84501-9200-9L-027 - R3 - Welding Procedure & Welder Performance Qualification [PDF]

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CONOCOPHILLIPS INDONESIA INC. LTD. PROJECTS DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER PERFORMANCE 84501 -9200-9L-027 3 QUALIFICATION

DATE

PAGE

26 Feb 04

2 of 17

REVISION CONTROL SHEET Latest Rev

DATE ISSUED

PREPARED

REVIEWED

APPROVED

COMMENTS

0

14 Aug 2002

Steve Malkin

Charlie Fox

Alistair McIntosh

Issued For Use

1

3 Feb 2003

2

31 July 2003

3

26 Feb 04

th

Steve Malkin

Charlie Fox

Alistair McIntosh

Joe Kiefer

Charlie Fox

Alistair McIntosh

Charlie Fox

R. Burn

Cino Calfino

Revisions to : 1.2 Applicable Codes 3.7 Required Test Specimens Sections 3.9.1, 3.9.3 & 3.9.4 revised Sections 1.2, Sections 3.3.9 & 3.3.10, 3.6.4 & 4.2 added

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CONOCOPHILLIPS INDONESIA INC. LTD. PROJECTS DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER PERFORMANCE 84501 -9200-9L-027 3 QUALIFICATION

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.

INTRODUCTION

4

2.

WELDING PROCESSES AND CONSUMABLES

5

3.

WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION

7

4.

WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR QUALIFICATION

12

5.

QUALIFICATION WITNESSING

13

FIGURE 1

14

FIGURE 2

15

TABLE 1

16

TABLE 2

17

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CONOCOPHILLIPS INDONESIA INC. LTD. PROJECTS DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER PERFORMANCE 84501 -9200-9L-027 3 QUALIFICATION

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INTRODUCTION 1.1

Scope This specification defines the minimum technical requirements for the Welding Procedure & Welder Performance Qualification. Contractor shall obtain Company written approval for any deviations from the requirements of this Specification or specifications, standards and drawings referenced herein or elsewhere in the Contract. This document and the codes, specifications and referenced documents listed in 1.2 below are not intended to be all-inclusive. The requirements set forth do not relieve Contractor of his responsibility to perform all services in a safe manner, to meet applicable codes and standards, to comply with government regulations or to supply a product capable of performing its intended service.

1.2

Codes, Specifications, And References The latest editions of all applicable codes, specifications and references shall define the minimum requirements applicable to the subject work and no statement contained in this Specification shall be construed as limiting the work to such minimum requirements. Welding terms and definitions shall be in accordance with AWS A3.0-94. Product designations are given to describe materials and may not include all acceptable products. Wherever conflicts or omissions between codes, specifications and contract occur, the most onerous condition shall apply. Contractor is responsible for reviewing the list below and informing the Company of any omissions. All conflicts shall be formally brought to the attention of the Company. Applicable Codes API RP 2A-WSD

Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms Working Stress Design, Twentieth Edition, July 1, 1993

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CONOCOPHILLIPS INDONESIA INC. LTD. PROJECTS DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER PERFORMANCE 84501 -9200-9L-027 3 QUALIFICATION

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API 1104 : 1999

Welding of Pipelines & Related Facilities

API – RP 582

Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil and Gas Industries

ASME Section IX

Welding and Brazing Qualifications

ASTM A370-97a

Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products

ASTM E92-82

Standard Test Method for Vickers Hardness of Metallic Materials

AWS D1.1

Structural Welding Code – Steel

AWS A3.0-94

Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including Terms for Brazing, Soldering, Thermal Spraying and Thermal Cutting

BS EN 287 part 1

Approval for testing of welders for fusion welding

API RP14E

Recommended Practice and Supplementary Welding Guidelines for the Chemical, Oil and Gas Industries

DNV OS - FS101

Submarine Pipeline Systems

Company Specifications 84501-9290-6L-002 Welding & Fabrication Offshore Structures 2.

