Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary, 17th Edition [PDF]

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CAMBRIDGE English ronouticing pm'naun^.sir)

Dictionary

Daniel Jones edited by

Peter Roach,

James Hartman

& Jane Setter

DUDLEY

/

/

Spoken pronunciation for every word - now American English too!

Boston Public LHxary Boston, MA 02116 Symbols used for the Transcriptions Vowel Phonemes: British:

as in

I

American:

'pit'

as in 'pit'

I

e as in 'pet'

e as in 'pet'

ae as in 'pat'

ae as in 'pat'

A as D as u as

in 'pot'

A u

in 'put'

3 as in 'potato', 'America'

in 'cut'

as in 'cut' as in 'put'

3 as in 'potato', 'uppcL' as in 'key'

i: i:

as in 'key'

a: as in 'father'

a: as in 'car'

0 as in 'caught'

d: as in 'core'

ei as in 'bait'

ui as in 'coo'

ou

as in 'boat'

au

as in 'house'

3: as in 'cur'

ei as in 'bay'

ai as in 'high'

ai as in 'buy'

Di as in 'boy'

01 as in 'boy'

3U au

as in 'low'

3^

("r-coloured schwa") as in 'mother!

as in 'how'

3^

("r-coloured bird vowel") as in 'bird'

19 as in 'here'

ea as U3 as

in 'there' in

'moor'

Consonant Phonemes: p

b d

as in 'pea' as in 'tea'

t

k

as in 'key'

as in 'bee' as in 'do'

f as in 'fat'

g as V as

0 as

d

in 'thin'

as in 'sip'

s

J as in 'ship'

h as

in 'vat'

as in 'that'

z as in

'zip'

3 as

'measure'

in

in 'hat'

m as in n as

in 'go'

'map'

in 'nap'

0 as in 'hang'

1

as in 'led'

r

as in 'red'

j

as in 'yet'

w as t

J as

in 'wet'

in 'chin'

d3

as in 'gin'

Non-phonemic symbols for English i

as in 'react', 'happy"

u as 3

in 'to each', 'influenza'

(superscript schwa) as in 'sudden' /'sAd.^n/:

vowel may be pronounced, or may be

omitted with the following consonant becoming syllabic. 1

t

(syllabic

/I/)

as in 'bottle'

("flapped /t/") (American pronunciation) as in 'better'

Symbols for other languages X (voiceless velar 2E,

fricative) as in 'loch', 'Bach'

a:, 5:, 3:, (nasalised

vowels) as

hi (voiceless lateral fricative) as in

in

French

'vin', 'change',

'mon', 'Lebrun'

Welsh 'Llangollen'

Prosodic marks '

,

.

(primary stress) as in 'better' /'bet. 9/ (secondary stress) as in 'retell' /,ri:'tel/ (syllable division) as in 'differ' /'dif .3/

italic

symbols

Italic

symbols are optional sounds, which may be pronounced or omitted.

CAMBRIDGE English

Pronouncing Dictionary

7

1

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 2RU,

Singapore, Sao Paulo

UK

www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/978052 1 680868

© Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication

is in

copyright. Subject to statutory exception

and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

by J. M. Dent & Sons Ltd 1 9 1 by Cambridge University Press This edition published 2006 Fh-st published First published

1

99

Printed in Italy by LegoPrint s.p.A

A

catalogue record for this publication

is

available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cambridge English pronouncing dictionary. - 17th ed.

Hartman, Jane p.

/

[edited

by Peter Roach, James

Setter].

cm.

Cover title: English pronouncing dictionary Rev. ed. of: English pronouncing dictionary. 16th ed. 2003 Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978-0-521-86230-1

ISBN- 10: 0-521-86230-2 ISBN-13: 978-0-521-68086-8 (pbk.) ISBN- 10: 0-521-68086-7 (pbk.) [etc.]

Roach, Peter (Peter John) II. Hartman, James, 1939- III. Setter, Jane. IV. Jones, Daniel, 1881-1967. English pronouncing dictionary. V. English pronouncing dictionary. VI. Title English pronouncing dictionary. I.

ISBN-13 978-0-521-86230-1 hardback ISBN- 10 0-521-86230-2 hardback ISBN-13 978-0-521-68086-8 paperback ISBN- 10 0-521-68086-7 paperback ISBN-13 978-0-521-68087-5 paperback + cd-rom ISBN- 10 0-521-68087-5 paperback + cd-rom

Editors' preface to the

1

7th edition

iv

v

Introduction Part

1

:

Introduction to the English Pronouncing Dictionary 1.1

What

1.2

Whose pronunciation

1

How are the pronunciations chosen?

.3

is

the English Pronouncing Dictionary? is

1

vi

2:

Syllable divisions

Principles of transcription

viii

2.2

Vowels and diphthongs

viii

2.3

Consonants

xi xii xiii

2.7 Assimilation

xiii

2.8 Treatment of /r/

xiv

Use of I'll and /u/

xiv

2.10 Syllabic consonants

xiv

2.1

1

Optional sounds

2.12 Elision

Explanatory notes

References

of

x

2.6 Syllable divisions

2.9

List

vii viii

The phoneme principle

2.5 Stress

3:

vii *'

2.1

2.4 Non-English sounds

Part

vi

Usage notes

1.7

Part

vi

Pronunciation of foreign words

.6

v

v

represented?

1.4 Regional accents 1.5

v

in

introduction

recommended reading

The International Phonetic Alphabet Index of Information Panels

The dictionary Study Section

xv

xv xvi xviii

xviii

xx xxi 1

573

iii

Introduction

authoritative guide to pronunciation, and for users

Editors' preface to the

of English as a foreign or second language

all

over

the world.

17th Edition Above

all,

the

aim of

information which

The English Pronouncing Dictionary was first published in 1917, perhaps the greatest work of the greatest of British phoneticians, Daniel Jones

(bom at

Jones was Professor of Phonetics

in 1881).

University College

retirement in 1949. itor to the

was

London from 1921

He was

department

in

until his

an occasional vis-

still

1967 when Peter Roach

there as a postgraduate student of phonetics,

though he died

in

December of that

The

year.

last

edition of the English Pronouncing Dictionary in

which Jones was direcdy involved was the 12^^, and the 13'*^ was substantially revised by A. C. Gimson, his successor as Professor of Phonetics at University College.

was

From the

13'*'

edition,

Gimson

been making plans for a

Gimson 's

the dictionary

is

to include

relevant to the needs of con-

temporary users and which

is

presented in the

clearest possible way. This

aim has informed both the choice of vocabulary covered and the range of pronunciations shown. The 15'*^ edition saw a massive injection of 18,000 new words. Large numbers of terms connected with science and technology were added, as well as hundreds of people and places which had acquired fame or notoriety in recent years. Personal names, both first names and family names, were based on census reports and statistical analysis, and many subject areas such as literature and law were revised and updated. For the first time, US spellings and vocabulary items were included.

by Dr. Susan Ramsaran, and

in her preface to the 14'^ edition she notes that they had

assisted

is

death.

After

15'*^

edition at the time of

this, the

publishing rights

were acquired from the original publishers, J.M. Dent & Sons, by Cambridge University Press.

With the publication of the 15^'^ edition in 1997, the English Pronouncing Dictionary entered the computer age. All the entries were converted into a computer database, and transferred electronically between phonetics experts in Reading, Leeds, Kansas, Hong Kong, then back to Cambridge. The process of updating and adding to previous editions has therefore become much more effi-

This process of updating continues with each

new

and we are fortunate to have the use of the Cambridge International Corpus, a collection of around 800 million words of written and transcribed spoken texts from a variety of genres. This corpus informs all Cambridge dictionaries, and gives us clear, empirical evidence for new words (general and proper nouns) which have come to prominence since the previous edition. The 16'^ edition added information panels explaining phonetics terminology and discussing the relationship between spelling and pronunciation, and this 17^*^ edition,

edition also has a study section introducing several

fascinating pronunciation topics such as differ-

cient. Versions of this database are available elec-

ences between British and American pronuncia-

and are currently being used by language researchers in both academic and commercial institutions. For details of licensing the database, see the Cambridge Dictionaries website: www.dictionary .Cambridge .org

tion.

tronically

Weak

In the Preface to the 15"^ edition

many people who had and our debt Edition.

The other major development Pronouncing Dictionary

ROM

version.

is

for

the

English

the creation of a

This 17^ edition

now

CD-

has both

and American spoken pronunciations for every word in the dictionary. For linguists and British

learners of English, there

is

also the ability to

search on both alphabetic and phonetic characters,

and

to record the user's

own

voice and compare

with the spoken pronunciation on the

it

CD-ROM.

forms, and Intonation.

them remains,

to

Above

use for almost 90 years, and during that time

become

established as a classic

University Press,

of the

15'^

and

it

has

both for native speakers of English wanting an iv

who

16^^

the

as

it

did for the

16'*"

are very grateful to Liz

Cambridge

has overseen the production

Editions and continued to

work

and encourage us on the 17'*^ We would also like to thank Diane Cranz and Dominic Glennon, who have grappled heroically with the challenges of producing the CD-ROM, as well as Catherine Sangster and her colleagues in the BBC Pronunciation Unit for their generous tirelessly to advise

in

work of reference,

we

Walter, our Commissioning Editor at

advice.

The English Pronouncing Dictionary has been

all,

we thanked

contributed to our work,

PETER ROACH JAMES HARTMAN JANE SETTER

Introduction

schools". Accordingly, he felt able to refer to his model as "Public School Pronunciation" (PSP). In

Introduction

later editions, e.g. that

of 1937, he added the remark

boys in boarding-schools tend to lose their markedly local peculiarities, whereas this is not the case for those in day-schools. He had by 1926, however, abandoned the term PSP in favour of "Received Pronunciation" (RP). The type of speech he had in mind had for centuries been regarded as a kind of standard, having its base in the educated pronunciation of London and the Home Counties (the counties surrounding London). Its use was not however, being region, to this restricted characteristic by the nineteenth century of upperclass speech throughout the country. The Editor of that

is

It

strongly

recommended

read

dictionary

users of this

that

since

introduction,

the

understanding of the information

in

it

a

full

will ensure

most effective use of the dictionary.

the

(PART

I)

'What is the English Pronouncing The intended use of the dictionary,

Dictionary?':

the principles of

its

English represented in

(PART

2) 'Principles

design and the accents of it.

of Transcription': The main

characteristics of the British

and American accents.

the 14th Edition of this dictionary,

(PART

3)

'Explanatory Notes':

How

to interpret

the information provided with the individual

words

in the dictionary.

Part

1

:

Introduction to the English

What is the

intelligible within Britain".

English Pronouncing

For

Dictionary? This dictionary

designed to provide information

on the current pronunciation of approximately 80,000 English words and phrases. For each entry, a British and an American pronunciation is shown i .2 below). The pronunciation is given modified phonemic transcription, and you need

(see Section in

to

understand

the

phonemic

of

principles

transcription in order to be able to

make proper use

of this information (see Section 2.1 below).

The

Pronouncing

Dictionary

essential information that

is

provides

much

not available in a

general dictionary, such as the pronunciation of

proper names, the pronunciation of

all

inflected

forms of each word, and a larger amount of detail about variant pronunciations than is usual in a general dictionary.

1.2

this

accessible is

in

,

Pronouncing Dictionary 1 .1

A.C. Gimson,

1977 "Such a definition of RP is hardly tenable today", and went on "If I have retained the traditional, though imprecise, term 'received pronunciation' it is because the label has such wide currency in books on present-day English and because it is a convenient name for an accent which remains generally acceptable and

commented

Whose pronunciation

is

represented?

A

pronouncing dictionary must base its recommendations on one or more models. A pronunciation model is a carefully chosen and defined accent of a language. In the

first

edition of

(1917), Daniel Jones described the type of pronunciation recorded as "that most this dictionary

a more broadly-based and model accent for British English is

edition

represented, and pronunciations for one broadlyconceived accent of American English have been added. The time has come to abandon the archaic name Received Pronunciation. The model used for British English is what is referred to as BBC

English; this

is

the pronunciation of professional

BBC as newsreaders and and BBC2 television, the World Service and BBC Radio 3 and 4, as well as many commercial broadcasting organisations such as ITN. Of course, one finds differences between such speakers - individual broadcasters all have their own personal characteristics, and an increasing number of broadcasters with Scottish, Welsh and Irish accents are employed. However, the accent described here is typical of broadcasters with an English accent, and there is a useful degree of consistency in the broadcast speech of these speakers. Their speech does not carry for most people the connotations of high social class and privilege that PSP and RP have had in the past. An additional advantage in concentrating on the accent speakers employed by the

announcers on

BBCi

of broadcasters is that it is easy to gain access to examples, and the sound quality is usually of a very high standard.

usually heard in everyday speech in the families of

Southern English persons whose menfolk have been educated at the great public boarding-

For American English, the selection also follows what is frequently heard from professional voices

V

Introduction

on national network news and information programmes. It is similar to what has been termed "General American", which refers to a geographically (largely non-coastal) and socially based

set

of pronunciation features.

to note that

no single

media

(radio, television, movies,

CD-

ROM, etc.), with professionally trained voices have

of

English

many

years.

The opinion of many colleagues and acquaintances

|

In general, a pronunciation typical of a

casual, informal style of speaking

articulate

have

most colourless form, can

be described as a relatively homogeneous dialect that reflects the ongoing development of progressive American dialects (Canadian English

more

given for

is

common words, and a more careful pronunciation for uncommon words. In real life, speakers tend to

speakers with regionally mixed features. However,

most carefully when

|

listeners are likely to

difficulty in recognising the

When more

words they

word

than one pronunciation of a

given, the order of the alternatives

hear. is

important.

is

The

variants

first pronunciation given is believed to be the most usual one although the distance between the alternatives may vary, with some alternant forms

included within this targeted accent involve vowels

rivalling the first-given in perceived frequency

/r/, possible differences in words like 'cot' and 'caught' and some vowels before /I/. It is fully rhotic. These differences largely pass unnoticed by the audiences for Network English, and are also reflective of age differences. What are thought to be the more progressive (used by educated, socially mobile, and younger speakers) variants are listed first in each entry. The intent is to list the variety of

while others

has several notable differences). This "dialect" itself

contains

some

variant forms.

The

before

pronouncing

more

distant second.

dictionary

that

systematically

accents would be very valuable, but

much

very

would be

it

bigger than the present volume and the

job of ensuring an adequate coverage which treated accents as equally important would have taken

all

many

traits

a

presented the pronunciations of a range of regional

social marking, while

being sensitive to the

may be

'

1.4 Regional Accents

A

pronunciations with the least amount of regional or still

'

has also been a valuable source of advice.

"Network English", in

its

pronunciation

the

(particularly broadcast English) over

important

- regional or social an American standard. Even

dialect

has been singled out as national

It is

of

observers

years. In the case of

some place-names,

information about local pronunciations has been

of the individual word.

retained or added as well as "official" broadcasting 1 .3 It is

How are the pronunciations chosen?

ones, but the other words are given only in the

important to remember that the pronunciation

of English words

is not governed by a strict set of words have more than one pronunciation, and the speaker's choice of which to use depends on a wide range of factors. These include the degree of formality, the amount of background noise, the speed of utterance, the speaker's perception of the listener and the frequency with which the speaker uses the word. For example, the two words 'virtuous' and 'virtuoso' are closely similar in spelling and share a common origin. However, the former is more common than the latter, and for British English

rules;

\

standard accents chosen for British and American English.

most

/'v3:.tju.3s/

is

given as the

first

pronunciation of

Pronunciation of foreign words of the words in an English dictionary are of foreign origin, and in previous editions of this dictionary many such words have been given both in an Anglicised pronunciation used by most English speakers, and in a broad phonetic 1 .5

Many

transcription of the "authentic" pronunciation in the

original

language. This edition does not give

detailed phonetic transcriptions of foreign words; the

primary aim of

pronunciations

likely

this

to

dictionary

is

to

list

be used by educated

the former but /'vai.tju.su.sau/ for the latter

speakers of English and an authentic pronunciation

of more careful speech). If such variation did not exist, most of the work of compiling a pronouncing dictionary could

would in some circumstances be quite inappropriate

,

|

(which

in

general

is

typical

be done easily by means of one of the available computer programs that convert English spelling into a phonemic transcription. Ultimately, however,

(pronouncing 'Paris' as /pasr'i:/, for example). In some cases the information is unnecessary (very few English speakers would attempt, or even recognise, an authentic pronunciation of a

from a non-European language), while

word

in other

to establish the authentic original

decisions about which pronunciation to recommend, which pronunciations have dropped

cases

out of use, and so on, have been based on the

reached us after being adapted by British French or Portuguese colonists; place-names in Spain may be

the

it

is difficult

i

(many African place-names,

for example, have j

editors' intuitions as professional phoneticians

vi

and

,

j

!

i

Introduction

pronounced

in different

ways according

regional affiliation, so that the

to their

name of Barcelona

might be given a Catalan or a Castilian Spanish pronunciation, while other Spanish

names

are

whether they originate in Spain or South America). Words and names of foreign origin are therefore given in what is felt to be the pronunciation likely to be used among educated speakers of English. different according to

as if Italian: .bol.a'njei.zei. In a few cases it has been necessary to mark separate British and American pronunciations within this field, as the as:

degree of Anglicisation of any given word

1.6 Usage notes Usage notes are included with some words. In some cases these are needed so that users of the dictionary

In

some cases

it

is

possible to identify an alternative

which represents an attempt to manner closer to the supposed original. This is marked by first indicating the language which the speaker would be aiming at, then giving the pronunciation, using where necessary additional phonetic symbols not required for the phonemic transcription of English. For example, the word 'bolognese' is widely used to pronunciation

pronounce

in a

refer to a sauce served with pasta. This

/.bol.a'neiz/

for

British

English

is

given as

and

as

may

vary between British and American English.

how

understand

can

alternative

pronunciations are to be used. In some cases the rules needed for correct pronunciation are quite

complex, most noticeably in the case of the socalled "weak-form words" such as 'there', 'her'. Explanations with examples are given in such cases. 1.7 Syllable divisions

marked between syllables. This practice was largely abandoned in the 14th Edition, but the

Earlier editions of this dictionary regularly

the division

gives

present edition

syllable

divisions

in

all

/,bou.l3'ni:z/ for American; for speakers of both

cases, since

groups, a pronunciation aimed

find the information useful. Syllable division is

at

being nearer to

would be /,bDl.3'njei.zei/ (though this would still be different from the pronunciation that would be produced by an Italian speaker). To indicate that this last pronunciation is aimed at sounding Italian, it is marked in the entry the

Italian

original

marked with

it

is

the

felt that

symbol

.

foreign learners will

recommended by the The decision

International Phonetic Association.

on where

to place a syllable division is not

easy, and the rules used in this

work

always

are explained

later in this Introduction (Section 2.6).

vii

,

Introduction

Part 2: Principles of transcription

(a) British

English

(BBC

English

British

accent)

generally

is

The phoneme principle The basic principle of the transcription used is, as in all previous editions, phonemic. This means that

described as having short vowels, long vowels and

a small set of symbols

end of

2.1

is used to represent the sounds that can be shown to be distinctive in English, so that replacing one phoneme by another can change the identity of a word. We do not usually add phonetic detail such as the presence of

vowel devoicing. It is usual to put slant brackets before and after symbols representing phonemes (e.g. the word 'cat' would

diphthongs. There are said to be seven short vowels, five long ones and eight diphthongs. At the

•

glottal stops, aspiration or

be represented phonemically as

phonemic symbols

/kaet/).

•

When non-

are used, the convention

is

this section

some

attention

is

also given to

triphthongs.

Short vowels: pit

pet

pat

putt

pot

put

I

e

ae

A

D

u

Long vowels: bean barn born boon

to

a:

i:

u:

o:

another a

3

bum 3:

use square brackets (e.g. the glottal stop will be represented as

[?]). In entries

in the dictionary

however, we do not use these brackets, order to keep the information simple; only itself,

explanatory notes do

we

in

in

•

Diphthongs:

bay buy boy no now peer pair poor ei ai 01 is ea ua 9U au

use slant or square

brackets. For an explanation of the principle of the

These vowels and diphthongs may be placed on the

phoneme and some of the problems associated with it, see Roach (2000), Chapters 5 and 13. The use of phonemic transcription in works on pronunciation

Cardinal Vowel quadrilateral as shown in Figs,

(including this one) has remained in the "realist"

(•),

by Jones, while approaches to the phoneme by theoretical phonologists have changed radically during recent decades and become much more abstract. There are a few

target; the point represents the centre

tradition established

exceptions to our general use of the

it

is

misleading to think of

of an area

• u:

•

i

•u

the use, in

'better' /'bet. 3^/.

This

is

English find

it

difficult to

when

It/

(•

British

apply the rule which

voiced and/or flapped. Another is the use of the symbols [i] and [u] the use of which is explained below (Section 2.9). Finally, it is necessary to use a number of special symbols which are not normally used for English phonemes. This set includes some nasalised vowels

determines

•

• 3, 3:

an important feature of

American pronunciation, but speakers of

e

•A

is

•

,

• a: Fig.

I

BBC English pure vowels

used particularly in some words taken from French, the [x] sound found in Scottish words such as 'loch' and some non-linguistic sounds used in certain exclamations and interjections (see Section 2.2 It is

2.4).

Vowels and diphthongs standard practice in phonetics to represent the

them on a four-sided figure usually known as the Cardinal Vowel quadrilateral (see Roach (2000), pp. 13-14). This device is used in the vowel

quality of vowels and diphthongs by placing

descriptions in the following section.

Viii

falls.

phoneme

American pronunciations, of the [^] diacritic to indicate the voicing and "flapping" of ft/ in words such as 'getting' Z'get.ir)/, and is

this as a precise

within which the typical vowel pronunciation

principle that should be mentioned here, however.

One

i -

should be noted that though each vowel (or diphthong starting-point) is marked with a point 3. It

Fig. 2

BBC English closing diphthongs

Introduction

Triphthongs create some problems. These threevowel sequences are generally held to be composed of one of the diphthongs /ei, ai, di, 9U, au/ plus a schwa (e.g. 'layer' /leiaV; 'fire' /faiaV). In British English many of these triphthongs are pronounced with such slight movement in vowel quality that it is difficult for foreign learners to recognise them; for example, the name 'Ireland' which is generally transcribed /'aia.bnd/, frequently has an initial syllable which sounds virtually indistinguishable from /a:/. It seems reasonable in this case to treat these sounds as being monosyllabic (e.g. the word 'fire' is a single syllable), but in other words and names transcribed with the same symbols it seems (f)

,

BBC English centring diphthongs

Fig. 3

A

few comments on individual vowels and vowel symbols are needed. The pronunciation of any language is constantly changing, and a dictionary such as this one should reflect such changes. However, there is a general reluctance among users of phonemic transcription to change the symbols used too frequently, as

this

is

they occur in syllables

/'ai9.ri//,/ai9'reit/ or as /'ai.rij/ ,/ai'reit/, since

The length of long vowels and diphthongs

much reduced when

closed by the voiceless or fortis consonants

/

p,

t,

J /. Thus III! in 'beat' has only about half the length of I'wl in 'bead' or 'bee'; similarly k,

t

J, f , G, s,

/ei/ in 'place' is

'Messiah').

Another problem with triphthongs is that before an consonant at the beginning of a following syllable, the distinction between /aia/ and /ai/ seems to be neutralised - it seems to make no difference whether one represents 'Irish', 'irate' as

date.

BBC

pronunciation.

very

much reduced

in

Ivl

there

is

no

regular

edition

is to

transcribe such cases as /aia-

(b)

/ae/,

classified as a short

vowel,

is

nevertheless comparatively long before /b, d, g, d3, m, n/. The quality of this vowel is more open

used to be, and the symbol /a/ might one day We have retained the /ae/ symbol partly because it is phonetically appropriate for the corresponding American vowel.

than

it

be considered preferable.

The vowel /a/ used to be a back vowel, and the symbol was chosen for this reason. This is no longer a back vowel, but a central one. Alternative symbols could be considered in the future. (c)

(d)

Among younger

moved

to

a

more

speakers, the lull vowel has

front quality, with less lip-

rounding, particularly

when preceded by

/j/

as in

seems

to

be a

'use'.

(e)

Among

the diphthongs, there

progressive decline in the use of /ua/, with h\l taking its place (e.g. the pronunciation of the word 'poor' as /po:/

is

increasingly

in

/.

American English

American English

The vowel

made

distinction

pronunciation. In general, the practice of this

length compared

with /ei/ in 'plays' or 'play'. (b)

is

done (i) when there is a morpheme boundary (e.g. 'buyer' /bai.^V) and (ii) when the word is felt to be foreign (this includes many Biblical names originating from Hebrew, e.g.

causes existing teaching

materials and textbooks to become out of The following remarks apply chiefly to

(a)

necessary to insert a syllable division. This usually

common).

is

commonly

described

as

having lax vowels, tense vowels, and wide diphthongs. Generally speaking, lax vowels are lower and made with less oral tension; they do not usually end syllables. Vowel length in American English is generally considered to be conditioned by phonological environment, so the long/short distinction described for BBC English is not usually present, though we have retained the length mark on the tense vowels /ii a: o: 3: u:/ in order ,

,

,

,

mark their relationship to the English long vowels. Since the diphthongal movement in /ei/ and /ou/ is small in American pronunciation, these are treated as tense vowels. Vowels preceding Ixl are notably influenced by rhotic colouring. Word spellings such as 'bird', 'word', 'curd', 'earth', 'jerk', which now rhyme with 1 2^ I in American English, at one time in history had differing vowels. The retroflexed vowels 1 2^1 and /a^/, stressed and unstressed, are to

among

those features that noticeably distinguish

American English from occurring before

Ixl

BBC

English. All vowels

within a syllable are likely to

become "r-coloured"

to

some extent.

ix

Introduction

a u 3

•

lax vowels:

i

e

ae

•

tense vowels:

i:

a: o: 3: u: ei

•

wide diphthongs: au ai oi retroflexed vowels ("r-coloured")

•

2.3

ou

Consonants

(a) British

.

3^

•

English (BBC)

Plosives:

There is an issue in the symbolization of the diphthong in the word "home". This has for many years been represented as /au/, but in earlier editions of this and others of Jones' works the symbolization /ou/ indicated a rounded initial vowel. This is still the preferred transcription for the

American English diphthong. In order

preserve compatibility with other works,

chosen to use /au/ for American.

BBC

•

•

Fricatives:

in

'bother'): 'bother'

rhymes with

•

0

5

d3 Jane

v

f

vine think this

s

z

seal

Zeal

Nasals:

m

n

g

sum

sun

sung

1

r

w

j

light

right

wet

yet

Approximants:

These consonants can be arranged in table form as shown below. The layout of the symbols follows the principle that, where there are two consonants which differ only in voicing, they are placed side by side with the voiceless one to the left.

BBC Certain types of consonant have a distinction such as that between HI and /d/; this is commonly

(e.g. 'hot', 'top',

'father'.

g

gum

h 3 J sheep measure how

English and /ou/ for

many words

k kin

to

/ae/

vowel

d din

tj

fine

vowel is somewhat closer than BBC /ae/, and seems to be evolving into an even closer vowel in many speakers. It is used in the same words as BBC /ae/ and also in most of the words which in BBC have I ail when there is no letter r in the spelling and a fricative consonant at the end of the syllable, (e.g. 'pass', 'ask'). The quality of American /ai/ is similar to the BBC /a:/ vowel; it is used in some of the words which have /a:/ in BBC when there is no letter r in the spelling short /d/

Affricates:

we have

(e.g. 'father', 'calm'). It also replaces the

t

tin

chain

•

The American

b bin

p pin

(a)

American

h\l is more open in quality than BBC h\l It is used where BBC has /d:/ (e.g. 'cause', 'walk'), and also replaces BBC short /d/ in many words, e.g. 'long',

classed as a distinction between voiceless and

American /u:/ is similar to BBC /u:/, but is where BBC has /ju:/ after alveolar

as voiceless are /p, t, k, f, 0, s, J, h, t//, with voiced partners /b, d, g, v, d, z, 3, d3/. Since the

.

'dog'.

voiced consonants, but the distinction

much more complex. Consonants

also used

consonants

(e.g.

presence or absence of voicing

'new', 'duty').

is in

is

often

important than some other phonetic features,

been

suggested

that

instead

fact

usually classed

the

less it

has

terms fortis

(equivalent to voiceless) and lenis (equivalent to

voiced) should be used. These terms imply that the

amount of energy consonants being made with greater energy than lenis). These terms main distinguishing

used

factor

is

the

in the articulation (fortis

Table of English Consonants Bilabial

Plosive

Labio-dental

Dental

b

P

Alveolar

f

Fricative

m

V

0

d

Palatal

z

s

approximant

J

g

(X)

3

n

D

1

w

Glottal

d3

Lateral

Approximant

Velar

k tj

Affricate

Nasal

°ost-alveolar

d

t

r

j

h

Introduction

are not used in this dictionary, since the usefulness

of this terminology characteristics of the

is

uncertain.

Some

of the

/p,tj-/z

'aeb.

abbac|y

-ei.tir)

abbreviation a,bri:.vi'ei.J^n abbreviatory a'brii.vi.a.tri,

-kei.tid -a.tis,

a'baet .IS -es 'aeb.a.ti.siz (yp -ti-,

'aeb.a.twa:'^

®

-ei.tid -ator/s -ei.taVz

-eating

-'beit.mant/s

abat(t)is

a'bri:.vil.eit -ates -eits

-ei.tir)

a.brii.vi'ei.t^r.i

-ed

-ir)

abatabjle a'bei.ta.bl^l (5D -ta- -ly -11 a|bate al'beit -bates -'beits -bating

abaxial

aardvark'a:d.va:k®'a:rd.va:rk-s-s

aardwoljf

-ating

a bas

abattoir

®

'ail.bDig

abbrevijate

-'baeft

abandon

/-ser.i/

Cos'tello

-'daen

aeb.a'lau.ni (5D -'lou-

'aeb.a.tiiz

A&M ei.and'em

(®

III in

all in

®

® -kou

a'baet .i.siz alternative plur.:

'ai.kan

Aalborg

aeb,

abacus

-'bei.tii)

AA ,ei'ei stress shift: ,AA pat'rol AAA Amateur Athletics Association:

ab-

'aeb.a.kau

at

Abbotsford 'aeb.ats.fad -fa^d abbotship 'aeb.at.Jip -s -s Abbott aeb. at -s -s .Abbott and

a'baek

Abaco

abash

,A-1 con'dition

-'ioiT stress shift:

aback

vowels hi and

weak syllables, and may also not be pronounced British English, due to compression, e.g.:

@) er/or /ae @) e,

car

I

letter

a, e.g.:

-'do:. ma- -ly

-i

ab'djui.s^nt, aeb-

aeb'du:-, -'dju:-

ab'dAkt, aeb-ed -id -or/s -aVz

abduction

Abdul

-s -s

®

-ing -ig

-3^/z

ab'dAk.J^n, aeb- -s -z

'aeb.dul

Abdulla(h)

aeb'dAl.a, ab-, -'dul-

Abe eib abeam a'bi:m abecedarian

®

,ei.bi:.si:'dea.ri.an

-'der.i-

1

d Becket - Abnaki

Abbreviations

predictable and must be treated on a word-by-word basis.

