BE + verb + ing

Question word + will + subject + BE + verb + ing

John will be working from 9 to 6 tomorrow.

John won’t be working from 9 to 6 tomorrow.

Will he be working from 9 to 6 tomorrow?

FUTURE PERFECT

Subject of any gender and number

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + WILL + HAVE + verb in past participle / third form

Subject + WILL NOT (won't) + HAVE + verb in past participle / third form

Question word + WILL + subject + HAVE + past participle / third form

John will have completed this task by tomorrow.

John won’t have completed this task by tomorrow.

Will he have completed this task by tomorrow?

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FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Subject of any gender and number

AFFIRMATIVE

NEGATIVE

INTERROGATIVE

Subject + will + have + been + verb + -ing

Subject + will not (won’t) + have + been + verb + -ing

Question word + will + subject + have + been + verb + -ing

Next month, I will have been working here for 2 years.

Next month, I won’t have been working here for 2 years.

How long will you have been working here for next month?

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SIGNAL WORDS PRESENT

SIMPLE

PROGRESSIVE

PERFECT

PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

§ § § § § § § § § § § §

usually every (day, week, etc.) often seldom, rarely always never sometimes as a rule hardly ever on Sunday in May annually

§ § § § § § §

now right now at the moment at this very moment today still this week/month

§ § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § § §

ever never just already yet recently lately before always so far at last it’s the first time Today this week (month, year, etc) since for how long all my life all morning

§ § § § § § § § §

how long? for for ages recently lately since all my life all day long all morning

Venya teaches English every day. I rarely forget to pay the bills on time. We have a medical check-up annually.

The weather is looking pretty good today. I am living at my friends’ place this month. He is still doing his task

I have done quite a lot of homework already. Sarah has never been to Portugal. Have you completed your project yet?

It feels like I have been studying for ages. She has been working on this project all day long. She’s been spending too much time alone lately.

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PAST

SIMPLE

PROGRESSIVE

PERFECT

PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

§ yesterday § the day before § yesterday last week (month, year, etc.) § a week (a month, a year, etc.) ago § the other day § in 1994 § once § when

§ at 7 o’clock yesterday § from 7 till 9 yesterday § the whole evening (day, night, etc.) § yesterday at this time § yesterday when § someone did something § while still

§ by 5 o’clock yesterday § when someone did something § already § just § yet § before/by the time someone did § something it was the first time

§ § § § § § § § §

how long? for for ages Recently Lately Since all my life all day long all morning

Venya posted a really informative video yesterday. She was here last week. He graduated Harvard 2 years ago.

I was memorizing new words when my mom came home. We were studying the whole day yesterday. At this time yesterday, I was doing the dishes.

I had finished my homework by 6 in the morning yesterday. Kate had finished her dinner by the time I came home. It was the first time he had ever lied to his wife.

I had been working there for 10 years before I got the promotion. They had been running that company since 1994. They had been waiting for you all day long

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FUTURE

SIMPLE

§ tomorrow § the day after tomorrow § next week (month, year, etc.) § in an hour (second, minute, etc.) § in the 22nd century § soon § Later § some day

§ § § §

PROGRESSIVE

§ § § §

PERFECT

PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

at 3 o’clock tomorrow from 3 till 6 tomorrow still the whole evening (day, night, etc.) tomorrow at this time tomorrow when somebody does something while

§ by 5 o’clock tomorrow § when someone does something + already/yet § before/by the time someone does something

§ for § since § by/at some point in the future ...for

I will finish my essay tomorrow. She will be asleep in a minute. Some day he will be rich and famous.

I will be having lunch with that beautiful girl at 12 tomorrow. She will be smiling the whole day tomorrow. When you come back, I’ll be sleeping probably.

I will have finished my work by midnight tomorrow. By the time you read this, I will have left. When you complete your freshman year at university, I will have already graduated.

At 5 o’clock, I will have been waiting here for 2 hours. By 2020, I will have been living in England for 10 years.

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ARTICLES

NOUN

Сountable noun

Singular

First time or not specific

Has been mentioned or specific

Uncountable noun

I don’t know

Plural

First time or not specific

Has been mentioned or specific

First time or not specific

Has been mentioned or specific

No article

Use the

Do you drink wine?

Use a

I need a pencil. Do you have a dog?

Use the

The cat has has left. I went to the dentist yesterday.

I hope you have a good vacation!

Please turn off the light.

She has an orange for breakfast everyday!

Where’s the pencil I gave you yesterday?

No article

Use the

Some people don’t like children.

My cat tried to catch the butterflies in our garden.

Trucks are not allowed on German highways on Sundays.

The children got wet when it started to rain. Put the books on the table.

Every living being needs water.

The wine I drank last night made me sleepy. Don’t drink the water in that bottle.

If a noun ends with an- s, it is most likely a plural noun! There are exceptions, but you can always look it up in the dictionary.

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MODAL VERBS VERB

CAN

COULD

WOULD

MAY

WHAT TO USE FOR

EXAMPLE

§

Describe mental and physical abilities

§

§

Allow someone to do something

§

§

Past form of the verb CAN. We can use it to describe physical and mental abilities in the past

§

Nick could run a marathon when he was in his twenties.

§

Mike could be out with his friends but instead he's studying.