WELDING PROCESSES AND COMSUMABLES 2.1

The following are the only pre-approved welding processes: SMAW

Shielded metal arc welding

SAW

Submerged arc welding

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CONOCOPHILLIPS INDONESIA INC. LTD. PROJECTS DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER PERFORMANCE 84501 -9200-9L-027 3 QUALIFICATION

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FCAW -G

Flux cored arc welding - gas shielded

FCAW -SS

Flux cored arc welding - self shielded

GMAW

Gas Metal Arc Welding

GTAW

Gas tungsten arc welding

2.2

Gas metal arc welding with the short circuit transfer mode (GMAW -S) is normally not acceptable for structural welding; however, the process may only be used with approval by the responsible Company representative and will only be approved for specific applications for a single project. GMAW is not acceptable as the primary welding process, but may be considered for root passes if completely removed or re-melted by subsequent welding methods. GMAW may be used for seal welding and for non-structural appurtenances with wall thicknesses 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) and less.

2.3

Contractor may propose an alternative welding process in addition to those listed above. Any submitted process shall require written Company approval.

2.4

Contractor shall submit and obtain approval on a procedure for maintaining proper storage, control, and identification of welding consumables.

2.5

After opening shipping containers, all SAW flux shall be held at a temperature greater than 250°F (121°C) unless used immediately. SAW flux may be recycled provided the reused flux is free from slag, mill scale, and other foreign matter. Flux not returned to the flux hopper while still warm shall be dried before reuse. With the exception of recovery systems that immediately return flux to the hopper, recycled flux shall be sieved, dried at a temperature greater than 250°F (121°C) for 24 hours or 500°F (260°C) for one hour, and mixed with an equal amount of new flux before use. Re-crushed slag shall not be used.

2.6

All weld areas shall be adequately protected from wind and moisture throughout welding. Maximum air velocity for welding processes shall be limited as follows: shielded metal arc self-shielded flux core gas shielded processes

20 mph (32 km/hr); 20 mph (32 km/hr); 5 mph (8 km/h).

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CONOCOPHILLIPS INDONESIA INC. LTD. PROJECTS DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER PERFORMANCE 84501 -9200-9L-027 3 QUALIFICATION

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WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION 3.1

Unless otherwise noted in referencing Company specifications, prequalified welding procedures shall not be permitted. Procedures previously qualified by Contractor and meeting all the requirements of this specification may be submitted for evaluation by Company. Only welding procedures approved by Company shall be used for production welding.

3.2

For all new procedure qualification tests, Contractor shall submit a Proposed Procedure Qualification Record (pPQR), and obtain approval from the responsible Company engineer before commencement of the qualification tests. The pPQR should be similar to a Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) and reflect anticipated welding parameters and conditions. Material test certificates and typical welding consumable test certificates or other background information shall be provided.

3.3

Essential Variables 3.3.1 Essential variables shall be those required by the applicable industry code (e.g., ASME Section IX or AWS D1.1) and the additional variables in TABLE 3. Any deviation from these variables shall require a new weld procedure be qualified. All essential variable tolerances listed as percentage variations apply to the actual qualified mean values recorded for each pass. 3.3.2 Test pieces for welding procedure qualifications shall be in accordance with the referencing Company specification and industry standard. 3.3.3 Test pieces for procedure qualification of carbon steel shall be selected from the higher range of carbon equivalents. All qualified procedures are based upon the carbon equivalent (Pcm) of the parent metal being defined as:

Pcm = C +

Si Mn + Cu + Cr Ni Mo V + + + + + 5B 30 20 60 15 10

Procedures shall be qualified for welding pro duction materials with a Pcm up to and including 0.02% higher than the qualification test material. Heat/ladle analysis may be used if approved by Company when product analysis is not reported. Paper Copies are UNCONTROLLED - Check with Document Control for latest available Revision – CONTROLLED copies should be RED stamped

CONOCOPHILLIPS INDONESIA INC. LTD. PROJECTS DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER PERFORMANCE 84501 -9200-9L-027 3 QUALIFICATION

