013 NDT-UT TSE API 1104 - Rev 00-2-21 [PDF]

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

SUMMARY OF REVISION SHEET This page is a record of all revisions of the procedure and the following revision (s) has (have) been made to this procedure.

REV.

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All

DESCRIPTION First issue

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Daftar Isi Par. Uraian

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 18

Tujuan Ruang Lingkup Persyaratan Keselamatan Referensi Definisi-definisi Kualifikasi dan Tanggung Jawab Perlengkapan

Persiapan Permukaan Couplant Instrument Linearity Kalibrasi Jarak Sensitivity Reference Standard Scanning Techniques Angle Beam ( Scanning Pattern ) Sizing Testing Temperature Standard Keberterimaan Klasifikasi indikasi Standard keberterimaan API 104 Standard keberterimaan ASME B31.8 Dokumentasi Ultrasonic Report Figure 21 A of API 1104 – Reference Block for Manual UT Figure 21B of API 1104 – Establishing Distance Amplitude Correction Figure 21C of API 1104 – Transfer Correction Value Procedure Table A2.1. Alternative Reference Block untuk Manual UT Table 2. Procedures Recommended for Common Weld Configuration Table. Amplitude Control Linearity Calibration Report

Table of Content Par.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 18

Description

Purpose General Safety Requirements References Definitions Qualification and Responsibility Equipment(s)

Surface Preparation Couplant Instrument Linearity Sweep Range Calibration Sensitivity Reference Standard Scanning Techniques Angle Beam ( Scanning Pattern ) Sizing Testing Temperature Acceptance Standard Classification of Indication Acceptance Standards API 104 Acceptance Standards ASME B31.8 Documentation Ultrasonic Report Figure 21 A of API 1104 – Reference Block for Manual UT Figure 21B of API 1104 – Establishing Distance Amplitude Correction Figure 21C of API 1104 – Transfer Correction Value Procedure Table A2.1. Alternative Reference Block untuk Manual UT Table 2. Procedures Recommended for Common Weld Configuration Table. Amplitude Control Linearity Calibration Report

Page 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 11 11 11 11 11 11 12 14 15 16 17 17 18 18 19 20 21

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 1 1.1

1.2

2 2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

a.

Tujuan Procedure ini sebagai petunjuk dan standard keberterimaan untuk pengujian ultrasonic kontak manual untuk pengelasan pada pipa Prosedur ini terdiri dari versi Inggris dan Indonesia, jika ada konflik antara keduanya maka versi Inggris yang dipakai

1 1.1

Ruang Lingkup Procedure ini cocok untuk sambungan butt weld, kalau procedure ini digunakan selain sambungan butt weld, harus di demostrasikan keakuratan hasilnya termasuk personnel NDE yang melakukan pengujian Utrasonic. Harus hati-hati kalau procedure ini digunakan pada inspeksi lasan yang sudah dipakai karena potensi cacat material induk dan permukaan bisa mengganggu penggunaan teknik ultrasonic. Semua permukaan yang diultrasonic harus dalam kondisi tidak tertutup coating. Lasan pipa harus digerinda rata dengan permukaan pipa dengan jarak yang cukup. Demonstrasi procedure testing Sebelum aproval tertulis, company harus meminta contractor untuk mendemonstrasikan semua yang ada di procedure dan sistem ultrasonic. Laporan demonstrasi harus dibuat dan hasilnya didokumentasikan sebelum digunakan pada lasan di lapangan. Proses demonstrasi seperti berikut : Harus dipersiapkan sample lasan dengan defect dan cacat yang acceptable dari material pipa produksi menggunakan welding procedure spesifikasi yang diapprove. Perubahan wall thickness , bevel design, acoustic velocity, welding process, repair welds, dan variable lain yang menyebabkan pengaruh kemmampuan deteksi dan resolusi pada sistem harus perlu demonstrasi las tambahan dari welding procedure spesifikasi yang diapprove. Lasan Welder qualification boleh digunakan

2 2.1

1.2

2.2

2.3

2.4

a.