§

Could you tell me where the post office is?

§

Describe possible hypothetical situations

Sarah can easily get around an unknown city. You can go out with your friends when you finish your homework.

§

Politely request or ask about something

§

Suggest an idea

§

We could rent a bigger apartment when we have a baby.

§

Politely ask for something or offer something

§

Would you mind if I open the window?

§ §

Express preferences

I’d like a cup of strong coffee, please.

§

Describe past habits that we don't have anymore (Be careful — WOULD can only be used in this meaning only with active verbs)

§

Nick would often daydream during his lessons when he was at school.

§

Politely request something

§

May I leave a bit earlier today?

§

Allow something

§

You may go as soon as you are finished.

§

Speculate about something about something

§

Lucie may take a gap year, I am not sure.

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§

Express possibility of doing something

§

I might watch a movie in the evening.

§

Give or ask for advice

§

§

Make assumptions based on some facts

You should practice English more, especially speaking.

§

The turkey should be ready soon. It’s been cooking for 2 hours now.

§

I must be careful when driving.

§

Jackie must be busy at the moment, that’s why she isn’t answering your calls.

MIGHT

SHOULD

§

MUST

§

Express strong possibility (99%)

§

Express obligations imposed by someone else

§

I had to wear a uniform when I was at school. I hated it.

§

Give advice

§

You had better stop talking nonsense already.

HAVE TO

HAD BETTER / OUGHT TO

Express obligations (usually the subject of the sentence in this case understands their duties and their importance)

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REPORTED SPEECH DIRECT SPEECH

PRESENT

PAST

FUTURE

REPORTED SPEECH

PRESENT SIMPLE — I go to work every day.

PAST SIMPLE She said that she went to work every day

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE — I’m working out at the moment.

PAST SIMPLE He said that he was working out at that moment.

PRESENT PERFECT — We’ve been to the USA twice.

PAST PERFECT They said that they had been to the USA twice.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE— — I’ve been studying for 6 hours.

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE She said that she had been studying for 6 hours.

PAST SIMPLE — I bought a car yesterday.

PAST PERFECT He said that he had bought a car the day before.

PAST PROGRESSIVE — I was watching the game.

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE She said that she had been watching the game.

PAST PERFECT (НЕ МЕНЯЕТСЯ) — I had known this before you told me.

PAST PERFECT She said that she had known this before he told her.

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (НЕ МЕНЯЕТСЯ) — We had been going out for 6 months before we moved in together.

PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE He said that they had been going out for 6 months before they moved in together.

FUTURE SIMPLE (WILL) — I will always be by your side.

FUTURE IN THE PAST (WOULD) She said that she would always be by my side.

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DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

THIS

THAT

THESE

THOSE

NOW

THEN

HERE

THERE

TODAY

THAT DAY

TOMORROW

THE NEXT DAY

AGO

BEFORE

YESTERDAY

THE DAY BEFORE

THE DAY AFTER TOMORROW

TWO DAYS LATER

THE DAY BEFORE YESTERDAY

TWO DAYS BEFORE

NEXT YEAR/MONTH...

THE FOLLOWING YEAR/MONTH...

LAST...

PREVIOUS...

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CONDITIONALS TYPES OF CONDITIONALS Zero type

First type

General truths, known facts such as laws of nature or accepted norms.

A possible condition and its probable result.

Real situation

Real situation

Second type A hypothetical condition and its probable result.

Third type An unreal past condition and its probable result in the past.

Unreal situation

Unreal situation

In the present or always

In the present or in In the present or in In the past the future the future

If + V1, V1.

If + V1, will + V1.

1.

2.

3.

If I eat 1. chocolate, my stomach starts hurting. 2. If babies are hungry, they cry. 3. If you heat ice, it melts.

If it rains, we won’t go to the park.

If + V2, would + V1. If + had + V3, would + have + V3. 1.

She will be late if the train is 2. delayed. If I see her, I’ll tell her the news. 3.

If I had enough 1. money, I would buy a big fancy house. If I lived in Mexico, I would speak Spanish fluently. If I were you, I would apologize to him.

If she had studied harder, she would have passed the exam.

2.

If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn’t have missed the plane.

3.

If I had married him, I wouldn’t have been happy.

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MIXED CONDITIONALS There are two types of mixed conditionals. We use the first one to talk about an unreal past condition and its probable result in the present. IF CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

Third type

Second type

If + had + V3

would + V1

§ If I had spent my childhood in the US, § If you had looked at the map, § If I had won the lottery,

§ I would speak English fluently now. § we wouldn’t be lost now. § I would live in France now.

This should be changed to the rule for the second type.

IF CLAUSE

MAIN CLAUSE

Second type

Third type

If + V2

would + have + V3

§ If he were more reasonable, § If I were clever enough, § If I could speak Spanish,

§ he wouldn't have bought such an expensive car. § I wouldn’t have done this. § I would have moved to Mexico last year.