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Use of higher Pcm steels will require a new welding procedure qualification. 3.3.4 Types of grooves and tolerances for drawing details and final fit-up of any welded joint shall conform to figure 3.4 of AWS D1.1. Joints which vary from these shall be referred to Company for approval or correction. Root openings for single sided welds without backing shall be =1/16 in. (1.6 mm). 3.3.5 Root and capping passes during qualification shall be made at a preheat temperature and heat input no higher than the lowest values specified for production welds. 3.3.6 The range of allowable thicknesses for qualification accordance with AWS D1.1 shall be limited to 3 in. (75 mm).

in

3.3.7 If interpass cleaning or grinding is to be used during WP Qualification, it must be detailed in the PWPS and shall be carried out for every pass. Capping pass shall not be cleaned or dressed to produce and acceptable profile before visual inspection. Welders performing Welder Qualification Test (WQT) shall only be permitted to carry out interpass cleaning or grinding as per the qualified WPS. 3.3.8 A temper-bead sequence shall not be used during procedure qualification to deliberately improve heat affected zone hardness. The final welding procedure cap pass shall be placed along the side of the weld so as to overlap onto the base metal. Production welds qualified may be made with or without temper beads. 3.3.9 All completed procedure welds shall be left in the “as welded” condition. Surface dressing and/or grinding on the cap may be allowed, only after visual acceptance of the completed weld by Company representative. 3.3.10 All NDT on pipeline welding procedure’s qualifications shall be carried out 48 hours after the completion of the weld 3.4

Fillet Weld Procedure Qualifications In addition to applicable Code requirements, procedure qualification for fillet welds not qualified by full penetra tion butt welds shall include a

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CONOCOPHILLIPS INDONESIA INC. LTD. PROJECTS DEPARTMENT SPECIFICATION TITLE DOCUMENT NUMBER REV WELDING PROCEDURE AND WELDER PERFORMANCE 84501 -9200-9L-027 3 QUALIFICATION

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hardness test and meet the requirements of paragraph 3.7.1 of this specification. The additional essential variables of Table 1 shall apply. 3.5

Weld Metal Buttering Procedure Qualifications If joint fit-up tolerances in production welds exceed those permitted, written weld buttering instructions shall be developed by Contractor for Company approval. These shall detail the complete base material preparation, welding, surface finishing, and inspection methods. Welding must comply with a Company approved WPS.

3.6

Acceptance Criteria for Weld Procedure Qualification Tests The completed weld shall be evaluated by the following in accordance with the acceptance criteria of the applicable code: 3.6.1 Visual inspection; 3.6.2 Radiography (ultrasonic approved by Company);

examination

when

specified

or

3.6.3 mechanical tests with supplemental tests of this specification. 3.6.4 The weld shall be free of cracks, incomplete penetration and burn through and must present a neat and workman like appearance. The maximum height of the reinforcement on the root or cap beads shall be shall be 1/8 " (3mm) The depth of undercutting adjacent to the root bead inside the pipe or final bead on the outside of the pipe shall be as follows:-

3.7

> 1/32 " (0.8mm) or 12.5% of pipe wall thickness whichever is smaller

Not Acceptable

> 1/64 " (0.4mm) or 6% of pipe wall thickness whichever is smaller

2 " (50mm) in any continuous 12 " (300mm) weld length or one sixth of the weld, whichever is smaller

< 1/64 " (0.4mm) or < 6% of pipe wall thickness whichever is smaller

Acceptable regardless of length

Required Test Specimens Unless exempted by the referencing Company specification (e.g. for vessels, skids, etc.), the requirements described below supplement those of the governing industry c ode requirements. Mechanical testing shall be carried out by a Company approved testing laboratory and witnessed by Company representative.

