Angol szóbeli gyakorlatok - Érettségizőknek és nyelvvizsgázóknak 9789631977493 [PDF]

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Róth Nóra – Senkár Szilvia – Tóth Zita

Angol

szóbeli gyakorlatok

É R E T T S É G I Z ő K N E K É S N Y E LV V I Z S G Á Z Ó K N A K Átdolgozott, bôvített kiadás

Oktatáskutató és Fejlesztő Intézet, Budapest OKTATÁSI HIVATAL

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A kiadvány 2016. 01. 27-től tankönyvi engedélyt kapott a TKV/133–9/2016. számú határozattal. A tankönyv megfelel az 51/2012. (XII. 21.) EMMI-rendelet 3. sz. melléklet: Kerettanterv a gimnáziumok 9–12. évfolyama számára (3.2.02.1), (3.2.03.1); 4. sz. melléklet: Kerettanterv a gimnáziumok 7–12. évfolyama számára (4.2.02.1), (4.2.03.1.1), (4.2.03.1.2); 5. sz. melléklet: Kerettanterv a gimnáziumok 5–12. évfolyama számára (5.2.02.1), (5.2.03.1.1); 6. sz. melléklet: Kerettanterv a szakközépiskolák 9–12. évfolyama számára (6.2.02.1), (6.4.2); és a 7. számú melléklet: A miniszter által egyes iskolatípusra, pedagógiai szakaszra, tantárgyra, vagy egyes sajátos köznevelési feladat teljesítéséhez készített kerettantervek (7.1.1) megnevezésű kerettantervek, valamint a 17/2004. (V. 20.) OM-rendelet 3. sz. melléklet megnevezésű kerettanterv előírásainak. A tankönyv megfelel a NAT 2012 előírásainak: 110/2012. (VI. 4.) korm. rendelet (NAT 2012), és az érettségi vizsga követelményeinek: 40/2002. (V. 24.) OM-rendelet, valamint 33/2015. (VI. 24.) EMMI-rendelet Az érettségi vizsga részletes követelményeiről szóló 40/2002. (V. 24.) OM-rendelet módosításáról. A tankönyvvé nyilvánítási eljárásban közreműködő szakértők: Csótainé dr. Bárczy Klára, Varga István Anyanyelvi lektor: Patricia Hughes Fotók: Flickr: Christopher, CJ Sorg, iMorpheus, Jim Lindquist, Andrew Ratto, Rego - d4u, Korom, deetail38, Kathrin & Stefan Marks, half_alive, Michael Jones, Sami Keinänen, Jessie Pearl, English106, vancouverfilmschool, Justin Brown, Patrik Tschudin, Rona Proudfoot, the Italian voice, NazarethCollege Dreamstime, iStock, Thinkstock, Phovoir, Kurucz Klári, OFI archívuma Tipográfia: B & B Grafikai Stúdió Kft. Fedélterv: Korda Ágnes Felelős szerkesztő: Ungor Barbara © Róth Nóra, Senkár Szilvia, Tóth Zita, Oktatási Hivatal (Oktatáskutató és Fejlesztő Intézet), 2016 Minden jog fenntartva, beleértve a sokszorosítás, a mű bővített, illetve rövidített változatának kiadási jogát is! A kiadó írásbeli engedélye nélkül sem a teljes mű, sem annak része semmiféle formában nem reprodukálható.

ISBN 978-963-19-7749-3

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Oktatási Hivatal 1055 Budapest, Szalay utca 10–14. Telefon: (+36-1) 374-2100 E-mail: [email protected] A kiadásért felel: dr. Gloviczki Zoltán elnök Raktári szám: NT-56480/NAT Tankönyvkiadási koordinációs osztályvezető: Horváth Zoltán Ákos Műszaki szerkesztő: Orlai Márton, Knausz Valéria Grafikai szerkesztő: Görög Istvánné Terjedelem: 24,72 (A/5) ív Tömeg: 420 gramm 1. kiadás, 2020 Nyomdai előkészítés: B&B Grafikai Stúdió Kft. Nyomta és kötötte az Alföldi Nyomda Zrt., Debrecen Felelős vezető: György Géza vezérigazgató A nyomdai megrendelés törzsszáma:

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ELÔSZÓ kötet, amelyet amelyet kezében kezében tart, tart,azonos azonoscímű, című,jól jólismert ismertés ésnépszerű népszerű kiadványunk kiadványunk átdolgozott, átdolgozott, bővített bővített kiadása. kötet, amelyet kezében tart, azonos című, jól ismert és népszerű kiadványunk átdolgozott, bővített kiadása. kiadása. AAA kötet, Gyakorlókönyvünk elsősorban a középszintű angol érettségi vizsga szóbeli részére való felkészüléshez / felkészítéshez Gyakorlókönyvünk elsősorban elsősorban aa középszintű középszintű angol angol érettségi érettségi vizsga vizsga szóbeli szóbeli részére részére való való felkészüléshez felkészüléshez // felkészítéshez felkészítéshez Gyakorlókönyvünk kíván segítséget segítséget nyújtani. nyújtani. AA A könyvben könyvben található található gyakorlófeladatok gyakorlófeladatok megfelelnek 2015-ben egységesített* kíván segítséget nyújtani. könyvben található gyakorlófeladatok megfelelnek megfelelnek aaa 2015-ben 2015-ben egységesített* egységesített* (2017. (2017. január január kíván (2017. január 1-től hatályos) középszintű idegen nyelvi szóbeli érettségi követelményeinek és feladattípusainak. 1-től hatályos) hatályos) középszintű középszintű idegen idegen nyelvi nyelvi szóbeli szóbeli érettségi érettségi követelményeinek követelményeinek és és feladattípusainak. feladattípusainak. 1-től könyv aaa tíz tíz érettségi érettségi témakörre témakörre épül. épül. AA A tematikus tematikus fejezetekben fejezetekben az az adott témához tartozó kérdések és mintaválaszok, könyv tíz érettségi témakörre épül. tematikus fejezetekben az adott adott témához témához tartozó tartozó kérdések kérdések és és mintaválaszok, mintaválaszok, AAA könyv szituációk és önálló témakifejtési feladatok találhatók. A szituációkhoz és az önálló témakifejtési feladatokhoz szituációk és és önálló önálló témakifejtési témakifejtési feladatok feladatok találhatók. találhatók. AA szituációkhoz szituációkhoz és és az az önálló önálló témakifejtési témakifejtési feladatokhoz feladatokhoz szituációk mintamegoldásokat is adunk. Valamennyi fejezetet tematikus szószedet zárja. mintamegoldásokat is is adunk. adunk. Valamennyi Valamennyi fejezetet fejezetet tematikus tematikus szószedet szószedet zárja. zárja. mintamegoldásokat társalgási feladat feladat (Conversation) kérdései – újszerű megoldásként –, továbbibomlanak alkérdésekre és a szerint tanuló társalgási feladat kérdései kérdései –újszerű –újszerű megoldásként–, további alkérdésekre alkérdésekre bomlanak és aabomlanak tanuló igénye igénye szerint AAA társalgási megoldásként–, további és tanuló igénye szerint válogathat a változatos szókincset felvonultató mintaválaszok között. válogathat aa változatos változatos szókincset szókincset felvonultató felvonultató mintaválaszok mintaválaszok között. között. válogathat szituációkpróbára (Situations) próbára teszik a tanulók problémamegoldó képességét, kezdeményező és interakciós készszituációk próbára teszik tanulók problémamegoldó képességét, kezdeményező kezdeményező és interakciós interakciós készségét. készségét. Az érdekérdekAAAszituációk teszik aa tanulók problémamegoldó képességét, és Az ségét. Az érdeklődési körüknek és életkoruknak megfelelő helyzetekben kell döntéseket hozniuk, információt szerezlődési körüknek körüknek és és életkoruknak életkoruknak megfelelő megfelelő helyzetekben helyzetekben kell kell döntéseket döntéseket hozniuk, hozniuk, információt információt szerezniük, szerezniük, megmeglődési niük, meggyőzniük valakit,adniuk, tanácsotjavaslatot adniuk, javaslatot diáktárs vagy által beszélgetőpartnernek alakított beszélgetőpartnergyőzniük valakit, tanácsot tanácsot adniuk, javaslatot tenniük. AAtenniük. diáktársAvagy vagy tanár általtanár alakított beszélgetőpartnernek szóló győzniük valakit, tenniük. diáktárs tanár által alakított szóló nek szóló információk a könyv végén találhatók. információk (Prompts) a(Prompts) a könyv könyv végén végén találhatók. információk (Prompts) találhatók. Az önálló önálló témakifejtési témakifejtésifeladatok feladatokképi (Presentation/Individual turn) képi stimulussal segítiktudjon a vizsgázót abban, hogy Az önálló témakifejtési feladatok képi stimulussal segítik segítik aalong vizsgázót abban, hogy önállóan önállóan tudjon megnyilvánulni egy Az stimulussal vizsgázót abban, hogy megnyilvánulni egy önállóan tudjon megnyilvánulni egy adott témával kapcsolatban. A megadott irányító szempontok segítséget nyújtaadott témával témával kapcsolatban. kapcsolatban. AA megadott megadott irányító irányító szempontok szempontok segítséget segítséget nyújtanak nyújtanak aa gondolatok gondolatok egybefüggő, egybefüggő, adott nak a gondolatok egybefüggő, szabatos kifejtéséhez, és a személyes élmények, tapasztalatok, megfoszabatos kifejtéséhez, és aa személyes személyes élmények, tapasztalatok, gondolatok megfogalmazása felégondolatok vezetik aa tanulót. tanulót. szabatos kifejtéséhez, és élmények, tapasztalatok, gondolatok megfogalmazása felé vezetik galmazása felé vezetik a tanulót. Ezt aa feladatgyűjteményt feladatgyűjteményt jó jó szívvel szívvel ajánljuk ajánljuk más más szóbeli szóbeli nyelvvizsgákra nyelvvizsgákra való való felkészüléshez felkészüléshez is, is, mert mert az az érettségi érettségi vizsga vizsga Ezt Eztaaanyelvvizsgák feladatgyűjteményt jó szívvel ajánljukesetben más szóbeli nyelvvizsgákra felkészüléshez is, mert az érettségi vizsga és nyelvvizsgák feladattípusai számos esetben megegyeznek, vagyvaló nagyon hasonlítanak, valamint ugyanazokat és feladattípusai számos megegyeznek, vagy nagyon hasonlítanak, valamint ugyanazokat a nyelvvizsgák mérik, feladattípusai számos megegyeznek, vagy nagyon hasonlítanak, ugyanazokat részkészségeket mérik, ellenőrzik. ellenőrzik. Mivel esetben különböző nyelvvizsgák között eltérések is vannak, vannak,valamint fontos, hogy hogy tanuló aaésrészkészségeket Mivel aa különböző nyelvvizsgák között eltérések is fontos, aa tanuló a részkészségeket mérik, ellenőrzik. Mivel a különböző nyelvvizsgák között eltérések is vannak, fontos, hogy a tanuló tájékozódjon arról arról aa vizsgatípusról, vizsgatípusról, amelyre amelyre jelentkezik. jelentkezik. tájékozódjon tájékozódjon a tanórai vizsgatípusról, amelyre jelentkezik. Könyvünk nemarról csak tanórai kereteken kereteken belüli feldolgozásra feldolgozásra alkalmas, alkalmas, az az önálló önálló otthoni otthoni felkészüléshez felkészüléshez is is hasznos hasznos lehet. lehet. Könyvünk nem csak belüli Könyvünk nem csak tanórai kereteken belüli alkalmas, az önálló otthoni hasznos lehet. Reméljük kiadványunk kiadványunk beváltja beváltja aa hozzá hozzá fűzött fűzöttfeldolgozásra reményeket és és valóban megkönnyíti megkönnyíti nemfelkészüléshez csak aa diákok, diákok, is hanem tanárok Reméljük reményeket valóban nem csak hanem aa tanárok Reméljük is. kiadványunk beváltja a hozzá fűzött reményeket és valóban megkönnyíti nem csak a diákok, hanem a tanárok munkáját is. munkáját munkáját is. Sok sikert sikert kívánnak, kívánnak, Sok Sok sikert kívánnak, szerzôk aa szerzôk a szerzők A KÖZÉPSZINTÛ KÖZÉPSZINTÛ SZÓBELI SZÓBELI ÉRETTSÉGI ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA VIZSGA MENETE MENETE A A KÖZÉPSZINTŰ SZÓBELI ÉRETTSÉGI VIZSGA MENETE szóbeli tétel tétel három három feladatból feladatból áll. áll. Kidolgozásukhoz Kidolgozásukhoz felkészülési felkészülési idő idő nincs, nincs, de de aa második második és és harmadik harmadik feladat feladat AA szóbeli végiggondolásához a vizsgázónak rövid (körülbelül fél perc) gondolkodási idő áll rendelkezésére. A vizsga rövid végiggondolásához a vizsgázónak rövid (körülbelül fél perc) gondolkodási idő áll rendelkezésére. A vizsga rövid A szóbeli tétel három feladatból áll. Kidolgozásukhoz felkészülési idő nincs, de a második és harmadik feladat bevezetô, bemelegítô kérdésekkel kezdődik, amelyek célja az, hogy a vizsgázó ráhangolódjon az angol nyelv bevezetô, bemelegítô kérdésekkel kezdődik, amelyek célja az, hogy a vizsgázó ráhangolódjon az angol nyelv végiggondolásához a vizsgázónak rövid (körülbelül fél perc) gondolkodási idő áll rendelkezésére. A vizsga rövid használatára. Az itt itt elhangzottakat elhangzottakat nem értékelik. értékelik. használatára. Az nem bevezető, bemelegítő kérdésekkel kezdődik, amelyek célja az, hogy a vizsgázó ráhangolódjon az angol nyelv hasznáAz elsô feladatban, a társalgásban a vizsgázó néhány olyan olyan kérdésre kérdésre válaszol, válaszol, amelyek amelyek saját saját személyéhez, személyéhez, Az elsô feladatban, a társalgásban a vizsgázó néhány latára. Az itt elhangzottakat nem értékelik. közvetlen környezetéhez és hétköznapi tevékenységeihez kapcsolódnak. A társalgás egy témát érint. közvetlen környezetéhez és hétköznapi tevékenységeihez kapcsolódnak. A társalgás egy témát érint. Az első feladatban, a társalgásban a vizsgázó néhány olyan kérdésre válaszol, amelyek saját személyéhez, közvetlen második feladat, feladat, szerepjáték során aa vizsgázónak vizsgázónak egy mindennapi mindennapi élethelyzethez hasonlító szituációban szituációban kell kell AAkörnyezetéhez második aa szerepjáték során egy élethelyzethez hasonlító és hétköznapi tevékenységeihez kapcsolódnak. A társalgás egy témát érint. részt vennie, amelyben partnere a vizsgáztató. A vizsgázó feladata az, hogy a tételben meghatározott beszédrészt vennie, amelyben partnere a vizsgáztató. A vizsgázó feladata az, hogy a tételben meghatározott beszédA második feladat, a szerepjáték során a vizsgázónak egy mindennapi élethelyzethez hasonlító szituációban kell helyzetben, meghatározott cél elérése érdekében érdekében különböző kommunikációs szándékok felhasználásával helyzetben, meghatározott elérése különböző kommunikációs felhasználásával részt vennie,aaamelyben partnerecél a vizsgáztató. A vizsgázó feladata az, hogy a tételbenszándékok meghatározott beszédhelybeszélgetést (interakciót vagy tranzakciót) folytasson, azaz megfelelő kérdéseket tegyen fel, illetve az elhangbeszélgetést (interakciót vagy tranzakciót) folytasson, azaz megfelelő kérdéseket tegyen fel, illetve elhangzetben, a meghatározott cél elérése érdekében különböző kommunikációs szándékok felhasználásávalaz beszélgezottakra adekvát módon reagáljon. A vizsgázó számára készült angol nyelvű leírás rögzíti a szituációt, a szerepeket zottakra adekvát módon reagáljon. A vizsgázó számára készült angol nyelvű leírás rögzíti a szituációt, a szerepeket tést (interakciót vagy tranzakciót) folytasson, azaz megfelelő kérdéseket tegyen fel, illetve az elhangzottakra adekvát és az elérendő elérendő célt, továbbászámára tartalmazhat néhány szavasleírás angol szöveget, egyszerű képet, rajzot, rajzot, ábrát. és az célt, továbbá tartalmazhat szavas angol szöveget, egyszerű képet, módon reagáljon. A vizsgázó készültnéhány angol nyelvű rögzíti a szituációt, a szerepeket és az ábrát. elérendő célt, harmadik feladatban, az önálló témakifejtésben, a vizsgázónak azt kell megmutatnia, hogy képes-e hétköznapi, életAAtovábbá harmadik feladatban, az önálló témakifejtésben, a vizsgázónak azt kell megmutatnia, hogy képes-e hétköznapi, élettartalmazhat néhány szavas angol szöveget, egyszerű képet, rajzot, ábrát. tapasztalataihoz kapcsolódó témákban gondolatait, véleményét részletesen, összefüggően kifejteni verbális vagy tapasztalataihoz kapcsolódó témákban gondolatait, véleményét részletesen, összefüggően kifejteni verbális vagy A harmadik feladatban, az önálló témakifejtésben, a vizsgázónak azt kell megmutatnia, hogy képes-e hétköznapi, vizuális segédanyagok alapján. AAtémákban vizsgázónak ebben aa feladatban feladatban egy témáról aa összefüggően hozzá kapcsolódó kapcsolódó két kép kép (fénykép, (fénykép, vizuális segédanyagok alapján. vizsgázónak ebben témáról hozzá két élet­tapasztalataihoz kapcsolódó gondolatait, véleményétegy részletesen, kifejteni verbális vagy rajz) és megadott irányítószempontok vagy kizárólag irányító szempontok alapján kell beszélnie. Ha a vizsgázó rajz) és megadott irányítószempontok vagy kizárólag irányító szempontok alapján kell beszélnie. Ha a vizsgázó vizuális segédanyagok alapján. A vizsgázónak ebben a feladatban egy témáról a hozzá kapcsolódó két kép (fénykép, elakad, vizsgáztató rövid segítő segítő kérdéseket kérdéseket tehet fel. fel.irányító feladatok megoldásához szótár nem használható. használható. elakad, vizsgáztató rövid tehet AA feladatok megoldásához nem rajz) és aamegadott irányítószempontok vagy kizárólag szempontok alapjánszótár kell beszélnie. Ha a vizsgázó elakad, a vizsgáztató rövid segítő kérdéseket tehet fel. A feladatok megoldásához szótár nem használható.

*ld Magyar Közlöny, 2015. 89.szám *ld *ld Magyar Magyar Közlöny, Közlöny, 2015. 2015. 89.szám 89.szám

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

CONVERSATION

1/1 WHAT WOULD YOU SAY ABOUT YOURSELF? Do you like your name? Do you know what it means?

My name is … and I think it is a/an (very nice / modern / traditional / Hungarian / exotic) ... name. It comes from the (Greek / Latin / German) ... language and it means … I like my name because (it sounds good / I was named after my grandmother) ...

When and where were you born? I was born in (Budapest) … on (January 21st, 19.../20...) ... My birthday is (January 21st) … My birthplace is (Budapest) … Where do you live?

I come from (Eger) … I live in a town / village near (Székesfehérvár) … I grew up in (Sopron) … but when I was 10 we moved to (Zalaegerszeg) …

What do you do and what I am a (full time student / school-leaver) … schools do you / did you attend? I attend / attended (... Grammar School / ... Secondary Technical School) in (Pécs) … I am on a/an (English / Mathematics) course … Can you say something about your personality, family and hobbies?

I have my (mother’s / father’s) … personality because I am (determined / hard-working / sociable) … I come from a/an (small / large / average) … family, I have (only a few cousins / lots of aunts, uncles and cousins) … I am fond of (nature / animals / reading / music) …

What do you consider the most important events of your life so far?

I clearly remember when I (went to primary school / had my first football training session / met my best friend / lost my grandmother) … but, of course, I don’t remember when I (learned to walk / started to talk / went to nursery)… Learning to (write / read / count / play the piano / drive / cook) … was also important in my life because (it became my hobby / I really enjoy doing it / I made many new friends on the course) … The day I (left primary school / entered secondary school / started learning Spanish / started commuting to school) ... changed my life because I (had more responsibilities / became a young adult in my parents’ eyes / could make decisions for myself) …

1/2 COULD YOU TELL ME A FEW THINGS ABOUT YOUR CLOSE AND EXTENDED FAMILY? How would you introduce your family to someone?

I come from a/an (big / small / average) … family, we are (five: my mother, my father, my brother, my sister) ... and myself. I have (several / six / not too many / very few) ... cousins, (many / a few) ... aunts and uncles, (only two / fortunately all four) ... grandparents, ... We don’t keep in touch with (my American relatives as they live far away / our distant relatives as we never see them) ... We keep in touch with (almost all of my relatives / most of my relatives) ...

What are your parents like? What do they do?

My parents are (46 years old) ..., and they work (for an international company / in the education sector) ... My mother / My father has (brown hair / highlights in her hair) ... They like (gardening / classic movies / card games) ...

Do you have any brothers or sisters? What are they like?

I have (two) ... brother(s) and (one) ... sister(s). My (elder / twin) sister / My (younger) brother looks like (my mother / my grandfather / me) ... They are all (students / working already) ... except for my (big sister / little brother) ... who is (a lawyer / still at primary school) ...

How do you usually spend your time with your family?

We only meet our distant relatives (at family events / at weddings / once a year at Christmas) ... I sometimes go to (the amusement park / the zoo) ... with my (parents / brothers and sisters / grandparents) … I like it especially when we (sit at home and play board games / go for a walk in the nearby forest / work together in the garden / have a barbecue in the garden)

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY Do you have a favourite member of your family?

CONVERSATION

My (American uncle / musician cousin) ... is the black sheep of the family. He / She (is very strange / is always funny / wears weird clothes) ..., but we all like him / her. I love my (grandmother / grandfather) ... the most because she / he (is always so cheerful / tells me fantastic stories all the time / taught me things such as fishing and playing chess) ... I love them all equally; I think all of them are (wonderful people / generous and loving) ...

1/3 WHAT SORTS OF FAMILIES EXIST IN HUNGARY AND ABROAD? What kinds of families have you seen around you?

Families can be very different in size and in terms of who belongs to them. In some cases (the mother / the father) is missing due to (divorce / separation / death)... or because (the mother had the child out of wedlock / it was always a single-parent family)... Some families are larger than the average because (several generations live together / the parents decided to adopt additionally / parents brought children from previous relationships creating patchwork families)..., but it is (great / fun)... to have so many people around us because (we can learn from each other / they tell us fantastic stories / we always have company/someone to talk to / there is never a dull minute in our house)... Sometimes (it’s not easy / I really don’t like)... living in a huge family because (we have less privacy / some of them are not easy to live with / we argue a lot / older children have more responsibilities taking care of the smaller ones)... I’m an only child and (I actually like being alone / it is sometimes difficult that I get all my parents’ attention / sometimes it would be nice to have a sister or a brother)...

Have you ever met someone in your class whose family was different from yours?

Most of my friends and classmates have a typical family, they live with their mother, father and one or two siblings, but I have some friends (whose parents divorced / who come from a single parent family / who live with their grandparents / who live in a foster home / who come from a foster family)... I’ve met several foreign people in chat rooms who (are boomerang kids which means that they still live at home with their parents / moved abroad to work and left their families behind / who already have a family at a very young age / cannot move out and start an independent life because they are either unemployed or they don’t earn enough money to live on)... which (is very interesting / is hard to believe / I can’t identify with / is very common in Hungary as well)... I’ve heard that (there are communities with poligamist families in the US where one man has several wives / all around the world there are fewer and fewer marriages and more and more cohabitations among people)…

What kind of family would you like to have in the future?

I’d like to have a (small / big / typical)... family in the future with (only one child / lots of children / two children)... I haven’t thought about it that much, but if I don’t have children of my own, I can still (adopt a child later in life / meet someone who already has children from a previous relationship)... I think I want to focus on (my career / building a family / studying)... first and (have children / go abroad / have a career)... later in life.

What are the possibilities to meet people and create relationships nowadays?

I think if you go to (concerts / parties / discos / sports events / cultural events)... you can (meet a lot of people / make friends / build relationships / meet the right one / find love)... quite easily. Nowadays it’s really difficult to meet people because (nobody goes anywhere / everyone sits at home in front of the computer / people don’t trust each other like they did before)... There are completely new ways of meeting people today such as (internet chat rooms / online dating sites / social networks)... which help people to find one another, but it can be (dangerous / difficult)... (to meet them / to get to know them / to find the right one / to trust them)... 7

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

CONVERSATION

1/4 DO YOU USUALLY DO SOME OF THE HOUSEHOLD CHORES? What do you have to do at home?

I don’t really like (doing the washing up / doing the washing / washing the floor / ironing / sweeping the floor) … Although I hate (dusting the furniture / hoovering / cleaning the windows) ... I have to do it sometimes. There is always a lot to do, so I help my mother with (watering the flowers / tidying up / cleaning up the mess / hanging out the washing) ... Sharing the housework is never easy, but in my family (everybody has to do something / everybody is responsible for his/her own room) …

Who do you think does the most in the household?

I think we all work a lot. I have to admit that (my mother does most of the work / I could help my mother more / I sometimes let my brother do most of the tidying up) ... It’s not easy to tell who (does the most as we share the work) …

What can make these duties easier?

Fortunately, we have some labour-saving devices such as the (hoover / food mixer / microwave-oven / washing machine / dishwasher) … Using these household gadgets can make (life / cooking / cleaning the house) … (a lot easier / quicker) … Even my father has finally learnt how to use the (washing machine / dishwasher / coffee maker / toaster) …

How often do you usually clean your room?

I’m not a very tidy person, so (my mother often helps me with tidying my room / my mother usually tells me to clear up the mess in my room / I usually have my clothes and books all over the floor in my room) … I like to keep my place clean and tidy, that’s why (I always put my things back on the shelf / I have very well-organised drawers) … I usually do the tidying up on (Saturday / Friday afternoon / Sunday morning) … because (I have time then) …

1/5 WHAT ARE YOUR PERSONAL PLANS FOR THE NEXT YEAR, OR FOR THE NEXT FIVE TO TEN YEARS? How far ahead do you usually plan?

I never make plans because (I don’t know what the future holds / they could be affected by so many things) … I don’t like to plan too far ahead, but I would definitely like to (have a family / live in the countryside / have several children) …in the next 10 years. I sometimes think about my (plans to go to university / life when I am forty or fifty)…

What do you think your next year will look like? Do you plan to go to university or to college?

If I want to become a (lawyer / doctor / vet / teacher) … I’ll have to go to (law school / medical school / university / college) … I wouldn’t like / don’t want to study (chemistry / literature / mathematics) ... because I never (liked it / understood the purpose of it) … I’d like to study (engineering / biology / accounting) … so that I can become a/an (engineer / biology teacher / accountant) ... (I don’t know / I’m not sure) ... (where / what) ... I want to (study / do / work) … but I will have to decide sooner or later.

What about five years’ time when you finish university or college? Where would you like to work?

I’ll have to find a/an (workplace / apprenticeship) … where I can (start working / learn the different aspects of a job) … I could even try to find work (abroad / in a private school / at an international company / in a nearby factory) … It could be any kind of job as long as it (pays a reasonable salary / offers a nice environment / gives me job satisfaction) …

Where would you like to live?

It would be cool to live (in a big town / in the capital / abroad) … I will either (stay at home with my family for a while) ... or (rent a flat) … I might even (apply for a scholarship abroad / ask for a bank loan and buy a flat) …

What do you plan for the future?

One thing is sure, (I want to have a steady job and a good salary before I have a family / I will try to get a job as soon as possible) … I will probably get married at the age of (30) … and (have some kids by the age of thirty-five / settle down somewhere) ... Having (a family / a well-paid job) … is also part of my future plans.

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

SITUATIONS

1/1 INTRODUCE YOURSELF You are a Hungarian student and you are spending two weeks in an international camp. You have met a Swedish student (played by the examiner). Introduce yourself and ask him / her about the following: l l l l

where he / she comes from his / her family his / her school his / her hobbies / interests.

Start by greeting the Swedish student. 1/2 CHOOSE A HOST FAMILY You are taking part in a summer student exchange programme. You are going to stay with an English family for a month. Now you are talking to the programme organiser (played by the examiner) who is showing you three families. Ask questions about the families and choose one of them. l l l l

location of the family occupations of the host parents number of children, their names and ages pets.

The Jones family

The Richard family

The Watson family

Start by greeting the programme organiser. 1/3 AGREE ON THE HOUSEHOLD CHORES You are an exchange student in Scotland and your hosts have left for the weekend leaving their daughter / son behind. You have to discuss and decide who will do the following things over the weekend: wash up the dishes, water the garden, feed the dogs and do the shopping. Start by telling the daughter / son (played by the examiner) that you have to discuss something. 1/4 GIVE ADVICE TO YOUR FRIEND ABOUT HIS / HER FUTURE You are talking to your English friend (played by the examiner) on the phone. He / she is very disappointed because he / she didn’t get a place at university. Give him / her advice on what he / she should do until he / she can apply to university again. Use the following prompts for ideas: l l l l

learning something (to drive / ECDL / a language) helping at home (family business) working going abroad.

Start by greeting your friend on the phone.

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

1/1 INTRODUCE YOURSELF A – Hi! My name is . . . . And yours? B – Hello. I’m . . . . Nice to meet you. A – Nice to meet you, too. Where do you come from? B – I’m from Sweden. And you? A – I’m from Hungary. B – Wow, I’ve never met anybody from Hungary, but I know that Budapest is the capital city. Do you live in Budapest? A – No, I don’t. I live in Székesfehérvár. It’s a town not far from Budapest. Where do you live in Sweden? B – I live in Goteborg. A – I see. Do you go to school there too? B – No, I actually go to a boarding school in Stockholm. A – Really? What is it like? B – The school is very good and I have a lot of friends there. A – Don’t you miss your family? B – No, I see them every second weekend and my brother goes to this school as well. What about you? Do you have a big family? A – I’m an only child and I live with my parents and my grandmother. B – That’s nice. Do you go to school in Székesfehérvár? A – Yes, I do. I go to a special English class in a local grammar school. B – Is it a good school? Do you like going there? A – Yes, very much. There is a great atmosphere and I have many friends who I play basketball with in the afternoons. B – Oh, that’s great! A – Do you like playing basketball or any other sports? B – I love playing basketball. That’s one of my hobbies although I don’t have much free time. A – Do you feel like playing now? B – Yeah! Let’s go. 1/2 CHOOSE A HOST FAMILY A – Good morning. B – Good morning. Please take a seat. How can I help you? A – I’m taking part in a student exchange programme and I would like to choose a family to stay with. B – All right. You can choose from these families in the photos. A – Can I ask questions about them? B – Of course, you can. What would you like to know? A – Well, let me see. First of all, where do they live? B – We have the Jones family in London, the Richards in Brighton near the coast, and the Watson family on a farm near Oxford. A – What about the family in London? What do the parents do? B – The mother is a doctor and the father is a lawyer. They live in the city centre. A – How old are the kids? B – Sue is 5, and Peter is 12. A – Do they have any pets? B – As far as I know, they have a goldfish. A – That’s very nice. What about the second family? What do the parents do? B – The father is a fisherman and the mother is a shop assistant. Their son is the same age as you are. A – What’s his name? B – His name is Paul. A – So this is the family from Brighton, right? Where exactly is Brighton? B – It is in a beautiful area on the south coast. A – Wow. Do they have a goldfish as well? B – No, they don’t, but they have three cats. A – Really? I love cats, but I would like to choose a family where there is a girl about the same age as I am. B – Then there is this family in the third picture. There are three children and the oldest one is exactly your age. A – What’s her name? B – Her name is Maggie and she also has five cats. A – Wow, five cats? Where do they live? B – They live on a farm so they have lots of animals. A – OK. I would like to choose this family then because I’ve never lived on a farm. B – All right. That’s a good choice. I’ll prepare the documents for you. A – Thank you very much. 10

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

1/3 AGREE ON THE HOUSEHOLD CHORES A – There’s something we should discuss. Your Mum and Dad have left for the weekend and there are some things we need to do. B – What are you talking about exactly? A – I am talking about the household chores. You know, things like washing, tidying up, watering the flowers, etc. B – Are you saying that we have to do them now? A – Yes, I am. I think we should share the responsibilities. What do you say? B – OK. Whatever. A – So, will you do the cooking, for example? B – Oh, no, I’m not doing that. I’ll burn everything. A – Then I’ll cook. What about the washing? B – I don’t think so. I’ll shrink all the clothes. A – Come on! You have to do something! B – OK, let me see. I can feed the cat and the dog, if that’s all right with you. A – OK, what else? Would you do the shopping as well? B – All right. A – And you should water the plants. B – And what will you do? A – I’ll do the washing and the tidying up. And let’s not forget the cooking. But in exchange you could do the washing up after the meals. B – All right. Is that everything? A – I guess so. 1/4 GIVE ADVICE TO YOUR FRIEND ABOUT HIS / HER FUTURE A – Hi …! It’s good to hear your voice. What’s up with you? B – Hi …! Nothing really. I’m kind of low. I didn’t get a place at the university I applied to. A – Oh, man, sorry to hear that! I’m sure you’ll find something to do until next year when you can try again. B – I don’t know. I don’t know what to do at all. My life is in ruins! A – Don’t say that! You’ll be fine. You have so many opportunities to try out this year! B – Like what? A – Like going abroad. B – Well, I’m not so sure about that. I’ve never been the adventurous type. A – OK, then learn something! B – I don’t know… A – You don’t have your driver’s licence yet for example. You could get that. B – That costs a lot of money that I’m afraid I don’t have. A – You could go and get a part-time job or you should ask your father if you could work in the family business for a reasonable salary. B – That’s not a bad idea. I would also gain some experience. A – You see? You are not so lost after all! B – Yes, a driver’s licence would be nice. A – You could also learn languages. I say you should use this time to take a language exam. When you start university you will not have the same opportunities but you’ll need it for the degree. B – You’re right, but I don’t think I can save that much money in a year. A – You could ask your parents to support you in these efforts. You’d benefit in the long run. B – Yes, that’s true. You’ve really got me excited about it. I think I’ll ask my parents today at dinner if they will support me. Thanks for the really good advice. You always manage to cheer me up. A – You’re welcome. Call me and let me know how it went. B – Sure, I’ll do that. Talk to you soon. A – OK. Bye.

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

PRESENTATION

1/1 LIFE STAGES These pictures show different stages of a person’s life. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

stages of a person’s life the main events at these stages the most memorable moments in your life what you expect your life will be like later.

1/2 FAMILY TYPES These pictures show different types of families. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

types of families nowadays advantages and disadvantages of living in a big / small family the type of family you have now the type of family you imagine for yourself in the future.

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

PRESENTATION

1/3 HOUSEHOLD CHORES These pictures show different kinds of housework. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the most typical kinds of housework how the tasks around the house are usually shared what children can do to help which of these you hate / enjoy doing the most.

1/4 FUTURE PLANS These pictures show ideas for future plans. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l what students plan for the near future (after secondary school) l usual plans for the more distant future l what these plans are influenced by l what your plans are for the next five to ten years.

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS 1/1

LIFE STAGES

People go through different stages during their lives. They are born, they grow into small children, then teenagers, and adults and finally become elderly people before they die. Each stage has its individual characteristics and people change a lot as they go through life. When people are babies, they are helpless and depend on adults. They need a lot of sleep, and require attention and care. In their first few years babies learn a lot about the world and they slowly start to walk and talk as well. Small children learn about everyday things such as colours, objects, seasons, animals and plants. They start to eat by themselves and dress themselves. They go to kindergarten where they meet other children. Teenagers become more and more independent, they often tend to be rebellious. They tend to carry things to extremes, for example their looks, clothing style, speech, etc. They start to form their own opinions about things, but they can be easily influenced. They are more easily tempted into taking drugs, drinking alcohol or smoking because they associate these activities with becoming an adult. It is an important stage of life because this is the time when they choose their profession and decide about their future. Adults are financially independent. They earn their living, move out of their parents’ home and start a family. They are usually responsible not only for their children but often for employees as well. Elderly people possess a lot of wisdom which they have gathered throughout their lives. They can finally sit back and relax after many years of working and struggling. They can devote more time to their hobbies and can spoil their grandchildren. Unfortunately, as they get older they also become more dependent on other people. They often become ill and can also feel lonely and depressed. I will never forget when my little sister was born. The whole family was so happy and I enjoyed helping my mother with the baby. Another memorable event was my graduation from primary school. We had a lovely ceremony and a big party at home. I think every stage has its good and bad features and people can be happy at all stages of their lives. I don’t know what it will be like when I get old, or what I will look like, but I will do my best to live a long, happy and fulfilled life. 1/2 FAMILY TYPES There are different types of families: extended families, nuclear families and single parent families. The traditional, large families of the past are not so fashionable any more. Nowadays, young people want to move out of their parents’ house as soon as possible. If they stay at home, it is for financial reasons. Young people don’t always get married; they just live together and focus on their professional life. Lots of people get divorced, for various reasons, forming single parent families. They have a huge responsibility, taking care of their children and earning their living at the same time. Different generations living together can have both advantages and disadvantages. While the parents are working, grandparents can take care of the children or help with the household chores if they are pensioners. It is good for the grandparents as well, because they do not have to live alone. On the other hand, this situation can create tension and conflicts because different generations often have different values and ways of thinking; this is what the expression ’generation gap’ means. I am lucky to have grown up in a happy family. My parents do their best to make sure we have everything we need and we respect them for what they do for us. We usually obey our parents and we believe they want the best for us. Sometimes we have arguments, but we always make up. In the future, I hope I will have a similarly large, loving and caring family because I think it is important that my children grow up in such a peaceful and supportive environment. 1/3 HOUSEHOLD CHORES When we mention household chores, everybody thinks of tidying and doing the washing up. But there is actually a lot more to do in and around the house. People usually tidy rooms by dusting shelves, cleaning the furniture and hoovering the carpet. In the bathroom they usually clean the bathtub and the toilet, wash the floor and clean the mirror. In the kitchen they do the washing up, clean the cooker and the floor. These are usually done on a weekly basis in most households along with washing clothes and ironing them. Some housework is only done a few times a year, for example cleaning the windows. There are also some which don’t seem to be housework but still need to be done weekly, for example watering the plants, doing the shopping or polishing the shoes. Traditionally housework belonged to women but nowadays more and more men help doing them. They usually take the rubbish out, wash the car, mow the lawn or repair things around the house. These are not necessarily typical household activities but they also have to be done by someone. I think small children can help too, for example, they can clean up the mess in their own room by putting their toys where they belong or making their own bed. I was also involved in the housework at home from a very young age, and I remember how excited I was the first time I was allowed to do the washing up when I could barely reach into the sink. To be honest, nowadays I really don’t

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS like to do it anymore, so I was very relieved when my parents bought a dishwasher last Christmas. On the other hand, I absolutely love watering the plants and caring for them. I can spend hours at weekends tending to the plants around the house, and my room looks almost like a jungle with all the green potted plants in it. 1/4 FUTURE PLANS Everybody has plans for the future, both short and long-term plans, but they are probably different. Even different generations think about the future in a different way. Short-term plans for teenagers are usually to travel somewhere, to learn to drive or to do a course. Most teenagers have to consider the financial side of enrolling on a course because it can cost a lot. If they get in to university or college, they may also have plans for applying for a scholarship or a student loan, getting a summer or a part-time job, etc. Long-term plans are usually to go to university and after that to start a successful career. A lot of young people move out of their parents’ home at this time and start their own family. Others may start saving money for a car or for a flat. When making decisions about their future, teenagers are usually influenced by financial considerations, parents, teachers, friends or trends. Sometimes they choose a certain occupation because it is a family tradition, or because somebody they look up to has that job. Sometimes friends do not want to leave each other and so they go to the same university. Nowadays, a lot of people also choose occupations which are fashionable. These decisions are made for a lot of different reasons. I have plans too. For example, I would like to learn to drive, go to university and travel somewhere. I would also like to learn more foreign languages and take up kickboxing as a new hobby. Like everybody else, I don’t like to plan too far ahead. I don’t know when I’ll get married or where I’ll settle down. Some things cannot be planned.

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY PERSONAL DETAILS, LIFE STAGES personal details / data személyes adatok first name / forename keresztnév family name / surname családnév / vezetéknév middle name második keresztnév maiden name leánykori név full name teljes név nickname becenév address cím sex nem male férfi female nô marital status családi állapot single egyedülálló married házas divorced elvált widow/er özvegyasszony / -ember nationality nemzetiség ethnicity etnikai hovatartozás religion vallás date / place of birth születési idô / hely be born (meg)születik age kor infant csecsemô, kisbaba toddler totyogó kisgyermek child(hood) gyermek(kor) adolescent serdülô / kamasz teenager tizenéves come of age nagykorúvá válik adult(hood) felnôtt(kor) go to / attend school iskolába jár nursery school bölcsôde kindergarten óvoda primary school általános iskola grammar school gimnázium secondary technical school szakközépiskola vocational school szakmunkásképző university egyetem college fôiskola qualify as … vmilyen végzettséget szerez highest level of education legmagasabb iskolai végzettség take up a career as… vmilyen pályát választ be in sy’s early / mid- / late a húszas / harmincas / stb. twenties / thirties / etc. éveinek elején / közepén / végén van personal life magánélet professional career szakmai karrier middle-aged középkorú grow old megöregszik retire nyugdíjba megy / visszavonul retired nyugdíjas pensioner nyugdíjas

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old aged / elderly die (of sg) death funeral

WORD LIST idôs meghal vmiben halál temetés

FAMILY TYPES AND MEMBERS szûk / tágabb család close / extended family nukleáris család (szülôk nuclear family + gyerek/ek) csonka család single-parent family mozaikcsalád patchwork family szétszóródott család scattered family nevelô család / -othon foster family / home családtagok family members rokonok relatives / relations élettársak unmarried couple egynejûség monogamy többnejûség poligamy (nagy- / kereszt-)szülô(k) (grand- / god-)parent(s) (nevelô-)anya (step-)mother (nevelô-)apa (step-)father (mostoha- / fél-)testvér (lány) (step / half-)sister (mostoha- / fél-)testvér (fiú) (step / half-)brother nagymama grandmother nagypapa grandfather grandchild / grandchildren unoka / unokák fiúunoka grandson lányunoka granddaughter keresztanya godmother keresztapa godfather keresztgyerek / gyerekek godchild / godchildren egyke an only child testvérek siblings ikrek twins árva orphan unokatestvér cousin nagynéni aunt nagybácsi uncle unokahúg niece unokaöcs nephew a házastárs hozzátartozói the in-laws anyós mother-in-law após father-in-law sógornô sister-in-law sógor brother-in-law meny daughter-in-law vô son-in-law a család fekete báránya the black sheep of the family

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY RELATIONSHIP STAGES puppy / teenage love remain single date sy / go out with sy date

gyerek- / kamasz szerelem egyedülálló marad randizik vkivel 1. randi, 2. a személy akivel vki randizik start going out together randizni kezdenek go out with sy jár vkivel find a boyfriend / girlfriend barátot / barátnôt talál fall in love with sy beleszeret vkibe love at first sight szerelem elsô látásra be in love with each other szerelmesek egymásba cohabitation együttélés get / be engaged eljegyzik egymást fiancée gyûrûs menyasszony fiancé gyûrûs vôlegény get married összeházasodik be married házas marriage házasság wedding esküvô bride menyasszony (esküvôn) bridegroom vôlegény (esküvôn) bridesmaid nyoszolyólány best man vôlegény tanúja (married) couple (házas)pár newly-weds ifjú / friss házasok honeymoon nászút start a family családot alapít live happily together boldogan élnek együtt give birth to a child gyereket szül take after sy hasonlít vkire inherit örököl bring up a child felnevel egy gyereket grow up felnô fall out with sy összeveszik vkivel break up szakít get separated különválnak get a divorce / to divorce / elválnak get divorced be divorced elvált (ex-)wife / husband (volt) feleség / férj remarry újraházasodik FAMILY LIFE strong family ties family values everyday problems share problems get on well / badly with sy care about sy trust sy devote time to sy / sg pay attention to sy make plans for the future argue with sy about sg

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erôs családi kötelékek családi értékek mindennapi problémák megosztja a problémákat jól / rosszul jön ki vkivel törôdik vkivel megbízik vkiben idôt szentel vkire / vmire figyelmet fordít vkire terveket szô vitatkozik vkivel vmirôl

make up give orders carry / take things to extremes generation gap a well-bred / problem / spoilt child rebellious irritating move out independent earn one's living depend on boomerang kid / generation NEET / neet (UK), twixter (US) HOUSEWORK housework household chores / duties have a cleaner do the (necessary) shopping do the cooking lay the table / clear the table do the washing-up dry the dishes / do the drying up empty the rubbish bin do the washing hang up / out the clothes (to dry) do the ironing / to iron tidy the house / flat clear / clean up the mess keep the house clean water the plants make the beds dust the furniture hoover the carpet sweep the floor wash / mop the floor wash / clean the windows polish the shoes wash / clean the car mow the lawn / cut the grass weed the garden sg is not working (properly) sg is out of order fix / mend / repair take the children to school

WORD LIST kibékül parancsolgat túlzásba visz generációs különbség jól nevelt / problémás / elkényeztetett gyerek lázadó idegesítô kiköltözik független eltartja magát függ vmitôl bumeránggyerek / generáció (szüleinél élô fiatal felnôtt) felnôni, önállósodni képtelen fiatal,"örök kamasz"

házimunka háztartási feladatok takarítónôt tart bevásárol fôz megterít / leszedi az asztalt mosogat eltörölgeti az edényeket kiüríti a szemetest mos kiteregeti a ruhákat (száradni) vasal kitakarítja a házat / lakást összepakol / összetakarít tisztán tartja a házat megöntözi a növényeket beágyaz port töröl kiporszívózza a szônyeget felsöpri a padlót felmossa a padlót ablakot mos kipucolja a cipôket lemossa az autót füvet nyír (ki)gyomlálja a kertet nem mûködik (rendesen) elromlott / nem mûködik megjavít elviszi iskolába a gyerekeket

HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS g p. 53

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CONVERSATION

2/1 COULD YOU PLEASE DESCRIBE A MEMBER OF YOUR FAMILY? What does he / she look like?

I think (my sister / my mother / my cousin) ... is (quite pretty / handsome / attractive / average looking) ... I wouldn’t say he / she is (the most handsome / the prettiest) ..., but I think he / she has (a) nice (face / eyes) ... He / she is (tall / chubby / slim / overweight / well-built) ... which he / she inherited from (my grandparents / his / her parents) ...

What about his / her build / hair / face / eyes / nose / mouth / etc.?

He / she has (long/short, brown hair, blue eyes, a big nose and full lips) ... He / she always wanted to have (curly/wavy/blond hair / blue eyes / a smaller nose) ..., but he / she has (straight brown hair / brown eyes / a big nose) ... He / she even thought of (having his / her hair cut/dyed/permed / getting contact lenses instead of the glasses) ...

Who do you take after in the family?

I have my (mother’s personality / father’s looks) ... I take after (my mother / my father / my grandmother) ... My family says I look a lot like (my grandfather / my uncle) ...

What kind of personality do you have?

I am quite / very (modest / friendly / honest / cheerful / patient) ... Sometimes I feel I am (bossy / moody / annoying) ... I am generally a/an (helpful / polite / easy going / confident / sociable / reliable / adaptable) ... person.

2/2 TELL ME ABOUT YOUR FRIENDS, PLEASE. How many friends do you have?

I have lots of friends (from school / from the sports club / from our block of flats / in the house I live in) ... but only a few close ones. Most of my friends (are my classmates / come from the village I live in) ... I think I am lucky because I have (many friends in my class / a close friend) ..., and we can (talk about everything / go everywhere together) ...

How long have you known them? Where did you meet them?

We met in / at (primary school / the chess club / football training) ... We all go to the same (church / school / dance class) ... We used to be members of the same (fitness club / football team / theatre group) ...

What do they do?

They are all (students / members of the football team) ... Some of them (live in my hometown / go to my school / play in my band) ..., while the others (live in the neighbouring villages / chose other schools / I rarely meet) ...

Who is your best friend?

He / She is called (Tamás / Kati) ..., and he / she (goes to the same school as I do / has been my best friend for ten years) ... We are both (students at the same school / 17 years old / big basketball fans) ... / we both (live in the same hostel / go to the same pottery club) ... We are quite alike because we (both love nature / are passionate football players / are friendly and patient) ...

What do you like doing together? Do you have the same interests / goals / personality features / etc.?

Most of the time we go to (the cinema / concerts / parties) ... We usually meet on (Saturdays / Sunday afternoons) ... in/at the (nearby park / internet café / shopping mall) ... We are both interested in (history / sports / films) ..., but when it comes to (music / future plans) ... we have different (plans / ideas / tastes) ...

2/3 WHAT IS YOUR RELATIONSHIP WITH YOUR FAMILY MEMBERS LIKE? What are your common characteristics and interests? What are the things that you all like doing? 18

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We are all fond of (music / nature / sports) ... We all like going (on trips / for a walk in the forest / to exhibitions) ... We enjoy the times when we (celebrate family events / have barbecue parties in the garden / play cards / go bowling together) ... 18

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What is the difference between you and your parents? What do you think the term “generation gap” means?

They don’t understand (my feelings / my tastes / my problems) ... They (grew up / lived) ... in a different world, and that’s why they (have different opinions / don’t agree with my decisions) ... They think / say (my friends are strange / I waste my time playing computer games / I am not reliable enough / I don’t take responsibility) ...

What do family members most often argue about?

Parents don’t let their children (do what they want to / give parties / go to concerts) ..., and they usually don’t like their (attitude towards school / friends / clothing style) ... Brothers / Sisters are (always wearing each other’s clothes / never helping each other tidy their room / never allowed to go to the disco) ... Apart from occasional arguments, they (respect each other / love each other / appreciate each other’s efforts / support each other in everything) ...

Would you like to change your parents or grandparents in any way?

It would be nice if they were (more understanding / more lenient / not so strict / more flexible) ... I wish they could (be like my friend’s parents / understand my problems / give me more freedom) ... I like them the way they are.

Do you think you should change your behaviour?

I could be more (honest / hard-working / reliable) ... Maybe I should (show more respect / help more with the housework ... It’s true that (I am not always a saint / I sometimes tell lies) ..., but (I don’t want to hurt them / I don’t carry things to extremes) ...

2/4 WHAT ARE THE TYPICAL ROLES FOR MEN AND WOMEN IN SOCIETY NOWADAYS? What is the role of men and women in society / in a family?

Men are expected to be (polite / protective / strong) ... and to (maintain the family / pay the bills / earn a living for the family) ... Traditionally, women are (sensitive / comforting / the centre of the family / the weaker sex) ... Nowadays, it’s not surprising if a man / woman (chooses an unusual job / works as a … / looks after the house / stays at home with the children) ...

What do men typically do?

Men are often the breadwinners in the family. Men usually work in/as (executives / managers / leaders / intellectual professions / physical jobs) ... Men are considered to be more suitable for (physical jobs / managerial positions) ...

What are typical professions for women?

Most of the (teachers / nurses / pre-school teachers) ... are women. Women are still sometimes considered to be (the homemakers / mothers and wives first of all) ... It is still popular among women to become (models / secretaries / shop assistants / teachers) ...

What does your mother / father do around the house?

My mother does the (shopping / cooking / ironing / washing / cleaning) ... while my father does the (repairing / fixing / mending) ... or / (sits in front of the telly / goes to the pub) ... My father would never do (any housework / the washing / the cleaning / the cooking) ... Actually, it is sometimes my father who (prepares dinner / does the washing up / does the gardening / fixes things around the house / takes the dog for a walk) ...

What is your dream job? Is it a typical men’s or a women’s job?

I would like to be a/an (artist / doctor / lawyer / economist / musician / police officer / teacher) ... I hope one day I will become a/an (executive in a bank / top manager at a company / successful film star / computer programmer / architect) ... People may say that being a/an (doctor / lawyer / manager) … is typically a men’s/women’s job, but I think being a/an ... could be just as (interesting / fulfilling / challenging / attractive) ... for me.

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2/5 WHAT DO YOU THINK OF COMMUNITY SERVICE? Have you ever done voluntary work or community service?

I’ve never done voluntary work, but (it’s now compulsory in secondary school / I’ve always wanted to do something / I’ve been thinking about doing community sevice for a while / I agree that we need to be more active in helping and taking responsibility for others)… Actually I (once helped collecting clothes for poor people in my church community / took part in the so-called “shoebox” charity event last year / have already enlisted for this winter to work in the soup kitchen and serve food for the homeless in my town / always do voluntary work in my summer holidays and I want to teach by example and show my peers how rewarding it is)… Volunteering and community service (are highly popular in the US / are getting more and more popular in Hungary)…, and I also think (it’s a very good trend / these sorts of activities are very rewarding / it’s important to give back to those who need it the most / we need to spread awareness about the problems less fortunate people have / we need to be sensitive about issues such as domestic violence and poverty)…

Have you every had to take responsibility for someone or something?

Taking responsibility for someone or something (is a very serious issue / is not easy if you are very young / requires one to be a real grown up)…. Responsibility for people of my age usually means that you (occasionally have to look after your little brother / pay attention to what you spend your pocket money on / make sure you do not lose your belongings / feed the cats and dogs at home / keep your room tidy)… I’ve never been in a situation where (I would’ve been held responsible for someone / I was held resposible for something)…, ( I only had to babysit my younger siblings / but I have important tasks at home, for example watering the plants and feeding the dogs / but I’m captain of the volleyball team which means some sort of responsibility even if it’s not like personally taking care of someone)….

How do you think you could personally help the needy?

I don’t know what I could do (so I thought I’d visit an organisation and inquire about programmes and projects / but I’ll look up local charities on the internet and get in touch with them / but I’ll need to do something to meet the graduation requirements in secondary school)… I think I could (do some voluntary work in the local hospital / clean the cages or feed the animals at the local animal shelter / sort food/clothes donations for Red Cross during my community service hours / work with children in summer camps / help out in a women’s shelter / serve meals in our local soup kitchen before Christmas / hold a fund-raising event for the flood victims in our school)… It’s important that (we have physically accessible public buildings everywhere / disabled people have sufficient care systems / support is available for all handicapped people)... but that’s more the task for our government and local leaders, I’m not sure how I can do anything about it.