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VERBS WITH PREPOSITIONS

VERBS + PREPOSITIONS

TO

FOR

FROM

AT

Talk to

Wait for

Suffer from

Smile at

Listen to

Ask for

Recover from

Stare at

Speak to

Apply for

Borrow from

Aim at

Apologize to

Blame for

Escape from

Look at

Belong to

Care for

Graduate from

Point at

Happen to

Long for

Hide from

Laugh at

Turn to

Head for

Prevent from

Peer at

Adapt to

Admire for

Prohibit from

Arrive at

Add to

Forgive for

Protect from

Wink at

Agree to

Pay for

Retire from

Consent to

Pray for

Rescue from

Devote to

Search for

Save from

Lead to

Scold for

Separate from

Object to

Vote for

Resign from

React to

Prepare for

Distinguish from

Reply to

Wish for

Abstain from

Talk to

Work for

Infer from

Refer to

Apologize for

Stem from

ON Agree on Comment on Concentrate on Depend on Congratulate on Decide on Rely on

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ADJECTIVES WITH PREPOSITIONS

ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITIONS

OF

AT

IN

FROM

Accused of

Annoyed at

Comfortable in

Absent from

Ashamed of

Amazed at

Connected in

Derived from

Aware of

Angry at

Disappointed in

Different from

Afraid of

Astonished at

Excellent in

Free from

Capable of

Awful at

Experienced in

Made from

Careful of

Bad at

Interested in

Safe from

Characteristic of

Brilliant at

Polite in

Conscious of

Clever at

Present in

Envious of

Delighted at

Skilled in

Free of

Disappointed at

Slow in

Frightened of

Excellent at

Successful in

Fond of

Excited at

Talented in

Full of

Good at

Guilty of

Lucky at

Hopeful of

Skillful at

Innocent of

Slow at

Incapable of

Surprised at

Jealous of

Terrible at

BY Amazed by Astonished by Delighted by Disturbed by Excited by Fascinated by Impressed by Puzzled by Shocked by

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PHRASAL VERBS Phrasal verbs are phrases consisting of a verb and a preposition, an adverb, or a preposition and an adverb at the same time. You can’t translate them word for word, they take on a new meaning as a whole. You need to learn phrasal verbs in English to improve your level of the language, read literature, understand native speakers, take exams, and work abroad. How to learn phrasal verbs: § watch videos, listen or read on a specific topic to remember phrasal verbs in context § repeat orally or in writing § be sure to use new words in practice.

COME

BE

FALL

GET

LOOK

FALL GIVE

GO 91

Let’s look at examples.

Be away — be absent from a place.

He is away this weekend.

Be after — have the will and intention to carry out some action.

I have been after this phone for a long time.

Be on/off — be turned on/off.

Is your phone on or off now?

Be up to — think, contemplate.

What are you up to?

Be over — end, stop.

Don’t worry, it will be over soon.

BE

Be up — wake up.

Be against — be opposed to someone or something.

I am usually up at 8 am.

I am against such strict rules.

Be for — supporting or in favor of someone or something.

I am all for the new changes to the law.

Be back — return.

I’ll be back in 10 minutes.

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Fall for somebody — fall in love with somebody.

He was so fantastically handsome–I just fell for him right away.

Fall down — fall.

The tree started to fall down and they started to run.

FALL

Fall apart — break because of being old or badly made.

Their marriage is likely to fall apart.

Fall behind — move more slowly than other people so that you are behind them.

He was ill for six weeks and fell behind in his schoolwork.

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Come from — have been born in a particular place.

I come from Spain.

Come up with something — think of something such as an idea or a plan.

We need to come up with a solution.

Come over — visit someone in the place where they are, especially their house.

Could you come over here?

Come across — meet someone, or to find something by chance.

She came across her ex-husband yesterday.

COME Be

Come back — return.

When we came back home, we had a package waiting at the door.

Come off — stop being fixed to something.

Old paint has come off the wall.

Come out — becomes available to buy or see.

Come by — visit a place for a short time, often when you are going somewhere else.

Their new book will come out next week.

Are you sure you can come by at nine?

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Get through — be connected to a place by telephone.

Get along with someone — like each other and are friendly to each other.

I don’t get along with his friends.

Get in — enter a room or a car.

Excuse me, may I get in?

The call didn’t get through to you.

Get to — arrive.

I got to my friends’ house at 8 pm.

Be GET

Get out — leave a room or a car.

I'll get out when you stop at the traffic lights.

Get off — leave a bus, plane, or train.

I got off at the railway station.

Get over — start to feel happy or well again after something bad has happened to you.

I’m not sure I will be able to get over this failure.

Get up — get out of bed after sleeping.

I usually get up at 7 am.

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Give up — stop doing something that you are trying to accomplish.

The team gave up easily.

Give away — tell information or facts that you should keep secret.

Give back — give someone something that they owned or had before.

Can you give me my iPad back?

Give out — give something to several people.

They were giving out free samples at the supermarket.

GIVE

He always gives away other people’s secrets.

Give in — stop competing or arguing and accept that you cannot win.

Please, don’t give in.

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Go out — leave your house and go somewhere, especially to do something enjoyable.

Do you want to go out for a drink after work?

Go on — continue happening.

Go with — choose or accept something.

This war has been going on for years

I think we can go with this suggestion.

GO Go down/up — increase/decrease.

The prices are constantly going up.

Go without something — live without something that you need or would like to have.

I'd rather go without food than work for him. Go back to somebody — return to someone, usually after arguing or breaking up

He went back to his wife.

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Look at — direct your eyes towards someone or something so that you can see them.