Some words or phrases are abbreviated to initial letters. In this case, the item may be pronounced as the initial

Examples

which the

The pronunciation of individual abbreviations

is

not

letters,or in

are to

be found

in titles

Mr

/'mis.taV

Mrs

/'mis.iz/

@

UCLA

/'dok.taV

(yD /'da:k.t3^/

Esq

/is'kwaisV

(y|)

is

/,

/et'ael/

(y|) /-'a:l/

etc.(ercefera)

/it'set.ar.a/

(ys)

\.e.(idest)

/^ai'ii/

'eeb.sl.reit

®

-rating -rei.tir) -rei.tid® -rei.tid

,aeb.ed'ni:.g3u,

® -gou

o'bed.ni.gau

aberration

®

Abelmeholah

Abertillery

Abenaki .aeb.a'naek.i® ,a:.b3'na:.ki, .aeb.a'raev.^n

Abercanaid Abercarn .aeb.a'kain

®

-a^'aev-

.aeb.a'kaen.aid

Aberconway

®

®

,-3"-

-3>-'ka:rn

,aeb.9'kDn.wei

® -a^'kam-

Aberconwy ,aeb.3'kDn.wi®-3^'ka:n-

®

-a^.koirn Abercorn 'aeb.s.kDin Abercrombie, Abercromby

'aeb.s.krom.bi, -krAm-; .aeb.a'krom.bi, -'krAm-a^.kraim-, -3^'kra:m-

Aberdare .aeb.a'des''® Aberdeen .aeb.a'diin

®

-

-a^'der

-a^'- -shire Jir stress shift:

®

®

®

,aeb.a^- family

name:

,aeb.3'gen.i

®

-a^'-

,aeb.3'ne0.i, -'nii.Gi

'aeb.a^'neG.i

aberran|t

aeb'er.^nlt, a'ber-;

'aeb.s.r'nit -ce -ts -cy -t.si

2

®

'aeb.a^.nae6-

Abernethy

® -'d3ur

-s -z

ablatje -ing

®

asb'hoir, ab-

a

city: asb '

.

'

.

i

.

a

-0a^

-es -z

-ig

-id

a

Abidjan

,aeb.i:'d3a:n,

-i'-

'aeb.i.geil -s -z

in Syria: ,aeb.i'li:.ni, -a'- in

ablaut ablaze

Abimelech a'bim.a.lek Abingdon 'aeb.irj.dan -d3a>Abinger 'aeb.in.dsa"^ Abington 'aeb.ig.tan ab initio .aeb.i'nij.i.au, -a'-, -'nis-

®

'-I-

-ou'-

a'blei.J'n, aeb'lei-

ab|le

,aeb-

®

'aeb.la.tiv

-tiv -s -z

a'bleiz

-la^®-3l.3^,

'ei.bl^l -ler-'l.a^,

-lest -^l.ast, -last, -^l.ist, -hst

-la^

-ly-3l.i,-li

-able a.b^l Note: Suffix. Does not normally affect stress patterning, e.g. knowledge

/'nol.ids®

® nai

'na:.lid3/, '

.

li-/;

rely /ri

'

.

i

.

lai/,

dsa b^l .

reliable

I

lai a b^l/. In some cases, however, the stress patterning may change, /r

.

'

e.g.

.

admire/ad'maia''®-'maia-/, a b ^1/. aed m

admirable / able-bodied

®

.

.

'

.

.ei.b^l'bod.id

'ei.b^l,ba:.did, .ei.b^l'ba:- stress

British only: .able-bodied 'person

shift,

Ablett 'aeb.lat, -lit ablution a'blui.T^n -ably

,ei.bai.at»'d3en.a.sis,

®

.aeb.la'tai.v^l

'aeb.laut -s -s

'

-ability a'bil. a. ti, i.ti® a.ti Note: Suffix. Words containing -ability always exhibit primary stress as shown above, e.g. capability

-ed -id

,aeb'lei.tiT)

knowledgeable / nol

abilit|ya'biLa.tli,-i.tli®-a.tli-ies-iz

® -oo abiogenesis ®

®

ablative

-t -t

-ed -d

-ir)

-a^/z

,aeb'lei.tid

ablatival

-a^/z

®

a'bleit, aeb'leit, ,aeb'leit -es -s

-IT}

ablation

-ring -ig -red -d -rer/s -sVz

® abhorrenjce sb'hor.^nlfs, a'borsb® name: bai a Ab Abiathar ® -ing -ed abidje a'baid abode 'baud ® -'boud

®

aeb-, -'dso:'^

-es -z -ing

-er/s -aVz

-dsa'-,

-d3a'-, -dsu'- -s -z

abjur|e ab'dsua^,

-'bet.ir)

abeyance a'bei.snis abhor 9b'h^:^ s'bo:""

®

-dsua'-

/,kei.pa'bil.a.ti®-a.ti/.

-a^'-

-a^'Abergele .aeb.a'gel.i Aberkenfig .aeb.a'ken.fig Abernathy ,aeb.3'nae0.i

® ®

®

®

®

abjuration .aeb.dsu'rei.pn,

-ur

US: 'aeb.a.lim

Aberdour .aeb.s'daus'^® -^^'daua^ -a^'Aberdovey .aeb.a'dAv.i -a^'Aberfan .aeb.a'vaen Abergavenny place: .aeb.a.gs'ven.i

® ®

®

-betted -'bet. id -'bet. id -bettor/s -'bet.aVz -'bet.a^/z -betment -'bet.mant

Abilene

-a^'dou- -s -z

®-da--cates-keits-cating-kei.tir) -kei.t id -kei.tir) -cated -kei .t id

al'bet -bets -'bets -betting

-'bet.ir)

abigail (A)

.aeb.a'dau.ni.an

-ba^t

,aeb.3'ris.?wi9

a'bai.a.Ba"^

.Aberdeen 'station

Aberdonian

ajbet

ia biblical

®

-Ja^,

laeb.a'trid.ua"^

-'-

-ness -nas, -nis

-li

abjection aeb'dsek.pn abjudijcate aeb'dsui.dil.keit, ab-

-a^'-

,aeb.3.ti'le3.ri, -ts'-

Abertridwr

® ®

-ly

-a^.ta'ler.i

aeb'hDir-,

®

-J'^^ -Ji3^

®

Aberystwyth

,aeb.3'-,-'naek.i-s-z

Aberavon

®

-'ou-

.aeb.i'au.la

-'ai.tik abiotic .ei.bai'ot.ik 'aeb.dsekt, abject 'aeb.dsekt

,aeb.3'rei.J'n -s -z

Abersychan .aeb.a'sik.an -bs^it, Abert 'ei.bsit, -bat

.ei.b^l.mi'hau.b,

/-'set.W

® ® ®

Abiola

-rates -reits -rated

-rei.tir)

Abel 'ei.b^l Abeiard 'aeb.s.laid, '-i-® -laird

® -'hou-

/|i:'d3i:/

etal(efo//o)

dez'rez/

aberjrate

a'bek.it

s'bed

Abednego

e.g.(exempli gratia)

/bms/

/'brAd.a^z/

res [desirable residence)

-ma'-

/|en.bi:'ei/

(University of California Los Angeles] /ju:.si:.el'ei/

common, but do not all follow the same pattern, some being pronounced in full, some as letters, and some as they are

may be pronounced

/'brAd.az/, (US)

abed

/^ern'os/

written, e.g.:

Bros.(Brof/}er5)

a Becket

(see, for

spelt, e.g.:

the way it

des

word

as a

Abbreviations derived from Latin words and phrases are

/'es.kwaia^/

However, in some cases, an abbreviation

not the same as an acronym, in

MS (multiple sclerosis; manuscript) NBA (National Basketball Association)

used for people, e.g.:

Dr

is

pronounced

example, A/ZITO), e.g.:

Some good examples of abbreviations which are spoken in full

This

full.

letters are

-s -z

a.bli

Note: Suffix. Behaves as -able above.

Abnaki

aeb'naek.i

®

-'noi.ki -s -z

abnegjate - abuzz abnegjate

'aeb.ni.gleit, -negi.eit,

-ns.gleit -ates -eits -ating -ei.tir)

®-ei.tio -ated

abnegation

®

-ei.tid

-ei.tid

name in Britain often also:

.aeb.ni'geij'n, -neg'ei-,

-na'gei- -s -z

®

ab-

®

®

abnormitly

®

,aeb.n3:'mael.3.tli,

-no:r'mael.3.tli -ies -iz

aeb'noMna.tli, ab-, -mi-

-'noir.ma.tii -ies -iz

® -ou ABO ,ei.bi:'3u® -'ou aboard a'boid ® abode a'baud ® -'boud abolish ® abo

'aeb.su

-s -z

s'bol.ij

-ing -ig -ed

-s -z

-er/s -sVz

-t

®

-a^/z

® -,ba:m

-nei.tid

abscess

3,bDm.i'nei.J^n,

-a'-

.aeb.a'rids.^n.^l,

-i

®

a|bort al'bDit -'boirt -borts -'boits ®-'bo:rts -borting -'boi.tir) -'boir.tig -borted -'boi.tid

®

aborticide a'boi.ti.said -'boir.taabortifacient a.boi.ti'feiji.ant, -X^nt ®-,bo:r.t3'-

® abortive a'boi.tiv ®

-'boir.tiv -ly

,asb.u:'ki3'", -u'-

s'baund

-s -z

®

-ing

-li

-'kir

-ir)

-ed -id

9'baut -es -iz -ing

-ed -d

about-turn a.baut 't3:n

®

-'ta^rn -s -z

above a'bAv above-board

® aboveground s.bAv'graund ® 3'bAV.graund above-mentioned a.bAv'men.fJ^nd ® -'meni. J^nd a,bovementioned 'person ab ovo ,aeb'3u.v3u ® -'ou.vou stress shift:

.aeb.rs.ks'daeb.ra -s -z

abradje s'breid

Abraham biblical 'a:-

-es -z -ing -ig -ed -id

'ei.bra.haem,

-'saip-

-'sairp-, -'zairp-

-'saip-

-'sDirp-, -'zairp-

aeb'stein,

-s -z

-ing -ig

-a>-/z

abstemious

aeb'stii.mi.as, ab- -ly

-li

-ness -nas, -nis

abstention

aeb'sten Jj^n, ab-

abstergent

-s -z

aeb'stsi.ds^nt, ab-s

abstinen|ce 'asb.sti.nanlis, -sta- -t abstract (n^adj.) 'aeb.straekt -s -s

-t

-as -az

-i

®

-a^/z

-s-z-ing-ig -ed-d

'aeb.s^nis -es -iz 'aeb.s^nt -ly

-li

,

absent

.aeb.s^n'ti:, -sen'--s-z

-ham as a

name in Britain often also:

-ism

.absentee ballot; .absentee 'landlord '-Ji.a

.aeb.s^nt'main.did

-li -ness -nas, -nis stress .absent-minded 'person

shift:

®

®

.aeb.sa'luit,

'—

.asb.sa'luit.li, -'Ijuit-

® absolutjism ® absolutive ®

.aeb.sa'lui.pn, -'Ijui-

'aeb.s'l.ui.tli.z^m, -jui-

-sa.lui.tli- -ist/s -ist/s

.aeb.sa'lui.tiv, -'Ijui-

-'lui.tiv

-'solv

®

-'zai/v,

-'sa:/v, -'zai/v, -'sai/v -es -z -ing -ig

-ed -d -er/s -aVz

-ness

-'sa^id,

-li

-ness

ab'zai.dli.z^m, -'s3:-

-'zrM- -ist -ist ab'zsi.da.tii, -'ssi-, -di-

®

-a^/z

.oi.bui-,

-'daeb.i® .ai.bui'dai.bi

Abu Ghraib .aeb.u'greib Abuja a'bui.dsa a'bui.li.a, ei-, -'bjui-

abundance a'bAn.dan^s abundant a'bAn.dant -ly -li

Abu

Nidal

®

.aeb.ui.nii'dail, .oi.bui-,

.ai.bui-

'ei.b^r.i

®

-ber-, -ba^-

a'bjuis -es -iz

abus|e(i;.)a'bjuiz-es-iz-ing-ig-ed-d

-er/s-aVz®-a^/z

Abu Simbel

®

.aeb.ui'sim.b^l, -bel

.ai.bui'-

abusive

'fabulous

-'lu:- -s -z

absolvje ab'zolv,

®

ABTA 'aeb.ta Abu 'ai.bui, 'aeb.u: Abu Dhabi .aeb.ui'dai.bi,

abusje (n.)

.aeb.sa'luit-, 'aeb.sa.luit- stress

absolution

® absurditjy ®

Abury

-es -s -est -ast, -ist -ness -nas, -nis

s/ij/it.-.absolutely

ab'zsid, -'s3id

absurdjism

-'dael

absinth(e) 'aeb.saeG, -sin^G absolut|e .aeb.sa'luit, -ljuit,

absolutely

absurd

abulia

aeb'sen.ti.a, -'sen^./i-

absent-minded

-li

-nas, -nis

-'ss^i.da.tli, -'z3>-i- -ies -iz

stress shift, see compounds:

® -'senija,

aeb-

aeb'struis, ab- -ly

-'s3>-:-,

,

absentia

abstriction ab'strik.J^n,

-nas, -nis

'aeb. sell, -sail

-'sents-senting-'sen.tig®-'sen.tig -sented-'sen.tid®-'sen.tid

.

aeb- -s -s -ing -ig

-'z3^id -est -ist, -ast -ly

ab|sent(i;.)aebl 'sent ab- -sents

z

'aeb.straek^l.li,

ab'straeki-, aeb'- -ness -nas, -nis

abstruse

'aeb.si, -zi

absencje

-s -z

-ed -id

aeb'sij.^n, -'S13- -s -z

absent {adj.)

abstraction aeb'straekj^n, ababstraction|ism

abstrict ab'strikt,

aeb'sisl.a, ab- -ae

'aeb.s^l.uit, -ju:t

s.bAv'boid a'bAv.boird

abracadabra

-'sai-

abstract|ly -ing -ig

-iz

-ly

about-fac|e a.baut'feis -ir)

-'bruit-

-ing -ig -ed -id -er/s -a Vz

abseil

-I

-ness -nss, -nis

about

Abse

absentee

-'boir- -s -z

-ist/s -ist/s

abound

®

without leave

-'bD:r.tid

s'boi.J^n

-li

abstract(i;.)aeb'straekt ab- -s-s -ing -ig-ed/ly-id/li

abscond aeb'skond, ab-®-'ska:nd

-z

Aboukir

-est -ast,

-a^

aeb'sis.in

absciss|a

-s -z

abortion

-'sDir-, -'zair- -ly

-'sai-

aBb'straek./3nl.i.z3m,ab--ist/s-ist/s

abscisje aeb'saiz, ab- -es -ed-d

abscission

aborigine(A),£eb.3'rid3.3n.i,-i.ni-s

® ®

-ra'-

'aeb.ses, -sis -es -iz

abscisin

ae,b5:.ma:'J'ei, -,bDn-

-i.n'l -s -z -ly

-li

®-'steni.J^n

®

-ness -nas, -nis

ABS ,ei.bi:'es Absalom 'aeb.s^l.am

-,ba:.mi'- -s -z

aboriginal (A)

®

abruption a'brAp.J^n Abruzzi a'brut.si, -'bruit-

'-s-

® a bon marche ® -.boun.mair'-

-'sair-, -'zair- -ly

,

®-nei.tid

abomination

-li

-'sairb,

ab'zoi.ban^.si, -'sai-

® absorbent ab'zai.bant, ® absorbing ab'zai.big, ® absorption ab'zaip.J^n, ® absorptive ab'zaip.tiv, ® abstain ab-ed -d -er/s -aVz ®

®-'st3^:- -s

-ist -ly

-neits

-nei.tir)

-gates

-s -z

® -'bai.mi- -nates -nating -nated ® -nei.tir)

-ra-

.aeb.rao'gei./^n

A'Brook a'bruk abrupt a'brApt -er -a"^

®-'ba:.mi--ly-li-leness-^l.n3s,-nis a'bom.il.neit,

®

-s -z

abominab|le3'bDm.i.n3.bPl,-^n.3-

abomijnate

'aeb.raol .geit

abrogation

.aeb.aa'mei.sl^m

'ei,bDm

abrasion a'brei.s^n -s -z abrasive a'brei.siv, -ziv -ly -li -s -z abreact ,aeb.ri'aekt -s-s -ing-ig -ed-id abreaction ,aeb.ri'aek.J^n abreast a'brest abridgje a'brids -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d

-gated -gei.tid®-gei.tid

-ou'- -a -3

A-bomb

,erbraeg.kil.3l, a'braeg-,

-geit s -gating -gei.tig®-gei.tig

-ist/s -ist/s

®

absorbency

aeb'raeg- -ate -eit, -at

abrojgate

abolition ,aeb.3'lij'.=>n -s -z abolitionjism .aeb.a'lij.^nl.i.z'm

abomasjum

'a:-

a'braem.a.vitj,

®

-'bai.li / -es -iz

®

-'zoirb -s -z -ed -d -edly -id.li, -ad.li

-able -a.b^l

abridg(e)ment a'bnds.mant -s -s abroad a'broid -'braid, -'broid

-'boird

ab'zaib, -'saib

-'soir-, -'zair-

abranchijal -'no:r-

-ly-i

-i.tii

Abramovich

absorb biblical

aeb'raem-

Abner 'aeb-na"" -na^ abnormal aeb'nD:.m='l, abnormalitjy

Abrahams 'ei.bra.haemz Abram 'ei.bram, -braem as a

a'bjui.siv, -ziv -ly

-li

-ness

-nas, -nis

ajbutal'bAt -buts-'bAts -butting -'bAt.ig®-'bAt.ig-butted-'bAt.id -'bAt .id -buttal -'bAt ^1 -'bAt ^1

® ®

®

.

.

abutilon

a'bjui.ti.lan, -Ion -ta.lain, -Ian -s -z

abutment a'bAt.mant abutter a'bAt .a'^ abuzz a'bAZ

®

-s -s

-'bAt

.a- -s

-z

3

Abydos

-

accommo|date

Accent may refer to prominence given to a

Accent

Major differences between

syllable

(seesTRESs),ortoa particular way of pronouncing. This panel concentrates

on the

vowel

latter definition.

like butter,

English

Examples for English Speakers

Cockney

example, there are accents such as Scots,

London), and Scouse

United States the

(in

Liverpool),and

in

the

New York accent differs considerably from

commonly heard

that

in

non-rhotic,that is,an in

r in

is

in

words

rhotic while

British

the spelling

is

always

US English,butonly where a vowel follows

in

British English,e.g.:

may share the same grammar and vocabulary,

(in

is

and the fact that US English

pronounced

but pronounce what they say with different accents. In Britain,for

and US English include the

British

words such as g/oss, the use of a flapped A/

in

glass

/gla:s/

(ys)

/glaes/

butter

/'bAt.aV

@)

/'bAt.a^/

car

/ka:V

®

/ka:r/

More information on the accents chosen to represent

British

Texas. There are also different world

and American English

standard English accents, such as

British,

is

given

the Introduction.

in

American,

Australian, Indian or Singaporean.

Abydos

a'bai.dos, -das; 'aeb.i.dos

(up a'bai.dais; 'aeb.i-

abysm

s'biz.^m

abysmal abyss

-s -z

s'biz.m^l -ly

-i

a'bis -es -iz

abyssal

a'bis.^l

Abyssini|a,aEb.i'sin.il.3,-3'--an/s -an/z

AC, a/c (t/SafiZjreu. /or air conditioning)

mania maniac /'mei.ni.aek/.

stress patterning, e.g.

a/c {abbrev.for account) a'kaunt

acacia

a'kei.Ja, '-si.a

academe

-

-a^d

a'kui.tla^

a'kui.tla^ -a^d

-^r.ir)

Accra -i.tig

®

-i.tir)

accreditation

-its -its -iting

-ited -i.tid

®

-i.tid

a, kred.i'tei.pn® -a'-

accre|te

a'kriilt, aek'riilt -tes -ts

-ting

-tio -ted -tid

-tir)

®

®

accretion a'krii.pn, aek'ri:accretive a'krii.tiv, aek'ri:-

®

accrual

-s -z

accruement

-ing

-ir)

Aceldama

-'sel-;

-aceous always exhibit primary stress as shown above, e.g. herbaceous /hsi'bei.Jas

a'sef.^l.as, ,ei-, -'kef-

® ® ® -bei.tid ®

'aes.a.lbeit

'-a^-

-bated -bei.tid

-bates

-bei.tir)

acerbic a's3:.bik, aes'3:-aUy -^l.i, -li acerbity a's3:.ba.ti, -bi-

a'ss^:-

-ated -ei.tid

a,si:.ta'min.a.fan,

,aes.i.ta'-; a,si:.ta'-,

'aes.i.teit, '-a- -s -s

-ying

-ai.ir)

-ed -d

acetin

aek'Al-

acetone 'aes.i.taun, '-a-®-toun acetose aes t aus -a- -t auz -t ous acetous 'aes.i.tas, '-a-® 'aes.i.tas;

-ei.tir)

-ei.tid

accumbenjt a'kAm.banIt -cy -^.si accumujlate a'kju:.mjal.leit, -mju-

i

.

'

,

acetum

® ®

a'sii.tam

®

® -tam

'aes. i. tail, '-a-, -til; a'si:-, -tail

ae'set.M,

acetyl|ate

;i:l;

a'tj'i:v.mant -s -s

Achil(l)

aek.il

Achilles

a'kil.i:z

A.chilles heel

-i:r-®-'ser

.aej.il'seaf,

Achin a'tjiin Achish 'ei.kij"

® -,ka:n.drarplei.3i.a, -plastic achoo ®

,ei-

-'plaes.tik

a'tju:, 'ae.tju:

Achray a'krei, a'xrei achromatic .aek.raa'maet.ik,

®

.aek.ra'maet- -ally

achromatism

-^l.i

a'krau.ma.ti.z^m,

® -'krouachromatizje, ® -'krou-

-es -iz -ing

achromatous

a'krau.ma.tas,

,ei-

,ei-

-is|e a'krau.ma.taiz, -ir)

-ed -d ,ei-

'a:x.tur), 'aex-

®

'a:x-,

'a:k-

achy

'ei.ki

acicul|a a'sik.ju.lla, -ja- -ae

-i

-ar -a

acid 'aes. id -s -z -ly -li -ness -nas, -nis acid ,drop; ,acid rain; ,acid test, acid ,test 'aes. id.

acidity

bed

-s -z

a'sid.a.ti, aes'id-, -i.ti

a'si:. Pi

a'set.i.lleit, -^ll.eit

-'set.a.lleit, -'si:.ta- -ates -eits

®

-a.ti

acidiz|e, -is|e 'aes.i.daiz -es -iz -ing -IT) -ed -d

acidophilus

a'sii-

acetyl

-lei.tir)

'-i-®-tin ,

-ating

®

-ied -aid

.

-ed -d

acidifjy a'sid.i.f lai, aes'id- -ies -aiz -ying -ai.ir) -ied -aid

acid

a'si:.ti.flai, aes'i:-, -'set.i-

'

achievement

-ir)

-a^/z

acidic a'sid.ik

a'si:.tik, aes'i:-, -'et.ik

'aes.a.tin,

a'^J'u:.li.an

®

acidhead

-,set.a'-

-'krui.al

-tja'rei-

-lates -leits -lating

acetaminophen

acetic

Acheulean, Acheulian a cheval ,ae.Ja'vael

achtung

a's3^:.ba.ti

acetate

'aetj.i.s'n, '-a-

®-'krou.ma.tas

Acestes a'ses.ti:z, -'kesacetabul|um .aes.i'taeb.ja.llam, -ju-ums -amz -a -a -ar -a"^ -a^ acetaldehyde .aes.i'tael.di.haid, -da-

®

®

Acheson

iCi.kraa-

-belts -bating -bei.tir)

,aes.i-

a'tjei.bi

Achernar 'eLka-nai"^® -ka^.na:r -ra:n Acheron 'aek.a.ron, -r^n

stress shift: .achromatic 'lens

a'sei.ki.a, -'si:- -s -z

acerjbate

®

ha^-/.

ei'sef-, a-

acequia

-t

-a^/z

a'tj'u:

®

®

-ti:z

-ed

a.kon.drayl'plei.zi.a, -3a

Words containing

acephalous

®

-irj/li

achondrojplasia

a'sel.da-

'ei-Jas, 'ei.Ji.as

Note: Suffix.

Achebe

-ing/ly

-s

AchilleSerre

a'kel.da.ma,

®

Achaeja a'ki:l.a -an/s -an/z Achaia a'kai.a Achates a'kei.ti:z, -'ka:-

® A'chilles ,heel

®

acculturation a.kAl.tJ^r'ei.pn,

®

-ing

-iz

a'sii.tik a.cetic

a'kru:. mant

-tja.rleit -ates -eits

aek.Al-

-s -z

-ir)

accultur|ate a'kAl.tprl.eit, -ei.tir)

-a^/z

-'set. a- -ies -aiz

a'kru:.al, -'krual -z

®

a'si:.di.a

® acetifjy ®

'aek.rir).tan

accruje a'kru: -es

® ®

-tid

a'krii.tiv

Accrington

ac|e eis -es

a'set.i.Ii:n, -^l.i:n

-'set.a.li:n

a'tji:v -es -z -ing -able -a.b^^-er/s -aVz

-ig/li

,ei.si:'di:.si:

-aceous

.aes.a.t^l'-

achievje -ing/ly

®

a'kra:, aek'ra:

accredjit a'kredl.it

-iz

a'kAs.tam

-ed -d -er/s -aVz

.aek.el'da:-

acjcount al'kaunt -counts -'kaunts

-i.ti®

a'kjui.za.t^r.i;

a'kjui.za.tair.i

acedia

,aek.u:'J"3:z -es -iz

accountab|le

,aek.ju'zei.pn, -ja'- -s -z

accusje a'kjuiz -es

,aes.i.tairkau.li:n,

a,si:.t^rkou-, -.set.^i'-;

-er/s -aVz

®

®

®

achje eik -es

a'kju:.z'l -s -z

accusatory

a.set.i'lei.pn, -^I'ei-

-.set.a'lei-

®

-li

accusatival a.kjui.za'tai.v^l -tiv -s -z accusative a'kju:.za.tiv accusativity a,kju:.za'tiv.a.ti, -i.ti ®-a.ti

AC/DC

,aek.u:'Jy: -s -z

accountability

-ness

-ed/ness -d/nas, -nis

a'kuij.mdio

®-ma:nt, laek.uij'md: accoucheur ,aek.u:'/3:^

-li

a'k3:.sid, -'kaist

a'ka^ist, -'k3^:.sad -ly

accustom

-ed -id

accouchement

-ly

-rit

acin|ose

-ated -ei.tid

-ei.tig

-ei.tid

acetykholine

®

,aek.ju'zei-, -ja'-, -tri

© ®

a'koi.dir)

-ja^.a-,

-nas, -nis

accomplish

® ®

®

-ei.tir)

acetylation

,-a-

'aek.ja.rat, -ju-, -rit

®-ja^.at, -ju.rat,

-i.a^/z

-es -iz

®

'aek.ja.ra.si, -ju-

-ating

acetylene

accurate

accomplicje a'kAm.plis, -'kom-

accord a'koid -,

ael'aes-

-ta:r,

-ster

,a:k.rou'tir.i

Akroyd

a'laer.am; -'la:.

'ael.a.sta^ -stea""

,aek.and.av'swDt

a'laes.

'aek.raid

al-al,ael .ea.ta'sai.fis

,er.ta's3^:.fas stress shift:

air-to-surface 'missUe 'ea.ta:z, -tuaz

air traffic 'ea.traef .ik

airwave

®

® -'ga:r.dou

'ei.kaz

'aek.aed

®

Alamo

® -ba:r

Akerman

®

a'laed.in

-ta-

.er.ta-

Airtours"

,aek.a'bu:.si

'ei. kan.

Akron

Aladdin

French: -fua'njei

'aek.a

.aek.a'hii.tau

'aek.ba:^

Akkad

a'laek.ra.ti, -ri.ti

ael'e:n Alain man's name: ael'se woman's name: a'lein Alain-Fournier ael.se'foi.ni.ei as if

'aed3.u.tid3, a'd3u:t-

Akenside

akin -nis

a'laek.a.dei, a,laek.a'dei

alacrity

®

ai'kei.la

akimbo

-s -z

'ea.sik

a'laek

alackaday

®: 'ei.dsaeks

Akihito ,aek.i'hi:.tau®

'er- -s -s

,ael.a'ka:t, ,a:.la:'-

'cave

man ® ® Akhmatova ak'mai.ta.va, ,a:k.ma'tau- ® Ak'mai.ta.va,

,er- stress shift, see

'ea.Jip

akela

la

-'gouAlagoas ,ael.a'gau.as a la grecque .ael.a'grek, ,a:.la:'-

-tji.ou

,ai.ka'hi:.tou

Akers

'er- -s -z

® ® air-sea ® compound: ,air-sea rescue ® airship airshow 'ea.Jau ® 'er.Jou ® -ness -nas, airsick airspace 'ea.speis ® ® airspeed airstream 'ea.striim ® airstrike 'ea.straik ® ® airstrip ® airtight airtime 'ea.taim ® air-to-air ® .es'si:

-/ai'pel

'aed3.a.tid3, a'dsu:-

Akbar

-men -man, -men

® carte ®

alack

AKA, aka ,ei.kei'ei, Akaba 'aek.a.ba

®

,ael.a'baes.ta^

,a:.la'ka:rt, ,ael.a'-

a'jaetj.i.au, a'dsaes.i.au

Akabusi Akahito

'er.laik -s -s

'a:. la:, 'a:. la,

'ael.a.baes.ta^

a

.eiks.lei'bee, ,eks-,

® a:'ja:.tJou,

ajutage -it)

®

®

-'ba:.sta^ 'ael.a.baes.ta^ -bai.sta""

football team: 'ai.aeks

-ed -id

.