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3.7.1 For all weld procedures, the maximum hardness shall be determined using Vickers hardness tests (ASTM E92). The test load shall be less than or equal to 10 kg. Maximum acceptable hardness shown in TABLE 2 based upon carbon equivalent (Pcm) value for the parent steel. The allowable hardness in TABLE 2 may be increased 10 points for a test load of 5 kg. or less. Hardness tests shall be carried out as shown in Figure 1. If any individual hardness value exceeds the limit specified, two further sections shall be taken, both of which shall meet the specified requirements. TABLE 2 MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE HAZ HARDNESS Pcm %

Max. HV10

Pcm %

Max. HV10

=0.18

289

0.24

341

0.19 0.20 0.21

297 306 315

0.25 0.26 0.27

350 358 367

0.22

324

0.28

376

0.23

332

0.29 = 0.30

385 390

3.7.2 One weld area sample (including weld, HAZ, and parent metal) shall be ground, polished, and etched with a suitable etchant so as to clearly reveal the weld metal, fusion line, and HAZ microstructures under the microscope. 3.7.3 Rockwell and Brinell hardness tests are not acceptable. Conversions from Rockwell or Brinell hardness tests are not acceptable. 3.7.4 A photograph or photo macrograph of 1X to 3X magnifications clearly showing the hardness indentations, HAZ, and the weld zone shall be included in the test results. 3.7.5 When required by the referencing Company specification, Charpy V-notch testing shall be performed in accordanc e with ASTM A370. Weld metal, fusion line, and HAZ tests are required unless Company specifies a deviation due to specific site, environmental, or design applications. See Figure 2 for locations of Charpy test specimen.

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3.8

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Documentation for Welding Procedures All welding procedures shall be submitted and approved by Company prior to their use. This shall include a welding procedure specification (WPS), procedure qualification record (PQR), supporting documents for materials, NDT, and destructive tests. Contractor should provide, as a minimum, the items listed in the Recommended Welding Procedure Checklist shown in TABLE 2. This table lists most of the items necessary for a satisfactory welding procedure; however, it may not include all variables Contractor is required to provide by the applicable industry code or regulatory requirement for a specific application .

3.9

Supplementary Requirements for Welding Procedure Qualification of 22% and 25% Cr Duplex Stainless Steel. 3.9.1 Each electrode lot shall require a separate procedure qualification(s). A lot includes changes within the manufacturer’s brand and type of consumable. Such changes include material heat, flux batch, etc. 3.9.2 Welding procedures shall be qualified by separate test coupons welded at the lowest and highest heat input to be used in production. 3.9.3 The ferrite/austenite phase balance of the weld metal shall be measured by the point count method ASTM E 562 for the root, fill, and cap area of the weld cross section. The ferrite content shall be 30 to 55% in the weld metal. A magnetic ferrite gage shall be used to measure the percent ferrite on the cap of weld metal and be reported on the PQR for reference. Charpy impact tests shall be performed for detecting detrimental intermetallic phases in accordance with ASTM A923. The test temperature and acceptance criteria requirements shall comply with ASTM A923 Table 2. Weld metal and HAZ hardness for 22% Cr Duplex Stainless Steel shall not exceed 325 HV10. 3.9.4 Thin wall tubing shall only be welded with automatic welding equipment. 3.9.5 The 25% Cr Duplex Stainless Steel have a minimum Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number PRE(N) > 40, as defined by the equation PRE(N) = %Cr + (3.3 x %Mo) + 16 x %N. Weld metal

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and HAZ shall have an HRC 32 maximum and shall pass the ASTM G48 test at 40°C. 4.

WELDER AND WELDING OPERATOR QUALIFICATION 4.1

Welders shall be qualified by performing a Company approved procedure. Welder qualification tests shall be witnessed by Company and Contractor welding inspectors.

4.2

The welder qualification test shall meet the minimum requirements of BS EN 287 (Approval testing of welder for fusion welding)

4.3

In addition to the tests required by the applicable industry Code and the referencing Company specification, welder qualification for any portion of the test made by GMAW-S (short circuit metal transfer) shall include guided bend specimens. Qualification of GMAW -S by radiography only is not permitted.