Look at yourself in the mirror.

Look up — try to find a particular piece of information by looking in a book or on a list, or by using a computer.

Look it up on the Internet.

Look after — take care of someone or something and make certain that they have everything they need.

She was asked to to look after the dog.

What are you looking for?

Be LOOK GET

Look in — visit someone for a short time on your way to another place, especially if they are ill or may need help.

Before he left the house, he looked in on his mom to see if she needed more medicine.

Look for — search for someone or something.

Look forward to — feel happy and excited about something that is going to happen.

I’m looking forward to meeting you.

Look ahead — think about what is likely to happen, or plan what you are going to do in the future.

The company is looking ahead and making changes to their mission.

Look into — try to discover the facts about something such as a problem or a crime.

We’ll look into your application.

Look back — look behind.

Run and don’t look back.

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Take back — admit that something you said to or about someone was wrong.

I take my words back.

Take up — start doing something regularly as a habit, job, or interest.

You should take up art classes.

Take on — start to employ someone.

Take down — remove something that was previously put up or put in place.

I don’t want to take on this person.

Take this poster down!

TAKE Take off — an aircraft leaves the ground and starts flying.

My plane took off at 7 o’clock.

Take after — look or behave like an older relative.

Take over — begin to do something that someone else was doing.

When he died, his son took over as CEO.

Take out — go with someone to a restaurant, theater, performance, etc. and pay for everything.

I take my wife out twice a month.

He took after his father.

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Turn on/off — make a piece of equipment start/stop working by pressing a button or moving a switch.

Please, turn the TV off.

Turn up/down — increase/decrease the amount of sound, heat, or light produced by a piece of equipment by pressing a button or moving a switch.

This is my niece singing, turn it up!

Turn around — move so as to face in the opposite direction.

We turned the car around because we were going in the wrong direction.

TURN TURN

Turn away — start to move away or to face in a different direction.

He stared at her and she turned away.

Turn in — give or return something or someone to an authority.

Turn into — change or develop into something different.

In this story, a boy turned into a wolf.

He caught me lying but he didn’t turn me in. Turn out (to be) — be discovered to be something, have something etc.

This man turned out to be a serial killer.

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30 DAYS OF GRAMMAR PRACTICE 1 Tenses Exercise 1. Write what tenses are used in the sentences. What happened? ________________ What’s going on? ________________ I never forget anything. ________________ I was sleeping all day long. ________________ The train arrives at 5 am. ________________ The train will leave in 10 minutes. ________________ I cut my finger 3 days ago. ________________ They have never been to Rome. ________________ Right now he is telling them an interesting story. ________________ I had moved to LA after living in New York. ________________ They will have finished this project by next Friday. ________________ He has not come yet. ________________ Exercise 2. Put the verb in the correct form. When I ____ (meet) him yesterday, he ____ (eat) a pie. By the end of next year, we _____ (produce) three tons of soap. She ____ (love) cakes and ___ (hate) broccoli. What _____ those people _____ (do) in the middle of the road? I ______ (be) to the Pyramids. When they ___ (come) home, they ____ (realize) that someone ____ (break) into their house. I’m glad to see you! I ____ (wait) for you for 3 hours. I ____ (listen) to the lecture carefully yesterday but I _____ (not understand) anything. He _____ (read) a book at 5 o’clock yesterday. Tomorrow morning I ____ (be) busy, I _____ (play) football with my kids.

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Exercise 3. Put the verb in the correct form. Look, Jim ____ (swim) across the river! I ____ (lose) my keys when I ______ (play) basketball yesterday. In a year, he _____ (buy) a cottage for his family. While you ____ (sleep), your mother _____ (arrive) I promise I ______ (not leave) you. He can’t hang out with you, he ____ (play) hockey now. He often ____ (bring) me flowers. ____ you ____ (see) her yesterday? Granny ____ (teach) me English when I ____ (be) seven. When I ___ (come) home yesterday, my brother ____ (sleep). Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any. Do you wearing a red shirt now? ________________________________________________________ I have never been in Moscow. ________________________________________________________ My brother don’t call me very often. ________________________________________________________ What are you looking at? ________________________________________________________ We will finish this project by the end of the week. ________________________________________________________ He hasn’t answered me yet. ________________________________________________________ I promise I never leave you. ________________________________________________________ She lives with her parents this week. ________________________________________________________ Mary has dinner with her sister tomorrow at 3 o’clock. ________________________________________________________ When he finally came home, the guests had already left. ________________________________________________________

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2 Articles Exercise 1. Put the article a/an where necessary. I need to go to the shop to buy _____ milk and _____ loaf of bread. Please turn on ____ radio, I'd like to listen to ____ news. Would you like to go for _____ walk with me in the evening? I hope you have ____ good time in ____ Moscow. Please don't scream, I’ve got ____ headache! I've got _____ good idea. Let’s buy _____ new car. He was late, I had to wait for him for half _____ hour. _____ my brother works 6 days ______ week. Exercise 2. Put the article the where necessary. After living in ____ Portugal for a year he could speak _____ Portuguese fluently. My dad likes to read _____ Times in the mornings. I heard about an interesting film. _____ film is called “Titanic”. Open ___ door and turn on ___ light. Which is _____ shortest month of _____ year? ______ Earth is our home, we need to keep it clean for future generations. She left a book in class so she had to return to _____ university to get it. You will always find some interesting books in _____ library.