.ael.a'baem.a, -'bai.ma

alabaster (A)

ajar a'd3a:'"®-d3a:r Ajax cleaning substance

'er-

'er- -s -5

airlift 'ea.lift

-ing -ig

'er- -es -iz

:

'

® -'baem.a

-'baer)

Ajaccio

air-kiss 'ea.kis -ed -t

®

.

la 'ael.a:, 'a:. la:

Alabama

,eiks.la:.J"aep'el,

®

Aix-les-Bains

-nss, -nis

airing 'ea.rir) .cupboard

,eks-, -Ja'pel

I

'ael.a

-s -z

-a:n.prou'vd:s

Aix-la-Chapelle

'er- -s -z

.

Ala. {abbrev.for Alabama) -'baem.a .ael.a'baem.a, -'bai.ma

a

Aitchison 'ei.tji.s^n Aith eie Aitken 'eif.kin, -kan Aix eiks, eks Aix-en-Provence

®

'er- -s -z

abdomen becomes abdominal dom n ^1/ /- da ma-/,

'

/.aeds.ik'tai.v^l/.

locally: 'ei.z^l.bi

,eiks.d:m.pra'vd:ns, ,eks-

-s -s

forming

is

adjective becomes adjectival

-es -iz

aitchbone

'er.fer -s -z

'ea.fea"^

e.g.

®

,ea.ri'fea.ri

ail -s -z

aitch

/a'rauz/,

usually either stressed one or two syllables before the suffix,

item

-iness -i.nas, -i.nis

Aisha ai'ii.Ja Aislaby 'eiz.la.bi aisle

'er.a^ -s -z

airfield 'ea.fiild

airgraph

-s -z

®

arouse

/a'rau.z^l/. In

adjectives, however, the resulting

®

stress shift: ,airy-fairy 'concept

'er.i

® ® ® airf leet airf low 'ea.fbu ® air-foil ®

airfare

14

®

'eri .i -ier -i.a"^ air|y (A) 'ea.rii ®-i.a^-iest -Last, -i.ist -ily-i.li,

airy-fairy

-ied -d

,

-alal Note: Suffix. When forming a noun, -al does not normally affect the stress

'er- -s -z

-iness -i.nas, -i.nis

-s -z

airer

®

'ea.wei

airjwornan 'eal.wum.an -women-,wim.in airworth|y 'ea,w3:.dli®

'ea.weiv

®

®

Note: Prefix. Examples include allocate /'ael.a.keit/, in which stressed,

®

'er.turz

'er-

'er- -s -z

® AL

/-'lur/,

.ei'el

Alael

it is

and allure /a'ljuaV where it is unstressed.

alate 'ei.leit alb aelb -s -z

Alba

-s -s

'ael.ba

®

-koir albacore 'ael.ba. ka: Alba Longa ael.ba' lor). ga ,

®-'la:r).ga, -'b:r)-

-s -z

I

Alban - Alfa Romeo i

Alban Albani

ael'bai.ni

Albanija

Albany 'ael-

'dI-®

'Dil.ban,

London:

-an/s -an/z

®

'oil.ba.ni, 'ol-,

in Australia:

'a:l-,

'ael.bs.ni

®

albatross

Aldred

Alcmene

'a:l. bairn

-tra:s,

Aldrich

oil-, a:l-

Albers

-bi-® -marrl

bs. mail,

'ael.

Alberic 'ael.ba.rik Alberich 'ael.bs.rik,

®

-hail -s -z alcohol 'ael. ka. hoi -'hai.lik alcoholic .ael.ka'hol.ik

-rix

® ®

ael'bai.ts

® ®

albertite

'ael.ba.tait

Alberton

'ael.

'ael-,

-ba^-

Alcuin 'ael.kwm,

Alcyone

Aldbury

,ael.bi'gen/.si:z,

®

-z

®

'ail-

'ael.bju.b

®

'ail.bui-, -bjui-

-mm

-'nur.i-, -'njur-

'ael.ba,k3i-

®

'ael.ba.ka^i-

,--'--

® ®

ael'bai.nam

Albury 'ail.b^r.i, Alcaeus ael'sii.as

.ail.da.li'eds, ,d1-

,d1-

,ail.d3^'-, ,ail-

'ail.da^n, 'ail-

-s

ael'kael.dei, -di

®

'ol-®

'oil.da^-,

® Aldershot ®

'ail.daz.geit,

'ol-, -git

Alderson

Aldgate

'oil.da.t^n, 'ol-

® ®

'^Il.da^-,

Aldi"

'ail-

a'len.san;

.ael.ain'soun

® -ou ®

a'lep.au, ael'ep-

al'lsit

®

-lerts -'bits

-'la^it

-'la^it.li

-'Isit.li

-'bi.tir)

-'Isi.tid

,ael.i'saen.dri.a, -es'-

,ael.a'saen-, ,ai.la'sain-

a'les.i

Alethea

®

.ael.a'Gii.a; a'lii.Gi-; 'ael.i.Gi-

.ael.i'Gii.a; a'lii.Gi-

alethic

ael'ii.Gik, a'Hi-

Aletsch

® Aleut ®

'ael. It;,

'ai.litj, -let;

'ai.let; a'ljuit, -luit; 'ael.juit, -uit

a'luit; 'ael.juit, -i.uit -s -s

Aleutian A-level

a'ljui.;an, -'lui-

®

-'lui-

'ei.lev.^l -s -z

alewijfe

'eil.wailf -ves -vz

Alex 'ael.iks Alexander .ael.ig'zain.da^, -'ag'-, -'zaen-, -ik'sain-

®

-eg'-,

-'zaen.da^

Alexandra

.ael.ig'zain.dra, -eg'-,

'ol-®

'aild-,

'aild'ael.di

®

'ail-

Aldine-'ail.dain,

ol-,

-dim

Aldington

® ®

'oil. dig. tan, 'ol-

Aldis(s)

'oil.dis, 'ol-

®

®

-'zaen-

,ael.ig'zain.dri.a, -ag'-,

alexandrian

®

-'zaen-

,ael.ig'zain.dri.an,

®

-'zaen- -s -z

,ael.ig.zaen'drii.na,

-eg-, -ag-', -zain'-, -ik.sain'-

'oil-,

'ail-,

'ail-, 'ail-

,

ael.

ig'zaen. dram, -eg'-,

-ag'-, -'zain-, -ik'sain-

®

-'zaen.drin, -'zaen. dram -s -z

alexia

,ei'lek.si.a, a-

Alexis Alf aelf

a'lek.sis

alfalfa

Alfa

'a:l-

-al -^1

alembic a'lem.bik -s -s Alen^on 'ael.£en.s5i/7®

alexandrine

'aild. helm,

'a:l-

Alcestis ael'ses.tis

-ses -ziz

,ael.i'maen.ik, -a'-

-eg'-, -ag'-, -'zaen-, -ik'sain-

'ail.da^-,

'ailrf-, 'aild-

Alcatraz 'ael.ka.traez, ,-'Alcazar Spanish palace: ,ael.ka'zai 'ael.ka.zair; ael'kaez.a^ music hall: ael'kaez.a"^® -3^

'eil. hauls

-'zaen-, -ik'sain-

'ail.da.s^n, 'ol-

'aild.geit, 'ol-, -git

Aldhelm

Alcester '^Il.st^^ 'd1-® 'oil.sta^,

® -tou

'ael.ed, -id

Alexandrina

Alcan"^ 'ael.kaen

®

-lek

'ffil.ik,

a'lek.tau

Alexandria

'ail.da.Jot, 'ol-

'ail-

®

-dei -s -z

Alecto

-ag'-, -'zaen-, -ik'sain-

'a:l-

-'kail.di,

-^l.i, -li

Alex'ander tech.nique

'ail-

Alderton

alcaic (A) ael'kei.ik -s

alchemic ael'kem.ik

'ol-,

'ail.da.ni,

-ally

'ei.li.a.t^r.i, ,ael.i'ei.t^r.i

'ei.li.a.toir-

Alessi 'ail.da^, 'ail-

'oil.da^.Jait, 'ail-

-'ba-i- -s -z

'oil-, 'ail-

'ol-

-'toir-, -'tair-

®

'ol-

Alderney

.ael.i.a'tor.ik, ,ei.li-

® aleatory ®

®-'l3-i.tid

® alder|man (A) 'ail.dal.man, -men -man, -men ® aldermanic ,ail.da'maen.ik, ® Aldermaston 'ail.da.mai.stan ® aldern dan, -dsin ® 'oil.

'oild-,

eil -s -z

Alessandria

'oil.da^z-, 'ail-

esp.for

ale (A)

-'Is^i.tir)

ael'den.tei, ail-

®

'ail-, 'ail-

'old-®

-'la^it.nas, -nis

'aild. ^n. am, 'old-

'^Il.da^ 'ol-

®

'ol-, 'ael-

'aild.witj",

-'Isit.nas, -nis

'oild-, 'aild-

dente

-W3i0

'ol-,

'aildz-, -ws^iG

-'l3^its

'aild.ba^.ou, 'aild-

Aldersgate

,ael.ba'k3i.ki,

das,

'oil.

'oil-, 'ail-

'oil-, 'ail-

-lertly ® -lertness ® -lerting -lerted ®

'ail.da"^-, 'ail-

albuminoid ael'bjui.mi.nDid -s -z albuminous ael'bjui.mi.nas albuminuria .ael.bjui.mi'njua.ri.a

Albuquerque

'oil-,

'aild-

a|lert

'ail.da"^-, 'ail-

-men,

® ael'bjui.man 'ael.bju.mm, -bja.mm ® ael'bjui.man

alburnum

'aild.ber-,

.ail.da^-, ,ail-

albumin

alcalde

al

Aldus

'ol-®

'oildz.waG,

® 'aildz.wa^G,

Aleppo

Alderley Edge

.ael.bu'fea.ra

.ail.bui'fei.ra

person:

'ol-®

-s -z

album 'ael. bam -s -z albumen 'ael.bju.man,

®

'aild.b^r.a, 'ol- locally:

®

®

Aldsworth

Alemannic

'aild.b'r.i,

alder (A) 'Dil.brau®

®

'oil.drids, 'ol-

'oil.drin,

alehoujse

'ael-

'Dild.ba^.ou, 'aild-

Aldenham

'ail-

Albula

®

'ol-

Alde aild® aild, aild Aldebaran ael'deb.a.ran, -raen Aldeburgh 'aild.ber. a, 'd1-

®

Aldrin

Aled

aldehyde 'ael. di. hard, -da- -s -z Alden 'ail.d'n, 'ol'ail-, 'ail-

Albright 'oil.brait, 'ol-® 'ail-, 'diIAlbrighton 'Di.brai.t^n, 'oil-, 'd1-

Albufeira

'ael.kouv

'aild-, -ba^-

'ail.brekt

Albrow

'ail.kait,

ael'saia.ni

Aldborough

-t -t

-bi'dsenf-

®

'nl-®

'ael.kauv,

'oi.bra®

®

Aldridge

Alec(k)

-ba^-

albinism 'asl.bi.ni.z='m albino ael'bii.nau -'bai.nou -s Albinoni .ael.bi'nau.ni -'nouAlbinus ael'bii.nas Albion 'ael.bi.an Albrecht 'ael.brekt, -brext

®

®

-km

'oil.kat, 'ol-,

-kat

-s -z -d -d

-'ba^r.ta

® ®

'oil-,

®

'oil.dritj, 'ol-, -drids

aleatoric

alcove

ba. tan

'ail. das, 'ail-,

-dred®

'oil.drid, 'ol-,

Aldwych

-s -s

'ael.by:z,

'sel.bi

Albigenses

'ael.ka.hol.i.z^'m

-hai.li-

Alconbury 'oil.kan.b^r.i, 'di-, 'd1-, -kam-, -bri® 'ail.kan.ber.i, 'ail-,

-ba^t -s -s

albescen|ce ael'bes.'nUs Aibi

®

Alcott bat

.Albert Hall

Alberta

alcoholism

alcopop 'ael.kao.pDp®-kou.paip

-rik

'ail.ba^z 'ael.

®

-ba^-

'ael.bsiz, 'oil.baz

albert (A)

'ol-® 'ael.kaik,

'ail-,

-s -s stress shift: .alcoholic 'drink

®

Albemarle

'd1-®

'Gll-

aelk'mii.nii

Alcock 'ael.kok,

albedo ael'bii.dau -dou -(e)s -z Albee 'oil.bi:, 'ael-® 'a:l-, 'oil-, 'ael-

®

'oil. das,

'ail-,'oil-

® ®

'ael.ba.tros

Dil'bii.it

Aldous 'ael-

'ael.ka.mi, -ki-

®

-trois -es -iz

albeit

ka. mist, -ki- -s -s

Alcibiades .ael.si'bai.a.diiz '-ouAlcinous .ael'sm.au.as

'a:I-

'D:!.ba:n, 'd1-

'ael.

'ail-

in US:

'ail.ba-,

'oil.ba.ni, 'd1-

Albarn

alchemy

a:l-,

aerbei.nil.3, o:\-

in

®

®

alchemist

'a:l-

®

a-

.ael'fael.fa

Romeo

-

,ael.fa.rau'mei.au

® -rou'mei.ou

15

Alfie - Alleyn

Alf ie

®

align

ael.fi

Alfonso

®

-'fa:n^.sou, -'fain.zou

®

Alford 'o:l.f3d, 'ol'o:l.f3^d, 'a:lAlfred 'ael.frid, -frad Alfreda aerfrii.da Alfredian ael'frii.di.sn alfresco, al fresco ael'fres.ksu

® -kou

Alfreton

al|ga

-gae

'aell.ga

-tri

.ael.i.men'tei.J^n

alineation

'ael.gaiv

® ail'gair.va -ally

-^l.i, -li

ic 'sum algebraist

-al

stress shift: .algebra-

,ael.d3i'brei.ist, -dsa'-

-s -s

®

,ael.d3i'si3.r3s, -d33'-,

-ed -d

'ael.dsa''

®

a'li/.a

Alison

'ael.i.s'n

Algerine

®

-'d3ir.i-

'ael.i.sta"^

Alix

'aEl.d3a.nan, -non

'ael.gol

Algonquian Algonquin

-ga:l

®

'd:1-, 'a:l-

in Spain: ael'haem.bra,

surname:

'ael.i

al-;

boy's

name and

'a:.li, a:'li

'ei.li.as, -aes -es -iz

,ael.i'ba:.ba, ,a:.li-, -bai

alibi 'ael.i.bai -s -z

Alice

.ael.i'kaen.tei, -ti

®

-ti, -tei

.Alice 'Springs; .Alice in

'ael.is

'Wonderland Alicia

Alick alien

a'lis.i.a, -'lij.a

®

-'lij.a, -i.a

'ael.ik

'ei.li.an -s -z

-ing

-ir)

-ed -d -age

-id3

alienable

-nated ® ® -nei.tid -nator/s -nei.taVz ® -nei.tir)

-nei.ta^/z

alienation .ei.li.a'nei.J^n -s -z alienjism 'ei.li.a.nli.z^m -ist/s al'lait

-'lai.tir)

® 16

®

-'lai.tid

-lights

-'lai.tir)

-ist/s

-lighting -lighted -'lai.tid -

®

-ka.lai -(e)s -z

-ally ® ® allegorizje, -ing -ga- -es ® -='1

laits

-t

-^l.i, -li

'ael.i.ga.rist, '-a-

-iz

.ael.k^l.ai'zei.J^n,

'ael.k^l.oid

®

-ka.laiz

® -ka.bid

-s -z

'ael.ka.selt.sa^

alkene 'ael.kizn -s -z Alkoran .ael.kor'am, -ka'ra:n

-ka:'ra:n,

® -kair'am, ®

alk|y

'ael.k

alky!

'ael.kil

i

-ka'rain, -'raen

-k^l -s -z

-ed -d -gairl.i

'ael.a, -a:; a'la:, ael'a:

,ael.a.ha'ba:d, -'baed

,o:l.a'mer.i.k^n

allele

'ael.in

a'liil -s

®

-touallantois a'laen.tau.is allantoides a.laen'tau.i.diiz

-z

a'lii.li.z^m

alleluia (A)

.ael.i'lui.ja, -a'- -s -z

allemande

'ael.a.maind, -maend,

®

-mond -maend, -mamd, -maen, -man -s -z all-embracing .ail.im'brei.sio, -em'-

®

shift:

.all-embracing 'theory

,D:l.em'-, ,a:l-, -im'- stress

Allen 'ael.an, -in Allen ,key; Allen .wrench

Allenby 'ael.an.bi Allendale 'ael.an.deil, Allende ai'end.i, -ei

-in-

® ai'jen.dei,

a:l-

allergen

'ael.an.taun, -in-

'ael.a.dsen,

-dsan

®

'-3>-

-s -z

allergenic

allergly

® ® ® ®

'ael.a.dsist

'ael.a.dsli

Allerton

®

,ael.a'd3en.ik

allergic a'l3:.d3ik

'-3^-

'-a^-

'ael.a.t^n

-a^'-

-'l3^:-

-s -s

-ies -iz

'-a-. tan

allevi|atea'li:.vil.eit -ates -eits

-ating

,a:l-, ,a:l-

Allan 'ael.an Allan-a-Dale .ael.an.a'deil Allandale 'ael.an.deil

-s -z

-'leg.rou, -'lei.grou -s -z

Allein(e)

allergist

,a:.la'brei.vi, -vei

all-American

-irj

®

.ael.i'gret.au, -a'-

Allentown

-ies -iz

alkyne 'ael.kain -s -z all o:l® d:1, a:l .aU fours; .all right alia breve .ael.a'brei.vei, -vi

Allahabad

'ael.i.ga.rli, '-a-

Allegri ael'eg.ri, -'ei.gri allegro a'leg.rau, ael'eg-, -'ei.grau

allelism

alkane 'ael.kein -s -z Alka Seltzer .ael.ka'selt.sa'^

®

-a'-

.ael.a'gei.ni

allelic a'li:.lik

-al-^1

®

®

.ael.i'gor.ik, -a'gor-

allegorist

®

-ka'lin.a.ti

Allah

.neit -nates -neits

-nei.tid

a|light

a'li:.d35nlfs -ces -siz -t

allegoric

® -'gret.ou

.ael'kael.ik

alkaloid

®

'ei.li.an.a.b^l

aliejnate 'ei.li.al -nating -nei.tii)

allegianjce

'ael.i.gen.i

allegretto

alkalizje, -is|e 'ael.k'l.aiz -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d

a'laem- in California: ael'haem.bra

All girl's name:

'ael.k^l.ai

alkalization, -isa-i'-® -i'-

.algorithmic de'sign

®

.ael.i'gei.ni, -a'-

-ies -iz

'ael.ka.hest

®

®

-ed -d

-ir)

Alleghany Allegheny

allegorjy

-ka.lain alkaline 'ael.k'l.ain alkalinity .ael.k'l'in.a.ti, -i.ti

algorism 'ael.g^r.i.z^^m algorithm 'ael.g'r.i.d^m -s -z algorithmic ,ael.ga'rid.mik stress

Alhambra

alkali

-ing

-is|e 'ael.i.ga.raiz, '-a-

'ael.iks

alkalif|y ael'kael.i.f lai -ies -aiz -ying -ai.ig -ied -aid

ael'goq.kwin, -kin

'd1-

-iz

a'led3. id. li, -ad-

-goir.ist -s -s

-ja

alkalic

®-'ga:n-, -'ga:D-

Alicante

.ael.i'tael.i.a, ,a:.li'ta:.li-

alkalescenjce .ael.k^l'es.^nlfs ®-ka'les- -cy -t.si -t -t

ael'gog.kwi.an, -ki.an

Algren 'ail.grin, Algy 'ael.d3i

allegedly

-'ga:r- -al

alkahest

shift:

.anharmonic "system

anhungered

an'hAg.gsd, aen-

'aeg-, 'aig-

aen.jul,-

®

-d

-ka.rait

anna

annul a'nAl -s -z -ling -iq annular 'aen.ja.la^ '-ju-

'aen. a -s -z

(A)

annu|late

anility

aen'il.a.ti, a'nil-, -i.ti

anima

'aen.i.ma

animadversion

(®

-a.ti

annulet

Annagh aen'ai,

'aen.ai

annuljus

Annakin

'aen. a.

km

annalist

'aen.'l.ist -s -s

-i-ai,

® -'va^.s^n, -pn

Ann Arbor

,

am

-ating

a'nAnf.siI.eit, -Ji- -ates

®

-ei.tir)

-ated

-ei.tir)

-ei.tid

(A) a,nAni.si'ei.J^n

annus mirabilis

(A)

.aen.as.mi'rai.b'l.is, -ma'-

®

,aen.a'p3i.na, -'pua-

aen'ai.ba

-uses -as.iz

-s-z

,ai.nas-, ,aen.as-

anode

'aen.aud

® -oud

-s -z

®

anodizje, -ise 'aen.ao.daiz

®

-'air.ba^ '-a-

'aen.aes, -as

-es -iz -ing

anodyne

annatto

®

'aen.

annunciation

a'naep.^l.is, aen'aep-

®-'p3-i-, -'pur-

-s -s

-lit

-s -s

aen.ja.llas, '-ju-

-ei.tid®

'aen.aem

'aen.an.deil

Annapurna

'aen.ju.lat, '-ja-,

annunci|ate -eits

-lated

-ii

annum

'aen.a.li

-la^

-lei.tid

annulment a'nAl. mant

'aen.'lz

Annas

,aen.i.maed'v3:.pn,

-led -d

'aen.jal.leit, '-ju-

-lei.tid®

Annabel 'aen.a.bel Annabella ,aen.a'bel.a

Annandaie

-ant/s

-iz

-^nt/s

Annamese ,aen.a'miiz Annan 'aen. an

® -Im,

a'njui.a.tii, -i.tii

®

Annapolis

'ei.nail, 'aen.ail

aniline 'aen.i.liin, -hn, -lam -lim, -lam

-a.laiz -es -iz -ing -ig -ed

®-'nui.a.tli, -'njui- -ies

ankle ,sock

'aeq.klat, -klit -s -s

Annam aen'aem,

'aen.il

®

annuit|y

-s

Ann aen

Annaly

anhydride aen'hai.draid -s -z anhydrite aen'hai.drait anhydrous aen'hai.dras anile

ankle anklet

aegk -s

'aeri.k^l -s -z

annals

® -ga^d anil

'aerj.k^r.ait

Annaba aen'ai.ba

-tid

(us)

Angus

'aeg.k^r.a®

ankerite

ankh aigk,

-ness-n3S,-nis

angularit|y

Ankara

a'naet.au, aen'aeta'nai.tou, a'naet.ou

'-ou-,

-ed -d

-ir)

'aen.ao.dain®

'-ou-, '-a-

-s -z

-verting-'v3:.tir)(HD-'v3>:.tir)

Anneka

'aen.i.ka, -a.ka

a|nointal'naint -noints -'noints -'nam. tig -nointing -'nain.tir) -'nain.tid -nointed -'nain.tid - naint. mant/s -nointment/s

-verted-'v3:.tid®-'v3^:.tid

annelid

'aen. a. lid -s -z

anomalous a'nom.a.las

-mad'-,

-s -z

animad|vert,aen.i.maedrv3:t,-m3d'r.3'bil.3.ti, -i.ti

®

,aen/.sa^.3'bil.3.ti

answerabjle -ly

'a:nf.s'r.3.bl='l

®

'aenf-

aent

Where ant-

is

attached to

a free stem it often carries secondary stress, e.g. antacid other cases it may take primary, secondary or no /,aen'ta;s.id/. In

stress at

all, e.g.

antonym

® antonymic antonymous /aen'tnn.i.mas ® /'aen.ta.nim

-t''n.im/,

/laen.ta'nim.ik/,

-'tui.ns-/.

®

-'1

ant

aent -s -s

-ary

®

-pa'nAlt

antepenultimate

.aen.taeg.'n'-® -3'nis- -ally

® -a.naiz

Antalya

-s -z

-'l.i, -li

-is|e aen't£eg.='n.aiz

-es -iz -ing

asn'tael.ja

®

-ir)

-ed -d

.am.t^l'ja:,

® -vou

,aen.t3,naen.3'ri:.v3u

-'ta:r.tik

aen'toik.tik

®

-'ta:rk-,

Ant.arctic Circle;

Ant, arctic 'Ocean

Antarctica

asnt'hi:.liks, fenf'Gi:- -es -iz

aen'Gem.ik

anthological

®

-'toirk-,

anthologjy

Anthon

aen'tea.riiz

® ®

-'ter.iiz

ant-bear 'aent.bea"^ -ber -s -z ante- jen.ti -ts. Note: Prefix. Words containing antecarry either primary or secondary stress on the first syllable, e.g.

®

antechamber /'aen.ti.tjeim.bs^ -ti.tjeim.ba-/,

/.aen.ti'nei.t

31

®

®

antenatal -tg'nei.Pl/.

ante 'aen.ti -ti -s -z -ing -ir) -d -d anteater 'aent,i:.t3''® -ta^ -s -z antebellum .aen.ti'bel.am ®-t3'antecedence ,aen.ti'si:.d'nfs,

®

antecedent

.aen.ta'sii-

.aen.ti'sii.d^nt, -ta'- -s -s

-li

antechamber

'aen.ti, t/eim.ba"^

-t3,tj"eim.ba^ -s -z

antechaperaen.ti,tjaep.3l®-t3--s-z

® -pa'mair-

-ist/s -ist/s

,aen?.Gra.pay'ma:.faiz -es -IZ -ing -ig -ed -d

anthropophajgus

-ing -ig -ed -d

®

aen'Gol.a.dsli

-'Goi.la-

anthrax 'aeni.Graeks anthropic aen'Grop.ik

-ti;

®

-'sit-

-'Groi.pik

,aenf.Graapao;

,asn^.Gra'pa:

secondary stress on the antihero

anthropomorphic

®

®-'pa:.la-/.

anthropocentric

'

first

®

-ti.hir.ou/, anti-

®

antinomy /aen'tin.a.mi/.

®

-ti, -tai -s

anti-abortion

®

-z

,aen.ti.a'bo:.j3n

-ti.a'bair-, -tai- -ist/s -ist/s

®

.aen.ti'ei.dsir)

-ti-,

-tai-

.

®

-ti'er.kraeft, -tai'-

anti-American

.aen.ti.a'mer.i.kan

-tai-

,£en.ti.baek'tia.ri.al

®-ti.baek'tir.i-, -tai-

/,aen^Gra.pao'ma:.fik -pa'mo:r-/, but may also have primary stress on the third syllable, e.g., .

'aen.ti

antibacterial

anthropo- normally exhibit secondary stress on the first

anthropology /,aenf Gra pol

-ti, -tai;

syllable, e.g.

®-ti-,

Words containing

syllable, e.g.

®

anti-aircraft .aen.ti'ea.kra:ft

,aenf.Graa'pD® .aenf.Gra.pa, -pou; Note: Prefix.

aen'ti

other words. Most often, these compounds carry primary or

stress, e.g.

-al-q

anthropo-

.aeni.Grao'pos.a.fli

-ist/s -ist/s

Numerous compounds

anti-ageing

®

-Gra'pai.fa-

aen'ti

anti

'aenf.Gra.sait

anthracitic ,aen^Gra'sit.ik

®

,aeni.Gra-

aep'nii.a, 'aep.ni.a

apocalyps|e

-a^'sui, .ai.pa^'- -s -z

-iz

'ei.pi.siiz, 'aep.i-

Apemantus aep.i'maen.tas ® -tas 'aep.a.namz, -en.ainz

-'er.i- -s -z

®

®

apath|y 'aep.a.Gli -ies -iz ap|e eip -es -s -ing -ig -ed -t Apelles a'pel.iiz

®

'ei.pi.a.rist -s -s

apiarjy 'ei.pi.a.rii -eri .i -ies apical 'aep.i.k^l, 'ei.pi--ly-i

apices

-'pair.teit, -tait

®

-ed -d

'aef.ra

a'paetj.i -s -z

a'pait. mant

-ir)

-a^/z

aphrodisian

-an/s -an/z

apart a'pait -'pairt -ness -nas, -nis apartheid a'pai.tait, -taid, -teid,

®

-ally-'l.i,-li

aphrodisiac

'ei.a.rist, 'ea.rist

aperiodicity 'aen-

nwick 'aen.ik®-wik nxiet|y

®

®

®

'ei.nas -es -iz

®

aphes|is

-er/s -aVz

-ou'-

ic 'voters

'aent. si

a'fei-

aphelijon aef ii.li.lan -a -a apheresis aef'ia.ra.sis, a'fia-, -n-

-s -z

Aosta aj'os.ta -'a:.sta, Aouita au'ii.ta® -ta apace a'peis

-^1

-a -a

-3i.a

a'fei.zik, aef'ei-, ei'fei-

aphorism

® AOB ® A-OK, A-Okay ® -ouAOL^

apathetic

®

aphasic

®

a'fei.zi.a, aef'ei-, ei'fei-,

-3a® a'fei.sa,

aphony

-s -s a'partment ,block; a partment ,house

'-a-

-'toi.ns-

-3i.a,

aphoriz|e,

apartment

-'toi.na-

aphasia

anywise 'en.i.waiz Anzac 'aen.zaek -s -s Anzac ,Day Anzio 'aen.zi.au -ou

aorist

-t^n.i

-ri-

a'fer.a-

aphorist 'aef.^r.ist, -or'-a^- -s -s aphoristic ,aef .^r'ls.tik, -or'-® -a'ris-

-ae

'aen.ta.ni

® -roud

aort|a ei'o:.tla®-'a:r.tla-as -az

® ® ® ntony ntonym 'aen.ta.nim ® -t^n.im

®

-es -iz

aef la.ra.sis, a'fia-,

anyway 'en.i.wei -s -z anywhere 'en-i./iwea"^ ® -/iwer

Aoni|a

-'too-;

aphaeresis

®

'en.i.pleis

anyroad 'en.i.raud anything 'en.i. Gig anytime 'en.i.taim

aperjy 'ei.pa.rli -ies -iz apeshit 'eip.Jit apex, APEX (A) 'ei.peks

aphonia ei'fau.ni.a, aef'au-, a'fau• ®erfouaphonic ei'fon.ik, aef'on-, a'fon-

.ei'wAn, -'won -'wAn stress shift: ,A-one con'dition

ntonine 'aen. ta. nam -s -z ntoninus ,aen.t3praisement a'preiz.msnt

>preci|ate

/li:d/

-e 1

.