2/6 WHAT DOES TOLERANCE MEAN FOR YOU? What sort of differences exist among people?

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There are people with different (religious beliefs / ethnic backgrounds / physical or intellectual abilities / cultural backgrounds / skin colours)… and we have to show acceptance and tolerance towards them and their differences. Tolerance is (a positive attitude towards others / accepting people the way they are)… but it doesn’t mean that (we have to accept bad or disrespectful behaviour / we have to overlook rude behaviour / breaking social rules are OK)… For me tolerance means (openness to differences between people / respecting others / valuing differences / bridging cultural gaps / rejecting unfair stereotypes / discovering common grounds / creating bonds)…. 20

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Do you know people in your I have (an uncle who had an accident and has been wheelchair-bound environment who are different ever since / a sister who has a food intolerance and everything has to from you? be cooked for her separately / a classmate who suffered a brain hemorrhage at birth and can’t use his left hand / a neighbour who is mentally handicapped and needed special education)… My (aunt / grandmother / father)… was diagnosed with (cancer / Alzheimer’s / epilepsy)… and since then our lives have changed as we need to (help them with their everyday tasks and their medications / take more responsibility / pay attention to anticipate seizures / help them emotionally / cheer them up occasionally)... I’ve had several schoolmates from abroad whose (daily habits / religions / beliefs and cultural traditions)... were different from ours, but (they were very nice / they were open about them and taught us a lot about their world / we learned a lot from them)... How do you think you can help disabled people?

I think the biggest help for people who have disabilities is (if we respect them and accept them the way they are / if we can look beyond their disabilities and treat them as equal / if we ask them what they need instead of trying to guess and getting embarrassed)… There are small things we can do for disabled people every day such as (pushing their wheelchair for them / opening the door for them / getting something off a high shelf / reading something aloud for them)… depending on what sort of disability they have. I think emotional support is very important for the disabled as well because they (often feel isolated / can experience exclusion from society / see offending or negative behaviour all the time / can be embarrassed when they have to ask for help)... but sometimes their family can also feel (guilty about their problems / exploited if they have to take all the responsibility)...

2/7 WHAT CONFLICTS ARE THERE IN YOUR LIFE AND HOW DO YOU COPE WITH THEM? What do you see at home?

I’m fortunate (to live in a very peaceful home / to have a loving family with very few conflicts)… so I (haven’t seen many conflicts / only see some minor quarrels)… Unfortunately, (my parents often fight over all sorts of things / my mother and father quarrel a lot about money)… and I (usually go to my room and shut the door / don’t like listening to that / feel stressed out by these conflicts)… I sometimes have arguments with my (father / mother / grandmother / sister / brother).... about my (household duties / school grades / habits / friends / laziness as they call it / belongings)... My home is very harmonious but (my best friend has a very aggressive father / one of my classmates suffered abuse in his childhood / our neighbour once hit his son and was arrested for domestic violence)…

What kinds of conflicts do you have at school or outside your home?

I think my school (has a very supportive and positive atmosphere / has very strong rules about conflicts and violence / has supportive teachers and a really good counsellor so whatever arises we can handle it)…. I’ve often seen (kids beating each other up in my school / older kids bullying younger ones on the way to school / school gangs terrorising students)…. which (is an alarming trend nowadays in schools / needs to be addressed and stopped / was very schocking for me and I had no idea what I should do about it)…. I’ve heard about conflicts between (the students and the teachers in some schools which is a very delicate situation / teachers and parents)..., and usually it’s the child who suffers the most.

Have you ever seen someone bullied by somebody else? How would you handle such conflicts?

I’ve (never seen anyone being bullied / never met this phenomenon)…. as (it’s not present in our school / my school community is very close knit)…. I’ve had a friend who was bullied in primary school by older kids and they (took away his money / stole his cell phone / spread rumours

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about him on Facebook)…. which (made him scared / left him with emotional scars)... and eventually we solved it by ( using the socalled “buddy system” which means that we went everywhere in pairs / reporting it to our teachers / telling our parents / putting on a poker face and ignoring the bad guys / avoiding the kids who would bully us)…. Bullying is very (dangerous / widespread)…, and it needs to be stopped because in some cases (it can lead to suicide / people can be hurt for the rest of their lives / it can result in school shootings or other crimes)…. 2/8 WHAT EVENTS DO YOU CELEBRATE WITH YOUR FAMILY? Which do you celebrate: birthdays / namedays / Christmas / Easter / etc.?

As my family is quite big we (celebrate a lot of birthdays / we often come together for namedays / we have had a lot of weddings recently) ... We celebrate (Easter / Christmas) ... My family usually comes together for different occasions, for example (graduations / engagements / anniversaries) ...

How do you celebrate these events?

On my birthday last year we (invited all my friends / organised a party / went for a trip to ... / ate in a restaurant) ... then (I blew out the candles and wished for something / we had a great time) ... At Christmas we normally (stay at home / travel somewhere / visit all my relatives) ... while at Easter we (cook ham / paint a lot of eggs / go to the church) ... On/At (birthdays / namedays / graduations) ... we usually eat (cakes / biscuits) ..., drink (soft drinks / champagne) ... and (talk / laugh a lot / sometimes even dance) ...

What do you do on these days?

At Christmas we (always visit my grandmother who lives in Zala county / sometimes go to a restaurant) ... We never miss going to (the Midnight Service in our church / the village Christmas celebration) ... Instead of going somewhere we generally invite (my cousins and aunts / my grandparents for several days / some of my relatives on Boxing Day) ... A few days before Christmas we (bake the cakes / decorate the house and the tree / buy/wrap the presents) ..., and then on Christmas day we (open the presents / invite my grandparents / play cards / go for a walk / visit relatives / watch Christmas programmes on TV) ... We usually eat (fish soup / stuffed cabbage / poppyseed-cake / turkey) ... and my parents drink (eggnog / champagne) ... At (weddings / graduation parties / anniversaries / birthday parties) ... we (eat cakes / have a few drinks / have a good time) ...

What is your favourite family celebration?

I can hardly wait for (my graduation / my cousin’s wedding in July / Christmas) ... when I (meet my relatives / eat a lot of cakes / talk to my American cousin) ... I love (Christmas / Easter / New Year’s Eve)... the most. I think (Christmas) ... is the best because (everybody gets presents / the whole house is nicely decorated / the whole family is together) ...

Can you remember a present that made you really happy?

I will never forget the (birthday party / Christmas Eve) ... when I got (my first watch / the latest Robbie Williams CD / a mobile) ... The best present I have ever received was a (book about Winston Churchill’s life / DVD player / scooter) ... I always get great presents from (my best friend / my sister / my parents) ... because he / she / they read(s) my mind and he / she / they know(s) my taste.

2/9 WHICH NATIONAL HOLIDAYS ARE CELEBRATED AND COMMEMORATED IN A YEAR? When do we celebrate / commemorate them?

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On (15 th March / 20th August / 23rd October)... we commemorate (the Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence / the Foundation of the State / the Revolution of 1956) ... These days are bank holidays, so we don’t have to go to (school / work) ... These days were milestones in Hungarian history. The school celebration is always the day before. 22

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What do people do on these days?

On ... people wear (formal clothes / a rosette) / go to (commemoration ceremonies / the town centre) / watch (speeches on TV / films about these events / performances / fireworks displays) ... There are (events / processions) ... in (parks / squares) ... where people (walk / listen to speeches) ... Some people just (stay at home and enjoy the day off / go on a trip if it’s a long weekend / follow the events on TV) ...

How do you celebrate them at school?

At school we usually have (class performances / shorter lessons / a short commemoration ceremony) ... and sometimes even ( wreathe statues) ... The school celebration is organised by (a senior class / one of the teachers / the student school board) ... and performed by (students / guest performers / teachers) ... Students usually wear (a white blouse/shirt / a dark skirt/suit / dark trousers / school badges) ...

Which national holiday do you like the most and why?

(The Hungarian Revolution and War of Independence) ... was a big turning point in the country’s history and people’s lives. (The Foundation of the State) ... means the most to me because it determined our history the most. (World War II) ... happened only ... (70 years) ago, and still many people remember it.

2/10 WHAT DO YOU USUALLY WEAR? What do you wear in different seasons?

It depends on the weather, if it is cold, I wear (a warm coat / waterproof boots) ... while in summer I mostly have (Bermuda shorts / a top) ... on. In summer I like wearing (sandals / flip-flops / colourful clothes / miniskirts / shorts / sunglasses / hats) ... In winter I always wear (a winter coat / a cap / gloves / a scarf / boots) ...

What do you like wearing the most?

Most of the time I wear (trousers / skirts / shirts / T-shirts / jeans) ... When I am at home I usually wear (some baggy trousers / comfortable clothes / my good old tracksuit / my favourite jeans) ... I prefer (casual / comfortable / designer / fashionable) ... clothes, rather than (formal / uncomfortable / second-hand / hand-me-down) ... clothes. I don’t really like (sporty / formal / worn-out / colourful / plain) ... clothes. I used to have a lot of hand-me-down clothes from my sister / brother, but nowadays (I can afford to buy my own clothes / we are older and just borrow from each other) ...

How do you dress when you go to special events or parties?

When it comes to (weddings / parties / special occasions) ... I like to dress up. I even (go to the hairdresser’s / visit the beautician’s / browse women’s magazines) ... to look (trendy / pretty / neat) ... For these occasions I sometimes buy a new (suit / tie / shirt / evening dress / skirt / pair of high-heeled shoes) ...

What about a normal school day?

I don’t make much effort for school, I just put on (a pair of jeans / trainers / trousers / a T-shirt) ... What I wear depends on (the weather / my mood / the occasion / the time of day) ... It doesn’t take a long time to get dressed in the morning because I just (open my wardrobe and put on the first thing I see / put on a pair of jeans and a T-shirt)... It takes a long time to get dressed in the morning because (I have to put on my make-up / I never know what to wear / I have to do my hair) ...

Do you normally follow the latest fashion?

I like to flip through the fashion magazines but (I’m not really fashionconscious / I don’t really follow the fashion) ... If I had more money, I would buy some (designer / chic / more fashionable) clothes ... I have to admit I’m not really interested in the latest fashion.

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SITUATIONS

2/1 ASK ABOUT YOUR FRIEND’S SISTER Your English friend’s sister is arriving from Manchester. You have to meet her at the airport because your friend is very busy. Ask him / her (played by the examiner) the following: l l l l

time of arrival detailed appearance of his / her sister her usual clothing style hairstyle, make-up, jewellery, etc.

Start by asking your friend when his / her sister is arriving. 2/2 CHOOSE AN EXCHANGE STUDENT TO STAY WITH YOU You are going to host an exchange student and you have to choose one from the following students. Ask the programme organiser (played by the examiner) the following: l l l l

where they come from what they do their hobbies and interests any particular features.

Choose one student and give reasons for your choice.

Roger (16)

Andrew (17)

Cindy (17)

Start by greeting the organiser. 2/3 YOU WANT TO GO AWAY FOR THE WEEKEND WITH FRIENDS You are staying in England with a host family. You want to go away for the weekend with your friends but your host mother / father (played by the examiner) doesn’t want to let you go. Try to convince her / him that your friends are nice people and nobody will get hurt or get into trouble during the weekend.

Mike

Jessica

Gabriel

Start by telling your host mother / father that you would like to go away for the weekend. 24

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2/4 ORGANISE A SCHOOL LEAVING PARTY You are a student and you are organising the class school leaving party. Call the owner of the Irish pub (played by the examiner) and ask him / her about the following details: l l l l

capacity and opening hours of the restaurant possible menu (courses, drinks) music costs.

Start by greeting the owner on the phone. 2/5 DISCUSS CLOTHING FOR THE GRADUATION CEREMONY You are a school leaver. You are at the tailor’s shop and you have to discuss the outfits for the graduation ceremony with the manager (played by the examiner). Discuss and agree on the following aspects: clothing for the girls (skirt or trousers) / boys (suit or trousers with waistcoat) materials colours costs / deadlines.

l l l l

Start by telling the manager that you would like to discuss the clothes for the graduation ceremony with him / her.

2/6 HANDLE A FAMILY CONFLICT Your sister / brother has not been talking to you for some days and you don’t understand why. Approach her / him and try to resolve the situation. Use the following ideas: l l l l

ask her / him about her / his problems, feelings tell her / him how you feel about the situation offer alternatives to make up with her / him tell her / him how you will avoid such situations in the future.

Start by greeting your sister / brother.

2/7 CHOOSE A VOLUNTEERING JOB TO MEET YOUR GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS You have to choose a volunteering job or community service in order to meet your graduation requirements. You have the following four possibilities. Discuss them with a school counsellor and choose one: l l l l

working for the Red Cross – sorting donations, packing boxes to send out, etc. working in the local animal shelter – cleaning the cages, feeding the animals, etc. working in an old people’s home – caring for the old, reading aloud to them, etc. working for the local government – collecting rubbish on the streets, etc.

Start by greeting the counsellor.

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

2/1 ASK ABOUT YOUR FRIEND’S SISTER A – Hi! When does your sister arrive? B – She is coming tomorrow. Oh, great that you asked. A – What do you mean? B – I wanted to ask you to meet her at the airport. A – Why? B – Because I have a private lesson in the afternoon. A – OK. When exactly does she arrive? B – The plane lands at 2.55 p.m. A – What does she look like? Do you have a photo of her? B – Unfortunately, I don’t have a photo of her, but I can describe her. A – OK. I’m all ears. B – She is tall and slim. A – What about her hair and what colour eyes does she have? B – She has long brown hair and blue eyes. A – What does she usually wear? B – She likes wearing jeans with a T-shirt. A – Almost everybody wears jeans with T-shirts. Did she tell you what she would be wearing? B – She told me she would have a red rucksack with her and she would be wearing her favourite Chicago Bulls baseball cap. A – That sounds much better. Does she have any special features? B – She has a mole above her lips. A – Oh, you didn’t say that Cindy Crawford is coming! B – Very funny! And her name is not Cindy but Carol. A – OK. You owe me a favour. B – That’s true. 2/2 CHOOSE AN EXCHANGE STUDENT TO STAY WITH YOU A – Good morning Mr / Mrs … . B – Good morning … . What can I do for you? A – I’m one of the hosts in the exchange programme and I’d like to choose an exchange student to stay with me. B – Right! Sure. We have three students left. A – There are only three students left to choose from? B – Yes, but they all seem to be really nice. A – So who are they? B – Let me see. We have a girl from Hawaii, a boy from London and another boy from New York. A – OK, that sounds interesting. Can I see the files? B – Here you are. A – Wow, as much as I would like to choose Cindy, I’m afraid it wouldn’t be the best idea. It could get awkward for both of us. B – Why do you think that? A – I have a girlfriend and she might not like the idea of me living with a wonderful girl for weeks. And I would ruin Cindy’s adventure as well if she didn’t enjoy her stay. B – Well, that’s really thoughtful. I’m glad you mentioned this. Then what do you think of the boys? A – I see that one of them makes music and the other one does sports. B – Yes. Do you do any of these? A – Well, I actually play ice hockey, but I don’t play any musical instruments at all. B – OK. How about the rest of the information? A – It says that one of them is allergic to fur, and the other one is afraid of dogs. B – Do you have any dogs or cats? A – We only have fish at home, so that wouldn’t be a problem. B – Sounds great! So who do you think you’d like to choose? A – I think I’ll choose Roger. B – I thought you’d say Andrew. Why Roger? A – I like music and he might give me a few ideas about how to start learning to play an instrument. And he might get interested in sports too! We could learn a lot from each other. B – Sounds like a lovely idea! I’ll assign Roger to you and we’ll inform him too. A – OK, that’s great. B – Do you have any questions, or anything else to discuss?

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

A – No, that was all. B – Then I’ll talk to you later. A – Thank you. Bye. 2/3 YOU WANT TO GO AWAY FOR THE WEEKEND WITH FRIENDS A – …, I’d like to go away for the weekend with my friends. Will you let me go? B – What? You want to go away? Where are you going? A – My friend Mike has a nice weekend house at the lake. We want to go there on Friday evening and get back on Sunday. B – Who are you going with? A – With my friends. B – Yes, you already said that, but who are they? A – I have some photos of them if you want to see them. B – OK. Let me see. Who is this? A – That’s Mike. B – He seems to be a nice guy. But why is he photographed here with a snake? A – He likes animals a lot. He works in a zoo as a volunteer. B – Snakes can transmit diseases, can’t they? Isn’t it dangerous to hold them like that? A – I don’t think so. B – And this girl? Who is she? A – Her name is Jessica. She loves sports, especially winter sports. She sometimes has a part time job as a snowboard instructor. B – Where was this photo taken? A – In Austria. She grew up there and moved here a few years ago. B – You won’t do anything dangerous with her, will you? A – Of course not. B – And who is this boy in the next picture? A – Oh, that’s Gabriel. It was taken at a party. B – He looks quite frightening. Was he drunk? A – No, we were drinking non-alcoholic beer. Really. B – Sure. And what are you planning to do there? A – We may do some swimming, or fishing. We want to have a barbecue as well. We may go for a walk in the forest, I don’t know. We just want to relax and have fun. B – All right! You can go but be careful! Don’t drink and drive! And don’t go into the water if you have been drinking or if it’s dark. The same goes for the forest. A – OK. I promise! I’ll take care of myself! B – And your friends as well! A – Sure, I will! B – All right! You can go. A – Thanks a lot! 2/4 ORGANISE A SCHOOL LEAVING PARTY A – Good evening! I would like to speak to Mr Gordon. B – Good evening! Mr Gordon speaking. A – I would like to organise a school leaving party for my class and I was wondering if we could have it in your restaurant. B – When would you like to have it? A – On the first Saturday of July. Is the restaurant free? B – Yes. A – What is the capacity of the restaurant? B – It can hold up to fifty people. How many of you are coming? A – There are 36 students and we would like to invite some teachers as well. B – No problem. Would you like to have dinner? A – Yes, can you offer some menus? B – We can offer three menus and everybody can choose from them if that’s OK with you. A – That sounds good. What about the drinks? B – A glass of champagne and a bottle of mineral water is included in the price, but you will have to pay for the rest yourselves. A – That’s all right. Will there be live music? B – Unfortunately, we only have a juke box and a CD player. 27

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

A – Can we bring our own music? B – Sure. Would you like to know anything else? A – When does the restaurant close on Saturdays? B – At 2.00 a.m. A – How much does it cost? B – 3,000 forints per person. A – OK, I will discuss it with my classmates and I will get back to you. B – All right. Bye. A – Bye. 2/5 DISCUSS CLOTHING FOR THE GRADUATION CEREMONY A – Good afternoon! B – Good afternoon! How can I help you? A – I came to discuss graduation ceremony clothes for my class. B – Certainly, this way please. We have everything here. What do you have in mind? A – Well, we’ve been thinking about choosing something traditional. B – OK, that would mean formal attire, right? A – Yes, and something simple, that we could wear for other occasions as well. B – Very wise choice. A – We’ve agreed that the girls would wear skirts and blouses, and the boys would have suits. B – All right. What material do you have in mind? A – We’d like to have some natural material because the weather might be hot in May when we have the ceremony and we don’t want to sweat. B – That is fine, we have lovely cotton fabrics which are very comfortable to wear in hot weather. A – Yes, that would be great. B – How about the colour? A – The skirts and suits would be black, the shirts and blouses white. The ties would be navy blue, that’s the colour of our school. B – Let me make some notes. How many students are there in your class? A – Ten boys and eighteen girls. B – And when is the graduation ceremony exactly? A – The first weekend of May. B – Fine. Your classmates will have to come in so that we can measure them. A – How long does it normally take to make the clothes? B – Approximately three months. They will be ready one or two weeks before the ceremony. A – And what if they don’t fit exactly? B – We can have one more fitting session when they are ready and if anything needs to be altered, we can do that too. A – That’s fantastic. And how much will they cost? B – We have reasonable prices. I’ll give you a brochure where you can find all the models and prices. A – Thank you. I’ll discuss it with my classmates and we’ll come back to order the clothes. B – Please make sure to do it soon because we need time to make them. A – Of course. We will make a decision about it before the end of this week. B – That’s fine. Thank you and have a nice day! A – Thank you. Bye. 2/6 HANDLE A FAMILY CONFLICT A – Hey … ! B – Hi. A – Do you have a minute for me? B – Why? A – Is everything OK? B – Sure. A – Then why aren’t you talking to me? You know I have the feeling that something’s not right between the two of us. B – And? A – Well, it’s uncomfortable for me and I’d like to solve this situation. Would you tell me what bothers you? Have I hurt you in any way? B – Oh, and if I tell you, will you really change it? A – I can try, but only if I know what I’ve done wrong. 28

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

B – Well, for a start you could stop using my MP3 player without my permission. A – Oh, sorry about that. I didn’t know it would offend you. B – I like to know where my stuff is and that nothing bad happens to it. A – OK, I understand that. I’ll ask you first in future. B – Yes, you should do that. A – That’s all? B – How about housework? I’m sick and tired of doing almost everything on my own and you’re not helping at all. You know we need to help Mum while she’s so ill. A – I know and I do stuff too! And you know I can’t do the sweeping, hoovering and dusting because I am allergic to dust. B – Right, but you could do something else, for example the washing or the washing up. A – OK. Then I’ll take care of the clothes in the future. And I’ll lay the table and clear it too. Will that be okay? B – Sounds a lot better. A – OK, and now will you talk to me? B – I’ll think about it. I just hope your enthusiasm will last. A – Come on! You have to give me a chance! So are we fine now? B – We are fine for now! A – Thanks sis / bro! 2/7 CHOOSE A VOLUNTEERING JOB TO MEET YOUR GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS A – Good morning Mr / Mrs … ! B – Good morning … . How can I help you? A – I’m in my final year and I need to do some community work to meet my graduation requirements. B – Oh, yes. You’re right. A – Could you help me find something? B – Sure. Do you have anything in mind or shall we check all possibilities? A – I’m open to anything. B – OK, then we have, for example, the following possibilities here. We’ve just received the requests. A – Let me see. The Red Cross? B – Yes, what do you think of that? A – Working for the Red Cross would be a huge honour for me. I mean they do so much good for people. It’d be great to be part of that. B – You’re right but you have to be physically strong for that. Packing boxes is not the easiest job. A – What a pity! Probably the work in the animal shelter needs physical strength too. Right? B – Yes, I’m afraid it does. So it may not be suitable for a slender young lady like you. A – Then what do you suggest? I think that means rubbish collection is also out of the question. B – It is, but the fourth one might be just the one for you. A – Old people’s home? B – Yes, you could help out there. A – Well, the brochure says we would have to hand out their medicine. I think I could do that. What else is there? Occasionally talk to them, or read aloud, or play games with them. It sounds very nice to me. B – It’s about cheering them up a little, breaking their monotony, you know. A – Yes, I can imagine that they feel lonely and bored there. B – I’m sure some of them will be really happy to have your company. Can I enlist you there? A – Yes, thank you. When do I have to start? B – I’ll contact the home and ask when they would like to have you, and then you can work out a schedule with them. A – That sounds good. I think I could spend one or two afternoons there weekly. B – OK, then I’ll get back to you when I have the details. A – Thank you. Bye! B – Bye.

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PRESENTATION

2/1 TEENAGERS These pictures show teenagers in different situations. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

young people and the different activities they prefer which activities they benefit the most from what parents think of these activities your idea of spending your free time.

2/2 FAMILY CELEBRATIONS AND EVENTS These pictures show celebrations at different family occasions. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

what family events are celebrated in Hungary how they are traditionally celebrated what you like and dislike about these events how you spent your last birthday.

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2/3 FASHION AND CLOTHES These pictures show people dressed in different clothes. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

casual clothes and situations in which you wear them formal clothes, accessories and occasions they are suitable for types of clothes you usually wear and your favourite outfit the items of clothing you don’t like wearing and why.

2/4 MEN’S AND WOMEN’S ROLES IN SOCIETY These pictures show different situations for men and women. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l traditional roles for men and women in the family l characteristic features of the different roles l men and women in unusual roles and possible reasons why l your role in your future family.

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PRESENTATION

2/5 VOLUNTARY WORK These pictures show different volunteer activities. Compare and contrast them by using the following ideas: l l l l

types of voluntary work and social services why it is rewarding to take part in them possibilities in your area what you would like to do and why.

2/6 DISABLED PEOPLE The pictures show people with disabilities. Compare and contrast the pictures. Include the following ideas: l l l l

disabilities you have encountered or heard of how they restrict people’s lives the emotional effect on those who suffer from them and on their family members how you can personally help these people.

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SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

2/1 TEENAGERS There are teenagers who like spending time together and doing all kinds of activities. They are outgoing, sociable, talkative, open-minded and friendly. They often go to parties or on trips together. They like having fun and they usually have a big circle of friends. On the other hand, there are teenagers who prefer to be alone. They are usually shy, reserved and don’t like to be the centre of attention. They sit in front of their computers most of the time, and all they do is play computer games or watch TV. This way they lose all their friends and become lonely. When you are outgoing and have a lot of friends, you can improve your personal relationships and your social skills. You learn how to be part of a group and cooperate with others, which can be useful in your future. Spending most of your time in front of the computer can also be beneficial but in a different way. There is plenty of information on the internet you can learn from. It is also true that you can have virtual relationships but they are not the same as real ones. Parents are never satisfied with their children’s activities because they want to protect them from everything: unreliable friends or dangerous activities. So if you are outgoing your parents might worry about you a lot, but if you spend too much time alone they are afraid that you won’t have any friends. I think there are a lot of exciting activities for teenagers to do. For example: trips and parties. It’s a lot of fun to be with your friends and explore new places, go sightseeing, and share these experiences. You can play football, or do other sports, do handicrafts, go shopping or just go down to the park and enjoy the fresh air while talking. I usually go to the cinema with my friends or we just walk down High Street and do some window-shopping. We can chat about all kinds of things and have fun. We sometimes go to the zoo or to the amusement park, too. I think it doesn’t really matter what you do as long as you do it together and you all enjoy it. 2/2 FAMILY CELEBRATIONS AND EVENTS In Hungary the most important family celebrations are Christmas, Easter, birthdays, namedays, wedding anniversaries, christenings and graduations. At Christmas family members buy presents for each other. We decorate the Christmas tree and gather around it on Christmas Eve to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. My mum always prepares a delicious Christmas dinner which we eat together in a cosy atmosphere. At Easter families eat a lot of ham and chocolate Easter bunnies. On Easter Monday the boys sprinkle the girls with water or perfume so that they stay young forever. What I hate about these feasts is that my parents always expect me to tidy my room, but I like being together with them and playing cards or having a chat. I enjoy birthdays best. I cannot imagine my birthday without a cake and a fine dinner with my family. I also get presents which I am very happy about, but these are not the most important things. My last birthday was memorable because my mother baked me my favourite chocolate layer cake and I had a surprise party. I visited one of my friends on Saturday and by the time I got home all of my friends and family members were there, which was really surprising because I didn’t notice any cars in front of our house. We laughed a lot together and had a great time. I’ll never forget that party. 2/3 FASHION AND CLOTHES When people are at home they usually wear a tracksuit with a T-shirt because it is very comfortable. When they go out with friends, visit relatives or just go down to the shop they wear shirts and tops with a pair of jeans, which never goes out of fashion. Basically, you can put on anything which you feel good in, but you should choose clothes which reflect your personality and taste. Many people wear formal clothes even to work, but most people dress up only for special occasions such as weddings, funerals, graduations, theatre and opera evenings or balls. Men usually wear a suit and a tie with a nice shirt and elegant shoes. Women have more possibilities to choose from, but it also makes it more difficult to find the best outfit for the occasion. They can choose from evening dresses, suits or skirts with blouses. When they finally manage to decide on the clothes, they have to find the matching accessories such as shoes, handbags and jewellery. When I am at home I like my good, old tracksuit. When I go to school I put on a pair of jeans and a pullover. Sometimes I wear a skirt to look pretty. What I like wearing the most is a striped top I got from my sister for my last birthday. I usually wear it with my dark blue jeans and my favourite cardigan I bought in Austria. I don’t like formal clothes simply because I don’t feel comfortable in them. My mum always wants me to wear a terrible white silk blouse and a pair of old-fashioned shoes with low heels, but I like high-heeled shoes more to look taller. If I have to go to a special occasion, I put them on, but I can hardly wait to get home and take them off.

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2/4 MEN’S AND WOMEN’S ROLES IN SOCIETY Traditionally, men were the breadwinners who earned money for the family to live on and women were the homemakers who stayed at home with the kids and kept the house tidy and neat. In the old days men did most of the physical work. They had positions in politics and they were involved in decision making, taking responsibility and leadership. Women were always considered to be the weaker sex who would take care of the housework, bring up and nurse the children, care for the older generation, be soft, tender and loving, supporting the husband and creating a peaceful home for him and the whole family. With women’s movements, increasing rights and emancipation in the 20th century, these roles have changed a lot. Nowadays roles are quite mixed up and we can find men and women with all sorts of occupations and in all sorts of roles. Lots of women have careers and can be found in high positions sometimes earning more than their husbands do. We have women in the army, some drive buses and trucks. On the other hand, we have male nurses, kindergarten teachers or accountants too. Men can also stay at home with kids on paternity leave now if they want to. I think I’m quite modern and I’d also like to have a modern family where we don’t have these old-fashioned rules and roles. I would expect my husband to help me with the housework and raising our children and I’d also like to have a career. I think if you share the tasks equally, you can have a balanced life having both a career and a family. 2/5 VOLUNTARY WORK Volunteering means that we make a conscious decision to do some unpaid work to help the people or some public institutions, while community service means that we assist these people or organizations in some form but not necessarily voluntarily. Usually they are about helping underprivileged people such as those who are disabled, who live in poor conditions, in homes or day care facilities, or those who have been victims of abuse or violence. Other forms of voluntary work include tending to the animals in animal shelters, doing something for the environment such as collecting rubbish, planting trees, or helping out at sporting events, children’s camps, museums or libraries. Doing good and helping others selflessly is always a fantastic and rewarding feeling. You can really change the lives of the poor and underprivileged if you just donate a few hours of your own time and support and assist them so that they feel that someone is caring for them and they belong somewhere. Volunteering and community service teach us a lot about life and they can create bonds between people. They provide an opportunity for team building as well if you are doing it with friends or classmates. I have many possibilities in my area to do my required work. I can help out in the local soup kitchen, in the animal shelter, in the hospital and old people’s home, but if I want to I can choose a camp, a library or a museum as well. I’m thinking about choosing the soup kitchen. I actually know a woman who is homeless and I sometimes stop and have a conversation with her in front of the supermarket where she goes to beg for money. I think it’s important to learn their stories because they are often victims and are not to blame for their conditions. I’d like to help out in the kitchen to learn more about people like her and listen to their stories so that one day I can do more for them. 2/6 DISABLED PEOPLE Unfortunately, there are lots of genetic disorders and conditions which make people’s lives difficult and which are hard to cope with. Some people have visible disablities such as missing a body part, being paralyzed and wheelchair bound, or moving with difficulty using canes or walkers. Some people have hidden disabilities, for example brain damage, chronic illnesses, food intolerances, allergies, diabetes, etc. Some may have behavioural problems, hearing or speech impairments which also make everyday life hard for them. Having some form of disability or an illness means that you live your life in a different way from others. You may be restricted in your movements, you may need to take medications every day, even simple things such as breathing and talking may be impossible for you. You may not be able to go out, use public transportation, enter certain buildings which are not phyisically accessible, eat out, dance at a party with your friends, drive a car, etc. Disabilities do not only cause phsysical restrictions but they can mean social exclusion too. The more you stay away from these activities the fewer friends you will have and the less you will interact with people. It often means that such people are isolated and lonely, so disabilities do not only cause physical limitations and occasional pain but social isolation as well. The closest people to them are their families, who also need to handle an increased responsibility and readiness to help and assist in everything. In some cases they also need to cope with social isolation and exclusion. They can often feel exploited and the situation for them can also be emotionally difficult. We have a wheelchair-bound girl in our school and all my schoolmates are trying to help her the best we can by opening the doors for her, helping her in every situation. I think it is important that we integrate these people into society. We have to give them the feeling that they belong to society and are also valuable members of it. We need to treat them equally and look beyond their disabilities. It is also important to learn what they need and to educate children and young people in how to handle situations when a disabled person is involved. Spreading awareness is also very important.

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2 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY APPEARANCE & CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES appearance megjelenés look pretty / handsome csinos / jóképû take after sy hasonlít vkire look quite like sy pont úgy néz ki mint vki be of average build normál testalkatú overweight / slim / skinny túlsúlyos / karcsú / sovány have a good figure jó alakja van be of average / átlagos magasságú / medium height középmagas have curly / wavy / göndör / hullámos / straight hair egyenes haja van get / have highlights in sy's hair melíroztat / melírozott hajú have a round / an oval / kerek / ovális / keskeny a thin face arca van have freckles / spots / wrinkles szeplôs / pattanásos / ráncos have a beard / a moustache bajusza / szakálla van wear make-up sminkeli magát personality személyiség characteristic features jellemzô tulajdonságok friendly barátságos generous nagylelkû honest ôszinte fun-loving mókakedvelô funny vicces easy-going laza ready to share önzetlen, adakozó confident magabiztos creative kreatív energetic energikus lively eleven patient türelmes reliable megbízható cheerful vidám helpful segítôkész outgoing társaságkedvelô easy-going laza down-to-earth gyakorlatias moody szeszélyes nervous ideges cautious óvatos jealous féltékeny selfish önzô cheeky szemtelen boastful dicsekvô quick-tempered lobbanékony feledékeny forgetful shy félénk envious irigy FRIENDS & FRIENDSHIP make friends close / best friends circle of friends similarities and differences have sg in common share feelings / secrets with sy be interested in the same things

barátokat szerez közeli / legjobb barátok baráti kör hasonlóságok és különbségek van vmi közös bennük megosztja az érzéseit / titkait vkivel ugyanaz érdekli ôket

WORD LIST be quite alike opposites attract go somewhere together spend time together have fun email each other / chat / skype

igen egyformák az ellentétek vonzzák egymást együtt mennek / járnak vhova együtt töltik az idôt jól érzi magát, jól szórakozik e-maileznek / csetelnek / szkájpolnak

RELATIONSHIP WITH PEOPLE family members, relatives családtagok, rokonok acquaintances ismerôsök schoolmates iskolatársak peers kortársak neighbours szomszédok jó / rossz kapcsolata van have a good / bad relationship with sy vkivel get on well with each other jól kijönnek egymással keep in touch with sy kapcsolatot tart show respect tiszteletet tanúsít give advice tanácsot ad avoid arguments elkerüli a vitákat obey engedelmeskedik have different lifestyles / más az életstílusuk / circle of friends / tastes / baráti körük / ízlésük / clothing styles öltözködési stílusuk vitatkozik vmirôl vkivel argue about sg with sy quarrel 1. veszekedés 2. veszekszik make peace / make up kibékül hurt sy megsért, megbánt call sy names sérteget pick on sy utazik / pikkel vkire mock sy csúfol, gúnyol threat sy fenyeget vkit hit sy megüt vkit bully sy terrorizál, megfélemlít take away sy's money / elveszi vki pénzét, cell phone mobiltelefonját precaution elôvigyázatosság MEN & WOMEN ROLES social role typical professions for men / women be the breadwinner be the head of the family earn / make money maintain the family make a successful career in sg get in higher positions balance work and family a 24-hour job take care of the home housewife raise the children stay at home with the (sick) kids

IN SOCIETY társadalmi szerep tipikus nôi / férfi szakmák kenyérkeresô családfô pénzt keres eltartja a családot karriert csinál vmiben magasabb pozícióba kerül összeegyezteti a munkát és a családot 24 órás munka vezeti a háztartást háziasszony felneveli a gyerekeket otthon marad a (beteg) gyerekekkel 35

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2 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY nurse the elderly relatives share responsibilities / duties / housework behave politely offer one’s seat help to carry heavy objects / the bags let the woman go first open / hold the door for a woman

ápolja az idôsebb rokonokat megosztja a felelôsséget / kötelességeket / házimunkát udvariasan viselkedik átadja a helyét segít cipelni a nehéz tárgyakat / a táskákat elôreengedi a nôt kinyitja / tartja az ajtót a nônek

RESPONSIBILITY, TOLERANCE take responsibility felelôsséget vállal vmiért / for sg / sy vkiért teach by example példát mutat serve as a role model példaképül szolgál be sensitive / open to sg érzékeny / nyitott vmi iránt make an effort igyekszik treat sy with respect tisztelettel bánik vkivel respectful tisztelettudó notice észrevesz understand / tolerate / megérti / tolerálja / accept differences elfogadja a másságot show tolerance toleranciát tanúsít fight stereotypes küzd a sztereotípiák ellen people with different ethnic eltérô etnikai hátterû / backgrounds / of different vallású / kultúrájú religions / cultures emberek multicultural society multikulturális társadalom VOLUNTARY WORK volunteer school requirement community service help sy around you help the needy / the poor poverty underprivileged groups

önkéntes munkát végez iskolai követelmény közösségi munka segít vkinek a környezetében segít a rászorulóknak / a szegényeknek szegénység hátrányos helyzetû csoportok orphan / orphanage árva / árvaház women's / children's shelter nôi / gyermek menhely old people's home idôsek otthona soup kitchen népkonyha serve meals ételt oszt sort food / clothes donations étel- / ruhaadományt válogat donate adományoz clean / feed animals állatokat gondoz / etet in shelters menhelyen charity event jótékonysági rendezvény fund-raising event adománygyûjtô esemény auction sg off elárverez vmit

DISABILITIES disabled person / people fogyatékkal élô ember(ek) with disabilities have a physical / mental testi / szellemi fogyatékkal disability élô social isolation / integration társadalmi elszigeteltség / integráció positive / negative attitude pozitív / negatív hozzállás deaf siket

WORD LIST hearing aid use sign language blind white (walking) stick service dog be paralyzed people in wheelchair physically accessible buildings wheelchair ramps low floor buses / trams disabled toilet disabled parking place / permit push a wheelchair be house ridden be bedridden therapy rehabilitation care / nursing home nursing aid

hallókészülék jelnyelvet használ vak fehér bot segítô kutya (pl. vakvezetô, rohamjelzô) lebénult kerekesszékes emberek akadálymentesített épületek kerekesszékes rámpák alacsonypadlós buszok / villamosok akadálymentesített wc mozgáskorlátozottaknak fenntartott parkoló / mozgáskorlátozott parkolási engedély kerekesszéket tol házhoz kötött (betegség miatt) ágyhoz kötött terápia rehabilitáció ápolási otthon ápolási segítség

FAMILY HOLIDAYS a family get-together throw a birthday party invite relatives / friends / guests birthday cake blow out the candles and make a wish balloon graduation engagement wedding wedding ceremony / reception wedding anniversary St. Nicholas / Santa Claus the birth of Christ Christmas Eve / Day

családi összejövetel születésnapi bulit rendez rokonokat / barátokat / vendégeket hív születésnapi torta elfújja a gyertyát és kíván vmit léggömb ballagás eljegyzés esküvő esküvői szertartás / lakodalom házassági évforduló Mikulás / Télapó Krisztus születése szenteste / karácsony napja (25.) Boxing Day karácsony másnapja (26.) decorate the house feldíszíti a házat set up a Christmas tree karácsonyfát állít make / buy / wrap / get / ajándékot készít / vásárol / give presents becsomagol / kap / ad wish (sy) a Merry Christmas boldog karácsonyt kíván go to church / templomba / éjféli misére megy the midnight service go to the Christmas mass elmegy a karácsonyi misére eat special foods különleges ételeket eszik fishsoup halászlé stuffed cabbage töltött káposzta poppy-seed roll mákos beigli gingerbread mézeskalács New Year's Eve szilveszter New Year's Day január elseje wish (sy) a Happy New Year boldog új évet kíván

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2 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY night gown collar turtle neck long / short sleeved button zip fastener pocket high-heeled / low-heeled / flat shoes trainers sandals boots PUBLIC HOLIDAYS slippers bank holiday munkaszüneti nap accessories commemorate sg megemlékezik vmiről jewels Hungarian Revolution and magyar forradalom és bracelet War of Independence szabadságharc ring wear a rosette kokárdát visel necklace Labour Day a munka ünnepe earring joining the EU az EU-hoz való csatlakozás scarf Foundation of the State államalapítás gloves / mittens fireworks display tűzijáték cap / hat the Revolution of 1956 1956-os forradalom cotton the Day of the Dead halottak napja denim visit the cemetery elmegy a temetőbe leather light a candle gyertyát gyújt woollen silk BRITISH AND AMERICAN HOLIDAYS velvet Guy Fawkes’ Day Guy Fawkes napja (Anglia) plain (5 November) patterned Írország védőszentjének St. Patrick’s Day striped (17 March) ünnepe Independence Day (4 July) a függetlenség napja (USA) polka-dotted checked Valentine’s Day (14 February) Valentin-nap tight-fitting Halloween (31 October) Halloween Columbus Day(12 October) Amerika felfedezésének napja baggy sporty Thanksgiving (last Thursday a hálaadás napja (USA) formal of November) casual smart FASHION AND CLOTHES ready-to-wear wardrobe ruhatár / ruhaszekrény tailor-made outfit szerelés, öltözék dress properly coat / fur coat kabát / bunda (un)fashionable jacket zakó / dzseki old-fashioned blazer blézer traditional cardigan kardigán conservative sweater / pullover / jumper pulóver stylish / trendy vest mellény hand-me-down clothes shirt ing be in fashion suit öltöny / kosztüm go out of fashion tie nyakkendő dress in the latest fashion belt öv follow fashion a pair of trousers / jeans nadrág / farmer ignore fashion skirt szoknya dress in good / bad taste dress / evening dress ruha / estélyi ruha reflect one’s personality shorts rövidnadrág sg matches sg tracksuit melegítő sg fits sy underwear fehérnemű sg suits sy bra melltartó put on sg pants / panties alsónadrág / női alsó take off sg socks / tights zokni / harisnya dress up pyjamas pizsama make a New Year’s resolution eat lentils stay up until mindnight drink champagne Good Friday Easter Sunday / Monday the resurrection of Christ Easter Bunny paint / gather eggs water / sprinkle the girls Mother's Day

újévi fogadalmat tesz lencsét eszik éjfélig fennmarad pezsgőt iszik nagypéntek húsvétvasárnap / -hétfő Krisztus feltámadása húsvéti nyuszi tojást fest / gyűjt meglocsolja a lányokat anyák napja

WORD LIST hálóing gallér garbónyakú hosszú / rövidujjú gomb cipzár zseb magas / alacsony sarkú / lapos cipő sportcipő szandál bakancs / csizma papucs kiegészítők ékszerek karkötő gyűrű nyaklánc fülbevaló sál kesztyű / egyujjas kesztyű sapka / kalap pamut farmer(anyag) bôr gyapjú selyem bársony egyszínű mintás csíkos pöttyös kockás szûk, testhezálló bô, buggyos sportos ünneplő lezser elegáns konfekció méretre készített alkalomhoz illôen öltözik divatos, divatja múlt ódivatú hagyományos konzervatív stílusos testvértôl örökölt ruhák divatos kimegy a divatból a legújabb divat szerint öltözik követi a divatot nem követi a divatot jó / rossz ízléssel öltözködik tükrözi a személyiségét vmi megy / illik vmihez vmi jó vkire (méretben) vmi illik vkhez felvesz vmit levesz vmit kiöltözik 37

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CONVERSATION

3/1 WHAT DOES YOUR ROOM LOOK LIKE? Please describe your room.

My room is quite (nice / small / big) ... I have (white / blue / orange) … curtains and (white / beige / blue / yellow) ... walls. My favourite colours (pale blue / lilac / cream / bright green) and (orange / red / dark blue / purple) … are dominant in my room.

What furniture do you have in your room? What does it look like? What is it made of?

I have (a big old armchair / quite a comfortable bed / a desk / some posters) … in the (corner / centre) ... of the room. There are some (armchairs / bookshelves) …, which are made of (wood / metal / glass / plastic) … My (bed / desk / wardrobe / bookshelves) … is / are of (metal / wood / fabric) …

What do you have on the walls?

I have (posters / pictures / photos / calendars) … all over the walls. My mum doesn’t like my (decoration / posters / paintings) …, because it is / they are so (horrible / awful) … Instead of putting up (posters / photos / bookshelves) … on the walls, I like (my own / my little sister’s) … (paintings / drawings) …

How would you like to change your room? Why?

My room is not very nice, so I would like to (redecorate it / change the colour of the walls / put up wallpaper / have some new furniture) … I am really bored with it, that’s why I want to (paint it myself / change the style of furniture) … I would like to have a new (desk / TV / bed / colour for my room) …

What is special about your room?

I think my room really reflects (my / my sister’s / my brother’s) … personality. I have personally decorated my room, so (it really looks the way I want it / it is really cosy) ... My room is exactly the way I like it.

3/2 COULD YOU DESCRIBE YOUR HOME, PLEASE? Where do you live?

Unfortunately, I live in a flat which is (quite small / a long way from the town centre / not very spacious / quite dark and cold) ... My parents have just bought a house which is (quite big / very comfortable / in the suburbs / nice and bright) ... We have a house with (several rooms / a nice garden around it / two storeys) ...

What kinds of rooms do you have?

Our house is not very big, so we only have (two bedrooms / a kitchen / a bathroom / a toilet / a living room) ... We live in a relatively small flat in a block of flats, so we don’t have (many rooms / a dining room / a garden / a garage) …, only (a small kitchen / a parking lot in the front) ... We live in a two-storey house; on the ground floor we have (a living-room / a bathroom / a kitchen / a hall / a pantry / a laundry-room) ... and on the first floor we have (three bedrooms / two bathrooms / two walk–in closets / a study) ...

What does the living-room / bedroom / study / kitchen / bathroom look like?

The (living-room / kitchen / dining-room) ... is quite (big / small / comfortable / spacious / bright / modern) ... There is / are (a big sofa / a modern dining table / a wooden staircase / antique paintings) ... in the (study / dining-room / living-room / hallway) ... We have a/an / the (TV-set / washing machine / toilet) ... in the (living-room / laundry-room / bathroom) ...

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CONVERSATION

What are the dominant colours / materials / styles?

The dominant colour / colours in the (living-room / bedrooms / bathroom / kitchen) ... is/are (blue / light yellow / different shades of brown / white and lilac) ... We prefer (wooden / metal / modern / traditional) ... furniture in the (living-room / whole house / bedrooms) ... My parents tried to furnish the house in a/an (Mediterranean / country / old-fashioned / very modern) ... style with (lots of old furniture / pastel colours / furniture they inherited from their grandparents) ...

What do you think the difference is between living in a house and living in a flat?

I think a house (is much bigger / is more comfortable / offers more space / is more intimate) ... than a flat. In a house you can have (your own bedroom / parties any time / more space to store things) ... Flats usually don’t have (an attic and a cellar / so many rooms / a separate toilet and bathroom / a garden) ..., so (they are less comfortable / they offer less comfort) ...

3/3 WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE IN A TOWN OR IN A VILLAGE IN THE FUTURE? What is it like to live in a town?

Living in a town is (very exciting / hectic / never dull) ... There are a lot of (cultural / entertainment / shopping) ... facilities and (schools / banks) … you can choose from. There are a lot of opportunities if you want to (go out / eat out / do sports / work) ... Unfortunately, you can’t (enjoy the fresh air / go for a walk in the woods / have a lot of animals around you) ...

What is life like in a village?

It is an ideal place to (grow up / enjoy nature / grow fruit and vegetables) ... but I miss (the shops / the malls / public transport) ... Village people are (peaceful / calm / friendly / hospitable / gossipy) ... In a village you can’t (find many sights / go to the theatre / make use of many service facilities) ..., but you can (reach everything easily / keep animals) ...

What are the main differences between living in a town and living in a village?

Some people say that (towns / villages) ... are (safe / dangerous / clean / dirty) ... Life in a town is (busy / stressful / tiring) ..., but at the same time it is (more challenging / hectic) and full of (adventure / entertainment / excitement) ... A (town / village) ... offers (fewer opportunities / more challenges / lower salaries / higher wages / worse health care / better employment facilities) ...

Why is it good / not good to have a garden?

You can have (nice flowers / flowerbeds / animals) …, but you have to (feed animals / dig the ground / rake the leaves in autumn) ... You never have enough time to (enjoy birdsong / do the harvest / mow the lawn) ... It’s a good feeling to (eat your own fruits / relax in a deck-chair / plant a tree) ...

Would you prefer to live in a town or in a village? Why?

I would prefer to (live in the town because my friends are there / live in the village where my relatives live / live on the outskirts of a town) ... I cannot imagine (living on a housing estate / keeping pets in a block of flats / commuting every day) ... It is not an easy question, but if I had to decide I would choose (the town / the village) ... because of (the fresh air / the rich history / unspoilt nature / the picturesque countryside) ...

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3/4 COULD YOU TELL ME SOME WORDS ABOUT YOUR TOWN OR VILLAGE? Where do you live? Where is it situated?

I live in (Zalaegerszeg) ..., which is (a small village / a town near the capital city of Hungary) … It has a very unfavourable/favourable location because it is situated (close to / far away from) … (Budapest / Lake Balaton / the town) ... It has over (eight thousand) … inhabitants.

What can you find in the village / town?

It has a lot of (old buildings / interesting monuments / tourist attractions / historical sights) … Several (statues / narrow streets / parks) … can be found here. It is also famous for its (historical city centre / cathedral / great hotels) …

What kind of services does it offer?

It offers a lot of (great places to stay / good restaurants / shopping centres / parks) … The town has a (sports centre / theatre / cinema / university / library) … There is also the opportunity to (go shopping / watch films / go to concerts / go to athletic events) …

What kinds of tourist attractions are there?

There are several (galleries / museums / monuments / buildings) ... worth (visiting / seeing) ... The most famous (statue / monument) ... (represents Glory / reminds us of historic moments / depicts a great historic figure) … A lot of tourists come here every year to visit the ( … Museum / famous … church) ... , which is (in the centre / on High Street / famous for) …

What are the main cultural / sports / etc. events in your town or village?

Several (cultural/sport events / street parades) ... are organised in (Szeged) … Personally, I like the (summer festival / … concert / … events) ... the most. If you want some entertainment during (the summer / the winter / your vacation) …, you should really see the ( ... Festival / ... Event) …, which is held on (10th August) … / from … to … .

3/5 WHAT KINDS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS ARE THERE AROUND YOU? What kinds of plants do you have in your house and garden / orchard?

We have a lot of (potted plants / cut flowers in the living-room) ..., especially around special occasions such as (graduations / birthdays / namedays / Mother’s Day) ... Our garden is full of (willow / pine / snowball / oak) ... trees and (rose / thuya / lilac) ... bushes. We have huge flower beds in front of the house with lots of (daisies marigolds / tulips / lilies) ...

What kinds of vegetables and fruits do you grow at home and which do you buy at the market?

As we have a huge garden, we grow the most necessary vegetables, for example, (carrots / onions / celeries / tomatoes) ... at home. In our orchard we have (plum / apricot / apple / pear / cherry / sour cherry / peach) ... trees. We don’t have a garden, so when we want to eat (potatoes / paprika / cucumber / corn / radishes) ... we have to buy them in the supermarket or at the market.

What are the most common pets and animals people usually keep?

Most of my friends have a (cat / dog / parrot / hamster / guinea pig) ... as a pet, but one of my classmates has a (spider / snake / turtle / canary / rabbit) ... Some people keep exotic / unusual animals at home such as (some sort of snake / a monkey / a ferret) ... I always wanted to have a (German shepherd / talking parrot) ..., but my parents wouldn’t let me have one. Instead, I got a (cat / canary / fish) ...

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CONVERSATION

Are there any other animals people keep around the house?

In villages people still have (hens / chickens / geese / sheep / pigs / goats / ducks) ... around the house. My grandmother told me that they used to have (horses / cows / turkeys) ..., but she is getting old, so she doesn’t keep them any more. People mostly keep (chickens / pigs / turkeys) ... for (their meat) ..., but a (cat / dog) ... can also (guard the house / catch mice) ...

What kinds of animals are kept in zoos? Why?

Exotic animals such as (lions / zebras / polar bears / panthers / elephants) ... are mostly kept in zoos because they (are almost extinct / need a special environment and/or climate / are dangerous) ... In the (Budapest / Veszprém) ... zoo there is even a (camel / giraffe / ostrich / panda / chimpanzee / cheetah / hippopotamus) ... Some people say it is cruel to keep these animals there, but I think (it can save them from extinction / it is a great experience for children / they are taken good care of) ...

3/6 WHAT IS THE CLIMATE LIKE IN HUNGARY? What is the climate like in Hungary?

The climate in Hungary is continental which means that (we have four seasons / winters can be cold / spring weather is usually unpredictable / summers are warm) … There are big differences between (the seasons / summer and winter weather) … The average temperatures (are between +8 and -12 / go up to 20-25 / go below zero) … degrees in winter / summer.

What is the weather like in the different seasons and how do people dress?

Winters are generally (cold / freezing / chilly / snowy) ... and people have to wear (warm clothes / a winter coat / boots) ... The (warmest / rainiest / driest / coldest / sunniest) ... season / month is (August / February / summer) … In summer we often have (high temperatures / lots of sunshine / showers / thunder and lightning) ...

What is your favourite season and why?

My favourite season is (spring / summer / autumn / winter) … because I can (skate / ski / swim / eat grapes) ... and it is ideal for (walking / fishing / camping / organizing a garden party / surfing) ... There is /are a lot of (snow / rain / sunshine / wind / storms) ... so I like / don’t like … I like (sunny / bright / good / predictable) ... weather, so the best season for me is (summer) …

Why is it useful to watch the weather forecast?

I always watch the weather forecast because I can (choose my outfit / plan my day / be informed about cold/warm fronts) ... I like to check the weather because (I don’t like to get wet / I want to know when to go on holiday) ... I can decide whether I need (an umbrella / a raincoat / a scarf / gloves) …

What was the weather like yesterday?