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Exercise 3. Put an appropriate article, a/an or the. _____ Smiths have a dog and a cat. She was the first woman to swim across _____ English Channel. At the end of _____ busy day, sleep is the best way to restore your energy. She has got _____ terrible _______ headache. I had ________ very interesting holiday in England. My mother is ______ accountant and my father is _____ lawyer. They work in ____ same company in _____ center of ______ our town. Ann has been looking for ______ job for ______ long time. Yesterday, I bought _______ pair of ______ shoes. Unfortunately _____ shoes are too tight. Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any. It is evident that the people want peace. ________________________________________________________ The acting was poor, but we enjoyed a music. ________________________________________________________ Bring milk from the kitchen. ________________________________________________________ Tell her truth. ________________________________________________________ Against her parents’ wishes, she wants to be the doctor. ________________________________________________________ The article was published in the Times on the May 10th. ________________________________________________________ Money, which my father gave me, is running out. ________________________________________________________ He was extremely boring fellow. ________________________________________________________ There was dead mouse in the corner. ________________________________________________________ Can you give me that book over there? ________________________________________________________

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3 Modal verbs Exercise 1. Choose the correct modal verb. I’m sure he ______ do this homework tomorrow. a) could b) will be able to c) was able to When I was young, I ______ run for miles. a) could b) can c) was able You have wonderful cigars, Mr. Johnson. ______ I take one with your permission? a) can b) may c) am allowed I _______ wear a suit, I had to wear a suit for the interview yesterday. a) must b) had to c) was to Though he could hardly speak, he ________ finish the lecture. a) could b) was able to c) will be able to Our car broke down and we ______ walk to the station. a) had to b) must c) were to You look tired. You ______ stop working so hard. a) have to b) must c) should You _____ come to the meeting, our CEO is very strict about it. a) must b) have to c) are to

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Exercise 2. Choose the appropriate verb. You ______ (must/can) go to bed now, it’s midnight already. He ______ (can/may) speak Spanish, he studied it at school. She _____ (may/should) read this book, she has an exam tomorrow. I ______ (must/may) go home now, it’s very late. The students ______ (must/may) use a calculator in the Math lessons. My mother _______ (can/should) cook many delicious dishes, our family loves it. My father ______ (must/can) drive a car really well. You ____ (should/must) ask his advice, he is really good at economics. Kate _____ (may/can) remember a lot of words, she knows a lot of poems by heart. Exercise 3. Correct the mistakes, if there are any. You don’t can go to the party. ________________________________________________________ He musts call her twice a day. ________________________________________________________ Jane must to go there. ________________________________________________________ I can join you. ________________________________________________________ He not must be late. ________________________________________________________ Can his brother speak English? ________________________________________________________ You don’t must smoke here. ________________________________________________________

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4 Reported speech Exercise 1. Change the sentences from direct speech to reported speech. The secretary said, “The press conference is taking place now in the main hall”. ________________________________________________________ My brother said, “Aunt Molly will come on Friday”. ________________________________________________________ The students said, “We had two tests last week”. ________________________________________________________ Her daughter said, “I am not listening to music now”. ________________________________________________________ My friend said, ”I have visited all these places”. ________________________________________________________ She said, “I haven't spoken to him since yesterday”. ________________________________________________________ Jane said, “I was in the library two days ago”. ________________________________________________________ The boy said, “I was not watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday”. ________________________________________________________ He said, “I will visit you next Friday”. ________________________________________________________ She said, “I will be leaving home at 10 o’clock tonight”. _________________________________________________________

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Exercise 2. Write the questions in reported speech. She asked them, “When will he come back?”. ________________________________________________________ He asked, “Have you been working on this problem?”. ________________________________________________________ She asked, “Were you at the museum yesterday?”. ________________________________________________________ She asked, “When is he leaving school?”. ________________________________________________________ He asked, “Where did she buy this hat?”. ________________________________________________________ He asked, “How much did she pay for it?”. ________________________________________________________ He asked, “Has she been reading this book since Monday?”. ________________________________________________________ Jane asked, “Can anybody tell me the truth?”. ________________________________________________________ He asked, “Will you be at the party tonight?”. ________________________________________________________

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Exercise 3. Write the quotes of famous people in reported speech. 1.

“I can’t resist anything but temptation.” (Oscar Wilde) Oscar Wilde said that__________________________________

2. “It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are the most important.” (Conan Doyle) Conan Doyle said that_________________________________ 3. “The world is so full of a number of things, I’m sure we should all be happy as kings”. (Robert Stevenson) Robert Stevenson wrote that ___________________________ 4. “Never take anything for granted”. (Benjamin Disraeli) Benjamin Disraeli told us _____________________________ 5. “If you want to be successful, you must look successful.” (Thomas Moore) Thomas Moore said if __________________________________ 6. “Don’t anticipate trouble or worry about what may never happen. Keep in the sunlight.”(Benjamin Franklin) Benjamin Franklin advised us ____________________________