-e 1

1

-ei.tid

.

1

3-/z

-s -z

approval 3'pru:.v3l -s -z approvje 3'pru:v -es -z -ing/ly

a^/z

s.prii.Ji'ei./^n, -si'-

-ed -d -er/s -3Vz

-s -z

3preclative3'pri:./3.tiv;'-Ji.3.tiv,

®

-a^/z

approx (abbrev.for approximate/ly) s'prok.si.mst/li, -S3-, -mit/li

-ness-n3s,-nis

®-'pra:k-

-si.

3-®

3'pri:.Ji.3.t3r.i, -Ji.ei-,

f3prehend .aep.n'hend, -ing

-ir)

-rs'- -s -z

,aep.ri,henf.si'bil.3.ti, -rs-, -ss'-,

®

-3.ti

pprehensibte

-ir)

-ed

®

-tis -es -iz

3'pren.ti.;ip, -tis-

pprlsje, -iz|e 3'praiz -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d -er/s -3VZ -a^/z

®

ppro 'aep.r3u -rou pproach 3'pr3utJ -'prout J -es -ing -ig -ed -I.ti

®

®

-S3-

-,pra:k- -s -z

aep'wi:, s'pwi:

appuls|eaep'Als,3'pAls, 'aep.Als-es-iz 3'p3;.ti.n3nlis,

® -'pyi.t^n.sn/fs -ces

-t^n.^nlis

APR

-iz

3,pr3u.t;3'bil.3.ti,

® -'prou-

leLpi'D:""® -'a:r

®

aep.rei' - stress shift: apres-ski

-bates -belts -bating

®

-r3-

-bei.tir)

-bated -bei.tid ® ® -bei.tid -bative -bei.tiv ® -bei.tiv -bei.tir)

'ei.pri.kot

®

-ka:t, 'aep.ri-

'Pprobation ,aep.r3u'bei.pn®

,a:pri:'o:r.ai, ,ei-,

apriority

-ly-li

'aep.sli

-er

-3"^

®

-a^

-est -3st

,

-ist

-ness -n3s, -nis

apter|al

'aep.t^rl.^l

-ous -3s

apteryx 'aep.t'r.iks -es -iz aptitude 'aep.ti.tjuid, -t3-, ®-tu:d, -tjuid -s -z

-tj'u:d

aptitudinal .aep.ti'tjui.di.n^l, -t3'-, -'t/u:-® -'tui.d^n.^l, -'tjui- -ly -li Apulija 3'pju:.lil.3 -an/s -3n/z

apyretic

,aep.aia'ret.ik; .ei.paia'-,

®

-pai'ret-

aqua 'aek.w3®

'a:k-

,aek.w3.e3'r3u.biks ,a:.kw3.er'ou-, ,aek.W3-

® ,aek.w3'kAl.tpr.3l ® aquaculture ® 'a:.kw3,kAl.tX3^, aqua fortis ® Aqua-Lung 'aek.ws.Ug ® 'a:.kw3-, 'aek.waaquamarine ,aek.w3.m3'ri:n, 'aek.w3.m3.ri:n ® ,ai.kw3.m3'ri:n, aquacultural

,a:.kw3'-, ,aek.w3'-

'aek.W3,kAl.tj3'^

,aek.W3'fo:.tis

ia:.kw3'fD:r.tis, ,aek.w3'-

-s -z

,aek.w3- -s -z

aquaplan|e

'aek.ws.plein

® 'a:.kw3-, 'aek.w3-

aqua regia

-es -z -ing -ig

,£ek.w3'ri:.d3i.3

® ,a:.kw3'-,

,aek.W3'-

® ,ai.kw3'-, ® s'kwer.ist

aquarellje ,aek.w3'rel

,aek.w3'- -es -z -ist/s -ist/s 'aek.ws.rist

-s -s

'ei.pran -s -z -ed -d

.strings

-ums-3mz-a-3 Aquarijus 3'kwe3.ri.l3s

apron

®

-'kwer.i-

-an/s -3n/z

Aquascutum

-i

,ei.prai't)r.3.ti, -i.ti

-'o:r.3.ti

apron

® -'pou

aquari|um3'kwe3.ri.l3m®-'kwer.i-

-s -s

April 'ei.pr^l, -pril-s-z April 'Fools' .Day a priori ei.prai'oi.rai, ,a:.pri'o:.ri

® ®

Apsley apt aept

aquarist

'drinks

,

'aep.rsol.beit

.aep.rs'pau

apsje aeps -es -iz apsidal 'aep.si.d'l

,

apricot

pproachable 3'pr3u.t/3.bn

-r3'-,-rou'--s-z

English),e.g.:

-ed -d

Apr. (abbrev. for April) 'ei.pr'l, -pril apres 'aep.rei ,a:'prei, ,aep'rei apres-ski .aep.rei'ski: ,a:.prei'-, ,

-,prou.t|3'bil.3.ti

pprojbate

® s'prok.si.ms.tiv, ® -'pra:k.s3.m3.tiv

-S3'-

®

-t

pproachability

US

'aek.w3,-

3,prDk.si'mei.J"^n,

-f.siz -t -t

-to- -s -s

®

s'prok.sil.meit,

-mates -meits -mat-

® -mei.tig -mated

appurtenanjce

-t

pprenticeship ®-i3S.Jip,

(v.)

-'praik-

approximative appui

-ness -n3s, -nis

pprenticje 3'pren.tis -ing

®

-mei.tir)

approximation

pprehension .aep.ri'hen.ij'^n, -r3'®-'heni.pn -s -z pprehensive .aep.ri'henf.siv, -rs'-li

-S3-

ing

-li

-mei.tid® -mei.tid

.aep.ri'hen^.si.b^l,

-ra'-, -83-

-ly

in

aqua-aerobics

(adj.) a'prok.si.mst,

-'proik- -ly

approxi|mate

pprehensibility -i.ti

®

-S3-, -mit

3'prDk.si.m3nt, -S3-

-s -s

approximate

-ed -id

apropos

-pai.i'-

approximant ®-'pra:k-

'-j3.to:r.i, '-Ji.s.toir.i

-irj/li

-able -s.b'l

'-si-®3'pri:.X3.tiv;'-J'i.3-,-ei--ly-li

3preciatory

[^j

Approximants therefore are never fricative and never contain

approbatory

praisee

'-Ji.a.bPl, -si. 3-

lead

read

and

British English

in nasals.

non-fricative Ixl

interruptions to the flow of air.

-er/s -3

®

[j] in

and

,aek.w3'sk/u:.t3m

® ,a:.kw3'sku:.t3m, aquatic 3'kwaet.ik, -'kwot-'kwai.tik ®

,aek.w3'-

-'kwaet-,

-s -s -ally

-n.i,-li

29

—

k

,

-

aquatint - archduke

® 'ai.kwa-,

aquatint

'aek.wa.tint 'aek.wa- -s -s

-s -z

'aek.wa.vit, -vi:t

rchon'a:.k3n,-kDn® 'a:r.ka:n-s-z trch-prelate

®

.aitj'prel.st, -it

,a:rtj- -s -s

brch-priest

,a:tj"'pri:st

®

.airtj-

-s -s stress shift: arch-priest's ,

'ceremony Firch-traitor .aitj'trei.tsr

®

,a:rtj"'trei.t3^ -s -z stress shift:

f

'air-

®

®

'These are mine.' /.diiz.a'mam 'These are old.' /.diiz.a'''auld /-a^' ould), but when the weak form precedes a vowel, as in the last example, it often happens that the word is pronounced as a syllabic /r/

(e.g.

-a^'-/;

(e.g./,diiz.r'auld®-'ould/).

'air.ga.nait, -nait -s -s .ai.ga'noi.tik

.air.ga'nai.tik, -'noi-

'ai.gos

'air.gais,

'air.ga.sli

-z

'ai.rant

'air.gou, -gat -s -z 'airg--ly-li

®

'airg- -es -z

'aig.jui

-d

-ir)

-a^/z

-ju-

'airg.ja-, -ju- -s -s

.aig.ja'men.t^I, -ju-ju'-

argumentation.aig.ja.men'tei.J^n, -ju-,-man-®,airg.ja-,-ju--s-z

argumentative

.aig.ja'men.ta.tiv,

® .airg.ja'men.ta.tiv, -ness argus (A) ® argy-bargy ® Argyle ® -ju-li

-ju'- -ly

-nas, -nis

'air- -es -iz

'ai.gas

.ai.dsi'bai.dsi

®

aria 'air. ant,

®

aren'taint airnt areolja a'rii.^ll .a, aer'ii- -as -az -ae

®

'air.

'ai.ga.noit

Argyllshire

'er-

'-a-

'ai.gon,

.aer.i'Dm.i.ta', .ea.ri'-,

.er.i'ai.ma.ta^, ,aer- -s -z

air-, '- stress shift:

ai'gail

®

areometer

'air-

'ai.g^l.is

.Argyle 'tartan

-z

arena a'rii.na -s Arendt 'aer.ant,

'air.gail, -g^l

'ai.gol, -g^l

.air.dsi'bair-

®

are surface measure: a'J air -s -z area 'ea.ri.a® 'er.i- -s -z area .code areca a'rii.ka; 'aer.ia'rii.ka; 'aer.i-, 'er- -s

'air- -s -z

-ies -iz

®

® ®

'ai.gaiv

'ai.ga.sli

,archimedean 'screw

'ai.dwik

air-

'air.ds^n.tain, -tiin, -tin

'a:r-

'air- -ly

'ai-da"^

rchicar.kik® uir.kik 'ai.tji (® 'a:r-

rchie

®

® ®

ardent 'ai.d^nt Arding 'ai.dir)

® (A) 'ai.ds^n.tain ® Argentinian ® argillaceous ® Argive ® Argo 'ai.gau ® 'air.gou argol ® Argolis ® gain -gan ® argon Argonaut ® Argonautic ® -gas Argos ® argosjy ® argot 'ai.gau ® arguabjle'aig.ju.a.bPl® -ing argu|e ® -er/s -aVz ® -ed argument 'aig.ja.mant, ® argumental ® .airg.ja'men.Pl, argentine

-denz

Ardleigh, Ardley

® 'air.tJa.bDild, -ba:ld

chimedean

®

'a:r-

Ardingly'a:.dir).lai,,-'-®'air.dir)-,

® ,a:rtj'her.3- -s -s

-mi:'di:.3n

'ai.d'nf.si

-s -z stress

US only, see compound: .Argand diagram 'airargent (A) 'ai.d^nt Argentina ,ai.d3^n'tii.na, -d3en'shift,

'air-

Ardennes ai'den,

-li

®

-gand

'ai.gaend,

® .air'gaind, -'gaend

a:r-

'a:r- -s -s

ardency

®

Argand

-a^d/,

®

-eG'jui-

.air.a'Gui-

®

but may dullard /'dAl.ad, -a:d®-3^d/. See

® Ardeeai'di: ® Arden ®

aer'et, a'ret

ai'ret. sou Arezzo aer'et. sau, a'ret'air-, -f^n Arfon 'ai.v^n, -von

-a^d/, e.g.

-a:rd/, e.g.

chotypicjal .ai.ki'tip.i.kPl

chimandrite

®

Ardagh 'a:. da, -da: Ardeche a: 'dej a:r-

'er.iiz

'ea.riiz

arete

®

3^d, a:rd

®

.ai.ra'kii-, ,er.a'-, .aer-

Aretha a'rii.Ga Arethusa .aer.i'Gjui.za,

'a:r-

3) ,u:r.k3'- -ally -^l.i,

chi-a:.tji®

'a:r-

-it

individual items.

®

chery 'ai.tj'r.i 'a:rchetypal ,a:.ki'tai.p^l, 3)

.aer.i'kii.pa, -ek'ii-

'air.kju.ei.tid

also be /-a:d

op. a'd3it.ik

.aer.i'op.a.gas

® a:rk'tur.3s ®

wizard /'wiz.ad

-3^.stoun, -st^n

®

®

i

at|taint al'temt -taints -'temts -'tem.tir) -tainting -'tern. tir) -'tern. tid -tainted -'tern. tid

,aet-

-ing -ig -ed -d -er/s -aVz

atonal

a.tei.na'bil.a.ti, -i.ti

®

.aet.a.mi'-

atomizje,

.aeO.a.rau.skb'rot.ik, -skler'ot-, -rou.skla'rai.tik -sklir'-

-ing -ig -ed -d

®-a.ti attainder a'tem. da^ -da- -s -z attainment a'tem. mant, -'teim-

-s -s

.aet.a.mai'zei.J^n, -mi'-

atherosclerotic

athlete

® -'tai.mik a.tomic energy -ally atom|ism 'aet.a.mli.z^m ®

®

-s -z

attainability

'aet- -s -z

-ist/s -ist/s

® -rou.skb'rou.sas

athirst a'Gaist

®

am

a'tom.ik

atomistic .aet.a'mis.tik atomization, -isa-

.aeG.a.rau.skb'rau.sis, -skler'au-,

Atherton

'aet.

attain a'tem -able -a.b^l

'aet-

atherosclerosis sklir'-

'aet.oil, 'ei.ta:l,

-'l.i, -11

Athenian 3'0i:.ni.3n -s -z Athenry ,ae9.3n'rai, -in'Athens 'aeG.^nz, -inz 'aeG.a.li

atom

atomic

3'0i:.ni, -ni:

Atherley

®

'aet.ol; a'tol

-toil -s -z

a'eii.na

'

a.tai.niz.at'b:

-,t3-:.niz.at'la:, -'b:

l>

I

— augment

attorneyship -

AW

Pronouncing the letters AU,

combinations au and aw are similar in that common pronunciation is /d: (ys) a:/, e.g.:

The vowel their

In

letter

most

sauce

® ®

/sd:s/

saw

/so:/

addition

Other sounds associated with the combinations au

/sa:s/

/9u(ys)ou/

is

more variation

in

in rare cases:

gauge

/ei/

/la:f/

weak syllables

(g) /laef/

The vowel combinations au and

The combination au may also be pronounced as

vowel /a/

/D(y|)a:/,e.g.: syllabic

Australia

/os'trei.li.a/

because

/bi'koz/

/ai'strei-/

(ys)

in

awry

/a'rai/

/-'ka:z/

®

a'tai.ni.Jip

-'ty:-

/'res.t^r.S:/;, '-tro:/;/

ittract a'traekt -s -s -ing/ly

®

-irj/li

-able

-a^/z

-ed

-a.b^'l

ttractability 9,traek.t3'bil.3.ti,

®

-i.ti

-s -z

ttractive9'traek.tiv -ly

-li

-ness

ttributable

9'trib.j9.t9.b^l, -ju-

-j9.t9-

® ®

-bjuits -buting -bju.tir)

-buted -bju.tid

-bjg.tir),

-bja.tid,

ttribution

,aet.ri'bju:.J"^n -s -z

'3:k-

-ir)

-jg.tiv -ly

c®

'aik.J^n,

ttrition 9'tri/.'n,

®

kttwell 'aet.wel, -W9l

-ir)

kt(t)wood 'aet.wud (twater'aet.wo:.t9'^ Balzac 'bael.zaek® 'bo:l-, 'ba:l-,

Bamako

,baem.3'k3u ibai.ma-

Bambi

(us)

s -z

'bael-

® .baem.a'kou,

-ouz

ba:m- -os -auz

-i.

Bamborough 'baem.b^r.a (3) -ou Bamburgh 'baem.b^r.9®-b3^.3, Bamfield

'baem.fiild

Bamford

'baem.fsd

®

1

r)

-ned -d

'ba:.ni

banana

ba'nael.a.tii, baen'ael-, -i.tii

b3'nai.n3®-'naen.3-s-z

ba,nana re public; ba nana ba.nana split

,skin;

®

'baen.b^r.i,

'baer).k3jo:.r'nfs,

-,Ju3-

bandagje

-ed -d

go

.off

'baen-

'baen.dids -es -iz -ing

-ir)

®

® ®

bandan(n)a ba?n'daen.9 -s -z Bandaranaike .baen.d^r.a'nai.i.ka,

stress shift, British only:

-'-

.Bangkok

-'nai.ka

®

,

.baeg.gla'dej"-, ,ba:r)- -s -z

® ®

'baen.

®

®

Seri

Begawan

.baen.ds.ser.i.bs'gai.wan, -be'-, .bain.da^-'gau.sn

®

-bi'-,

,bi:

.

^nd'bi:

,

-^m'-® -^nd'- -s -z

bandbox 'baend. bDks®-ba:ks-es-iz bandeau 'baen.dso as if French:

® baen'dou bandeaux French: 'baen.dau, -dauz as baen'dau ® baen'dou, -douz ® -da.roul banderole baen'dau

if

'baen.d^'r.aul

-s -z

bandicoot 'baen.di.kuU -s -s bandit 'baen.dit -s -s -ry -ri bandleader 'baend. Ii:.d3'^®-d3^-s-z

® -tam® -ers -az -ered -ad ® -ering ® Banting ®

bant|er

'baen.tla"^

-tla^

-^r.ir)

bantling 'baent. lig Bantry 'baen.tri

-tig

-s -z

Bantu .baen'tu:, ,ba:n-, '-® 'baen.tu bantustan (B) .baen.tu'stain, ,bam in

-go:r, -ga^

-'staen

banyan

®

,ha:r\'--

'baen. jaen, -ni.an, '-jan

'-jan, '-jaen -s -z

Banyard

am

'bsn.jaid

® -ja:rd

banzai baen'zai, bam-, '-®bam'zai

(plur. of ban) 'bai.ni

banian banish

baobab 'bei.aabaeb®

'baen. i. an, '-jaen -s -z

'baen.ij -es -iz -ing -ig -ed

-t

banister(B)'baen.i.staf®-a.sta^-s-z

Banja Luka

Banjul baen'd3u:l

bap baep -s -s baptism 'baep.ti.z^m-s-z.baptismi baptismal

'baen.dsau,

'-ou-, 'bai-

-s -z

'fire

,baen.ja'lu:.ka

,ba:.nja'-

-'-® 'baen.dsou

baptist

baep'tiz.m^l -ly

(B) baep.tist -s -s

-i

.John

thi

'Baptist

-(e)s -z

® 'ba:n.d3u:l

bank baer)k-s-s -ing-ir) -ed-t bank a.ccount; bank .card; bank .clerk; .bank holiday; bank .manager; bank .rate; bank .statement; .Bank of England bankability .baeg.ka'bil.a.ti,

®

-s -z

'baen. tam. weit

'baen. tig

.baeo.gla'dej.i, -'dei.Ji

-ga"^

® -kwou

banshee 'baen.Jii, -'- -s -z Banstead 'baen^stid, -sted 'baen. tig bant baent -s -s -ing -113 -ed -id® 'baen.tid

-a^d

,baer).gla'dej, ,ba:r)-

banjo

barn-

bseri'ket -s -s

'baeg.kwau

-a^z

.baeg.gla'dej", -'deij"

bangle 'baeg.g^l -s -z -d -d bang-on .baerj'on® 'baeg.ain -ga^ Bangor in Wales: 'baerj.ga"^

®

-ts-ts-ting-tig®-tir)-ted-tid®-t 'banquet .room; banqueting .hall

bantam (B) bantamweight

-ment/s -mant/s 'baend. eid-s-z

banquejt 'bffir).kwilt®-kwalt,-kwi

® 'baen.tam ® -tam

.baerj.ga'b:"^

-a^ -s -z banger 'baerj-a"^ Banger 'bem.dsa' -dsa^ 'baer).ka:k, Bangkok baeg'kok

bani

da® 'ba:n-,

-ir)

-a.sta^

'baen. an

Banquo

'baer).ga.b:r, ,-'-

Banham

-ed -d

B and B

Bangalore

-ed -id

-ir)

Band-Aid', band-aid

Bandar

-Ja^,

with a bang

Bangui ,ba:r)'gi: bang-up .baeg'Ap

'band .shell 'baen.

-ing

baer) -s -z

®

baenz

banquette

'baen.kraift,

'baer)-

Banda

®

-

'basn.fiild

US: 'baeg.g^:^

'baeg.k^r.i

'baeq-kroft

bang

® ®

'baen.ber-, -ba^-

-ing

Jia'

-shire -J"^^

(B) 'baen.i.sta^

bannock 'baen.ak -s -s Bannockburn 'baen.ak. bam

banns

'bem.f'l,-ful-ly-i-ness-nas,

bffinf

-lain

®-b3^:n, -ba^n

-nis

Bangladeshi

'baen-

-s -z

ir)

-s -z

Bangladesh

® 'baemBanbury ® bancassurance ® 'baeg.kajur.enis Banchory Bancroft ® baend

.

,baen.di'legd,-'leg.id,

'temple

-'na:r.3s Banaras bs'nai.ras Banbridge 'basn.brids, 'baem-

46

baneful

®

ba'nail, baen'a:!, -'nael

-a.tii -ies -iz

band

bane bem

®

-s -z

Bannon

Banfield

-fa^d

® ba:n

®

ast -ies -iz -ying -i

-ied -id

-Jir

ba n prohibit: baen -s -z -ning ban Romanian money: baen

banallt|y

'baen.dli-ier-i.3'^®-i.3^-iest -i.

-s -z

'baen. it)

bannister

•chUd

Banff

-b^^ig

banal

,

baegks

Banning

.

baem'bu:. z^l -es -z -ing -'bu:z.lir) -ed -d

bani

'baen.dwit6, -dwidG

'baend. wit0, -widG, -wiG -s -s

ist

'baeg.krapi.sli, -krApi-

®

-s -z

-'leg ddstress shift: .bandy-legged

-s -z

bamboozl|e -ir),

'ba:n-,

'baend.waeg.an

bandy-legged

baem'bu:

®

-'-

'baen.dur),

-s

Bann baen Bannatyne 'baen. a. tarn banner (B) 'baen.a"^ -a^ -s -z Bannerman 'baen. a. man® '-a--

'baend. staend -s -z

bandwagon

'baeg.krApt, -krapt -s

-ing -ig -ed -id

banksia 'baegk.si.a Ban-Lon® 'baen. Ion

-men

'baen-

band|y

-i -i

bamboo

Bandung

®

bankrupt

Banks 'baendzl.msn

-roul -s -z

-ies -iz

-da-,

-dou-

bandwidth

baem'bii.nlau

^.Ja:p -s -s .barbershop juar'tet

® ba:r'bai.bi.kan ® 'bair.ba'Barbie ®

irbette bar'bet irbican (B) •s

-z

-s -s

irbie (B) 'bai.bi doll®

'ba:r-

-li, -id.li -ness -nas, -nis stress shift, British only: .barefaced 'liar

®

barefoot

'ber.fut stress bea'fut British only: .barefoot 'child ,

bea'fut.

id®

.bea'haen.did 'ber.haen- stress shift, British only: .barehanded 'warrior

.bea'hed.id 'ber, bed- stress shift, British only: .bare-headed 'worshippers

®

.bea'legd, -'leg. id

British only: .bare-legged 'child

'baer.an.boim, 'bair-

irbitone 'bai.bi.taun

Barfield 'bai.fiild®

® 'bair.ba.toun -s -z

bar|fly

irbiturate bai'bitj.^r.at,

Barf cot

'bai.fut

'bit. ju. rat, -j^r.at, -it, -eit

bargain

'bai.gin, -gan

S)ba:r'bitJ.^r.at, -eit -s -s

-ing

bai'bit.ju-, -j'r.ik

® .bair.ba'tjur.ik, -'tur-

-ig

'bair.ba^ -s -z

® bair'bu:-,

'bju:-

®

'ba:r- -s -z

irbwire 'baib.waia"^® 'bairb.waia^

®

'ba:r-

»rcarol(l)e ,ba:.ka'raul,

® 'bair.ka.roul

-'rol,

'—

-s -z

-si'lau-

® ,ba:r.sa'louirchester 'ba:.tJ'es.ta^ ® 'bair.tja.sta^, -t/es.ta^

-tji.sta""

®

'bair- -'s -z

srclaycarti^ 'ba:.kli.ka:d, -klei-

® 'bair.kli.kaird

'bar.kaud

-s -z

'bair.kra:ft

(B)

-ed

-t

'ba:r- -flies -flaiz 'ba:r-

®

® bairds ®

'ba:r- -s -z

®

-a^/z

® ® 'ba:rd3.poul

-s -z

® 'bair.dsa^ ® ba:rd3, ba:rf Bargoed 'bai.gaid ® Bargrave 'ba:.greiv ® Barham surname: am, 'ba:.ram 'bair.am Kent: ® am ® Bari ® Baring ® 'ba:r-

'baer.

in

'ber-, 'baer-,

'ber-, 'baer-

'bai.ri

'bair.i

'bea.riri, 'baer.ig

-s -z -ic -ik

Baring-Gould

®

'ber.ig,

,bea.rir)'gu:ld

,ber.ir)'-

barista

bai'rii.sta, -'is.ta

®ba:r'del; 'bair.d^l, -del In Dicken's 'The Pickwick

barium 'bea.ri.am®

'baer.i.taun

'baim.bi

® 'bairm-

Barmecide 'ba: .mi. said® 'ba:r. mabar mi(t)zvah bai'mits.va

®

-i.a^

-I.

nas,

®

'ba:.mli

® bair-

'ba:r-

'ba:r- -ier

-i.a""

-iest -i.ist, -i.ast -iness -I.

nis

barn bam® bairn -s-z barn. dance;

®

'bair-

'bair- -s -z

Barnard 'ba:.nad,-naid® 'bair. na^d; ,ba:.na'dis.tan

® Barnardo ba'nai.dau, bai® ba^'nair.dou Barnby 'baim- ® Barnes bainz ® bairnz Barnet(t) ® bair'net, barney ® Barnfield 'bain.fiild® Barnham 'bai.nam ® Barnicott -kot ® 'bair.na.kait,

'bairn-

'bain.bi,

'--

'bai.nit

'bair- -s -z

(B) 'bai.ni

'bair-

®

-ni-, -kat

Barnoldswickbai'nauldz.wik toca/Zy a/so; 'bai. Ilk® bair'nouldz.wik Barnsley 'bainz.li 'bairnzBarnstaple 'bain.sta.p'l locally also: -b'l® 'bairn. sta.p'l

®

barnstorm

®

-'rii.sta

® 'ber.a.toun,

'baer- -s -z 'ber.i-, 'baer-

'bain.staim

'bairn. stoirm -s -z -ing

-er/s -aVz

Barnum

®

-ir)

-ed -d

-a^/z

'bai.nam

®

'bair-

barnyard 'bain.jaid®

'bairn.jaird

-s -z

®

Baroda ba'rau.da -'roubarograph 'baer.ao.graif, -graef

®

'ber. a. graef

,

'baer- -s -s

Barolo ba'rau.lau

Barolong

-s -z

baritone

®

barmaid 'bai.meid 'bair- -s -z barjman 'ba:l.man, -maen® 'ba:r-men -man, -men

'bai.ni.kat,

-s -z

Barger 'bai-dsa^ Bargh ba:d3, ba:f

'baer.

'bair.lou

'bairn-

-es -iz -ing

bargee ba:'d3i:, 'bair'dsi: barge|man 'baidsl.man, -maen 'ba:rd3- -men -man, -men bargepole 'baids.paul

ardell bai'del; 'bai.d^l, -del ote:

-ir)

'ba:r-

'baer-

® 'bair.koud arcroft 'bai.kroft ® ard ba:d ® ba:rd code

-ed -d

®

,bair.na^'-

'ba:r-

ircelona .bai.s^l'au.na,

jrclay 'bai.kli, -klei

-ing

-s

-ed -d -er/s -aVz

bargje baids

barbi.tiiric acid

irbule 'ba:.bju:I

'ber-, 'baer-

,bargain basement; bargain ,hunter

irbituric ,ba:.bi'tjua.rik;

irbour 'bai.ba"^® irbuda bai'bjui.da

-ir)

® ®

'bair.li.kDirn -s -z

Barnardiston

®

'bail.flai

®

Barlow(e) 'bai.lau® barm ba:m bairm

bair'naird

'ber-, 'baer-

®

,

® barnacle 'bai.na.k^l ®

'ber, leg. id, -legd stress shift,

barejly'beal.li® 'ber- -ness -nas, -nis

®

® ®

,bam door Barnabas 'bai.na.bas, -baes Barnaby 'bai.na.bi 'bair-

ba'rei.li

Barenboim

'ba:r- -s -s

®

barmjy

bare-headed

®

®

-a^/z

Barmouth 'bai.maG®

®

bare-legged

®

-s -z

barehanded

Bareiily

-t

Barker 'bai.ka"^ 'bair.ka^ Barking 'bai.kirj 'ba:rBarkston 'baik.stan® 'bairkbarley 'ba: .li 'ba:r- 'barley .sugar; barley .water; barley wine barleycorn (B) 'ba:.li.ka:n

Barmby

'ber.fut-

stress shift, British only: .barefooted

SD ,ba:r.ba'ra:.li

irbirolli .bai.brrol.i, -ba'-

ar

-t

'ber. feist -ly

Barents 'basr.ants barf baif bairf -s

irca 'bai.ka

-d

-lo

'chUd

irbed ba:bd® bairbd .barbed wire irbell 'bai.bel

-est

'ber-

barefooted

'ba:r-

-irj

'ba:rd-

-a^

-ed

-ir)

-a^/z

'ba:.ki:p

-er/s -aVz

® 'bairdz'baid.wal, -wel ® bar|e ® ber -er ® -ed -ing bareback 'bea.baek ® -ed .bounz Barebones 'bea.baunz® barefaced bea'feist ® shift,

irbecu|e 'bai.bi.kju:, -ba-ing

barkeep

'ber

irbary 'bai.b'r.i® 'ba:r-,Barbary ape; ,Barbary Coast irbate 'bu:.beit, -bit, -bat (® 'ba:r-

-z

® ® ® ® 'bairdz-

-ist, -ast -es -z

irbarous'bai.b^r.as® 'ba:r--ly-li

es

ba:r'da:.la-

-a""

-ing

-s -s

,bark up the wrong tree; their .bark is .worse bite than their

Bardolph 'bai.dolf 'ba:r.da:lf Bardot bai'dau bair'dou Bardsey 'ba:d.si 'ba:rd-

bea""

® .bair.ba'rou.sa, -'ra:-

® bairk ®

-er/s -aVz

ba:'dDl.a.tri

Bardwell

irbarossa ,ba:.b'r'Ds.a

irbated

®

bark ba:k

Bardsley 'baidz.li Bardswell 'baidz.wal, -wel

-i.tii

3. tli, -'baer- -ies -iz

® 'ba:r- -es -iz -ing

,barium meal

Papers' generaUy pronounced /ba:'del® ba:r-/.