It was extremely (hot / cold / rainy), ... the temperature was (over 30 degrees / below zero) … The weather forecast was wrong because there was (no blizzard / rain / wind) ... It was ideal for me to (go swimming / hike / sit out in the garden) ...

What do you know about climate change and the so-called greenhouse effect?

I’ve learned in (biology / geography / physics)… that (the Earth will warm up by a few degrees celsius in the future / the seasons will soon vanish / extreme weather conditions such as the hurricanes in the US are probably a result of it / people using fossil fuels such as oil and coal cause it / deforestation is making it even worse)… The greenhouse effect is actually a natural process, it (means that the sun’s energy is kept in the atmoshpere and it heats the Earth up / supports life)…, however, (these gases are getting out of balance / the increase in carbon dioxide increases the greenhouse effect as well / cutting down trees, using fossil fuels, car exhaust fumes, industrial air pollution increase it)... Because of the increased greenhouse gases (the polar ice caps are melting / the sea level is increasing / the Gulf stream might change course or slow down).... 41

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3/7 WHAT DO YOU THINK YOU COULD PERSONALLY DO TO PROTECT YOUR ENVIRONMENT? What can we do in our everyday lives to protect the environment?

I think it is very important to be aware of (environmental problems / air pollution / water pollution) … I always (recycle my rubbish / use environmentally friendly things) … We don’t have to do big things, just start small, for example (switching off the lights in the rooms / not using too much water / not throwing litter away in the streets) … I have also tried to convince my family and friends to use (less water / less electricity / public transport more often) ...

What is the relationship between the use of cars and air pollution? What other means of transport do we have?

I believe car fumes can (increase the greenhouse effect / destroy the ozone layer / cause breathing problems / reduce the amount of oxygen) ... Instead of going by car, we could (go by bus / use public transport / use bicycles / use scooters) … Companies could use (trains / ships / planes) ... for transportation purposes instead of (lorries / trucks / cars) ...

What do you know about the energy sources in the world? What happens if they run out?

The most well-known energy sources nowadays are fossil fuels such as coal and oil, but (solar energy / wind power) … are also becoming more and more popular. As the traditional energy sources are running out, we could start using alternative energy sources such us (solar energy / earth heat) … The increasing lack of fossil fuels will cause problems in (the economy / powering engines eg. cars) …

What do you know of the world organisations which try to protect / conserve / save the environment and species from extinction? What are their methods?

I know (of) some organisations such us (Green Peace / Earth Watch) … which try to save (the environment / animals) … Several organisations came into being to (help / protect / save) … (the environment / endangered species) ... They (hand out leaflets / organise conferences/protests/campaigns) ..., and try to (call attention to endangered species / make people aware of global warming / advise on energy conservation) ...

Why is it important to preserve the environment and save rainforests / animals from extinction?

It is important to (save / protect / help) … (our environment / animals from extinction) ... because in 50 or 100 years’ time we will not have (enough food or energy / certain species) ... I think it’s not only our environment but the next generations’ too, so we should start to (rethink our way of life / consider the problems of energy) … People say, if we don’t do something now, in (a hundred years’ time) ... the Earth will (become exhausted / run out of resources) …

What is the Kyoto protocol? Have you ever heard of it?

I’ve (never heard of it / learned about it in geography / read about it on the internet / heard about it in our environmental group)... I know that (it’s an international agreement to cut back air pollution / it was first agreed on in the late 1990s / almost all countires ratified the treaty, except for the US and Canada who only signed it)... I know that it’s about the world’s countries fighting against air pollution, but (I don’t think it’s very effective / the biggest polluting countries are still not contributing enough) ...

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SITUATIONS

3/1 ENQUIRE ABOUT A FLAT You are a school leaver and you are going to university next September in another town. You would like to rent a flat. You have found an advertisement in the newspaper. Call the owner (played by the examiner) and ask him / her about the following: l l l l

size / number of rooms location / public transport possibilities furniture monthly rent.

Start by greeting the owner of the flat.

r rent! 9 o f T A L F 776 24 6 0 4 6 0 ll Ca

3/2 ARRANGE YOUR ROOM You are redecorating your room at home. Persuade your mother / father (played by the examiner) to buy the following pieces of furniture and explain why you need them.

Start by telling your mother / father that you need some new pieces of furniture. 3/3 ORGANISE A SIGHTSEEING TOUR FOR AN EXCHANGE STUDENT Your British friend (played by the examiner) is staying with you for a week. It is Saturday morning. You want to plan your afternoon and the evening. Suggest a variety of programmes and sights to your friend. Include the following: l l l l

ask what he / she prefers offer possible places (museums, churches…) explain what there is to see there (statues, paintings…) suggest some evening entertainment.

Start by telling your friend that you want to take him / her out somewhere this afternoon. 3/4 CHOOSE A PET Your parents promised you a pet for your birthday. Now you are in a pet shop with your mother and you have to decide on one pet. Ask the shop assistant (played by the examiner) about the following:

l l l l

how long they live how to care for them equipment needed price.

Start by greeting the shop assistant. 43

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3/5 GIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE WEATHER It is May and your English penfriend is coming to Hungary tomorrow (Sunday) for 10 days. Now you are talking to him / her (played by the examiner) on the phone. Tell him / her about the following: l l l l

the current weather weather conditions for the next five days predictions for those days you can’t see what clothes to bring.

Start by greeting your friend on the phone. 3/6 EARTH DAY It’s Earth Day. You belong to an environmental group and would like to do something to mark the occasion. Discuss the following options with your fellow activist (played by the examiner) and decide on one of them: l collecting rubbish in the forest l volunteer work at the animal shelter l planting a garden. Start by telling your fellow group member that you should do something on Earth Day.

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

3/1 ENQUIRE ABOUT A FLAT A – Good afternoon! Can I speak to . . . ? B – Speaking. Good afternoon. A – I have seen the advertisement in the newspaper and I have a few questions about the flat. B – What would you like to know? A – How big is it? B – It is 56 m2. A – How many rooms are there? B – There is a living room, an American-style kitchen and two bedrooms each with a bathroom. One of the bedrooms has a walk-in closet. A – It sounds good. Where is the flat situated? B – It is near the city centre. It’s ten minutes by car. A – How can it be reached by public transport? B – You can get to the nearest bus stop in two minutes. A – Is there any furniture in the flat? B – No, the flat is empty. A – How much does it cost for a month? B – 70,000 forints plus overheads. A – Thank you very much. I will think about it. B – You’re welcome. Bye. A – Bye. 3/2 ARRANGE YOUR ROOM A – Hi …! B – Hi …! What’s up? A – I’d like to talk to you. I was thinking, now that we’re redecorating my room I might need some new pieces of furniture. B – What do you mean? A – I mean that some of them are quite old and run-down. After all, I’ve had them since I was small. B – You’re right. And which ones do you mean exactly? A – My bed, for example. It squeaks and there’s a huge hole in the middle of the mattress. It gives me quite a back ache. B – Why didn’t you say that earlier? We could’ve bought a new one already. What kind of bed would you like to have? A – A double bed would be nice. B – What do you need a double bed for? A – I’m quite tall, I would have plenty of room on it. B – OK. We’ll get you a new bed. Is that all? A – Actually, another TV would also be great. B – What’s wrong with your TV? A – It takes up too much space, it heats up the room in summer and it’s ancient. It doesn’t even have a USB port. It’d be such a great thing to have a flat screen TV. B – What on earth is a USB port? A – Never mind! B – Look, I’m not sure we can afford to spend so much all at once. A – Can I get it for my birthday? Or Christmas? Or both? B – I’ll talk to your mother / father about it. A – Thanks …! Oh, and one more thing: the computer desk. B – I know it’s old and too small for you. A – It is indeed. B – We could replace it with the desk in the study until we can buy a new one. Nobody’s using that. What do you think? A – I’m fine with that. Thanks! B – That’s OK. 3/3 ORGANISE A SIGHTSEEING TOUR FOR AN EXCHANGE STUDENT A – Hey …! B – Hi …! How are you? A – I’m fine. How are you? B – Not too bad, thanks. 45

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A – Look, I have an idea! Would you fancy going on a sightseeing tour in town with me today? B – Sure! What a splendid idea! What are we going to see? A – What would you like to see? B – Do you have any old buildings here in town? A – Well, the town is more than a thousand years old so I think we’ll find some. B – Wow! A thousand years old? A – Yes, and some of our kings are buried here. B – I would definitely like to see that! A – OK, then we’ll go to the Garden of Ruins in the town centre. B – Sounds good. I’m taking my camera. What else will we see there? A – There are some statues, churches, museums, the Bishop’s Palace, the brand new promenade, and even a freshly redecorated Turkish bath. B – They all sound fantastic! Do you have any zoos or adventure parks around here? A – Unfortunately, we don’t. We never had any zoos. There aren’t too many in the whole country actually. B – I see. A – A few years ago there was a plan to create an adventure park next to the town swimming pool, but it was never carried out. B – What a pity! But I’m sure the historical buildings will make up for that. A – I’m sure they will. By the way, do you have any plans for the evening? B – No, I don’t. What do you have in mind? A – I was thinking, if we are already in the town centre, we could go to one of the pubs there. B – OK, I’m game! A – Great! Shall we go? We have a lot to see today. B – Sure! Let’s go! 3/4 CHOOSE A PET A – Good afternoon. B – Good afternoon. How can I help? A – I would like to have a pet, but I have no idea what to choose. B – Do you live in a house or in a flat? A – I live in a flat. B – Then I wouldn’t suggest you choose a dog or a cat or any of the bigger animals because they need more space and open air. A – What else can you offer then? B – Let me see. We have very nice parrots. A – How long do they live? B – Small parrots usually live for 15-20 years. A – Great! What do they eat? B – They eat seeds and fruit. We sell special parrot food, if you need some. A – Do they need any special care? B – Only their cage needs to be cleaned once a week. A – Can they talk? B – Unfortunately, these ones are not able to learn to talk. A – What a pity! Do you have anything else? B – We have some beautiful goldfish. What do you think of them? A – I’m not sure. How long do they live? B – The lifespan of a goldfish in captivity can go over 10 years. A – How much care do they need? B – The aquarium needs to be cleaned regularly and you have to pay attention to the water temperature and oxygen level. A – Oh, that’s too complicated for me. Are there any other small animals? B – We have one more to offer. Look at this cute little hamster. Unfortunately, they only live for 2-3 years. A – What do they eat? B – They eat fresh fruit, vegetables and insects, but practically all foods are suitable for them. A – Where do you keep a hamster? B – They are usually kept in cages. You can choose a cage from these shelves as well, if you like. A – OK, I think I’ll choose the hamster. How much is it? B – It is 1240 forints. Would you like to buy a cage and some food as well? A – Thank you. We have a cage at home, but I would like to take some food as well. B – I would suggest you buy some seeds and give it some fresh fruit or vegetables occasionally. A – Thank you. Bye. B – Bye. 46

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

3/5 GIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE WEATHER A – Hello! It’s . . . calling from Hungary. I’d like to talk to . . . . B – Speaking. A – Hi! Are you ready to come to Hungary? B – Yes, I am, more or less. A – Have you packed everything? B – Actually, not yet because I don’t know what the weather will be like in Hungary in the next 10 days. A – OK. It’s quite pleasant and warm right now, so we have typical May weather. The temperature is around 23 ºC but we have light rain. B – And what about tomorrow? A – About the same, but a bit warmer. B – I see. And what about next week? A – Well, for some days it will be the same. Until about Tuesday. There will be showers, but it will be pleasantly warm. B – And after that? A – After that it’ll only be slightly cloudy and it’ll get warmer each day. By the end of the week it will be almost 30 ºC. B – That sounds good. And what about the week after that? Do you know anything about it? A – Well, all I’ve heard is that it will get warmer and drier, so we’ll have fantastic weather. B – That’s good. A – Yes, it is. We can go to the beach to swim and have fun. B – So what kind of clothes do you think I should bring with me? A – Comfortable ones. And a raincoat as well. You should also bring some clothes which you can wear in good weather. You know, some tops, T-shirts, shorts, skirts. And don’t forget to bring your bikini. B – OK, I won’t. A – So, do you have everything? B – I think so. Thanks for the information. A – You’re welcome. See you at the airport tomorrow. B – OK. Bye. 3/6 EARTH DAY A – I think we should do something on Earth Day, after all we’re representing the environmental group in the school. B – It’s a great idea! Have you thought of anything special? A – I have a few ideas, I just don’t know which one we should do. B – Tell me! A – For example, we could collect rubbish in the forest where we usually go in biology lessons to check out the trees and bushes and everything, you know. I’ve noticed that it’s full of litter. It’s really a shame. B – Yes, this is a good idea and everyone knows this forest. A – And everyone likes it too. B – You’re right. Shall we go to the director and ask her / him about it? A – Wait! I have some more. B – Right! I’m all ears. A – We could also check if anyone would like to do some voluntary work at the animal shelter. B – OK. I guess we have people here who like animals. A – I’m pretty sure of that. And my third idea was to plant a garden somewhere in the city. B – Well, that’s also good, but we would need money to buy the plants. A – Or we need a garden nursery who would donate some. B – Or that. A – So what do you think? B – I think the first one is the best. A – Yes, I agree. We all have a connection to that forest and it really promotes the idea of environmental protection, doesn’t it? B – Yes, absolutely. So where do we start? A – I think we should ask the school director if we can do it. Then we contact the Forestry Department and let them know that we’d like to collect the rubbish there. If both agree, we can make some posters and promote our project. B – You’re a great organiser! A – Thanks! I hope it’ll be popular among the students. It would be nice to have more of them enthusiastic about our cause. B – Right. So shall we go to the director? A – Yes, let’s ask her / him. 47

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3/1 YOUR HOME These pictures show different parts of a house. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

rooms in a house the way they are furnished the functions of these rooms your room.

3/2 3/2 HUNGARY These pictures show famous sights in Hungary. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

famous historical sights in Hungary entertainment and cultural facilities your favourite sights sights worth seeing in your neighbourhood.

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3/3 LIVING IN A TOWN OR IN A VILLAGE These pictures show places where people live, in the city and in the country. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the advantages and disadvantages of living in these places the activities you can do in the city and those you can do in the country why people decide to live in them your present home and your idea of your future home.

3/4 PETS These pictures show different pets people keep at home. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

usual and unusual pets people keep why people keep pets what sort of care pets need the pet you have / would like to have.

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3/5 SEASONS AND WEATHER These pictures show places with different climates. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

weather conditions in these areas advantages and disadvantages of these climates where you would like to live your favourite season.

3/6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION These pictures show different environmental issues. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

different types of environmental pollution consequences of pollution ways of protecting the environment what you personally do to protect the environment.

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SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

3/1 YOUR HOME Normally there are many rooms in a house: a living room, a kitchen, some bedrooms, one or more bathrooms and some utility rooms. In bigger houses or flats you may also have a dining room, a study, a walk-in wardrobe. It’s also nice if the house or flat has a terrace or a balcony where you can sit out in nice weather. Houses usually also have an attic, but you can have a basement for a flat as well. The rooms are usually furnished in a way that they can serve their purpose the best. People spend most of their free time in the living room, so usually there’s a sofa and armchairs there, a big TV and bookshelves. The bedrooms are used for sleeping, so we normally have a bed there and a wardrobe where we can put our clothes. Kids also have a desk in their bedrooms where they do their homework. The kitchens are used for cooking, and dining if there is no separate dining room. You would normally have a cupboard there with all the pots and pans, bowls, plates, glasses and cutlery, and a table with four or six chairs depending on the size of the room and the number of people living there. In the bathroom you normally have a bathtub or a shower, or both, a toilet and a basin. Normally houses or flats have curtains on the windows and shutters or blinds. Some people like to have lots of potted plants in their homes as well, others do not have many. People also have carpets in most of the rooms which makes them more cosy. Attics and basements are usually used to store things that are not used every day. My room is quite small but very nice. I have a bed, a desk, a bookshelf, a wardrobe and a chest of drawers with a TV on it. The main colours are purple and cream, and I have some plants too. I was allowed to choose the furniture when we redecorated a few years ago, so I have everything the way I wanted. I enjoy having my own room where I can be alone whenever I want to or I can invite my friends. 3/2 HUNGARY As Hungary is more than a thousand years old, there are a lot of famous historical sights. They are all worth visiting. Some of the most well-known ones are the Buda Castle Quarter in Budapest, the Banks of the Danube around Budapest, the old village of Hollókô and its surroundings, the Caves of Aggtelek, the Abbey of Pannonhalma, Hortobágy National Park, the early Christian Necropolis of Pécs, the Fertô Lake landscape or the Tokaj Wine Region, to name just a few. A lot of entertainment and cultural facilities are offered for foreign tourists, but Hungarian people also like visiting them. The country is famous for its hospitality, wines, local dishes and gastronomy. Numerous programmes are organised all over the country to entertain guests such as concerts, folklore festivals, art festivals, historical and castle-games, sport programmes, exhibitions and expos. Everybody can find something interesting and entertaining for them. I have visited many parts of Hungary so far, and my favourite place in Hungary is Buda, which is the oldest part of Budapest. Sights worth seeing include the so-called Castle district, with the Mathias Church and the Fisherman’s Bastion. From the top of Gellért hill there is an amazing view over the city and the Danube. The Citadella was built for the soldiers who died in World War II. The Fisherman’s Bastion, which is located in the Castle district, was built between 1895 and 1902. Nowadays, it is used as a sightseeing point with a great view over the Pest side of Budapest. I live in a small village so we do not have a lot of sights, but when my penfriend visited me I showed her around. We visited the local manor house which was built in the 18th century by a count and my great-grandfather worked there as a gardener. There is a picturesque park and a beautiful lake with a forest surrounding the manor house. We also have a small fire tower from which the whole village can be seen. Sometimes the church is also visited by tourists, and a local folk centre offers insight into the life of peasants in the past. I like living there and I am proud of these historical memorials. 3/3 LIVING IN A TOWN OR IN A VILLAGE In a town there is a wide variety of services and different kinds of facilities such as shopping, entertainment and employment. There are a lot of possibilities if you are considering schooling, health care and sports facilities. Public transport is also more widely available than it is in the country. The buses run frequently, and it doesn’t take long to get to the nearest bus stop. However, there are very few green areas or parks where you can enjoy the fresh air. Some parts of towns are neglected, dirty and even dangerous. Life is often stressful because of the rush hours, heavy traffic and the noise. Life is more peaceful and quiet in a village. People care more about each other and they have closer contacts. They can enjoy the fresh air, the gentle pace of living. Life is not so hectic, people are more relaxed. In the lives of village people things such as their garden, growing plants and getting on well with neighbours are important. On the other hand, they can sometimes feel bored and isolated. There are fewer places to go to and to work at, and sometimes education and healthcare are not easily available. I have lived in a block of flats since I was born, but I have always wanted to live in a detached house either in a village or in the suburbs. Our flat is on the 4th floor so we have to climb the stairs or wait for the lift which often

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breaks down. Our neighbours are very friendly, but the walls are so thin that we can sometimes hear them talking. Our housing estate doesn’t look very nice. There aren’t many green spaces and the playgrounds are in a bad condition. Since I have lived in a small flat all my life I wonder what it would be like to live in a detached house in a quiet village. 3/4 PETS Lots of people have pets at home. Most of them have the usual ones such as cats, dogs, canaries, parrots, fish or turtles. You can play or even communicate with some of these animals or you can teach them tricks. I’ve also heard that some people have quite unusual pets, for example, snakes, mice, rats, ferrets, iguanas, and other exotic animals. Some of these are even dangerous or you might even need special permits so that you can keep them in your flat. Most people keep pets because they want company. It’s nice that when you go home and you don’t live with your family you still have someone around you that you can take care of and you can talk to, even if they don’t answer. They say that dogs are poeple’s best friends, and even cats can provide company if you’re lonely. Some dogs are not only kept for this reason, but also to guard the house or garden, or even to hunt. Other animals are not really kept for these reasons. Anyone who’d like to have pets needs to think of the care and time they require. We need to feed them, take them regulary to the vet, play with them. Having a pet not only requires time, but money as well. My parents won’t let me have a pet because we live in a small flat and it would be cruel to the animal to keep it there. One day, when I’m grown up and I have my own house I would like to have a dog though. I’d go to the animal shelter and adopt a smaller dog from there. I’d walk it every day and I’d play all sorts of games with it. I think dogs are extremely intelligent animals and I would like to have one as my best friend. 3/5 SEASONS AND WEATHER Weather conditions can be quite different in mountainous and tropical areas. In the mountains it’s usually cold, rainy and foggy and above a certain level you can have snow all the year round. Usually there are only two seasons, the cold one with lots of snow and the warmer one without snow. The air is usually very clean in the mountains, and lots of people travel to these areas if they want to breath in fresh air. At the end of the winter time when the snow melts people have to be careful about avalanches in these areas, they can be quite dangerous. Usually not many people live in the mountains, people only go there to enjoy winter sports or hike there in the summer time. Tropical areas are known to be hot all around the year. Usually there’s only one season, hot weather, or maybe two if there’s a rainy one as well. Tropical places have very pleasant weather day and night, people usually spend their summer holidays there, or they visit them in winter if they want to enjoy some sunshine and warm water. Some of the popular tropical destinations have months when they have extreme weather conditions such as hurricanes and typhoons. These can also be dangerous. I’ve always lived in a continental climate and I got quite used to having four seasons, although they seem to have vanished a little. We normally have a very cold winter with sub-zero temperatures, then a pleasant spring with some showers and sunshine, then quite a warm summer with occasional heat waves and some thunder and lightning, and finally a not so pleasant grey, foggy and chilly autumn. I like to have this variety, I think, so I don’t plan to move elsewhere just for the climate. My favourite season is spring, I absolutely love to see how nature is reborn each year. Trees blossom and flowers bloom. We enjoy the first real sunshine of the year, and I particularly like the smell of spring, it is so fresh that you want to keep your window open all the time. I wouldn’t trade this feeling for anything. 3/6 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION There are many different types of pollution, for example air, water, atmospheric and even noise pollution. The first two are usually caused by different substances or materials, so-called pollutants. The main causes of water pollution are sewage, various chemicals (fertilizers, insecticides, etc.), lead or oil spills. These can get into the water through industrial spills or dumping or tanker catastrophes. Polluted water is very dangerous not only because it endangers the flora and fauna living in the water but also because it may affect sources of drinking water in inhabited areas from underwater springs. Air pollution is usually caused by industry and by exhaust gases from vehicles. These contain carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides which can cause major health problems such as asthma, allergy, etc. There are various things people can do to preserve nature and create a healthier environment. They can recycle some of their rubbish, plant trees which in return will produce oxygen, use bicycles and public transport instead of cars, and find alternatives to aerosols. These all contribute to a healthier environment and, fortunately, more and more people are beginning to realize it. I think we don’t necessarily have to do big things, but we should think responsibly about our environment and do everything we can for it. I personally always recycle as much rubbish as I can and try to save energy and water by using them only when I need them, and I never drop any litter in the streets.

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3 OUR ENVIRONMENT HOUSING (detached) house semi-detached house terraced house bungalow a two- / three-storey building fence ground floor, first floor block of flats housing development stairs, staircase landing flat / apartment a three-room flat downstairs, upstairs

(családi) ház ikerház sorház földszintes ház két- / háromemeletes épület kerítés földszint, első emelet háztömb lakótelep lépcső, lépcsőház lépcsőforduló lakás háromszobás lakás alsó szint(en), felső szint(en) hall(way) előszoba, folyosó kitchen konyha pantry kamra dining room étkező sitting room nappali study dolgozószoba bedroom hálószoba walk-in closet gardróbszoba bathroom fürdőszoba laundry-room mosókonyha balcony erkély terrace terasz attic padlás(szoba) cellar pince ceiling plafon wallpapered tapétázott painted festett whitewashed fehérre meszelt curtain függöny shutter redőny reluxa blinds floor padló parquet floor parketta wall-to-wall / fitted carpet szőnyegpadló carpet szőnyeg sofa kanapé coffee table dohányzóasztal wall unit szekrénysor bookcase könyvszekrény bookshelf könyvespolc desk íróasztal swivel chair forgószék painting festmény dining-table étkezőasztal double bed franciaágy bunk beds emeletes ágy bedside-table éjjeliszekrény dressing table fésülködőasztal mirror tükör alarm clock ébresztőóra (ruhás)szekrény wardrobe chest of drawers komód, fiókos szekrény potted plant cserepes növény cupboard konyhaszekrény sink mosogató

WORD LIST basin bathtub shower cubicle tap made of wood / metal / glass / plastic

mosdó fürdőkád zuhanyfülke csap fából / fémből / üvegből / műanyagból készült

HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS broom dustpan vacuum cleaner washing machine lawnmower kitchen appliances microwave oven dishwasher fridge / freezer electric / gas cooker sandwich maker toaster food mixer / processor / blender hand blender tea / coffee maker cutlery knife spoon fork plate pots and pans glass mug coaster serviette / napkin

seprű lapát porszívó mosógép fûnyíró konyhai eszközök mikrohullámú sütô mosogatógép hûtô / fagyasztó elektromos / gáztûzhely szendvicssütô kenyérpirító konyhai robotgép / turmixgép botmixer tea- / kávéfôzô evôeszközök kés kanál villa tányér edények pohár bögre poháralátét szalvéta

CITY LIFE / COUNTRY LIFE city / town nagyváros / kisváros in the countryside vidéken industrial area ipari zóna green belt zöldövezet (on the) outskirts külváros(ban) (in the) suburb kertváros(ban) district kerület commute ingázik cultural / shopping / kulturális / vásárlási / sports facilities sport lehetőségek employment opportunities munkalehetőségek public transport tömegközlekedés light / heavy traffic kis / nagy forgalom traffic jam dugó rush hour csúcsforgalom noisy hangos, zajos (over)crowded (túl)zsúfolt air pollution légszennyezés impersonal személytelen slow pace of life lassú élettempó peaceful nyugodt quiet csendes dull / boring unalmas, egyhangú cut off / isolated elszigetelt institutions intézmények town / city hall városháza 53

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3 OUR ENVIRONMENT court of justice community centre GP's surgery chemist's sports hall / field multi-storey car park playground LANDSCAPE flat hilly mountain(ous) wooded woods meadow wheat / corn field vineyard orchard pasture spring brook river bank IN THE GARDEN be green fingered grow vegetables / fruit / plants plant weed spray pick fruit harvest flowerbed geranium petunia begonia daisy tulip lilac lily of the valley forget-me-not pansy blossom bloom fruit trees evergreens bushes lawn mow the lawn dig the ground rake the leaves insects bee ladybird worm ant fly bug mosquito snail

bíróság közösségi ház háziorvosi rendelô gyógyszertár sportcsarnok / -pálya többszintes parkoló játszótér sík dombos hegyes erdôs erdô rét búza- / kukoricamezô szôlô, szôlôskert, szőlőhegy gyümölcsöskert legelô forrás patak folyópart kertmániás zöldségeket / gyümölcsöt / növényeket termeszt ültet gyomlál permetez gyümölcsöt szed szüretel virágágyás muskátli petunia begónia százszorszép tulipán orgona göngyvirág nefelejcs árvácska rügyezik virágzik gyümölcsfák örökzöldek bokrok gyep füvet nyír felássa a talajt összegereblyézi a leveleket rovarok méh katicabogár kukac hangya légy bogár szúnyog csiga

WORD LIST butterfly blackbird pigeon birdhouse garden furniture deckchair sun umbrella swimming pool pond swing sandpit ANIMALS pet puppy kitten guinea pig hamster goldfish turtle aquarium parrot canary exotic birds cage snake spider care for / tend sg walk the dog feed the cat change the water take a pet to the vet farm / domestic animals breed animals hen lay an egg duck goose (pl. geese) turkey pig cow sheep goat rabbit wild animals deer fox wolf wild boar squirrel bat owl hedgehog (polar) bear whale dolphin shark penguin crocodile hippo ostrich

pillangó rigó galamb madáretetô kertibútor nyugágy napernyô medence tavacska hinta homokozó kisállat kiskutya kiscica tengerimalac hörcsög aranyhal teknôc akvárium papagáj kanári egzotikus madarak kalitka / ketrec kígyó pók gondoz vmit / törôdik vmivel kutyát sétáltat megeteti a macskát friss vizet ad elviszi az állatorvoshoz háziállatok állatokat tenyészt tyúk tojást rak kacsa liba pulyka disznó tehén birka kecske nyúl vadállatok szarvas róka farkas vaddisznó mókus denevér bagoly sündisznó (jeges)medve bálna delfin cápa pingvin krokodil víziló strucc

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3 OUR ENVIRONMENT giraffe natural habitat wildlife reserves endangered species become extinct adopt an animal

zsiráf természetes élôhely vadrezervátum veszélyeztetett fajok kihal örökbe fogad egy állatot

CLIMATE AND WEATHER climate éghajlat continental kontinentális temperate mérsékelt tropical trópusi season évszak weather forecast idôjárásjelentés average temperature átlaghômérséklet change for the worse rosszabbra fordul it's 32 degrees Celsius / 32 (Celsius-)fok van centigrade it's 10 degrees below zero mínusz 10 fok van it's freezing fagy it's freezing cold dermesztô hideg van it's chilly hűvös van it's pretty mild outside egész enyhe idô van kint it's pleasantly warm kellemes meleg van it's unbearably hot elviselhetetlen forróság van heat forróság heat wave hôhullám drought szárazság flood áradás changeable szeszélyes dry száraz wet csapadékos cloud / cloudy felhő / felhôs overcast borult fog / foggy köd / ködös wind / windy szél / szeles sun / sunny nap / napos storm / stormy vihar / viharos shower zápor sleet ónos esô esik it's raining cats and dogs szakad az esô heavy storm heves vihar it's thundering dörög az ég it's lightning villámlik rainbow szivárvány it's snowing havazik snowfall hóesés it's melting olvad Indian summer vénasszonyok nyara

WORD LIST (alternative) energy sources (alternatív) energiaforrások nuclear energy / waste nukleáris energia / hulladék wind / solar energy szél- / napenergia recycling újrahasznosítás climate changes éghajlati változások global warming globális felmelegedés ice caps jégsapkák greenhouse effect üvegházhatás ozone layer ózonréteg deforestation erdőirtás rainforests esôerdők starvation éhínség epidemics járványok environmental protection környezetvédelem environmental groups környezetvédô csoportok campaigns kampányok protests tüntetések környezetbarát environmentally friendly selective waste collection szelektív hulladékgyűjtés separate waste szétválogatja a szemetet recycle rubbish újrahasznosítja a szemetet compost organic waste komposztálja a szerves hulladékot save water / electricity takarékoskodik a vízzel / árammal collect used batteries összegyűjti a használt elemeket use recycled paper újrapapírt használ

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS pollute / pollution szennyez / szennyezés air / water / industrial levegô- / víz- / pollution ipari szennyezés exhaust fumes / gases kipufogó gázok carbon monoxide szénmonoxid unleaded petrol ólommentes benzin chemicals vegyi anyagok smog szmog acid rain savas esô breathing problems légzési problémák 55

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4 SCHOOL

CONVERSATION

4/1 WHERE DO YOU GO TO SCHOOL? Which school do you attend?

I attend (… Secondary School / … Grammar School / … Vocational School) which is famous for its (strict teachers / ... special English classes / high-standard of teaching / school choir) ... My school has a good reputation in the town because (it has strict requirements / of its well-qualified staff / of its great management) ... I go to a special (German / Maths / English / Art / P. E.) ... class.

What do your school building and the classrooms look like?

The (huge / old / modern) … school building is situated (next to a park / at a busy intersection / on the outskirts / on our housing estate / in our street) ... There are about (25) … classrooms, and they are decorated with (flowers / posters / charts / maps / pictures / photos of the class) ... We have our own classroom, and I like it because it’s (very cosy / well-equipped / spacious) ... The (blackboard /desks / chairs / computers) … is/are in (good / bad) … condition.

What kinds of special classrooms and facilities does your school offer?

We have (a library / a computer lab / a gym / extensive school grounds) … with a lot of (books / computers / sports fields) ... Our well-equipped (biology / chemistry / language) … classroom offers good opportunities for learning. We could have more (books / computers / classrooms) … in (the library / the computer lab / the school) ...

What do you like most about your school?

I like the way teachers teach/treat us because it’s (motivating / challenging / interesting / just) ... I’m lucky to have such classmates who (help each other / respect the teachers / are ambitious / are well-behaved / are motivated) ... It is worth going to (. . . Grammar School) ... because there are a lot of (extracurricular activities / parties / events / competitions / balls / excursions) ...

4/2 WHAT SUBJECTS DO YOU HAVE AT SCHOOL? How many lessons, study circles, training sessions and private lessons do you have a week?

Almost every day I have (maths / literature / English / German / history) ... lessons, but on (Mondays / Tuesdays) ... I have no (maths / physics / PE) ... On (Mondays / Wednesdays) ... I have a (chemistry / biology) ... (lesson / study circle) ... in the afternoon, so I have a really long day. My timetable is quite full on most days, I usually have (five / six) ... lessons.

What subjects do you study and what do you learn about during these lessons?

This year I have had (my favourite / interesting / quite boring) ... subjects, such as (chemistry / geography) ... In (biology / literature) ... we mostly (learn / read about / do) ... My school is well-equipped so we can do a lot of experiments in the (chemistry / biology / physics) ... laboratories.

What is your favourite subject? What are the subjects you don’t like?

My favourite subject is (geography / English / history) ... because (I have always been interested in it / we have very exciting lessons) ... I have never been fond of (maths / physics / literature / PE) ... because (it’s too difficult / I don’t really like learning dates/numbers/words/doing exercises) ... I especially like (biology / history / philosophy) ..., but I can’t stand (geography / chemistry) ...

What else would you like to learn at school?

I think (technology and design / social studies / cooking / household management / driving) ... would be useful to learn. I don’t understand why we have to study (chemistry / biology) ..., (information technology / Russian) ... would be much more (useful / interesting / fun) ... to learn. I’ve heard that students in other countries have (music / technology / social studies) ... lessons, which are very (interesting / motivating / useful) ...

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4 SCHOOL

CONVERSATION

4/3 WHAT KINDS OF DIFFERENT WAYS ARE THERE TO LEARN? HOW CAN THE INTERNET BE USED FOR LEARNING? How do you usually study I learn (pretty quickly / very slowly)... so when we have a test (I never worry / for school? How do you prepare I’m always relaxed / I’m always prepared / I’m totally scared / I’m very for lessons, tests, exams? nervous) ... When I have to learn something by heart I usually (read it several times / make small reminders / start learning it a few days earlier so I have time to memorise / do it sentence by sentence) ... I usually (practise / swot / read) ... a lot for (tests / exams) ... because I (hate taking tests and exams unprepared / think it’s really important to achieve good results) ... What other possibilities are there to broaden your knowledge?

I think it’s important to (read a lot of newspapers and books / watch the news regularly / read scientific magazines / go to the library and borrow books / watch documentary films on TV)... so that we can broaden our knowledge. We can learn a lot by (working and helping at home / taking on student jobs / travelling / watching foreign language TV channels / surfing the internet / chatting with foreign people in chat rooms / looking up things on the internet / having hobbies / taking part in extracurricular activities)... My school now has (interactive whiteboards / wireless internet access / laptops with webcams / kindles / notebooks)... that we can use in certain classes and they are a lot of fun and give us a lot of motivation to learn.

How does the internet affect learning? What do you use the internet for?

The internet (is a great source of information / brings everything close to us / provides lots of learning possibilities).... because (you can access it almost everywhere / you can find the answers to every question)... So far I haven’t used the internet too much but (I had a class at school where we used learning portals and since then I quite like it / I think it is very useful and I plan to practise English with the help of internet-based practice programs).... I personally (do research for my school papers online / have my own website about dogs / have a blog on the internet where I post articles about movies / like using the internet search engines to find out interesting facts about history / like watching BBC documentaries online)... and I find it very (useful / educational / interesting / entertaining)...

Have you heard about online learning? Have you ever tried any online courses?

I’ve never tried any online courses (but I think they could be very good / and I don’t think I’ll ever try any / but I’ve heard that there are many available on the internet).... Yes, I’ve heard about them and (I think they give us huge possibilities / some of them are said to be very good / I hope I can take one in the future / I’m interested in trying them).... Last summer I actually took a course in (literature / English / mathematics / science)... which was hosted by (a foreign university / the BBC / the Ministry of Education).... and I found it very (interesting / educational)... I think online courses are (useful / motivating)... but (they will never take the place of traditional tutoring / real student-teacher interaction is better / on-site learning is more interesting / connecting and making friends with other students are not always easy in online courses)... so I think their use will remain limited for a while.

4/4 WHAT LANGUAGES HAVE YOU LEARNED SO FAR? How long have you been learning languages?

I learnt (German / English / Russian) ... in (primary school) … I have been learning (French / Spanish / Italian) … for (two) … years. I don’t have much experience with (learning foreign languages) … yet, but (I would like to learn some Japanese one day / I have already enrolled on a Spanish course)…

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CONVERSATION

What are your personal methods?

I like to learn languages by (listening to the radio / listening to music / watching TV / reading books / reading newspapers and magazines / surfing the internet) … I usually (chat with my friends / write e-mails / translate songs) … in (English / German / Italian) … to improve my (vocabulary / speaking skills / writing skills) … I think it’s really useful to (read magazines / watch foreign channels / watch films in their original version) … for practice.

Why are languages important in your life?

I can use my knowledge when I (go abroad / chat with my foreign friends / meet a foreign tourist) … Sometimes I (have to translate things for my parents / have to give directions to a tourist / read texts in other languages) … As I would like to work in the (tourism / business / wellness) … sector, I think it is really important for me to (learn languages / speak at least two languages / speak English and a second foreign language) …

Why is English considered a world language?

English is spoken all over the world. It became a world language, partly due to British conquests around the world. It is the international language of (communications / science / business / aviation / information technology) ...

Where do you think you will use English in the future?

It can be used in many areas of life, for example, (at my future workplace / on holidays / translating manuals / watching movies in the cinema) … I think English is worth learning because (it is an international language / almost everybody understands it abroad / most workplaces require some knowledge of it) … I will use it a lot in my career as well ...

4/5 WHAT ELSE DO YOU DO AT SCHOOL BESIDES STUDYING? What kinds of after-school activities are there in your school?

We have (folk dancing classes / training sessions / matches / choir practice) ... There is a wide variety of (study circles / remedial tutorials / clubs) ... You can be a member of the (basketball/football team / orchestra / choir) ...

What kinds of cultural events are there in your school?

Every year we organise (various competitions / language evenings / film clubs) ... We go to (theatre performances / concerts / the opera house) ... The cultural life of our school is very rich because we regularly invite (guest lecturers / famous actors / actresses / artists) ... to (chat with them / make an interview with them in the school magazine) ...

What are the main events during the school year?

Every year we have the (annual school days / freshmen’s camp / school-leavers’ ball) ... Traditionally there are (class excursions / camps / balls / theatrical performances) ... (at the beginning of the school year / around Christmas). The (annual school days / trips / class performances) … always attract a lot of students.

Which extracurricular activities do you take part in in the afternoon?

I never miss the (choir practice / football training sessions) ... I don’t have enough time, so I’m not a member of the (handball team / choir / drama group) ... although I would like to be. I’m not good at (Maths / Physics) ..., so I have to go to (remedial tutorials / study circles) ...

What is your favourite event or activity at your school?

I couldn’t imagine our school life without (class trips / the annual school days / parties) ... I can hardly wait for the (school-leavers’ ball / Christmas party / school camp) ... My favourite event is the (fancy-dress party / end of the school year ceremony) ... because it’s (so funny / of such a high standard) ...

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4 SCHOOL

SITUATIONS

4/1 GET INFORMATION ABOUT A SCHOOL You are a student journalist and you have to write an article about an English secondary school. You are interviewing a student from Oscar Wilde Grammar School to get information. Ask him / her (played by the examiner) questions about the following topics: l l l l

school facilities subjects / foreign languages taught extracurricular activities trips.

Start by greeting the student. 4/2 CHOOSE EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES You have the opportunity to take up one extracurricular activity in the afternoon. You are discussing the three options with your best friend (played by the examiner). Decide on one of them and justify your choice.

film club

basketball

painting

Start by telling your friend that you can choose one extracurricular activity. 4/3 CHOOSE A CAMP You are planning to go to a school summer camp. The school offers three camps: a sports camp, a language camp, and an arts and crafts camp. To be able to decide on one of them, go to the school secretary (played by the examiner) and inquire about the following: l l l l

location and time activities facilities price.

Start by greeting the secretary.

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4 SCHOOL

SITUATIONS

4/4 ENQUIRE ABOUT A LANGUAGE COURSE You need to improve your English so you go to a language school. Ask the school receptionist (played by the examiner) about intermediate language courses starting in the summer and choose one of the courses. l l l l

the time and place of the lesson the number of lessons the size of the group the price.

Start by greeting the receptionist. 4/5 ANNUAL SCHOOL DAY It’s the traditional ‘School Day’ at school next month. You are a member of the student board and you are helping the leader of the student board (played by the examiner) with the organization. Decide what to include in the programme in order to attract the most students. Choose two of the following programmes: l l l l

basketball championship among the classes interview with actors of the local theatre dance show (class 10C) disco.

Start by telling the leader of the student board that you want to discuss the ‘School Day’programme.

4/6 PERSUADE YOUR FRIEND TO TRY AN ONLINE COURSE WITH YOU You have seen a website with really interesting and free online courses from top universities. You meet your best friend (played by the examiner) and try to convince him/her to take up a few together. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the courses and decide on a few to take.

Start the conversation by greeting your friend.

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4 SCHOOL

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

4/1 GET INFORMATION ABOUT A SCHOOL A – Good afternoon! I am writing a report about secondary schools and I would like some information about your school. B – What would you like to know? A – First of all, what kinds of facilities does the school have? B – Oh, there are plenty. For example, we have a library with a wide variety of books, a well-equipped gym and a sports hall. We also have a canteen quite close to the school building and a modern computer room. Several computers are installed in the IT classroom for free use and, of course, we also have special labs for certain subjects. A – What subjects are these? B – Let me see. We have a chemistry lab and a biology laboratory. We also have a special classroom for physics lessons. I think our music and art classrooms are also well-equipped. A – What about languages? B – We have three language labs with TVs, DVD players and VCRs, HI-FI systems, laptops and a whiteboard. They are decorated with maps of the UK, Germany and France, pictures and special charts to help the students learn the languages. A – Talking about languages, what languages are available at your school? B – Apart from the main languages, which are English and German, students can choose French, Italian, Spanish and Russian as a second language. A – What kind of programmes does the school offer to its students? B – There is a wide range of programmes. For example, we have the annual school days during which we have guest lecturers on different interesting topics, musical and theatrical performances, game shows, etc. We also have trips to certain foreign countries, for example, to Ireland, France, Spain, Italy, Austria, to mention just a few. A – Are these trips during the academic year or during the holidays? B – Both. During the summer holiday the school organises trips to foreign countries and summer camps as well. A – What kinds of summer camps? B – For example, language camps, sports camps, or simply camps for different subjects. A – It sounds interesting and very exciting. Have you ever participated in such a camp? B – Yes, I have. It was a language camp. It was very good. The atmosphere was very relaxed and we learned a lot. There is usually a native speaker in the language camps as well, so it is very exciting. A – It all sounds very good. B – And there are some more things. We are also in contact with various student exchange programmes and we have extra lessons where we can choose from practical subjects such as typing, cooking, gardening and we can even learn to drive. They are a lot of fun! A – Sounds interesting! B – They are indeed! And we work together with various charity organisations to help elderly, homeless and sick people and also to protect the environment. A – That’s very nice of you. Thank you very much for the information. I will send you a copy of the report. B – You’re welcome. Bye. A – Bye.

4/2 CHOOSE EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES A – Hi …! Have you seen the notice board? B – Hi …! No, I haven’t. What did you see there? A – They are starting three afternoon classes and we can sign up for one of them if we want to. B – Really? I haven’t heard about it. What sorts of classes are they? A – There is a film club, basketball training and a painting class. B – Wow! They all sound nice! A – Yes, but there’s a restriction. We can only choose one. B – That’s fine, I don’t think I would have time for more than one anyway. What do you think of them? A – The film club sounds really interesting although it doesn’t say what we would do there. It only says that our media teacher will do it. B – I like Ms Potts, she is very enthusiastic, I think she might have some great ideas. A – Yes, she may do. B – And the others? A – Well, I’m afraid basketball is not my sport. I’m too short for it. But it could be great for you. B – I don’t know. I already go to training at a youth club, I don’t think I need any more basketball training.

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

A – OK. The third one is painting. B – Will they provide the tools? A – Good question! The leaflet doesn’t say that either. B – I see. So what should we do? A – We might ask the teachers what they know about these classes. B – Right, that’s a good idea. A – Or we could go for the film club. I mean we both like the teacher, we’re both interested in the topic, so why not? B – I’d like to ask Ms Potts first so that I have an idea what we would do there. If I’m going to spend two more hours in school, I would like to spend it on some meaningful activities. A – Sure! Let’s go and ask Ms Potts. B – OK, let’s do that. 4/3 CHOOSE A CAMP A – Good morning Mr / Ms …! B – Good morning …! What can I do for you? A – I’d like to sign up for a summer camp and I wanted to ask about the possibilities. B – Sure! We have a sports camp, a language camp and an arts and crafts camp. What would you like to know? A – Where are these camps? B – The sports camp is at Lake Velence, the language camp is in Városlôd, and the arts and crafts camp is in Lovasberény. Do you know these places? A – I’ve never heard of Városlőd and Lovasberény. B – Right. Városlôd is between Veszprém and Ajka, a very nice little village in the hills, and Lovasberény isn’t far from Székesfehérvár. A – I see. And when would these camps take place? B – The sports camp is in August, the other two are in July. A – And what do you know about the programmes? What are we going to do there? B – Well, at the sports camp you can try all sorts of water and ball sports, at the language camp you have language lessons with a native speaker, and at the arts camp you can paint and sculpt. A – Right. They all sound good. Do you know anything about the accommodation? B – Of course. There are nice bungalows at Lake Velence, triple bedrooms in Városlôd, and tents in Lovasberény. That one sounds quite adventurous, doesn’t it? A – I’m not sure about that. What about the prices? B – I think they are quite reasonable. The arts camp is the cheapest, and the language camp is the most expensive. Do you know which one would you like to sign up for? A – I’m thinking about the sports camp. I like sports and it sounds really nice to me. It’s not the most expensive either. I’m not sure about the time though, we might go on holiday around that time. I think I’ll discuss it with my parents. B – Yes, please do so. A – How long do we have to decide? B – You still have a few weeks, but it also depends on the interest. A – OK. I’ll get back to you before the end of this week. Thank you for your help! B – You’re welcome. 4/4 ENQUIRE ABOUT A LANGUAGE COURSE A – Good afternoon. B – Good afternoon. How can I help? A – I would like to enquire about summer courses. B – All right. What would you like to learn? A – I would like to learn English. What courses can you offer? B – We have three courses starting in the summer. A – What level are they? B – They are all intermediate courses. A – When are they? B – Let me see. There is one in Room 16 on Tuesdays and Thursdays from 6.00-7.30 p.m., another one in Room 24 on Mondays and Wednesdays from 10.00-11.30 a.m. and the third one is in Room 19 on Saturdays from 8.00 until midday.

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

A – How many lessons do they include? B – 30, 50 and 60, respectively. A – How many students are there in one group? B – It depends. The limit is 15 students for the courses, except for the Saturday course where we work with 8 students. A – How much do these courses cost? B – The 30-lesson course costs 25,000 forints, the 50-lesson course costs 45,000 forints and the 60-lesson course is 50,000 forints. A – Well, I would like to choose a longer course to be able to learn as much as possible, but I cannot attend the Saturday course, so I think I will choose the 50-lesson course. B – All right. Please fill in the forms in the lobby and bring them to me. You will also have to take a placement test. A – Thank you. 4/5 ANNUAL SCHOOL DAY A – Hi! B – Hi! A – We need to discuss the programme for the School Day. B – All right. A – There are four events we can choose from. B – What are they? A – First of all, we could have a basketball championship among classes. B – Not a bad idea. What else? A – We could invite some actors from the local theatre to make an interview. B – What do you have in mind? A – Well, we could do it in the gym because there is a lot of space for the audience. What about setting up a stage there? B – Yes, that’s a brilliant idea. A – And the stage could be used for the dance performance of class 10C as well. B – What about the disco at the end? We have it every year. A – Yes, that’s on the list, but we can only choose two events. I think we should choose programmes which involve as many students as possible. B – Um, that’s tough. A – I know but we have to make a decision. B – What do you think? A – Well, I think the basketball championship involves a lot of students either as players or as supporters. B – What about the other one? A – The disco is a traditional programme. Students would be very disappointed if we left it out. B – You’re right. A – Ok, I’ll tell the director our decision. 4/6 PERSUADE YOUR FRIEND TO TRY AN ONLINE COURSE WITH YOU A – Hi …! B – Hi …! You look really excited. What’s up? A – It’s good that we’ve met. I wanted to tell you something. B – Go ahead! A – I was thinking about what we could do in the summer and I’ve found some online courses. B – Online courses? Where? A – Actually I’ve found a website which lists courses from top US universities such as Harvard, Stanford, Berkeley, MIT, etc. It’s called “Open Culture”. B – Wow, but are they open to everyone? A – Sure! Anyone can take them. B – And the subjects? A – There are courses in all sorts of subjects. Classical history, literature, science, engineering, economics, basically everything. You’ll see. B – And how do we apply for them? A – We don’t have to. The video and audio material is posted online, we just download and watch them. I mean some of these are on YouTube! I never would’ve thought that. B – Wow! Me neither. How about the costs? Are they expensive? A – They are all free. I was only looking for free classes. B – That’s good. I’m still not sure about them though. Why should we take any? 63

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4 SCHOOL

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

A – Well, for one, I think we might need to brush up our language knowledge. They offer all sorts of language courses. B – Really? English as well? A – Yes, English as well. We could start with that. We could check it out and see if we want to try any more courses. B – Do you think we would understand them? A – Well, we don’t have to take rocket science or brain surgery courses. There are some about films and the arts too. Those could be fun! B – OK. You’re right. We could practise some English and it would also be nice to take part in them before we actually go to university. A – Right. It’d be a great experience. B – Are we going to do them together? A – Sure! How about Saturday mornings? Shall we do them then? B – Why not? That sounds good! A – OK, then I’ll see you tomorrow at our place. We’ll try the first one. B – Fine! I’ll be there.

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4 SCHOOL

PRESENTATION

4/1 YOUR SCHOOL These pictures show different schools. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

facilities at these schools (rooms and equipment) where students can learn more your dream school your present school.

4/2 SCHOOL SUBJECTS These pictures show different school subjects. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

subjects you have at school and what they cover subjects you would like to study at school the most popular subjects in your class your favourite subject(s) and the reason(s) why you like them.

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4 SCHOOL

PRESENTATION

4/3 TYPES OF LEARNING These pictures show different types of studying. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

types of lessons and learning environments how students feel in each of these situations the advantages and disadvantages of these methods your preference and experiences.

4/4 EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES These pictures show extracurricular activities at school. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the most common extracurricular activities how students can learn from them reasons for attending such activities your experiences, preferences.

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4 SCHOOL

PRESENTATION

4/5 SCHOOL CELEBRATIONS These pictures show school celebrations and special occasions. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the events and school celebrations in your school the most popular ones and the reasons why students love them events students usually dislike and why your personal opinion and experiences.