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Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any. The instructor asked me if I can swim. ________________________________________________________ He said me that he had been waiting for me here. ________________________________________________________ She asked me where I had lived five years ago. ________________________________________________________ Mr. Geller told that he missed his hometown. ________________________________________________________ The parking attendant directed to park our car on the left. ________________________________________________________ The man asked the boy to tell him what is the time. ________________________________________________________ He wanted to know why Julie is missing a class today. ________________________________________________________ He asked me if Jerry had been sick yesterday. ________________________________________________________

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5 Conditionals Exercise 1. Put the verb in the correct form. If I see him, I ____(tell) him the news. If she _____ (eat) all the cakes, she will get sick. They will be furious if they ____ (hear) this. You would learn more if you _____ (study) sometimes. If I find уour bag, I ____ (let) you know. If we _____ (have) nothing to do, life would be boring. If you had called, I ____ (meet) you at the station. The teacher will get angry if you _____ (make) many mistakes. 9. You’ll miss the bus if you _____ (not/leave) at once. 10. If he ______ (study) better, he would have passed this exam. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Exercise 2. Match 1-8 with A-H. 1. We would have made a cake

A. we won’t go to the park tomorrow.

2. If it rains a lot

B. if she goes to that club.

3. I would call him

C. I would move to the US.

4. She will wear this dress

D. if we had bought some eggs yesterday.

5. They wouldn’t have cried

E. I would buy a house.

6. She will forgive you

F. if I were you.

7. If I won the lottery

G. if you call her right now and explain yourself.

8. If I knew English well

H. if you hadn’t shouted at them.

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Exercise 3. Use the verbs in brackets to make 1) a real condition 2) an unreal condition 1. If I (know), I (tell) you the truth. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 2. If he (have) enough money, he (buy) a large house. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 3. She (feel) lonely if John (go) away. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 4. If we (can) come on Friday, we (come). _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ 5. I (understand) Mr Gibbs if he (speak) slowly. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

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Exercise 4. Complete the sentences. If I had enough money ________________________________________________________ If it doesn’t rain today ________________________________________________________ I’ll stay at home if ________________________________________________________ If you had called me earlier ________________________________________________________ If I left home for work earlier ________________________________________________________ If I won a prize ________________________________________________________ If I were a king/queen ________________________________________________________ If I told my parents the truth ________________________________________________________ If I were you ________________________________________________________ If I were rich ________________________________________________________

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6 Verbs and adjectives with prepositions Exercise 1. Match the verbs with the prepositions. 1. To apologize

on

2. To apply

to

3. To depend

from

4. To graduate

for

5. To laugh

for

6. To congratulate

from

7. To rely

at

8. To wait

on

9. To protect

for

10. To listen

on

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Exercise 2. Match the adjectives with the prepositions. 1. To be accused

at

2. To be capable

in

3. To be angry

of

4. To be disappointed

at

5. To be amazed

by

6. To be successful

of

7. To be bad

by

8. To be skillful

in

9. To be hopeful

of

10. To be shocked

at

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Exercise 3. Write a suitable preposition. I hope you recover quickly _____ the illness. It depends ______ how much money I have in my wallet. I think that coat will shield me _______ the cold. Soon, they must escape ______ this place. It is unnecessary to add so much sugar _____ the milk. When concentrating ______ something interesting, you forget about everything else. 7. They didn’t comment ______ my behavior. 8. I apologize _____ everybody for my absence at the conference. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Exercise 4. Write a suitable preposition. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

They are afraid ____ losing their money. You have to be careful ____ making mistakes. I can’t work with him. He is bad _____ everything. I am not jealous _____ her. I was surprised _____ your appearance. I applied ____ the job that I saw advertised in the paper. I was never really good ___ singing. Who does this car belong ___?

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ANSWER KEYS 1 Tenses Exercise 1. Write what tenses are used in the sentences. What happened? Past Simple What’s going on? Present Progressive I never forget anything. Present Simple I was sleeping all day long. Past Progressive The train arrives at 5 am. Present Simple The train will leave in 10 minutes. Future Simple I cut my finger 3 days ago. Past Simple They have never been to Rome. Present Perfect Right now he is telling them an interesting story. Present Progressive I had moved to LA after living in New York. Past Perfect They will have finished this project by next Friday. Future Perfect He has not come yet. Present Perfect Exercise 2. Put the verb in the correct form. When I met him yesterday, he was eating a pie. By the end of the next year, we will have produced three tons of soap. She loves cakes and hates broccoli. What are those people doing in the middle of the road? I have been to the Pyramids. When they came home, they realized that someone had broken into their house. I’m glad to see you! I have been waiting for you for 3 hours. I was listening to the lecture carefully yesterday but I didn’t understand anything. He was reading a book at 5 o’clock yesterday. Tomorrow morning I will be busy, I will be playing football with my kids.

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Exercise Put the verb in the correct form. Answer3.Keys Look, Jim is swimming across the river! I lost my keys when I was playing basketball yesterday. In a year, he will buy a cottage for his family. While you were sleeping, your mother arrived. I promise I will not leave you. He can’t hang out with you, he is playing hockey now. He often brings me flowers. Did you see her yesterday? Granny taught me English when I was seven. When I came home yesterday, my brother was sleeping. Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any. Do you wearing a red shirt now? Are you wearing a red shirt now? I have never been in Moscow. I have never been to Moscow. My brother don’t call me very often. My brother doesn’t call me very often. What are you looking at? Correct. We will finish this project by the end of the week. We will have finished this project by the end of the week. He hasn’t answered me yet. Correct. I promise I never leave you. I promise I will never leave you. She lives with her parents this week. She is living with her parents this week. Mary has dinner with her sister tomorrow at 3 o’clock. Mary is having/is going to have dinner with her sister tomorrow at 3 o’clock. When he finally came home, the guests had already left. Correct.