-'lor)

®

® -'rou.lou

,bai.ray'laor),

,

baer. ao-,

,bair.a'lour)

barometer ba'rom. 1. 1^^

-a.ta*"

® barometric ,baer.au'met.rik -ally ® -'rai.ma.ta^ -s -z

,ber.a'-, ,baer- -al -^1

-'l.i, -li

47

,

barometry - Basle barometry

®

bs'rom.i.tri,

barrio 'baer.i.au®

'-a-

-'ra:. ma-

®

'ber-, 'baer- -s -z baron (B) 'baer.^n baronag|e 'baer. ^n. ids® 'ber-, 'baer-

barrister 'baer.i.sta""®

baroness

®

® az barristers-at-law ® barristerial ® Barron an ® barroom 'bai.rum, -ru:m ® 'ba:r.ru:m, -rum barrow ® 'ber.ou, ,baer

'ber. ^n. as, 'baer-

-es -iz

®

.baer.^n'et

'ber. ^n. at, 'baer-, -it

'baer.a.na.tids, -ni-,

® 'ber.a.na.tids,

,baer.a'net.id3

baronetc|y

®

'baer.a.nat.sli, -nit-,

®

'

-'rou-

-ies -iz

baroque ba'rok,

baer'ok

® ba'rouk,

baer'ouk, -'a:k

baroscope 'baer.aaskaup

'baer- -s -s

-'rai.sa

bart

'ba:,p3:.s^n

'ba:r,p3^:-

-s -z

® ba:rk

barque ba:k Barquisimeto

® ba:r,ka.sa'mei.tou ® ® -ed

®

,ba:.ki.si'mei.tau

-s -s

-t

®

'ber-,

,baer.a'mAn.dla

,ber-, ,baer- -as -az -i

-i

Barrat(t) ba:"^

®

'baer. at

® ba:r

®

'ber-, 'baer-

'baer- -s -z

®

-li ,

'ber-, 'baer- -est

,

® ® ba'ret

Barrhead 'ba:.hed® barricadje

-s -s

'ba:r-

'baer.i

barrier

'baer-, ,-'- -es -z

ba:r'tou.li

'ba:r-

'bairt-

'bai.ruk,

ba'ruik; 'bair.uik,

'ber.

'bea.

i/ig f/K-

'

baer

.

I

;

'

baer-

^/ze f/S.-

'

i

.

'

.

'

baer

.

ik

i

baer'ij"-,

ba'rij.ni.kaif bai'-, ,

-ing

'baer.i.sfia"^

'ber.i.sfir, 'baer- -s -z

'ber-, 'baer-

(B) 'baer.i.a"^

'baer- -s -z

'bairt-

,

'—

-id

-II)

'bair.Pl-

'ba:r-

i

'ber-, 'baer-

.baer.i'keid, -a'-,

® 'ber.a.keid, -ed Barrie ®

'bair.t^l

'ber-

-ness -nas, -nis

Barrett 'baer .at -et -it barrette ba'ret, ba:-

'bair.t^l-

ba'-

biblical

'baer.^l.ai.gan

'baer.^n

-ist, -ast -ly

'ba:.t'l.mei

'bea-,

'ber.^l.Dir-, 'baer- -s -z

barren

® ba:r9 ® Barthes bait ® bairt Bartholomew bai'Gol.a.mju:, ® ba:r'9a:.b-, Bartle ® Bartleby ® Bartlett 'bait.bt, ® Bartok 'bai.tok ® Bartoli ® Bartolommeo .bai.tol.a'mei.au ® ba:r,ta:.b'mei.ou Bartolozzi ® Barton ® Bartram 'bai.tram ® Bart's baits ® ba:rts bartsia ® name: Baruch -rak ® modern surname: ba'ruik Barugh baif ® bairf am ram ® Barum k ® ber Ba rw ck m k ba wi k m ® 'bair.wik Baryshnikov ba'nj.ni.kof -kaif -kaf ® barysphere ® barytone ® 'ber.a.toun, 'bait. si. a

-s -z

®

'ber.i.a^,

.Great .Barrier Reef

®

'ba:r.ig barring 'bai.rir) 'berBarrington 'baer. ig. tan

®

'baer.i.taun

'baer- -s -z

basal 'bei.s^l basalt 'baes.oilt;

®

-ly

® ®

-fa^d in Staffordshire:

-fa^d -iz

ba'sailt, -'solt

ba'sDilt, -'sailt; 'bei.sailt, -sailt

-ir)

-ed

-t

'bei.Jaen

®

'baej.fad

-fa^d

'baej.f^l, -ful -lest -ist, -ast

'baej.au

® bai'Jou ® -s

(B) 'bei.sik -s -s -ally

BASIC, Basic basicity

Basie

-ing

'baej.am

-z

-^l.i, -li

'bei.sik

ba'sis.a.ti, -i.ti

®

-a.ti

'bei.si, -zi

basil (B)

'baez.'l,

-il

®

'bei.z'l, -s'l;

•baez.^1

basilar 'baez.I.b^

®

-i.la^, -^l.a^

Basildon

'baes-, -^l.a"^

.basilar

membrane

'baez.^l.dan

basilect

'-a-®

basilicja ba'zil.i.kia, -as -az -an -an

-'sil-

basilisk 'baez.a.lisk,

'-i-

'baez.i.lekt, 'bei.sa- -s -s -al -^1

'baez.a-,

® ®

-'sil-

'baes-,

'baez- -s -s

basin 'bei.s^n -s -z basinet 'baes. i. net;

'-a-; -nit;

.baes.i'net -s -s

Basinger

®

'beI.sIr).g^^ 'baes.in.d3a'^

'bei.siij.ga^, 'baes.in.dsa^

Basingstoke 'bei.zir).stauk®-stou]. bas|is 'bei.slis -es

-iiz |

baskbaisk®baesk-s-s-ing-ir)-ed-t

Basker

'bai.ska''

® ®

'baes.ka^

Baskervill(e) 'baes.ka.vil

basket

'bai.skit

®

i

-ka^-

'baes.kat -s -s

'

-ful/s -ful/z basket .case; put all one's .eggs in one basket 1

,

basketball

®

'bai.skit. boil

basketry

'bai.ski.tri

®

'baes.ka-

basketwork

'bai.skit.w3ik 'baes.kat.ws^ik

® ® -'rai.bmz

Basle

boil

i

^!

'baes.kat. bail, -bail

Baskin-Robbins -^It;

-s -s

of base) 'bei.siz (plur. of

-ness -nas, -nis

-i

basho basic

-3^d

'bai.t^n

'ber-, 'baer-

'ber-, barrel 'baer. ^1 -(Ding -ID -(l)ed -d

barrel-organ

®

,ba:r.ta'la:t-

,ba:r.a:n'ki:.ja:, ,ber-, ,baer-

barratry 'baer.a.tri®

Bashan bashful

,ba:.ta'lDt.si

-is -is

,baer.ar)'ki:.a

Basham

Bashford

'ba:r,ten.d3^ -s -z

ba:'tau.li

barrag|e'baer.a:d3®ba'ra:rf3-es-iz

Barranquitia

-z -ing

'ba:r- -s

'beis.mant

bash bae/ -es

-s -s

'ba:r.ta:k

,baer.a'kju:.da, -'ku:-

.ber.a'ku:-, ,baer-

-men

-ly

in Nottinghamshire:

'baes.fad

'bair.stou

-lit

,ber.a'ku:.ta, ,baer-, -da -s -z

'beisl.man, -maen

-lis

basis) 'bei.siiz 'beis.fad

'ba:r- -s -z

'bai.t^l.bi

,baer.a'ku:.ta

barramundja

® ba:rt

'bai.t^l

-ness

(plur.

Basf ord

ba^-

'baer-

barracuda

'ba:r-

Barth ba:0

Barraclough 'baer.a.kUf barracouta

®

-Ja^, -.Jir

'bai.ten.da"^

Barthelme

-li

basement

bartjer (B) 'bai-tla""® 'bair.tia^ -ers -a^z -ering -^r.ir) -ered -ad -az

-s -s

Barr ba:^® ba:r 'ber-, 'baerBarra 'baer. a 'ber-, 'baerbarrack 'baer.ak -ir)

®

-s -z

-man, -men

-ed -id

bartender

®

® ®

bartend 'bai.tend® -irj

-es-iz

-bail, -bail

'beis.lain -s -z

base|man

bases

'ba:.stu:l

(B) ba:t

Basel 'bai.z^l baseless 'beis.las,

baseline

'baer.i.ma:'^

Barstow 'ba:.stau®

Ba,rossa Valley barouch|eba'ru:J,baer'u:J®ba'ru:J

®

'beis.bail

-nas, -nis

'bai.sit, -set, -sat

barstool

,ber.a'ska:.pik, ,baer-

barperson

'baer-

'ber-, 'baer-

-shire -Ja^ -Jia^

'baes.kjuil -s -z

bas|ebeis-es-iz-er-af®-3^-est-ist, -ast -ely -li -eness -nas -nis -ing -ir) -ed-t .base metal; base .rate

® -baird ® -bairn

'ber.i.mair, 'baer-

Barset

® 'ber.a.skoup, baroscopic .baer.ao'skop.ik ® Barossa ba'ros.a ®

®

'baer.i

Barrymore

®

'bei.saen

baseboard 'beis.baid baseborn 'beis.bain Baseden 'beiz.dan

'ber-, 'baer-

,ber.ou.in'f3^:-, ,baer-

Barry

Basan

'baseball ,bat; baseball .cap

.baer.au.in'f3:.nis, -nes, -nas

®

-'sol-

ba'sDil.tik, -'sail-

baseball

Barrow-in-Furness

'ber-, 'baer-

®

,

at la:

-s -z

'ber-, 'basr- -ies -iz

®

48

.

(B) 'baer.au

baronial ba'rau.ni.al baron|y 'baer.^nl.i

®

st

-s -z

'baer- -es -iz

barre

.

.ber.a'stir.i-, ,baer'baer.

baronetagje

® ®

i

.basr.i'stia.ri.al

'baer. ^n. at, -it, -et,

-s -s

® ®

.

.ber.a.sta^z.at'la:, ,baer-, -'b:

baronet

basaltic ba'soil.tik,

bascule

.ber.a.sta^.at'la:, ,baer-, -'b:

(B) 'baer.^n.es, -is, -as;

jbaer.^n'es

-ing

'ber.i.sta^,

'baer- -s -z

barrister-at-law ,baer.I.sta^^t'b:

-es-iz

-net-

'bair.i.ou, 'ber-,

'baer- -s -z

.baes.kin'rob.inz

basmati - Bayswater ismati ba'smai.ti, baes'ma:-, baz-,

jsmi(t)zvah

®

@

ba'sui.tu:, -'sau.tau

(B) baesk, ba:sk

-ses -ziz

bathmat

® baesk

-s -s

®

ass in music: beis -es

,bass

-iz

clari net; ,bass clef; ,bass ,bass guitar

drum;

assenthwaite 'baes.'n.Gweit asset 'baes.it ®-3t -s-s basset ,hom; basset hound

®

baes'tea""

'baes.it

®

assinet(te)

'baeG.3ist, -ast, -haist,

baet'iik; 'baet.ik

Batley

>assoon ba'suin

lasswood

-s -z -ist/s -ist/s

'baes.ta^d -s -z -y

military: 'baet I. man

®

bats -ir)

-ed -d >astille (B) baes'tiil -s -z ,baes.ti'na:.dau, -'nei-z

-ing

'baes. ti. an

-ir)

®

-ed -d

®

iasuto ba'su:.tau, -'zu:-tou -s -z iasutoland ba'sui.tau.laend, -'zu:-

® -toulat baet -s

-s

-ting

®

-ir)

'baet.ir)

®

Sa'taan ba'tain -'taen, 3atavia ba'tei.vi.a

-ted

-'tain

® Battambang 'baet.am.baeg ® battels ®

®

boin

® baik, baik Baum US name:Jbo:m ® baim, baim German name: baum bauxite ® -an/s Bavarija ® -an/z bawbee ® -ry bawd baid ® baid, baid Bawden 'bai.d^n ® -ing

boik, bailk -ed -t

-s -s

-ig

'baik-, 'baik-'ver.i-

bai'bii, '-

'bai.bii, 'bai-,

-'--s -z

'-jan

'baet-

'baet-

batten (B) 'baet ^n -s -z -ing-ig -ed-d Battenberg 'baet.'n.bsig, -^m-^n.ba^ig Battenberg ,cake 'baetl.a""

®

-a^z -ering - ^r

.

-ers -az -a^d ig -ered -ad 'baetl.a^

®

Battersby 'baet.az.bi® 'baet.a^zBattersea 'baet. a. si 'baet.a^batter|y

-ri

®-i.3^-iest-i.ist, -i.ast -ily-i.li,-^I.i

-iness - i.nas,-i.nis'bawdy, house bail, bail -s -z -ing -ig bail

®

bawl

'baet.^rl.i

® ® ®

(n.) 'baet.ig

®

-a^/z

baeks

Baxandall

'baek.s'n.dail

®

-doil,

'baet- -ies -iz

'baet.ir) 'bat-

®

'baek-sta""

-sta^

(B) bei -s -z -ing -ig -ed -d bay ,leaf; ,Bay of 'Pigs; bay ,tree; ,bay

bay

window bayard (B)/iorse.beiad®beia^d-s-z -aird Bayard surname: 'bei.aid Bayard airship: 'bei.aid, -'-; beiad

®

®

beia^d; 'bei.aird -s -z

® bei- ®

-,berbayberrjy 'bei.b^rl .i Bayer" 'bei.a'' -a^, ber

-ies -iz

®

'bei.jui, Bayeux bai'jai, sams shift, British only: see

'bal-

compound: ,Bayeux 'Tapestry

Bayley

'bei.li

Bayliss 'bei.hs

Baylor 'bei.lp"^ Bayly 'bei.li

®

-la^

Baynes bemz

,

-^1.3^

'baet.i.Jil, -J^l

battl|e (B)

'baet

.

®

^1

®

'baet-

'baet- -es -z

-ing

-ed-d -er/s-aVz, '-laVz '-^1.3^/z, '-la^/z battle ,cry; ,Battle of Britain; ,battle royal; battle stations battleaxje, battic-ax baet .^l.aeks

®

'beit.man

Battishill

-ig, 'baet. hg

bat|e (B) belt -es -s -ing -ir) 'bei.tid 'bei.tir) -ed -id

®

-s -z

Bates belts

Baynham

'bei.

nam

®

Baynton

'bein.tan

bayonejt

'bei.a.nalt, -nilt, -nelt;

,bei.a'nelt

® ®

-t(t)ing -tig

®

-t'n

,bei.a'nelt,

'

—

ts -ts

-tig -t(t)ed -tid

-tid

,

Bateson 'beit.s^n Batey 'bei.ti® -ti

®

ba|th (B) (n.)bai IG® baelG-ths -dz ,Bath bun, Bath ,bun; ,bath chair;

bath ,cube; bath ,mat; bath

,

salts;

Bath stone; ,Bath 'Oliver bath (i;. ) ba iG® baeG -s -s -ing -ir) -ed -t bath |e be 6 -es -z -ing -ir) -ed -d bath,

1

ba'tael.i.an, '-jan

'baet.^lz

battjer

® bou'dwain

Baughan bain bain, Bauhaus 'bau.haus

Baxter

-men -man

ting .average; batting order

Batchelar, Batchelor 'baet;.3l.a%

Bateman

'baetsl.man

'battery ,acid

baet J -es -iz

® ®

-dail

-s -z

batting

'baet.boi -s -z

®

-s -z

baets

batsjman

® ®

.bou.da'ler, ,boud'ler

Bax

'battering, ram

'baet. id

-Llaf®

man

.

'-tjan, '-ti.an

-ed -d

®

Baudouin 'bau.dwaen Bauer baua"^ baua^ Baugh bai bai, boi

-ed -d -er/s -aVz

battalion

»ast|e beist -es -s -ing -ig -ed -id

® -dou -es

'baet.

®

>astardiz|e, -is|e 'bai.sta.daiz, 'baes.ta^- -es -iz -ing 'baes.ta-

lastinado

-men

Batman" 'baet.maen ba'tain baton 'baet .on; -^n Baton Rouge ,baet.^n'rui3

-i

® ®

'bai-, 'bai Baucis 'bai. SIS Baudelaire 'b^u.da.lea^ ,-'-

bawdjy 'bai.dii® 'bai-, 'ba^-ier-i.a""

'baet.li

-s -z

lastable 'baes.ta.b'l •astard 'ba:.stad, 'baes. tad

'baet-

Batumi bai'tui.mi batwing 'baet. wig .batwing 'sleeve 'bai-, 'bai- -s -z bauble 'bai.b^l

-s -z

batman oriental weight:

'baes.wud

'baet- -ier -i.a^

'bai-, 'bai-

-man

•ast (B) baest

3atboy

ba'tiik;

baet'iist, ba'tiist

bat|man

-i -i:

-id®

®

'baet- -s -s

-i.ist, -i.ast

ba'vea.ril .a

'baet.ik

batiste

-s -s

'baet.i

® ®

'baik.sait

'baeG.a^ist, -h^ist

batik

'baes.iij.bDin

Battye

®

'baet.^l.Jip

baet'ui, -'jui -s -z

batt|y 'baet.li ®-i.a^-iest

baulk

-s -z

bathyscaphe 'baeG.i.skaef -s -s bathysphere 'baeG. I. sfia'^®-sfir-s-z

'ass|o 'baesl.au® -ou, 'bai.slou

aatch

® 'baeG.ruim, -rum ®

®

-at

® -bairn assist 'bei.sist

-s -z

'baiG.rum, -ruim

'bai.G3ist, -Gast, 'baiG.haist

.baes.i'net, -a'- -s -s

assingbourne

-s -z

Bathurst

-'ter

'baes.i

>astion

-es -iz

Bathsheba 'baeG.Ji.ba; baeG'Jii'baeG- -s -z bathtub 'bciG.tAb

,

asseterre

®

'-a- -s -s

'-a- -s -s

'baeG.ao.liG

bathroom

assaniob3'sa:.ni.3u,baes'a:-^ -s

-z

^

Belorussija

®

-'lit-

-es -z

Belize ba'liiz, bel'iiz bell(B)bel-s-z-ing-ig-ed-d'beU.jar; bell .pepper; beU .tent; beU .tower 'bel.a

belladonna .bel.a'don.a Bellamy 'bel. a. mi

® -'dai.na

^

Belper Belsen

'bel.

.bel.ei'pok

®

Belle Isle .bel'ail Bellerophonba'ler.a.fan,bi-®-fan,

®

-zi ,

-pa^ n

Jam

'bel.Joi

Belshazzar

®

-Jai, -Joi •

bel'J'aez.a''® -a^

Belsize 'bel.saiz 'bel.stid, -sted

I

®

'bel .tig belt (B) belt -s -s -ing/s -ig/z -ed-id® 'bel. tidbe.lowthe belt

'bel.t1n.d3am

'bel. tan

beltway

'belt.wei -s -z

Beiuchistan -'paik

®

'bel.s^n

Belsham Belshaw

Belton

'bel.bai -s -z

-'lou

.bel.pai'ei.zei, -zi

'bel. pa''

Beltingham

-s-z -ed-d

®

bi'lau, ba-

Belstead

a'bel.a. triks,ba'lei-® 'bel.

bell-bottom'bel,bDt.am®-.bai.tam

ba'lui.tji. stain, bi-,

-staen; ba.lui.t/i'stain, ba-, -ki'-,

-'staen

beluga ba'lui.ga, bi'-, bel'ui- -s -/ belvedere (8) 'bel.va.dIa^ -vi-,

,-

-fain

belles lettres

Bellevue

-an/s -an/z

^

Bel Paese

epoque

-ou'-, -a'-

bi'lAV.id, ba-, -'lAvd

belittl|e bi'ht.^1, ba-® -ing-ig, -'lit.lig -ed -d

belle

.bel.aa'rAj'l.a, .bjel-,

beloved used predicatively: bi'Uvd,

below

Bellatrix

®

.bel'let .ra

bel'vjui, '-

,

-ing -ig -ed -d

Belishaba'hi.Ja,bi-Be,lisha 'beacon

Bella

ba-®-'laig, -'b:g

ba- used attributively or as a noun:

.belleofthe'ball

in Scotland:

-s -z

bi'log,

-'rui.sil-

bel le (B) bel -s -z .Southern belle;

bii.ig -s -z

Beira 'bai.ra® 'beiBeirut bei'ruit Beit bait Beith surname: biiG place bird

.

,

bellboy

bei'rfsiri

Bejam^ 'bii.dsaem bejan 'bii.ds'n -s -z

'bel.faest,

'

'bel. ig. haem

-s -z

believ|e bi'Uiv, ba- -es

®

beholden bi'haul.d^n, ba- (3) -'houlbehoof bi'huif, babehoovje bi'huiv, ba- -es -z -ing -ir)

being

'--

Northumberland:

,

-'hould -s -z bi'hauld, ba-ing -ir) beheld bi'held, babeholder/s bi'haol.da''/z, ba-

Beijing

bel'faist,

-ied -aid

Behn ben

behovje

in

®

-s

Belgic 'bel.dsik

Belial

bi.haind.da'siinz (SD ba- stress shift: .behind-the-scenes 'tour

behold

ingham

bell-push 'bel.puj" -es bellringer 'bel, rig. a*^

'bel.frii -ies -iz

Belgravia

bi'haind. haend, ba-

I

'bel.1n.d3am surname: 'bel.1n.d3am, -ig.am, -haem in the US: London: bel ig am

-gla^

British only: .Belgrave 'Square

-s

-s

behind-the-scenes

Behrman

'bel.am.nait -s

^

-ly-li

Bel

bellow

'-- stress shift, bel'greid British only: .Belgrade 'streets

-ir)

i

Bellot 'bel.au

-s -z

® ®

Belgrade

-ed -id

behindhand

Belfast

Belgium

ba- -ist/s -ist/s

beheld (/rom behold)

-fja^

bI'liI.gla^ ba-

Belgian 'bel.dsan

bi'hei.vj^rl.i.z'm,

bi'hed, ba- -s -z -ing

®

dam

ba'lem, bel'em

belemnite

-vja^i.al

behemoth

Belem

belfr|y

behavio(u)r|ism

'bel.

®

®

behavio(u)ral

-3>-/z

-a^z -ering -'r.ig -ered -ers -az -a^/z -a^d -erer/s -aVz -ad

-s -z

behead

-li

ba'lids.'r. anils, bi'-

ba'lids.'r.ant, bi- -s -s

'

'bel.ijaf

beleagujer

-'haef

behavio(u)r bI'heI.vja^ ba-

®

-er/s -aVz

beldam(e)

-ed-d

(05)

-tid -ly

bi'lei.tid,

Belcher -s -z

begun

behavje

® ba- ®

bi'laes.kau,

®

-ed -d

beguine

-rusian -rujan -kou ba-

-i.ti

-si

belligerent

belay bi'lei, ba- -s -z -ing -ig -ed -d bel canto .bel'kaen.tau -too belch (B) beltj -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -t

-ed -d

-ir)/li

-cy

.bel.a'ruis, ,bjel-

'

-a'kai.sa.ti

belligeren|ce

-ed -d

bi'lea.ri.as, ba-, -'lai-

-ness -nas, -nis

begrudg|e beguilje

-ir)

-ba^

-'ler.i-

Belasco belated

-ir)

®

bI'leI.ba^ ba-

-ruis.jan, -rus.i.an,

-ed-d -IT)

-ing

Belarus

-'gai.t^n

begrim|e bi'graim, ba-

® ®

-s -z

Belarius

begorra bi'gor.s, ba-'goir.a begot (from beget) bi'got, ba-

'bel.jui

bellhop, 'bel. hop -haip -s -s bellicose 'bel.i.kaus, '-a-, -kauz -kous -ly -li bellicosity .bel.i'kos.a.ti,

-(l)ed -d

bel bel -s -z

begonia

(© -'gait -ten -^n

bi'dsui.al -s -z -(l)ing -ig

belabo{u)r

® -'gain

Bellew

®

-zas

®

'bel.vjui

'bel.va.dir,

Belvoir

'biLva"^

,--'-

®

'-

-s -z

-va>^

52 I

bema t

ma

'bi:.m3 -s -z -ta -ta

Bmbridge

®

Benet US

-ta

bs-

® -'moun

®

emusje

bi'mjuiz, ba- -es -iz -ing

-ir)

-ed -d -ement -mant

-ja-

enbow'ben.bau, 'bem-® 'ben. boo

ench ben/J -es -iz encher 'ben. fja"^ enchley 'benfj.li

®

enchmark -ing

-8 -s

-fja^ -s -z

'benfj.maik

® -moirk

-ir)

end bend

-ing -ir) -ed -id bent bent bendable ben.da.b'l .round -s -z

endall

'ben.d^l, -da:l

®

-d^l, -dail,

-da:l

tender

®

(B) 'ben.da"^

®

®

,ber).g^ri:z, ,ben-, -go:'-

-ga'liiz, -'li:s

®

®

>eneath

-i.a^

®

'enedicite -tja-, -tei

.ben.i'dai.si.ti, -'di:.t/i-,

®

-a'dis.a.ti,

,bei.nerdi:.tj"i:.tei -s -z

tenedick 'ben.i.dik, '-a- -s -s lenedict 'ben.i.dikt, '-atenedictine liqueur: .ben.i'dik.tiin, -a'- -s -z

lenedictine monk: ,ben.i'dik.tin, -a'-,

Iota:

-tain

®

-tin, -ti:n -s -z

Members of the Order

pronounce /-tin/. tenediction .ben.i'dik.J^n, -a'- -s -z tenedictus .ben.i'dik.tas, -a'-, -tus -es -IZ

tenefaction ,ben.i'faek.pn,

'-a-

®

,ben.a'faek-, 'ben.a.faek- -s -z

»enefactive iben.i'faek-,

'ben.i.faek.tiv, -a-;

-a'-®

'ben.a.faek-,

>enefactor 'ben.I.faek.t^^

®

-ta^ -s -z

»enefactress

-a'-®

'ben.a.faek-

eneficbi'nef.ik »enef ic|e 'ben.i.fis,

'-a-

-es -iz -ed

»enef icenjce bi'nef .i.s^nlfs, ba-t/ly

,

-tid

-ast -ly-li

-ly

.ben.i'fij.^l, -a'- -ly

-li

-li

>eneficiar|y

.ben.i'fij.^rl.i, -a'-

)ene|fit 'ben. il. fit, -fit(t)ing -fi.tig

Benin ben'iin, bi'niin, baBenlng 'ben.ig benlson 'ben.i.s'n, '-a-, -z^n

®

'-a- -fits -fits -fi.tir) -fit(t)ed

-s -z

etc.:

,ber.i'nai.si, -ki, -'nii.tjei .ber.i'nii.tji

,ber.a'ni:s,

opera by

modern name:

-i'-

'ber.'ni.san

®

®

®

'bai.ga.mot, -mat 'b3^:.ga.ma:t -s -s 'bsi.gan, 'bea-

®

Berger English surname:

® ba'ni:.tou

® ®

'b3^:.d3a^

'b3^:-

'bsi.dsa"^

US surname:

'bai.ga''

Benjamin 'ben.d3a.m1n, -man Benjamite 'ben.d3a.ma1t -s -s Bennben

Bergerac'b3:.3a.raek®,b3^:.3a'raek,

Bennet(t)

Bergkamp

'ben. it

® ®

'baig.man

® berg'sou-,

Bering -s

-ite/s

-t '--

'bent.li -s -z

'ben. tan

'bent.wud

benumb bi'nAm, ba- -s -z -ing -iq Benvolio ben'vau. li.au

®

®

'bs^ig-,

'ba^ig-

'bs^ig-

b3>^:g-

beribbonedbi'rib.^nd, baberiberi .ber.i'ber.i

benthic 'beni.eik Bentlnck 'ben.tigk

Benton

'bsig.kaemp

Bergson 'baig.san 'berg-, Bergsonlan baig'sau.ni.an

'ben.tam, 'benf.Gam

Bentlneben'tiin,

-'roik

Bergman

'benz.li

® 'beni.Gam -ism -i.z^m

'b3^:.ga^

-kaimp

Bennette ben'et, ba'net Ben Nevis ,ben'nev.is Bennington ben. ig. tan

-'vou.li.ou

Jenet'ben.it

benzolc ben'zau.ik

Benelux 'ben.i.lAks ienenden 'ben. an. dan

m ancient Egypt,

Berenice

Bergen

Benls(s)on 'ben.i.s^n, -aBenito ben'ii.tau, ba'ni:-

Jene't 'ben. it

-fi.tid

.ber.^g'gea.ri.a, -ig'-,

bergamot

Benz benz, bents Benzedrine 'ben.zi.driin, -za-, -drin benzene, benzine 'ben.ziin, -'benzoate 'ben.zau.eit -zou-

-fi.tid®

-s

-'ger.i-

®

-ed -d

-ies -iz

ba- -s

Beresford 'ber. is. fad, -iz-fa^d beret 'ber.ei, -i ba'rei -s -z berg (B) b3:g, beag b3^:g -s -z

bi'nig.na.ti, ba-, -ni-

bentwood

-ness -nas, -nis

®

Handel:

bi'nig.nanf.si, ba-

-na.ti

Bentley

-t/li

Jenef icial

®

-er)'-

-ait/s

-es -IZ

-z

benignity

Bentham

'ben.i.faek.tras, '-a-,

-tris; ,ben.i'faek-,

bi'nai.tid, ba-

Benson 'beni.s^n Benstead 'beni.stid, -sted bent (B) (from bend) bent -s

'-a-

bi-

Berenson

Bensley

.ben.a'faek-

bi'riiv,

-ing-ig -ed -d»

Berengarla

Benny 'ben.i Bensham 'benf.Jam

-a'-

'ba^i.ba^ -s -z

Benlgnlba'ni:.ni

®

bi'ni:6, ba-

-'rei.tir)

-'rei.tid

bereft bi'reft, ba-

benignantbi'nig.nant, ba-iest

-i.a^

-iness -i.nas, -i.nis

-i.ist, -i.ast

®

bereavement bi'riiv.mant,

benignbi'nain, ba--est-ist

benignancy

-'rei.tig

ba'rii.a, bi-

ber)-,

-'ha^:

'ben.i.daim,

® -dairm

-s

-rates -'reits

-'ssiz

'ben. am

Ben-Hur ben'ha:"^

ba- -s

-rated ® Berber ® berceuse bea's3:z ® ber'suz, Bere bia"^® bir Berea ® babereav|e -es ba- ® -rating

'bai.ba"^

,ben.gur'ja:n

-'gur.i-,

benighted

^end|y 'ben.dii -ier

-z

Benghazi ber)'ga:.zi, benBen-Gurion ben'gua.ri.an, -'gur.i-

'bi:-

bil'reit, ba-, bi-

-'rei.tid

Bengali beo'gDi.li, ben- -s Bengasi ber)'ga:.zi, benBenge bends

-za-

-z^l

bequea|thbrkwi:ld,ba-,-'kwi:l0 -ths-dz, -Gs -thing -dir) -thed-dd, -Gt

bejratc

>endroflumethiazide

® -droo-

-'go:l;

bequest bi'kwest,

tendix' 'ben.diks ,ben.drau,flu:.mi'9ai.a.zaid

'bei.ao.wulf,

'berj.g^l, 'ben- stress shift, British

Benldorm -da^ -s -z

Beowulf

only: .Bengal 'tiger

Benham

the 'bend

-li

® 'beia.wulf

,ber)'go:l, ,ben-

Bengalese

®

®

'ben.fli:t

,bi:'end3

Bengal

ba'na:r.i:z

®

benzol 'ben.zol -za:l benzoilne 'ben.zau.li:n benzyl 'ben.zil -zi:.al,

-ton

'-a-,

benevolence bi'nev.^l.anfs, babenevolent bi'nev.^l.ant, bi- -ly

BEng

bi'nai.riz, ba-, ben'a:-

® enbecula ben'bek.ju.la, bem-, ® ben-

'ben.i.t^n,

-a.tan, -ta:n

Benfleet

en ben enares

- Berks.

benzoin 'ben.zau.in, -'~® 'ben.zou-, ben'zou-

Benetton'

-ing-io -ed -d

-s -z

®

ba'nei,

ben'ei

'bem.brids

tmoan bi'msun,

surname: ben'ei

® ® -'zou-

'bea. rig,

'ber-®

ing 'Strait Berlo 'ber.i.au -ou Berlsford 'ber. is. fad

®

'ber.ig .Ber-

® ®

-fa-d

berk b3:k®b3-:k-s -z Berkeleian ba:k'li:.an 'ba^i.kli.an Berkeley in England: 'bai.kli

® ® berkellum ®

'ba:r-, 'ba^:- in

US:

'bsi.kli

'b3^:-

b3:'ki:.li.am

'b3^:.kli.am, b3^:'kli:.am

Berkhamsted, Berkhampstead 'bsi.kamp.stid, -sted® 'b3>-:Note: The usual British pronunciation is /'b3i-/, but the form /'ba:-/ is used

by some residents. Berkley 'bai.kli 'ba^:Berkoff 'bsi.kof 'b3-:.ka:f

® ® Berks, (abbrev.for Berkshire) boiks, 'ba:k.Ja^ Jia^ ® -

b3-:ks; 'ba^ik.Ja^,

-Jir

53

Berkshire - betwixt Berkshire 'ba:k.J^^

®

-

'ba^ik.Ja^,

-

®

Jia*^

Berlin in Germany: h3:'hn(^h3^:stress shift, British only, see

compound: .Berlin Wall Berlin surname: 'b3:.lin, -'- (® 'bs^:-, -'- town in US: 'bsi.lin 'ba^:Berliner bsi'lin.af hang baer) thangra 'basrj-gra, hindi bin.di

,bu:.ta'ni:z

H- bai

Words containing bi-

normally take secondary stress, but sometimes primary stress, on the first syllable, e.g. bimetallic /,bai.met'ael.ik/, British English bicarb /'bai.kaib/, or primary stress on the second syllable, e.g.