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4 SCHOOL

SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

4/1 YOUR SCHOOL Schools can be very different around the world, or even within a country. Richer areas usually have very well-equipped schools with modern school buildings and everything that can assist learning. Poor places usually have run-down buildings, big classrooms which are usually crowded, and the equipment is either very old, or missing completely. I think students can learn most in small groups and in classrooms which are equipped with modern audio-visual equipment. They should have a welcoming atmosphere and students should feel encouraged there. I think it would be ideal if all students had the possibility to learn with the best equipment everywhere in the world. For me a dream school would have a library with audio and video resources, a canteen with plenty of healthy food, a good gym, a swimming pool, nice bright classrooms with interactive boards, wireless internet connection, netbooks for all students, and science labs. I think hands-on experience is very important in learning and we would be much more motivated if we could try things out and not only read about them. My present school is quite nice, it has pleasant classrooms with comfortable chairs and desks and some of them have whiteboards. The rooms are well-equipped, although we don’t have a lot of modern gadgets. We have a good canteen where we can buy our lunch every day, but unfortunately our gym is very old and run-down. We have a huge schoolyard with old trees and lots of bushes and it is nice to sit out in spring or summer and spend the breaks outdoors, it’s very relaxing. All in all, I think my school is very nice and I would recommend it to everyone. 4/2 SCHOOL SUBJECTS Different schools have different subjects. For example, primary schools and secondary schools have general subjects. Grammar, literature and history belong to the humanities. Students learn about past battles and rulers in history, about writers and poets in literature and about the structure and rules of their mother tongue in grammar. Science subjects are geography, biology, chemistry, physics and mathematics. We learn about the Earth, the laws of nature, elements, natural materials, plants and animals, about the human body and about numbers. Every school offers foreign language classes as well, mostly in English and German, but some offer Italian, French, Spanish and even Russian. We have lighter and easier subjects such as PE in which we do all sorts of sports, art where we usually paint, and music where we listen to music, but in some cases we learn about their history too. Vocational schools have additional subjects where students can learn a trade and they can practice them in labs and in workshops. I think it would be nice to learn more practical things in school such as how to handle money. It would be useful if we could learn about insurance policies, investment funds and bank loans. They will be important when we grow up. I would also find typing and driving useful, for example. In my class history is the most popular subject I think. We have a great teacher who not only tells us about past battles, but who encourages us to act them out too. We have a huge table with small toy soldiers and we always play around with them, acting the battles out. We use the internet as well when we research fun facts about history. We all enjoy them a lot. Apart from history I like languages very much. I’m learning English and German and I plan to take the language exams soon in both. I like them because I travel a lot with my family and I can use this knowledge abroad to communicate with local people. I also surf the net in my free time and I’m member of the Chicago Bulls online fan forum where I can chat about my favourite basketball team with people all around the world. I think it’s very important to speak foreign languages. 4/3 TYPES OF LEARNING There are different methods of teaching and learning. Learning in smaller or bigger groups usually takes place in a classroom, either in a school or in a language school. Classroom learning can give students a chance to make their learning more active because there is an opportunity to share your ideas and knowledge not only with the teacher but also with other students. Maybe that’s why it is more suitable for open-minded, outgoing students with great self-confidence. However, it isn’t the right method for shy and reserved students. They might feel more comfortable in a one-to-one tutoring situation with a private teacher. One-to-one tutoring is a great method for those students who need more attention because they have some learning problems at school or want to learn at their own pace. This type of lessons usually takes place in the home of the private teacher or at the student’s home. The student is alone so he or she cannot cheat with the homework or with the tests. He or she has to do all the tasks, answer all the questions, pay attention all the time and prepare for clases. This might put him or her under great pressure and stress, but students mostly choose this way of learning to get good results quickly. Online learning is a quite new form of learning, but it’s getting more and more widespread around the world. There are courses on the internet in practically every subject and students can start these courses whenever they want. Some of them are free, while others have a fee, and there are also courses where you can earn college credits or even degrees. I think these are very useful for those who want to spend their free time studying. Students can also access

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4 SCHOOL

SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

them with a computer from anywhere and at any time. Even if students don’t meet each other in these courses, they can chat with each other online and share their experiences and thoughts there. I think it’ll become one of the most important ways of learning in the 21st century. I think learning in small groups is the best way of learning for me because I like discussing different topics and ideas in class with other students. I like conversations and the atmosphere of classes because there is always something to laugh at. All my friends are there and we can support and encourage each other. 4/4 EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Our school offers a wide variety of extracurricular activities so it’s not easy to choose. Those students who are good at playing chess can go to the chess club. If you are fond of folk music you can go to folk dance lessons and become a member of the folk dance group which has frequent performances. The school drama group is very successful, but there are a lot of rehearsals. Many students sing in the choir or play in the school orchestra. If you want to do sports there are several sports teams. These activities are good for teaching social skills because students are among their classmates and friends. They can learn how to cooperate with others, work in and be part of a team and rely on other students. They learn certain new activities or they can improve the skills they already have. There can be several reasons for taking up extracurricular activities. The main reasons are usually that students are interested in them or they are also talented in that area. Some students attend such activities only because they are bored, but I think students spend their time on these activities in a meaningful way. Extracurricular activities are very popular with the students, especially the sports teams because they can move around after sitting in class for hours. The drama group is ideal for the students who like to be the centre of attention. Students in general are enthusiastic and take an active part in these activities. I attend study circles in English and German because I’m interested in languages. I regularly go to handball training sessions as well. I’m not interested in drama, but I would like to be a member of the choir because they travel a lot. The only problem is that I can’t sing. 4/5 SCHOOL CELEBRATIONS There are different school events and celebrations during the school year. For example, the different commemoration ceremonies on 23 October, on 15 March and some formal and informal events such as the Christmas party, the school-leavers’ ball, the comic parade and the graduation ceremony. In some cases students can learn by attending them because the past events they commemorate are part of our country’s history. At other events students can be together and have a lot of fun. These events create a sense of community and show that the students belong somewhere. The most popular event in our school is the comic parade which is in early May and it is followed by the graduation ceremony. Students in their final year have the serenade the day before this parade, so they are very tired but have a lot of fun. They usually put on some crazy clothes or costumes and play tricks on people in the streets. Then they come to the school and do the same with the students. Sometimes they even have performances. On the following day there is the graduation ceremony where they wear formal clothes. They say goodbye to the school building, the students and their teachers. Students from other classes recite poems and there are some speeches and songs as well. The school grounds are usually full of people because all the relatives come to see this event. It is always very touching. Although commemoration events are important to teach students to be respectful of tradition, they are not among the favourite events. In our school we usually have a stage performance by some of the classes. They usually recite poems and act out some of the events that happened on that day in history. They also sing songs and perform folk dances. Other events such as the opening and end of the school year ceremonies are not very popular among students either, for various reasons. They don’t like to stand in the heat, they find the headmaster’s speech boring and they consider the whole ceremony pointless. They also have to wear formal clothes and the majority of students hate them. I like these ceremonies and events a lot. I usually take part in the performances because I am member of the school choir. It is always great to organise these events and be part of them to make others happy and aware of our history.

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4 SCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS nursery school bölcsôde kindergarten óvoda primary school általános iskola secondary school középiskola secondary grammar school gimnázium secondary technical school szakközépiskola vocational school szakmunkásképzô evening school esti iskola bilingual school kéttannyelvû iskola private school magániskola church school egyházi iskola college fôiskola university egyetem SCHOOL BUILDING AND OBJECTS fôbejárat main entrance corridor folyosó classroom osztályterem IT centre számítógépterem library könyvtár main hall díszterem gym tornaterem changing room öltözô biology / chemistry / biológia- / kémia- / physics storeroom fizikaszertár the principal’s office igazgatói iroda staff room tanári szoba canteen menza buffet büfé lavatory mosdó schoolyard iskolaudvar sports grounds sportpályák school facilities iskolai felszerelés, berendezések, eszközök well- / badly-equipped jól / rosszul felszerelt desk iskolapad blackboard tábla chalk kréta sponge szivacs whiteboard interaktív tábla portable TV set hordozható TV készülék projector kivetítô headset fejhallgató copy machine fénymásoló class register napló report book ellenôrzô coursebook tankönyv workbook munkafüzet notebook / exercise book füzet pencil case tolltartó felt-tip pen filctoll highlighter szövegkiemelô eraser radír file dosszié pocket calculator zsebszámológép school bag / backpack iskolatáska / hátizsák PE gear tornafelszerelés

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WORD LIST STAFF AND STUDENTS staff headmaster / -mistress deputy head class teacher supply teacher a fair / strict teacher an unfair / lenient teacher librarian technician school secretary caretaker school board freshman school-leaver classmate top of the class the teacher's pet well-behaved hardworking talented ambitious dutiful praise sy encourage sy pick on sy

tanári kar igazgató / -nô igazgatóhelyettes osztályfônök helyettesítô tanár igazságos / szigorú tanár igazságtalan / részrehajló tanár könyvtáros technikus iskolatitkár gondnok iskolaszék gólya érettségizô osztálytárs osztályelsô a tanár kedvence jó magaviseletû szorgalmas tehetséges céltudatos kötelességtudó dicsér vkit biztat, buzdít vkit pikkel vkire

PROBLEMS AT SCHOOL school rules respect the rules break the rules be late for school play truant skip lessons / miss classes bring an excuse note misbehave impolite provocative cheeky talk back cheat in a test cheat sheet prompt drop out

házirend betartja a szabályokat megszegi a szabályokat elkésik iskolát kerül lóg az órákról igazolást hoz rosszul viselkedik udvariatlan provokatív szemtelen visszabeszél puskázik puska súg kibukik az iskolából

SUBJECTS timetable a double period of … break lunchbreak term a class specialising in … general subjects literature grammar history foreign languages maths

órarend dupla … óra órák közti szünet ebédszünet félév … tagozatos osztály általános tantárgyak irodalom nyelvtan történelem idegen nyelvek matek

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4 SCHOOL geography biology chemistry physics information technology (IT) arts and crafts music and singing drama P.E. (physical education) vocational subjects economy typing engineering mechanics carpentry cooking gardening sewing bakery hairdressing beauty therapy extracurricular / after school activities study circle theatre group school choir go to choir practice school band folk dance group handicrafts club take up a sport volleyball training chess club LEARNING / STUDYING attend / go to school be in class / form twelve be good / bad at sg ask a question answer the teacher's questions put one’s hand up concentrate pay attention to read through sg memorise sg learn sg by heart get the gist of sg do project work do some research make a presentation draw a chart analyse sg do homework copy sy's homework revise prepare for a test

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WORD LIST földrajz biológia kémia fizika informatika mûvészeti oktatás ének-zene drámafoglalkozás testnevelés szakmai tárgyak közgazdaságtan gépírás tervezés autószerelés ácsmesterség szakácsmesterség kertészet szabás-varrás pékmesterség fodrászmesterség kozmetikusmesterség tanórán kívüli foglalkozások szakkör színjátszó kör iskolai kórus énekkarra jár iskolai zenekar néptánc csoport kézmûves klub elkezd egy sportot röplabda edzés sakk klub iskolába jár tizenkettedikbe jár jó / rossz vmiben kérdez válaszol a tanár kérdéseire jelentkezik koncentrál odafigyel átolvas vmit memorizál vmit kívülrôl megtanul megérti vmi lényegét projekt munkát végez kutatómunkát végez elôadást tart táblázatot készít elemez vmit megcsinálja a házi feladatot lemásolja vki házi feladatát átismétel felkészül a dolgozatra

take remedial classes take a test make a mistake get grades get top grades in sg get an end-of-term report take part / participate in a competition first / second / final round win the first prize come second

korrepetálásra jár tesztet / dolgozatot ír hibázik osztályzatot kap kitûnô jegyeket kap vmibôl bizonyítványt kap részt vesz egy versenyen elsô / második / döntô forduló elnyeri az elsô díjat második helyezést ér el

ICT IN EDUCATION ICT

IKT (infokommunikációs technológia) online learning /e-learning online tanulás web-based learning webes tanulás distance learning távoktatás have / lack internet access van / nincs internet hozzáférése wireless network vezeték nélküli hálózat log in bejelentkezik enter the password megadja a jelszót press a button lenyom egy billentyût click on an icon / a link egy ikonra / linkre kattint connect to the internet kapcsolódik az internethez böngészôt használ use a search engine surf / browse the net szörföl / keresgél a neten use online resourses online forrásokat használ research materials on the anyagot keres a weben web for a school paper egy dolgozathoz upload / download feltölt / letölt enrol in an online course beiratkozik egy online tanfolyamra join a web / discussion csatlakozik egy web forum fórumhoz / vitafórumhoz enter a chatroom belép egy csetszobába weboldalt készít build a website word processor szövegszerkesztô type gépel edit szerkeszt undo visszavon delete töröl copy másol paste beilleszt cut kivág save ment cursor kurzor print (out) (ki)nyomtat database adatbázis store data adatokat tárol

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4 SCHOOL EXAMS swot for an exam take an exam oral exam written exam practical exam take the school-leaving exam at intermediate level at advanced level take an entrance exam be admitted to be refused pass an exam fail an exam resit an exam graduate from SCHOOL LIFE freshman camp freshman ball freshman initiation opening ceremony breaking up ceremony School Days an open doors day school-leavers’ ball / prom (ribbon) pinning ceremony get pinned serenade the teachers school leaving ceremony say farewell / goodbye to walk through the building sing traditional school-leaving songs organise a funny parade go on a class outing parent-teacher meeting PTA

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WORD LIST

magol egy vizsgára vizsgázik szóbeli vizsga írásbeli vizsga gyakorlati vizsga érettségi vizsgát tesz középszinten emelt szinten felvételi vizsgát tesz felvételt nyer vhová elutasítják a felvételét átmegy a vizsgán megbukik pótvizsgát tesz befejezi az iskolát gólyatábor gólyabál gólyaavatás évnyitó ünnepély évzáró ünnepély iskolanapok nyílt nap szalagavató bál szalagavatás feltûzik vkire a szalagot szerenádot ad a tanároknak ballagás elbúcsúzik bejárja az épületet hagyományos ballagási dalokat énekel bolondballagást tart osztálykirándulásra megy szülôi értekezlet szülôi munkaközösség

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK

CONVERSATION

5/1 WHAT IS IT LIKE TO WORK IN THE SUMMER OR TO HAVE A PART-TIME JOB? Why do students have part-time jobs?

Some of the reasons for having a part-time job are (lack of money / boredom) … There are a lot of people who take up a job because they want to (buy a cell phone / travel abroad / fulfil their dreams) … If you get a job, you can (gain experience / make new friends / save money) …

What are the advantages / disadvantages of working in the summer?

It is not easy to (get up early in the summer holidays / work after/before school / take so much responsibility) …, but (it gives you more self-confidence / you spend your time in a meaningful way / you can support your family) … It’s true that (the salaries are not so high / the working conditions are sometimes bad) …, but (it is better than nothing / you don’t have any other choice) … I can’t say that I am happy when my friends go to (the beach / the cinema) … and I have to (work / save money) … but it is worth it.

What are the most typical summer or part-time jobs for students?

Student job centres usually offer jobs such as (handing out leaflets / working in a fast food restaurant / monitoring traffic flow / photocopying) … A lot of students enjoy working as a (babysitter / shop assistant / gardener) … Being a (babysitter / gardener) … is not an ideal job for students because it is too (demanding / dangerous) …

5/2 HAVE YOU EVER HAD A SUMMER JOB? WHAT WAS IT LIKE? What have your work experiences been like so far?

Last summer I worked as a/an (office assistant / leaflet distributor / shelf stacker) … It’s the first time I’ve saved some money by (delivering papers / working in a restaurant / selling hot-dogs on the beach) … My colleagues/boss were / was always/sometimes (moody / bossy / arrogant) … I’ve never had a summer job, but my friends always say good things about working. It’s sometimes (tiring / exhausting / frustrating / boring) …, but I think everybody should try it.

What sort of skills and competencies are usually needed for the job?

They usually expect that we can use (various machines / the printer / the fax machine / the computer / the telephone)…, and that we can (archive files / sort the post / organise documents)… Other things such as (arriving in time / participating in meetings / preparing reports / keeping to safety rules / following company guidelines)... are also important and expected. In most places students are required to (solve problems / communicate effectively / use the given technology / take responsibility for their work / plan ahead / organise their own time)… which will all be needed in the future as well. I think it’s important to (have a realistic level of optimism / be energetic and willing to do what they ask / be able to work independently / have motivation / work proactively / be able to make decisions / have the ability to prioritize / be willing to learn and improve / be able to adjust to change / get along with others)…so that we can be effective and also have a good relationship with our colleagues.

What were your tasks? What did you do?

At the beginning I just (served coffee / photocopied documents / organised folders / watered the plants)…, but after a few weeks they let me (work on their computer system / enter data / work on the machines)… Actually it was quite boring (packing boxes / copying numbers in an Excel sheet / cleaning tools)… for weeks, but I only did it for the pocket money anyway. I think I was lucky to have worked in (an office / a factory / a fast food restaurant / the family business)… because I could (try a lot of things / help a lot of people / learn a lot of new skills)…

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK What was your work routine like?

CONVERSATION

I usually arrived at (6 in the morning / 8 a.m. / 2 in the afternoon)… started with (a coffee / switching on my computer / changing into my uniform / breakfast)… then later I (had a chat with the others / met with my supervisor to discuss the daily tasks / performed my tasks / had my lunch break with the others)… before I went home, but I never (joined the others in the gossiping / spent too much time in the buffet)…

5/3 WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO STUDY AFTER GRADUATING FROM SECONDARY SCHOOL? Where would you like to study and why?

I haven’t decided yet whether I would like to be a (doctor / lawyer / teacher) … or a/an (artist / engineer / scientist) … I am interested in (medicine / economics / law) … and in (the arts / history / mathematics / physics) ... equally, so I’m not sure about it yet. I have always wanted to (be a programmer / be a police officer / be a businessman/woman / study law / study economics / study programming) … There are several reasons why I want to become a/an (solicitor / accountant / fireman): because it needs (intelligence / a variety of skills / patience / reliability) … I think there is a great demand for (doctors / lawyers / economists / nurses / factory workers) ... on the labour market, so I won’t have to worry about finding a job. My father/mother is also a/an (accountant / fireman / teacher) …

What do you think your daily routine will be like?

I will probably have (seminars / lectures) … during the day. I guess I won’t have to (learn on a daily basis / do homework every day) …, but I will have to (study a lot more) … in the exam period. I will also learn how to (organise my life / manage my money) …

Where would you like to live when you’re at university?

I have a couple of possibilities to choose from, for example, (living in the student’s hostel / sharing a flat with friends / renting a room somewhere) … I’m thinking of applying for a hostel room so that I spend less on accommodation and have more for (food / my hobbies / other necessities / having fun) … I guess my only choice is to look for a flat to rent and maybe share it with some other students. I will probably (stay at home / live with my parents / move to my uncle’s) … and commute.

What would you like to do afterwards?

I can’t wait to start work as a/an (businessman/woman / police officer / doctor) …, because that’s what I’ve always (wanted / dreamt of / studied for) … Hopefully, I’ll find a job immediately after (university / college) … at a/an (great company / school / hospital / doctor’s surgery / lawyer’s office) ... If I apply for a student’s loan, I will have to pay it back.

5/4 CAN YOU IMAGINE WORKING SOMEWHERE AFTER SECONDARY SCHOOL? Where would you like to work after graduation?

If I don’t get a place at university, I would like to (go abroad / work somewhere / try again next year) ... I would like to work ( for a big international company / for a small enterprise / in a school / in a hospital / in a shop) … as a (secretary / nurse / shop assistant) … Being a/an (accountant / tax specialist / conductor) … is not the (most popular / best) … job, but I would like to try it. I haven’t decided yet what I would like to do, I may apply for a/an (university scholarship / job abroad / apprentice job in a lawyer’s office) … As I speak (English / German / French / Italian / Spanish) … I think I can / could (work for a multinational company / be a tourist guide / live and work abroad) … I have attended (bookkeeping / interior design / computer / language) … courses, which may help in (finding a good/better job / making my dream come true) …

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK

CONVERSATION

My (intermediate / advanced) ... (language / accounting / catering / manager’s assistant) … certificate qualifies me to work as a/an (accountant / hostess / office assistant) … I learned (accounting / bricklaying / truck driving / gardening) … so I can work as a/an (accountant / bricklayer / truck driver / gardener) … What will help / hinder you when you are looking for a job?

I am generally a (kind / friendly / hard-working) … person, which is useful if you work with (old people / children / customers) … Unfortunately, I do not have a (language / first aid / computer / ECDL) … certificate / do not speak (English / German / French / Spanish / Italian) …, but I think (I could learn a language / my other qualifications could compensate for it / I won’t need it) … I like learning new things so I think I’ll learn (a foreign language / how to become a beautician / how to manage an enterprise) …

Even if you start working now, would you like to study in the future?

Of course, I would like to learn (languages / to drive) … in the future. If I have the opportunity, I would like to take a (computer / massage / feng shui) … course. I think I am good at (languages / leadership / computers) … so I would like to improve my (language / speaking / communication / leadership / computer) … skills.

What is important at a job interview?

Before the interview it is important to (write a CV / gather your thoughts / get references / get information about the company) … To make a good impression you should (arrive on/in time / put on nice clothes / look smart) … I think it’s best if you talk about your (qualifications / skills / experiences) …

5/5 WHAT IS A NORMAL WORKING DAY LIKE FOR YOUR PARENTS? When / How do they go to My parents get up (at 6 / very early) ... / go to work by bus / by car / by train / work? When do they get home? by tram / by metro or on foot) ... It takes about (fifteen) ... minutes for them to get to work. My father usually drives (me / my sister / my mother) ... to (school / work / kindergarten) ... They never get home before (6) ... o’clock. What do they do during the day? They start work at (8) ... o’clock. First of all, they usually (open the post / check their emails / go through the daily programme / drink a cup of coffee / put on their work clothes) ... Then they (go to another department / call customers / talk to the boss / drive to another office) ... They go (to the work’s canteen / to the cafeteria / out to a café/restaurant) ... for lunch. What does their work involve?

Most of the time they are (in the office / on the road / in front of a computer / at the conveyor belt) ... They have to deal with (customers / sick people / broken machines) ... They (are usually on the phone / write emails / stand behind a counter/conveyor belt) ...

What are their colleagues like?

My mother says she has (very nice / kind / backstabbing / gossipy) ... colleagues at the workplace. They get on well with each other, but sometimes they have (arguments / problems / rows) ... Some of them can cause quite a lot of tension when they (gossip about colleagues / hang around doing nothing / don’t work properly) ...

What are the working facilities like?

I went to my father’s/mother’s workplace once, and it was (very pleasant / quite disappointing) ... The working conditions would be better if they had (more comfortable chairs / stricter rules / brighter offices) ... In the (office / factory / shop) … they have (lots of machines / a canteen / a buffet / medical services) ... 75

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK

SITUATIONS

5/1 CHOOSE A FAMILY TO BABYSIT FOR You have decided to babysit to earn some extra money. You are at the job centre talking to the assistant (played by the examiner). You can choose from the following three families. Enquire about them using the following ideas and choose one family. l l l l

number of children age of children tasks pay.

The Jackson family

The Sharp family

The Tilton family

Start by greeting the assistant. 5/2 ENQUIRE ABOUT SUMMER JOBS You would like to work in the summer to earn some money. Ask the job centre assistant (played by the examiner) about the details of the following job opportunities and decide on one of the jobs: l l l l

characteristic features of the jobs working hours working environment pay.

Fast food restaurant

Photocopying

Factory work

Start by greeting the job centre assistant.

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SITUATIONS

5/3 GO TO A JOB INTERVIEW You have seen the following job advertisement in the newspaper. An American summer camp is looking for camp counsellors. Now you are at the job interview and you are talking to the Human Resources Manager (played by the examiner). l Introduce yourself l discuss why you would be the ideal candidate for the job l ask about the working hours, tasks, necessary skills, qualifications, and pay.

* Southwoods is a children’s camp in California. Southwoods is seeking ENTHUSIASTIC, ENERGETIC, AND FUN-LOVING individuals. *US spelling Start by greeting the Human Resources manager. 5/4 DISCUSS YOUR FUTURE WITH YOUR MOTHER / FATHER You are discussing your future with your mother / father (played by the examiner). You have the following options to choose from:

go to university start working

go to university and get a part-time job

go abroad

Decide on one of them and justify your choice. Start by telling your mother / father that you would like to discuss your future with her / him.

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

5/1 CHOOSE A FAMILY TO BABYSIT FOR A – Good morning. I would like to work as a babysitter. Could you help me find a nice family? B – Good morning. Of course. There are three families at the moment which need a babysitter. A – How many children are there in each? B – The Jackson family has five children, the Sharp family has three and the Tiltons have only one child. A – How old are the children? B – All the children are under the age of ten. The oldest child in the first family is eight years old, and there’s a six-year-old, a five-year-old, a four-year-old and the youngest is only two years old. A – What about the second family? B – As I told you before there are three children, they are four, three and two years old. And the child in the third family is two years old. A – What do I have to do? B – You will have to babysit, of course. That’s all you have to do in the first family, but in the second one, apart from this you’ll also have to do some cooking and help the six-year-old with the homework. The third needs somebody who can tidy and cook for them, too. A – There’s quite a lot to do in the second two families, and unfortunately I can’t cook. What about the pay? B – The first family would pay 2,000 forints per hour, the second pays more, although there is more to do, they would give you 2,500 forints per hour, and the third family pays 1,500 forints per hour. A – As I can’t cook, I will choose the first family with five children. It will be hard work to deal with five children at the same time, but I would like to go on holiday with my friends this summer, so I really need the money. Thank you for your help. B – You’re welcome. Could you fill in these forms, please, and return them to me at the end of the week? Thanks. Good luck with the job! Goodbye. A – Thank you. Goodbye. 5/2 ENQUIRE ABOUT SUMMER JOBS A – Good afternoon. B – Good afternoon. A – I would like to have a summer job. Can you help me? B – Sure. Here are the possibilities we can offer. A – Right. What do the jobs involve? B – Well, the first is in a fast food restaurant. You would have to serve food, which means you would have to work at the counter, and also in the kitchen. A – What are the working hours? B – 6 hours a day. A – It doesn’t sound too great. What is the working environment like? B – You would have nice colleagues. Probably all of them are quite young like you. A – That could be a compensation for standing for hours. What is the pay? B – They pay 500 forints for an hour. That means 3,000 forints for a day. A – What else is there? B – The other one is photocopying in an office for an international company. You would also have to do some filing. But it would be 8 hours a day! A – It sounds a lot better. And what about the salary? B – You would get 4,400 forints for a day. A – What’s the last one? B – It’s factory work. Packing things into boxes. It’s physical work and it’s monotonous as well. But you would get 3,600 forints for 6 hours of work. A – I like the sound of that. It pays more then the photocopying, and the hours are shorter too. B – OK, if you’re choosing that one, please fill in the forms. A – Thank you. 5/3 GO TO A JOB INTERVIEW A – Good afternoon! I’m … . I’m here for the position of the summer camp counsellor. B – Good afternoon! I’m … . I’m the Human Resources Manager. Please take a seat. A – Thank you. B – So, where did you hear about this position? A – I saw the advertisement in the local newspaper. B – I see. And what do you do now? A – I attend secondary school. I’m in my final year. I’m doing my final exams in May and June. B – OK. So you’re going to be free for the whole summer. 78

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

A – Exactly. That’s why I thought it would be ideal to spend my summer in a meaningful way. B – Very nice. What do you think makes you the right candidate for the job? A – First of all, I like children. I’ve always wanted to be a teacher, and I’ve also applied to a Teacher Training College. I’m energetic, I can run around all day long. I love having fun and making people laugh. I’m also very interested in different cultures, languages and travelling. As a child I used to go to camps each summer and I loved them. B – Great. I see you are very motivated and enthusiastic about the job. How about your English knowledge? A good command of English is very important, of course. A – I speak English at intermediate level and I think I have good communication skills. B – What do you consider your three best and worst personal features? A – Well, as for the good ones, I think I’m hard-working, optimistic and extroverted, as for the bad ones, I’m a perfectionist, I’m sometimes a bit forgetful and I think I spend too much time on the phone with my friends. B – I see. Do you have any questions? A – Yes. Where would I have to go? Where’s this camp? B – It’s in the United States. We give you all the necessary documents so that you can work there. Anything else? A – What are the working hours in the camp and what exactly do I have to do? B – From 8 a.m. to 4. p. m. After that you can leave the camp and go out. Unfortunately, the weekends are not free. You’re expected to help and support children, organise small trips and programmes for them. A – Could you tell me what qualifications and skills are needed for the job? B – Only the ones we’ve already discussed. You have to have good communication skills and empathy to be able to understand children’s feelings and problems. Otherwise you don’t need any other qualifications or certificates. A – Right. What pay may I expect if I get the job? B – 220 dollars per week. A – Thank you very much for the information. B – You’re welcome. Thank you for your time. We’ll inform you of the result in the next few days. A – Thank you. Bye. B – Bye. 5/4 DISCUSS YOUR FUTURE WITH YOUR MOTHER / FATHER A – …! Do you have a minute for me? B – Of course, dear! What is it? A – We’re discussing career options at school. I just wanted to check with you what you think about it. B – OK. Let’s sit down and talk about it. What do you have in mind? A – I’d like to apply for university, but I’m not sure we can afford it. B – What would you like to study? Are there any state funded places at the universities? Or are we going to have to pay a tuition fee? A – I’m not sure. We’re currently checking the options at school and we don’t know how many places the state will support next year. B – That’s true. A – So I don’t know what to do. B – Look, my dear. First of all, I think you should just decide what you’re interested in. If we have to pay, we’ll see how we can manage it. A – I can look for a part-time job, or apply for a student loan. B – You see? I think we have lots of possibilities. A – Or I can skip a year and work somewhere. I could even go abroad. I’d earn some money and then I could finance my studies. B – Dear, I don’t think you’ll need to skip a year. Even if you decide to do that later, you can apply to a university now, and skip when you are already accepted. But I don’t think it’ll be necessary. By the way, aren’t you a bit young for working abroad? Wouldn’t you be homesick there? And could you just leave your friends here? A – I don’t know. Are you sure we can afford it? B – Yes, I am. I think we’ll manage. Just make up your mind about what you want to learn and make sure you get good results in the school leaving exam. We’ll sort out the rest then. A – OK, then I’ll check out the universities and their majors. I’ll let you know which ones are the best. B – Right. And don’t worry about the rest just now. You know I want the best for you! A – Sure, … . Thanks! B – You’re welcome!

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK

PRESENTATION

5/1 SUMMER JOBS These pictures show young people working. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

opportunities for young people to work in the summer their tasks at different workplaces the good and bad points of working in the summer summer jobs you have had / would like to have.

5/2 JOBS AND PROFESSIONS These pictures show two jobs. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

skills and qualifications needed to do these jobs the working conditions and lifestyle they involve popular and less fashionable jobs nowadays the job you would like to do in the future.

5/3 CAREER OPTIONS These pictures show different future plans for young people finishing their secondary school studies. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

career options after graduating from secondary school advantages and disadvantages of each of these options your personal plans career moves necessary to pursue these plans.

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK

SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

5/1 SUMMER JOBS Working in the summer is quite common for students in Hungary. They can work in a lot of different places, for example, they can work in an office, in a fast food restaurant, in a factory, etc. They often hand out leaflets, monitor traffic flow or help in the family business. The tasks at these workplaces are different, but they usually do not require special qualifications. In a fast food restaurant, for example, you have to serve the customers, make the food or stand at the cash desk. You have to be as quick as possible and you need to concentrate. Students who work in an office usually do the filing, write letters, copy documents and help people wherever they can. Working in the summer after a long and difficult school year can be very demanding. You cannot go on holiday, you have to get up early every day and you cannot spend your time with your friends on the beach. But it is worth it if you consider that you are earning your own money and you’re gaining practical experience of work, which may be useful in the future. Once I worked as a shop assistant, and I am very proud of myself. I learned quite a lot and got to know some very kind people. My boss and my colleagues helped me a lot and supported me. It was a positive experience and I would recommend getting a summer job to everybody. 5/2 JOBS AND PROFESSIONS These pictures show completely different jobs. Waiters don’t need such high qualifications as managers do. Managers, in general, have to study business and managament, and they must have some economics and finance qualifications. They also need to be capable leaders and be good at calculations and business strategies. I think they also need to be reliable, and they need to be able to foresee trends and be proactive about them. Even though they do not need to complete so many courses, waiters also need to learn their trades well. They need to learn the basics of their professions such as how to memorise all sorts of orders, what certain meals contain, how to be polite and how to balance lots of plates on their arms. This profession also involves physical work or standing and walking around which can be very exhausting, while managers mostly sit at a desk all day which is not really considered healthy either. I think both of them have to work long hours and do some overtime occasionally, and their lives are probably quite stressed as there is lot of pressure on them. I think nowadays there are a lot of popular jobs. For example, being a manager, a lawyer, an economist, a psychologist, a computer programmer or an engineer is very trendy. These jobs are well-paid and prestigious and involve a lot of power and leadership. On the other hand, a miner, a nurse, a truck driver, a shepherd, a factory worker or other blue collar workers earn less money. These jobs are physically more demanding and maybe boring so they are less popular. I know that these days being a policeman is not as popular as being a manager. They don’t earn very much, and they live a very stressful life, but my father is also a policeman so I would like to be one, too. I would like to be a detective later on because I have always been interested in investigating things. 5/3 CAREER OPTIONS When people come of age and leave secondary school, they have lots of opportunities. They can go to university or college or just enrol on post-secondary courses to study further or to learn a trade. They can also go abroad and see the world, learn languages and gain experience there. Some of them will look for a job and, after many applications and job interviews, will start working somewhere, while a few may settle and have a family. These career options depend largely on the intellectual ability, the opportunities and the background of the people and all of them have advantages and disadvantages. If someone goes abroad, they will learn the language of the country but they will rarely be able to perform tasks requiring high qualifications. They will mostly serve in restaurants, or work in the kitchen, in hotels, or in other low-paid jobs. People who go to universities or colleges will spend four more years studying instead of gaining experience. Those who settle and have families will not have any work experience either if they want to apply for a job later. I actually plan to go to university. I think higher education is very important and having a university degree will help me get better jobs, be promoted sooner and earn a relatively good salary. I also think that I need to use those four or five years at university the best I can so that I’ll be an attractive candidate once I apply for jobs. I’m planning to check out scholarship opportunities so that I can spend at least one or two semesters abroad. I’m also planning to do some kind of apprenticeship so that I won’t be a complete beginner when I finish my studies, and I won’t only have theoretical but practical knowledge and skills as well.

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK SUMMER & PART-TIME JOBS full- / part-time job teljes / részmunkaidős állás casual work alkalmi munka (student) job centre (diák)munka közvetítő get a work permit munkavállalási engedélyt szerez look for a summer job nyári munkát keres take / do a summer job nyári munkát vállal / végez earn extra money plusz pénzt keres save money for sg pénzt félretesz vmire spend the summer in a hasznosan tölti a nyarat meaningful way gain some experience tapasztalatot szerez make contacts kapcsolatokat épít learn discipline fegyelmet tanul learn new skills új készségekre tesz szert benefit from sg hasznát látja vminek work in an office / irodában dolgozik / be an office assistant irodai asszisztens work as a receptionist / recepciósként / hostess hostessként dolgozik work as an apprentice gyakornokként dolgozik work in a fastfood gyorsétteremben dolgozik restaurant stand at the counter a pultnál áll stock shelves árufeltöltőként dolgozik work at a conveyor belt (futó)szalag mellett dolgozik hand out leaflets szórólapozik deliver leaflets szórólapot terjeszt do a paper round újságot házhoz visz monitor traffic flow forgalmat számlál work in the family segít a családi business vállalkozásban JOB INTERVIEW job seeker job applicant apply for a job candidate fill in an application form hand in a CV Curriculum Vitae write a cover letter get references go to a job interview arrive in time look smart make a good impression be suitable for meet the requirements talk about one’s qualifications / job experience / skills personal qualities have good qualifications speak languages

álláskereső állásra jelentkező megpályáz egy állást jelölt kitölti a jelentkezési lapot beadja az önéletrajzát CV (szakmai önéletrajz) motivációs levelet ír ajánlásokat szerez állásinterjúra megy időben érkezik elegáns jó benyomást kelt alkalmas vmire megfelel a követelményeknek végzettségéről / munkatapasztalatairól / készségeiről beszél személyes tulajdonságok megfelelő végzettsége van nyelveket beszél

WORD LIST have a driving licence have butterflies in one’s stomach HIGHER EDUCATION pass the school-leaving exam discuss career options with parents talk to a careers adviser make a career decision apply for / go to / attend university / college state-funded training fee-paying training graduate from get a degree in sg University of Economics University of Technology University of Medicine Faculty of Law Faculty of Arts Faculty of Sciences University of Agriculture Academy of Fine Arts Academy of Film and Theatrical Arts Academy of Music College of Trade and Catering College of Foreign Trade College of Finance and Accounting Teacher Training College lecture / seminar exam period freshman / sophomore / senior Bachelor of Arts (BA) / Bachelor of Sciences (BSc) Master of Arts (MA) / Master of Sciences (MSc) accommodation student hostel share one’s room with sy

jogosítvánnyal rendelkezik ideges / izgul

leteszi az érettségit megbeszéli a pályaválasztási lehetőségeket a szülőkkel pályaválasztási tanácsadóhoz fordul pályát választ egyetemre / főiskolára jelentkezik / jár államilag finanszírozott képzés költségtérítéses képzés végez vhol diplomát szerez vmiből Közgazdaságtudományi Egyetem Műszaki Egyetem Orvostudományi Egyetem Jogtudományi Kar Bölcsészettudományi Kar Természettudományi Kar Agrártudományi Egyetem Képzőművészeti Egyetem Színház és Filmművészeti Egyetem Zeneművészeti Akadémia Kereskedelmi és Vendéglátóipari Főiskola Külkereskedelmi Főiskola Pénzügyi és Számviteli Főiskola Tanárképző Főiskola előadás / szeminárium (gyakorlati foglalkozás) vizsgaidőszak elsőéves (gólya) / másodéves / végzős főiskolai végzettségű egyetemi végzettségű

szállás kollégium megosztja a szobáját vkivel learn on a daily basis napi rendszerességgel tanul make ends meet megél ösztöndíjat kap get a scholarship apply for a student loan diákhitelért folyamodik pay the student loan back visszafizeti a diákhitelt labour market munkaerőpiac great demand for sg nagy kereslet vmire

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK JOBS profession employer employee white / blue collar job hard physical work mental / intellectual work administrative work (un)skilled worker be a freelancer be self-employed work for a (multinational) company businessman / -woman economist engineer lawyer computer programmer architect dentist nurse accountant politician priest social worker journalist TV presenter actor / actress sportsman / -woman coach / trainer policeman / -woman soldier fireman salesman / -woman bus / lorry driver shopkeeper cook waiter / waitress bricklayer carpenter plumber electrician WORKING AT A JOB find / get a job sign the work contract start work commute an 8 to 5 job work fixed hours / flexitime work shifts work the day / night shift work overtime work indoors / outdoors dress code

hivatás, szakma munkaadó munkavállaló, alkalmazott szellemi / fizikai munka kemény fizikai munka szellemi munka adminisztratív munka szakképzett / szakképzetlen munkás szabadúszó egyéni vállalkozó (multinacionális) cégnél dolgozik üzletember / üzletasszony közgazdász mérnök ügyvéd programozó építész fogorvos ápolónő könyvelő politikus pap szociális munkás újságíró tévébemondó színész / színésznő sportoló edző rendőr katona tűzoltó ügynök (kereskedelmi) busz- / teherautósofőr boltos szakács pincér / pincérnő kőműves asztalos vízvezetékszerelő villanyszerelő munkát talál / szerez aláírja a munkaszerződést dolgozni kezd ingázik reggel 8-tól este 5-ig tartó munka fix / rugalmas munkaidőben dolgozik több műszakban dolgozik nappali / éjszakai műszakban dolgozik túlórázik zárt térben / szabadban dolgozik öltözködési szabályok

WORD LIST wear a uniform have a high position good salary / wage be well / badly-paid get a pay rise get a bonus get promoted be on sick leave be on maternity leave take a day off company car / cell phone pleasant atmosphere / working conditions workmate / teammate job satisfaction be bored by one’s work esteem / prestige rewarding challenging motivating tiring exhausting demanding secure monotonous dull retire lose one’s job get sacked / fired hand in one’s notice be unemployed be on the dole job vacancies

egyenruhát visel magas beosztásban van jó fizetés / bér jól / rosszul fizetett fizetésemelést kap jutalmat kap előléptetik táppénzen van GYES-en van kivesz egy szabadnapot céges autó / mobiltelefon kellemes légkör / munkakörülmények munkatárs / csapattárs munkával való elégedettség unja a munkáját megbecsülés / presztízs eredményes kihívást jelentő motiváló fárasztó kimerítő megerőltető biztonságos egyhangú unalmas nyugdíjba megy elveszíti a munkáját elbocsátják beadja a felmondását munkanélküli munkanélküli segélyen él üres állások

WORKPLACE COMPETENCIES work independently önállóan dolgozik be capable of teamwork képes a csapatmunkára organise one’s time beosztja az idejét prioritize fontossági sorrendet állít fel make a decision döntést hoz solve problems problémákat old meg communicate effectively hatékonyan kommunikál take responsibility for felelősséget vállal vmiért use technology használja a technológiai eszközöket follow guidelines követi az utasításokat be able to adapt van alkalmazkodó készsége keep to rules tartja magát a szabályokhoz keep deadlines betartja a határidőket self-development önképzés self-promotion önreklám capacity kapacitás motivation motiváció optimism optimizmus opinion vélemény feedback visszacsatolás time management hatékony időbeosztás flexibility rugalmasság

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6 LIFESTYLE

CONVERSATION

6/1 WHAT DOES YOUR NORMAL DAY LOOK LIKE? Describe a typical weekday of yours.

I normally get up at (6 / 7) ... o’clock, then I (have a shower / have breakfast / get dressed / brush my teeth) … I usually leave home at (7 / 7.30) …, then I go to school (by bus / by train / by car / by bike / on foot) ... Then I have (lunch / dinner) ... at about (2 p.m. / 7 p.m.) … (at the school canteen / at home) ... with my (friends / family / classmates) … and in the afternoon I (do my homework / study / meet my friends / work in a fast food restaurant / have private lessons / have training sessions) ... In the evening I usually (watch TV / study / read a book / listen to music) ... then I (take a bath / wash my hair / dry my hair / drink a cup of milk) ... and I go to bed at (9 / half past ten) ... I have to organise my day so that everything fits in. I spend (6 / 7) … hours a day (at school / sleeping / learning and studying / commuting) … I don’t even know how I find time for things like (the hairdresser’s / the gym / playing with my little brother / having fun with my friends) …

What do you do at weekends?

At weekends my daily routine changes, I (sleep / relax / go out with my friends) … I don’t have to (get up early / study that much / go to bed so early) … Then (the days seem to be even shorter / time passes faster when you’re having fun) ... At weekends I usually (relax a bit / get up later / visit relatives) … I can (stay up late / sleep more / go out with my friends) … because I don’t (have school / have to get up so early) … the next day. On (Saturdays / Sundays) ... I sometimes go to (a pub / a disco) …

What could you do to balance your activities better?

I know school has to come first in my life, but I really would like to have more time for (having fun / sleeping / trips / parties) … I think I could make a list of the things I (want to do / have to deal with) ... that might help me to organise my time better. In my opinion I (don’t) make the most of my time, it is (not) very difficult to find (the right balance / time for everything) …

How does it change in the summer?

In summer I have more time for (relaxing / reading / watching films / surfing the net / pursuing my hobbies) … As I don’t have to (get up early / go to school / study a lot in the afternoons / go to training sessions) … in summer, I can (sleep late / read some books / go out with my friends / go on trips with my friends) … It is true that I have more time in summer, but I usually spend it (helping my mother in the household / working somewhere / looking after my small sister / working with my father in the garden) …

6/2 WHAT DO YOU THINK MAKES FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE? What do you need to live a healthy lifestyle?

I think it’s important to (get enough sleep / do sports / eat healthy food / drink enough liquid / have a healthy/positive way of thinking) ... (Meeting people / Going out / Making friends / Spending time in a meaningful/useful way / Maintaining the flexibility/health of our body / Keeping physically fit / Preventing illnesses / Entertainment / Going in for competitions) ... is/are also part of a balanced life. We are not supposed to drink (soft drinks / alco holic drinks / coffee) ... (Chocolates / Sweets / Candies / Cakes / Greasy food / Fast/Junk food / Smoking) ... should be avoided as well.

How does doing sports help us to keep fit and healthy?

I think doing sports generally makes us (fitter / more active / less tired during the day / physically more flexible / healthier) ... We can also develop (greater endurance / strength) ... I’ve heard doing sports makes us (more resistant to illnesses or diseases / fitter / healthier) ... I’ve learned to (respect other people more / work in a team / trust my teammates / obey my coach / be more disciplined / be hard-working / be persistent / stick to a routine) ...

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CONVERSATION

Have you ever experienced stress? How did it affect your life? What did you do about it? How can you overcome stress?

Lately I felt quite stressed when (we had tests at school / I was doing the language exams / my parents got divorced / my grandmother died / my brother was diagnosed with diabetes / I saw news about wars around the world on TV / I read about the recent natural disasters in other countries)…and I felt (tired / anxious / scared / overwhelmed / depressed)… When I’m stressed I (can’t concentrate / sweat a lot / get exhausted mentally / have nightmares / often have stomach ache / get upset over small things / have mood swings / start crying)… I realised that I (was overstretched / had too many extracurricular activities / had to take too much responsibility at home / was under huge peer pressure)… so I talked to (my parents / my teacher / my school counsellor / my GP)… and I decided to (quit one afternoon class / ask for professional help / take yoga classes / try meditation)…

What counts as personal hygiene?

For me (washing myself / taking a shower / taking a bath / brushing my teeth / washing my hair / cutting my nails / using cosmetic products) ... is/are part of my personal hygiene. Going to the (dentist / doctor / hairdresser’s / beautician) ... on a regular basis is also very important for me. I use different kinds of cosmetic products such as (perfumes / special bubble bath / hair products / body lotions) ...

What do you think is a good diet? What is healthy and what is unhealthy?

To eat the right way we need to have (vegetables / fruits / poultry / high fibre foods / food containing protein / vitamins / cereals / dairy products) ... on a daily basis. Our meals should contain as little (fat / salt / carbohydrates / sugar / food colourings / preservatives) ... as possible. We shouldn’t nibble all the time, so we should avoid (crisps / chocolate / sweets) ...

6/3 WHAT ARE YOUR EATING HABITS? What do you usually eat for breakfast?

For me, breakfast is (a bowl of cereal / cornflakes / muesli with milk / for a piece of toast with marmalade or butter / a yogurt / just a cup of white coffee) ... I don’t have breakfast because (I have no time / I can’t eat early in the morning / I have to catch my bus / I take sandwiches to school) ... At weekends we have more time, so (I / my mum / my father) ... prepare(s) (an omelette / sausages / bacon and eggs) ...

Where and what do you eat for lunch?

On weekdays I usually eat lunch (in the canteen / at home / at my grandmother’s) ... (and I / but I don’t) like the food there because it’s … (delicious / tasty / salty / overcooked / not enough / fatty / too much) ... Lunch is the main meal for me, and it consists of some soup and a main course which is usually (some meat with rice or potatoes / a vegetable dish / pasta) … followed by a dessert such as (ice cream / a piece of chocolate or cake / an apple) ... Lunch is usually a very quick meal for me so I (usually go to a fast food restaurant / just go to the school cafeteria / just have a sandwich / eat a light snack) … to keep me going until dinner.

What do you have for dinner and when is dinnertime?

At dinner I (eat like a bird / eat like a horse / eat some cold cuts with a slice of bread / have some fruit / don’t eat anything) ... I like to have dinner (before 6 p. m. / before I go to sleep) … because (I can’t sleep with a full stomach / I can’t fall asleep on an empty stomach) ... Dinner is (very important / a ritual for my family) ... because (everybody in my family just has a quick lunch / it’s the main meal of the day / we discuss what has been going on during the day) ...

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CONVERSATION

How often do you eat out and where?

We eat out only on special occasions such as (weddings / birthdays / namedays) ... My family rarely goes to a restaurant because (we can’t afford it / we prefer home-made food) …, but I’m fond of (Italian / Indian / Chinese) ... restaurants. I (often / occasionally / never) ... go to fast food restaurants because it’s (convenient / tasty / fast / fatty / unsatisfactory / expensive / unhealthy) ...

Are you a healthy eater?

I think my diet is quite (healthy / unhealthy / balanced) … because I try to eat (nutritious meals / a lot of fruit / vegetables / fish / dairy products) ... I (eat / don’t eat / avoid) … (brown sugar / a lot of yogurt and cheese / meat because I’m a vegetarian) ... I pay attention to (vitamins / minerals / calories / the energy value of the foods / limit fat intake / what I eat) ... because (I would like to be healthy / I don’t want to become overweight) ...

6/4 TELL ME ABOUT YOUR FAVOURITE DISHES, PLEASE. WHAT DO YOU LIKE TO EAT THE MOST? What are your favourite dishes?

It might sound strange but I prefer eating a/some (salad / chicken soup / vegetable dishes) … My absolute favourite dish is pancakes with (marmalade / sour cream / nuts / vanilla or chocolate sauce) … I like (breaded meat / vegetable dishes / stuffed cabbage / chicken paprika with dumplings) … the most.

What can you cook?

It’s very simple to make (an omelette / crêpes / chips (French fries) / potato hotpot) … I know all the ingredients and how to prepare (breaded fried cheese / mushrooms / pork stew / vegetable dishes / lasagne) … My mum taught me how to make (French onion soup / broth / noodles) …, all you need is some (sugar / eggs / flour / chicken breast / pork / veal / potato / red paprika / oil / salt / pepper / curry / onions) …

Why is it useful to know how to cook at least some basic dishes?

When it’s time to move away from my parents’ house, I would like to be able to (cook / prepare / make) ... (my own food / at least some basic dishes) ... If I don’t want to eat (take-away / junk / pre-packaged) … food, I will have to learn how to make some simple dishes. In September I hope to go to (university / college / work) ..., so I think I will (ask my mum to show me how to make some of my favourite dishes / get some cookery books / take some cooking lessons from my granny) … to survive the first couple of months.

What is your opinion about the instant and pre-packaged meals?

I think (instant soups / pre-packaged meals / take-away food) ... can be really useful when (you don’t have time for cooking / you can’t cook at all / you don’t feel like cooking / there’s no one to cook for you) … I would never eat such things, they (can never taste like my mum’s food / are not really healthy) … The (easiest / fastest) ... way of (saving you from starving / having a quick meal) … is to prepare (an instant soup / a deep-frozen pizza / lasagne) …

When do you order take-away? What do you usually order?

If I have a lot to (study / do) ... and I don’t have time to make something for myself then I order a/some (pizza / hamburger / chips / Chinese food) … When I go out with my friends, sometimes we just drop into a fast food restaurant to have a (snack / sandwich / hamburger / pizza / quick meal) … I usually try to avoid (going to fast food restaurants / eating in snack bars / ordering fast food) ... because I think the food I get there is (quite unhealthy / greasy / fatty) …

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CONVERSATION

6/5 HOW OFTEN DO YOU EAT OUT AND WHICH PLACES DO YOU PREFER? Where do you usually go when you eat out?

There are lots of (fast food / traditional / hamburger / Greek / Italian) ... restaurants in town. I usually go to (the school canteen / the fast food restaurant at the corner / the pizza restaurant close to the school) ... with (my friends / my sister) ... I never eat out because (I don’t have much pocket money / I like my mother’s cooking better / I have a food allergy) ...

Why do people usually go to a traditional restaurant and what is it like?

Traditional restaurants offer (a wider variety of meals / quality staff / a peaceful and quiet atmosphere) ... In a traditional restaurant (people have to reserve a table in advance / you get the menu from the waiter / you have to order the meals / waiters serve the meals / you ask for the bill before you leave / you are expected to give a tip to the waiter) ... Sometimes my parents take us to a traditional restaurant to (celebrate a birthday / eat there during the holidays) ...

When and why do people go to fast food restaurants?

My friends go to fast food restaurants (almost every day / at least twice a week / only about once a month) ... (because they like the food there / because they usually meet their friends there) ... but I think the food is not very healthy ... People like fast food restaurants because (they are self-service / they don’t have to wait for the waiter / the food is delicious / the atmosphere is really good / they are full of young people) ... Some people don’t really go to fast food restaurants because they think that (the food is not healthy there / they are very expensive / eating at home is much more comfortable)

What do you think of home delivery services? Have you ever ordered food on the phone or online?

I think it’s (great / very convenient / fantastic)… that food is now delivered to our homes if we (call the restaurant / order online)… because (we don’t need to cook / we don’t have to worry about what we eat / we can organise a hot meal in half an hour / there is a great variety of restaurants available in my town / it’s no more expensive than cooking ourselves)… I’ve never ordered anything because I (have a food intolerance / am vegetarian and they don’t offer a big variety / like home-made food better / don’t have much pocket money / live in a village and we don’t have any restaurants nearby who would deliver food)… I usually order food (at weekends / when my friends come over / when my mother travels abroad on business / when we all get home late)… Most of the time I order (kebab / pizza / salads / pasta / something traditional / a dessert too)… and it only takes (15 minutes / about 20 minutes / roughly half an hour)… until I get it, which is very (good / fast / convenient)…

What do you think of school canteens?

I’ve never tried the school canteen because (I always eat lunch at home / I’ve heard the food is not very tasty) ... I’ve been eating at the school canteen since I was ten, so I’ve got used to the (food / queue at the counter / self-service) ... Our school canteen’s quite good although (sometimes the tray and the cutlery are not clean / the food is tasteless / there is hardly anywhere to sit down) ...

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6 LIFESTYLE How could you make the school canteen better?

CONVERSATION I think that’s a tough question but they could (pay more attention to the quality of the food / have better cooks / be nicer to the students / give bigger portions) ... I hate (that the tables are not laid / the way the tables and chairs are arranged / having to stand in a queue) ... It would be great if (the cutlery and the plates were cleaner / the trays were bigger / we could have an extra helping / we could eat more fruit and vegetables / the food was not so greasy) ..

6/6 WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON ILLNESSES PEOPLE GET? What are the most common illnesses and health problems?

In (winter / spring / summer) ... a lot of people (suffer from the flu / suffer from allergies / have a sore throat / catch a cold) ... The most common illnesses nowadays are (the common cold / the flu / bronchitis / cancer / pneumonia) ... and the most serious are (cancer / high blood pressure / diabetes) ... Today’s (hectic / unhealthy / stressful) ... lifestyle often causes (insomnia / headaches / indigestion / depression / backache) ...

When were you last ill? What were your symptoms?

I (have / catch) … (the flu / a sore throat / a cold) ... (every year / very often) ... and I always feel (run down / sick / shivery / weak / dizzy) ... When I (catch a cold / have the flu) ..., I have (a splitting headache / a bad cough / stomach pains / spots / a bit of a temperature / a runny nose / high fever / no appetite) ... I (rarely pick up anything / have never been seriously ill) … thanks to (my regular way of life / sports / my healthy diet / the vitamins I take / my immune system) ...

How do you treat these illnesses?

Last time when I was ill my GP advised me (to drink two to three litres of liquid a day / not to get out of bed / to take antibiotics / to keep away from other people) ... The best thing to do is to (stay in bed / keep warm / sweat a lot / drink a lot of tea with lemon) ... I always (take my mother’s/my doctor’s advice / take things easy / rest a lot so I can recover quickly) ...

What are the most common injuries or accidents? Have you ever had an accident?

People need to be careful (around the house / on the street) ... because they can (easily get hurt / break their leg / sprain their ankle / get bruised) ... (Last time / last year / last month / yesterday) … I (had a bad cut which bled a lot / hurt my wrist playing handball / cut my finger badly / was seriously injured in an accident) ... If there’s an accident, it’s good to know (how to give first aid / how to make a bandage / how to dress a wound / what the phone number of the ambulance is) ...

How can you avoid illnesses?

If you want to stay healthy, you should (live a healthy life / do sports / walk more instead of going by car) ... I personally think that (eating fruit and vegetables / limiting oil and fat in your diet / doing more exercise) … is / are very important. The most powerful weapon against illnesses is (regular exercise / a strong immune system / laughter / a healthy diet) ...

6/7 WHEN DO YOU NEED TO VISIT A SPECIALIST? What was your problem when you last visited a specialist / doctor?

The last time I had to go to the doctor’s, I had (a cold / the flu / a sore throat) … and I felt terrible. I don’t often go to the doctor’s, but about a (week / month) … ago I (felt very sick / had a fever / had a bad cough / had food poisoning) … Unfortunately, I get ill quite easily, I often (get infections / get the flu / catch a cold / injure myself) ..., once I even had to see a/an (specialist / orthopaedist / psychiatrist / cardiologist) …

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CONVERSATION

Why do people go to private surgeries?