4.4

Contractor may submit evidence of previous qualification to Company in accordance with the minimum requirements of this specification. All previously qualified welders and welding operators shall comply with the standard period of effectiveness of the applicable industry Code. For welders without prior experience on Company work, re-qualification and witnessing by Company representative may be required.

4.5

Contractor shall have qualification certificates for each qualified welder on file available for review by Company representative. Contractor shall maintain a current record for all welders employed giving the following information: 4.5.1 Welder's name and identifying number or symbol 4.5.2 Welding processes, procedures and positions for which each welder and welding operator is qualified 4.5.3 Dates of qualification 4.5.4 The welders being tested shall permanently mark, with paint stick or low stress metal stamp, each weld with his identifying mark.

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QUALIFICATION WITNESSING New qualification testing of procedures, welders, or welding operators shall be witnessed and approved by Company's representative. Testing shall not begin until adequate notice from Contractor is approved by Company.

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0.20 mm 0.50 mm

0.20 mm 0.50 mm

1.0 - 2.0 mm

1.0 - 2.0 mm 0.20 mm 0.50 mm

0.20 mm 0.50 mm

1.0 - 2.0 mm

Weld Metal 0.50 mm 0.75 mm 10 mm typical Fusion Line

HAZ

Base Metal

1.0 - 2.0 mm

NOTES: 1. Test load should be 10 kg or less. 2. Specimen shall be polished well enough to clearly show the fusion line. 3. Indentations to be located as shown on the figures and as detailed below: HAZ: Starting at 0.20 - 0.50 mm from the fusion line with three (3) indents at 0.50 - 0.75 mm intervals. Weld Metal: A minimum of three equally spaced indents for each hardness traverse. 4. Hardness traverse on fillet welds should be as detailed for T -connections above.

Figure 1 - Vickers hardness test locations.

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2 mm C L

LOCATION OF CHARPY TEST PIECES FOR ALL SINGLE SIDED GROVE WELDS

1-3 mm C L 2 mm

Fusion Line and Center of Weld At Cap and Root

LOCATION OF CHARPY TEST PIECES FOR ALL DOUBLE SIDEDGROVE WELDS

Heat Affected Zone: 2 mm from Fusion Line At Cap and Root 2 mm

C L C L

C L 1-3 mm C L

Fusion Line and Center of Weld At Cap and Root

LOCATION OF CHARPY TEST PIECES FOR ALL 6GR GROVE WELDS

2 mm

Heat Affected Zone: 2 mm from mmRoot Fusion Line At Cap2and

C L

C L 1-3 mm

C L

Fusion Line and Center of Weld At Cap and Root

C L

Heat Affected Zone: 2 mm from Fusion Line At Cap and Root

Figure 2 - Charpy impact test locations. For base material thicknesses less than 19 mm (3/4 in.) only root locations tests are requires.

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TABLE 1 ESSENTIAL VARIABLES SUPPLEMENTAL TO GOVERNING INDUSTRY STANDARD Essential Variable

SMAW

SAW

GMAW

Base Metal Steel Yield Strength Carbon Equivalent, Pcm Joint Design Groove angle Root opening Root face

FCAW

GTAW

Increas e SMYS > 10% Increase > 0.02% +10 °, - 5° from actual qualified, or per AWS D 1.1 Figure 3.4 ±1/ 16“ from actual qualified, or per AWS D 1.1 Figure 3.4 1 ± / 16 " from actual qualified, or per AWS D 1.1 Fig. 3.4; 1/1 6" min. for single-side welds & no backing

Filler Metals AWS Consumable Class. Brand/Trade Name Diameter

> 1/32” increase

No change No change Any increase or decrease No change

Any increase

Manufacturer Sh ielding Gas Flow rate

Any increase

> 1/16” increase or decrease

> 50% increase or decrease

Electrical Characteristics Polarity Amperage or wire feed speed Travel Speed Voltage

N/A

±2 volts

No change ±10% ±15% or, run-out-length ±10% ±2 volts ±2 volts (±1 volt for FCAW- SS)