®

iianca

bi'aerj.ka

®

bai'sen.t^n.erl.i; (bai.sen'ten.^r- -ies -iz ,bai.sen'ten.i.al, -san'-

-s -s

-ing

-ir)

-ed

®

-t

'bai,fou-, ,-'-

bifurjcate 'bai.fa.keit, -f3:-®-f3^-cates -keits -eating -kei.tir) -kei.tir) -cated -kei.tid

® ® -kei.tid bifurcation ®

,bai.fa'kei.J^n, -fa:'-

-fa^'- -s -z

®

-a"^ -a^ -gest -ist, -ast -ness-nas, -nis ,Big Apple; ,Big Bang; ,Big Ben; ,big business; ,Big Dipper; ,big game; ,big screen; ,big wheel; ,hit the big ,time

'big. a. mist -s -s

'big. a. mas -ly -li bigamjy 'big.a.mli -ies -iz Bigelow 'big.^l.au, -i.lau

® -a.lou

Bigfoot 'big.fut Bigge big biggie big.i Biggin 'big. in biggish 'big.i/ Biggies 'big>lz

Bicester

'bis.ta^

®

'big.^lz.weid

Biggs bigz -ta-

biggjy

'bigl.i -ies -iz

bichloride, bai'kb:. raid® -'kb:r. aid

Bigham

bichromate

bighead 'big.hed -s -z bigheaded ,big'hed.id, -ad®

,bai'krau.meit, -met,

® -'kroubickjei ® -ers -az ® -ering/s -ered -ad ® -erer/s -^r.aVz ® -mit

'bikl .a'

-a^

-^r.ig/z

-a^z

-a^d

-a^.a^/z

®

® -'kou-

'big.

'-a^-

am

-ness -nas, -nis stress .bigheaded 'bully

-ly

-li

bighorn

Bickerstaff(e)'bik.a.sta:f®-a-.staef

®

-'aer)-, -'a:r)-

®

biff bif

Biggleswade 'bai.seps

Bicknell 'bik.n^I bicoastai bai'kau.st^l

-'ael.a-

Bielefeld 'bii.la.felt, -feld biennial bai'en.i.al -ly -i bier bia'^® bir -s -z Bierce bias birs

'

bi'a:.la.sta:k,

bi'ael.i.stok; '-a-;

.bii.a'lis.tok

-eit , -it

Bickersteth 'bik.a.steG, -stiG® Bickerton 'bik.a.t^n® '-a^Bickford 'bik.fad -fa^d bickie 'bik.i -s -z Bickleigh, Bickley 'bik.li

/bai'aeG.liit/.

tiafrja bi'aef.ria, bai'- -an/s -an/z

}ialystok

,

-s -z

® 'bui.tou

ibai.daia'lek.t^l.i.z^m

bigamist

®-'ka:r--s-sbi, carbonate of soda bice bais Bice 'bii.tji; bais bicentenarjy .bai.sen'tii.n^rl.i,

biceps

-z

bigamous

® bai'kairb

bicarbonate ,bai 'ka: .b^n. at

bicentennial

-'taen

thutto 'bu:.tau, 'but.au

biathlete

-ism

.bai'kaem.^r.^l

-s^n'-, -'ten.^r'ba:r)-

® bou-

lote: Prefix.

-a-,

-i.z'm

bicarb 'bai.ka:b

®

Bidwell 'bid.wel

big big -ger

®

'bib.li.aa.fail

Bic* bik

tezique bi'ziik, baIFPO ,bi:.ef.pi:'au

thutanese

,bib.li.aa'mei.ni.aek

-a'-, -ou'- -s -s

bicameral

(hopal bau'pail thutan bu:'ta:n,

-zf-lz

bibulous 'bib. ja. las, -ju-®-ja--ly-li

E^ziers 'bez.i.ei

thagwan

-'a:.la-

-ou- -s -z

•ezel 'bez.^l -s -z

thagavad-Gita

®

-a'-, -ou'-

bibliophile

-z -ing -ig -ed -id

-s -z

.bib.li.ao'mei.ni.a

bibliomaniac

leyrout(h) bei'ruit tezant 'bez.^nt -s -s

,bAg-, -vaed'-

® ®

-a7z

.bib.li'ol.a.tlri

®

bid|e (B) baid -es

Biffen 'bif.in, -an bifocal bai'fau.k^l

-a^/z

bibliomania

®

or

.bib.li'og.ra.fli

-'ai.gra- -ies -iz -er/s

lexleyheath ,bek.sirhi:6

®

-a'-/,

/,bib.li'Dg.ra.fi®-'a:.gra-/.

iexley 'bek.sli

'eynon 'bai.nan, 'beileyonce bi'onf.sei, beileyond bi'ond -';a:nd

bibliomania

secondary stress on the first syllable, with primary stress occurring on the third syllable, e.g. bibliography

bibliolat|ry -er/s -aVz

!ey bei -s -z

®

-^'If

bidialectalisrrw

first syllable, e.g.

®

bid.Alf,

(B) 'bidt.i -ies -iz

bidialectal ,bai.daia'lek.t^i

bib.li.ou, -a; ,bib.li'a:-

/.bib.li.ao'mei.ni.a

-a^ -s -z

bid.^l

®

-^l.i, -li

,bib.li'D

/'bib.li.ao.fail

® ®

,

Bideford 'bid.i.fad -fa^d Biden 'bai.d^n bi'dei, bi:- -s bidet 'bii.dei

'bai.b^ln,baej.ig

biblicjal 'bib.li.kl'l -ally

®

®

Biddulph

Note: Prefix. Normally takes either primary or secondary stress on the

ewick(e)

ewitch

Bible-bashing

-s -s

bid bid -s -z -ding-ir) -der/s-a7z -a^/z bade baed be id bidden

bidd|y

Bible ,Belt

'bai.b'libaej.a"^® -a^

biblio- bib.li.au;

bi'/iwis.kad, bs-

® -ka^d

-ers -3Z -ered -ad

-a. lou,

-s -z

-iz

bicyclist 'bai.si.klist, -sa-

®

'bai.b^l -s -z

-^Iz

-led -^Id

-III)

Biddle

®

-^1. au

'bii.blou -s -z

Bible

'bev.is

'hi:. VIS,

-ling

biddable 'bid.a.b^l bidder (B) 'bid.a"^

'bib.i

'bib.lau,

-s -z

bicycjle 'bai.si.ki'l, -sa- -les

'bid. an

-s -z

bibelot

Bvv|y

'—

,bi:.a'rits,

biaxial bai'aek.si.al

eves

Bvin 'bev.in

®

biathlete bai'aeG.liit -s -s biathlon bai 'aeG. Ian, -Ion® -la:n-s-z biaxal bai'aek.s^l

Bibby

Bvis

,bia'rits, '-

bicuspid bai'kAs.pid

-li

bai as -(s)es - 1 z -(s)ing -i o -(s)ed -t

HUls 'bii.vis

bai'aen.ju.al -s -z -ly

bight -ed

'big.

bait -s

-id®

-s -z

'bai. tig

'big.li:g

'big.lau

® -lou

Bignell 'big.n^l big|ot 'bigl.at -ots

®

® -hairn ®

-ing -ig

'bai.tid

big-league

Biglow

ham

-s

'-,-

shift:

-ats -oted -a.tid

-a.tid

bigotrjy

'big.a.trii -ies -iz

55

;

bigraph - biodegradab|le

Bilabial both of the

Bilabial articulations involve

lips.

pan

/paen/

ban

/baen/

man

/maen/

Examples for English and /m/ are examples of bilabial sounds.

In English, /p//b/

These are (/w/

all

also

is

lip

made with a complete closure of the lips,

sometimes

has tongue to

The plosives /p/ and fbl are one of the

referred to as bilabial, but, as

movement towards the velum

rounding, it

in

rather than voiceless

it

which are said to respectively,

and voiced.

addition

more accurately described

is

pairs

be distinguished by being fortis and lenis

as

'labial-velar!), e.g:

® -fould ®

bindweed

bigraph 'bai.gra:f,-graefiology barDl.a.d3i

>iome 'bai.aum

birdwatchjing

®

-s -s -al -^1

jiometrybarDni.a.tri,'-i-®-'a:.ma-

3iophysicist

'bsid.sog

® ®

.bai.aa'fiz.i.sist, -ou'-

'bsid.wotjl.ir)

biopsjy 'bai.op.sli

® ®

-oo'-

bireme

-'-

'bai.ri:m,

biretta bi'ret .a biriani

®

®

.

® -skoup

'bs^:-, -gi:t

'b3:.bek, 'bsik-

'b3^:-, 'bs^^ik- college in

®

London:

®

® ,b3^:.k^n'hed, Birkenstocks^ 'bsi.k'n.stoks stalks ® Birkett ® Birkin ® Birley ® Birling ® Birminghamp/acem UK: places 'bsi.mirj.am ® 'bsi.miQ.haem ® Birnam 'b3:.nam ® Birney ® Biro 'baia.rau ® 'bai.rou

-s

® -ou,bai.aa.tek'nDl.a.d3i ®

'bsi.kit

'bsi.kin

'bsi.h

biotech 'bai.ao.tek

'bsi.lir)

biotechnology

'ba^i-

'bs^i-

'bs^i-

'bs^:-

in US:

'b3>^:-

-ou.tek'na:.la-

,bai.ao'ter.'r.i.z'm

'b3^:-

'bsM-

-ou,-

biotope 'bai.aataup biparous 'bip.'r.as

® -toup

-s -s

bai'pai.ti.zaen;

® bai'pair.ta.zan

-s -z

Biron

'bai.ran

Lost'.

® bai'pair-

stress shift: .bipartite 'treaty

'bai.ped -s -z

'bs^:-

Note: /bi'ruin/ in 'Love's Labour's

,bai.pa:.ti'zaen, -zan

bipartite bai'pa:.tait

'bsi.ni

'

birr bs:"^

®

®

Birrell'bir.^l

birrotch

'b3^:9-

® ® ®

bis bis

Biscay

biscuit .barrel

'bis. kit -s -s

®

bisect bai'sekt -ing

.Bay of 'Biscay

'bis.kei, -ki

biscuit

-If)

'bai.sekt,

-'-

-s -s

-ed -id

bisection bai'sek.J'n -s -z bisector bai'sek.taf -ta^ -s -z bisexual bai'sek.Jual, -Ju.al, -sjual, -sju.al® -Ju.al bisexuality bai.sek.Ju'ael.i.ti, -sju'ael-, -a.ti

bishop

®

-Ju'ael.a.ti

(B) 'bij.ap -s -s

bishopric

'bij.a.prik -s -s

Bishopsgate

'bij.aps.geit, -git

Bishop's Stortford .bi/.aps'stoit.fad, -'sta:-

® Bishopstoke 'bij.ap.stauk ® -stouk -'stoirt.fa^d, -'stair-

Bishopston 'bij.ap.stan Bishopton 'bij.ap.tan Bisley

'biz.li -s -z

Bismarck 'biz.maik bismuth 'biz.ma9 bison 'bai.s'n -s -z

Bispham swrnamg;

'bai.rotj"

® -mairk

'bis.fam,

'bis.pam place: 'bis.pam

Bissau

'bis.au,

-'-

® bisk ® bi'sau

-s -s

Bissell bis.'l Bissett'bis.it, 'biz-

bissextilebi'sek. stall

®

-st'l, -stail

-s -z

bister

'bis. ta'^®-ta^

Bisto' 'bis.tau® -tou bistour|y 'bis.t'ri.i -ies -iz bistre 'bis.ta"^® -ta^ bistro, bistrot 'bii.strau, bis-

® -strou

-s -z

bisulph|atebai'sAl.fleit,

®-fleit

-flit, -flat

-ite -ait

-s .bits and pieces; take the .bit between one's teeth bitch bitj -es -iz -ing -ir) -ed -d bitchjy 'bitJI.i -iness -i.nas, -i.nis

bitbit -s

-ier -i.a''® ba^:

'bs^i.aitj

®

birthrate 'b3:9.reit 'b3^:9- -s -s birthright 'b3:9.rait 'b3^:9- -s -s Birtwistle 'b3:.twi.s'l 'b3^:biryani ,bir.i'a:^ni -s -z

bisque biisk, bisk

'b3^:k-

Birkenau 'b3:.k3n.au 'bs^:Birkenhead bsi.k'n'hed, -

'ba^i.k'n.

-s

biosphere'bai.aasfia'^®-a.sfir-s-z

bioterrorism

-s -z

'

-ou,-

-s -z

bai au. skaup

® bai'riim ®

-'ret- -s -z

,bir.i'a:.ni -s -z

'b3:k.bek

-s

-a:p- -ies -iz

'bai.ac»,rid.^m

®

-er/s -aVz

-3^/z

Birkbeck surname.-

-s -s

®

'by:d.sa:r),

'bs'-id.wai.tj'lir), -,wd:-

Birgit 'bsi.git, 'bia-

-'ai.nik -s -s

3iophysic|s ,bai.au'fiz.ikls -al-n oiopic 'bai.au. pik -ou- -s

®

-soir)

-'a:.la-

>iomedical,bai.au'med.i.k'l®-ou'>iometric .bai.aa'met.rik -ou'-

lionicbai'on.ik®

-ing -10 -ed -id .bird's nest 'soup

-s -s

birdsong

®

®

-d -d

® birdiime 'b3:d.laim ® birdseed ® bird's-eye(n, .bird's-eye 'view ® Birds Eye' ® 'by:dzbird's-nest 'b3:dz.nest ® birdlike 'bsid.laik

birthmark 'b3:9.ma:k

-es -IZ

® 'b^itj-

®

ing .center birthday'b3:9.dei,-di® 'b3^:9.dei -s-z birthday .cake; birthday .card; birthday .party; birthday .present; in one's birthday .suit 'by:0.ma:rk -s -s birthplacje 'b3:6.pleis

'ba^i.tja^

'bsitj.wud

'bs^i.stoil, -stail

'b3^:-

adj.) 'bsidz.ai

,-ou-

iologic ,bai.a'lDd3.ik

bipartisan

®

'ba^id-

-ies -iz

liolinguistics ,bai.au.lir)'gwis.tiks

'

'b3^:.t;a:l,

-ses -ziz

,bai.3c»'graef .ik

lographjy bai'og.ra.f

bioscope

®

'b3:.tJ"i.nAf

'bai.tja'

birdhoujse

bolink 'bnb.a.liok (® 'bai.bs- -s >bsled 'bob. sled 'ba:b- -s -z -ding-iQ -ded -id absleigh 'bob.slei 'ba:b- -s -z

'bod.i

bi'au.Jla, -Jil.a

Boethius

®

® 'bou® ® ® bou-

'bao.io

Boeotija

-an/s -an/z

>bo Dioulasso

boisterous

Boeing

Boer bau^^

-s -s

.bau.bau.dju'laes.au .bou.boo.dju'laes.ou

®

'bai.di.wyik

-s

,bDl.a'neiz

-'njei.zei

if Italian:

.bou.la'ni:z, -'nji:z I.

'-a-

-s -z

.bai.pa'tor), -paet'orj

'bai.pa.ta:!), -ta:r)

Bois bais, bwa: Boise 'boi.zi, 'boi.si

-'lou-

'bol.Ja.vik, -Ji-

'boul-, 'ba:l- -s -s

Bolshev|ist

'bol.Ja.vlist, -Ji-

61

— bolshie - boondogglje

®

®

® 'bouljoi,

-s -z

'bail- -ies-z

-ier-i.3''®-i.3^-iest-i.ist,-i.3St

Bolsover surname,

street in

London:

'bol.saavs'^®

'boul. sou. va^ in Derbyshire: 'baul.zau.va^; 'baul.sau-

® 'boul.zou.va^

®

-a^d

®

(B) bsult

boult -s

-s

-ing -ig

® 'boul.tid ® bolter houl bolt-hole 'bault.haul ® Bolton 'baul.t^n ® 'boul.tir)

-ed -id

,bolt 'upright

'boul.ta^ -s -z

(B) 'baul.ta"^

'boult.

-s -z

'boul-

Bolton-le-Sands,b3ul.t3n.l3'saendz, -li'-®,boul.t^n-

®

'boubolus 'bsu.bs Bolzano boU'zai.nau

-ig/z

bomb

'bom.baid

® 'ba:m.ba:rd bom'baid bombard ® ba:m'ba:rd -ing -s -z

-s -z

-ir)

-ed -id

-ment/s -msnt/s -s -z

-s -z

-si:n,

,--'-

-'l.i, -li

stress

shift, see

-s -z

-s -z

'bom.a''

-s -z

-s -s

'bAm.pss -diei

® 'baig.gou Bonham 'bon. am ® 'bai.nam Bonham-Carter .bon.am'kai.ta'' ® .bai.nam'kair.ta^ bonhomie 'bon.om.i, mi, ® .bai.na'mii, ® Boniface Bonifacio ® Bonington 'bon. tan ® 'bai.nig.tan bonk bogk ® baigk, baigk

-(e)s -z

'bongo ,drum

-mii,

'

,--'-

'bai.ni-

.bon.i'faej.i.au, -'faes-

,bou.ni'fa:.J"ou, '-Ji.ou ir).

-s -s

-ing -iQ -ed

-t

bonkbuster

®

'bair)k,bAst3^ -s -z

bonkers 'bog. kaz®'baig.ka^z, 'boig-

® .boin'mou

®

'bai.na^,

® bai'nair, boi® Bonner ® bonnjet -eted -eting ® ® Bonnett 'bon. ® ® Bonnie bonnjy 'bonl.i® 'bai.nli-ier -Last ® -^l.i

'bai.na^

'bai.nlit -ets -its

bain ® 'bon.tjaitj ® 'bain.tj3MtJ -ing bond ® baind bond 'bond .holder -ed bondage 'bon.dids ® 'bain-s -z

-ily

'bau.nau, 'bon.

bonsai

au®

'bon.sai

®

Bonsor 'bDn^sa^ -ir)

Bondi in Australia: 'bon.dai® 'bain,Bondi 'Beach 'bon.di

'bain-

bondmaid 'bond.meid® 'baind- -s -z

-za^

bonus

'bau.nas

'bui.bu: -s -z

'bui.bli -ies -iz

'booby

-yish

booby

.prize;

-za""

®

® 'bou-

bon(s) vivant{s)

® bon(s) viveur(s) ® bon voyage ® .bain.vwai'-,

'bou.nou,

'bainf.sa^,

-es -iz

.boi^.vi.'vd:/?

,bain.vi:'vaint, ,b5:,b5i/?.vi'v3:f

,bain.vii'v3^i

.boi/j.vai'ais, -vwai'-voi'-

-i.ij"

.trap

boodle (B) 'bui.d^l booger 'buI.ga^ 'bug.a"^

® 'bug.a^

'bui.ga^-s -z

boogey|man

'bug.il. maen, 'bui.gi-

-men -men boog|ie 'bui.gli®

'bugl.i, 'bui.gli

-ies -iz -ieing -i.ig -ied -id

boogie-woogie

.bui.gi'wui.gi,

'bui.gi.wui-, .bug.i'wug.i

boohoo .bui'hu: -s -z -ing -ig -ed book buk -s -s -ing -ig -ed -t -er/s -a' -(

®-3^/z book .club; book .token; .bring someone to book; in

bookable

'buk.a.b^l

bookbindjer -ers -az

®

bookcasje

'buk.bain.dla"^

®

-dia

-ing -ig

-a^z

'buk.keis -es -iz

bookend 'buk. end -s -z Booker bookie

®

'buk.a"^

-a^

buk. am

Bookham

'buk.i-s-z

book ng buk i

'

bookish 'buk bookkeepjer .

-ers -az

®

bookland

i

.

i

g -s -z 'booking

offi(

.

J -ly -li -ness -nas -ni ,

'buk.kii.pla^

-a^z

®

-pla^

-ing -ig

'buk.laend

® bookmakjer 'buk.mei.kla"^ ® -ing -ers -az ®

-,l3'

-kla^

-a^z

-ig

'bukl.man, -maen -men -man, -men bookmark 'buk.maik -mairk -s -a^/z -ing -ig -ed -t -er/s -aVz

bookmobile -mou-

® ® -ma

'buk.mao.biil

-s -z

bookplate

'buk.pleit -s -s

booksell|er'buk, sell. a'^®-a^ -ers-; ®-a^z-ing-ig 'buk.Jellf -ves -vz

bookshel|f

bookshop

'buk.Jop

bookstall

'buk. stall

-i.li,

.bain'sai, ,boun-

-s -z

-id

Bondi mathematician:

'bai.nit

'bai.ni

'bai-

-s -z

(B)

-i.tid

-iness -i.nas, -i.nis

Bono

boobjy

®

Bonn bon® bain Bonnard bon'oi""

-i.3^-iest -i.ist,

-ist/s -ist/s

'bbn.za"^ -s -z

book|man

bon(s) mot(s) ,b5:m'mau

-i.tig

.

book-learning 'buk, hi. nig booklet 'buk.lat, -lit -s -s

book.bAs.taf

'bon.a""

,

.

-es -iz

someone's good/bad .books, in someone's ,good/,bad 'books

-s -z

-i.a"^

'bsu.na.pait

'bon.bDn, 'bom-

'bain.

'bain.faia^ -s -z

boig

it

Bonchurch

62

bong bog bair), bongo 'borj.gau

'bon.i

'bou-

®

-s -z

-i.tid

-s -z

'bon.^^ 'bau.na"^

bonbon

Jei.ka"^

-i.tir)

-es -i:z, -eiz

® 'bou.ns.pairt

Bonar

set. 3^ -s -z

'bonl.it

bon bo:/;® b5:n bona fid|e .bau.na'fai.dli, bonanza ba'naen.za

-s -z

'baun.set.a"^

'bon.i.feis, -faes

.bDm.ba'dia'^

® .baim.ba'dir bombardon 'bom.ba.d^n; bom'ba:® 'baim.ba^-; ba:m'ba:rbombasine 'bom.bs.ziin, ® ,ba:m.b3'zi:n bombast 'bom.baest ® 'ba:mbombasticbom'baes.tik ® ba:m-aUy Bombay ,bDm'bei ® ,ba:mcompound: .Bombay 'duck bombe bom, bomb ® ba:m ® 'bai.ma^ bomber bombshell 'bom.Jel ® 'ba:mbombsite 'bom.sait ® 'ba:m-

Bonapart|e

bone-dry 'desert

-a.

(v.)

® ibou.na'-

bone .meal; bone .marrow; .chilled to the bone; have a bone to pick with .someone; .make no bones about something ,boun- stress bone-dry ,baun'drai

® bonehead 'baun.hed ® 'bounbonesetter ® 'boon, bone-shaker 'baun ® 'boon Jei.ka^ Bo'ness bau'nes ® bou-

I

boo-boo -ir)

-las,

-dt-lz

.

® bainz ® 'bain.za^

-ing - ig-ed-d-er/s-aVz ®-3^/z .couldn'tsay .bootoa goos boob buib -s -z -ing -ig -ed -d

-lis

®

-s -z

Bompas

-es -z

(B)

,

,

.

bonz|e bonz

boo bu

'Bonfire .Night

-ed -d ,bomb dis posal ,unit, di,sposal ,unit

bombardier

® 'baindz- -women -.wim.in bondjwoman 'bDndl.wum.sn ® 'baind- -women -.wim.in -ing baun ® boun bon|e -eless -er/s -aVz ® -ed

shift:

bon|y'bau.nli®'bou--ier-i.a''®-i.; -iest -i ist -i ast -iness -i nas -i nis

bonzer

'bondzl.wum.an

bonfire 'bon-faia"^®

-es -iz

® boult 'sai.nou, boul'za:-ing/s bomb bom ® ba:m bombard (n.)

bondsjwoman

-d

'boul.stla^ -ers

bolst|er 'baul.st la"" -3z (© -a^z -ering -^r.ir) -ered -ad

® bolt ®

'bondl.man

-men -man, -men -men -man, -men

boul'J^i

'bail-;

bolshjy 'boljli® 'boul-,

® 'baindbondsjman 'bondzl.man ® 'baindz-

bondjman

-ism -i.z^m

'boul-, 'ba:l-

'boul-, 'bailbolshie 'bolji Boishoi, Bolshoy borjoi, '--

® -Jaip ®

-s -s

-stoil, -sta:

-s -z

bookstand 'buk.staend -s -z -stair -s bookstore 'buk-stDi""

bookwork

'buk.waik

® ® -wa^ik

-2

bookworm 'buk. W3:m®-w3>^im-s Boolean

'bui.li.an -s -z

boom buim -s -z -ing -ig -ed -d boom ,box boomerang

® -ma.raeg

boomlet

'bui.m'r.aeg -ing -ig -ed -d

-s -z

'buim.lat,

-lit

-s -s

boon bum -s -z boondock 'buin.dok ® -daik boondogglje 'bum, dog. ^1

-s -s

,

Boon(e) - bottle-wash|er )

-,da:.g^l, -.do:- -es -z -ing

ig

®

®

-ir),

-ed

-,da:.g='l.ir), -,do:-,

-er/s-37z, ,-l3Vz-/z, io:-, .-gJa^/z

bum

mies

'bui.niz

*r

st burst -s -s -ing

>ster 'bui-sta"^

®

-ed -id

-ir)

-st3^ -s -z

>t(B)bu:t-s-s-ing-io®'bu:.tir)

d-id®'bu:.tid'boot, sale;, put the oot in; too ,big for one's boots >tblack 'buit.blaek -s -s ,bu:'ti:; 'bu:.ti

®

'bui.ti -s -z

® bou'ou-

>tes b3u'9u.ti:z

)th (B) bu:d, bu:e -s -z,

-s

'bu:d.bi

® bo:r

.bor.i'ai.lis, ,bo:.ri'-, -'ei-

'buiG.rDid, 'bu:d-

>tjack 'buit.dsaek -s

>tleg 'bu:t.leg-s-z-ging-ir)-ged-d

>tlegger

'buitileg-s"^

)tless 'buit.bs,

-lis

®

-ly

-a^ -s -z

-li

-ness

)ts (sing.) hotel servant: bu:ts

buits, 'buit.siz

)ts''

buits

>tstrap 'buit.straep

-s -s

-ping

-ig

-t

>ty 'bui.ti®

>tylicious

land®

born bo:n born-again

bo:'lDt.i

®

®

.bui.ti'lij.as

-ti-

®

®

®

'bor.a.deil

3bDp®ba:p-s-s-ping-ig-ped-t

borstal

»y-i

borstch

®

-i.a^

-iest

® ,bou-

)Dp.u:.taet'swa:.n3, ,bou.pu:-,

® ,bou.pu:.ta:t'swa:-,

-tat'-

racic ba'raes.ik, bor'aesD ba'raes-, bo:-

rage 'bor.ids, 'bAr-®

'boir-

rate 'boi.reit, -nt, -rat D 'boir.eit,

D ,bo:rrd bold

,bD:.ba'rig.mas

® boird

® boir'dou ® bo:r'del.ou s-z rden dan ® 'boird^n rdler -ers -az ® -ering -ered -ad -erer/s -^r.a7z ® rdeaux boi'dau

rdello bo:'del.au 'bo:.