If someone is ill, they usually see their GP (general practitioner), there is no need to (see a specialist / visit a private surgery) … When I was younger I had some problems with my (eyesight / knee / blood pressure) …, so I needed a/an (specialist / eye doctor / cardiologist / orthopaedist) … and my parents took me to private surgeries to get the best medical care possible. I know it’s not always cheap to see a doctor at a private surgery, but (four / five / eight) … years ago I had an operation, since then I have to go to regular check-ups, and I think I’m in better hands at a private surgery.

What happens in the consulting room?

When the patient enters the surgery, the doctor usually asks about the symptoms, then gives them a thorough examination and checks their patient’s (blood pressure / skin / tonsils / lungs / breathing) … To give a correct diagnosis, the doctor needs to (ask several questions / listen to the patient’s chest / give the patient a proper examination) … Appointments at the doctor’s usually end with the doctor (giving the patient the diagnosis / giving the patient a prescription / referring the patient to a specialist) …

Have you ever been to a hospital? What was your problem?

Unfortunately, a couple of years ago I had a sports accident and my (knee / elbow / shoulder) ... was badly injured, so I had to be (operated on / treated in hospital / taken to hospital) ... I’m happy to say that the only time I had to go to a hospital was when I visited my (grandmother / grandfather / best friend) ... after his / her operation. I can’t remember exactly but when I was (five / two) … I had to stay in hospital for a couple of (weeks / days) ..., but my only memory of it is that I (didn’t like it at all / was quite bored / was frightened) …

When do people usually need an operation / surgery?

There are some illnesses which (cannot be cured with medicine / need an operation as soon as possible) ... Serious diseases and injuries such as (appendicitis / heart disease / a torn ligament) … need immediate surgery. People with (heart problems / knee problems / broken bones) ... often need to (undergo an operation / have surgery) ...

6/8 WHAT DO YOU THINK OF ADDICTIONS AND SUBSTANCES CAUSING ADDICTIONS? What sorts of substances or other things can cause addictions? Have you experienced any kind of addiction?

As far as I know (alcohol / drugs / medications / cigarettes /coffee / chocolate)… can cause addiction. I think basically anything can cause addiction because some people are addicted to (the internet / shopping /the phone / video games / playing cards / slot machines / betting)… I (drink coffee / play video games / bet with my friends)…. but I don’t think I am addicted to any of them. I’ve never tried (drugs / medicines / cigarettes / alcohol)… because I think it’s dangerous to get addicted to them. I was told by my parents that I should never (drink and drive / take drugs / try cigarettes)… because responsible people never do these things.

Why do people become addicted? How can you avoid having any addictions?

People sometimes (get in the wrong company / react to peer pressure / want to feel cool and independent)… and start (smoking / using drugs / taking medications)… I think we should (not go to places where drugs are sold / be careful about what we drink at parties / not accept gifts from strangers / avoid people who use substances)… My philosophy is that I’ll never even experiment with (drugs / smoking / drinking)… so that I won’t be tempted.

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CONVERSATION

What are the dangers and consequences of being addicted?

If you’re addicted to a substance or anything else you (will lose your friends / will lose your parent’s trust in you / might break laws / might go to prison / will have health issues)… Substance addiction can cause (high risk of cancer / loss of appetite / vitamin deficiency / hangovers / bad breath / yellow teeth / unhealthy skin)… If you use substances, you might have (hearing / coordination / judgment)… problems as a result.

What should be done if someone is already addicted? How could you help the person?

If someone’s already (addicted to drugs / a chain smoker / spending too much time on the internet / betting too much)… you should try to convince him or her to (go to the doctor / seek professional help / discuss the issues with a counsellor / talk about it with his or her parents)… It’s important that these people (admit their problems / face their addiction / face up to the challenges of getting clean / try their best to quit)… and people around them should (support them / provide help to them / assist them in their efforts)…

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SITUATIONS

6/1 ORGANISE YOUR DAY Your mother / father (played by the examiner) is asking you to do the following things but you are too busy. Discuss them with her / him and convince her / him that you do not have time for all of them. l do the shopping l pick up your sister from kindergarten l do the hoovering. Start by greeting your mother / farher. 6/2 PENFRIEND’S HEALTHY DIET You are on the phone with your American penfriend (played by the examiner) who is a bit overweight and he / she would like to lose weight. Help him / her change his / her eating habits and convince him /her to live a healthier life. Include the following: l l l l

what to eat where and what not to eat how to live a healthier lifestyle some other pieces of advice.

Start by greeting your penfriend. 6/3 COOK FOR YOUR FRIEND You would like to cook something typically Hungarian for your pen friend who is staying with you. You are calling your mother / father (played by the examiner) to ask for help. Ask her / him l what you need l how to prepare the following dishes l how long it takes to prepare them. Choose one that you would make for your friend.

noodles with cottage cheese and bacon

goulash soup

potato hotpot

Start by asking your mother / father for help. 6/4 EATING HABITS Your friend (played by the examiner) feels dizzy in the morning and it turns out that he / she never has breakfast. Explain to him / her the importance of a substantial breakfast and convince him / her to have breakfast regularly. Include the following ideas: l l l l

the importance of having breakfast what to eat what to drink what to avoid.

Start by asking your friend what his / her problem is. 91

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SITUATIONS

6/5 ORDER FOOD ON THE PHONE You have three friends over at your place and you decide to order dinner on the phone from one of the restaurants. Order meals from the menu for everyone and discuss the following points: enquire about the Chef’s Daily Specials request the food for a specific time ask about the possible payment methods have a particular request.

l l l l

Start by greeting the restaurant employee on the phone.

6/6 DECIDE ON A RESTAURANT An exchange student is staying with your family and you and your sister / brother would like to take him / her out for dinner. You are trying to decide where to take him / her. Discuss these three possibilities with your sister / brother (played by the examiner) and choose one of the restaurants. l a traditional Hungarian restaurant l a Chinese fast-food restaurant l an Italian pizzeria. Start by asking your sister / brother for help. 6/7 VISIT THE GP You are a student and you are spending two weeks in England on a language course. You couldn’t sleep last night because of various health problems. You think you have the flu. You have health insurance, so go to the doctor’s (played by the examiner), tell him / her your problems and ask for advice. Include the following: l l l l

what the symptoms are ask for advice (diet, medicine, treatment) ask if you have to pay ask where the chemist’s is.

Start by telling the doctor your problem.

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SAMPLE SITUATIONS

6/1 ORGANISE YOUR DAY A – Hi Mum / Dad! What’s up? B – Good morning, my dear! I have to run, I’m late for work. We’re going to have a crazy day at the office. A – OK! Do you need me to help you with anything? B – What’re you doing today? Do you have plans for the afternoon already? A – I have my basketball training in the afternoon, the rest depends on how much homework we get. Can I do anything for you? B – That’d be great! I’m afraid I’ll have to do some overtime today. A – OK, what do you want me to do? B – Well, someone needs to pick up your sister from kindergarten, I don’t think I’ll make it there for 4 o’clock. A – I can do that on the way home. My training ends at 3.30. B – Fantastic! And then the shopping. The fridge is almost empty and we’re expecting guests in the evening. A – You know I don’t like to go shopping with Lily. She will start crying and she always wants to get all sorts of candies and chocolates. B – I know, but she’s only four, she doesn’t understand yet. We need some stuff for dinner and for the guests. A – Maybe I should go to the shops before picking up Lily? B – Darling, I don’t want you to carry all the things around with you. A – Then what should we do? B – Why does everything have to happen on the same day? I wanted to do some tidying as well. At least the carpets need to be hoovered. A – I can’t do everything! I need to do homework too! B – I know. How about you doing the hoovering quickly when you get home with Lily, and I’ll do the shopping on my way home. A – OK. That sounds better. B – And you can do your homework afterwards. A – Fine. B – Right, I really have to run now. See you this evening! A – See you, Mum / Dad! 6/2 PENFRIEND’S HEALTHY DIET A – Hi! How are you? B – Hey! Not very well. You know, I’m getting really fed up with my body! I am so fat! A – Well, you shouldn’t think like that! You’re not that fat, and I think there is a solution to everything! B – Really? What? A – Well, first of all, you should start eating healthily. B – What do you mean? A – You know, you should eat fruit at least twice a day, vegetables and salads every day, drink water instead of soft drinks and you should drink less coffee. B – Well, I’m not sure about the coffee, but otherwise it doesn’t seem to be impossible. Is that all? A – Unfortunately, not. B – What else do I have to do? A – You should take up some sport as well. You should move regularly. It will make you feel really good! And it burns a lot of calories as well. B – OK. But that’s all, right? A – No, not really. B – Don’t torture me! A – You know, you should stop eating so much chocolate and sweets. And you shouldn’t eat snacks in front of the TV. That’s very unhealthy! B – OK. Enough is enough. I hope that’s all. A – There is one more thing. In your free-time you should do things which fit your new lifestyle. B – Like what? A – Like walking, going on trips, doing some gardening, riding a bike with your friends, going to the swimming pool, etc. You know, something which involves moving and being in the fresh air instead of sitting indoors. B – OK. Thank you. I’ll do my best and let you know how it goes. A – You’re welcome.

6/3 COOK FOR YOUR FRIEND A – Hi Mum / Dad! B – Hi … ! What is it? A – I was thinking, I want to cook something for Sam. Will you help me? B – Sure! What do you want to cook? 93

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A – Something typically Hungarian, but I’ve not decided yet. What would be the easiest? Noodles with cottage cheese, goulash or potato hotpot? B – Well, the noodles would be the easiest. You would only have to cook the pasta and fry the bacon. Do you think he’d like it? A – I don’t know. Maybe that wouldn’t be the best idea. How do you make goulash? B – It’s pretty easy too. You chop onion into small pieces, simmer it in oil, put the meat in, add some salt and paprika, then pour water over it and let it cook. After a while you put the carrots and potatoes in and cook it some more. A – I think that would take too much time. How long do you usually cook it? B – For at least two hours. A – That’s too long! I don’t want to spend that much time cooking. What about the potato hotpot? How is that made? B – Well, you cook the potatoes, boil the eggs and peel them, slice both of them and layer them in a bowl with the sausages. Finally you put sour cream and cheese on the top and put it in the oven for about half an hour until the top gets brown. A – Oh, well. It’s complicated and it also takes too much time. We wanted to go out in the afternoon, I don’t have that much time. B – Sorry, dear! Cooking does take time. A – OK, I’ll do the noodles then. That’s quick. Maybe I’ll do the goulash and the potato hotpot on another day when we don’t have any other plans. B – That’s a good idea. A – Thanks, Mum / Dad! B – You’re welcome!

6/4 EATING HABITS A – Hi … ! How are you? B – Hi … ! Well, I’ve been better. A – What’s wrong? B – I don’t know. I feel so weak and sometimes even dizzy. A – Really? What could be the problem? Some virus infection? B – Maybe. I’ve been feeling this way a lot recently. A – Have you been to the GP? B – No, it doesn’t seem to be that serious. I just sometimes have it in the morning. It usually goes away pretty quickly. A – It’s strange. Do you eat breakfast? B – No, I never eat anything in the morning. A – I think you should. Didn’t you know that breakfast is the most important meal? No wonder you feel weak and dizzy. B – I don’t think I could eat anything so early. A – Come on! I’m sure you could! B – I hope you don’t mean something like a real English breakfast. A – Of course not. But you could try and eat some yogurt for example. B – OK, maybe I could eat a peach- or strawberry-flavoured yogurt. A – Well, you should actually eat unsweetend yogurt, with some cereal and fruit and honey if you want to have it sweeter. B – How long would it take to prepare each morning? A – Not that long. You just have the yogurt, pour some ceareal in it, and add some fruit. It doesn’t take more than a few minutes. And what do you drink in the morning? B – So far I’ve only drunk a coffee. A – That’s not the best either. You should drink green tea or fruit juice. It’s better for your blood pressure and your digestion. B – I’m not sure I would wake up after drinking fruit juice. A – Tea contains caffeine, try that. B – OK, I’ll try. A – By the way, do you drink enough water during the day? And do you eat enough fruit, vegetables and nuts? B – Probably not. A – Well, you should try eating more. They really help. And forget about soft drinks. They contain too much sugar. B – Wow, I think I’ll rethink my diet. Thanks for the tip. A – You’re welcome. And I hope you’ll feel better. B – Thanks!

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6/5 ORDER FOOD ON THE PHONE A – Good evening. B – Good evening. Easy Bite Restaurant. How can I help you? A – I’d like to order some food. B – What would you like? A – First of all, I’d like to know what the Chef’s Daily Specials are. B – Certainly. Which one are you interested in? A – As it’s a Friday, I’d like to know what “Thankfully, it’s Friday” is. B – It’s grilled salmon and pasta with spinach sauce. A – I see. It sounds tempting. Let me see. … I’ll have a lemon noodle with baby spinach, a quattro formaggi pizza, a salami pizza and a mushroom ravioli then. We’d like to have extra cheese toppings on the pizzas. B – Excellent choices. Any desserts or drinks? A – We’ll have two sponge cakes, an apple pie and a fruit salad. B – Very good. A – Can we have extra whipped cream on the fruit salad? B – Certainly! A – Thank you. We won’t have any drinks. B – Fine. Anything else? A – No, that’ll be all. B – Where shall we deliver? A – The address is … . B – And your name? A–… B – Thank you. Can I have a phone number in case we can’t find you? A – Sure. It is 555-34478. How can we pay for the meals? B – You can pay in cash, with credit card or with food vouchers. A – We’d like to pay with food vouchers. B – Please note that we can’t change it or give change from food vouchers. A – Thank you, I’m aware of that. When can we expect to receive our orders? B – In about forty minutes. A – Can you deliver it a bit later? In about an hour’s time? That would be more convenient. B – Sure, no problem. Any other requests? A – No, that’s all. B – Thank you for your order. I wish you a nice evening. A – The same to you. Bye. B – Bye.

6/6 DECIDE ON A RESTAURANT A – Hi … ! B – Hey … ! What’s up? A – I was thinking I’d like to take Frank somewhere to eat. B – That’s a great idea! Where do you want to go? A – I don’t know yet. Do you know a good restaurant? B – Well, there’s this pizza place, you know, the Italian restaurant. A – Right. I know that one. It’s not bad. Do you think he would like it? B – Everyone likes pizzas. And they serve other types of food as well. A – You’re right. B – Or the Chinese restaurant two blocks from here? A – Yeah! That one’s also good. Do you think I should take him to an Italian or Chinese restaurant? He’s in Hungary after all. Shouldn’t I take him to a Hungarian restaurant? B – You’re probably right. He can eat Italian or Chinese food at home too. A – Yep! Do you know any traditional Hungarian restaurant? B – We have Kiskulacs here, around the corner. A – Yes, but isn’t it too expensive? I don’t have that much money. B – Yes, it may be too expensive. Let me think if I know a cheaper place. A – Thanks. B – There’s one not far from the place where Peter lives. Do you know that one? A – Sure! It serves traditional Hungarian food and they say it’s a fine restaurant. B – Yes, and it’s supposed to be cheaper, but still quite good or so I’ve heard. A – I think we’ll go there. B – OK. Have a good time! I hope he’ll like it. 95

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A – Would you like to join us? B – Thanks for the invitation, but I’m afraid I can’t. I’m quite busy at the moment. A – OK. Then see you later! B – See you! 6/7 VISIT THE GP A – Good morning! B – Good morning! What is your problem? A – Well, I have a headache and I feel terrible. B – Do you have any other symptoms? A – Yes, I do. I have a sore throat, a runny nose, a bad cough. I have aching limbs, I feel run down and I’ve lost my appetite. B – I see. Do you have a temperature? A – I don’t know. I didn’t check it. B – It seems to me that you have the flu. A – What shall I do? B – I advise you to stay in bed, drink a lot of tea, eat simple foods like boiled potatoes or biscuits. I will prescribe some antibiotics, painkillers and vitamins as well. Buy these medicines at the pharmacy as soon as possible. A – Thank you. B – Could you give me your personal details so that I can fill in the prescription form and the medical report? A – Sure. My name is ... B – How old are you? A – I am 17 years old. I was born on 25 October, 19.../20... . B – OK. Do you take any medicines regularly? A – No, I don’t. B – Do you have any allergy to any medicine? A – As far as I know, I don’t. B – Do you have any health insurance? A – Yes, I do. B – In this case the insurance covers the costs of the medical treatment. I’ll give you this prescription. Come back for a check-up in a week. A – Can you please tell me where I find the closest chemist? B – It’s just around the corner. A – Thank you very much. B – You’re welcome. Get well soon! A – Bye. B – Bye.

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6/1 DAILY ROUTINE These pictures show different activities people do during the day. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

their lives and daily routines advantages of these lifestyles disadvantages of these lifestyles your lifestyle and daily routine.

6/2 HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY FOOD These pictures show different kinds of food. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

healthier / less healthy food restaurants where you can eat these types of food popular meals among young people your diet and your family’s diet.

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6/3 EATING HABITS These pictures show different eating habits of people. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

where and what people usually eat good and bad eating habits family meals and their importance what you could do to eat in a healthier way.

6/4 HEALTHY LIVING These pictures show different aspects of healthy living. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the components of a healthy lifestyle the importance of living a healthy life balanced way of eating what you do to keep fit and stay healthy.

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6/5 EATING IN DIFFERENT PLACES These pictures show people eating in different places. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

places where people can eat types of food and services offered why people choose to eat at these places places you have tried and which ones you prefer.

6/6 ILLNESSES These pictures show different illnesses. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

common illnesses when and how people get ill symptoms and possible ways of treatment the last time you were ill.

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6/7 GOING TO THE GP’S SURGERY OR TO HOSPITAL These pictures show how patients are treated at the GP’s surgery and in hospital. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the typical illnesses and injuries treated at the GP’s surgery and in hospital the kinds of examinations and treatments people receive in each place the way people feel during their stay in hospital the last time you were in hospital or at the GP’s.

6/8 ADDICTIONS The following pictures show different substances which can cause addiction. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

substances which cause addiction why people take them and how they can avoid or quit them health problems they can cause any personal experience.

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6/1 DAILY ROUTINE People can have very different lifestyles and daily routines. These depend on several things, mostly on their age, their occupation, their hobbies, where they live or whether they have a family. Some people who work on night shifts or in places which are open at night such as clubs and bars sleep during the day. Other people work during the day and sleep at night. These people have more traditional work routines, get up in the morning, go to work, come home in the afternoon and spend the evening usually at home. Some people say that it’s actually not bad to work at night. If you don’t need much sleep, you have a lot of time during the day to go to places, run errands, do the shopping, do some housework, enjoy the weather, etc. However, normal daytime jobs have their advantages as well. Your body adjusts to it better, you have the same routine as your family, so you can spend more time with them, you can watch the evening films on TV, you can go to concerts or sports events and meet friends. Both daily routines have their disadvantages too. If you work at night, your body may not be able to relax during the daylight so well when you want to sleep. You may also miss evening outings with friends, or some time with your family. Those who have kids can’t have dinner with them and put them to bed. On the other hand, people who work during the day may find it difficult to do the shopping or run errands to public institutions or banks because by the time they finish work, these places are closed. All in all, I think all kinds of daily routines have their advantages and disadvantages too, we just have to find the best routine for ourselves and our family. I’m still at school so my life revolves mostly around classes and studying. I get up early, take the bus to school, get home in the afternoon and study. When the rest of my family gets home we usually have dinner together and then I watch TV or read a book in the evening. When I finish secondary school and go to university my routine will change a little, but I don’t mind that. 6/2 HEALTHY AND UNHEALTHY FOOD I think nowadays people eat a lot of unhealthy food. We often don’t have time to sit down and prepare healthy meals. We eat pre-packaged, take-away or junk food such as pizza, French fries, frozen meals, etc. We also eat a lot of chocolates, crisps and sweets because these reduce the appetite and they can be eaten quickly. Instead of them we should eat a lot of fruit and vegetables, cook meals with less fat and spices. We have to make sure we drink enough liquid. It should not be coffee or soft drinks but water, milk and fruit juices. There are a lot of restaurants and take-away services which offer all kinds of food. Fast food restaurants are considered less healthy, but nowadays, they offer salads and healthy sandwiches as well. There are also specialised restaurants where you can find organic, vegetarian and different national cuisines or the usual Hungarian specialities. Traditional restaurants are mostly preferred by adults and elderly people who like the atmosphere and the service these restaurants offer. Young people, on the other hand, like to eat a hamburger with French fries, a pizza or kebab or bakery products and pastries. They go to fast food restaurants such as McDonalds, Burger King or to pizzerias and eateries in shopping centres. These places are the cheapest, fastest and easiest way to get something to eat, not to mention the fact that it’s the usual place for meeting friends and socialising. I generally pay attention to what I eat so I eat a lot of fruit and vegetables, and I keep away from junk food. At the same time, I must admit that I eat a lot of chocolate and crisps as well. I have also tried to persuade my family to eat more healthily and to avoid having so much fat and spices in their meals, but it’s quite difficult to combine a healthy way of eating with Hungarian cooking, which traditionally contains a lot of fat and hot spices. 6/3 EATING HABITS Most Hungarians eat three times a day. They have breakfast at home, which is usually cornflakes, muesli, a piece of toast, yogurt, a sandwich, black coffee, tea or orange juice. Some people don’t have time for a substantial breakfast so they just gulp down a coffee or tea or eat something on the run. Lunch is eaten at school or at work, usually in a canteen. An average lunch in a canteen consists of some soup, a main course which might be noodles, a vegetable stew or some meat with rice or potatoes. Sometimes there is a dessert, for example a piece of cake, chocolate or some fruit. Unfortunately, many people have lunch in fast food restaurants or they even skip it because, they say, they don’t have time for it. Many people eat some bread and cold cuts, sausages with mustard or a sandwich or maybe some leftovers reheated in the microwave for dinner at home. Experts recommend that we eat five times a day but a smaller amount of food each time. It is also said that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, because that is where people get their energy from for the day. Lunch should be something hot and should have at least two courses, a soup or a starter and a main course. Dinner should not be later than six or seven o’clock in the evening because it is very unhealthy to go to sleep on a full stomach. Unfortunately, many people eat snacks between meals: sweets, crisps, biscuits or chocolate. Another problem is that traditional Hungarian meals are very fatty and spicy but we either cannot or do not want to do without them. Family meals are usually enjoyable for both parents and children and they provide a chance to talk to each other, so mealtime is a very important part of family life. In my family we don’t always have time to sit down and eat 101

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together during the week, but at weekends we always have our Sunday lunch together. This is important because we can talk a bit and spend some time together as a family. My diet is based on fruit, vegetables, dairy products and a lot of meat. I try to pay attention to what I eat because “you are what you eat”. My only problem is that I eat very fast, instead of taking my time. In the last few months I have gained some weight because sometimes I can’t stop myself eating too much, especially if my mum makes pancakes. 6/4 HEALTHY LIVING A healthy life consists of several things and the key is that we balance them. I think it’s important to eat healthy food, drink healthy drinks, keep a healthy mind, sleep enough, work out regularly, be outside in the fresh air enough, and live an active life. It’s important to keep our body as healthy as possible because this way we can preserve our health for a longer time and we can avoid getting ill or injured. Some illnesses such as diabetes or high blood pressure are linked to an unhealthy lifestyle or to being overweight. It’s better for all of us when we are healthy and we don’t need to go to the GP all the time, we don’t need to take medications but rather fulfil our duties and responsibilities. If we pay attention to our health from early on, we can avoid lots of illnesses later on in life. It’s also important that we exercise. We should go for a run, or a walk, or go to a fitness club several times a week. I think a balanced diet means that we eat smaller portions several times a day and we eat a whole variety of different food. We need to eat fibre and whole grain bread, dairy products, fruit, vegetables, white meat such as chicken or fish, use healthy oils from nuts and drink lots of water. We need to stay away from sugar and unhealthy fats, too much pre-produced food or prepackaged food, which means that we should avoid greasy food, sweets, and caffeine. We should also drink healthy drinks. I never drink soft drinks which are full of sugar, I prefer water, milk, fruit juices or green tea. I find it very important to have a healthy lifestyle. I maintain a balanced diet, I usually eat a yogurt with nuts, cereals and fruit for breakfast, some light salad and meat for lunch and whole grain bread with cheese and vegetables for dinner. I drink a lot of water or green tea during the day and I exercise two or three times a week. I like yoga and running. I hope I can keep my health for a long time. 6/5 EATING IN DIFFERENT PLACES There are different places where people can eat out. There are canteens, fast food restaurants, and small buffets, or traditional and elegant restaurants. People can choose among them depending on what they want to eat, how much time or money they want to spend and what sort of service they wish to have. Canteens, fast food restaurants and buffets are self-service restaurants. Canteens usually provide lunch for students or people at their workplaces. They can have a soup, a main course and a dessert there and can eat them quickly in their lunch breaks. Fast food restaurants are popular among young people, they serve hamburgers, french fries, soft drinks, and simple desserts. Small buffets also specialise in serving simple food quickly. Traditional restaurants offer the most convenient service. They offer a huge variety of foods and they have waiters who take the orders and serve the food. When people just want to eat simple food quickly, they will probably go to a fast food restaurant, or to a buffet. If they are at school or at work and they want to have lunch, they will most probably go to the canteen. Traditional restaurants are more elegant and people usually go there when they want to have a lunch or dinner in comfort, when they celebrate a special occasion, or want to take a business partner to dinner. They usually have more courses and spend more time and money there. I actually go to the school canteen every day to have lunch there after school. I also go to fast food restaurants when I want to meet friends. I’ve been to traditional restaurants as well. Last month we celebrated my grandmother’s sixtieth birthday in a posh restaurant. It was very nice, I liked it very much. The place had a nice atmosphere and the food was excellent. I think I like fast food restaurants the most. I like the food there and the laid-back atmosphere and I don’t mind self-service either. 6/6 ILLNESSES We can become ill in many ways, the most common illnesses are the flu, colds, sore throats, stomach aches, diarrhea or other bacterial or virus infections. Most people get ill when they are out in public. Children take illnesses home from kindergarten or school, adults take them home from their workplaces or from buses or supermarkets where they meet other people. We touch the same surfaces or things, we cough at each other and this is how these illnesses are transmitted. When we’re ill, we often have a headache, pain in our limbs, we sneeze or cough, or have a blocked or runny nose. We can also have stomach ache or a high temperature and in more serious cases we can be nauseous or even throw up. We need to be careful with illnesses. First of all we should go to the GP and let him or her diagnose our illness. If he or she prescribes any medication, we should take them so that we get well as soon as possbile. We can try home remedies such as drinking lots of tea with lemon and honey or eating chicken soup. We should also stay 102

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at home and away from other people so that we don’t transmit the illness to others. When we’re ill, we should stay in bed, relax or sleep a lot until we feel better. Even if we can’t eat anything we should drink lots of liquids so that we don’t get dehydrated. Being ill is not a pleasant feeling. I unfortunately went through some sort of virus infection a few weeks ago. I woke up in the middle of the night with a splitting headache and very bad stomach. I was shivering with cold and I had to run to the bathroom to throw up. After my stomach was empty I felt very weak and I slept for several hours. I ate boiled potato and drank tea for two days and it took me a few more days to recover fully. 6/7 GOING TO THE GP’S SURGERY OR TO HOSPITAL People usually see their GP if they catch some common illness such as a cold or the flu, or suffer from indigestion or pneumonia. Sometimes, however, it may also turn out to be more serious and the doctor can refer us to a specialist or to the hospital. People are taken straight to hospital if they have an accident. If it’s only a common illness people are given a thorough examination at the doctor’s surgery, then the doctor makes a diagnosis and gives the patient a prescription. In hospitals it’s a little bit more complicated; patients see specialists in their surgeries and are given special kinds of examinations such as X-ray, EEG, ECG examinations or even brain scanning. After all the necessary examinations doctors give the patients the treatment they think is the most effective and patients may have to remain in hospital for further treatments for a while. A hospital stay is never pleasant; nobody likes to be ill or to suffer from pain. People often feel confused, lonely, exposed and vulnerable, they can also miss their home. It’s an especially difficult situation for small children and old people. Fortunately, I don’t get ill very easily, so I don’t have to see my doctor very often. The only time I had to go into hospital was when I had a skating accident and hurt my knee very badly, I couldn’t stand up. My parents took me to the emergency ward immediately, where I was given an X-ray and it turned out that I had a torn ligament. I had to be operated on, but after a couple of days I was able to leave the hospital. My leg was put in plaster for six weeks and I had to return to the hospital for regular check-ups. The plaster wasn’t very nice to wear because it was itching all the time, but my knee was fully cured and I can use it just the same as before. 6/8 ADDICTIONS There are several substances which can cause addictions such as tobacco or nicotine, drugs, alcohol, pills or coffee and even certain types of behaviour such as stealing, lying or gambling. Actually anything can be addictive if it’s carried to extremes but some things are more dangerous than others. Some can cause problems in our lives, in our relationships or even with our health. Some people try addictive substances or things because they want to experience the feeling they give, want to feel the thrill and the excitement, or just keep up with their friends, be able to say that they have tried them, pretend to be cool or to be part of a gang. I think it’s important that we keep ourselves away from drugs and other substances. We should not take any pills, alcohol, or other drugs. We should not accept drinks or food from strangers and should be careful what we eat or drink at parties. If we have already had any sort of drug-related experience, we need to make sure that we don’t repeat it, that we avoid it in the future. If we see our friends taking any sorts of drugs, we should try to persuade them to quit the habit and offer them any help they need. If the problem seems to be very serious, we should also involve adults in the process or even medical help. I’ve been told that taking drugs and other substances can cause serious health problems as well. In the short run we can experience vision problems, headaches, a hangover, bad breath, our clothes can smell bad, and we can even have hallucinations. In the long run drugs, alcohol or smoking can cause heart and lung problems, and coordination problems. They can damage our teeth, and other important organs. All in all, I think we should keep ourselves and our friends away from any sorts of drugs. I’ve never taken any drugs, but I think coffee also causes addiction so I’m probably addicted to that. I drink several coffees every day and I feel I can’t wake up without it. I’ve never smoked and I don’t plan to start either, but my best friend does smoke a few cigarettes every day. I think it’s a very disgusting habit and I’ve told him to quit it many times, but he doesn’t listen to me.

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6 LIFESTYLE DAILY ROUTINE organise one’s time beosztja az idejét make the most of one’s day kihozza a legtöbbet a napjából wake up felébred get up as soon as the felkel, ahogy megszólal alarm clock goes off az ébresztôóra oversleep elalszik (nem ébred fel idôben) stay in bed late sokáig ágyban marad get up late késôn kel fel take a shower / bath zuhanyozik / fürdik wash / dry one’s hair megmossa / megszárítja a haját brush one’s teeth fogat mos comb one’s hair fésülködik shave borotválkozik put on make-up kisminkeli magát cut one’s nails körmöt vág get dressed felöltözik leave home elmegy otthonról arrive at school / work megérkezik az iskolába / munkába be late for school / work elkésik az iskolából / a munkából have lunch in the school a menzán ebédel canteen have after-school activities délutáni iskolai programjai vannak do the homework megcsinálja a házi feladatot help with housework segít a házimunkában go to training sessions edzésre jár go out elmegy szórakozni hang out with friends barátokkal lóg stay up late sokáig fennmarad go to bed lefekszik fall asleep elalszik HEALTHY LIFESTYLE get enough sleep eat healthily avoid fast food cut down on crisps / sweets drink enough water cut out soft / alcoholic drinks lead an active life do sports / (physical) exercise keep fit give up smoking personal hygiene body care use cosmetic products (deodorant, perfume)

eleget alszik egészségesen táplálkozik kerüli a gyorsételeket kevesebb chipset / édességet eszik elegendô vizet iszik kiiktatja az üdítôt / alkoholos italokat aktív életet él sportol / testedzést végez megôrzi a fittségét abbahagyja a dohányzást személyes higiénia testápolás kozmetikai cikkeket használ (dezodort, parfümöt)

WORD LIST have a positive way of thinking prevent illnesses be resistant to diseases EATING HABITS food meal dish diet be on a diet rich in sg vitamins minerals calories low- / high-calorie nutritious fatty / greasy low-fat meat-free weight problems lose weight put on weight be a vegetarian cereals cornflakes muesli muesli bar toast butter marmalade cold cuts sausage ham and eggs scrambled eggs a slice of bread roll dairy products yoghurt sour cream cottage cheese white / black coffee red meat / white meat pork beef lamb poultry chicken turkey liver fish and seafood carp tuna salmon sardines lobster shrimps vegetables

pozitív a gondolkodásmódja megelôzi a betegségeket ellenálló a betegségekkel szemben élelmiszer étkezés étel étrend / diéta / diétás diétázik / fogyókúrázik gazdag vmiben vitaminok ásványi anyagok kalóriák alacsony / magas kalóriatartalmú tápláló zsíros alacsony zsírtartalmú húsmentes súlyproblémák (le)fogy (meg)hízik vegetáriánus gabonapehely kukoricapehely müzli müzliszelet pirítós vaj (narancs)lekvár felvágott kolbász / virsli sonkás tojás tojásrántotta egy szelet kenyér zsömle / kifli tejtermékek joghurt tejföl túró tejes- / feketekávé vörös hús / fehér hús sertéshús marhahús bárány baromfihús csirke pulyka máj hal és a tenger gyümölcsei ponty tonhal lazac szardínia homár garnélarák zöldségek

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6 LIFESTYLE onion garlic carrot cabbage cauliflower pumpkin bean pea spinach corn radish lettuce cucumber fruit cherry sour cherry raspberry peach apricot pear plum watermelon walnut / nut juicy dried tinned candied

vöröshagyma fokhagyma sárgarépa káposzta karfiol tök bab borsó spenót kukorica retek fejessaláta uborka gyümölcs cseresznye meggy málna ôszibarack sárgabarack körte szilva görögdinnye dió / mogyoró lédús aszalt / szárított konzerv kandírozott / cukrozott

DISHES Hungarian cuisine a magyar konyha pancakes Hortobágyi style Hortobágyi húsos palacsinta fish soup halászlé vegetable stew fôzelék pork / veal / beef stew sertés- / borjú- / marhapörkölt beefsteak marhasült roast beef sült marhahús breaded pork cutlet rántott sertésszelet chicken paprika with csirkepaprikás nokedlivel dumplings pork medallions Brassó Brassói aprópecsenye style beefsteak with fried onions hagymás rostélyos potato hotpot rakott krumpli pasta tésztaféleség sweet noodles with diós / mákos / walnuts / poppy seeds / túrós tészta cottage cheese breaded fried cheese / rántott sajt / gomba mushrooms desserts desszertek sponge cake Somló style Somlói galuska pancakes filled with túrós / diós / ízes / cottage cheese / nuts / csokoládé vagy vanília jam / chocolate or vanilla szószos palacsinta sauce Gundel palacsinta Gundel pancakes tasty / delicious ízletes well-prepared ízletesen elkészített

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WORD LIST home-made food freshly made disgusting flavours sweet sour salty bitter hot mild

házias ételek frissen készült gusztustalan ízek édes savanyú sós keserû csípôs / forró enyhe / nem csípôs

COOKING peel slice cut into pieces / in half coat in breadcrumbs grate cheese beat / whisk eggs boil cook fry roast grill bake preheat the oven heat the oil add stir mix season garnish serve

hámoz szeletel darabokra / félbe vág paníroz sajtot reszel felveri a tojásokat forral fôz süt (zsiradékban) süt grillez süt (pl. süteményt) elômelegíti a sütôt felforrósítja az olajat hozzáad kavar összekever fûszerez körít tálal

EATING OUT fast food restaurant hamburger restaurant pizza place sandwich bar Indian / Chinese / Japanese / Italian / Greek reataurant reserve a table wide variety of meals friendly and fast staff quiet atmosphere get the menu order food / drinks starter first / second course dessert ask for the bill tip the waiter ILLNESSES fall ill take sick-leave symptoms have a headache / stomach ache / backache / toothache

gyorsétterem hamburgeres pizzéria szendvicsezô indiai / kínai / japán / olasz / görög étterem asztalt foglal széles ételválaszték barátságos és gyors kiszolgálás csendes légkör kéri az étlapot ételt / italt rendel elôétel elsô / második fogás desszert kéri a számlát borravalót ad megbetegedik betegszabadságra megy tünetek fáj a feje / hasa / háta / foga

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6 LIFESTYLE have a pain in one’s limbs have a sore throat sneeze have a bad cough have a blocked / a runny nose have a temperature feel dizzy feel sick breathe heavily get / catch a cold have the flu virus infection hay fever asthma pneumonia allergy be allergic to sg high blood pressure diabetes heart attack get sunstroke food poisoning vomit / throw up have diarrhoea lose one’s appetite take medicine recover / get well AT THE DOCTOR'S make an appointment with the doctor visit the doctor GP (general practitioner) children's doctor ENT specialist eye doctor dentist surgeon nurse doctor’s surgery waiting room emergency room hospital ward operating theatre go for a check-up eye / blood / … test dental check-up take one’s pulse / blood pressure / temperature give sy an injection / a vaccination diagnosis treatment cure prescription prescribe a medicine

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fájnak a végtagjai fáj a torka tüsszent csúnyán köhög be van dugulva / folyik az orra lázas szédül hányingere van nehezen veszi a levegôt megfázik influenzás vírusfertôzés szénanátha asztma tüdôgyulladás allergia allergiás vmire magas vérnyomás cukorbetegség szívroham napszúrást kap ételmérgezés hány hasmenése van elveszti az étvágyát orvosságot szed meggyógyul idôpontot kér az orvostól elmegy orvoshoz háziorvos gyerekorvos fül-orr-gégész szemész fogorvos sebész ápoló(nô) orvosi rendelô várószoba sürgôsségi osztály kórterem mûtô ellenôrzô vizsgálatra megy szem / vér / … vizsgálat fogászati vizsgálat megméri vki pulzusát / vérnyomását / lázát injekciót / védôoltást ad vkinek diagnózis kezelés gyógymód orvosi recept / vény orvosságot ír fel

WORD LIST painkiller vitamin pills eye / nose drops lozenges antibiotics refer sy to a specialist / hospital

fájdalomcsillapító vitamintabletta szem- / orrcsepp szopogatós tabletta antibiotikum beutal vkit szakorvoshoz / kórházba

INJURIES hurt / injure oneself cut one’s finger / thumb

megsérül elvágja az ujját / hüvelykujját twist one's ankle kificamítja a bokáját sprain one's back meghúzza a hátát bruise one's knee lehorzsolja a térdét break one's arm / leg eltöri a karját / lábát put a bandage on bekötöz give first aid elsôsegélyben részesít save sy's life megmenti vki életét call an ambulance mentôt hív have an X-ray exam / test megröntgenezik put in plaster begipszelik operation / surgery mûtét / operáció be operated on megmûtik STRESS feel stressed feel anxiety anxious frustrated be overburdened with sg mood swings concentration / sleep problems be under pressure cope with tension / stress

stresszel, folyamatos feszültségben él szorong aggódó, szorongó frusztrált túlterhelt hangulatingadozások koncentrációs / alvási problémák nyomás alatt áll megbirkózik a feszültséggel / stresszel

ADDICTIONS be addicted to sg experiment with sg ab/use il/legal say no to sg self-control resist temptation overcome an addiction nicotine / drug / alcohol addiction regular smoker chain smoker quit smoking drug use do drugs swallow snort feel high

függ vmitôl, függô kísérletezik vmivel ki/használ, visszaél vmivel il/legális nemet mond vmire önmérséklet ellenáll a kísértésnek legyôz egy függôséget nikotin- / drog- / alkoholfüggôség rendszeres dohányos láncdohányos abbahagyja a dohányzást droghasználat drogot használ lenyel orron át felszív be van lôve

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6 LIFESTYLE pill powder designer drugs stimulant drug depressant meth

WORD LIST

pirula, gyógyszer por dizájner drogok, szintetikus szerek élénkítô drog nyugtató metamfetamin

CONSEQUENCES OF ADDICTIONS do harm kárt okoz harm 1. kár, 2. károsít vision / hearing / memory látás / hallás / memória coordination / problems koordinációs problémák health problems / egészségi problémák / damage egészségkárosodás hangover másnaposság overdose túladagolás yellow teeth sárga fogak dry mouth kiszáradt száj bad breath kellemetlen lehelet smelly clothes bûzös ruhák sweat 1. izzadság, 2. izzad blurred vision homályos látás shortness of breath légszomj vitamin deficiency vitaminhiány loss of appetite étvágytalanság depression depresszió risk of cancer rák kockázata lung cancer tüdôrák cause hallucinations hallucinációt okoz raise blood pressure megemeli a vérnyomást megemeli a pulzust increase the heart rate damage brain cells roncsolja az agysejteket

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7 ENTERTAINMENT

CONVERSATION

7/1 WHAT DO YOU USUALLY DO IN YOUR FREE TIME? DO YOU HAVE ANY HOBBIES? How much free time do you have during the week? What do you do with it?

As I (go to school / have to study a lot / have to help my mother in the house / have to babysit my little brother) ... I don’t have that much free time. I have lots of free time because (I don’t have to study too much / I don’t have many tasks) ... When I have some free time, I usually (go out for a walk / meet my friends / play with my dogs / read or watch TV) ...

How much free time do you have at weekends?

At weekends I have more free time because (I don’t have to go to school / I don’t have so much homework / I don’t have any training sessions or private lessons) ... Sometimes my mother asks me to (help her with the housework / tidy my room / do something in the garden) ..., so I can’t (do what I want to / go out / sleep all morning) ... I like weekends because I have more time to (read / watch TV / play computer games / meet my friends / sit out in the garden / work out) ...

What do you usually do in your spare time?

Most of the time I (read / listen to the radio / do crossword puzzles / paint / draw caricatures / build websites) ... I like (being outdoors / playing football with my friends / doing the gardening with my parents / playing computer games / practising karate) ... In my free time I try to relax by (doing sports / going for a walk / listening to music / going to the cinema / doing modern dancing / fishing) ...

Do you have a hobby? What do you like doing?

I got a (napkin / calendar / beer mat / stamp) ... collection from (my grandmother / cousin) ... a few years ago and I’ve continued collecting them ever since. I like (taking photographs / dancing / painting / knitting / doing embroidery / building model aeroplanes) ... I don’t have a special hobby, I like doing lots of different things in my free time such as (sports / reading / listening to music) ...

Would you like to take up a hobby in the near future?

I have always wanted to try (sailing / knitting / sewing / pottery) ... I may take up (para-gliding / salsa dancing / ice/inline skating) ... I have no plans to take up any new hobbies in the future because I already have one, which is (collecting postcards / taking photos) ...

7/2 HOW OFTEN DO YOU GO OUT AND WHERE DO YOU GO? How often do you go to the cinema or to the theatre?

I (quite often / regularly / sometimes / never / rarely) … go to the (cinema / theatre) ... because (I’m fond of films / I like musicals / I have a season ticket / it costs a fortune / it finishes late) … I used to go to the (theatre / cinema) … when I (attended primary school / was 15 years old) …, but I can’t afford the time any more. The (theatre / cinema) ... in our town is so (famous / good / bad) … that I (can’t miss anything / have to see everything / don’t want to go there) …

What kinds of films and plays do you like?

I’m keen on (adventure films / action films / tragedies / musicals / comedies) … because they are (amusing / interesting / exciting / moving / funny) … I enjoy (romantic films / science fiction films / comedies) very much …, but I don’t like to watch (thrillers / melodramas / horror films) … I appreciate (films / plays) ... with (an interesting plot / a happy ending / a good cast / a talented director) …

Which film or play did you see last?

The last film I saw was (The Pirates of the Caribbean) … which (tells the story of ... / is about a ... / is a love story) … The (film / story / play) ... is set in (the 21st century / World War II) …and it is (well-acted / well-directed / worth seeing) ... I was rather disappointed with (the play / the film) … because it (was too long / was confusing / was boring / had too many special effects) ...

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CONVERSATION

Do you ever go to concerts?

I’m mad about (Tankcsapda) …, so I never miss (his / her / their) ... concerts. I (regularly / frequently / never) … go to (pop / rock / classical music) ... concerts as they ( tend to be too loud / are a lot of fun / are very entertaining) ... I will never forget (the Bryan Adams concert in Budapest / the Bon Jovi concert) ... because it (was spectacular / was a great stage performance / had so many special effects / ended with a firework display) … I never go to concerts / I’ve never been to a concert ... because (I don’t have a favourite band/singer / the tickets are very expensive) ...

What kinds of exhibitions have you seen so far?

I (often / sometimes / never) ... (go to museums / visit art galleries / look at online exhibitions) ... I have seen the memorable (exhibits / paintings / statues / drawings / collection) ... of (Csontváry Koszta Tivadar) … in the (Historical Museum / Museum of Fine Arts / House of Terror) ... I would like to go to the (Palace of Wonders / Béla Bartók Memorial House) … because I’m interested in (his/her works / the history of … / the life of ...) ...

7/3 WHAT SPORTS DO YOU DO AND WHICH ONES DO YOU WATCH? What is your favourite sport?

I think sports are fun to do, so I’ve tried several sports so far such as (karate / running / swimming / pentathlon / basketball) … I like almost all sports, but my personal favourite is (handball / football / sailing / motor-racing) … Individual sports like (running / swimming / athletics) … are not for me, so I chose a team sport because I think it is much more (fun to do / entertaining / dynamic / competitive / fast-moving / exciting) ...

What sports do you do?

I have been (riding horses / fencing / playing water polo ) … since I was (five/six/seven) … Sport is my life, so I do several sports in my free time: I go (skating / skiing / snowboarding) … in winter and I go (rollerblading / rock climbing / scuba diving) … in summer. I’m not so fond of doing sports because I’m a bit lazy, but I sometimes (go jogging / work out / go swimming) … if I feel like it.

What kinds of sports activities do you do in your school?

In P.E. lessons we (usually / sometimes) ... (begin with warm up exercises / do gymnastics / play football/volleyball / have to do somersaults) ... Fortunately, there are plenty of possibilities to do sports in my school besides the P.E. lessons. We have several sports teams and the school organises a (ski / water sport / handball / football) ... camp every year too. My school has a great (handball / volleyball / basketball) … team, and I’m a member of the school’s (floor ball / athletics / karate / judo) … team.

Have you ever been to a sports event? What was it like?

I’m a great (fan / supporter) ... of the local (football / basketball / ice-hockey) … team, and I try to go to every match they play. Once my friend persuaded me to go and watch a (car/motor race / tennis match / golf tournament / basketball game / handball match) … with him / her, and/but (I just loved it / I didn’t like it at all because it was boring / it was very hot/cold there / the atmosphere was fantastic / it was thrilling) ... I’m a member of the local (pentathlon / rugby / gymnastics / shooting / weight-lifting / synchronized swimming) … team, and we have a (match / race / competition / championship) … every (week / weekend / month) … I’ve never been to a sports event because (I’m not interested in other people doing sports) ...

What sports events do you like watching on TV?

I don’t really like watching sports, I prefer (practising / doing / playing) ... them. I wouldn’t miss the (Sunday / regular / live) … transmissions of (the football European/World Cup / the matches of my favourite basketball team / the Summer/Winter Olympic Games) … for anything. I usually watch only the sports roundup in the evening news because I can’t sit in front of the TV for hours watching a (car/motor race / football match) … 109

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CONVERSATION

7/4 HOW OFTEN DO YOU READ / WATCH TV / LISTEN TO THE RADIO / USE THE COMPUTER? What do you like reading?

Most of the time I read (modern novels / jokes / short stories / classic dramas / poems / fashion magazines) ... because I find them (exciting / fascinating / interesting / breath-taking) ... I like reading novels by (John Grisham) ... because I like the way he (builds up the story line / explores and forms characters / creates tension and suspense) ... I don’t really like reading, I just read (the compulsory books for school / the jokes in the newspaper / some comics / the sports news in the daily paper) ...

When do you listen to the radio? Do you have a favourite programme?

I almost never listen to the radio, just when I (am in the car / wake up to the sound of the radio alarm / catch the request show) ... I listen to the radio whenever I can, and I have lots of favourite programmes such as the (morning wake-up programme / request show / news / weather forecast / interviews) ... on (Juventus / Class FM / Music FM / Petôfi) radio ... I don’t listen to the radio a lot, but my father is a (taxi driver / truck driver) ..., and he listens to the radio all day long to get the latest on (weather information / road constructions / road accidents) ...

Do you watch TV a lot? Do you have a favourite series, programme or channel?

I watch TV all the time because I like to watch the (quiz shows / series / football matches / films) ... I have several favourite channels, for example (the news channel CNN / the sports channel Sport 1 / HBO which shows brand new films / Travel which takes me everywhere / the documentary channel Discovery) ... I don’t watch TV a lot because (I don’t think the programmes are very good / I’m not interested in it / I don’t have time for it) ...

Do you have a DVD/video recorder at home? Do you know how to use it?

We have a very old video recorder, but (it is in my parents’ room / I don’t know how to use it / I have never recorded anything with it / it doesn ‘t work any more) ... Nowadays we use our DVD player more often. I’ve worked out how to (start / set / use) ... the DVD / video recorder so I always record (films / matches / concerts / music clips) ... when I (can’t watch them / want to watch them several times)... I have hundreds of DVDs / video cassettes at home with (films / every episode of Friends / documentaries about dolphins) ..., and I watch them again whenever I can.

Do you have a computer at home? Do you sit in front of it a lot?

We have a computer at home but it is in my parents’ room so (I can only use it in the afternoon / I can’t play computer games on it / I can only use it for doing homework) ... We have a modern computer at home with (sound and video cards / great computer games / internet access / quite a big monitor) ... I usually spend a lot of time sitting in front of the computer (playing computer games / surfing the internet / chatting with my friends / writing emails / doing research for my homework) ...

7/5 HOW DO THE INTERNET AND RELATED DEVICES AFFECT OUR SOCIAL LIFE? WHAT DO YOU DO IN THE VIRTUAL WORLD? What do you use the internet for in your social life? How do you stay in touch with friends?

I have a (smart phone / PDA / tablet / laptop)… and I am constantly online to be able to stay in touch with my friends. Well, I actually like to (chat with my friends on social network sites / talk to my foreign friends on Skype / post on our school website / write little essays on my blog / upload pictures to Facebook / write emails to my friends / notify my teachers when I’m sick and miss school / receive school grades on the internet / look for former schoolmates and acquaintances / create favourites lists / sign up for newsletters / create interest groups / poke, post, tag, link, like, do basically anything on Facebook / check out the news feeds of my friends)… and I think it’s a great platform to (meet friends / talk about our ideas / keep in contact with those who live far from us / keep ourselves informed about everything / stay in touch with remote

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CONVERSATION

acquaintances / find people who have similar interest or beliefs / reunite lost family members)… I don’t really use the internet, I prefer (talking to my friends in person / calling people rather than sending them messages on the internet / watching films on TV or at the cinema rather than online)… I use the old-fashioned ways and I would rather (call and meet them / spend time with them at home or in the park / go out with them)…. because I prefer personal contact instead doing it behind a faceless computer monitor. How can you enjoy the arts or pursue a hobby over the internet?

We can (watch films or series / read e-books / watch exhibitions / browse e-libraries / follow TV channels or radio stations)… online nowadays. Even if we can’t see the actual acts we can (enquire about theatre programmes / read reviews / buy tickets / check out advertisements)… on the internet. In the case of particular hobbies we can (read about them / join forums and chat with others / get to know others who do the same / exchange ideas)… which is always nice.

Why is this technical advancement beneficial for us?

I think it’s a lot easier to (communicate with others / find our long lost friends / keep up-to-date with our friends’ lives)… now with (all the mobile phones / social networks / Facebook)…. Nowadays we can (notify somebody / fix a date with someone / make an appointment / enquire about virtually anything / gather data / get more information about something)… a lot quicker and I think it’s important in our fast-paced world.

What are the dangers of using so much technology in our everyday social life?

It makes things such as (film piracy / spreading hatred / bullying)… easier because it’s not fully controlled. People can be (deceived by false information / fooled by a false identity on social network pages or on dating websites / harassed by strangers)… on the internet. We can build a virtual world up around us until we notice that we (are in fact alone / are lonely / are fooling ourselves / are not capable of personal interaction anymore / are ruining our real relationships / are influenced by superficial values / are giving out personal information about ourselves / lose all privacy)…

7/6 WHAT KINDS OF (CULTURAL) EVENTS ARE ORGANISED IN YOUR HOME TOWN? What kinds of events take place during the summer?

Our town offers a big variety of (concerts / street festivals / folklore festivals / car/dog beauty contests) … in the summer. There is no summer without (theatrical and dance performances / scientific and educational lectures / arts and crafts fairs / wine days) … The (summer / wine / harvest) … festival (entertains / attracts / provides) … (the town’s inhabitants / a lot of tourists / non-stop entertainment) …

What events take place in winter?

There are (dance house parties / traditional crafts workshops / puppet shows / children’s programmes) … in winter. A unique event every winter is the traditional (Christmas fair / Christmas concert) …

Where do these events take place?

Every year when (the traditional Christmas fair / the summer street parade) … takes place, the (streets / squares / restaurants) … are filled with people. The (Community Centre / Town Hall) ... holds (scientific lectures / salsa lessons / exhibitions / training sessions) … (The town’s new stadium / Our school / The town centre) … is an ideal place for (concerts / tournaments / exhibitions / matches) …

What is the aim of these events?

The (choir festival / folk dance competition) … (serves / strengthens / promotes) … (entertainment / education / cooperation) ... with/between (towns / countries / villages / peoples) …

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CONVERSATION

Events such as (choir competitions / international music festivals) … have an important role in making … (folk dance / rock music / choir music / classical music) … more popular. Organising (fairs / concerts / charity balls / wine tastings / workshops) … is an effective way to (attract more tourists / educate children / promote local products) … Which is the most outstanding event?

The most successful event(s) is/are (the annual Royal Days / the street parade in May) … Everyone is interested in (the annual concert of the local band / live performances of the folk dance groups) ... A lot of people (visit / watch / listen to) ... the (fireworks / gala) … which (follows / concludes) … the (week long festivities / main event / competition) ...