Purpose This procedure provides the requirements and acceptance standards for the manual contact ultrasonic examination for production welds on piping. This procedure consists of English and Indonesian versions, should there is conflict between these versions the English version shall govern. Scope This procedure is applicable for butt weld joints, should this procedure be applied other than butt weld joints, it shall be demonstrated for accurate results including individual NDE performing Ultrasonic Examination. Caution is advised when this procedure is applied to in-service weld inspection due to potensial parent material and surface imperfections that can interfere with the use of the ultrasonic technique. All surfaces to be ultrasonically shall be in the uncoated condition. Pipe seams shall be ground flush with the pipe surface for the distance necessary for ultrasonic scanning. Demonstration of testing procedure Prior the written approval, the company shall require the contactor to demonstrate the application of the procedure and ultrasonic systems. A procedure demonstration report shall be generated and the results documented prior to use on the actual field welds. The demonstration process shall be as follows : Welds containing defects and acceptable imperfections shall be prepared from actual production pipe material samples utilizing an approved welding procedure specification. Change in wall thickness , bevel design, acoustic velocity, welding process, repair welds, and other variables that can have an affect on the detecability and resolution of the system shall require additional demonstration welds from other corresponding approved welding procedure. Welder qualification weld may be used.

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 b.

Radiography harus dibuat dari lasan dan asilnya didokumentasikan. Ultrasonic testing procedure harus diaplikasikan, dalam range temperatur, dan hasilnya didokumentasikan dan di bandingkan dengan radiography. Perbedaan pada hasil deteksi harus didokumentasikan (perbedaan pada detecability dan resolution antara ultrasonic and radiography dicatat). Jika diperlukan company, destructive testing dari sample lasan harus dibuat untuk menemukan atau konfirmasi method / technique / system dengan hasilnya. Menggunakan ultrasonic testing procedure pada lasan produksi harus didasarkan pada kemampuan dari implementasi ultrasonic testing : 1. lokasi circumferential 2. ukuran atau panjang 3. menentukan kedalaman dari OD surface, dan 4. lokasi imperfection / defects axially ( weld cross section ) diperlukan pada test samples.

b.

3 3.1

Persyaratan Keselamatan Peraturan safety PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG harus ditaati selama dalam pengujian.

3 3.1

3.2

SAFETY ( S.H.E INSTRUCTION )

3.2

c.

d.

e.

c.

d.

e.

required imperfection / defects in the test samples.

Waspada benda berbahaya sekitar tempat kerja Berhenti kerja dan lapor ke client an supervisor untuk tempat kerja yang tidak aman

Pakai alat pengaman ketinggian jika kerja diatas 2 m Pungut sampah dan buang ditempat yang tersedia Jangan membuang pelumas, oli atau cairan bekas test ke lantai

4.2

PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG Written Practice Procedure API 1104, 2013 – 21st Edition, Welding of

Safety Requirements PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG’s safety regulation shall be followed during examination. SAFETY ( S.H.E INSTRUCTION ) Always use PPE such as Safety shoes, hand glove, safety glass, and helmet. Watch out for slippery and falling object. Watch out for the hazard around the areas. Stop the activities and report to client and supervisor for unsafe working condition. Use fall protection equipment if working above 2 m. Collect all waste and put it in agreed place.

Waspada tempat yang licin dan benda jatuh

Referensi

Use the ultrasonic testing procedure on production welding shall be based on the capability of the implemented ultrasonic testing : 1. circumferential locate 2. size or length 3. determine depth from OD surface, and 4. axially ( weld cross section ) locate

Selalu menggunakan PPE such as Safety shoes, hand glove, safety glass, and helmet.

4 4.1

Radiographs shall be made of the welds and the results documented The ultrasonic testing procedure shall be applied, within the detailed temperature ranges, and the results documented and compared with radiographs. Differences in detection results shall be documented. (differences in detecability and resolution between ultrasonics and radiography shall be noted). If required by company, destructive testing of the weld sample shall be made to discover or confirm the method / technique / systems to results.

Do not expose any lubricant, oil or test fluid to the ground.