'boLdla""

iD

-a^z

iD

-a^d

rderland

'boir.dla^

-^r.ig

-3>-.a^/z

'boi.d^l.aend

^ 'boir.da^.laend

-s -z

rderline 'boi.dn.ain

® ®

(B) 'bo:.st3l

®

®

-a^/z

'bair-

,

'

®

-is|e 'bot.^n.aiz

'ba:.t'n- -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d

botch botj

®

ba:tj' -es -iz

-tng -ig

® botch-up 'botJ.Ap ® both baue ® bouG Botha 'bau.ta ® 'bou.ta Botham 'bau.Gam, am ® 'bou. Gam, dam both|er .dla^-ers-az .a""® -ered -ad ® ® -ering botheration ® -ed

-t

-er/s -aVz

-a^/z

'ba:tj"- -s -s

'bod.

'bodl

'ba:

-a^z

-

-a^d

^r ig .

.bod.^r'ei.J^n

'bo:r- -s -z

bo:J, boistj", bo:;t J

® bo:rJt

® ®

'ba:.skaes.^l

bos'kau.an; -in; bai'skou.an; 'ba:.skwin

® Bosch boX ® baij bosh boj ® ba:X

-'ko:-;

'bos.kwm

Bosham

i

'bo:.

Boscawen

-it, -at -s -s

rax 'boi.raeks® 'bair.aeks

rborygmus

®

borzoi 'boi.zoi, -''bo:r- -s -z Bosanquet'bau.z^n.ket,-kit®'bouboscagje 'bos. kids 'ba:s- -es -iz Boscastle 'bDs.ka:.s3l, -kaes.^1

®

botanic ba'taen.ik,bDt 'aen-®ba'taen-li bo, tanic garden -al - ^1 -ally - ^1 botanist 'bot.^n.ist 'bai.t^n- -s -s

botany'bDt.^n.i®'ba:.t'n-, Botany 'Bay

Borthwick 'bo:0.wik® 'bo:rGBorwick 'bor.ik® 'bo:r.wik

ahuthatswana

-s -z

®

'bair.ou.wa:]", -wo:J

®

-s -s

® ba:'stou-, bo:'ba:.strid3 bosun 'bau.s^n ® 'bouBoswell 'boz.wal, -wel ® Bosworth 'boz.waG, -W3:9 -W3^:0 ® botaniz|e,

'bor.au. wdJ

.ist, -i.ast -ily -i.li, -^l.i

.bau'piip

®

borough 'bAr. a 'b3^:.ou, -a -s -z borrow (B) 'bor.au 'ba:r.ou -s -z Borrowash

'ba:.stik

®

Bostock 'bos.tok 'ba:.sta:k Boston 'bos.t^n® 'ba:.st^n, 'bo:Bostonian bos'tau.ni.an

.

Bors bo:s bo:rs borsch bo:/ bo:rJ' borscht bo:J't bo:rJ"t

3z|y 'bui.zli -ier -i.s^

'bos.tik®

Bostik'"^

'ba:z.wa>-9,

borne (from bear) bo:n bo:rn Borneo 'bo:.ni.au 'bo:r.ni.ou Borodin 'bor.a.din 'bo:rboron 'bo:.rDn® 'bo:r.a:n

®

-i.ist, -i.ast -ily -i.li,

-iness -i.nas, -i.nis

'ba:z-

bo:r'la:.ti

,bo:rn.a'gen stress shift, see compound: ,born-again Christian

Borrowdale

t/s -sVz -a^/z 3ze-up 'buiz.Ap

-^l.i

'bai.swei

'ba:.sli-ier-i.a'^

Bostridge 'bos.trids®

,bo:n.a'gen, -'gem

®

'ba:s.aid

-s -z

-ing/s -ig/z -ed -d -er/s -aVz

-ti

>2|e bu:z -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d

9t'-

'bo:r.ik

'bo:r-

® ®

-nis

^ -s -z Borg bo:g bo:rg Borges 'bo:.ges, -xes 'bo:r.hes Borgia 'bo:.d3i.a, -dsa® 'bo:r.d3a

Borland

®

®

stress shift: boss-eyed 'cat

®

)tie 'bu:.ti®-ti -s -z

'ba:s.fa^-, 'ba:.sp3^-

Bosporus 'bos.p^r.as boss (B) bos ba:s -es

boss-eyed .bos'aid®

'boir.i-

boredom 'bo:. dam ® 'bo:rBoreham 'bo:. ram ® 'bo:r.am Borehamwood ,bo:.ram'wud

®

-i

® ,ba:.sa'nou-

,

>throyd

-s -z -y

'bos.f^r.as, -p^r-

bossa nova

'bor.i.aes, 'boi.ri-, -as

boric 'bo:.rik, 'bor.ik boric 'acid Boris 'bor.is 'bo:r-

)the bu:d

ted

®

,bo:r.i'ael.is, -'ei.lis

Boreas

»sey 'bu:.zi

i3s,

® ®

bo:"^

'buz.^m

Bosphorus

'boi.djya""® 'boir.dja^,

bore (from bear)

iess-n3s,-nis

>thby

bosom

'bo:r-

-dsa^ -s -z

>rish 'boi.rij,

>tee

-ga'-

'boir.da^z

bor|ebo:'^®bo:r-es-z-ing-ig-ed-d

b^:^bu^®bur -s -z

>rd bold

Bordon 'boi.d^n® bordure

>n(e)

® ,ba:z.ni.a,hert.sa.gou'vi:.na,

'boir.da^.lain -s -z

Borders 'boi.daz®

'boz.am, 'bos-

,ba:.da'rei-

bothersome 'bod.a.s^m®

'ba:.da^-

Bothnia 'boG.ni.a® 'ba:GBothwell 'boG.w^l, 'bod-, -wel

®

'ba:G-, 'ba:d-

® Botolph ® Botox* 'bau.toks ® 'bou.ta:ks botrytis ® bou'trai.tas both|y

'boGl.i,

bod-

'ba:.GIi, -dli

-ies -iz

'bot.Dlf, -^If

'ba:.ta:lf

bot'rai.tis

Botswana bDt'swa:.na® ba:tBotticelli .bot.i'tjel.i® ,ba:.ta'--s-z

bottlje 'bot ^1® 'ba: .PI -es-z -ing-ig '-lig® 'ba:.Pl.ig,'ba:t.lig-ed-d -er/s-aVz, '-laVz® 'ba:.t'l.a^/z, .

®

'ba:.zam,

-sam

'bait .la^/z 'bottle

Note: A new pronunciation /'boj.am/ is also heard.

Bosher 'bau.Ja"^® 'bou.Ja^ bosky 'bos.ki® 'ba:.ski

®

bos'n, bo's'n 'bau.s^n 'boo- -s -z Bosni|a 'boz.nil .a® 'ba:z- -an/s-an/z

Bosnia-Herzegovina ,bDz.m.a,h3:t.sa'gDv.i.na; -gau'vi:-

bottle-green

®

,bank

,bDt.^rgri:n

,ba:.t^r- stress shift: ,bottle-green

'jacket

bottleneck 'bot.^l.nek®

'ba:.t'l-

-s -s

bottle-nos|e 'bot.^l.nauz

® 'ba:.t^l.nouz

bottle-washjer

-es -iz -ed -d 'bot.'l.woj.a'^

63

s

,

bravado - bricklayjer bravado

® -dou

bra'vai.dau

bravje breiv -er -3st -ely

-es -z -ing

-li

Braveheart braverjy

-(e)s -z

-s^ (yD -a^ -est -ist,

-ed -d

-ir)

Bravington 'braev.ig.tsn 'brai.vou, bravo brai'vsu, '--

®

®

-'-

Bremner

-.wai.ta^, -,woi- -s -z

®

bream (B) briim briim, Breamore 'brem.af ® -a^

'breiv.ha:t -d

.brent 'guis -geese -gi

'bren.tan

Brentwood

Bretwalda

briidd

®

breadwinner 'bred, win. a'^®-a^-s-z '

'breathing ,room; breathing .space; .breathe .down someone's 'neck

Bredon 'bred9-

-wise -waiz

®

-ed -d

-in-

breadboard 'bred.boid®-boird-s-z breadbox 'bred.bDks®-baiks-es-iz breadcrumb 'bred.krAm -s -z breadfruit 'bred. fruit breadline 'bred. lain

-ir)

-nas, -nis

'braez.a.vil, 'brai.za-

Breadalbane

-es -z -ing

®

Bra'zil ,nut

Brazilian

breathje briid

-ddr- -s -z breather 'brii.da"^ breathiness 'breG.i.nas, -nis breathless 'breG.las, -lis -ly -li -ness

Brazil country: brs'zil English

surname:

-3^/z

breathed phonetic term: breBt,

-33^

Brenner 'bren.a"^® -a^ Brent brent Brentford 'brent. fad

Brescia

-a.laiz -es -iz -ed -d -ing -ig -er/s

®

'bren. dan

'bren. an

Brenton

-W3>^ik

breath bre0-s-s breath ,test; ,take someone's breathaway; .waste

-aVz

«|

'bren.d^l

Brendon Brennan

brent|-goose

-s -s

®

,

®

®

'brest. W3ik

Brendel

I

'bren. dan

®

'brii.st^n

breathalyz|e, -ys|e 'breG.^l.aiz

-d

.

brazier 'breI.zi.9^ Brazier 'brei. 33"^

-ir)

one's breath

brazje breiz -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -d brazen 'brei z^n -ly -li -ness -nas -ni

brazen-faced

Breaston

® -strouk

-iest -i.ist, -i.ast

-i.a^

'bresf.fiid -s -z -ing

breast-fed 'bresi.fed

breastwork

Braxton 'braek.st^n bray (B) brei -s -z -ing -ir) -ed Braybrooke 'brei.bruk Brayiey 'brei.li

shift:

-s -z

-na^

Bren bren Brenda 'bren. da

'brei.ma.hai.v^n

.field

brickbat

'brik.baet -s -s

brickie 'brik.i -s -z brick-kiln 'bnk. kiln, -kil -s -z Note: The pronunciation /-kil/ is usee chiefly by those concerned with th(

j,

working of kilns, bricklayjer 'brik,leil.af®-a^-ers-az'

.

brickmakjer - Broadstairs

Brighouse

)-3^z-ing-ir)

®

:kmak|er 'brik.meil.ka'' rs-9Z®-3^z -ing-ir)

ckwork 'brik.w3:k colage )

-ka^

'—

,brik.30.'la:3,

ial 'brai.d^'l -s -z

degroom

'braid. grum,

-ly

-gruim

rides-to-be ,braidz.t3'bii

dewell

-tu:'-

®

-tu:'-

'braid. wel, -wal

Brigstock(e) 'brig.stok brillianjce -cy -si

'brids.hed -s -z

dgend ,brid3'end, 'dgenorth 'brid3.nD:0, )

'brid3.nD:r6,

-'-

-'-

dgeport 'brid3.po:t -a^ iger 'brid3.3'" iges 'brid3.iz Jget 'br1d3.1t

®

®

-poirt

brilliant 'bril.i.ant -li -ness -nas, -nis

®

)

'brid3,WD:.t3'^

-ing -irj, -ed -d bridle ,path

dleway

'brai.d^l.wei -s -z 'brid.lig.tsn

'brid.pD:t

B (B) bri:

ef briif -s -s -er St -ly

® ©

-a""

-est -ist

Bfless 'bri:.fbs, er brats'^

®

-az

-flis

erfield 'braia.fiild® 'braia^-

erley

'brais.li, 'bris-

®

'braia^-,

inr-

ers braisz

g brig

gade

gadier,brig.9'di3f®-'dir-s-z ressshift, see compound: brigadier ,

leneral

gantine 'brig.^n.tiin, ges 'brids.iz

gg brig

gham

-s -z

'brig.

am

-tain -s -z

®

.broadbrimmed

broadcast

®

® -kou ® -a^

,

-ast

'hat

'braid. kaist

'braid. kaest, 'braid- -s -s -ing -ig

®

-a^/z

'braid. kloG

'braid. klai9, 'braid-

broaden 'brai.d^n® -s -z

'brai-, 'brai-

-ing-ig-ed -d

broad-gauge

-est -ist

-ness -nas, -nis

® Broadhurst ®

'braid. geid3

'braid-, 'broid'braid. haist

'braid. h3^ist, 'braid-

'bris.kit -s -s

Broadlands''braid.landz

bristlfe 'bris.^1 -es -z -ing -ig, 'bris.lig -ed -d 'brisl.li

'bris.tau

®

.braid'brimd

,braid-, .braid- stress shift:

broadcloth

-s -s

-liness

broadloom

'braid.

broad-minded

®

luim®

'braid-,

.braid'main.did -ness -nas,

.braid-, .braid-,

-nis stress shift, British only:

-s

.broad-minded 'person

Brit, (abbrev.for Britain) brit;

Broadmoor 'braid. mai"^

®

Brit, {abbrev.for British) brit;

'braid. mur, 'braid-, -mair

broadsheet

'brit.ij"® brit; 'brit.ij

'braid. Jiit

®

'braid-,

'braid- -s -s

Britain 'brit.^n

britches 'bntj.iz, -az

'braid-,

'braid-

® -too

Britannia bri'taen.i.a, '-ja Britannic bri'taen.ik -a -a

®

'braid-

'brit.'n

gadoon ,brig.3'du:n gand 'brig.'nd -s -z -age -id3

-li

'braid-

-er/s -aVz

Brisbane 'briz.ban -ban, -bein Note: /'briz.ban/ is the pronunciation in Australia.

Brit brit -s

-iz

'braid-,

'braia.ni

Bristow(e)

broutj"

-t

broadbrimmed

Bristol bris.t'l

-s -z

-s -z

'broid-

-^l.i.nas, 'brisl.li-, -nis

bri'geid, bra- -s -z

®

-s -z

®

brist|ly 'brisk ^l.i,

® braia^z

'bsi.nau as if Czech: 'ba^-

-nis

®

®

-li

'brik.s^m

'braid-,

'

brisket

-3>-

-a"^

-lain Bri-Nylon .brai'nai. Ion -ou brio 'brii.au -'ouj", -'a:/ briochje bri'oj, -'au/

-ly

braia^ -s -z

®

'brik.st^n

-a^ -est -ist, -ast -ly

-iness -i.nas, -i.nis

-a"^

-a-"

'b3>^:.nou

-IT}

'brinz.li

brisk brisk -er

'brit- -er

-ing -es ® -ed broad braid ® braid, braid -er -ness -nas, ® .broad bean Broad braid ® braid, braid broadband 'broid.baend ® Broadbent 'braid.bent ®

.brigks'maet

Briscoe 'bris.kau

'briif .keis -es -iz,

®

brou bro brau broach brautj

®

-3^

-t

efcasje

®

-a^/z

briquet(te) bri'ket

-ness -nas, -nis -ing/s

-li

q/z -ed

Brno

'brai.nii -ier -i.a"^® -i.a^ -iest

Briony

-poirt

'1

Brize Norton .braiz'na:. t^n®-'no:r-

-zi

-es -IZ

bri'duin -s -z

dport

Brixton

-i.ist, -i.ast

raid.lir)

.

Britvic® 'brit.vik

® -stoun

(B) brirjk -s -s

brinjy

i\\e 'brai.d^l -es -z

doon

®

Brindisi 'brin.di.si, -da-,

Brinsley

die (B) 'brai.di -s -z

'brit.'n

Brixham

Brinks-Mat"

'brit.'n;

-est -1st, -ast -eness -nas, -nis

'brim.staon

®

®

Brittany 'brit.'n.i Britten 'brit.^n brittlje 'brit

brinkmanship 'brigk.man.Jip brinksmanship 'brig/cs.man./ip

)-,wa:.ta^, -,wo:-

dlington

'-jan-

Brittan

brimstone

brink

'brid3.n3:r9,

dgwater

®

'bril.i.an.tiin

brinjal 'brin.d3'l

'brids.noiG,

'brit.lig

Brittney 'brit.ni Britton 'brit.'n

'brig.aVz

'brid3.w3:k

Britling

-ou,Brillopad" 'bril.au,paed brim brim -s -z -ming -iq -med -d brimful brim'ful, '-

®

)-W3>^:k

Jgnorth

'-jant -s -s -ly

brindle (B) 'brin.d^l -s -z -d -d brine brain bring brir) -s -z -ing -ir) brought brait, brait bringer/s brait

-,wa:.ta^, -,wd:-

dgework

,brit-

Brittain 'brit.^n; bri'tem bri'tem

'-janils

Brind brind

igetown 'brid3.taun dgewater 'brid3,w3:.t3'^ )

®

'bril. i. anils

Brillo" 'bril.au® -ou

'brid3.m3n

,

®

Britt brit

dgeable

dgeman

British Leyland' brit. ij'lei. land

®

® -staik

brill (B) bril -s -z

brilliantine -d-d

dgehead

'brit- -s -z

Britney 'brit.ni Britomart 'brit .ao.mait ®-ou.ma:rt Briton 'brit.^n -s -z -pa:p Britpop 'brit. pop

Jg|e (B) brid3 -es -iz -ing -ir) -ed -d urn one's bridges 'brids.a.b^l

®

'brit-

Brigid 'brid3.id Brignell 'brig.nal

-men

®

'brit.ij"

Britishism 'brit. I. Ji.z^m® 'brit- -s-z

Brigit 'br1d3.1t

,

'brai.tist, -tsst

®

-er/s -aVz -a^/z .British English; .British Summer .Time .British 'Isles;

British

brighten 'brai t ^n -s -z -ing-ir) -ed-d Brightlingsea 'brait.lig.si: Brighton 'brai.t^n brights brails

deshead 'braidz.hed desmaid 'braidz.meid -s -z deslman 'braidzl.man -men Je-to-be braid. ta'bi: (©

'brai.ta^^

-ness -nas, -nis

-li

)-gru:m, -grom -s -z

isn,

®

.

,bri:.kou'la:3, .brik.oo'-

ie braid

®

-est -ist, -9st

® -W3^:k

Briticism 'brit.i.si.z^m

'brig.haus

(B) brait -er -3^

bright

®

broadside '-ja

'braid. said® 'braid-,

'braid- -s -z

Broadstairs

®

'braid. steaz

'braid. sterz, 'braid-

67

J

.

broadsword - Broxburn broadsword (®

bromine 'brau.miin, -mm® 'brou'braimBrbmley 'brom.li, 'brAmBrompton 'bromp.tan, 'brAmp-

'broid.sDid

®

'braid. soird, 'broid- -s -z

Broadwater

'brDid.woi.ts''

-,wo:-

(yD 'braid, wai.ta^,

Broadway

'brDid.wei (® 'braid-,

'brDid-

Broadwood 'brDid.wud®

'braid-,

'broid- -s -z

'brob.dirj.nseg

'braib-

Brobdingnagian

-ja^d

(brDb.dig'naeg.i.an

^-

® by:.ou irgh b3:g ® h\T.3 ® irgh 'bAr.3

b3^:g, 'b3:.r3,

-s -z

b3^:g in Suffolk: hsig;

Baron,

b3^:g; 'b3^:.ou

ieath in Surrey, place in Ancolnshire: 'bAr.a 'b3^:.ou 3urgh- by- Sands: hrxf

-es -IZ

burnt offering Burntisland, b3:nt'ai. land®, by:nt-

®

,

burnt-out

irghclere 'b3:.kle3''® 'ba^i.kler irgher 'b3:.g3f 'ba^i.ga^ -s -z

® irghersh 'bai.gaj® irghley ® irglar ®

-a^/z

-t

'b3:n.li

irgess (B) 'b3:.d33s, -dsis, -d^es 35)

® Burnham-on-Sea ,b3:.n3m.Dn'si: ® ,ba^:.n3m.a:n'-ing burnish 'b3:.nij® -er/s -aVz ® -ed Burnley ® 'by:nburnous, burnous|e ba:'nu:s ® burnout 'b3:n.aut ® 'by:nBurns b3:nz ® by:nz Burnside 'b3:n.said ® 'by:nburnt (from burn) b3:nt ® by:nt -ig

.bsint'aut

® ,by:nt-

burp ba:p by:p -s -s -ing -ig burqa 'ba:.k3 'by:- -s -z

-ed

-t

ies -iz irial'ber.i.sl-s-z' burial

bursarship 'b3:.s3.J'ip®

'bs^:-

'bsi.gb"^

'b3^:.gl3^ -s -z

-s -z

irglarizje 'bai.gl^r.aiz

© 'b3>^: .gb.raiz -es -iz -ing -ir) -ed -d

®

irglar|y 'b3:.gFrl.i

®

irgl|e 'b3:.g^l If),

'-glig

'ba^:- -ies -iz

-ing

-s -z

-ed -d

irgomaster

'b3:.g3a,ma:.st9'^

-s -z

® 'b3^:.g3,maes.ta^ -s -z

® 'bur.gais ® ba^i'goin, 'b3:.g3n.dli ®

irgos 'bus.gos

irgoyne irgundjy

'b3:.g3in,

(B)

-'-

'bs^:-

,

ground;

'bur. in, b^^i- -s -z

'by:.sa^, -sa:r -s -z

-es -s -ing

ed-t

irkina Faso bai.kii.na'faes.au ®bur,ki:.n3'fa:.sou Jrlap 'bai.laep® 'bs^:-

®

'b3>^:-

Jrlesqu|e b3:'lesk ing -If) -ed -t

®

bursarjy

b3-:- -es -s

-ir)

'by:.s3^-,

® 'by:-

® |by:.skou'-

-ies -iz

,b3:.sk3u'brid3

®

Bursledon 'b3:.z3l.d^n 'by:Burslem 'b3:z.bm 'by:z-

® ®

Bushire

bju:'J'ai3f, bu:-, -'Jis"^

®

®

burst b3:st by:st Burtb3:t by:t

-s -s

bush-league

bushjman

'buj".li:g -s -z

(B) 'bujl.msn

-men -man,

-n^l, -nel

'buj.rein.dss''

®

-dsa^

-s -z

bushwhack

'buj./iwaek -s -s -ing -ig

-ed-t

bushwhacker

'buj./zwaek.a'^

®

-a^

-s -z

bushjy

(B) 'bujl

.i

®

-ier -i.a^

-iest -i.ist, -i.ast -ily

-i.a^

-i.li, -^l.i

-iness -i.nss, -i.nis

business 'biz.nis, -nss -es -iz ,niind one's ,own 'business businesslike 'biz.nis.laik, -nas-

business|man 'biz. nisi. maen, -man -men -men, -man business|person -people

-nas,-

-nss-,

'biz. nisi, p3:.s'n,

-,pi:.p^l

,biz.nis.ta.kan'sju:.ma'', -'su:-

® -'su:.ma^

buslness|woman 'biz. nisi, wum.an, -nas,- -women -,wim.in busk (B) bAsk -s -s -ing -ig -ed -t -er/s -aVz

buskin

®

-s -z

ba- -an/s -sn/z

-a^/z

'bAs.kin -s -z -ed -d

bus|man

'bAsl.man, -maen -men -man, -men .busman's holiday

Busoni

bu:'zau.ni, bju:-, -'sau-

® bu'zou.ni, bju:-

buss (B) bAS -es -iz -ing -ig -ed bust bASt -s -s -ing -ig -ed -id bustard 'bAs.tad -ta^d -s -z -ta- -s -z buster (B) 'bAs.ta"^

-t

® ®

®

'bAS. ti.a^ 'bus-, 'bu:.sti-

'bu:.sti.ei, 'bus.tjei -s -z

bustlje 'bAS.^1 -es -ed -d

bust-up 'bASt.Ap bustjy

bus|y

-s -s

-i.a"^

®

-I.li, -^l.i

busybod|y

®

-i.a^

-iest

-iness -i.nas, -i.nis

'bizl.i -ies -iz

-id -ier -ily

-z -ing -ig, 'bAS.lig

'bAS.tIi -ier -i.a^

-i.ist, -i.ast

-ing -ig

® 'by:® 'by:-

burthen 'b3:.d3n burton (B) 'ba:.t^n Burundi bu'run.di,

'buj.^l, bu'Jel

bu:'Jir

bustier

'b3:.s^rl.i

Burscough Bridge

b3>^:k-s -s

irk|e (B)

'bsi.li

,by:.i'pD:rt

,bAr.i'pD:t

'b3:.s3

-sa:r- -s -s

® bsik® b3:k ® b3^:k

irin 'bjua.rin

jrleigh

-ig

'b3:.s3'"

burial .place irk

'bAr.'l, 'b3:r-

b3'ri:.t3u, bur'i:-

'ba^:- -es -z

'buj.i

business-to-consumer

® burr (B)b3:f ® by: Burrell Burridge 'bAr.ids ® 'by:burrito ® ba'rii.tou Burrough(e)s 'bAr.auz ® 'by:.ouz burrow 'bAr.su ® 'by:.ou -ing -ed -d Burrows 'bAr.auz ® 'by:.ouz Burry Port ® Bursa ® bur'sa:, by:bursar ®

'b3:.li

®

'buj.^l

Bushey

,biz.nis.ta'biz.nis

'by:nt-

®

'b3^:.g3^J'

'buj.^l -s -z

business-to-business

stress shift: ,burnt-out 'case

Burntwood 'b3:nt.wud®

-s -z

Bushell

®

'by:- -es -iz

-ed -d

® -ba:r

'bAz.bli -ies -iz

bushranger

,b3>^:.n9m.a:n'-

'b3^:- -s -z

ing

'ba^:-

,ba:.n3m.Dn'krautJ

b3>^:d3 -es -iz -'-

®

'b3:.n3m

-t

'bAS.boi -s -z

-men Bushmills 'buJTmilz Bushnell 'buj.n^l

'ba^:-

Burnham-on-Crouch

irgar 'bsi.ga"^® 'ba^i.ga^

irgee 'bsi.dsi:,

®

'bjua.ri,

(B)

bushel

ba^-

ba^'net; 'by:. nit

Burnham

®

®

surname:

'ber.i

buj -es -iz -ing -ig -ed -t 'bush ,baby; ,beat about the bush

'bs^:-

®

'b3:.ni

busbjy

bush

bs-

-i.ig

'bur.i, 'ber-

'bAS.ba:"^

busboy

ba^int

®

-ying

-(s)es -iz -(s)ing -ig -(s)ed

busbar

-ed -d

-it)

-wd:J"

-ies -iz

.i

'bus conductor; bus ,stop

burner 'b3:.n3f®'b3^:.n3^-s-z, put something on a/the ,back burner 'ba^:- -s -s burnet (B) 'b3:.nit Burnett bsr'net, ba-; 'bai.nit

Burney

s -s

irg|e baids

-ing

-s -z

®

bus bAS

®

® by:n ®

burnt b3:nt

®

-ouz

bjua'ret

irford 'bai.fad irg

Bury place:

-iness

'ber.i

®

ireaucratic .bjua.rao'kraet.ik,

rauz

-i.sst

(v.) 'berl

-ied -id

'b3-:- -ier -i.s'

Burnaby 'b3:.n3.bi Burnand b3:'naend, b3^:n Burne b3:n

® 'bjur.3- -s -s

'

bur|y

Burma 'bai.ma® 'b3^:Burmah 'b3:.m3 ® 'b3^:Burman 'b3:.m3n ® 'by:- -s -z b3M-, -'mi:s Burmese b3:'mi:z burn b3:n

ireaucracjy bjua'rok.ra.sli, )jo:'-® bju'rai.kra- -ies -iz

'b3:.wDj" locally also:

'bAr.sJ® 'by:.wa:/,

® 'b^:-

-i.nas, -i.nis

us)b3^:,det'-

bjo:-®

® ®

burljy (B) 'bsi.lli ®-i.3^-iest -i.ist,

jrdett-Coutts ,b3:.det'ku:ts,

Burwash

'b3^:Burley 'b3:.li 'by:Burling 'b3:.Iir) Burlington "bsi.lio.tan

-ying

-i.a^

-i.ig

-ied

-iest -i.ist, -i.ast

'busy .signal

'biz.i,bDdl.i

®

-,ba:.dli

-ies -iz

71

busyness - Byzantium

®

busyness 'biz.i.nss, -nis but strong form: h\i weak form: bat Note: Weak form word. The strong

®

form PokXI is used contrastively (e.g. ifs and buts) and in sentence-final position (e.g. "It's anything but"). The weak form is /bat/ (e.g. "It's good but expensive /its,gud.b3t.ik'speni.siv/).

butane 'bjui.tem (® butch (B) butj butch|er(B)

®

-ar^z

Jia"^

®

butler

®

-la^ -s

butlerjage 'bAt.Prl.1d3 -Y Butlin 'bAt.lm -s -z

butt

®

(B) bAt -s -s -ing -ig

-ed-id®

-ies -iz

'bAt.ir)

-3^z -ering -

®

-ered -ad -a^d 'butter ,bean; butter dish; butter ,kiiife; .butter wouldn't ,melt in .

ir)

,

his/her 'mouth butterball'bAt.a.b3:l®'bAt.3^.ba:l, -ba:l-s-z

® ® ®

buttercup 'bAt.a.kAp butterfat

'bAt.a.faet

Butterfield

'bAt.a.fiild

butterfingerjs

®

®

-aiz

bu:'tu:t

buttermilk 'bAt. a. milk® 'bAt.a^butternut 'bAt.a.nAt 'bAt.a^- -s butterscotch 'bAt.a.skotJ"

®

'bAt.a^.skoitJ"

'bAt.'r.ik, -a.wik

-s

®

bju'tir.ik

buxom

'bAk.sam -ness -nas, -nis

bju:-

-b: -s -z

-ou'-, -a'-

-an/s -^n/z

® baia-z Byfleet Byford fad ® bygone 'bai.gon ® -gain Bygraves 'bai.greivz bylaw 'bai.bi ® -bi

® ®

'bAZ.w3:d

® -W3^:d

-d

-paes -es -iz -ir

'bai.