7/7 WHAT DO YOU THINK OF THE AMATEUR ARTS? DO YOU DO ANY? Do you have amateur arts clubs in your school or community centre? Are you a member of any of them?

We have some amateur art classes at school, we can (sculpt / embroider / paint / make music / dance)… and we have a (drama group / photo club / stand-up comedy group)… as well. We have a great community centre in town where people can learn all sorts of stuff such as (painting / modern dance / pottery / home decorating / making jewels)…. I’m member of the (photo / dance / theatre)… club in (my school / the local community centre)…. and I (have a lot of fun there / learn a lot / go there once a week / made great friends there / enjoy the classes very much)…. I’m not part of any clubs or groups because (I’m not particularly creative / I don’t have time for that / I’d rather do stuff alone at home)…

Have you ever taken active part in any cultural events?

I’ve never taken part actively in a cultural event because (I’m not a creative person / I’m not interested in it / I don’t have that much free time)… Once I (painted some pictures / took some photos / made some jewels / danced)… at (a town fair / my school’s annual arts event / the festivities in my village)… and (I enjoyed it very much / it was a great experience / I had lots of fun although it was very tiring)…

What sort of arts are especially appealing to teenagers and young people?

I think young people like (dancing / taking photos / theatre groups / certain public arts such as graffiti / making music)… very much. It always surprises me how popular (classical music / theatre / concerts / festivals / craft fairs)… are nowadays among young people. It’s amazing how many young people attend and actively contribute to (town or village fairs and festivals / school events / art exhibitions)….

Is there anything that you would really like to try but so far have not had the opportunity?

One day I’d really like to (learn ballroom dance / learn how to take professional photos / paint / learn sewing / play the piano).. but so far I haven’t had the/a (time / energy / opportunity / money / partner)… for that. Well, I always wanted to (learn wood carving / do sculpting / learn flowerarranging / do origami)… so I (went to the local community centre / enquired about courses in my town / enrolled on a course)… last month and I (enjoy it very much / can already do some stuff / have already learned a lot)… Currently there’s nothing I’d like to learn but (that may change soon / I may find something exciting in the near future)…

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SITUATIONS

7/1 CHOOSE AFTERNOON ACTIVITIES You have found a newspaper advertisement which offers three afternoon activities in the community centre. Call the community centre assistant (played by the examiner) and ask for more information about the activities. Choose one and give reasons for your choice. l l l l

time of the course location what to take with you costs.

Start by calling the assistant. 7/2 DECIDE WHETHER TO WATCH A FILM AT HOME OR IN THE CINEMA It’s Friday evening. You and your friend (played by the examiner) are thinking about what to do tonight. The choice is: staying at home and watching TV or going to the cinema. Look at the TV and cinema programmes and decide what to do and what to watch. l l l l

programmes they offer atmosphere & experience comfort costs.

Start by asking your friend what he / she wants to do tonight.

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7/3 ASK FOR PERMISSION TO GO TO A CONCERT Next month a Red Hot Chili Peppers / Bruno Mars concert will take place in the Budapest Sport Arena. You would very much like to go there with your friends. Persuade your mother/father (played by the examiner) to let you go and give you money for the ticket. Mention the following things: l l l l

the price of the ticket (9,600 Ft) could be your birthday present travelling together, staying at your friend’s once in a lifetime experience.

Start by telling your mother / father that you would like to ask a big favour. 7/4 CHOOSE A SPORTS EVENT TO ATTEND You are a big sports fan. The European Water Polo Championship Finals (with the Hungarian team) and the Formula 1 race both take place on the same weekend in Hungary. You would like to go to one of them. Choose one and convince your friend (played by the examiner) to go with you. Include the following ideas: l type of championship l atmosphere (participants & audience) l costs.

Start by telling your friend that you want to go to a sports event but you can’t decide to which one. 7/5 TAKE UP A SPORT You would like to take up a sport. Consider the possibilities on the basis of the following ideas with your mother / father (played by the examiner) and choose one from the pictures below. l safety l company l costs.

Start by telling your mother / father that you would like to take up a sport. 114

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7/6 GET INFORMATION ABOUT A THEATRE PLAY Look at the advertisement and book four tickets for the second day of the performance. When booking, get information about the following things: l l l l l

the actors, the director the price and how to pay for the tickets. the seats (4 seats next to each other) the length of the play the acts / intervals.

Start by greeting the ticket seller (played by the examiner). 7/7 CHOOSE A BOOK You finished your English course with flying colours. As a reward you can choose one of the following books. Discuss the options with your teacher (played by the examiner) and decide which one to choose. Start by greeting your teacher.

7/8 PERSUADE A FRIEND TO GO TO CSESZNEK WITH YOU You are planning to go to Csesznek on 20th August to see the performance of “István a Király”. You want to spend the whole day there. Persuade your friend (played by the examiner) to go with you. Tell him / her how much fun it will be. Use the following arguments: l excellent performance and cast l castle ruins / pleasant village l pubs / restaurants / picnic l incredible atmosphere / fireworks display.

Start by asking your friend to go with you to Csesznek.

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7/1 CHOOSE AFTERNOON ACTIVITIES A – Hello. I’m … . B – Hello. Community Centre, … speaking. A – I’m calling regarding the newspaper article. B – How can I help you? A – I’d like to enrol on one of the courses and I’d like to get some more information about them. B – Sure! What would you like to know? A – When do you have these activities? When’s the dance course? B – It’s on Mondays and Wednesdays in the evening. A – OK. What about the pottery course? B – That’s on Friday afternoons. A – And the karate? B – Tuesdays and Thursdays in the evening. A – All right. Are all of them organised in the community centre? B – Yes, all of them are. The dance is in the ballroom, the pottery course in the crafts room and the karate in the sports hall. A – That’s fine. Do I need to bring anything to the courses? B – You’ll need dance shoes if you choose that one, and a karate suit if you decide on that, but you don’t need to bring anything to the pottery course. A – How about the costs? How much do these classes cost? B – The dance class and the pottery class cost the same, 1,500 forints, but the karate class is a bit more expensive. A – OK. Thank you. I don’t think I can make it to the pottery class as it’s too early in the afternoon, so I’m thinking of choosing the dance class. Will I need to bring a partner with me? B – No, other people will come alone too. We’ll find you a partner there. You don’t need to worry about that. A – Fantastic! Thank you. B – You’re welcome. Is there anything else I can help you with? A – When do I need to enrol in the course? B – It starts next Monday. A – All right. Thanks for the information. Bye. B – Bye. 7/2 DECIDE WHETHER TO WATCH A FILM AT HOME OR IN THE CINEMA A – What shall we do tonight? B – I don’t know. What do you suggest? A – Well, we could either stay at home and watch something on TV or go out and check out a movie. B – OK, then let’s look at the TV programme first. A – Right. It looks as though some good films are on: Spiderman and Robin Hood, for example. B – Is this Robin Hood the one with Kevin Costner? It’s not bad but I’ve seen it at least a hundred times. A – Me too. How about Spiderman then? B – I’m not really interested in that one either. A – OK. Let me see. We also have 50 First Dates or a handball game. B – 50 First Dates? I don’t particularly like Adam Sandler so let’s skip that. The handball game sounds OK for me. Who’s playing? A – Veszprém against Ciudad Real. That should be great! B – Yes, you’re right. What about the cinema? A – Well, to be honest these films don’t really look very interesting to me. I mean what sort of films are these? Star Wars? That’s an ancient story! And Boyhood? What’s that? I’ve never heard of it! B – Come on! We could have a great time! I’m sure there’ll be a lot of people watching such a classic as Star Wars! A – Are you serious about that? B – Why not? It should be great! The atmosphere is always better in the cinema. And we could watch it on the big screen with digital surround sound. A – So are you suggesting that we go out? B – Yes, I think we should. A – Do you have money for the tickets? B – I’ll treat you. I’ll even buy you popcorn. A – And I was hoping I could watch the handball game in my comfortable chair. B – Cinema seats are also comfortable. Come on! A – OK, fine. Let’s go.

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7/3 ASK FOR PERMISSION TO GO TO A CONCERT A – Hey Mum / Dad! I’d like to ask you a huge favour. B – What is it? A – You know, there is a concert next month in Budapest and I’d really like to go. B – What? A concert? A – Yes, and it’s really a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. B – Who’s coming here? Madonna? A – No, it’s Bruno Mars! And it would be great to see him live in concert. B – How do you want to pay for the ticket? A – I thought it would be great if you could buy it for my birthday. And I don’t want anything else, only the ticket. B – How much is it? A – Well, it’s 9,600 forints. But it’s for a great place quite close to the stage! B – But it’s so expensive! A – I know, but really Mum / Dad, please! B – And how would you get to Budapest? A – By public transport. I have already checked that there is a bus to Népliget in the afternoon, we’ll take tram number 1 to the Arena and then we’ll come home by train from the Eastern Train Station. B – When does the train leave from there? A – It leaves at 11.30 p.m. B – That’s very late. So you wouldn’t go alone, would you? A – No, my best friend would come with me. She likes Bruno Mars, too. B – How will you get home from the train? A – I’m invited to sleep at my friend’s house. B – I see. You’ve already planned everything. A – I have. Can I go to this concert then? B – OK. You can. A – Thanks Mum / Dad. You’re the best! B – Sure! 7/4 CHOOSE A SPORTS EVENT TO ATTEND A – Hey … ! B – Hey … ! What’s up? A – I’ve just seen some awesome sports event ads in the newspaper! Did you know that we’re hosting the European Water Polo Championship this summer? B – Really? A – Yes! And we have the usual Formula 1 race too. B – I know that one. A – I say we should go this year. B – To which one? A – It would be great to go to both, but they are on the same weekend. B – What a pity! So we have to choose. A – Yes. What do you think? Formula 1 or water polo? B – Well, I like both. The water polo championships are longer, we could watch a few games in the preliminary rounds and go to the Formula 1 race on Sunday. A – Well, I’m actually more interested in the finals and I don’t think we can afford to go to all of them. B – You’re probably right. A – I know it’s not easy to choose. B – So where shall we go? Shall we check out the best cars in the world? Listen to the engines roaring? That could be fantastic! A – Oh yes, that would be great, but I was thinking that we should go to the water polo finals. B – Why? A – Because we have an awesome team and everyone says that we could win it. Can you imagine what sort of an atmosphere it will have when thousands of people are cheering for Hungary? B – OK, you’ve convinced me. A – And I know that water polo fans are among the best supporters in Hungary. I’m sure they will provide a great show. B – Cool! So where do they sell the tickets? A – They start selling them next week. Shall we meet at the ticket office on Monday? B – That’s great! I’m already excited! A – Me too! It’ll be fantastic! 117

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7/5 TAKE UP A SPORT A - Hi Dad / Mum! Guess what, I’ve decided to take up a sport! B – Wow, unbelievable! You’ve always been somewhat lazy and you’ve never done anything apart from the PE lessons. A – Yes, but everyone in the class does sports and I would like to do something, too. B – What are you waiting for then? A – I’m not sure which sport to choose. I need your advice. B – What are your choices? A – There are three possibilities I’ve heard of. One of them is parachuting. B – What? Are you out of your mind? That’s very dangerous. A – Yes, but there is a very good instructor so I would be perfectly safe. B – Forget it! It must be very expensive. A – A jump costs 25,000 forints. B – Oh, my god! What about the equipment? A – I wouldn’t have to buy anything because they provide everything. B – What about the other two? A – There is a new chess club I could join. B – Are you kidding? Chess has nothing to do with physical exercise. A – Yes, that’s true, but at least it’s not dangerous and the company is great. I even have a chess board, so it wouldn’t cost a penny. B – What is the third sport you have thought of? A – Football. But there is a membership fee for the football club. B – How much is it? A – 5,000 forints a month. B – That’s a nice sum, but I can afford to pay it for you. Which one would you like to take up then? A – I think I’ll choose football if you can pay the fee. I have several friends in the team and it’s good physical exercise. B – OK. Good choice. A – Thank you, Dad / Mum. 7/6 GET INFORMATION ABOUT A THEATRE PLAY A – Good afternoon. B – Good afternoon. Keystone Theatre. How can I help you? A – I would like to inquire about your Hamlet performance. Could you tell me who directed the play? B – Kenneth Brannagh, and the actors are also award winning artists. A – Wow, that’s great. Who plays Hamlet? B – Joseph Fiennes. It’s a special guest performance. A – It sounds terrific. When is the next performance? B – There are only two performances. The first one is on 20th January and the second one is on the following day. A – I’d like to have four tickets for the performance on 21st, please. B – Where would you like to sit? A – I would like to have four seats next to each other on the balcony. B – There aren’t many left, I’m afraid. I can give you four seats in the stalls, but the view from there is not very good. A – OK, no problem, I will take those. How much are they? B – They’re £9 each, so that’ll be £36 all together. What name please? A – Frank Gauci. B – Pardon? Could you spell your last name? A – G-A-U-C-I. How can I pay? B – You can pick your tickets up at the ticket office from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. every day, and you can pay in cash or by credit card. A – Oh, one more thing. How long is the play? B – It’s quite long, it takes three hours. A – Oh, dear. How many acts are there? B – There are three acts and two intervals. A – OK, thank you very much. B – You’re welcome. Bye. A – Bye.

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7/7 CHOOSE A BOOK A – Hello, Mr/Ms . . . . How are you? I was wondering whether I could see my end-term test results. B – Hello, . . . . I’m glad you’ve come to see me. I wanted to call you anyway because it seems that you finished the course with flying colours. You got great results in the test, so the school has decided to reward you with a book. A – That’s fantastic. Thanks a lot. What book will I get? B – You can choose one of these three. A – Oh, I see. I know Jamie Oliver, he has great TV shows about cooking, but I’m not so keen on cooking, so I don’t think I’ll have that one. B – What about this encyclopaedia about Formula 1 races? A – Well, I’m interested in motor racing, and there must be some beautiful photos about the races as well, but I would like to have something that I could read on the beach in the summer. I don’t want to take a heavy album with me. B – Well, then I think this one by Cooper would be the best. A – Wow, The Last of the Mohicans. I’ve read it in Hungarian, and I liked it very much. I like adventure books and American Indian stories a lot. It must be great to read it in the original language. By the way, is the vocabulary very complicated in it? B – No, I think it’s a great story, with great language, and you could improve your vocabulary even more. A – All right, then I think I’ll choose the novel. Thank you very much. B – It’s a great choice. You’re welcome and congratulations on your results. A – Thanks. Bye. B – Bye.

7/8 PERSUADE A FRIEND TO GO TO CSESZNEK WITH YOU A – Hi! Guess where I’m going to celebrate 20th August this year! B – I don’t know. Where? A – In Csesznek! B – And why is that so interesting? Where is it? A – Haven’t you heard of this little village? It’s in the Bakony hills. Each year the King Stephen (István a Király) rock opera is performed by great actors live on stage there. Usually some people from the original cast are there as well. B – Are you going? A – Yes, I am. Would you like to come? B – Only to watch a rock opera? No, I don’t think so. A – But it’s not only the rock opera. It’s an experience you definitely shouldn’t miss. B – Why? A – Some of us have already agreed that we would go there in the morning. We could spend the whole day there. We could have fun! B – What would we do? A – Well, first we could visit the castle ruins. The ruins and view from the top of the hill are breathtaking. B – That’s all? A – No, of course, not. We could have lunch in one of the local restaurants. Later we could have a look at the village. We could just take a walk there. B – When does the performance start? A – It starts at 8 p.m. It lasts until about 11 o’clock. B – Is it so long? A – Yes, but the best part is that we are going to be in an open-air theatre and we are going to sit on bundles of straw. B – And why is that so good? A – Because we can have a picnic during the performance. And it has such a great atmosphere. More than ten thousand people gather to watch the opera each year. B – Really? A – Yes, and after the performance the actors sing the national anthem and there is a beautiful firework display. B – Sounds good. A – Yes, absolutely. We could go by car. I have already talked to a friend of mine who would take us. So, would you like to come? B – OK. Let’s go. A – Good. It’ll be fantastic. You’ll see. B – Yes. Thanks for inviting me. A – You’re welcome. 119

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7/1 HOBBIES These pictures show different hobbies. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

hobbies people have the characteristic features of these hobbies reasons why people take up hobbies your hobby and why you enjoy it.

7/2 CULTURAL EVENTS These pictures show various cultural events. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

places people go to for entertainment similarities and differences between these forms of entertainment cultural events in your home town your last visit to a museum.

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7/3 FAMILY ENTERTAINMENT These pictures show some ways in which a family can have fun together. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

relaxing activities families usually do places / facilities for entertainment in your area why it is important for the family to spend time together what you and your family usually do together.

7/4 SPORTS These pictures show individual and team sports. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

sports that are done in teams or individually why people choose either individual or team sports popular and successful sports in Hungary sports you do in your school and in your free time.

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7/5 FREE TIME ACTIVITIES These pictures show different free time activities. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

common free time activities advantages and disadvantages of these activities other ways in which people spend their free time what you do in your spare time.

7/6 TECHNOLOGY AND FREE TIME These pictures show new ways of spending your free time and interacting with others. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the role of technology in our social lives the old way of doing these activities the advantages and disadvantages of both ways what your social life looks like.

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7/1 HOBBIES There are several ways to spend our free time meaningfully. Some people prefer to take up sports and other active hobbies, while others like creative hobbies such as pottery, painting, sculpting, photography, sewing or knitting. Free time activities such as reading, going to the theatre, cinema, a concert or exhibitions, watching TV or doing crosswords are rather intellectual and they don’t take much creativity. Some hobbies require a lot of money so only a few people can afford them, for example, motor racing, sailing, photography, skiing or collecting coins. Teenagers usually take up less expensive pastimes such as jogging, going to the cinema or playing sports because they are more affordable. Most sports are done outdoors or in gyms. The less active hobbies usually take place indoors at home, at a community centre, a cinema, a theatre, a concert hall or an exhibition hall. Some activities are practised alone such as reading, sewing, knitting, sculpting and painting because they require privacy and concentration, while other pastimes are better done with friends. There are many reasons why people choose to take up a particular hobby. Some hobbies attract people because they require creativity, some because they are more energetic, whilst others are chosen because they are fashionable. People take a lot of things into consideration such as what is required in terms of time, money and the possible benefits, for example, how much it will help them to relax. I have tried several hobbies so far, including folk dancing, singing in the choir, playing the piano, drawing, swimming, karate, playing the guitar. Right now I play volleyball twice a week and I attend a drama group, too, which is very exciting and also very challenging. I would like to continue drawing but for the time being I have to study a lot for school, so I don’t really have time for any more hobbies. 7/2 CULTURAL EVENTS After sitting indoors all day at school or at work people like going out. On Friday or Saturday nights they often go to the disco or to a pub. Sometimes they go to a concert. Going to the theatre or to an exhibition is a bit more serious but a lot of people like to do this. Going to the theatre can be a wonderful experience. If you are sitting close to the stage, you are almost face-toface with the actors and actresses. You need to get the tickets in advance, and if you read the plot beforehand, it will make your theatre experience much more enjoyable. There are some rules you have to keep in mind if you go to the theatre. You must turn off your cell phone and dress appropriately. Talking during the performance or singing along with the play can be very annoying for others. There aren’t so many dos and don’ts if you go to a concert, especially if it is a pop or a rock concert. You can scream, shout and sing along with the show. Seeing your favourite singer live can be an unforgettable experience. If you go to an exhibition, you don’t need to buy the tickets beforehand. You just walk around and enjoy the beautiful paintings, drawings, sculptures or other exhibits, but large crowds of visitors can spoil your visit. My home town offers a lot of entertainment opportunities such as going to the theatre, concerts or exhibitions. Our theatre is very famous all over the country, and its performances are of a high standard. The theatrical company consists of well-known actors and actresses who always give their best. I especially like the musicals there. There is also a wide variety of concerts to choose from. During the year there are several festivals and events and a lot of concerts. A few years ago I visited the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest with my class. We saw the exhibition: “Monet and his friends”. It was a very big art event in Hungary. The exhibition presented famous paintings by Monet and his contemporaries. The paintings followed a special thematic order. I even bought some postcards of Monet paintings as a souvenir. 7/3 FAMILY ENTERTAINMENT There are a lot of relaxing and entertaining activities families can do, both outdoors and indoors. If they stay at home, they can play cards, board games or watch DVDs. If they want to enjoy the fresh air, they might go fishing, hiking or walking. They can also go to the zoo, to the circus, to the fun fair or to an aqua park. Our town offers a lot of entertainment facilities. There is a swimming pool, a sports centre, a cinema, a theatre, a library, a football pitch and a bowling club. There is also a zoo in the nearby town of Veszprém, which attracts a lot of families with small children. It’s worth visiting because children can see a wide variety of animals and even stroke and feed them in the petting zoo. Circuses usually travel around the country so there are many places where you can find them especially in spring and summer. I think it is very important for a family to spend some time together especially nowadays when everybody is busy and running somewhere. When a family is together, they can have fun, talk to each other and play games. They can also share experiences and adventures. Children usually enjoy it very much when parents take them to the zoo or to a funfair. I think I can consider myself lucky because my parents took me to a lot of places such as zoos and funfairs when I was young. We also spent a lot of time together at home playing board games or cards. I always enjoyed these games and we had a lot of fun playing them. 123

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7/4 SPORTS There are many different types of sports, some of them are done individually, others in teams. Most ball games, such as football, handball, basketball, baseball, volleyball, rugby or ice- and field hockey are done in teams. Others, such as swimming, athletics, skiing, combat sports and tennis, are done individually. Some people like to be part of a team. They like the feeling that they can rely on others, that when they win or lose they do it together. Those people would probably do team sports. Others like to achieve results alone, so if anything goes wrong they can only blame themselves. Some of them feel that they don’t want to depend on others. They would most probably do individual sports. It also happens sometimes that a person simply likes a particular sport or it is a family tradition and they start doing it regardless of their personality. Hungary has some very popular and successful sports. Football is probably the most popular, although we are not particularly successful in it at the moment. Lots of people like handball and water sports such as swimming or water polo. Events draw huge crowds when the national team or athletes are competing in these sports. We also have great gymnasts and boxers and we have had huge successes in the kayaking and canoeing too. My school has an indoor and an outdoor sports field. We usually do gymnastics inside or we use the weights and other machines, and we play basketball or indoor football. We can also play football outside, or do athletics when the weather is fine. We have access to the town swimming pool and the ice rink once a week. We are very lucky that we can use them; we have had some great times there. I like handball the most, I go to training once a week in the community centre. I play with friends there and this year we participated in the town championship. We had lots of fun.

7/5 FREE TIME ACTIVITIES The most common free time activities are probably reading, watching TV or movies, listening to music, surfing the net, playing video or computer games, spending time with family, hanging out with friends or playing with our pets. At least these are the ones most people will list when they are asked what they do in their free time. People have different opinions about these activities, a lot of them would say that watching TV or surfing the net or playing video or computer games are not good for young people; they should move around or be around people more instead of spending their time alone sitting in front of some monitor. At the same time if you are watching documentaries or doing research for school topics on the net, or playing strategy games you can learn a lot and you can also improve certain skills, so they can actually be quite beneficial. Being active and spending time with people around us is always good, although when you just hang out with them or go out with them all the time you might have the feeling that in fact you are not doing anything. Some hobbies or free time activities can be quite useful. For example, if you like knitting, sewing or DIY stuff you can make clothes or fix things in your home. If you like reading or antiques you can become highly educated about literature and arts. If you like gardening or cooking you will be able to grow your own food or cook varied and tasty meals for yourself. There are lots of useful activities that can be hobbies for some people and they can benefit from them a lot. I usually do lots of things in my free time depending on my mood. Sometimes I read, sometimes I listen to music, or I call my friends and we go down to the nearby park to talk. I also like gardening so each year I cultivate a small part of our garden where I grow herbs and certain vegetables for myself. I enjoy working there a lot.

7/6 TECHNOLOGY AND FREE TIME Nowadays technology plays a great part in every segment of our life. When we interact or spend time with others it’s common that we do it with the help of some device. For example, we talk to our friends or family over the phone, or over Skype, or by chatting with them on Facebook or other social networks on the internet. When we play with others we can do that online too, we don’t have to sit with them in the same room. When we train or dance we don’t have to go to fitness clubs or discos, we can use particular home video game or fitness consoles and do these activities alone. In the old days all these would have been impossible. When we wanted to talk to someone or play with somone we had to be in the same place as them and do it face to face. We usually went out when we wanted to train in a fitness club and we went to dance halls or discos to dance. Technological improvements are great, they help our lives in a lot of ways, and these devices help us stay in contact with others but they are not always beneficial. We lose our personal contact with other people when we always have some device between us. We don’t talk to people face to face anymore. We don’t go out to enjoy other people’s company anymore because we can do all of these things sitting alone at home. In the long run people will have to find a way to combine these methods effectively so that they do not get completely isolated. I have lots of friends and I also have a Facebook account and a smart phone but I only use them for contacting people and fixing dates with them. I like to meet them and go out somewhere with them. I like personal interaction because I can see their faces and their reactions instantly. We don’t have to use emoticons in face to face interactions. 124

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7 ENTERTAINMENT HOBBIES spare time take up a hobby give up a hobby play cards / chess / board games play the guitar / the piano / the flute practise join a club collect have a ... collection stamp coin card poster beer mat napkin postcard calendar model railway build models draw do handicrafts sewing knitting beadwork pottery wood carving do crossword puzzles surf the net build a website blog / write a blog take photographs do some gardening hike go fishing go to dance classes go running / jogging work out

szabadidô elkezd egy hobbit abbahagy egy hobbit kártyázik / sakkozik / társasozik gitározik / zongorázik / furulyázik gyakorol csatlakozik egy klubhoz gyûjt van egy … gyûjteménye bélyeg érme kártya poszter söralátét szalvéta képeslap naptár modellvasút maketteket készít rajzol kézmûveskedik varrás kötés gyöngyfûzés agyagozás fafaragás keresztrejtvényt fejt szörfözik a neten weboldalt készít blogol fotókat készít kertészkedik gyalogtúrázik horgászni jár táncórákra jár futni / kocogni jár edz, kondizik

CINEMA multiplex cinema art cinema book a ticket in advance ticket office audience premiere film poster trailer / preview storyline / plot be set in director cameraman star in a film cast leading / supporting role extra stunt scene

multiplex mozi mûvészmozi elôvételben jegyet vált jegypénztár közönség premier filmplakát filmelôzetes történet vhol játszódik rendezô operatôr fôszerepet játszik szereposztás fô- / mellékszerep statiszta kaszkadôr jelenet

WORD LIST box office hit silent film black and white film animated film action film adventure film comedy romance romcom gangster film historical film science fiction film war film documentary film biographical film detective film disaster film fantasy film thriller cartoon subtitled dubbed well-acted / -directed special effects digital surround sound 3D movie twists and turns clichéd action-packed thrilling frightening violent light-hearted humorous witty amusing sentimental moving optimistic pessimistic dull / boring confusing

kasszasiker némafilm fekete-fehér film animációs film akciófilm kalandfilm vígjáték szerelmi történet romantikus vígjáték gengszter film történelmi film tudományos-fantasztikus film háborús film dokumentumfilm életrajzi film bûnügyi film katasztrófafilm fantáziafilm thriller rajzfilm feliratos szinkronizált jól elôadott / jól rendezett speciális effektusok digitális hanghatás 3 dimenziós mozifilm csavarok és fordulatok klisékkel teli akciódús, eseménydús izgalmas ijesztô erôszakos könnyed humoros szellemes szórakoztató szentimentális megható optimista pesszimista unalmas zavaros

THEATRE foyer cloakroom auditorium stalls box balcony row usherette the curtain rises / falls stage prompter a two-act play interval actor / actress

elôcsarnok ruhatár színházterem zsöllye páholy erkély széksor jegyszedônô a függöny felmegy / legördül színpad súgó kétfelvonásos darab szünet színész / -nô

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7 ENTERTAINMENT comedian choreographer ballet dancer applaud applause bow theatre season ticket

komikus koreográfus balett táncos tapsol taps meghajol színházbérlet

CONCERT orchestra / band conductor composer pianist violinist guitarist drummer saxophonist play the piano / violin / guitar backing singer choir

zenekar karmester zeneszerzô zongorista hegedûs gitáros dobos szaxofonos zongorán / hegedûn / gitáron játszik háttérénekes kórus

EXHIBITION classical art modern art collection sculpture statue painting Museum of Fine Arts National Gallery Hall of Art Museum of Applied Arts National Museum History Museum House of Terror Palace of Wonders memorial house SPORTS do / play / pursue a sport take up / give up a sport be in the school … team go to training sessions indoor sport outdoor sport professional sport amateur sport popular sport top sport team sport individual sport combat sport spectator sport gym football pitch basketball court / game handball court / match

klasszikus mûvészet modern mûvészet gyûjtemény szobor (kisebb méretû) szobor (nagyobb méretû, gyakran köztéri) festmény Szépmûvészeti Múzeum Nemzeti Galéria Mûcsarnok Iparmûvészeti Múzeum Nemzeti Múzeum Történeti Múzeum A Terror Háza Csodák Palotája emlékház sportol elkezd / abbahagy egy sportot az iskolai … csapat tagja edzésre jár teremsport szabadtéri sport profi sport amatôrsport tömegsport élsport csapatsport egyéni sport küzdôsport közönségsport edzôterem futballpálya kosárlabda pálya / meccs kézilabda pálya / meccs

WORD LIST tennis court ice-rink ski-slope swimming pool / competition athletics field race track boxing ring stadium sports hall athlete trainer / coach referee spectator supporter competitor championship tournament Summer / Winter Olympic Games take part in a competition qualification quarter- / semi-final beat the record score (a goal) score a point be in the lead win come second end in a draw

teniszpálya jégpálya sípálya uszoda / úszóverseny atlétika pálya versenypálya box ring stadion sportcsarnok atléta, sportoló edzô bíró nézô szurkoló versenyzô bajnokság torna, verseny Nyári / Téli Olimpiai Játékok részt vesz egy versenyen selejtezô negyed- / elôdöntô rekordot dönt gólt lô pontot szerez vezet nyer, gyôz másodikként végez döntetlennel végzôdik

READING bookworm library ticket reading room borrow / return a book novel crime novel romance sci-fi and fantasy novels short story diary biography encyclopaedia set book quality paper tabloid paper daily / weekly / monthly paper magazine section home / foreign / business / cultural / sports news article headline small / classified ads comic strip

könyvmoly olvasójegy olvasóterem kikölcsönöz / visszavisz egy könyvet regény krimi szerelmi történet sci-fi és fantasy regények novella napló életrajz enciklopédia kötelezô olvasmány minôségi sajtó bulvárlap napi- / heti- / havilap képes magazin rovat belföldi / külföldi / üzleti / kulturális / sporthírek újságcikk fôcím (cikké) apróhirdetés képregénycsík

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7 ENTERTAINMENT TELEVISION AND RADIO couch potato turn on / switch off turn up / down change channels set the VCR tune in a radio station news broadcast series soap opera quiz show talent show chat show request show commercial break inform / entertain cover a wide range of events CULTURAL EVENTS street festival parade folklore event open-air theatre performance wine (tasting) days harvest festival dance house party crafts workshop puppet show Christmas fair book fair choir festival charity ball festivity / feast attract tourists provide entertainment take place community centre

tévébolond be- / kikapcsol felhangosít / lehalkít csatornát vált beállítja a videót beállít egy rádiócsatornát hírmûsor sorozat szappanopera vetélkedô tehetségkutató beszélgetôs mûsor kívánságmûsor reklám informál / szórakoztat sokféle eseményrôl tudósít utcai fesztivál parádé, felvonulás folklór esemény szabadtéri színház elôadás (színpadi) bornapok szüreti fesztivál táncházi mulatság kézmûves foglalkozás bábjáték karácsonyi vásár könyvvásár kórusfesztivál jótékonysági bál ünnepség, bankett vonzza a turistákat szórakozást biztosít megrendezésre kerül, zajlik közösségi ház

WORD LIST ban censore suspend an account sign out quit / delete the account list of personal interests create / join an interest group public / private message chat link poke post like comment tag label upload / download update share follow add a friend send / receive / accept / cancel / reject a friend request unfriend sy / remove a friend instant messaging status wall news feed upcoming events timeline snail mail write / send / receive e-mails emoticon spam

kitilt cenzúráz felfüggeszti a felhasználói fiókot kilép törli a fiókot személyes érdeklôdési körök listája létrehoz / csatlakozik egy csoporthoz nyilvános / magánüzenet beszélget linkel, linket beszúr megbök feltesz kedvel (lájkol) megjegyzést fûz hozzá megjelöl cimkéz feltölt / letölt frissít megoszt követ barátként megjelöl elküld / kap / elfogad / töröl / visszautasít egy felkérést eltávolít egy barátot azonnali üzenetküldés státusz üzenôfal hírfolyam közeledô események idôvonal hagyományos posta e-mailt ír / küld / kap smiley levélszemét

SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES social network közösségi háló user account felhasználói fiók sign up regisztrál user name felhasználónév password jelszó choose an avatar avatárt választ terms of service szerzôdési feltételek set the user profile beállítja a felhasználói profilt change the profile megváltoztatja a profilt personal / contact személyes / kontakt information információ customize személyre szab privacy settings adatvédelmi beállítások violate a policy megsérti a szabályzatot block access blokkolja a belépést korlátozza a belépést restrict access

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CONVERSATION

8/1 WHAT MEANS OF TRANSPORT ARE AVAILABLE IN YOUR TOWN / VILLAGE? How do you get to school / to your workplace in the morning?

I have a season ticket and/but I usually go (by bus / by train / by bicycle / on foot) … to school. I live quite a long way from school, so first I have to walk to the (bus stop / metro station / trolleybus stop) … then take (metro line 2 / a 49 bus) and travel (five stops / for 15 minutes) … until I get to my (school / workplace) … I travel (by bus / by train) … into town and then I change from the (bus / train) … to the (metro / trolleybus / bus / tram) …

What types of public transport are available in your town? What are they like and how do you use them?

I live in a village, so we don’t have local public transport facilities, but in Budapest there are several forms of public transport such as the (metro / bus / tram / trolleybus) ... They are mostly (clean / safe / fast / comfortable) ..., but occasionally they (get stuck in traffic / are crowded / break down) ... When you want to travel by ... you (buy your ticket at the entrance / go down / wait until it arrives / get on when the sliding doors open / get off when you reach your destination) ... There are also taxis which are (the most convenient way of travelling / very expensive) ...

What means of transport do you prefer for long distance travel?

When I go somewhere in Hungary, I usually take the (coach / train) ... because it is (cheaper / comfortable / clean / fast) ... I prefer (coaches / trains) ... when I travel because (I can always find a place to sit / I can stand up while travelling / I can sleep if I am tired) ... When I travel abroad, I usually (choose a cheap airline / fly / go by coach / take the train) ... because it is (faster / cheaper / more comfortable / safer) ...

Do you have a bicycle? Where do you like to ride it?

I have a bicycle and I usually (go to school on it / go for a ride at weekends / go on long bicycle tours with my friends in summer) ... I only use my bicycle (to go to school / to go to the shops at weekends / to go over to my friend’s place / in summer / within the village I live)… We have excellent bike routes (in our town / in our region / around Lake Velence / around the village)… so I (often go for a ride / go biking every day to keep myself fit)… I don’t have a bicycle because (we don’t have space for it at home / we couldn’t store it anywhere / I don’t like cycling at all)…

Does your family have a car? When and for what do you or your family use it?

My family has (one / two) ... car(s). My (father / mother / brother / sister / I) ... usually take(s) the car (to work / to school / to go shopping) ... and we often (go on trips / visit my grandparents) ... by car. We don’t have a car because (we can’t afford it / we don’t think we need one / we prefer public transport / nobody has a driving licence in my family)… and I think (we can manage without one as well / we can travel everywhere by public transport as well)…

Do you have a driving licence? Or do you plan to learn to drive in the near future?

I don’t have a driving licence yet (and I don’t think I’ll get one in the foreseeable future / but I would like to get one as soon as possible) ... It isn’t easy to get a driving licence as (it is very expensive / it takes a lot of time to learn to drive) ... I have already started learning to drive. I’ve taken the (Highway Code / First Aid / practical / driving ) course... and I’ve learned (a lot about how a car is built / how to check the oil level / to change a tyre) ... I already have my driving licence, and when I take the car I (always have to promise to be careful / have to remind my parents that I am not going to take risks) ... because I don’t want to risk my life.

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CONVERSATION

8/2 WHY DO PEOPLE SPEND THEIR HOLIDAYS IN HUNGARY OR ABROAD? Why do people spend their holidays in Hungary?

There are several reasons why people stay and spend their holidays in Hungary, for example, (it’s cheaper than going abroad / they can visit relatives they haven’t seen for a long time / they can (re)discover beautiful/interesting places in their own country / they can use their traveller’s cheques) … Sometimes it’s only the lack of (money / language knowledge / courage) … that keeps people from going abroad. I think it’s time that people (re)discovered (the wonderful countryside / historic sights / the beautiful cities / villages) … of their own country.

Why do people go abroad for their holidays?

Nowadays it is possible to travel to all four corners of the world and see different (cultures / people / ways of life) … Travel agencies offer (cheaper and cheaper tours / package tours / last minute trips / first minute trips) ... to every part of the world and more and more people can afford and want to travel abroad for their holidays. It is always more (exciting / challenging / fashionable) … to travel abroad, not to mention other benefits, such as (getting to know different people and cultures / speaking and practising a foreign language) …

Where have you been so far?

Unfortunately, I haven’t had the opportunity to go abroad so far, but I would really like to go to (the United Kingdom / Italy / the USA / Germany) … (next year / sometime in the future) … I think I’m lucky because (we have quite a few relatives living abroad / my parents think it’s very important to see the world at a young age and they can also afford to take the family abroad) …, so I’ve had the chance to go to (France / Egypt / Poland / Portugal / Spain) … I’m always looking for opportunities to go abroad, so I always take part in projects which involve (learning about other countries / getting to know foreign students) …, this way I might be able to go to (Austria / Slovakia / Italy / Croatia / the Netherlands / Belgium) … with the school.

Where is your family going on your next holiday?

My family is going to (Mátraháza / Hortobágy / Lake Balaton / Lake Velence) … because my parents don’t like travelling (a long way / by plane) … We always try to visit different places so this year it will be (Paris and the North of France / Tuscany in Italy / Athens in Greece) … for (a/two/three week(s) / ten days) … Next summer (my parents / I) won’t really have time for travelling since it’s (my sister’ wedding / my school leaving exam) …, so I guess we’ll just pay a short visit to (my grandmother’s / somewhere nearby / Lake Fertô / Miskolctapolca) …

What kinds of holidays do you like?

My family likes exploring wherever we go on holiday. Last year, for example, we (visited all the museums / went on lots of short trips / rented a car and explored all the sights) … in (Paris / England / Corfu / Transdanubia) … I prefer (relaxing / being active) ... on my holidays, so when I’m away I spend most of my time (lying on the beach and swimming in the sea / going sightseeing in the city / going on short trips / exploring the country side) … Unfortunately, my parents don’t really like (sunbathing / doing water sports / adventures / hiking) ... on our holidays, that’s why we (never/ always) ... (go sightseeing / do anything/something interesting / stay in the hotel and get bored) …

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CONVERSATION

8/3 HAVE YOU EVER BEEN TO AN ENGLISH SPEAKING COUNTRY? Where have you been and what are the most famous sights of that country?

I’ve never been to any English speaking countries because (so far I’ve only visited neighbouring countries / I’ve never been abroad / I’ve not had the opportunity yet / I wanted to learn the language first so that I can communicate with the people)... I was lucky to be able to go to (England / Scotland / Wales / Ireland / Australia / New Zealand / Canada / the United States)... (with my family / with my class / on a scholarship)... (when I was young / a few years ago).. and I saw (the Tower of London and Buckingham Palace / Edinburgh and the Highlands / Dublin Castle and the beautiful countryside / Sydney and the Sunshine Coast / Auckland and some breathtaking national parks / the Niagara Falls / the New York skyscrapers, and Disneyland in Florida)... among other great places and sights.

What did you like about the country? What were the people, the culture and the cuisine like?

I really liked the (atmosphere / people / food / fresh air / rhythm of the city / view of the ocean / foreign language environment)..., however (I was not very fond of the weather in Britain with all the rain / I was really scared when a huge hurricane hit the eastern coast of America / I almost panicked when I experienced my first earthquake in California)... The people are very (open / friendly / helpful / outgoing / supportive / welcoming)... there; they (helped me fit in / showed me great places / provided me with company / taught me lots of good words and expressions)... I found the (American / British / Canadian / Irish)... culture very (multicultural / open / rich)... (with lots of historical festivals / taking every opportunity to celebrate / using music to make it more understandable for foreigners as well)... Food in (America / Britain / Australia / Ireland)... is very (varied / strange / interesting)... and I (tried everything that local people in Scotland offered me such as meat pies and all sorts of broths / ate lots of hot-dogs and doughnuts in America / liked how different cultures influenced the food in Australia / loved the famous fish and chips and puddings in Britain)...

Are you planning to go to any other English speaking country in the near future?

I hope I (will get the scholarship to New Zealand / can go to London with my class / can visit my American relatives again this summer)... I’m planning to (apply to a Scottish university / take part in a student exchange programme next year / spend a long weekend in Dublin with my sister who lives there / go abroad and work as a babysitter or in a hotel when I finish secondary school)... and then I hope to see more of the country.

If you could go anywhere where would you like to go? Why?

My absolute dream would be to (travel around America / see Ayers Rock in Australia / do a round trip of Scotland / travel to all fifty states of the US / surf in Hawaii)... because (I think the place is awesome / I would like to see everything)... If I could go anywhere, I’d like to (sail around Australia / visit all the small islands in the Florida Keys / take the transcontinental train route from Toronto to Vancouver in Canada)... because (it’s said to be breathtaking / it would be quite an adventure / I’ve always dreamed of doing it)...

8/4 HOW DO YOU PREPARE FOR A HOLIDAY? How do you usually organise your family holidays?

(My mother/father / I) ... (book(s) the accommodation / make(s) reservations) … (at a travel agency / on the phone / on the internet) … We usually (plan / choose / decide) ... on the … (destination / route / length of our stay / type of accommodation / programme / activities) … together. Our family tries to avoid … (five-star hotels / camps / the peak tourist season / crowded places) … when travelling somewhere.

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CONVERSATION

When and what do you pack?

(I/ We / My family) ... (always / never) … (make(s) a packing list / leave(s) packing for the last moment / prepare(s) the luggage the night before the departure ) … If it is a summer holiday, (I / we) ... always (take / pack) … (clothes that don’t wrinkle / a sun hat / suntan lotion / flip-flops / a toiletry kit) ... A (rolling bag / backpack / sleeping bag) … can be very (practical/useful).

What travel documents and papers might you need?

(We / My father/mother) ... always (check(s)) … whether or not (our passports have expired / the country requires a visa) … If we travel … (abroad / by car) …, we have to (take / obtain) … (foreign currency / my father’s/mother’s driving licence / our airline tickets / traveller’s cheques / a motorway sticker) ... Forgetting about … (medical insurance / credit cards / reservation confirmations) … can spoil your vacation.

What do you have to arrange at home?

(Make sure you / Be sure to) … (cancel mail and newspaper deliveries or have someone pick up the post / unplug electrical items / water the plants) … before going on holiday. Arrange for someone to (house-sit / mow the lawn / walk the dog / shovel the snow) … Don’t forget to (lock the doors and windows / store valuables in secure places / move houseplants away from direct sunlight) …

What do you do to make your holiday more enjoyable?

We always (buy travelogues / research our holiday destination on the internet) … I search the internet to find out about (admission fees to museums / attractions or sights in the area) … Checking the (weather forecast / special customs / costs of local transport) … can make our stay more pleasant.

8/5 WHAT ARE THE PROS AND CONS OF GOING ON HOLIDAY WITH / WITHOUT YOUR FRIENDS / YOUR FAMILY? Why do people go on holiday with /without their friends / family?

Sometimes people go on holiday with their friends/family to (enjoy their company / spend some time together) ... or without them because they (would like to do what they want / don’t want to travel with their parents / would like to be independent) ... Some people enjoy going on holiday with / without their friends / family because (they can decide together what to do / nobody tells them what to do or where to go) … Going on holiday alone can be (bad / dangerous) ... because (you can’t share your experiences and enjoyment with your family / you might feel homesick / you might get lost / you might get hurt / you might get robbed or mugged) ...

What is it like when the whole family goes on holiday together?

When we go on holiday together (we fill the car with suitcases and useless stuff / my parents take care of everything / we can spend some time together / we usually have a lot of fun) ... When I go on holiday with my parents, (I have to get back to the hotel by 10 o’clock / I don’t have to watch how much I spend / I don’t have to worry about things / I can rely on them) ... A family holiday is always (a nightmare / chaotic / thrilling / a nice experience) ... because (my mother is always quarrelling about something / it is impossible to relax / I am never allowed to go out in the evening / we always laugh a lot / my dad keeps telling jokes and making fun of everything) ...

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CONVERSATION

Have you ever travelled with friends? What was it like?

I have never travelled anywhere with my friends because (my parents didn’t let me / I’m too young / we find other entertainment for ourselves) ... Once I went to our cottage at Lake Balaton with some of my friends, and we (cooked goulash / had a party / went for a midnight swim / spent the whole weekend on the beach / had lots of fun) ... I am planning to go to (Greece / Croatia) ... with some friends in the summer, and we have to (plan the holiday / agree on the programme / get the basic necessities) ... shortly.

What is it like when you go on school trips?

Excursions with my class are always (funny / exciting / interesting / entertaining) ... because we (are very close / are all good friends / have a great form teacher / always go to beautiful places) ... We usually go by bus and we (sing songs / play games / stop on the way to see things / take a lot of photos) ... The problem is that (we visit too many museums / go on exhausting walks / our form teacher always tells us what to do / we never get enough free time) ...

What do you think of package holidays? What are they like?

I think that package holidays (are cheap / are quite comfortable / offer company to lonely people) ..., and (they usually offer great hotels at a very favourable price / everything is organised for the holiday makers / there are tour guides to show people around the most popular tourist sights / people can make friends / there is a fixed programme for the whole holiday) ... People going on package holidays can (also feel well-protected and safe / take advantage of the company and reduced prices / enter places which they couldn’t if they travelled alone) ... Sometimes it can be annoying to (spend so much time with a lot of people / follow the tour guide everywhere / have everything organised) ...

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8 TRAVELLING AND HOLIDAYS 8/1

SITUATIONS

GETTING AROUND IN THE CITY

You are in Népliget and an American tourist (played by the examiner) asks you the way to Heroes’ Square and the Southern Train Station. Use the metro plan and give directions.

Start by asking the tourist if you can help. 8/2 BOOK A TICKET AT BRITISH AIRWAYS You would like to fly to Manchester. Call the booking agent of the airline company (played by the examiner) and book your ticket with British Airways. Use the following prompts: l l l l

6-10 May Manchester via London, Heathrow window seat special diet.

Start by greeting the airline representative on the phone. 8/3 ORGANISE A SCHOOL TRIP You are organising a three-day school trip. You are calling a travel agent (played by the examiner) and you are offered three options. Ask for more information and decide on one of the possibilities. l l l l l

location / type of accommodation method of transport meals entertainment possibilities in the area price.

Start by calling the travel agent.

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SITUATIONS

8/4 TRAVELLING WITH A FRIEND Your and your best friend’s parents have decided to finance a trip for the two of you after your final exam. You have these two options. Discuss them with your friend (played by the examiner) and decide together which one to choose. MYKONOS, GREECE

Programmes available 7 days – on the beach Apartment Self-catering 85,000 Ft / person

LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM

Programmes for two days with a guide 5 days – in the busy metropolis B&B accommodation – 96,000 Ft / person

Start by telling your friend that you should decide where to go. 8/5 PACKING FOR THE SZIGET FESTIVAL You and your friend are planning to go to the Sziget Festival. Decide with your friend (played by the examiner) what you need to take with you and agree on who brings what. l l l l

clothes food equipment anything else.

Start by asking your friend to help you pack your bag. 8/6 PERSUADE YOUR FRIEND TO GO ON A PACKAGE HOLIDAY WITH YOU You have decided to go on a package holiday in the summer. Your parents will only let you go if you go with your best friend. He / she (played by the examiner) doesn’t like package holidays. Try to convince him / her about the advantages of package holidays. l l l l

comfort price service entertainment.

Start by asking your friend if he / she would like to go on holiday with you.

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8 TRAVELLING AND HOLIDAYS

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

8/1 GETTING AROUND IN THE CITY A – Hi! Can I help you? B – Hi! Yes, I guess I’m lost. Could you please help me find my way around here? A – Sure! Where would you like to go? B – Well, first of all I’d like to go to the Heroes’ Square. Is that easy from here? A – Of course! We’re here at Népliget, can you see that? B – Yes. A – OK. So from here you should take the blue metro line, line number three, to the centre. B – To the centre? Which one is that? A – It’s called Deák Square. B – Ok, I can see it. A – Good. Once you are there you need to switch to the yellow metro line, which is number one, and travel eight stops to the square. B – Right. It sounds quite easy. A – Yes. Do you want to go anywhere else? B – Yes, actually I’d like to go to the Southern Train Station from there if possible. A – Of course! You’ll have to go back to the centre again, you know to Deák Square, and switch to the red metro line. B – Let me guess. Is that metro line number two? A – It is. That will bring you to the station. B – Which stop is it? A – The last one, it’s the final stop of the red line. B – Sounds great! Thank you for your help! A – You’re welcome! I hope you have a nice time in Budapest. B – Thanks! I’m quite sure of that. Bye! A – Bye! 8/2 BOOK A TICKET AT BRITISH AIRWAYS A – Good afternoon! B – Good afternoon. You have called British Airways. What can I do for you? A – I would like to book a ticket. B – All right. I will need some information. What is the place of departure? A – Budapest, Liszt Ferenc airport. B – What is your destination? A – I would like to fly to Manchester. B – I’m sorry, but we don’t have a direct flight to Manchester. Where would you like to transfer? A – What are the possibilities? B – Amsterdam or London, Heathrow. A – London will be all right. B – OK. What is the date of departure? A – 6th May. B – When would you like to fly? In the morning or in the afternoon? A – In the morning, please. B – That’ll be at 10 a.m. Check-in starts at 8 a.m. Is that all right? A – Yes, it is perfect. B – What’s your date of return? A – 10th May. Possibly in the evening. B – We have a flight at 8 p.m. British time. Check-in from 6 p.m. Is that all right? A – Yes, thank you. B – Would you like to have a window or an aisle seat? A – Window seat, please. B – Any other wishes? A – Yes, I would like to have a vegetarian meal on the plane. B – All right. Do you have any questions? A – Can I pay at the airport before take off? B – Yes, of course. Can I have your name please? A – Winston. John Winston. B – Thank you. Any other questions? A – No, thank you. B – Thank you for choosing our airline. I wish you a pleasant flight. Good bye. A – Thanks. Bye. 135

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8/3 ORGANISE A SCHOOL TRIP A – Good afternoon! B – Good afternoon! Inland Travel Agency. How can I help you? A – I’m calling to enquire about possibilities for a class trip. B – We have some great offers for the Spring Holiday if you’re interested. Would you like to know more about them? A – Yes, please! What can you offer? B – We have some great trips to Eger, Zánka and Kaposmérő at the moment. A – I see. What sorts of accommodation are available? B – There is a youth hostel in Eger, tents at the Zánka camping ground and bungalows in Kaposmérő. A – How should we travel to these places? B – I would take the train to Eger and to Zánka, but I would take the bus to Kaposmérő. A – All right. Are any meals included in the offers? B – We can provide half-board in Eger, full-board service in Zánka but Kaposmérő would be self-catering. A – OK. What sort of programmes do you suggest for our stay in each place? B – Well, you can go on a sightseeing tour in Eger or you can go hiking in the hills around town. A – Not a bad idea. What could we do in Zánka and in Kaposmérő? B – I’d suggest that you try some watersports in Zánka if the weather is fine, or some other sport if not. Finally, you can try archery, riding and crafts in Kaposmérő. A – That sounds exciting. Can you please tell me the prices? B – Sure! Kaposmérő is the cheapest at around 7,000 forints per person for three days, Zánka is a bit more expensive at 8,000, and the trip to Eger has the highest price – 10,000 forints. A – I see. I think these are quite reasonable. We’ve actually already been to Eger and I don’t think we could fully enjoy Zánka in bad weather so I think we’ll choose Kaposmérő. B – All right. Can I book it for you? A – Yes, please book it for 25 people. We’ll settle the rest tomorrow if that’s OK. B – Sure, no problem. I’ll see you tomorrow then. A – OK. Bye. B – Bye. 8/4 TRAVELLING WITH A FRIEND A – Hi! Have you heard what our parents are planning to give us after the finals? B – Yes, it’s unbelievable. I’m so excited! A – Me too. I have already looked at a catalogue and found two really good offers. We should decide where to go. B – Really? What are they? A – Well, one of them is Greece and the other is London. B – What information is there about them? A – The one in Greece is 7 days lying on the beach. We would stay in an apartment and it would be self-catering. The brochure says we could go on various trips as well. B – It sounds good. Well, how much is it? A – Greece is 85,0000 forints. B – And what about London? A – Oh yes. The London one is 5 days in the metropolis, two days with a guide and three alone. They offer bed and breakfast accommodation. What do you think? B – Well, how much is it? A – It is 96,000 forints. B – Greece is cheaper and longer. A – Yes, although we have to provide our own food. B – I don’t think it would be too difficult. A – You are right. It would be nice to just lie on the beach. B – Yes, it would. A – And it would be so relaxing after the exams. B – OK. Shall we tell our parents that we’ve chosen this one? A – I think we should. We can start organising it. I can’t wait to be in Greece under the blue sky. It will be wonderful. B – I can’t wait either.