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2 Articles Exercise 1. Put the article a/an where necessary. I need to go to the shop to buy milk and a loaf of bread. Please turn on the radio, I'd like to listen to the news. Would you like to go for a walk with me in the evening? I hope you have a good time in Moscow. Please don't scream, I’ve got a headache! I’ve got a good idea. Let’s buy a new car. He was late, I had to wait for him for half an hour. My brother works 6 days a week. Exercise 2. Put the article the where necessary. After living in Portugal for a year he could speak Portuguese fluently. My dad likes to read the Times in the mornings. I heard about an interesting film. The film is called “Titanic”. Open the door and turn on the light. Which is the shortest month of the year? The Earth is our home, we need to keep it clean for future generations. She left a book in class so she had to return to the university to get it. You will always find some interesting books in the library.

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Exercise 3. Put an appropriate article, a/an or the. The Smiths have a dog and a cat. She was the first woman to swim across the English Channel. At the end of a busy day, sleep is the best way to restore your energy. She has got a terrible headache. I had a very interesting holiday in England. My mother is an accountant and my father is a lawyer. They work in the same company in the center of our town. Ann has been looking for a job for a long time. Yesterday, I bought a pair of shoes. Unfortunately, the shoes are too tight. Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any. It is evident that the people want peace. Correct The acting was poor, but we enjoyed a music. The acting was poor, but we enjoyed the music. Bring milk from the kitchen. Correct Tell her truth. Tell her the truth. Against her parents’ wish, she wants to be the doctor. Against her parents’ wishes, she wants to be a doctor. The article was published in the Times on the May 10th. The article was published in the Times on May 10th. Money, which my father gave me, is running out. Correct He was extremely boring fellow. He was an extremely boring fellow. There was dead mouse in the corner. There was a dead mouse in the corner. Can you give me that book over there? Correct

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3 Modal Verbs Exercise 1. Choose the correct modal verb. I’m sure he will be able to do this homework tomorrow. When I was young, I could run for miles. You have wonderful cigars, Mr. Johnson. May I take one with your permission? I had to wear a suit for the interview yesterday. Though he could hardly speak, he was able to finish the lecture. Our car broke down and we had to walk to the station. You look tired. You should stop working so hard. You must come to the meeting, our CEO is very strict about it. Exercise 2. Choose the appropriate verb. You must go to bed now, it’s midnight already. He can speak Spanish, he studied it at school. She should read this book, she has an exam tomorrow. I must go home now, it’s very late. The students may use a calculator in the Math lessons. My mother can cook many delicious dishes, and our family loves it. My father can drive a car really well. You should ask his advice, he is really good at economics. Kate can remember a lot of words, she knows a lot of poems by heart. Exercise 3. Correct the mistakes, if there are any. You don’t can go to the party. You can’t go to the party. He musts call her twice a day. He must call her twice a day. Jane must to go there. Jane must go there. I can join you. Correct. He not must be late. He must not be late. Can his brother speak English? Correct. You don’t must smoke here. You must not smoke here.

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4 Reported speech Exercise 1. Change the sentences from direct speech to reported speech. The secretary said, «The press conference is taking place now in the main hall.» — The secretary said that the press conference was taking place then in the main hall. My brother said, «Aunt Molly will come on Friday.» — My brother said that Aunt Molly would come on Friday. The students said, «We had two tests last week.» — The students said that they had had two tests the previous week. Her daughter said, «I am not listening to music now.» — Her daughter said that she was not listening to music then. My friend said, «I have visited all these places.» — My friend said that he/she had visited all those places. She said, «I haven't spoken to him since yesterday.» — She said that she hadn't spoken to him since the day before. Jane said, «I was in the library two days ago.» — Jane said that she had been in the library two days before. The boy said, «I was not watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday.» — The boy said that he had not been watching TV at 8 o’clock the day before. He said, «I will visit you next Friday.» — He said that he would visit me the following Friday. She said, «I will be leaving home at 10 o’clock tonight.» — She said that she would be leaving her home at 10 o’clock that evening.

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Exercise 2. Write the questions in the reported speech. She asked them, “When will he come back?”. — She asked them when he would come back. He asked, “Have you been working on this problem?”. — He asked if I had been working on that problem. She asked, “Were you at the museum yesterday?”. — She asked if I had been at the museum the day before. She asked, “When is he leaving school?”. — She asked when he was leaving school. He asked, “Where did she buy this hat?”. — He asked where she had bought that hat. He asked, “How much did she pay for it?”. — He asked how much she had paid for it. He asked, “Has she been reading this book since Monday?”. — He asked if she had been reading that book since Monday. Jane asked, “Can anybody tell me the truth?”. — Jane asked if anybody could tell her the truth. He asked, “Will you be at the party tonight?”. — He asked if I would be at the party that night.

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Exercise 3. Write the quotes of famous people in reported speech. 1.