-d

-IT)

-paelG -ths -d

® -iPrai.dakt Byrd bsid ® ba^id byre ® Byrne bain® ba-in byroad 'bai.raud ® -rood Byrom

-akt

baia^ -s -z

-s -z

weak

ba

The weak forms /bi,

by-and-by ,baI.^nd'baI,-^m-®-^nc^'Byard baiad baia^d Byars baiaz baia^z

® ®

Byas(s) baias baiat

-n.i,

'bai. ran

bai'ron.ik

®

-'rai.nik

-aU

-li

Bysshe bij bystander bystreet

'bai.staen.da"^

®

-da^ -s

'bai.striit -s -s

byte bait -s -s Bythesea 'bai9.si:

byway 'bai.wei -s -z byword 'bai.waid ® -W3^id -s -z Byzantlan

®

'-tpn

bai'zaen.ti.an, bi-, ba-,

bi'zaen.ti.an, ba-, bai-,

-'zxnt.pn

Byzantine -tiin;

bi'zaen.tain, bai-, ba-,

'biz.^n-®

Byzantium '-tpm

'bid-go/t as if Polish:

-s -z

'bai. ram

Byronic

Weak form word. The strong is /bai/.

-s -z

-nou ,bi:.wai'au®-'ou

Byron

'bwai.na occasional

-s -z

-s -z

® bypass pais ® -ed bypa|th 'bai.pailG ® BYO

baia""

Buzf UZ 'bAZ.fAZ buzz bAZ -es -iz, -az -ing -ii) -ed buzzard 'bAz.ad -a^d -s -z buzzer 'bAZ.a^ -zr- -s -z

Bydgoszcz

-fa-d

-s -s

®

hi,

'bai.fliit

byplay 'bai.plei by-product 'bai, prod. Akt,

buyable 'bai.a.b^l buyback 'bai.baek -s -s buyer 'bai.a^ -a^ -s -z buyout 'bai.aut -s -s

Byatt

-la:,

Byng big Bynoe 'bai.nau

butyric

/.tui.ba'Gri:/).

'bAt.a.mia"^

®

Byles bailz byline 'bai. lam

'bAt- -ies -iz

ba/ are rarely used, but can be found occasionally, particularly in measurements (e.g. "two by three"

'bAt.a^.li

72

butut

Note:

®

by-election 'bai.iilek.J^n, -a,--s-j Byelorussi|a .bjel.aa'rAjl.a, ,bel-,

-lai,

®

'bAt Li

form

® Buttermere ® 'bAt.a^.mir ®

-s

-ed -d

forms: 'bAt. 3^- -ies

'bai. bai -s -z

'bai.b:

'bai.

(B) 'bAt.ras, -ris -es -iz -ing

by normal form: bai

Butterick 'bAt.^r.ik® 'bAtButterleigh, Butterley 'bAt.^i.i

Butterwick

® -houl

'bAt.'n.huk -s

butt|y

bwana

-ed -d

'bAt.a.fllai

'bAt. ^n. haul

-es -z -ing -ig -ed -d

buzzword

'bAt.3^-

'bAt.a,fir).galz

'bAt.3^,fir).g3^lz

butterfl|y

'bAt.a^- -s -s

'bAt.a--

byelaw

Byers baiaz

® bait, bait

-s -z

,bai'bai, ba-,

bAb'ai; 'bai. bai, 'bAb.ai

-'rui.si-

,bAt.^nd'daun

,bAt-

Buxtehude ,buk.sta'hu:.da Buxton 'bAk.stan buy bai -s -z -ing -ig bought boit

butt|er'bAtl.a'"(®'bAtl.3^-ers-az (US)

,bAt.^n'daun stress shift: ,button-down 'collar

-ir)

'bAt.id

Butte bju:t butt-end 'bAt. end

'n -s -z -ing -ir) -ed -d

button-down

buttress

-z -i

.

bye (B) bai -s -z bye-bye goodbye: bye-bye sleep:

'bAt- -s -s

button (B) 'bAt

-Ja^,

,bu:.ta'lei.zi

(B) 'bAt.la"^

'bAt- -ies -iz

.i

.

buttonhook

-Jir

Buthelezi

'bAt ^1

buttonholfe

'but/.^rl.i -ies -iz -

® buttock 'bAt.ak ® butter|y

®

'butJ'l.3'^^:-

,si:.ei'ei

b kaeb

-s -z

.sii.ei'bi:

bal ka'bael, kaeb'ael

®

caboosje ka'buis

(C) ka'bai.la, kaeb'a:-

balism 'kasb.a.h.z^m balistic ,kaeb.9'lis.tik -al -^1 -ally n.i,

bana

®

ka'bai.na

baret

—

cacao

'kaeb.a.rei,

3) .kaeb.a'rei,

bbagje

'

s -z

(©

-oul -s -z

©

.kaeb.ri.a'lei -s -z

'kaeb. ids -es -iz

'cabbage

-la:t, -lou

(C) ks'bai.ls, kaeb'a:- -s -z

bbal|ism'kaeb.3.1li.z'm-ist/s-ist/s

bbalistic .kaeb.a'lis.tik -al

-'1

-ally

kaej"

cabbjy

bdriver

'kaebl.i -ies -iz

'kaebidrai.va"^

®

-va^ -s -z

cachepot

-pou

ibell'kaeb.^I 'kei.ba'^

tbernet

®

-ba^ -s -z

'-a-

-es -s

kaeb.3.nei.s3u.vi:'nj5:;7, -jon

bin 'kaeb. in -s -z cabin ,boy; cabin

-s -z

ka'siik -s -s

cack-handed,kaek'haen.did,'— -ly-li -ness-nas,-nis

cruiser; 'cabin fever ,

binet (C) 'kaeb.i.nat, -a-, -nit -s -s Cabinet .Minister, .Cabinet 'Min-

cackl|e'kaek.^l-es-z-ing-ig,'-lir)-ed

ister

cacodyl 'kaek.au.dail, (© 'kaek.ou.dll, '-a-

ibinetmakjer 'kaeb.I.n^t,meI.kl^^ nit-

®-k\dr- -ers -az

®

-a^z

-ing -ig

ibl|e(C)'kei.b^l-es-z-ing-ir),'-blir)

ed-d cable ,car; .cable television, cable tele 'vision

,

iblecast'kei.b^l.ka:st(uD-kaest -s-s

-d-er/s-a''/z,

'-laVz® '-^l.a^/z,

'-la^/z

®

Cadby

'kaed. ber. i,

'kaed.bi, 'kaeb-

'kaed.kaem

Caddick kaed.ik caddie 'kaed.i -s -z caddis 'kaed. is caddis .fly caddish 'kaed. ij-ly-li-ness-nas,-nis cadd|y 'kaedl .i -ies -iz -ying -i.ig -led -Id

cade

(C)

keid

-s -z

Cadell 'kaed.^1, ka'del cadenc|e 'kei.d^n^s -es

-dil

®

-'ou.acacoepy kaek'au. i. pi, -ep.i cacographic .kaek.ao'graef .ik (SD-ou'-, -a'- -al -^1

cacographykaek'og. ra.fi, ka'kog-

® ka'kar.gra-

-a^.ik

Caddellka'del

.kaek.i'nei.pn

cacique kaes'iik,

'kaed.b^r.i

CAD/CAM

cachou kaej'u:, ka'Ju:; 'kaej.u: cachucha ka'tjui.tja -s -z

yD -a^.nei,sou.vi:'njoun

®

-ba^-

-ed -id

cachinnation

Sauvignon

-ta^

-'dei-, -'daev.a"^

®-'daev.a^-s -z

Cadbury

-s -s, -z

-'- -s -z cachet 'kaej.ei cachinnat|e 'kaek.i.neit, -11)

ka'daes.ta"^

-nis

'kae/.pau, .kaej'pot

-,- Jir

Cambyses

®

Edinburgh: 'kail.t^n 'ka:l- in Glasgow: 'ka:l.t'n

in

'kael. trap,

America)

® kaemftz;

'ka:1.0o:rp, 'ka:l-, 'kael-

calumet

illender 'kael.In.da^ -an-

® -9D:rp surname:

'ka:l.eo:p, 'kol-, 'kael.ea:p

Jllcott 'kail.kat, 'kol-

'ka:l.ka:t,

®

-'p3-:Calpurnia ,kaerp3:.ni.a calque kaelk -s -s Calshot 'kael.Jot -J"a:t Calthorpe district in Birmingham:

caltrop

®

-(e)s -z

-s -z

(abbrev.for Central

cambial

ka,b:r.i-, kael,a:r-

calorimeter

kaem

(C)

camaraderie kael'-,

'kael.^r.i -s -z

llback 'koil.baek® 'koil-, 'ka:lSlboy 'koil.bai 'kail-, 'ka:l- -s -z 'ka:l-

® -sou

kaelt'sou.nl, kael'zau-, -nei

.kaem.a.lau'djui.nam

'kael.ma.tiv, 'ka:.ma-

'ka:.nia.tiv, 'kael- -s -z

calorific

®

ka'lip.sau

'keil.liks, 'kaell.iks -lyces

.sen.tr^l.a'mer.i.ka -t

-ed -d

-ir)

Calton

•lias 'kael.as, -aes

®

CAm

'kD:l-, 'ka:l-

'kael.as -es -iz

'kael.Goip -'net-

'kael.i.d^n, '-a-

kael'zou.nl, -'zoun -s -z

cam

'kael.a.wei

ka'bi- -s -z

'kael.a.han, -haen, -gan

ca|lyx

®

®

'call ,girl

.kael.vi'nis.tik, -va'-

(('-}

calzone

-a""

-est -ist, -ast

calorie

®

-s -s

Itaghan

® -ou -er

.kael.a.ri-, .kael.o:-,

Ikin 'kael.kin, 'ka:-

II

-as'-

ka'lis.tau® -tou

® ka:k, ka:k ® ® ka:l

-va-

-li.shz -lyxes -lik.siz (C) 'kael.au

ka'lor.ik; 'kael.'r-

'kael.i.feit, 'kei.li-, -fit,

ka:k

Ik

-dr-

®

-ness -nas, -nis

-11

-t

'kael.a^

'kei.lliks, 'kaell.iks -ices -is.i:z

l|ix

calypso

® kael'ma:.d3a-, -dsuCalne ka:n calomel 'kael.ao.mel ® -a.mel, -mal calor ® 'Calor ,gas caloric ® ka'bir-

-as'- -s -s

listo

'kael.as -ly

callow

-ing

'kei.lif, 'kael.if -s -s

®

Calydon

-ju-

isthenic ,kael.is'9en.ik,

'kaevz-

cal|x kaellks -ces -sl:z -xes -k.siz

kael'os.a.tli, ka'los-, -itl.i

calmative

ipash 'kael.i.paej ipee 'kael.i.pi:,

iphate

®

-al-'l -ally-'l.l,Ml

ka'la:.sa.tli -ies -iz

calmodulin

®

Calvinistic

-s -s

kael'is.tra.tas, ka'lis-

-est -ist, -ast -ly

.kael.i'fDi.ni.am, -a'-

'kael.i.pa"^

calves'-foot 'kaivz.fut

-ist/s -ist/s

ka'lis-

calm ka:m -a'-,

ligula ka'lig.ju.la, -ja-

5)

® callositjy ®

callus

s)-a'fa:r-

iph

'kael.va.t^n, 'ka:l-

Calvin 'kael.vin Calvinjism 'kael.vi.nli.z^m,

kaeris.9a.ni:z, ka'lis-

call-up 'ka:l.Ap®

D-a'fair.nja, -ni.a

fat

Callistratus

Calloway

-s -s

Lael.i'foi.ni.a, -a'-, '-nja

iper

kael'ir.au.i:, ka'lir-

ka'lir.ou-

®

(abbrev.for California)

njla® .kael.a'fair.njla, m/s -an/z

'kael.v3:t, -vat, 'ko:l.vat

® Calverton ®

'kael.v3-:t, -va>^t

,kael.i'pai.gas,-a'-®-a'-

® Callisthenes ®

-ed -(e)s -z

-kAt

ifornija ,kael.i'fD:.nil.a,

Calvert

-a.pa^ -s -z

'kael.va^.tan

callous

if.

®

.kael.i'pids.i.an, -a'-

callisthenic .kael.is'Gen.ik

ibration .kael.i'breij^n, -a'ibrator 'kael.I.breI.t^^ '-a-®-t3^ '-a-

'kael.v^l.l

®-va>-.llp/acem West Yorkshire: 'ka:.va.ll,'ko:v.H®'ka:.va--,'kD:v-

ka'lis-

i)-brei.tid

ibre 'kael.I.b^^

-s -z

ikael.va'dous, ,ka:l-

Calverley surname:

'ko:-, 'ka:- -s -z

-a'-

Callirrhoe -brates

'-a-

-ated

-ei.tir)

ka'laia.pi, kael'aia-

callipygous

ijbrate 'kael.il.breit,

I

®

®

-ei.ta-/z

®

'ka:l-, 'ka:l- -s -z

'kael.i.pa"^

callipygian

-z

® ®

-ei.tir)

-ei.tid -ator/s -ei.taVz

calvar|y (C) 'kael.v^rl .1 -ies -Iz calvje ka:v®kaev-es-z-ing-ir)-ed-d

-ze-lz

'calling ,card

calliper

iber 'kael.I.b^^

®

®

calumniation ka,lAm.ni'ei.J"^n calumnjy 'kael. am. nil -ies -Iz calvados (C) 'kael.va.dos

ka'lig.ra.fli, kael'ig-

'ko:.lir)

Calliope

'ka:.li

®

'ko:-, 'ka:-

'kael.i

-ally-M.i,-Ii

calligraph|y

callmg

)kaerhu:n, -'houn, ks'huin i

-'1

®

'kai.li

.kael.i'graef.ik, -a'- -al

calligraphic

call-in 'kail. in

'kael.g'r.i

houn

Callie surname:

-ei.tid

-a-

-ist/s -ist/s -er/s -a7z

jelly

lot

Caller 'kael.a'®

-ating

-eits

'kai.la-, 'ka:- -s -z

Callie girl's name:

-s -z

?nture 'kael.an.tjuaf, -m-, -tjo^^ f3f®-tja^, -tjur -s -z f

®

caller 'kai.la^

ka'lAm.nlI.eit -ates

camcorder

kaem'bai.sl:z 'kaem,ka:.da'^

®-,ko:r.da-

Camder:

-s -z

'kaem. dan

came (from come) keim camel 'kaem.^1 -s-z Camelford 'kaem.^l.fad® -fa>^d 75

—

,

,

1

camelhair - Cannock

® -her

'kaem. H.hea'

camelhair

campion

Camelot

'kaem. a. lot,

'-i-

®

campsite

,role

'kaem.^r.sl.maen,

CAMRA

kaem.ra

camshaft

-ir)

'kaem.^r.a.Jai, 'kaem.ra

camerajwoman -women

-ra,-

-,wim.m

Camero ka'mea.rau censjure 'sen^.Jla^ -sjla""®

,sel.3>-'et -s -s

Gellini

'ses.i.li, 'sis-, -^l.i CyD 'ses-

-a^d

-'sD:r.i-

-sa^- -s -sS

-bit -s -s

'-i-,

-men -man, -men

-'siil.ja, -'sil-

-az®

®

-nis

censurable

'sel.a.bat,

cellarage

®

seni'sa:.ri.al

-li

,-i-

sel'im, sei'lim

cellarer

Note:

Gecilia

celibate

cellar 'sel.a'^®-3^

'ses.^1

-ors

senf'sa:.ri.as

cell sel -s -z

.tjau'jes.ku:

Gebu

Gecile

'sii.ii.aek

Geline

-nas, -nis

Geausescu

-t

-'sa:r.i-

celiac

®-'ter.i- -s -z

-ness

-li

'sii.li.a

-sla^

-ored -ad

-^r.ir)

® -ly-i censorian senf'so:.ri.an ® censorious ® -ly -ness -nas, censorship 'senf.sa.Jip ® censorial

si'les.tain, sa-, -tin, -tim -s -z

,si:.di:'ti:

-oring

-ed

-ir)

-sa^ -s -z

.sen.i'maet.iks, -a'-

centime

®

'sen.ti.lii.ta

'sd:n.ti:m, 's5:n-, 'sa:n-;

'sa:n-, 'sen- -s -z

centimetre, centimeter

-'maet-

®

-'netcenetics sa'net.iks, siCEng {abbrev.for Chartered Engin-

eer) ,si:'end3; ,tJa:.t^d,en.d3^nIa^

'sen.ti,mi:.taf

®

-ta.mi:.ta^ -s -z

centimo 'sen.ti.mau® -mou -s-z centipede

'sen.ti.pi:d

®

-ta- -s -z

-l

centipoisje - eg tipois|e'sen.ti.p3iz®-t3- -es-iz

®

tner 'sent .na^ to 'sen.tao

TO

®

'sen.tau

-na^ -s -z

-too

(3)

-s -z

certiorari

Cepheid 'si:.fi.id, 'sef.i- -s -z Cepheus 'sii.fi.as, -fjas ceramic sa'raem.ik, si-, ki-, ka-

®

®

-too

tral(C) 'sen.tr'l -ly-i .Central

frican Re public; .Central

®

-'ra:.ri

certitude

sa'raem- -s -s Note: In the UK, experts tend to use the forms with /ki-, ka-/.

,s3:.Ji.o:'rea.rai, -ti.a'-, ,s3^:.J'i.a'rer.i, -'ra:r- -s -z

's3:.ti.tju:d

's3^:.ta.tu:d, -tju:d

cerulean

sa'ru:.li.an, si-

cerumen

sa'ru:.men,

®

ceramicist sa'raem. i.sist,

ceramist 'ser. a. mist, sa'raem. ist -s-s

cervical sa'vai.k^l,

ime

cerastes sa'raes.ti:z, cerate 'sia.reit, -rit,

® cervine 'S3:.vain ® cerjvix ®

tralism 'sen.tr'l.i.z'm

jn.tr'l.ai'zeij'n,

®

-i.ti

tralization, -isa-li'-

®

-a.ti

-h'-

-ed -d

'sen.tl3'"®-t!3^-res-3z®-3^z -red-3d®-3^d .centre gravity; .centre stage

ing-^r.io

'sen.ta.boid

tre-field ,sen.t3'fi:ld -ta^- -s -z -er/s -aVz

®

>-t3>^'fD:r.w3^d -s -z

® ® trepiec|c ® s-iz point ® itrepoint tre-spread .sen.ta'spred ® tre-|half ,sen.t3l'ha:f -'haevz alves -'haivz

-ta^l'haef

'sen.ta.piis

-ta^-

-t?r-

'sen. ta.

-ta^-

ress shift: .centre-spread 'picture

-ally

-^l.i, -li

itrifugal ,sen.tri'fju:.g^i, -tra'-,

® sen'trif

.ja.g^l,

3-, -ju:-

-tra- -es -iz

-ing -iq -ed -d

itriole 'sen.tri.aol

®

'-a-,

®

itr|ism 'sen.trli.z'''m -ist/s -ist/s

'sen.trao®

®

® -ba:s

'-i-

'-i-®

®

'-a-

cestui

®

-nas, -nis

itumvirate sen'tAm.vi.rat,

® sen'tAm.va-.at, ken-,

cert -va-.

-vi.rat

-s

D 'sen. tarn. VI-, 'ken. torn-, -rai

ituple 'sen.tjo.p^l; sen'tju:D 'sen.ta-; sen'tu:-, -'t ju:iturion sen'tjoa.ri.an, -'tjoa-,

® ®

tjo:-, -'tja:-

-'tor.i-, -'tjor- -s -z

pe Sep

-s -s

phalic

sef'ael.ik, sif-, sa'fael-,

:ef'ael-,

kif-

®

sa'fael. ik

®

'sef.^l.ao.pod

D -a. paid -s -z phalopoda

.sef.a'lop.a.da

©-'lai.pa-

phalous

certificate -kit

® ®

cestus cesura

®

'ser-

® ®

-tin-

's3^:-

's3^:.ti:z

-li

(v.) sa'tif.ii.keit, s3:-,

-cates -keits -eating -kei.tir) -cated -kei.tid,

®

-ka.tid,

-ki-®

-kei.tid

sef.^l.as

'sii.faes

,s3:.ti.fi'kei.J"'n, -fa'-

-s -z

-'loo-

providing with a

® ®

,s3-:.ta-

certificate:

,s3:.ti.fi'kei.J''n, sa.ti-

,sy:.ta-

-s -z

certificatory -kei-, -tri

®

sa'tif .i.ka.t^r.i, S3:-, sa^'tif .i.ka.to:r.i

®

-ta- -ies certif|y 's3:.ti.flai, -ta-aiz -ying -ai.ig -led -aid -ier/s -ai.a^/z .certified mail -ai.aVz

®

si'zjoa.ra,

si:-, -'zja:-,

-'30a-

sa'zor.a, -'3or- -s -z sa-, -Ji.a, -si.

-si.

a® -Ja

si'tei.J^n, sa-, -Ji.an,

® as ® -Jas

-pn -s -z -si. an cetaceous si'tei.Jas, cetane

-ta'-,

'S3^:.ta.fai- -ly

sdf- -s -s

S3^-

.set.iz.ki'trAst

'ses.tas -es -iz

cetacean

(n.) sa'tif.i.kat, S3:-, '-a-,

-kei.tir)

que trust

Cetaceasi'tei.Ja, 's3^:- -ly -li

certifiabjle ,s3:.ti'fai.a.bPl,

®

.set-,

,set-,

'sir.i-

's3:.ti:z, -tiz, S3:ts

's3:.ti.fai-, -ta-

®

.set.iz.ki'vi:

sa-

certification act of certifying:

,sef .a'lao.ni.a

phalopod

certes

'-a-

p sep -s -s

phalonia

®

®

.set.i.ki'vi:

.ses.twiz® cestuis que vie .ses.twiz®

S3^:t -s -s

certifi|cate

-iz

-'oo

|Si:.i:'ao

®

vie

.set-,

-ies -iz

ntumviri ,sen.tAm'vi.ri:

itur|y 'sen.iprl.i -ies

s3:t

que

cestuis

.sia.raa'plaes.tik,

certain 's3:.t'n, -tin certaintjy 's3:.t^n.tli,

.set.i.ki'trAst

.ses.twi- -s -z

'sir.i:z

-'pla:.stik® 'sir.oo.plaes-,

-a

.sei.lae'vi:, -la:'-, -la'-

que trust

|Set-, .ses.twi- -s -s

cestui

'ser. if -s -s

®

'ses.pu:! -s -z

c'est la vie

-ies -iz

'sia.ri.am

'ses.na

'ses. pit -s -s

cesspool

-i

-s -z

-er- -ies -iz

cesspit

-a'-

cerium

'si:.zi.am

cess ses -es -iz cessation ses'ei.J^n, si'sei-, sacession 'sej.'n -s -z cessionarjy 'sej.^n.^ri.i, -^n.rli

®

-s -s

sa'ri:z, si-, -'ri:s

si:'za:.ri.ao, -'zaer.i-

-'za:r.i.oo

Cessna"

.ser.i'mao.ni.al, -a'-

cerise

-'za:r.a- race:

®-'za:r.a-

Cesario

® -a:n cerement 'sia.mant, 'ser.a.mant ® 'sir.mant ceremonial -ism -i.z^m ® -a'mooceremonious .ser.i'mao.ni.as, -ness ® -a'mooceremonjy ® '-a.moo.nli -li

®

si'zaer.a.witj"; -'za:.ra-, -ri-

cesium

-ly

si'zea.ri.an, sa-

ce.sarean section

si'zai.ra.vitj", sa-

-brei.tid

cerif

sa'zer.i- -s -z

,ser.a'ni:.an

sei'za:r

'-a-

cerebration .ser.rbrei.J^n, -a'®-a'--s -z cerebr|um sa'ri:. brlam,si-; ser. I-, ®'ser.a-; sa'ri:- -a-a -ums -amz Ceredigion .ker.a'dig.i.on, -i'-

-s -z -ly

-vices

Cesarewitch Russian prince:

sa'ri:-, si-

'ser.al.breit,

sa'rin.i.an

Cesar 'seI.za:^ -za^ cesarean, cesarian

.cerebral palsy

.

ceroplastic 'sen. tra

>tr|um 'sen.trlam -a

(phas

-a

'-i-;

'ser a-; sa'ri:- -s -z

's3^:-

® ®

Cerynean

,ser.i'bell.am, -a'-

'ser.a.br'l,

smear

-vis.i:z -vixes -vik.siz

-ing -lo -ed -d

-ums -amz -a Cerebos 'ser.a.bos,

cer.vical smear, .cervical

's3^:.vi-

's3:l.viks

sa^'ker.i-

'sir.i- -s -z

-a'-

Ceres 'sia.ri:z®

-col -s -z

itripetal ,sen.tri'p.i:.t'l, sen'tn.pa.t^l m'tri.pi-

O

®

sa^-

'S3>^:-

'S3^:-

sir -es -z

®

ss:-; 's3:.vi-

smear

'ser.i.ma.nli, '-a-

itrifugje 'sen.tri.fju:d3, -tra-

>

®

® ®

tre-forward ,sen.t3'fD:.w3d

:n'tnf .jo-, -ja-

®

'sia.ri.al

s3:'vaen.ti:z, -tiz

.cervical

'sir.eit,

-brates -breits -brating -brei.tiQ -brei.tir) -brated -brei.tid

)-ta>^.foold -s -z

It

sia"^

cere|brate -3>-/z

trefold 'sen.ta.faold

itric 'sen.trik -al -^1

®

sa-

® ®

'ssi.b'r.as

cerebelljum

®

)

itro-

cer|e

cerebral

i-ta^.boird -s -z

[)

Cerberus

cereal

t|re

treboard

® ®

si-

-rat

cercarija ssi'kea.ril.a -ae -i:

traliz|e, -is|e 'sen.tr'l.aiz -es -iz ig-ir)

Cervantes

-It -s -s

tralist 'sen.tr^l.ist -s -s

trality sen'trael.a.ti,

si-, '-a-

a- -s -s

sa'ru:-

-man

sa'ru:-

merica; Central Daylight Ime; .central heating; .central ser'vation; .Central Standard

® sa'raem.

®

si-,

sa-, -Ji.as,

'sii.tein

Cetewayo -wa:.jao

ketj'wai.ao, .ket.i'wai-,

® -'wai.oo

Ceuta 'sju:.ta® 'sei.u:.ta Cevennes sev'en, sa'ven, si-, -venz

® sei'ven

ceviche

sa'vi:.tj'ei, -tji:

®

si'la:n, seiCeylon si'lon, saCeylonese ,sel.a'ni:z, ,si:.la-

® ® sei'za:n

|Si:.la'ni:z, ,sei-, -'niis

Cezanne cf.

sei'zaen, si-, sez'aen

{abbrev.for compare) kam'pea^,

kan'fs:""; ,si:'ef

® kam'per,

kan'f3^:;

,si:'ef

CFC

,si:.ef'si: -s -z

eg {abbrev.for centigramme, centi-

85

Chablis - chamomile

Pronouncing the letters CH The remainder, pronounced

The consonant digraph ch has three main pronunciations: /tj,

k/and /j"/. Before the

letter r,ch

is

always realised

often being

/tj/,are

more

long-established,

common everyday words {e.g.lunch,chew).

as /k/, e.g.:

In Christmas

anachronism

Occasionally, ch

/s'naek.rs.ni.z^m/

However, there

is

no

reliable

place

way of predicting whether ch

be pronounced as /tj k/ or /_[/

will

addition

/'krisf.mas/

in

most other situations by

/tjaep/

stomach

/'stAm.sk/

in

the

British

Words from Scots ending ch may be pronounced /x/, but can also have the realisation

chap

/Ink, Idx/

loch

/k/,e.g.:

(ys)

/la:k, la:x/

/Jaem'pein/ In

In

pronounced /d^,as

/'gren.ids/

looking at the spelling alone, e.g.:

champagne

is

name Greenwich.

the case of yacht ch

is

silent:

general,/k/ words are those originating from Greek

{e.q.chaos, chorus).

Words containing /J/ are

yacht

usually late

/jot/

(ys) /ja:t/

borrowings from French {e.g.champagne,chauffeur).

® -smouk

gram) 'sen.ti.graem (® -taChablis 'Jaeb.li:, -bli, -'-® /aeb'li,

-er/s -aVz

Jai'bli

Chabrier

®

'Jaeb.ri.ei, 'Jai.bri-,

cha-cha 'tJaLtJa: -s -z -ing -irj -ed cha-cha-cha ,tj"a:.tj'a:'tja: -s -z

chaconne

-d

Jsek'on, Ja'kon

® Jai'kam, Jaek'ain,

-'oin -s -z

chacun a son gout Jaek.3:n.a:.s5:/;'gu:, -Ee.sor)'-

-, 'kaer- -s -z

t Jes""

Chapel-en-le-Frith

anel Ja'nel, Jaen'el

®

't

-bd:o

-d

'hAn.u.kd, 'haen-, 'xAn'ha:.n3.k3, 'xa:-, -nu.ka:

chapat(t)i

—®

® ® ®

'tjam.tri

chantrjy 'tjam.trii chant|y 't Jam.t li

-'pul-

(C)

it

-^l.i, -li

-z

'

Jam.ti'ji

Note: In the song "ChantiDy Lace",

chaos

-s -z

)-i.3^ -iest -i.ist, -i.sst

ga'f,

-t3-, ,-'-

'Jam-,

® Chantilly ®

®

-ka^

incroid 'Jaeo-kroid inc|y 'tjamf.sli

(C) 'tJam.tI.klI3^

Chanukah

-iz

incre 'Jaeo-ka^

Jaen-, -'tu:s -es -iz

'Jaen.ti, 'tjaen-,

chanticleer

'Jaer.s.baer),

® character 'kaer.^k.t3^ ® characteristic ®

Jd:«'t3:z,

Jaen'til.i;

Jaen^- -ies -iz

(llor

-s -z

Jaen.ts'-,

,tjaen-

'/Jaent-,

'tjaenf- -s -z

incellerjy 'tja:nf.s^l.^rl.i )

'tjaen.ta^

'Jaen.ti -s -z

nc|e tja:nfs t Jaenfs -es -a^/z ] -ed -t -er/s -sVz

ncel

Ja:n'ta:l

,Jd:«. ta'rel, Jaen-,

impneys 'tja^mp.niz imps Elysees Jamz.eVu.zei,

®

'tjzen.tid

-id

'tjam-ta"^

Jaem'plein; J5:(;'plu:/7 lake in US: J