Energy Input1

±2 volts

±25%2

Technique Position Pass sequence, and direction

As qualified As qualified

For a specific groove or proportional to other groove areas

±25%

Deposit thickness limit

GMAW-S Increase > 10%

Preheat Temperature

Reduction > 25°F(14°C)

Interpass Temperature

Increase > 100°F (38°C); 600°F max. (316°C)

Weld Groove Surface Condition Coatings / weldable primers

Addition

Grinding

As qualified

Backing and Back Gouging

Deletion

3

Other Variables Arc Spacing Arc Angle

N/A N/A

Stick out maximum

N/A

±10% from qualified ±3° in travel direction ±5° normal to travel As qualified ±1/4"

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

N/A N/A

As qualified ±1/8"

As qualified ±1/8"

N/A

1. Energy input = Amperes x Volts x 60 / Travel Speed 2. Fill and cap passes may be lumped together for computing heat input ranges. 3. N/A = Not applicable for these processes.

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TABLE 2 RECOMMENDED WELDING PROCEDURE CHECKLIST PQR

WPS

Supplemental WFS Company Requirements Description

Base Metals Material test certificate Y P-No. qualified Y For ASME based procedures Group No. Y For ASME based procedures Thickness qualified Y Pcm limit Y Maximum increase = base metal Pcm +0.02% Yield Strength Y Maximum increase = SMYS base material +10% Joints Groove type/angle tested Y range qualified Y +°10, -5°, or per AWS D1.1 Figure 3.4 Root face tested Y range qualified Y ±1/16, or per AWS D1.1 Figure 3.4 Root gap tested range qualified Y Y ±1/16, or per AWS D1.1 Figure 3.4, 1/16 in. min. for single-side welds & no backing Surface Conditioning Grinding Y Y As qualified; includes interpass grinding Coating/weldable primers Y Y No addition without qualification Filler Metals F-No./A-No. Y For ASME procedures Filler metal class Y Y No change Flux/wire class Y Y ± Powder Y Y Deposit Thickness Y For ASME based procedures and all GMAW- S deposits Thickness qualified Y For ASME based procedures and all GMAW- S deposits Manufacturer’s brand & type Y Y No change Diameters Y Y Per Table 1 Position Position qualified Y Y Vertical progression Y Y Preheat / Interpass Preheat tested Y Actual measured at start of each pass adjacent to weld Preheat qualified Y No decrease > 25°F (38°C); 600°F max. (316°C) Interpass temp. tested Y Interpass temp. max. Y PWHT PWHT (also T&T range) Y Y Welding Variables Polarity Y Y No change GMAW transfer mode Y Y Amps tested Y Average for each pass range qualified Y ±10% Volts tested Y Average for each pass range qualified Y ±2V (±1V for FCAW- SS) Travel speed tested Y Average for each pass range qualified Y ±15% (Run- out length limited to ±10%) Heat input tested Y WE = amps x volts x 60 / travel speed range qualified Y ±25% Techniques Weld metal thickness (short circuit) Y Maximum increase = 1.1 x tested thickness Multi to single pass/side Y Single to multi electrodes Y ±25% proportional to groove size Pass sequence (sketch provided) Y Y Deletion of backing or gouging Y Y Tube-work distance tested Y Y SAW ±¼ in., others ±_in. Electrode angle (machine) Y Y ±3° in travel direction; ±5° normal to travel Electrode spacing Y Y SAW ±10 from qualified Gas Single, mixture, or % Y Y Flow rate tested Y Y ±50% Backing change or < flow rate Y Y Destructive Charpy Y (check test temperature, energy, notch location) Weld surface Y Weld root Y FL surface Y FL root Y HAZ +2mm surface Y HAZ +2mm root Y Hardness survey Y (check position from fusion line and indentation locations on photo) Macro Photo Y Transverse tensile Y No weld metal failures; adequate yield and tensile strength in base metal failure Bends Y Non-destructive Tests CONOCO witness Y Radiography test report Y Note: Check boxes "Y" indicates the documents (PQR, WPS, or both) in which the listed information should be reported.

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