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8/5 PACKING FOR THE SZIGET FESTIVAL A – Hi! I’m glad you popped in. I need your help. B – Really? A – You know we’re going to the Sziget Festival in a week’s time. We should discuss and decide what we need to take there. B – Sure! How could I have forgotten! A – OK. What clothes should we take? B – Do you know what the weather will be like? A – I think it will be quite pleasant, but we’ll sleep in a tent, so we should take warm clothes as well: a few T-shirts, at least two pairs of jeans and at least two pairs of comfortable shoes. B – Why do we need all these? A – In case it rains and our clothes get wet. I don’t want to catch a cold or anything. B – You’re right. Anything else we need? A – Yes, we’ll definitely need a tent. Mine is very small. What about yours? B – Ours is for three people, so I think we should take that. I’ll bring it. A – Great! Then I’ll bring some food. B – What exactly? A – Well, I thought we could bring some packages of sliced bread, tinned liver paste, some fruit, and soft drinks for at least the first day, and then we’ll see what we can eat and drink there. B – Good idea. A – I’ve also thought of small things such as insect repellent, suntan lotion, sunglasses, a baseball cap, a camera, etc. Is there anything I have forgotten? B – Maybe a travelling first aid kit. You never know. A – You’re right; we should bring a few plasters and painkillers. I’ll pack my allergy pills too. I think we have listed everything. B – Right. Shall we buy the food together? A – That’s a great idea. We could buy it next Wednesday, and then I’ll bring it to Budapest, and you’ll carry the tent. Deal? B – Deal. See you on Wednesday then. A – See you! 8/6 PERSUADE YOUR FRIEND TO GO ON A PACKAGE HOLIDAY WITH YOU A – Hi …! B – Hi …! What’s up? A – I wanted to talk to you about something. B – Let me hear it! A – I want to go on a package holiday this summer. Would you like to come with me? B – On a package holiday? No, thank you. A – Come on! It will be fun! B – I’m not so sure about that. Aren’t those booked by lots of old people? A – Well, not always. It depends on the destination. We could go to a place which is preferred by young people. B – If there’s such a place. A – Sure there is! It would be great! We could travel to a wonderful place, everything would be organised for us and we could take guided tours. B – Well that would be convenient. A – You see? I think these holidays are also very cheap. You can stay in very good hotels for a great price because they can take advantage of group discounts. B – Yes, that makes sense. A – And the service is also said to be excellent. B – And shall we go on these tours? Or what will we do there? A – Why not? We could also just enjoy the beach or the pool or relax. I’m sure we wouldn’t be bored at all. B – Well, if you say so. I’m still not quite sure though. A – Actually my parents will only let me go if you come with me. So please do me a favour and come with me. I promise you, it will be fabulous. B – OK! I’ll ask my parents if I can go. A – Thanks! You are such a good friend! B – Sure! No problem.

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PRESENTATION

8/1 GETTING AROUND IN THE CITY These pictures show different ways of getting around in the city. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

when you use different means of transport the advantages and disadvantages of each what you have to do if you travel by public transport what forms of transport you can use in your town / village.

8/2 TRAVELLING LONG DISTANCES These pictures show different ways of travelling long distances. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

possible ways of travelling long distances the advantages and disadvantages of travelling by each when and how often you travel by these modes of transport your experiences and preference.

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8/3 LEISURE HOLIDAYS VS. CITY BREAKS These pictures show active and relaxing holidays. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

places where people spend their holidays activities they can do there advantages and disadvantages of leisure holidays and city breaks your last holiday and preferences.

8/4 HOLIDAYS IN HUNGARY AND ABROAD These pictures show famous landmarks from Hungary and abroad. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

reasons for going on holidays in Hungary reasons for going abroad on holiday the importance of tourism in Hungary your favourite / dream holiday destination.

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PRESENTATION

8/5 HOLIDAY PREPARATIONS These pictures show various things which are needed for a holiday. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

necessary items to take on holiday what you need on different types of holidays things to arrange before leaving something you once forgot to take with you and how you managed without it.

8/6 PACKAGE HOLIDAYS These pictures show different aspects of a package holiday. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the main features of a package holiday who chooses this way of travelling and why the advantages and disadvantages of this type of travelling your experiences.

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SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

8/1 GETTING AROUND IN THE CITY People usually use public transport or some other means of transport such as their cars, bicycles or a taxi when they need to go to work, home, school or to the shops. There are several forms of public transport that people can make use of when getting around in the city such as buses, trolleybuses, trams, the underground or local trains. In big cities too much traffic causes huge traffic jams, especially in the rush hour when everybody is trying to reach their destination as quickly as possible. People use their cars too much because travelling by bus, tram, trolleybus or the underground is not so easy. Many people think that cars are the fastest, easiest and most comfortable way to get around in the city, but it’s not true any more. There are so many cars in the streets that it is simply impossible to move. Travelling by bus, tram, trolleybus and especially the fastest method, the underground, could solve the problem of constant traffic jams in towns, but they are always crowded, the seats are dirty and quite uncomfortable. Buses and trams are also often late because of the heavy traffic or unexpected breakdowns. I still think that using public transport instead of cars or taxis is faster, more economical and environmentally friendly. When you are travelling by public transport all you have to do is to have a valid ticket, season ticket or travel pass with you, validate it after getting on and keep it till you get off. You can get your ticket or travel pass from a vending machine at the bus stops, at each underground station or at designated ticket offices. As in many small towns in Hungary, in my town the only means of public transport available is the local bus, which, of course, doesn’t run often enough. At least the traffic isn’t as bad as in the capital, here it is usually possible to get around in the city even in the rush hour. As for me, it’s nice to know that in case of emergency I can count on my parents, who can drive me to school or wherever I want to go. 8/2 TRAVELLING LONG DISTANCES You can travel long distances in many different ways. You can take the plane and fly, travel by train, bus or car, or even board a ship. Of course, driving a car a long distance can be very tiring. Travelling by plane is probably the safest and the most convenient way for long distances. It’s also the fastest if we want to go overseas, say from one continent to another. It can also be quite cheap if we buy our ticket well in advance with discount airlines. Travelling by train is popular among people who commute to work but they can be used for longer journeys as well. There are quite good, fast and comfortable long train routes in Europe so people sometimes take the train instead of the plane when they travel from one country to another. Travelling by ships was popular when flying wasn’t so widespread or available but nowadays it’s considered a romantic way of travelling and is mostly used for cruise holidays. It’s slow, so it’s usually not a reasonable means of getting from one place to another, only a way to spend a holiday. I live at Lake Balaton so I sometimes choose to travel by boat when I go to a neighbouring town. When I want to go to Budapest, I either take the train or the bus. I have also flown a few times when we went on holiday abroad. I like travelling by boat very much. They are so majestic as they glide on the water. I find it very peaceful so whenever I have the opportunity to get on board I do so. Otherwise I like flying as well but I don’t often have the chance to go abroad. Bus and train travel is also getting better and better in Hungary. They get more comfortable and cleaner year by year. I’m quite satisfied with them. 8/3 LEISURE HOLIDAYS VS. CITY BREAKS Nowadays, people can choose from a variety of places to spend their holiday. Depending on the season they can pick the mountains, the coast and beaches, lakesides, tropical islands, small or big cities, the countryside, etc. They can choose unusual places such as the Arctic Circle and spend some days in an igloo or in an ice hotel or go to a rainforest and explore nature. People can even go into space as tourists. Choosing a holiday destination may depend not only on the weather but also on the activities we would like to do during our holiday. For example, if somebody likes hiking or walking in the fresh air, they should go to the mountains or to a hilly region. If you would like to spend a few days lying on the beach, sunbathing and swimming, you can go to the seaside or to a lakeside resort. If you want to explore a city and visit great monuments and buildings, you can always go on a city break. You can even combine these different activities if you choose the destination carefully. All of these holidays have their advantages and disadvantages. Leisure holidays can be very relaxing and you can also get away from your day-to-day life and problems by spending some time on the beach and sunbathing. However, sunbathing can be dangerous as you can burn or get sunstroke. Of course, some people think it is boring doing nothing. City breaks are great if you like to explore a country’s culture and history. It can be educational and entertaining as well, but it can also turn out that when you return home, you are more tired than before the holiday. I like to visit cities in spring and autumn when there are fewer tourists and the weather is pleasant. I have already been to Rome and Prague for long weekends and enjoyed these city breaks very much. In summer, on the other hand, I prefer beaches where I can enjoy the sunshine and I can go to a party or to a disco in the evening. Last summer I had a great time in Spain. I spent two weeks there with my family. We were on the beach most of the time, but we also visited some nearby cities. It was a lot of fun and I even made some friends there. 141

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8/4 HOLIDAYS IN HUNGARY AND ABROAD Some people like to spend their holidays in Hungary because there are wonderful places to visit and they want to learn more about their own history and culture. It’s also cheaper because we don’t have to travel long distances. Since employers can give out inland traveller’s cheques as part of the salary more and more people use them and spend them on domestic holidays. People who don’t speak foreign languages or are not very adventurous will probably also choose Hungarian holiday destinations. We have hills for hiking, we have plains and forests for wandering, lakes and rivers for sailing and water sports, great cities for sightseeing, and thermal baths and water parks for relaxation and recreational activities. Even though Hungary can offer a lot in terms of holidays destinations some people will spend their holidays abroad. Nowadays we can actually travel anywhere we want, there are no limitations. We can visit tropical islands to enjoy the sun, ski paradises to do winter sports, or big cities to see famous buildings. Some people go abroad to be as far away from home as possible, others go to practise their language knowledge or to get to know other cultures and cuisines. Tourism is generally very important in any country. It means that we can show our natural treasures, culture, and cuisine to people who live in other countries. It also means that people who come to our country will spend money here helping the local economy and businesses. They sleep in hotels, eat in restaurants, and buy souvenirs thus providing income for these businesses. They will also tell their friends what a great place Hungary is and encourage them also to visit the country in the future. My favourite holiday destination so far is Dublin, Ireland. I was there a few years ago and I really liked the atmosphere of the town and the whole country. I visited the surrounding places and the coast as well and I was mesmerised by the lovely fishing villages. My dream holiday would be a round trip in the USA. I’d really love to see the skyscrapers in New York, the Capitol and the White House in Washington D.C., the Old South on the eastern coast, the orange fields and the swamps in Florida, the jazz bars in New Orleans, the stars on Hollywood Boulevard in Los Angeles, the cable cars in San Francisco, the incredible nature in the Grand Canyon and lots of other places. I believe I would have to win a fortune to be able to see all of these but I’ll never give up hope. 8/5 HOLIDAY PREPARATIONS When we go on a holiday or travel anywhere, we need to prepare and pack a lot of things. There are certain items that we need to take on any sort of holiday, for example, basic clothing items such as underwear, toiletries, ID papers, money, maps or a tourist guide book and a camera. Depending on the holiday destination, the type of holiday we are planning, the season, the weather, the geographical situation of our destination, and the level of service we are expecting, we will need to take some other items as well. If we go to a tropical beach, we will need swimwear, shorts and tops and a good suntan lotion. If we plan to go sightseeing, we need more conventional clothes which cover us so that we can enter museums or churches. If we go skiing, we will need our ski equipment and warm ski clothing. If we expect rainy and cold weather, we should take an umbrella and a waterproof jacket. If we go on a self-catering vacation, we will either need to take food with us or buy some at our location. Before we go on holiday we should check if our papers are valid. We should buy a map or a guide book so that we know all the places we want to visit. We also need our pets to be taken care of and either take them to a hotel or ask a neighbour to tend to them, water our plants, take the newspapers and letters in and look after our flat or house. Once I actually forgot to take my medicine with me and got really ill. I caught a cold. I had fever and a runny nose, and I had to buy medicines abroad. It was not easy to describe my problem to the pharmacist and it was really expensive too. Since then I have never travelled anywhere without basic medicines. 8/6 PACKAGE HOLIDAYS A lot of people prefer travelling with a group instead of organising everything individually. This type of holiday is called a “package holiday”, which means that a travel agency arranges everything for you and the price you pay includes food, accommodation and travel. The accommodation is usually at a hotel or in an apartment. The group usually travels by bus with regular stops. There is also a tour guide who takes you everywhere and organises everything. This way of travelling is preferred by those who like comfort. Older people often go on package tours because they feel safer if there is an experienced guide with them who speaks the local language. They like the company on the coach and they can afford this type of travelling because there are a lot of group discounts. However, there can also be some drawbacks. The biggest problem is that you are told what time to get on the bus so, for example, you can’t take your time over your lunch. Another problem is that the programmes are fixed and it doesn’t matter if you don’t feel like doing something. Your travelling companions might be annoying or noisy, too. All in all, I don’t think it’s worth choosing a package tour. I may go on this type of tour when I grow old but at the moment I don’t really fancy it. Last summer I went on a package tour to Rome with my parents. We didn’t have a car and we couldn’t afford to travel by plane so it seemed like a good solution until the first day. The coach turned out to be very uncomfortable, the passengers were all old and the tour guide was talking all the time so I couldn’t sleep or read. 142

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8 TRAVELLING AND HOLIDAYS TRAFFIC IN TOWNS pedestrian cyclist pavement cycle lane go on foot cross the road zebra crossing one-way street roundabout crossroad traffic signs ask for / give directions go straight on for … metres take a short cut across / through sg go as far as sg go past sg turn left / right turn into a street take the 2nd turning on the left / right traffic jam rush hour public transport run from 4 am to 11 pm bus / tram / trolley bus stop metro station suburban train cogwheel train funicular coach take a bus change (metro) lines get on / off season ticket ticket punch machine validate the ticket find a free seat give one’s seat up travel three stops show one’s ticket to the inspector be a fare-dodger pay a fine get stuck in traffic break down DRIVING drive at ... kilometres per hour observe / exceed the speed limit fasten one’s seatbelt start the engine change gears

gyalogos kerékpáros járda kerékpárút gyalogol átmegy az úton zebra egyirányú utca körforgalom útkereszteződés közlekedési táblák útbaigazítást kér / ad egyenesen megy ... métert átvág vmin elmegy vmeddig elhalad vmi mellett balra / jobbra fordul befordul egy utcába befordul a második utcába balra / jobbra közlekedési dugó csúcsforgalom tömegközlekedés hajnali 4-től éjjel 11-ig közlekedik busz- / villamos- / trolimegálló metróállomás HÉV fogaskerekű sikló távolsági busz buszra száll átszáll felszáll / leszáll bérlet jegykezelő automata érvényesíti a jegyet szabad ülőhelyet talál átadja a helyét három megállót utazik megmutatja a jegyét az ellenőrnek potyautas, bliccelő büntetést fizet beragad a forgalomba lerobban … sebességgel vezet betartja / túllépi a sebességhatárt beköti a biztonsági övet beindítja a motort sebességet vált

accelerate brake give way overtake use indicators change lanes avoid accidents cause an accident collide with sg crash into sg run sg / sy over fill up the tank valid driving licence Highway Code course driving course driving practice driving test First Aid course main road highway motorway hitchhike TRAVEL BY TRAIN passenger slow train fast train express train train station platform ticket office timetable information office luggage office locker lost property office meet sy at the station see sy off at the (train) station catch / miss a train get on / off the train

WORD LIST gyorsít fékez elsőbbséget ad megelőz indexel sávot vált elkerüli a baleseteket balesetet okoz nekiütközik vminek belerohan vmibe elüt vmit / vkit megtankol érvényes jogosítvány KRESZ tanfolyam autóvezetői tanfolyam gyakorlati oktatás gyakorlati vizsga elsősegély-tanfolyam főút országút, főútvonal autópálya stoppol utas személyvonat gyorsvonat expresszvonat vasútállomás peron, vágány jegypénztár menetrend információs iroda poggyászmegőrző csomagmegőrző szekrény talált tárgyak irodája kimegy vki elé az állomásra kikísér vkit az állomásra eléri / lekési a vonatot felszáll / leszáll a vontra/ról átszáll másik vonatra rossz vonatra száll első- / másodosztályú kocsi fülke helyjegye van

change trains take the wrong train first / second class carriage compartment have a seat reservation ticket ticket inspector kalauz put the suitcase on the felteszi a csomagot a luggage rack csomagtartóra put the window up / down felhúzza / leengedi az ablakot pull the emergency brake meghúzza a vészféket be due to arrive / leave at… …-kor kell megérkeznie / elindulnia buffet car büfékocsi

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8 TRAVELLING AND HOLIDAYS TRAVEL BY AIR terminal departure(s) lounge arrival(s) lounge cheap / discount airline book a ticket make a flight reservation scheduled flight chartered plane check-in desk check-in clerk weigh the luggage pay an excess baggage fee passport control customs clearance duty-free shop flight call departure gate board the plane boarding card tourist class business class cockpit window seat aisle seat fasten one’s seat belt cabin crew flight attendant automatic pilot cancel a flight be delayed take off land emergency landing get hijacked jet lag

terminál indulási váróterem érkezési váróterem fapados légitársaság jegyet foglal repülőjegyet foglal menetrend szerinti járat charterjárat utasfelvételi pult utasfelvételi ügyintéző leméri a poggyászt poggyász-túlsúly díjat fizet útlevél ellenőrzés vámellenőrzés vámmentes bolt felszólítás beszállásra indulási kapu felszáll a gépre beszállókártya turistaosztály első osztály pilótafülke ablak melletti ülés folyosó melletti ülés becsatolja a biztonsági övet kabin személyzet utaskísérő automata pilóta törli a járatot késik felszáll leszáll, landol kényszerleszállás elrabolják, túszul ejtik időzónaváltás-szindróma

TRAVEL BY SEA port harbour rowing boat sailing ship ferry yacht cruiser ocean liner cargo ship voyage cruise go on a cruise board a ship deck cabin lifeboat be seasick get shipwrecked sink anchor

kikötőváros kikötő evezős csónak vitorláshajó komp jacht tengerjáró turistahajó óceánjáró teherhajó (hosszabb) tengeri utazás tengeri hajó(kör)út hajókörútra megy hajóra száll fedélzet kajüt mentőcsónak tengeribeteg hajótörést szenved elsüllyed kiköt

WORD LIST

HOLIDAY package holiday first minute holiday

szervezett út jóval előbb lefoglalt nyaralás last minute holiday utolsó pillanatban lefoglalt nyaralás all-inclusive teljes ellátással preparations előkészületek plan everything in advance mindent előre megszervez cancel mail / newspapers lemondja a postát / újságot unplug electrical items kihúzza az elektromos készülékeket házfelügyelőt talál find a house-sitter lock the door / window bezárja az ajtót / ablakot store valuables elzárja az értékeket check one’s passport ellenőrzi az útlevelet have one’s passport meghosszabbíttatja az extended / renewed útlevelét apply for a visa vízumért folyamodik book accommodation lefoglalja a szállást exchange money pénzt vált be traveller’s cheque utazási / üdülési csekk book a flight / rail / repülő- / vonat- / coach ticket buszjegyet foglal take out travel insurance utazási biztosítást köt check the weather forecast megnézi az időjáráselőrejelzést set off elindul, útra kel HOTEL FACILITIES a three-star hotel reception desk check in fill in the registration form single room double room extra bed a room with a shower / private bath a room with a sea / mountain view air-conditioning central heating Wi-Fi access full board half board B&B (bed & breakfast) continental / English breakfast porter maid give a tip ask for / settle the bill parking lot / car park round-the-clock service sports facilities poolside bar conference room K

háromcsillagos szálló recepció bejelentkezik kitölti a regisztrációs lapot egyágyas szoba kétágyas szoba pótágy zuhanyzós / fürdőszobás szoba tengerre / hegyekre néző szoba légkondicionálás központi fűtés vezeték nélküli internet teljes ellátás félpanzió szállás reggelivel kontinentális / angol reggeli hordár szobalány borravalót ad kéri / rendezi a számlát parkoló 24 órás szolgáltatás sportlétesítmények medence bár konferenciaterem

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8 TRAVELLING AND HOLIDAYS pets allowed children’s playground ironing facilities towels available for rent credit cards accepted SIGHTSEEING go sightseeing hop-on hop-off sightseeing bus go on a sightseeing tour

háziállatot beengednek játszótér vasalási lehetőség törölköző bérelhető hitelkártya elfogadás

enjoy the nightlife

városnézésre indul városnéző busz, amelyre bárhol fel / le lehet szállni városnéző kirándulásra megy követi az idegenvezetőt felfedezi a várost eltéved turistakártyát vesz híres látnivalók nevezetességek történelmi emlékmű kastély palota katedrális szökőkút szobor pózol vmi előtt ajándékot vesz élvezi a helyi konyhát / zenét / vendégszeretetet élvezi az éjszaki életet

ON THE BEACH seaside beach resort lie in the sun / sunbathe get sunburnt get sunstroke be nicely tanned protect one’s skin use suntan lotion sit under a beach umbrella deckchair collect shells build a sandcastle go surfing / sailing / scuba diving

tengerpart tengerparti üdülőhely napozik leég a napon napszúrást kap szépen lebarnult védi a bőrét naptejet használ napernyő alatt ül nyugágy kagylót gyűjt homokvárat épít szörfözni / vitorlázni / búvárkodni megy

follow the tour guide discover the city get lost buy a tourist card famous landmarks places of interest historical monument castle palace cathedral fountain statue pose in front of sg buy souvenirs enjoy the local cuisine / music / hospitality

CAMPING campsite caravan site river bank lakeside wooden cabin put up / take down a tent folding chair and table sleeping bag foam mattress gas cooker

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get away from it all enjoy the peace and harmony put one’s feet up cook outdoors go on a trip go hiking go rafting go on a boat trip have a picnic

WORD LIST kiszakad a mindennapokból élvezi a békét és nyugalmat lazít szabadban főz kirándulni megy túrázni megy vadvízi evezésre megy csónakkirándulásra megy piknikezik

kemping lakókocsi park folyópart tópart(i) faház felveri / lebontja a sátrat összecsukható szék és asztal hálózsák polifoam gázfőző

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CONVERSATION

9/1 WHAT ARE THE MOST POPULAR SCIENCES AND FIELDS OF SCIENCES NOWADAYS? Which areas of the natural sciences are the most popular and what is their aim?

I think (astronomy / medicine / molecular biology) ... belongs to the most popular areas of science. (Space research / Genetic engineering / Information technology / Nuclear engineering) ... are among the most discussed fields because they (open up the universe / want to prevent hereditary diseases / improve telecommunications / improve the safety aspects of producing nuclear energy) ... Scientists do research to (help cure illnesses / solve the problems of pollution and global warming / search for alternative energy resources / find out about our world) ..., but unfortunately, some of these experiments are carried out (on animals / in the oceans) ...

In which fields are most researches carried out?

Most research is carried out in (medicine / nuclear engineering / genetic engineering) ... (Medical / Space) ... research is very popular, and it is searching for (answers to certain questions / cures for deadly diseases / life in space) ... A lot of research is done under special circumstances such as (in space / under extreme weather conditions / under water / in the air) ...

Where can you find out about scientific discoveries and inventions?

Most inventions and discoveries are only publicised (in scientific magazines / on special programmes / at conferences for scientists) ... I sometimes (read / watch / visit) ... (scientific articles on the internet / science magazines in the library / documentaries on TV / science museums) ... Our (physics / IT / science) ... teacher is always up-to-date and always tells us about the latest inventions.

Where can you see the cutting edge of technology and the latest inventions?

Nowadays, everything is full of modern devices which are at the cutting edge of technology such as (sports / films / the internet / the news) ... Even when you (walk into an office / watch a movie / go to a hospital) ..., you see modern technological inventions. Technology is used in every field of life such as (in sports / for military purposes / in sci-fi films) ... and then later appears in our everyday lives as well.

9/2 WHAT IS THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN OUR EVERYDAY LIVES? What are the greatest technological inventions?

I think (the telephone / the mobile phone / the television / the computer) … is/are the greatest technological invention(s). There are a lot of important technological inventions such as (the washing machine / the photocopier / the answering machine / the satellite) … The invention of (the radio / the fax machine / the satellite) … was a milestone in the history of technology.

Which electrical devices are used at our homes and why are they useful?

Electrical devices such as (the electric toothbrush / the hairdryer / the electric razor) … surround us at home. (The washing machine / The dishwasher / The vacuum cleaner) … are called labour saving devices because (they save our time / make our life easier/ better) … The most common electrical devices used at home are (the toaster / the microwave / the food mixer) …

Which electronic devices do you use for entertainment?

I have (a DVD-player / a CD-player / a computer / an iPod) … and (I am very happy with it/them / it makes me happy) ... Having (a computer / an iPad / an MP3-player) … means that I can (listen to music wherever I am / play computer games) … With my/the (video recorder / internet access / word processor) ... I can (record my favourite soap opera if I miss it / download music and ringtones / write a letter) …

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

CONVERSATION

How did people live without electrical devices and how has their life been changed by them?

Before the (washing machine / electric cooker / dishwasher / light bulb) … was invented, people had to (wash by hand / make fire / do the washing up) … Life without the (car / washing machine) … was (more inconvenient / cheaper / easier) … It’s very difficult to (keep up with / get used to) … the latest technological inventions and the older generations are (shocked by / surprised by / not always interested in / not willing to use) … these inventions.

Which electronic device would you miss the most?

I couldn’t live without my (digital camera / computer) … because I’m (addicted to the internet / I’m fond of taking photographs) … I cannot imagine my life without my (DVD-player / mobile phone) … Despite the fact that (computers / photocopiers / mobile phones) … can be (very harmful to personal relationships / expensive) …, I’m convinced that they are (useful / necessary / essential) ...

9/3 WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE COMPUTER / INTERNET IN OUR EVERYDAY LIVES? What do you use the computer for?

I have my own computer at home, and I use it for various purposes such as (writing essays/letters / listening to music) … I’m not very keen on computers, but sometimes I (use the word processor / play computer games / watch films on it) … Since we have a computer at home I always (download/print my photos / check my e-mails / save and print out my documents) … on/with it. We don’t have a computer at home, so I use the one in the (school library / internet café) ...

What do people generally use the internet for?

By connecting to the internet we can easily download (any kind of information we need / films or music) … There are lots of services that the world wide web offers us. People who have access to it can (search/browse the internet with the help of search engines / visit chat rooms and chat with friends / send and receive emails / browse their favourite popstar’s/filmstar’s/football/basketball team’s website) … Lots of people need and use the internet in one way or another, people (buy and sell things / do e-commerce / create websites and advertise / do research for their studies or jobs) ... on/via the Net.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a computer and internet access at home?

There’s no doubt the internet has revolutionised our lives, we can (get access to all kinds of information / connect with people even on the other side of the world) … in seconds. The world has been opened up by the internet, everything is within reach, but this is also a source of danger because (we may lose our personal interaction / we may download computer viruses accidentally / children can get access to unsuitable information) … Everything has become quicker, easier and more available with it, although there is always a negative side as well, for example, (people don’t read books anymore / unlicensed downloading of films/music / our life can be observed and checked by unauthorized people without our knowledge) …

How does the internet change people’s lives?

It helps us by making everyday duties such as (shopping / booking holidays/ tickets / doing business) … much (easier / faster / less complicated) ... I’m afraid we will (lose our personal contact with other people / stop socialising/going out) … if we do everything through the internet. Our life will be (opened up to the whole world / limited down to the four walls of our room) ... because fortunately, and at the same time unfortunately, we will be able to do everything from our rooms.

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY How do you use the internet in your studies?

CONVERSATION

When I have to (write an essay / do a presentation for school) ..., I usually go to the library and (search / browse) ... the internet for information. If I’m really interested in a topic, I sit down to (my computer / a computer at school) … and do some research on it. I can get information about anything I need for (my further studies / the school/university/college I would like to be admitted to / the requirements for the school leaving exams) …

9/4 WHAT KINDS OF FUNCTIONS DO MOBILE PHONES HAVE? What is your mobile phone like?

It is a (small / flat / slide) … phone. I have quite a/an (old-fashioned / big) ... phone, so I’m thinking of buying a new one. I got a new mobile phone from my parents for (my last birthday / Christmas) …, it’s the latest model with (multicolour display / various ringtones / several functions) …

What kinds of functions does it have?

My mobile phone has almost all the functions possible for a mobile, for example (alarm clock / calculator / MP3 player / radio / touch screen / compact digital camera / GPS navigation system / internet access) … My mobile phone is not the latest type, but there are phones that (have Bluetooth / have a camera / have a calendar/a timer / can send and receive email and multimedia messages) … Apart from (making and taking calls / sending and receiving text messages) ..., I don’t really use my phone for other things, although I know that I could also (download information/music from the internet / make and store notes/ reminders in it) …

How did you choose your mobile phone?

Since my parents were paying for it, I had to choose a phone that was (cheap / reasonably priced / practical) … I have always wanted a phone that (was fashionable / I would be able to use for several years / wouldn’t break down too often / doesn’t get damaged too easily) … I don’t have too much pocket money, but I’ve been saving some up for a couple of months to buy a new one that (has a large, high-res screen / a removable battery / can be used as a camera/video camera) …

What do you think about the way some people use their mobile phones in public?

I hate it when people (talk too loudly / shout personal details of their lives into their phones) ... in the street. I always (mute / turn off ) my phone when I’m at (the cinema / the theatre / school) … I can’t understand why people don’t respect other people by turning off their mobile phones when they are (at a meeting/conference / in hospital) … I think it’s OK to use your mobile phone in public places because you might (have an urgent phone call to make / be expecting an urgent call ) ...

How have mobile phones changed our lives and our communication?

It seems that some people are simply not able to (live/manage without / turn off) ... their mobile phones. It’s true that they have made communication much (easier / more efficient) …, and you can reach almost everybody almost anywhere and almost anytime. Now that almost everybody has a mobile phone, it’s much easier to (cancel/postpone a meeting with your friends / tell your parents that you will be coming home late / gain access to all kinds of services) …

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SITUATIONS

9/1 CHOOSING A TOPIC FOR AN ARTICLE IN THE SCHOOL MAGAZINE You are the chairperson of the school science club and you have an opportunity to put an article about a scientific topic in the school magazine. Now you have to decide with the editor (played by the examiner) what the article should be about. Choose one of these three topics and give reasons for your choice: l robots in the household l hybrid cars l plastic surgery. Start by greeting the editor. 9/2 CHOOSING THE MOST IMPORTANT HOUSEHOLD DEVICES You are moving to another town. You are going to live there and therefore you need some household appliances. Your parents have offered to buy the most important things for you. Now talk to your mother / father (played by the examiner) about what you need the most and what you would like to have there. Use the pictures for ideas.

Start by telling your mother / father that you will need some appliances in your flat. 9/3 CONVINCE YOUR GRANDMOTHER ABOUT THE ADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET Your grandmother (played by the examiner) is asking you about computers and the internet. She is very sceptical about them. Convince her that they are very useful. Use these prompts: l l l l

useful for your studies keep in touch with friends and relatives entertainment possibilities things you like about them the most.

Start by greeting your grandmother. 9/4 HELP YOUR FRIEND CHOOSE A MOBILE PHONE Your friend (played by the examiner) would like to buy a new mobile phone and he / she is asking you to help him / her choose. Tell him / her about your own mobile and explain to him / her why it would be great if he / she bought this type of phone, too. Use the prompts for ideas: l l l l l l

touch screen multimedia games large memory digital camera WAP.

Start by greeting your friend. 149

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

9/1 CHOOSING A TOPIC FOR AN ARTICLE IN THE SCHOOL MAGAZINE A – Hi! It’s good to see you. B – Hi! What’s the problem? A – It’s about the school magazine. I’ve been told that the science club can write an article which would be published in the next issue of the school magazine. B – Do you already have any ideas about the topic? A – Yes, I do. I actually have several ideas. B – Really? Tell me about them. A – Well, we could write about robots in the household. B – Sounds good. Is this the only one? A – No, it’s not. We could also write about hybrid cars. That seems to be a hot topic nowadays. B – Has the club recommended only technological subjects? A – No, they haven’t. The last idea was to write about plastic surgery. B – All of them sound interesting. Do you have a favourite one? A – I am not sure about which I like the most. I think both the robots and the hybrid cars are really interesting topics. B – What about plastic surgery? Do you think it would attract less attention? A – I think it is quite a controversial issue and it would create tension. It is not very common for our age group either. B – OK, so that one is out. Then which one of the other two should it be? A – I believe that robots will play a significant role in every part of our life in the future, and it is a fascinating topic, so I would suggest that one. B – Great! Then write the article and send it over to me by email, and we’ll put it in the magazine. A – That would be fantastic. Thank you. I’ll send it over to you before the end of this week. B – All right. See you later. A – See you. 9/2 CHOOSING THE MOST IMPORTANT HOUSEHOLD DEVICES A – Mum / Dad, I’d like to talk to you about something. B – Yes, my dear. What is it? A – You know when I move to Budapest next month I’ll need some household appliances there. B – I know. We’ll go and buy some tomorrow. Until then you should decide what the most important ones are. We can’t afford to buy everything now. A – I know. I’ve already thought about it. B – And what do you think you’ll need? A – First of all I’ll need a vacuum cleaner. I mean I have to keep the flat clean. B – You’re right. A – And then I’ll need a hairdryer as well. You know that I always wash my hair in the morning. I can’t go to university with wet hair! B – Yes. What else? A – Maybe a sandwich maker. I was thinking about getting a toaster but then I realized that I can make toast with the sandwich maker as well. This way I won’t need a toaster. B – Excellent. Great idea! A – I was thinking about a microwave oven, too. I have to have something I can quickly warm my food in. B – Yes, you’re right. A – A tea maker would also be nice, or a coffee maker. I haven’t decided yet. B – How about an electric kettle? By the way, you shouldn’t drink that much coffee, you know that. A – I know, but it keeps me awake. And the kettle is a good idea. B – OK. Anything else? A – I don’t think I’ll need a washing machine. I can bring the laundry home, right? B – Yes, of course, you can. A – It’s just the same with a dishwasher. I can do the washing up myself. B – Good to hear that. A – Is there anything else? B – Do you want to bake anything? A – I don’t think so. Why? B – Then you won’t need a food processor. A – No, I don’t think I will. I think that’s all. Thanks Mum / Dad! B – You’re welcome.

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

9/3 CONVINCE YOUR GRANDMOTHER ABOUT THE ADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET A – Hi, Grandma! B – Hello. What are you doing? A – I am surfing the net. B – What is that? Is it the internet again? A – Yes, it is. Why are you asking? B – You spend all your time in front of that box. What is so good about it? A – Well, you see, the internet opens up the world for you. You can learn about anything on the internet. B – What do you mean? A – You can find everything there, for example, recipes, information about actors, countries, towns, scientists and their works, anything. B – Really? A – Yes. And you can read newspaper articles and books, and even watch films or music videos. B – Interesting. A – Full encyclopaedias and dictionaries are also available. They are very useful. B – Do you use the internet for your studies as well? A – Yes, of course. I usually look for information, I read essays about the topic, I can also find pictures and maps, so basically everything. B – Fascinating. A – Yes, it’s also good for keeping phone bills down. I can chat on the computer with my friends and it costs nothing. B – Really? A – Yes, and I already have my own website on the internet. Would you like to see it? B – Yes, of course. A – It is about my favourite ice hockey team. It contains information about the team, pictures of the players, and reports about the matches. I write them. B – And you can do it with this computer? A – Yes. You could also use it and download recipes and chat in forums. B – Oh, I don’t think it is for me. I’m too old for it. But isn’t it dangerous to chat with strange people? A – Well, you don’t have to meet them. The only dangerous things are viruses, but I have an excellent antivirus program. B – I see. Well, I’m going now and let you chat with your friends. Bye. A – Bye. 9/4 HELP YOUR FRIEND CHOOSE A MOBILE PHONE A – Hi! How are you doing? B – Hi! I’m fine, thanks. Except my mobile phone is not working. A – What’s wrong with it? B – I can’t switch it on. But I’ve already talked to my parents and they’ve promised to buy me a new one for my birthday. A – Oh, and what kind of mobile do you want? B – It will be a ... I’m not sure which type. A – I have a ... . I think it looks really cool. B – Yes, it does. A – I like this model. You only have to push a button to talk. It will automatically pick it up. B – Wow. It sounds good. A – Yes, and it has a huge colour display. B – Does it have a camera? A – Of course it does. It comes with a digital zoom and you can take good quality pictures. B – OK. A – And not only that, it can record videos up to an hour! B – Wow. Cool. A – It also has Media Player so I can play videos on it. And I can listen to the radio and download all sorts of apps as well. B – It has a lot of functions! A – Yes, that’s the best in it. And the usual stuff like messaging and games are also available. B – And when did you get yours? A – Last month for my birthday. It would be so nice if you could have the same type. B – Yes, it would. I can’t wait to get it. I hope my parents won’t find it too expensive. A – Well, it’s not that expensive as far as I know. B – OK. Thanks for the information. A – All right. Call me when you get it. B – I will. Bye. A – Bye. 151

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

PRESENTATION

9/1 POPULAR SCIENCES These pictures are in connection with popular sciences. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

the most popular fields of sciences benefits of scientific achievements for humanity fields that have developed the most where you have encountered these developments.

9/2 INVENTIONS These pictures show inventions that have changed our lives. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

invention s and discoveries which changed people’s lives life without them ideas for further developments inventions you couldn’t live without.

9/3 DIFFERENT USES OF THE INTERNET These pictures show different uses of the internet. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

different uses of the internet the advantages and disadvantages of using the internet the changes caused by the internet in our everyday life what you use it for.

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS 9/1 POPULAR SCIENCES When I think of science I think of some of my school subjects such as mathematics, physics, chemistry or biology. I think scientists would define science in different ways. I think physics, chemistry and biology are the most popular branches of natural science. A lot of research is carried out in these fields as we try to learn more and more about our universe, and we try to find new medicines and cures for deadly diseases and fatal illnesses. I think these areas of research are really useful, because the results help people all over the world. Of course, there are always controversies because many experiments are carried out on animals, and animal activists protest against that all the time. I think research is very important, although I am not really sure what I think about genetic engineering, for example. It is good if doctors can cure illnesses and disabilities through it, but I don’t think we should use it to create “perfect” people. It is unethical. Space research is very interesting. I think everybody would like to know if life exists on other planets, so I definitely support it. Research carried out about the greenhouse effect and alternative energy sources is also very important. I think anything is worth supporting that makes our world healthier and better, but we have to be careful not to make mistakes. We often can’t foresee the consequences of discoveries and inventions: as happened in the case of nuclear power, for example. I am fascinated by the development of information technology, medicine, and space exploration. They have achieved incredible things. Space stations have been set up, the complete human genome has been mapped, and gadgets are getting smaller and smaller and more multifunctional. Think of the mobile phone, it is a pocket calculator, an alarm clock, a camera, an MP3 player and a phone all in one. When scientists discover or invent something it is usually presented in a periodical, or in their official journal. We most often hear about new inventions when we watch the evening news on TV, or read about some of them in the daily papers. We also have specialised TV channels at home, such as Discovery and Spektrum, which show science programmes. Personally, I am interested in sciences, so I often watch these channels and I read articles on the internet as well. They are not only interesting but educational, too. I’ve learned a lot from these programmes. 9/2 INVENTIONS The history of technology is full of inventions which have changed our lives, for example the washing machine, the electric or gas cooker, the car, the microwave – the list is endless. These devices have influenced our everyday life both in positive and negative ways, too. They make our lives easier and more comfortable but at the same time they need power, usually from non-renewable sources and this is harmful to the environment. Life before these gadgets was not impossible although a lot of people can’t imagine those times. Previous generations didn’t have washing machines, dishwashers, mobile phones, cars, not even a fridge! They washed their clothes in the stream or in a washbowl. They preserved food in smoke or salt or on ice. They did the washing up by hand as many people do even today. If we think back, only 15-20 years ago people managed their lives without a mobile phone and not everybody owned a car. I don’t think the development of these devices has ended, scientists are always coming up with new ideas, functions and incredible innovations. It is not necessarily bad. I can hardly wait for a washing machine that hangs out the washing after the cycle has ended, and a robot which walks my dog would also be nice. I can’t imagine life without my mobile phone and iPod. If I accidentally leave them at home, I miss them a lot. I can’t listen to music or call my friends if I’m late. My mum, on the other hand, thinks that I shouldn’t be so addicted to these gadgets because there are other things in life that I should be paying more attention to. 9/3 DIFFERENT USES OF THE INTERNET People nowadays use the internet in almost every part of their lives. They use it for communication, exchanging emails, sending and receiving messages and chatting in different chat rooms, even making friends. For most people, besides a means of communication, it also serves as a great source of information. If there is something you are particularly interested in, all you need to do is to start a search engine and browse a few websites to get what you need. It’s also possible to download films, music, video clips, etc. The internet is becoming more and more important in the world of business as well, think of e-commerce and e-banking (i.e. managing your bank account via the internet). It’s only a matter of seconds to book a holiday, a hotel room or to buy and sell things on the internet. The world wide web offers quick and easy access to every part of the world, so it has opened up the world for us. These are the main advantages to it; there are no limits with it. It’s also very fast and easy to use. Not to mention the fact that it’s always more comfortable to do your shopping from home than to stand in queues for hours at the checkouts. Apart from the many advantages there are a lot of disadvantages, too. The information that we get on the internet is not always filtered or controlled, so it might contain some information that is harmful to small children. Another drawback is that people who spend too much time in front of the computer surfing the internet often become lonely and find it difficult to make real friends. I visit various chat rooms myself, but the friends I make on these portals are not the only ones I have. I’m not the type that would sit in front of the computer all day long. I use the internet for practical things such as writing emails and chatting with my friends. If I’m interested in a topic or when I have to write an essay or do a presentation for school, I often look for the information I need on the internet. 153

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SCIENCES natural sciences physics chemistry biology zoology botany meteorology social sciences antropology archeology economics geograhpy history law linguistics politics psychology sociology liberal arts medicine

természettudományok fizika kémia biológia állattan növénytan meteorológia társadalomtudományok antropológia régészet közgazdaságtan földrajztudomány történelem jogtudomány nyelvészet politikatudomány pszichológia szociológia szabad bölcsészet orvostudomány

TECHNOLOGIES, INDUSTRIES scientist tudós researcher kutató engineer mérnök discoverer felfedező inventor feltaláló biotechnology biotechnológia climate research klímakutatás computing számítástechnika genetic engineering génsebészet information and infokommunikációs communications technológia / IKT technology / ICT microelectronics mikroelektronika nuclear technology atomtechnológia robotics robottechnológia space research űrkutatás telecommunications telekommunikáció study the laws of nature tanulmányozza a természet törvényeit search for sg keres vmit do research kutatást végez investigation kutatás carry out experiments kísérleteket hajt végre write scientific articles tudományos cikkeket ír make discoveries felfedezéseket tesz discover felfedez invent feltalál invention találmány innovate újít innovation újítás improve fejleszt

WORD LIST

TECHNICAL DEVICES gadget home appliances air conditioning dishwasher vacuum cleaner washing machine microwave oven refrigerator answerphone fax machine photocopier printer smart phone camcorder video recorder tablet digital television remote control rechargeable battery automatic wireless portable plug in switch on switch off set record play rewind pause / stop volume counter high technology state-of-the-art

"kütyü" háztartási eszközök légkondicionálás mosogatógép porszívó mosógép mikrohullámú sütő hűtőgép üzenetrögzítő fax fénymásoló nyomtató okostelefon videókamera videomagnó táblagép digitális televízió(zás) távirányító újratölthető elem automata vezeték nélküli hordozható bedugja a csatlakozót bekapcsol kikapcsol beállít felvételt készít lejátszik visszateker megállít hangerő számláló csúcstechnológia legkorszerűbb

COMPUTERS hardware / software power supply system unit CPU hard disk memory USB port CD / DVD drive monitor keyboard mouse touch pad headset camera speakers cables pen drive

hardver / szoftver tápegység rendszeregység mikroprocesszor merevlemez memória USB kimenet CD- / DVD-meghajtó képernyő billentyűzet egér érintőtábla fejhallgató kamera hangszóró kábelek pendrive

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10 MONEY MATTERS

CONVERSATION

10/1 DO YOU EVER TALK TO YOUR PARENTS ABOUT MONEY MATTERS OR THE FAMILY’S FINANCIAL SITUATION? Who is the bread-winner in your family?

My (father / mother / older brother)... is the breadwinner in my family because (my mother is ill and has been pensioned off / I have a stay-athome mum / my father died / my parents are both unemployed at the moment)... My parents (are both working / are unemployed / are running a private business)... so (we don’t have any problems / our money is tight at the moment / everything depends on the success of the business)...

How many salaries do you live on?

We live on (one / two / three)... salary/salaries because (only my father works / both of my parents work / my mother is on maternity leave at the moment / my brother has a job and he still lives with us)... We live on two salaries but/and (both of my parents get minimum wages / they are not really high / we have high expenses / we are a big family / we also get child benefit for my little sister / we have several loans which we have to pay back)...

Does your family have a monthly budget?

I don’t think (we have a monthly budget / my parents keep track of their expenditures / we have to pay close attention to what we spend money on / my parents have a list of expenses)… As far as I can see my family (usually lists all expenditures / keeps a record of expenses / plans ahead for bigger expenses / has limited funds / has a tight monthly budget)…, we need to be careful with our expenditure.

Do you take part in the budget planning?

My parents (never talk to me about money / always ask me if I need something that could be expensive / usually involve me in the monthly budget planning)… We usually (sit down and plan everything together / don’t have money problems so we don’t have to plan ahead / plan the big monthly shopping together / discuss the family money matters and my parents let us know if we have to cut back our expenses)…

10/2 WHAT DO YOU NEED MONEY FOR IN YOUR DAILY LIFE? What do you buy day by day?

I usually buy (some food in the school canteen / a coke for the way home / small things such as chewing gum or a bar of chocolate)… every day so I need to have money on me. I don’t need money every day, I (have a monthly season ticket for the bus / take a sandwich with me to school / don’t buy anything at the school buffet)… I only need money when I (forget to take my bus pass / don’t have anything to eat / want to buy something after school)…

Do you get pocket money from your parents?

I get a certain amount of money (every month / every week / when I take home a good report / when I help around the house / when I help my father in his job)… I don’t get pocket money (but my parents give me some when I need to buy something / but I have a part-time job and I earn some / because I usually get money for special occasions)… and I manage on that.

How do you plan your expenses?

I usually get (money for my birthday and nameday / pocket money every week / monthly pocket money)… and I (make do with that for my spending / think over what I need to buy / consider what I want to get)… I have a monthly budget and I (plan my expenses as best as I can / plan bigger expenditures well in advance / save up part of my money for unexpected events such as parties or shopping sprees)…

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10 MONEY MATTERS How do you save money?

CONVERSATION

Most of the time I (get more pocket money than I spend / get money for Christmas / get money from my grandparents when I help them around the house)… and I (keep that in a box at home / save it up / pay it into my savings account ) I don’t have much money (but when I get some I try to save some of it / but I put some in my piggy bank whenever I can / so I don’t have any savings / and I spend it all, unfortunately)…

10/3 HOW OFTEN DO YOU GO TO THE BANK? WHAT SORT OF SERVICES DO YOU USE THERE? Why do you go to the bank?

I go to the bank when I want to (exchange money / pay some money into my account / put some money into my savings account / deposit money / check my account balance / enquire about interest rates for my savings)... I’ve just been to the bank to (open a bank account / check my account balance / exchange money for my holiday)...

Do you have a bank account? What do you use it for?

I don’t have a bank account because (I don’t have enough money to keep in it / I don’t have a regular income / I don’t need it yet)... I have a bank account and (I keep my savings in it / a bank card so that I don’t have to carry so much money on me)...

How do you access your money? How often do you use the ATM?

When I need money from my account I (go to the bank / withdraw some from it / go to the ATM)... I (don’t use the ATM too often / try to use the ATM only once or twice a month)... because withdrawing money costs a lot.

How do you plan to solve your finances at college / after school? What do you think of the student loan programme? Will you apply for any loans?

When I finish school I (want to go to college / plan to go to university / want to start working / may go abroad)... and I think I will (need to apply for a student loan / have to apply for a loan when I start earning money / stay at home until I can save up some money)... I think loans are (useful / dangerous / necessary)... but/and I (will need to apply for one too / won’t be able to manage without one / will need to consider if and when I can pay it back)...

10/4 WHAT KINDS OF SHOPS DO YOU GO TO AND WHAT DO YOU USUALLY BUY THERE? Do you like shopping?

I really like shopping, (the market / the boutiques / the shopping centre) ... is / are my favourite place(s). Shopping is always a nightmare for me because (there is a crowd / I have to stand in the queue) ... I really hate it if I have to go to (the market / the corner shop / the supermarket) ... because I (never know if the vegetables are really fresh / always buy unnecessary things) ...

What are the differences between shopping in different places?

If we think of the (variety / quality / atmosphere / facilities), ... (supermarkets / corner shops / boutiques) ... are the best. In my opinion a (supermarket / shopping centre) ... is better / worse than a (corner shop / boutique / market) ... because (there is a bigger variety / prices are lower / it is self-service / shop assistants are friendly) ...

What do you especially like or dislike buying?

I especially like buying (clothes / jewellery / books / CDs / shoes) ... because I like (trying clothes on / browsing among the shelves) ... I don’t mind buying (food / fruit) ... at the (supermarket / market / grocery) … or going to the (baker’s / florist’s / greengrocer’s) ... I’m not very keen on (visiting the butcher’s / standing in the queue at the supermarket checkout) ...

Where do you go shopping for clothes?

I think the best shops are (in the shopping centres / on the high street / in the city centre / in Budapest) ... I always find something to buy (at the market / in the local department store / in the second-hand shop nearby) ... Before I buy something I always (take a look around / try it on / check the quality of the material / consider the price / ask the opinion of my best friend) ...

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10 MONEY MATTERS

CONVERSATION

Where do you buy your daily food? What about the weekends?

If I only have to buy (the daily bread and milk / a few things for dinner / some food) ... I go to the (nearby grocery / the corner shop) ... because it is (faster / closer) ... and it’s good to support local businesses. When we need a lot of things we go to (the big supermarket / the shopping centre) ... because (it is cheaper / we can find everything under one roof) ... Sometimes we even go to the market to buy (fresh fruit / vegetables / fresh eggs from the village farmers) ... because they are (of good quality / cheaper / healthier) ...

What are the advantages / disadvantages of counter versus self-service shops?

I like counter-service shops more because I can (talk to the friendly shop assistant / ask for all the articles / get advice) ... and I don’t have to (look for the goods myself / push a trolley) ... I prefer self-service because (of the variety / I can choose from the goods myself / I can look through the goods and decide which one I like the most / I can take time and look around) ... I can’t stand (small boutiques with bored shop assistants / supermarkets with crowds of people) …

10/5 WHAT KINDS OF SERVICES ARE THERE IN YOUR HOMETOWN? What services do you have? What else could you make use of?

I think we have everything we need, for example, (a pharmacy / a fitness club) ... I really think that a (petrol station / bank / takeaway restaurant / medical centre / kindergarten) ... would be useful to have. The only thing we lack is (cable TV / a swimming pool / an ice rink / a dentist) ... I could really do with (a public library / an internet café / a cinema) ...

How often do you need these services? What kind of service do they offer?

Whenever something goes wrong in the house we call a (plumber / mechanic) ... for example, to fix the/a (dripping tap / leaking pipe / DVD player / broken window) ... If I need (to post a letter, I go to the post office / money, I go to the ATM/bank) ...

Where can you find more / better / cheaper services?

In towns there is usually a bigger selection of services such as (schools / libraries / doctor’s surgeries / mechanics / language/dance courses) ... Nowadays (shops / fast-food restaurants) ... are open around the clock almost everywhere. The (shops / restaurants / garages / petrol stations) ... have longer opening hours in towns as opposed to villages.

What do you use regularly? Where do you go most often?

Every month I go to the (hairdresser’s / beautician’s / community centre) ... Recently, I needed to call the (doctor / mechanic) ... several times. I go to the (DVD rental store / post office) ... almost every week.

10/6 WHEN AND WHY DO YOU BUY CERTAIN GOODS? ARE YOU INFLUENCED BY ADS OR SALES? How do commercials and ads influence you? Do you buy the brand new products when you see them advertised?

I (don’t watch commercials / don’t pay attention to ads / don’t care about promotions)... I only buy the stuff I really need. I (follow new brands and goods / like to get the latest and most fashionable goods / like to know what is fashionable even if I don’t buy it)... so I always watch commercials and ads. I am (very much / slightly / occasionally)... influenced by ads and commercials and I (go and buy the promoted stuff immediately / may consider buying the article / must have what they are showing on TV / have to get the latest products)...

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10 MONEY MATTERS

CONVERSATION

How can you save money when buying certain goods?

I think we have to (check where they are the cheapest / wait until they are on sale / check if we can get any discount if we buy more than one / check if we can get three for the price of two / look for vouchers or coupons)... We can save a lot if we (buy several items at a time / keep our eyes open and buy the cheapest one of everything / go for quality and use the product carefully so that it lasts for a long time)...

Do you check price reduction and sales leaflets?

I (’m fed up with the sales leaflets we receive all the time / actually hate it that our postbox is always so full of these leaflets / just throw the leaflets away when I get them)... I think (leaflets are very useful / we need to pay attention to sale prices / it is great to be informed about the latest price reductions)... I (always go through the leaflets to find the best prices / occasionally check them when I want to buy something / help my parents find the best offers before we do our monthly shopping)...

Do you ever use coupons or vouchers?

I never use coupons or vouchers because I (am not interested in them / don’t have time to look for them / have enough money to buy myself stuff without them)... I use coupons and vouchers (whenever I can / if I have any / every time I get one)... because I (think it is a good savings opportunity / could not buy some things without the discount / feel better if I can save some money)...

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10 MONEY MATTERS

SITUATIONS

10/1 FAMILY BUDGET, SAVING MONEY You have just obtained your driver’s licence and you want to buy a used car for yourself. You have half of the money for it from your savings. Ask your parents to finance the other half. Use the following ideas to support your request: l l l l l

you agreed that you can use your savings as you wish you need a car to get around and be independent you are graduating; this could be your present you have a part-time job; you can finance the maintenance and the petrol you are a responsible driver.

Start by greeting your mother / father (played by the examiner). 10/2 BANKING You need a bank account when you go to university / start working. Go to the bank and open an account with the following conditions: l l l l l

current account no bank account fees two free withdrawals per month online banking portal free savings account.