“I can’t resist anything but temptation. ” (Oscar Wilde) Oscar Wilde said that he couldn’t resist anything but temptation.

2. “It has long been an axiom of mine that the little things are the most important”(Conan Doyle) Conan Doyle said that it had long been an axiom of his that the little things were the most important. 3. “The world is so full of a number of things, I’m sure we should all be happy as kings”. (Robert Stevenson) Robert Stevenson wrote that the world was so full of a number of things, he was sure we should all be happy as kings. 4. “Never take anything for granted”. (Benjamin Disraeli) Benjamin Disraeli asked us to never take anything for granted. 5. “If you want to be successful, you must look successful.” (Thomas Moore) Thomas Moore said if you want to be successful, you must look successful. 6. “Don’t anticipate trouble or worry about what may never happen. Keep in the sunlight.”(Benjamin Franklin) Benjamin Franklin advised us not to anticipate trouble or worry about what may never happen and to keep in the sunlight.

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Exercise 4. Correct the mistakes, if there are any. The instructor asked me if I can swim. The instructor asked me if I could swim. He said me that he had been waiting for me here. He told to me that he had been waiting for me here. She asked me where I had lived five years ago. Correct. Mr. Geller told that he missed his hometown. Mr. Geller told me that he missed his hometown. The parking attendant directed to park our car on the left. The parking attendant directed us to park our car on the left. The man asked the boy to tell him what is the time. The man asked the boy to tell him what time it was He wanted to know why Julie is missing a class today. He wanted to know why Julie was missing a class today. He asked me if Jerry had been sick yesterday. Correct.

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5 Conditionals Exercise 1. Open the brackets and put the verb in the correct form. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

If I see him, I will tell him the news. If she eats all the cakes, she will get sick. They will be furious if they hear this. You would learn more if you studied sometimes. If I find уour bag, I will let you know. If we had nothing to do, life would be boring. If you had called, I would have met you at the station. The teacher will get angry if you make many mistakes. You’ll miss the bus if you don’t leave at once. If he had studied better, he would have passed this exam.

Exercise 2. Match 1-8 with A-H. 1 - D. 2 - A. 3 - F. 4 - B. 5 - H. 6 - G. 7 - E. 8 - C. Exercise 3. Use the verbs in brackets to make 1) a real condition 2) an unreal condition 1. If I (know), I (tell) you the truth. If I know, I will tell you the truth. If I knew, I would tell you the truth. 2. If he (have) enough money, he (buy) a large house. If he has enough money, he will buy a large house. If he had enough money, he would buy a large house. 3. She (feel) lonely if John (go) away. She will feel lonely if John goes away. She would feel lonely if John went away.

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4. If we (can) come on Friday, we (come). If we can come on Friday, we will come. If we could come on Friday, we would come. 5. I (understand) Mr. Gibbs if he (speak) slowly. I understand Mr. Gibbs if he speaks slowly. I would understand Mr. Gibbs if he spoke slowly.

6 Verbs and adjectives with prepositions Exercise 1. Match the verbs with the prepositions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

To apologize for. To apply for. To depend on. To graduate from. To laugh at. To congratulate on. To rely on. To wait for. To protect from. To listen to.

Exercise 2. Match the adjectives with the prepositions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

To be accused of. To be capable of. To be angry at. To be disappointed in. To be amazed by. To be successful at. To be bad at. To be skilled in. To be hopeful of. To be shocked by.

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Exercise 3. Write a suitable preposition. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

I hope you recover quickly from from the illness. It depends on how much money I have in my wallet. I think that coat will shield me from the cold. Soon, they must escape from this place. It is unnecessary to add so much sugar to the milk. When concentrating on something interesting, you forget about everything else. 7. They didn’t comment on my behavior. 8. I apologize to everybody for my absence at the conference. Exercise 4. Write a suitable preposition. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

They are afraid of losing their money. You have to be careful of making making mistakes. I can’t work with him. He is bad at everything. I am not jealous of her. I was surprised at your appearance. I applied for the job that I saw advertised in the paper. I was never really good at singing. Who does this car belong to?

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FINAL THOUGHTS Congratulations! You did it! You completed all the exercises in this book! It's even a little sad since we've gone through so much together. I hope this workbook has helped to motivate you to learn English in both the traditional sense and in ways that show you how easily English can be integrated into your life. I know that it is difficult to remember all the information from the book in, so be sure to revisit the information and refresh your knowledge by following the roadmap again from time to time. Don't forget to check out our recommended collections of videos, movies, podcasts, and books. By making small changes every day, you will keep your English in good shape. We want to give you a gift for all your hard work — use the promo code DAILYENG30 for a $30 discount on any LinguaTrip Marathon and intensive course. This is to enable you to make progress in English even faster. So that all the work wasn’t done for nothing and the acquired skills stick with you, you need to study English constantly. LinguaTrip courses will help you maintain the regularity of classes and boost your language skills. On our website, you will find a course for any purpose and level: improve your pronunciation, enrich your vocabulary, understand grammar, or prepare for an exam. What is even more important is that learning with us will help make English an integral part of you, and you will be able to actively use it in your professional and everyday life. Go to the website, choose the course you like and upgrade your language skills! Great job! See you soon! Marina

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