4 4.1 4.2

References PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG’s Written Practice Procedure API 1104, 2013 – 21st Edition, Welding of

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

4.3 4.4 4.5

5 5.1

Pipeline dan Related Facilities.(SNI 133472-2002), ERATA-1, 2, 3 dan Addendum 2014. ASME BPV Section V, Article 4, 2015 Edition ANSI B31.8, 2016; Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASTM E 164; Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Contact Examination of Weldments, 2013 Edition Definisi–Definisi Company : Owner company atau enginnering agency yang terlibat dalam konstruksi. Note : company bisa menyerahkannya

kepada seorang inspector representative yang diberi wewenang.

5.2

4.3 4.4 4.5

5 5.1

atau

Pipeline and Related Facilities. (SNI 133472-2002), ERATA-1, 2, 3 and Addendum 2014. ASME BPV Section V, Article 4, 2015 Edition ANSI B31.8, 2016; Gas Transmission and Distribution Piping Systems ASTM E 164; Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Contact Examination of Weldments, 2013 Edition Definitions Company : Owner company or enginnering agency in charge of construction Note : a company may act through an inspector or another authorized representative. Contractor : that which includes the primary contractor dan subcontractors enganged in work covered by this standard. Primary reference response (level): the ultrasonic response from the basic calibration reflector at the specified sound path distance, electronically adjusted to a specified percentage of the full screen height. DAC: Distance Amplitude Correction curve. Search Unit (Probe): an electro acoustic device used to transmit or receive ultrasonic energy. Transducer: an electro acoustical device for converting electrical energy into acoustical energy and vice versa. Probe or transducer will be used in this procedure with the same meaning.

Contractor : termasuk contractor utama dan subcontractor yang terlibat dalam pekerjaan yang dicover di standard ini. Primary reference response (level): respon dari ultrasonic dari refector di blok kalibrasi pada jarak sound path tertentu, secara electronic di atur sampai persen tertentu dari full screen height.

5.2

5.4 5.5

DAC: Distance Amplitude Correction kurva.

5.4 5.5

5.6

Transducer: sebuah alat electro acoustical untuk merubah energi listrik ke energi getaran dan sebaliknya. Probe atau transducer akan digunakan didalam prosedur ini dengan pengertian yang sama.

5.6

5.7

Kalibrasi: hubungan dari respon sistem ultrasonic dengan kalibrator. Straight beam: sebuah gelombang getaran pulsa yang berjalan normal (tegak lurus) dengan permukaan yang di tes. Angle beam: terminology dipakai untuk menyatakan sudut datang atau pembiasan selain tegak lurus dengan permukaan yang di tes, hanya beam sudut gelombang shear yang digunakan dalam prosedur ini. Qualifikasi dan Tanggung Jawab Personel yang melakukan pengujian harud dikualifikasi berdasarkan PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG

5.7

Calibration: correlation of the ultrasonic system respond(s) with calibration reflector(s)

5.8

Straight beam: a vibrating pulse wave train travelling normal to the test surface.

5.9

Angle beam: a term used to describe an angle of incidence or refraction other than normal to the surface of the test object, only angle beam shear waves shall be used in this procedure. Qualification and Responsibility Personnel conducting the examination shall be qualified in accordance with PT. TERRA SAMUDRA ENG‘s

5.3

5.8

5.9

6 6.1

Probe (Probe): sebuah alat electro acoustic digunakan untuk meneruskan atau menerima ultrasonic energy.

5.3

6 6.1

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 Written Practice Procedure

Written Practice Procedure.

6.2

Personel yang menentukan keberterimaan sesuai persyaratan prosedur iniharus level II atau III

6.2

Personnel determining the acceptability to the requirements of this procedure shall be Level II or Level III.

7 7.1

Perlengkapan Ultrasonic Flaw Detector analog or digital bisa digunakan, BNC atau Lemo 1 di unit peralatan. Ukuran transduser: maksimum ½” x ½” (probe sudut) dan 1” (probe normal)

7 7.1

Equipment(s) Ultrasonic Flaw Detector analog or digital may used, BNC or Lemo 1 connectors attached in Unit. Transducers Size : Maximum 1/2” x 1/2” (Angle Probe) and 1” (Normal Probe)

Tipe probe Straight Beam untuk laminasi :

7.3 a.

7.2 7.3 a.