Start by greeting the bank employee at the counter (played by the examiner). 10/3 DOING THE SHOPPING You are an exchange student in Banbury. You are on your way home and you call your host mother (played by the examiner) to ask whether you need to do the shopping. Ask her about the following: l the products you need to buy (bread, dairy products, cold cuts, fruit and vegetables) l where to buy these things l how to pay (cash / credit card). Start by calling your host mother. 10/4 EXCHANGE A FAULTY CAMERA You are an exchange student in London. You have recently bought a camera which is not working properly and you decide to take it back to the shop. Discuss the following ideas with the shop assistant (played by the examiner) and agree on one of the possibilities. l l l l

when and where you bought the camera problems (batteries / picture quality / memory) necessary documents (receipt / warranty) possibilities (exchange / refund / repair)

Start by telling the shop assistant about your problem.

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10 MONEY MATTERS

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

10/1 FAMILY BUDGET, SAVING MONEY A – Hi Mum! B – Hi dear! A – Can I ask you something? B – Sure! Go ahead! A – I was thinking about buying myself a car. B – A what? A – A car. It wouldn’t be a new one, just a used one. B – Oh, my dear! Are you sure about that? A – Absolutely! I have half the money already. If you could finance the other half, I could buy a quite good one. B – I’m not entirely sure that it’s a good idea. A – Come on, Mum! It could be my graduation present. B – But do you really want to use your savings for a car? What about next year when you go to university? Wouldn’t you need it for something else? A – You said I could spend it on anything I want to. B – That’s true but is it what you really want? A – Yes! And I need a car for next year. I could be a lot more independent if I had a car. B – And how would you finance the servicing, the insurance and the petrol? A – I want to keep my part-time job so I would have a regular income. B – Wouldn’t it be too soon, or dangerous? A – You know that I’m a responsible driver. B – Yes, I know that you are. A – So what do you say? Can I have it? B – I’ll talk to your father about it. A – Thanks Mum! B – You’re welcome! 10/2 BANKING A – Good morning! B – Good morning! How can I help you? A – I’d like to open an account. B – Certainly! I’ll need some identification from you. Do you have your ID or driver’s licence with you? A – Yes, I have my ID. Here you are. B – Thank you. Can you please tell me your name, the date and place of your birth and your permanent address? A – Ferenc Nagy. I was born on 15th December, 1996 in Budapest. My address is 23 Arany Street, Budaörs, 2040. B – Thank you. What’s your ID number? A – It’s CA32761223. B – Thank you. What sort of an account would you like to open? A – I’d like to open a current account. B – Right. We have three types available now. A – Do they have free withdrawal options? B – Yes, you can withdraw money from all of them twice a month free of charge. A – That’s great! Do they include access to the online banking portals? B – Actually only two of them have that possibility. A – And do any of them have a free savings account attached to the current account? B – Yes, our extra package includes that too. A – And what is the account fee on the extra account? B – It’s a no-fee account. A – It sounds good. I think I’ll choose that one. B – Right. When do you think you’ll have regular transactions on the account? A – From September. B – All right. So the account is now created. You’ll be informed about the account number in a letter. Your bank card and your PIN will be sent to you too in separate envelopes. A – OK. Thank you. B – If you want to pay money into your current or savings accounts you can do that online or in person at the bank. A – That’s fine. Thanks. B – Do you have any questions? A – No, I don’t think so. B – Right. Here’s the contract. Please sign it at the bottom of the page. One copy is yours, you can read all the terms and conditions and the way you can use the accounts and your card there. A – Thank you. B – You’re welcome. Bye. A – Bye. 160

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10 MONEY MATTERS

SAMPLE SITUATIONS

10/3 DOING THE SHOPPING A – Hi …! B – Hi darling! Is everything OK? A – Sure! I just wanted to ask you if you want me to do the shopping. B – How nice of you! That would be great! A – OK. What shall I buy? B – Let me see. I think we’re running out of milk, butter, cold cuts, cheese, and vegetables. A – Right. Anything else? B – If you could buy some chicken breast and rice. I want to cook a chicken paella for dinner. A – Sure! That sounds lovely. B – I think that’s all. A – Shall I buy them all in the supermarket? B – Well, you can buy the dairy stuff there. Then you can get the vegetables and meat at the market on your way home. A – OK. I’ll stop by there too. B – Will you be able to find all of them? A – I’m sure I will. B – All right. It’s such a great help for me. A – No problem. Just one more question. B – Yes? A – How shall I pay? By cash or with the partner card you gave me? B – You can use the partner card. You know the PIN, don’t you? A – Yes, I know it. Thank you. B – Just call me if you have any trouble with it. A – OK. I will. I’ll talk to you later then. B – Fine. Bye! A – Bye. 10/4 EXCHANGE A FAULTY CAMERA A – Good morning. B – Good morning. How can I help you? A – I would like to exchange my camera. It doesn’t work. B – Did you buy it here? A – Yes I did. I bought it in this shop last week. B – What’s wrong with it? A – Well, first of all, the batteries go flat very quickly. B – Very interesting. Is that all? A – No, it also takes very blurred pictures. B – Did you try to set the focus? A – Yes, but it didn’t help. Actually, it’s not possible. It always moves away. B – Anything else? A – Yes, the memory card also loses data. I mean I have taken about a hundred pictures, I’m quite sure of that, and could only find about twenty. B – Most interesting. Did you read the user’s manual before you tried to use it? A – Of course I read it. I did everything according to the instructions. B – Well, let me have a look at it. … Hmmm, I can see there is something wrong with it. A – Just as I said. B – What would you like us to do? Shall we give you a refund, exchange the camera or have it repaired? A – I’d like to have another camera. B – OK. Do you have the receipt and the warranty? A – Of course. Here you are. B – Thank you very much. Here you are. Your new camera. Here are the receipt and the warranty. Please read the user’s manual before you use it. If there’s something wrong with it, you can bring it back within the next six months. A – Thanks. Bye. B – Bye.

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10 MONEY MATTERS

PRESENTATION

10/1 MONEY MATTERS AND BANKING These pictures show different ways of paying for goods and services. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

what we need money for in our daily lives in what forms we can pay for goods and services the advantages and disadvantages of these forms of payments what you use and prefer.

10/2 SHOPPING These pictures show different places where people do their shopping. Compare and contrast the pictures. Include the following points: l l l l

the main differences between a corner shop and a supermarket the reason for going to each of these places how often and with whom you go to these places what you bought last time and where.

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10 MONEY MATTERS

PRESENTATION

10/3 SAVING MONEY ON SHOPPING These pictures show ways you can buy goods at a reduced price. Compare and contrast them. Include the following ideas: l l l l

where you can shop at reduced prices what sort of goods you can buy there how you can get informed about price reductions and sales your personal experiences and preferences.

10/4 ADS AND COMMERCIALS These pictures show different ways of advertising products. Compare and contrast them. Include the following points: l l l l

how products are advertised or promoted what the ads and commercials are like how they influence us whether you ever bought something because of an ad.

10/5 SERVICES These pictures show a professional repairman and a woman doing a DIY job. Compare and contrast the pictures. Include the following points: l jobs around the house people can do themselves l cases when you need special services or a repairman l repairs your family does at home l services you have already made use of.

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10 MONEY MATTERS

SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

10/1 MONEY MATTERS AND BANKING I think sometimes we don’t even realize how many things we use money for every day. We use it to travel to school or to our workplaces, we buy food, we pay bills, we put coins in the shopping trolleys and in the vending machine at the bus station. We can only stay away from money for a few days if we don’t go anywhere and we have enough food, drink and clothes at home. When we have to pay for goods or services we can do it in many ways. The most traditional way is to pay for them in cash. This means that we have to have bank notes and coins and we use them for payment. Some people like this method the most because this way they can keep track of their spending better. It is more real for them when they have all their money in their hands and see how it gets less and less. On the other hand it can be dangerous because it makes it quite easy to steal. In certain places we can pay by credit or debit cards as well. Paying by a debit card means that you can spend the money you have in your current bank account. Paying by credit card means that you can spend a certain amount which is lent to you and you have to pay it back it later. These are very convenient ways of spending money, but they can also be quite dangerous. If you don’t check your spending and bank fees carefully, you can overspend your limit. There are also different vouchers that you can receive from your employer or as a birthday present and use later for buying goods and services. There are vouchers for travelling, food, clothes, and services, etc, with which you can pay. Employees often get part of their salary in the form of vouchers and they are popular choices for birthday or Christmas presents too. I don’t have a bank account yet so I normally use cash, but my parents gave me a partner card for their account which I can use in emergency situations. I also get food and clothes vouchers from them regularly as part of my pocket money. This way they can control what I spend my pocket money on. I don’t mind, I can use them for buying my daily food and my clothes just as well. 10/2 SHOPPING We can do our daily or weekly shopping in many different places. The most common places are the supermarkets and small corner shops. Supermarkets are huge, they offer a great variety of products. They have lower prices and better sales offers but are less personal than small shops. Small shops have a different atmosphere. We usually have a good chat with the shop assistant while we ask for the goods we want to buy because most of them are usually counter service shops. However, small shops tend to have a smaller variety and higher prices. Most people go to supermarkets because they find everything they need under one roof, they can save more money on the sales and the lower prices and they can choose among more brands. We mostly go to small shops when we forget something, or when we only want to buy one or two things. I go to both kinds of shops quite often. My family does the weekly shopping in the supermarket and I sometimes go with my parents too to help them push the trolley, pack the goods in the car or carry the bags home. Sometimes they send me there alone and I have to buy lots of things for the weekend meals. When my mother is cooking she sometimes realizes that we don’t have condensed milk, or some spice or cheese at home and she sends me down to the corner shop. Otherwise I also like to buy some bakery stuff for breakfast or a pack of chewing gum at our local corner shop. Last week I had to go to the supermarket because my mother was busy. She gave me a huge list of items to buy. I had to buy food for the Saturday and Sunday meals and some toiletries and cleaning stuff. The trolley was full and I had to pay a lot, but at least she allowed me to take her car and drive there so I enjoyed it. 10/3 SAVING MONEY ON SHOPPING There are lots of places where we can buy goods at reduced prices. We can wait for the seasonal sales at the shops, we can go to second hand shops, or we can also buy stuff from online shops which offer great reductions. We can buy practically anything at a reduced price. Second hand shops usually sell clothes. Some of them sell books, CDs, DVDs, electronic appliances, furniture and other things which have been used by someone already but they are still in good condition and could be of use for someone else. Normal supermarkets and shops have regular big sales and price reductions where we can buy certain goods at reduced prices, or we can buy three for the price of two, or they simply have a limited number of goods which they sell at a really cheap price. Shops which are about to be closed have so-called closing down sales too where they try to sell off everything they have in stock for a minimum price. We can check online shops for huge sales and price reductions or online classified ads where people want to sell their belongings for a small amount. Nowadays the internet is full of all sorts of items which are on sale for good prices. When we want to buy something specific we can look in the sales leaflets supermarkets distribute weekly or monthly, or we can use search engines on the internet to enquire about the best prices. We can also go to a number of shops and places, and take a look around to see where the items are cheaper or where they are on sale. The last time I really wanted to save money was when I bought myself a TV. I really wanted a 3D smart LED TV with HD screen quality and internet connection, which is quite expensive, so it was important for me to buy it at the lowest possible price. I checked several leaflets and searched on the internet as well. Finally, I bought it with a coupon at a reasonable price on the internet with free shipping. I was really happy about it. 164

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10 MONEY MATTERS

SAMPLE PRESENTATIONS

10/4 ADS AND COMMERCIALS Products are advertised and promoted in all sorts of different ways. There are TV and radio commercials, newspaper and magazine ads, we see product placements when they appear in films and TV programmes, we see huge billboards and posters at roadsides and on buildings and walls everywhere, we receive junk emails and leaflets. Ads and commercials can be quite different. Some people distinguish between them on the basis of what they like and what they dislike. Some ads compare products, some simply try to prove that it is the best on the market, some only describe the item, while others list facts and scientific proofs, and some try to be funny or use music and catchy tones to make people remember the products. Nowadays pop stars and famous people also promote stuff. We always want to buy the best, the cheapest, the coolest, the latest products. If commercials and ads suggest that these are not only available to us, but we also need them, we will buy them. It’s also appealing for people to wear the same clothes or perfume, eat the same food, and drink the same drinks as their idols do. Those which offer us better health, a nicer and younger look, better performance at our workplace, or easier and quicker solutions for household chores are especially attractive for people. Usually I don’t fall for commercials but I actually bought my last cell phone because I saw it in one of the James Bond movies. It looked really cool and modern and when I checked out its features I fell in love with it. I actually managed to get a limited edition model which had the Bond logo on it. I like it very much, I’m very proud to have this rare cell phone and I am trying to use it carefully so that it will work for a long time. 10/5 SERVICES There are lots of small things we can repair and lots of other jobs we can do around the house ourselves. For example, we can change the bulb, change the battery in various appliances, drill holes to hang stuff on the wall, assemble furniture, dismantle other things, change old pipes or screws for new ones, etc. For other jobs we sometimes need to call specialists and repairmen or women because special knowledge may be required. For example, if we have a broken pipe in the bathroom, we should call a plumber. If we buy a new cooker, we will need to call an electrician or a gas-fitter to install everything according to the legal standards. This is very important because otherwise these appliances could be dangerous. We take the car to the mechanic if it does not run well, we call the painter if we want to renovate our home and the carpenter if we need new furniture. We also call specialists or odd-job men or women if we need to do jobs for which we don’t have the necessary tools, the time, or the knowledge. My father is great at DIY, he does a lot of things around the house and he has the tools for them too. He’s just recently built a small hut for the wood we keep for heating, he built a new house for our two dogs and he repairs all sorts of machines we have such as the lawnmower or some of the kitchen appliances. He usually spends hours on them and I sometimes help him. A few weeks ago I needed to call the cable company because we had lost all our cable TV channels. My parents weren’t at home so I had to call and ask for a repairman. A nice man came and checked the TV and all the cables in and around the house. In the end it turned out that the cable was broken in front of our house and it had to be reconnected.

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10 MONEY MATTERS

WORD LIST

MONEY MATTERS & BUDGET cash készpénz note bankjegy coin pénzérme change aprópénz earn money pénzt keres salary fizetés wage bér pension nyugdíj social security benefit szociális segély maternity grant GYES (gyermekágyi segély) child benefit családi pótlék allowance juttatás get an allowance juttatást kap pocket money zsebpénz family budget családi költségvetés income bevétel spending kiadás overhead costs rezsiköltségek save megtakarít cost saving idea megtakarítási ötlet cost-effective költséghatékony low-cost alacsony költségű high-cost magas költségű investment befektetés bond kötvény, értékpapír loan kölcsön apply for a loan kölcsönért folyamodik pay up/back visszafizet mortgage jelzálogkölcsön go bankrupt csődbe megy bankruptcy csőd foreclosure ingatlanárverés can / can’t afford sg megengedheti / nem engedheti meg pénzszűke money is tight cut down on spending visszafogja a költekezést cover sy’s expenses fedezi a kiadásait

online banking, e-banking credit credit card debit debt pay in expense insurance interest interest rate overdraft activate a bank card lose the bank card report the loss of the credit card disable / freeze a bank card cancel a bank card expire replacement card fraud ATM (Automated Teller Machine) / cash machine screen insert the card enter the PIN select a transaction correct enter / select the amount to withdraw withdraw / take out cash count cash print the receipt remove the card quit traveller’s cheques exchange money exchange rate currency foreign exchange

BANKING open a bank account bank account number joint account current account deposit account transfer money from / to an account cancel an order withdraw money the account is overdrawn

SHOPPING go shopping do the shopping go on a shopping spree window-shop shopping list corner shop supermarket boutique shopping centre department store market second-hand shop big selection counter service self-service push a trolley take a shopping basket dairy products

balance bank statement fill in paying-in-slip lend borrow bank charge

bankszámlát nyit bankszámlaszám közös bankszámla folyószámla megtakarítási számla pénzt utal bankszámláról / bankszámlára törli a megbízást pénzt levesz számláról túllépte a folyószámlakeretet egyenleg egyenlegértesítő kitölt befizető bizonylat kölcsönad kölcsönvesz bankköltség

internetes bankolás hitel, jóváírás hitelkártya tartozás, terhelés adósság, tartozás befizet költség biztosítás kamat kamatláb hiteltúllépés aktiválja a bankkártyát elveszíti a bankkártyát bejelenti a hitelkártya elvesztését letiltja a bankkártyát bevonja a bankkártyát lejár cserekártya csalás bankjegy-automata képernyő beilleszti a kártyát beüti a PIN-kódot kiválaszt egy tranzakciót javít beüti / kiválasztja a felveendő öszeget felveszi a pénzt megszámolja a pénzt kinyomtatja a bizonylatot kiveszi a kártyát kilép utazási / üdülési csekk pénzt vált valuta árfolyam valuta külföldi valuta vásárolni megy bevásárol bevásárló körútra megy kirakatot nézeget bevásárlólista sarki kis bolt szupermarket butik bevásárlóközpont áruház piac használtruha bolt nagy választék pultos kiszolgálás önkiszolgáló bevásárlókocsit tol bevásárlókosarat vesz tejtermékek

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10 MONEY MATTERS bakery products pékáruk cold cuts felvágottak meat (poultry / pork / beef ) hús (szárnyas / sertés / marha) fruit and vegetables gyümölcsök és zöldségek snacks and sweets rágcsálnivalók és édességek beverages italok frozen foods fagyasztott termékek diet foods diétás ételek cosmetics kozmetikai cikkek hygiene products higéniai termékek housecleaning products háztartási tisztítószerek clothing and footwear ruházat és lábbeli electrical items elektromos cikkek greeting cards üdvözlôlapok pet foods / products állateledelek / termékek toys játékok price ár material anyag vmit felpróbál a próbatry sg on in the fitting room fülkében cashier pénztár / pénztáros information desk információs pult SERVICES opening hours post office surgery dentist chemist / pharmacy hairdresser's beautician beauty salon fitness centre dressmaker shoemaker car mechanic five and dime / variety store / bargain shop

WORD LIST billboard neon sign shop sign roadside sign booklet brochure leaflet throwaway / flyer merchandising reduce the price price reduction sale discount coupon voucher outlet bargain

hirdetőtábla neon felirat boltfelirat útmenti felirat füzet brosúra reklámcédula, szórólap szórólap / prospektus remklámtárgy csökkenti az árat, leárazza leárazás leárazás, kiárusítás, akció kedvezmény kupon vásárlási utalvány outlet, márkabolt vásár

nyitvatartási idő posta orvosi rendelő fogorvos gyógyszertár fodrász kozmetikus szépségszalon fitness terem varrónő cipész autószerelő 100 forintos bolt, olcsó áruk boltja

CONSUMERISM / ADVERTISING consumer fogyasztó audience közönség e-commerce internetes kereskedelem webshop webáruház brand márka advertising campaign reklámkampány promotion promóció, reklámozás, népszerűsítés promote reklámoz, népszerűsít advertisement / advert / ad reklám commercial, TV / radio TV / rádió reklám spot commercial break reklámszünet peek time csúcsidő slogan szlogen motto mottó jingle fülbemászó reklámdallam

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

1/1 INTRODUCE YOURSELF Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Swedish student)

Name: . . . From: Goteborg School: Boarding school in Stockholm Siblings: one brother Hobbies, interests: playing basketball l Hello. I’m . . . . Nice to meet you. l And you? Where are you from? l Do you live in Budapest? l What about you? Do you have a big family? l What kind of school do you go to? l Do you go to school in . . . ? l Is it a good school? Do you like going there? l How about you? What do you like doing in your free time? 1/2 CHOOSE A HOST FAMILY Prompts for the interlocutor:

Family Location Parents Children Pets l l l l l l l l l l l l

The Jones family London (city centre) lawyer & doctor Sue (5), Peter (12) goldfish

(Student exchange programme organiser)

The Richard family Brighton (near the beach) fisherman & shop assistant Paul (18) three cats

The Watson family Outside Oxford (farm) farmers Frank (7), Polly (13), Maggie (15) farm animals, five cats

Good morning! How can I help you? I see. So you would like to choose a host family for your exchange programme. Here you are. You can choose from these families. Would you like to know something about them? Do you have any questions? Right. So the … family lives … The parents in the … family are / work in/as … There is one child / There are … children in the … family. He/She is / They are called … As for pets, the … have … What do you think of them? Where would you like to stay? Are you sure that would be the best choice for you? Really? Why? Well, if you are sure, please fill in the form and I’ll make the necessary arrangements. I hope you’ll have fun!

1/3 AGREE ON THE HOUSEHOLD CHORES Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l

(Host son / daughter)

So, what do you want to talk about? What do you want to tell me? Are you saying that we have to do all these things? All right! I’m not doing the washing up / washing / cooking / watering the plants / feeding the dogs! Everything will shrink and be a strange colour! I’ll give them too much water and Mum will be very angry if her plants die! I’m afraid of dogs! You know that! But I can do the shopping / feed the cats / tidy my room if you like! I have no problem with those! So what do I have to do again? All right! Deal!

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1 PERSONAL DATA, FAMILY

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

1/4 GIVE ADVICE TO YOUR FRIEND ABOUT HIS / HER FUTURE Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Friend)

l Hi! It’s good to hear your voice. l Guess what happened! I didn’t get a place at university. l What am I going to do now? l Do you think so? l It sounds good. l I think that’s a great idea. l Well, I’m not so sure about that. l I’ll have to think about it. l But how will I finance that? l OK, thank you very much for your help. l It was great to talk to you. You always manage to cheer me up.

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2 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY

Angol

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

2/1 ASK ABOUT YOUR FRIEND’S SISTER Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Friend)

Name: Carol Appearance: tall, slim, long brown hair, blue eyes, mole above her lips Clothing: jeans, T-shirt, baseball cap, red rucksack l l l l l l l

Can you please do me a favour? Could you fetch my sister at the airport? She arrives tomorrow and I can’t meet her at the airport. I don’t have a photo of her but I can tell you what she looks like. She is... She likes to wear... I’m sure you’ll recognise her, don’t worry. Thanks a lot for your help. Just call me if you need any help.

2/2 CHOOSE AN EXCHANGE STUDENT TO STAY WITH YOU Prompts for the interlocutor:

Roger (16) Lives in New York Student, musician Plays in a rock band Afraid of dogs l l l l l l l l l

(Exchange programme organiser)

Andrew (17) Comes from London Student, professional footballer Likes sports and regularly works out Is allergic to fur and dust

Cindy (17) Hawaiian native Student, school reporter Likes travelling Vegetarian

Hello! How are you? Oh, what type of person would you like to choose? What a good / splendid / great idea! We have the following candidates. What do you think? So, who do you think would be the best? Wouldn’t it be better to have Roger / Cindy / Andrew? He says in the questionnaire that he is afraid of dogs. Do you have a dog? Wouldn’t it be strange to live with a vegetarian? Wouldn’t it cause problems? As you can see he is allergic to pets and dust. Do you have any pets? Yes, I think it is a good choice. You’ll probably like each other.

2/3 YOU WANT TO GO AWAY FOR THE WEEKEND WITH FRIENDS Prompts for the interlocutor:

Mike

(Host mother / father)

Jessica

Gabriel

l What? You want to go away? Who are you going with? l I don’t want you to go with these people. l Who are they? Who is this boy / girl? 170

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2 PEOPLE AND SOCIETY l l l l l l l

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

(Mike) He seems to be a nice guy. Does he like animals? Does he work as a volunteer worker at the zoo? (Jessica) You won’t do anything dangerous with her, will you? Where was this picture taken? (Gabriel) He looks quite frightening. What does he do for a living? How did you get to know him / her? Are they reliable / responsible? What are you planning to do? All right! You can go. But be careful! And don’t go into the water at night! Have a nice weekend!

2/4 ORGANISE A SCHOOL LEAVING PARTY Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Restaurant owner)

The restaurant’s capacity: up to fifty people Opening hours: 10.00 a.m. – 2.00 a.m. Three possible menus (a glass of champagne and a bottle of mineral water is included in the price) 3,000 forints per person No live music Juke box and CD player available l l l l l l l l l l

Good evening! ... speaking. How can I help you? Of course you can have your school leaving party in the restaurant. The capacity is ... and the opening hours are ... We usually offer three possible menus with some drinks included. It would cost ... Well, unfortunately we can’t provide live music but we have a juke box and a CD player is also available. What would be the date? Excellent. The restaurant is free for that evening. Please let me know if you want to book it by the end of this week. Thank you. Bye.

2/5 DISCUSS CLOTHING FOR THE GRADUATION CEREMONY Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l

(Manager of the tailor’s shop)

What can I do for you? What do you have in mind? Would you like (a) skirt / trousers / jacket / vest / or just a shirt with a tie? Don’t you think a … would be better / more comfortable? What material / colour would you like? When is the graduation ceremony? How many students are there in your class? We have reasonable prices.

2/6 HANDLE A FAMILY CONFLICT Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l

(Sister / brother)

What do you mean? Sure, everything is fine. So what if I tell you? Do you really want to know / change? For a start you could / should ... That would be great for a change! How about ...? Sounds a lot better. I’ll think about it.

2/7 CHOOSE A VOLUNTEERING JOB TO MEET YOUR GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l

(School counsellor)

What can I do for you? Of course I have a minute for you! Look at these options. Do you like any of them? What do you think of ...? Wouldn’t ... be better for you? I don’t think ... is suitable for you. I’ll contact the organisation and let you know about the result.

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3 OUR ENVIRONMENT

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

3/1 ENQUIRE ABOUT A FLAT Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Flat owner)

Size: 56 m2 Location: near the city centre – 10 minutes by car Public transport: bus stop 2 minutes on foot Not furnished Rent: 70,000 forints plus overheads

l Good afternoon! … speaking. l What can I do for you? l Are you enquiring about the flat? l Right. It’s 56 m2. l The flat is quite spacious. It has a living room, an American-style kitchen, two bedrooms with en-suite bathrooms, and one of the bedrooms has a walk-in-closet. l The centre is 10 minutes by car so it is quite near. l The bus stop is only two minutes on foot. l The flat is empty. We’d like to let it unfurnished. So you’d need to bring your own. l The rent is 70,000 forints plus overheads, but if two people move in, they can share the costs. l All right. Please call me back if you want to have a look at it or if you’ve decided. 3/2 ARRANGE YOUR ROOM Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l

(Father / mother)

Are you sure you will need a...? Why do you want to have a double bed? I can’t understand why you need a plasma TV? What’s the problem with your old bed / TV? Look, we can’t really afford to buy a.... Ok, I will think about it.

3/3 ORGANISE A SIGHTSEEING TOUR FOR AN EXCHANGE STUDENT Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l

(Exchange student)

I don’t know, I like parks / old places / zoos / … What is that? Why is it worth seeing? What can we see there? Why don’t we go to a park / church / zoo / etc.? Do you have any zoos / mansions / galleries / etc. in the town? How old is the building / statue / painting / etc.? Amazing. Is it the oldest? What shall we do in the evening? Shall we go out somewhere? What would you prefer? Where would you like to go?

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3 OUR ENVIRONMENT

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

3/4 CHOOSE A PET Prompts for the interlocutor: Animal Lifespan

(Shop assistant)

Parrot

Goldfish

Hamster

15-20 years

over 10 years

2-3 years

clean aquarium; attention Care

clean cage

to water temperature,

clean cage

oxygen level Equipment

cage

Price

2,360 Ft

aquarium 2,650 Ft (large size)

cage 1,240 Ft

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l Good afternoon. Can I help you? l What a splendid idea! What sort of a pet would you like to have? l Where do you live? How much space would the pet have? l For a flat/house with a garden I would (not) recommend buying a … l What do you think of …? Would you like to have one? l The lifespan of a … is not very / quite long. They live for … l It’s not very / really difficult to care for a … l You need to … regularly, and it’ll be all right. l If you want to have a … you’ll need to buy some extra equipment such as … as well. l They are not expensive, a … costs … forints. l I hope you’ll like it. If you need any food or simply some advice, please come in and we’ll be glad to help you. 3/5 GIVE INFORMATION ABOUT THE WEATHER Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l l l

(Pen friend)

Hi! / Speaking! My plane lands at 11 a.m.. Will you meet me at the airport? Thanks! What’s the weather like over there? Is it sunny? No? What’s it going to be like? Do you know what the weather forecast says? What a pity! Then we can’t go to Lake Balaton! Will it stay like that? Or will it change? Really, so it’s warming up again? That’s great news. So what kind of clothes shall I bring with me? Will I need my swimsuit? All right. Then see you tomorrow! Bye.

3/6 EARTH DAY Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l

(Fellow activist)

So, what shall we do? What are the possibilities? This is a good idea, but... Yes, I agree. I think the ... one is the best. Do you think we should…? Why exactly this one? Wouldn’t … be better / more useful / more effective? All right! We’ll see each other there.

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4 SCHOOL

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

4/1 GET INFORMATION ABOUT A SCHOOL Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Student from Oscar Wilde Grammar School)

)

l Good morning! What would you like to know? l We have great facilities such as a well-stocked library, a state of the art computer room, sports fields, music rooms and well-equipped laboratories. l We have the usual academic subjects and some practical ones as well such as driving, typing and finances. l We can study various languages, for example, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian and Russian. l There are great programmes thoughout the year, for example, all sorts of camps, exchange programmes, cultural events and even several trips abroad. We usually have a lot of fun. l We also work with charity organisations. We help out the elderly, work in the animal shelter, try to do something for our environment. These are all very important for all of us. l All in all, I think our school is fantastic! l You’re welcome. 4/2 CHOOSE EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l

(Friend)

I haven’t heard about it. What would you like to take up? I was considering… But I don’t know yet. But I’m not sure yet what I want to do. What about you? Have you already decided? Are you sure you want to do that? I see. Well, that could be great! We could have … together.

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4 SCHOOL

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

4/3 CHOOSE A CAMP Prompts for the interlocutor:

Location Time Activities

Facilities

Price

Sports camp Lake Velence 1–8 August swimming, canoeing, water aerobics bungalows, canoes, football pitch, disco 40,000 Ft

(Secretary)

Language camp Városlôd 11–18 July visit to the local museum, language lessons with a native speaker triple bedrooms, canteen, barbecue, VCR & DVD player 50,000 Ft

Arts & Crafts camp Lovasberény 7–12 July painting, sculpting, visit to the folk museum tents, 175 running hot water, canteen 30,000 Ft

l Good morning! What can I do for you? l What a great idea! Do you know what sorts of camps we are running this summer? l Right! So we are organising a sports camp at Lake Velence, a language camp in Városlôd and an arts & crafts camp in Lovasberény. l The sports camp is in August, the other two are held in July. l Well, of course, you can try all sorts of water sports at the sports camp, you’ll have language lessons at the language camp, and you can do some painting and sculpting at the arts and crafts camp. l There will be fun activities in all camps! As far as I know there are movie evenings in the language camp and the native speaker is also very popular among the students. You will also visit local museums during the stay. l Well, you’ll have bungalows at Lake Velence, triple bedrooms in Városlôd and tents in Lovasberény. l The prices vary between 30,000 and 50,000 forints for the camps. l Do you already know which one you would like to choose? l All right. Please fill in the form. 4/4 ENQUIRE ABOUT A LANGUAGE COURSE Prompts for the interlocutor:

Course No. 1 The level of the course Intermediate Room 16 The time and place of Tuesdays & Thursdays 4/4 ENQUIRE ABOUT A LANGUAGE COURSE the lesson 6.00-7.30 p.m. Prompts for the interlocutor: The number of lessons 30 lessons The size of the group 15 students The price 25,000 Ft

(Secretary)

Course No. 2 Intermediate Room 24 Mondays & Wednesdays 10.00-11.30 a.m. (Secretary) 50 lessons 15 students 45,000 Ft

Course No. 3 Intermediate Room 19 Saturdays 8.00-12.00 a.m. 60 lessons 8 students 175 50,000 Ft

l Good morning! l We’re starting several courses in the coming weeks. Which one are you interested in? l They’re all intermediate level courses. l We have them twice a week, either Tuesday and Thursday evenings, or Monday and Wednesday mornings. And there is a course on Saturday mornings. l Let me see. There are 30, 50 and 60 lessons respectively. l We plan to start the weekdays courses with 15 students, and the weekend course with 8. l The price varies. The shortest course costs 25,000 forints, the 50-lesson course costs 45,000 forints, and the longest one costs 50,000 forints. l Good choice. Please fill in the application form and then you’ll receive the invoice. l The course starts next week.

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4 SCHOOL

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

4/5 ANNUAL SCHOOL DAY Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l

(Classmate)

OK, let’s discuss it now. What can we choose from? What options do we have? Sounds like a good idea. What else have we got? You’re right but … It’s not easy to decide. Don’t you think the … would be better / would attract more students? I agree with you.

4/6 PERSUADE YOUR FRIEND TO TRY AN ONLINE COURSE WITH YOU Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l l l

(Friend)

Hi! How are you? What’s up? Not a bad idea! How do you enrol? What do we need to...? What types of courses do they offer? How much are they? Why do you think we should... ? It would be lovely! I always wanted to try... Sure! Why not? It all sounds terribly exciting! OK, let’s try that one.

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

5/1 CHOOSE A FAMILY TO BABYSIT FOR Prompts for the interlocutor:

Number of children Age

(Job centre assistant)

Jackson family 5 8, 6, 5, 4, 2 babysitting

Tasks Salary

2,000 Ft / hour

Sharp family 3 4, 3, 2 babysitting, cooking, helping with the homework 2,500 Ft / hour

Tilton family 1 2 babysitting, tidying up, cooking 1,500 Ft / hour

l Good morning! l Let me see how many families are currently looking for a babysitter. l So, we have three families at the moment: the Jacksons, the Sharps and the Tiltons. l Let’s look at them one by one. l The Jacksons have five children, all under the age of 8. You would have to babysit and help with the homework for 2,000 forints per hour. l The Sharps have three children under the age of 5. Your tasks would include babysitting and cooking for 2,500 forints per hour. l Finally, the Tiltons have only one child but your tasks would be more extensive. You would need to do some babysitting, tidying up and even cooking. You would receive 1,500 forints per hour. l Which one would you like to do? Can you cook? l All right. Please fill in the forms. 5/2 ENQUIRE ABOUT A SUMMER JOB Prompts for the interlocutor:

Fast food restaurant Serve food Work at the counter / in the kitchen 6 hours / day Good staff 500 Ft / hour

(Job centre assistant)

Photocopying Creating / organising files 8 hours / day International company 550 Ft / hour

Factory work Physical work monotonous 6 hours / day Remote access 600 Ft / hour

l Hello! How can I help you? l Sure, please take a seat and I’ll give you all the possibilities we currently have. l Let me see. You can work in a fast food restaurant kitchen or serve food at the counter, or you could do some photocopying and filing in an office, or we have an option to do physical work in a factory. l Well, the fast food and the factory jobs are 6 hours a day, the office work is 8 hours a day. l OK, the notes say the staff are pleasant at the fast food restaurant. I can imagine that they are mostly young people of your age. The office work says that the company is international. It could be quite interesting. Finally, the factory work is supposed to be in a remote area and somewhat monotonous. l Let’s have a look at the salaries. The restaurant pays 500 forints per hour, the office pays 550 forints per hour, and the factory pays 600 forints per hour. l Do you like any of them? l All right. Please fill in the form and we’ll organise all your documents for you. 5/4 DISCUSS YOUR FUTURE 177

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5 THE WORLD OF WORK

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

5/3 GO TO A JOB INTERWIEW Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Human Resources manager)

Southwoods is a children’s camp in California. Southwoods is seeking ENTHUSIASTIC, ENERGETIC, AND FUN LOVING individuals. Positions are available! Benefits of working at Southwoods include Salary, Travel, Room, and much more! Dates of employment: mid-June to mid-August. Working hours: 8 a.m. – 4 p.m. every day, weekends are no exception Requirements: good command of English, good communicative skills, empathy, over the age of 16, Salary: 220 dollars per week Tasks: helping and supporting children, organising trips and programmes for them l l l l l l l l l l

Good morning / afternoon! My name is XY. I am the Human Resources manager. How old are you? What do you do now? Why would you like to work in Camp Couchiching? What do you think makes you the ideal candidate for this position? Do you think you meet all the requirements? Have you ever worked in a camp? Do you have any experience in this field? Do you have any questions in connection with the job? Thank you very much. Goodbye.

5/4 DISCUSS YOUR FUTURE WITH YOUR MOTHER / FATHER Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l

(Mother / father)

What would you like to do in the future? How about working / going to university / having a part-time job / going abroad? As far as I know you can study all sorts of things at this college. You can check it out on the internet. Don’t worry, you won’t be homesick at all. You will find new friends there quickly. Money is not a problem, we can support you. Good decision! You won’t regret it.

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6 LIFESTYLE

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

6/1 ORGANISE YOUR DAY Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l

(Mother)

Hi! What are you doing today? What do you have to do? Can you help me with something? What about doing the shopping / picking up your sister / hoovering? Come on, you can’t be that busy! Can you do at least one of them? Ok, I’ll do the others.

6/2 PENFRIEND’S HEALTHY DIET Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l l l

(Penfriend)

Thanks for your concern, I really don’t know what to do. OK. I get it. I have to change my diet. But how? So, what do you suggest? / What do you think I should eat? Are you serious / kidding? Are you saying I should eat salads? Isn’t there anything else I could eat? Dairy products. Oh, I don’t think I could do that. What about chocolate? Can I eat some? I have never done any sports in my life. Which one shall I take up? What shall I cook? What about going to restaurants? It all sounds terrible.

6/3 COOK FOR YOUR FRIEND Prompts for the interlocutor:

noodles with cottage cheese and bacon pasta, sour cream, cottage cheese, bacon cook pasta in boiling water, fry the bacon

(Mother)

goulash soup

potato hotpot

potato, meat, carrot, onion cook soup for 2 hours

potato, sausages, sour cream, cheese, eggs layer the ingredients, bake in oven for half an hour

l Hello darling! What’s up? l What a great idea! What would you like to cook? l Of course I’ll help you. What would you like to know? l All of them are quite simple. I can tell you about all of them and then you can choose what you want to do. OK? l Right. For that you only have to cook the noodles and fry the bacon. Then you put the cottage cheese and the sour cream on top. l Goulash is also quite easy to cook. You chop the onion, the meat, the potatoes, and the carrots into small pieces. Then you fry the onion in oil, put the meat in it, add some salt and paprika, pour some water over it and let it cook for a while. Then you put the carrots and the potatoes in. It should cook for about two hours. l The potato hotpot isn’t complicated either. You just cook all the ingredients, slice them and layer them in a bowl with the sausages. You put some sour cream and cheese on top and put it in the oven until the top gets brown. l Fine! Let me know if you need more help. I’ll keep my fingers crossed for you! 6/4 EATING HABITS Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Friend)

l I’m not too well. I feel a bit dizzy. l Really? I’m never hungry in the morning. l I don’t think I could eat ... in the morning. l I only drink coffee in the morning. l Fruit juice wouldn’t wake me up. l What if I eat .... Is that enough? l It’d take me too long to make a hot breakfast. l All right. I will try it. Thanks for your help. 179

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6 LIFESTYLE

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

6/5 ORDER FOOD ON THE PHONE Prompts for the interlocutor: Chef’s Daily Specials: “The week’s starter”: “Mid-week agony”: “Thankfully, it’s Friday”: “Weekend fun”: “Weekend’s over”: Chef’s Pizza:

(Restaurant employee) hot chicken wings, French fries roast chicken, rice grilled salmon, spinach sauce, pasta steak, potato, salad mushroom risotto salami, bacon, paprika, chili, tomato, cheese

l Good evening! Easy Bite Restaurant. How can I help you? l What can we deliver? l Any starters / noodles / pizzas / dessert / drinks? l Anything else? l Would you like to try our daily special? l Well, the… is … l Will that be all? l Can you please give me your address / phone number? l Would you like to pay in cash, with credit card or with food vouchers? l Your order will arrive in half an hour unless you wish to have it at another time. l Thank you for your order. I wish you a pleasant evening. Bye. 6/6 DECIDE ON A RESTAURANT Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l

(Sister / brother)

Hi. What’s the problem? What are the possibilities? What do you have in mind? Why exactly...? Why not to the ...? Do you think he / she will like the food in ...? Have you ever been to this restaurant? Is it good? Isn’t that too expensive? I don’t have much money left. OK. We’ll go there.

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6 LIFESTYLE

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

6/7 VISIT THE GP Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l

(General Practitioner)

How can I help you? What symptoms do you have? What about your temperature? Do / Did you have a runny nose / sore throat? Do / Did you feel sick? Have you got any health insurance? Treatment: lots of tea / take medicine three times a day / stay in bed for two days. You don’t have to pay for the treatment, just for the medicine. There’s a chemist’s just round the corner.

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7 ENTERTAINMENT

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

7/1 CHOOSE AFTERNOON ACTIVITIES Prompts for the interlocutor:

Time Location What to take Costs

Dance Mondays, Wednesdays 7.00 p.m.-8.30 p.m. community centre, ballroom dance shoes 1,500 Ft / lesson

(Community centre assistant)

Pottery Fridays 3.00 p.m.-6.00 p.m. community centre, crafts room nothing 1,500 Ft / session

Karate Tuesdays, Thursdays 6.00 p.m.-7.30 p.m. community centre sports hall karate suit 2,000 Ft / lesson

l Hello. Community Centre. … speaking. l What can I do for you? l Certainly! Do you know what sort of courses we run? l What would you like to know about them? l Right. We’re starting a dance course on Mondays and Wednesdays in the evening. It will be held in our ballroom. You only need to bring dance shoes with you. l There is a pottery course as well on Friday afternoons. It lasts 3 hours and we have it in the crafts room. You wouldn’t need to bring anything to this one. l Finally, we’re starting a karate course as well on Tuesday and Thursday evenings in our sports hall. If you want to attend, you will need to get a karate suit. l The dance course costs 1,500 forints per lesson, the pottery course also costs 1,500 forints per session, and the karate course 2,000 forints per lesson. l Right. I’ll add your name to the list. The course starts next week. I hope you’ll enjoy it. 7/2 DECIDE WHETHER TO WATCH A FILM AT HOME OR IN THE CINEMA Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Friend)

What shall we do tonight? Any ideas? Do you know what’s on TV? Let’s look at the programme in the TV magazine! What do you think of …? What about …? I think … would be much better! Are you serious / kidding? I’m not going to watch …. That’s boring / a girlie film / stupid / too brutal / nonsense. l Or shall we go to the cinema instead? I’ve heard there are some really good films on. l Wouldn’t it be better to watch something on the big screen / with Dolby Digital Surround sound? l Look! The programme is here. l Which film would you like to see? l Should it be something romantic / action-packed / etc.? Or a fantasy book adaptation / comic book adaptation / comedy / drama? l Don’t you think it would be more interesting / exciting / action-packed / to watch ...? l Don’t you think it would be more comfortable to stay at home? l Do you have any money at all? l What do you say then? l All right. Let’s … l l l l

7/3 ASK FOR PERMISSION TO GO TO A CONCERT Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l

(Mother / father)

What? Where would you like to go? But isn’t it very expensive? Do you have enough pocket money for the tickets? Are you serious? Do you mean that I should finance your concert visit? Forget it. Birthday present? Well, I’ll think about that. Would you go alone? I hope not. How are you going to get to the Arena? And how are you going to get home in the middle of the night? Well, let’s talk to your father / mother as well and we’ll see what he / she says.

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7 ENTERTAINMENT

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

7/4 CHOOSE A SPORTS EVENT TO ATTEND Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l

(Friend)

Hey! Have you seen these ads in the newspaper? There’ll be some great sports events this summer! Which one are we going to? I see. So we can’t go to both as they are on the same day. Shall we go to the European Water Polo Championship or to the Formula 1 race? The Formula 1 race / European Water Polo Championship is more spectacular / exciting I think. We could cheer for the Hungarian team in the Water Polo Championship finals. What do you say? All right! I like the idea!

7/5 TAKE UP A SPORT Prompts for the interlocutor: l Great! I support your decision. l What sports do you have in mind? l What sport would you like to choose? l Isn’t it too dangerous? l It must cost a fortune. l How about the equipment? l No way. We can’t afford that much. l Oh come on! Chess is not a sport! l How much is the monthly fee? l How many training sessions a week would you have? l It would take up too much of your time, wouldn’t it?

(Mother / father)

7/6 GET INFORMATION ABOUT A THEATRE PLAY Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l l l

(Ticket seller)

How can I help you? The lead actor / director is … Which day do you prefer? How many tickets would you like? There are only few tickets left. Where would you like to sit? Your name, please? It lasts …hours. There are two acts with an interval. The tickets cost … You can pay either in cash or by credit card.

7/7 CHOOSE A BOOK Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l l l

(Teacher)

Congratulations on your results. We’d like to reward you for your excellent achievement with a book. Which one would you like to choose? Are you interested in cooking / gastronomy? Are you a Jamie Oliver fan? What about motorsports? Would you like to learn more about Formula 1 races? Do you like reading novels? How about American Indian stories? Have you read anything by Cooper? It could improve your … Excellent choice. I hope you’ll like it.

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7 ENTERTAINMENT

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

7/8 PERSUADE A FRIEND TO GO TO CSESZNEK WITH YOU Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l

(Friend)

Where would you like to go? To Csesznek? Where is that? What’s there? Why on earth would you go there? There’s nothing to see / do there! What? That’s all? Really? I didn’t know about that. So, what would we do there? It’s getting better and better. It sounds quite good. All right. I’ll think about it. Bye. 7/1 HOBBIES

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8 TRAVELLING AND HOLIDAYS SITUATIONS – PROMPTS 8/1 GETTING AROUND IN THE CITY Prompts for the interlocutor:

l l l l l l l l l

(American tourist)

Hello, yes. I guess I’m lost. I’d like to go to Heroes’ Square / the Southern Train Station. What’s the best route? So, which line is it at Deák Square? Is it very complicated to change lines? I see. All right. OK. And what then? How much time does it take to get there? OK. Thank you very much. I don’t know how I would’ve found my way in this huge city without your help. Bye. Have a nice day!

8/2 BOOK A TICKET AT BRITISH AIRWAYS Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l l l l

(Airline representative)

Good morning / afternoon / evening! British Airways. What can I do for you? Yes, of course you can order tickets on the phone. I will need some data. Your destination? We don’t have a direct flight to Manchester. Where would you like to transfer? What is the date / place of departure? The date of return? Where would you like to sit on the plane? Any extra services? All right. I have everything. You can pay for your ticket before departure. Have a pleasant flight. Good-bye.

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8 TRAVELLING AND HOLIDAYS SITUATIONS – PROMPTS 8/3 ORGANISE A SCHOOL TRIP Prompts for the interlocutor:

Eger hostel Accommodation train Transport half-board Meals sights, hiking Entertainment 10,000 Ft / 3 days / Price person

(Travel agent)

Zánka tents train full-board watersports 8,000 Ft / 3 days / person

Kaposmérô bungalows bus self-catering archery, horse riding, crafts 7,000 Ft / 3 days / person

l Good afternoon! … Travel Agency. How can I help you? l Certainly! We have some great offers for you for the Spring Holiday. l First of all, let me suggest a trip to Eger. You would be put up in a hostel with half-board. You could stay there for 3 days for 10,000 forints per person and enjoy the city sights or go hiking in the nearby hills. l That’s not all. Another option is Zánka. You would be staying in tents with full-board. You could try water sports in Lake Balaton during the stay. The cost is 8,000 forints for 3 days per person. l Finally, I can offer you a 3-day stay at Kaposmérő. You would be put up in bungalows and it would be self-catering. You could try archery, horse riding and crafts and it costs 7,000 forints per person for 3 days. l As for travelling, I would suggest that you take the train to Eger or Zánka. Kaposmérő can be better reached by bus. l Do you like any of the offers? l Right. It’s a good choice. Could you please come in to our office this week so that we can finalise your trip? l Thank you. Bye. 8/4 TRAVELLING WITH A FRIEND Prompts for the interlocutor: MYKONOS, GREECE

Programmes available 7 days – on the beach Apartment Self-catering 85,000 Ft / person l l l l l l l l l l

(Friend) LONDON, UNITED KINGDOM

Programmes for two days with a guide 5 days – in the busy metropolis B&B accommodation – 96,000 Ft / person

Isn’t it great that we’re going somewhere? That’s the best present I have ever had. Where shall we go? Have you had a look at the possibilities? What do you think of London? Wouldn’t it be good to go there? Just imagine! We could visit all those wonderful monuments and famous sights! Or shall we go to Greece? It would be very relaxing spending all day on the beach. So what do you say? Which one would be the best? OK. Then let’s tell our parents.

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8 TRAVELLING AND HOLIDAYS SITUATIONS – PROMPTS 8/5 PACKING FOR THE SZIGET FESTIVAL Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l l

(Friend)

How could I have forgotten the festival! Do you know what the weather will be like? Why do we need all these clothes? You’re right. Anything else we need? Our tent is for three people, so I think we should take that. I’ll bring it. What food? Right. Shall we buy the food together? Good idea. Maybe a travelling first aid kit. You never know. Deal. See you on Wednesday then.

8/6 PERSUADE YOUR FRIEND TO GO ON A PACKAGE HOLIDAY WITH YOU Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Friend)

l Are you kidding? I would never go on a package holiday! Forget it! / I’d like to go with you, but why would we choose this way of travelling? l What do they offer? l What kinds of services are included? l Why do you think it’s worth choosing this kind of holiday? l What are the advantages of a package holiday? l Why is it good to travel with other people? l Are there any discounts if you travel with a group? l What if the company is not good? But what about the other people? l Are you sure it would be good? l OK, I’ll think about it. l OK, you win. Why not?

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9 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

9/1 CHOOSING A TOPIC FOR AN ARTICLE IN THE SCHOOL MAGAZINE Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l

(School magazine editor)

Hi! What’s the problem? Do you already have any ideas? Really? Tell me about them. Sounds good. Is this the only idea you have? Are the others better? All of them sound interesting. Do you have a favourite one? Great! Then write the article and send it over to me by email, and we’ll put it in the magazine. All right. See you later.

9/2 CHOOSING THE MOST IMPORTANT HOUSEHOLD DEVICES Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Mother / father)

l So, are you ready to move to Budapest? l Why not? l You’re right! We’ll have to buy some kitchen appliances / labour-saving devices. l What do you think you will need there? l Are you sure you need a/an tea maker / toaster / washing machine / sandwich maker / microwave oven / vacuum cleaner / mixer / espresso machine / hair-dryer / dishwasher? Are you sure they are all absolutely necessary? l I don’t think we can afford to buy all these things. Maybe in a few months’ time. l Pick those which you absolutely can’t do without. l OK. Let’s buy those! 9/3 CONVINCE YOUR GRANDMOTHER ABOUT THE ADVANTAGES OF THE INTERNET Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l

(Grandmother)

Well, is it about the internet again? Why is it so good? I think you spend enough time in front of the computer even without the internet. What do you mean by a whole new world would open up? What information do you mean? How can it help you with your studies? Does it help you find good programmes for the summer? How can you use it for entertainment / making friends? What do you like most about it? All right. You’ve convinced me.

9/4 HELP YOUR FRIEND CHOOSE A MOBILE PHONE Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Friend)

l Hi! I'm fine, thanks. Except my mobile phone is not working. l I can't switch it on. But I've already talked to my parents and they've promised to buy me a new one for my birthday. l It will be a ... I'm not sure which type. What do you think? l Wow. It sounds good. l Does it have a camera / MP3 player / colour display / etc.? l I see, it has a lot of functions! l And when did you get yours? l And how much does it cost? l I can't wait to get it. I hope my parents won't find it too expensive. l OK. Thanks for the information. l I'll call you when I have it. 188

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10 MONEY MATTERS

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

10/1 FAMILY BUDGET, SAVING MONEY Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l

(Father / mother)

What would you like to have? A car? Are you sure? I don’t think it’s such a good idea. Do you really want to use your savings for that? Won’t you need your money for something else? How would you finance it? I would never know where you are! Well, I’ll need to talk to your father about it. We’ll discuss it together later.

10/2 BANKING Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l

(Bank employee)

How can I help you? Can you please tell me your name / birth date and place / permanent address / ID number? What sort of account would you like to open? We have the following conditions: Starter account Current account

Free account

Extra account

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

✓

Savings account Free withdrawals per month (2) Online banking Account fee l l l l l l

0 Ft

✓

0 Ft

✓

✓

0 Ft

The ... package has a ... account, it also includes free withdrawals and an online banking facility. There’s no account fee for the ... account. I would recommend the ... account for you because... Could you please sign the contract? Right. You’ll receive separate letters with your bank details and your bank card with the PIN. If you have any questions regarding your account or the use of it, please contact our hotline and my colleagues will be pleased to help you.

10/3 DOING THE SHOPPING Prompts for the interlocutor: l l l l l l l l l l

(Host mother / father)

Hello dear. What’s wrong? It’s so nice of you to ask. I had completely forgotten about it. Let me see. We need a few things, such as… Are you going to the supermarket? OK. Then we need … What else can you think of? Do you know where to find them? Do you know where the … department is in the supermarket? Do you think we’ve forgotten anything? Look, I can’t think of anything else, but if you see something you need, buy it.

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10 MONEY MATTERS

SITUATIONS – PROMPTS

10/4 EXCHANGE A FAULTY CAMERA Prompts for the interlocutor:

(Shop assistant)

l Good morning / afternoon / evening! How can I help? What can I do for you? l Did you buy the camera here? l What is the problem with it? l Did you try to adjust it / change the batteries / read the manual / change the memory card? l So you mean nothing helped. Well, let me have a look at it. l All right, I can see there is something wrong with it. l What would you like us to do? Shall we give you a refund, exchange the camera or have it repaired? l Do you have the warranty and the receipt? l All right. Here you are! l Have a nice day! Good bye!

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Eszterházy Károly Egyetem 3300 Eger, Eszterházy tér 1. Tel.: (+36-1) 235-7200 Fax: (+36-1) 460-1822 Vevőszolgálat: [email protected] A kiadásért felel: dr. Liptai Kálmán rektor Raktári szám: NT-56480/NAT Műszakiiroda-vezető: Horváth Zoltán Ákos Műszaki szerkesztő: Orlai Márton Grafikai szerkesztő: Görög Istvánné Terjedelem: 24,72 (A/5) ív Tömeg: 420 gramm 1. kiadás, 2017 Nyomdai előkészítés: B & B Grafikai Stúdió Kft. Nyomta és kötötte az Alföldi Nyomda Zrt., Debrecen Felelős vezető: György Géza vezérigazgató A nyomdai megrendelés törzsszáma:

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