7.2

MB 2-E atau MB 4-E atau setara untuk ketebalan sampai dengan 1” (25.4 mm) dan lebih. MSEB 2-E atau MSEB 4-E untuk ketebalan sampai 1” (25.4 mm) atau setara.

b.

Angle Beam : a. MWB 450 - 2 MHz sampai 4 MHz atau setara b. MWB 600 - 2 MHz sampai 4 MHz atau setara c. MWB 700 - 2 MHz samapi 4 MHz atau setara Probe untuk pengujian harus dipilih sepert pada Table 2.

b.

Kalibrasi dan Reference Standard Block : Calibration Blocks : IIW - V1, V2 or DC Block.

7.4

b.

Standard Reference Block - - Figures 21 A, Figures 21B, Figures 21C harus ada N 10 notch dan side drilled hole seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Table A2.1 (ASTM – E 164)

b.

7.5

Kabel: MPKL atau setara

7.5

c.

7.4 a.

8

Persiapan Permukaan Permukaan dimana transduser ditempatkan harus bebas dari spatter, scale, karat dan cat dimana dapat mengganggu transmisi gelombang ultrasonic. Permukaaan lasan harus cukup rata untuk menghindari gangguan terhadap pengujian. Lasan harus dipersiapkan sesuai yang

c.

a.

8

Type of Probe : Straight Beam for lamination : MB 2-E or MB 4-E or Equivalent for thickness up to 1” (25.4 mm) and more. MSEB 2-E or MSEB 4-E for thickness up to 1” (25.4 mm) or Equivalent. Angle Beam : a. MWB 450 - 2 MHz To 4 MHz or Equivalent b. MWB 600 - 2 MHz To 4 MHz or Equivalent c. MWB 700 - 2 MHz T0 4 MHz or Equivalent Probe for examination shall be selected as shown in Table 2. Calibration and Standard Reference Block: Calibration Blocks : IIW - V1, V2 or DC Block. Standard Reference Block - Figures 21 A, Figures 21B, Figures 21C shall contain N 10 notches and side drilled hole as shown in Table A2.1 ( ASTM – E 164 ) Cables : MPKL or equivalent Surface Preparation Surface where transducer is placed shall be free of weld spatter, scale, rust and painting that might interfere with transmission ultrasonic waves. Weld surface shall be adequately smooth to prevent interferes with the examination. The weld shall be prepared as needed to permit

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 diperlukan dalam pengujian. 9

Couplant CMC / Methylant, Light Oil Machine / S. A. E 40 atau Grease.

10 10.1 a.

b.

c. d.

10.2 a.

b.

examination. 9

Couplant CMC / Methylant, Light Oil Machine / S. A. E 40 or Grease.

Instrument Linearity 10 10.1 Screen Height Linearity a. Posisikan probe sudut pada basic calibration block sehingga muncul indikasi dari dari side drilled hole ½T and ¾T basic calibration block. Atur posisi dari probe sehingga perbandingan amplitude aantara dua indikasi tersebut 2 : 1, yang mana indikasi yang besar di set 80% full screen height. Tanpa menggerakkan probe , dengan menggunakan gain disetting atur berurutan indikasi yang besar dari 100% sampai 20% full screen height, dengan kenaikkan 10% ( atau 2 dB step jika pengaturan yang lebih kecil tidak ada ), dan baca indikasi yang kecil. b. Pembacaan dari indikasi yang kecil harus 50% dari yang amplitud besar, dalam range 5% full screen height. c. Seting dan pembacaan harus di estimasi mendekati 1% of full screen height. d. Sebagai alternative, bisa menggunakan probe normal pada basic calibration block yang bisa memunculkan beda amplitude indikasi, dengan jarak kedua indikasi yang cukup untuk menjaga tidak overlapping.

Instrument Linearity Screen Height Linearity Position an angle beam search on the basic calibration block until so that indications can be observed from both the ½T and ¾T side drilled holes in a basic calibration block. Adjust the search unit position to give a 2 : 1 ration of amplitudes between the two indications, with the larger set 80% of full screen height. Without moving the search unit, adjust sensitivity (gain) to successively set the larger indication from 100% to 20% of full screen height, in 10% increments (or 2dB steps if a fine control is not available), and read the smaller indication at each setting. The reading of the smaller indication shall be 50% of the larger amplitude, within 5% of full screen height. The settings and readings must be estimated to the nearest 1% of full screen height. Alternatively, straight beam search unit may be used on any basic calibration block which will provide amplitude differences, with sufficient indication separation to prevent overlapping of the two indications.

10.2 Amplitude Control Linearity (Lihat Table Amplitude Control Linearity) a. Ultrasonic instrument harus mempunyai amplitude control yang akurat dalam range ±20% dari perbandingan nominal amplitude, untuk memungkinkan pengukuran indikasi diluar linear range dari vertical display pada screen. b. Posisikan probe sudut pada basic calibration block sehingga muncul indikasi tertinggi pada screen dari side drilled hole ½T. Dengan menaikkan dan menurukkan attenuasi kontrol yang tertera pada Table “

Amplitude Control Linearity (See Table Amplitude Control Linearity) The ultrasonic instrument shall utilize an amplitude control accurate over its useful range ±20% of the nominal amplitude ratio, to allow measurement of indications beyond the linear range of the vertical display on the screen. Position an angle beam search unit so that the indication from ½T hole in a basic calibration block is peaked on the screen. With the increases and decreases in attenuation control shown in The Table “

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Amplitude Control Linearity ” indikasi harus dalam batas range yang sudah ditentikan. c. Reflector lainnya yang cocok bisa digunakan dengan probe sudut ataupun probe normal.

Amplitude Control Linearity ” , the indication must fall within the specified limits. c. Other convenient reflectors from any calibration block may be used with angle or straight beam search units. Jangka waktu Kalibrasi 10.3 Frequency of Calibration The calibration of screen height and Kalibrasi screen height linearity dan amplitude linearity shall be performed at amplitude control linearity harus intervals time not exceed 3 months for dilaksanakan pada interval waktu tidak analog type instruments and one year for lebih dari 3 bulan untuk type analog dan digital type instruments, or prior to first use satu tahun untuk type digital atau pada thereafter. setiap pemakaian awal setelahnya.

10.3

11

Kalibrasi Jarak Penentuan range dengan menggunakan blok IIW V1 dan V2 untuk menentukan range sound path actual 2 leg + reinforcement specimen. Pengaturan sweep length dan sweep delay untuk mendapatkan lokasi pulsa secara tepat pada garis dasar dari screen

12 12.1

11

Sweep Range Calibration Determine Range with use IIW V1 and V2 Block to a designated range of Actual Sound Path 2 Legs + Reinforcement of Test Specimen. Adjust Sweep Length and Sweep Delay to obtain an exact pulse location on base line of screen.

Sensitivity Reference Standard 12 Straight Beam 12.1 Pengujian denagn probe normal harus dilaksanakan pada material induk harus dengan second backwall echo dari reference

Sensitivity Reference Standard Straight Beam : The compression wave testing of parent material shall be performed with the second backwall echo from the reference standard ( see figure 21A ) adjusted to at least 80% of full screen height. Angle Beam Distance-Amplitude Correction( DAC ) : Position the search unit ( see Fig. 21B ) for maximum response : - from inside notch of block Adjust the sensitivity control to provide 80% ( 5% of full screen height ) Mark the peak of the indication on the screen. Record the dB

standard ( lihat Figure 21A ) diatur pada minimum 80% full screen height.

12.2 a.

b.

c.

d.

Angle Beam Koreksi Jarak-Amplitudo ( 12.2 DAC ) : Posisi dari probe ( lihat Fig. 21B ) untuk a. respon maksimum : - dari notch sisi dalam dari block Atur sensitivity untuk menghasilkan b. indikasi 80% ( 5% tinggi full screen ) Tandai ujung indikasi pada screen. Catat dB nya. Atur sensitivity control untuk c. menghasilkan indikasi 40% dari tinggi full screen atau 50% DAC (5%), dengan mengurangi 6 dB dari referensi level. Tandai ujung indikasi pada screen Atur sensitivity control untuk d. menghasilkan indikasi 16% dari tinggi full screen atau 20% DAC (5%), dengan

Adjusting the sensitivity control to provide 40% of full screen height or 50 % DAC (5%) , by reducing 6 dB from the reference level.

Mark the peak of the indications on the screen. Adjusting the sensitivity control to provide 16% of full screen height or 20 % DAC (5%), by reducing 14 dB from the

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 mengurangi 14 dB dari referensi level. Tandai ujung indikasi pada screen e.

Tanpa merubah pengaturan Control Range, Atur sensitivity control terhadap referensi level, maka posisikan dari probe adalah maksimum respon notch sisi luar dari block ( full skip ) f. Ulangi langkah ( b ) , ( c ) dan ( d ) diatas. g. Tanpa merubah pengaturan Control Range, Atur sensitivity control terhadap referensi level, maka posisikan dari probe adalah maksimum respon notch sisi dalam dari block ( full dan setengah skip ) h. Ulangi langkah ( b ) , ( c ) dan ( d ) diatas. i. Hubungkan tanda–tanda di screen untuk menghasilkan distance amplitude curve (DAC). j. Point tertinggi dari DAC / TCG tidak boleh kurang dari 80% full screen height. Reference standard juga digunakan untuk menentukan velocity dari sound beam, sudut probe, dan jarak sound path dalam material pipa yang diinspeksi. Velocity dari sound beam, dan sudut probe harus ditentukan jika lasan pada pipa yang beda specifikasi kimianya, wall thickness, diameter, atau dari lebih dari satu pabrik pembuat pipa dan rolling atau prosesnya yang diinspeksi. Hal ini bisa dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua probe yang ber –hadap2 an ( lihat Figure 21 C ). Jika ada perbedaan pada velocity, sudut, jarak sound path , maka reference standard harus dibuat dari material pipa yang berbeda. k.

l.

m.

Semua probe harus ditetapkan sedikitnya 80% full screen height (FSH) dari notch dalam (sensitivity level) + dB transfer nilai koreksi = reference level. Pengujian lasan dengan ultrasonic manual harus dilakukan dengan sensitivity scanning 100% DAC (100 % reference level) ditambah minimum 6 dB. Semua indikasi yang melebihi 50% DAC harus dievaluasi.

reference level. Mark the peak of the indications on the screen. e. Without changing the Range Control adjustment, adjusting the sensitivity control to the reference level, then position the search unit for maximum response from outside notch of block ( full skip ) f. Repeat the step ( b ) , ( c ) and ( d ) above. g. Without changing the Range Control adjustment, adjusting the sensitivity control to the reference level, then position the search unit for maximum response from inside notch of block ( full and half skip ) h. Repeat the step ( b ) , ( c ) and ( d ) above. i. Connect the screen marks to provide the distance amplitude (DAC) curve. j.

k.

l.

m.

The higest point of the DAC / TCG shall not be less than 80% of full screen height. The reference standard shall also be used to determine the actual sound beam velocity, refracted angle and sound path distance in the pipe material to be inspected. Unkonown velocity and refracted angle shall be determined when welds in pipe of different chemistry specifications, wall thickness, diameter or from more than one pipe and rolling or piercing manufacturer are to be inspected. This may be accomplished by using two probes directed toward one another. ( see Figure 21 C ). When a difference is noted in velocity, angle, sound path distance, another reference standard shall be made from the different pipe material. All search unit shall be established at least 80% of Full Screen Height (FSH) of inside notch (Sensitivity Level) + dB Transfer Correction Value = Reference level. Manual Ultrasonic weld testing shall be performed at a scanning sensitivity of 100% DAC (100% Reference Level) plus 6 dB minimum. All indications that exceed 50% of DAC shall be evaluated.

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 13

Teknik Scanning Scaning harus cukup untuk melakukan cakupan 100% pada sensitivitas pemeriksaan yang merata pada area uji.

13

Scanning Techniques The scanning shall be adequate to provide 100% coverage at uniform examination sensitivity of area being examined.

14 14.1

Angle Beam (Scanning Pattern ) : Gerakan pola scanning untuk mendeteksi diskontinuitas longitudinal adalah dari 2 sisi permukaan daerah las dan juga dari permukaan dalam jika bisa diakses, harus sejajar dengan sumbu las dan rotasi maksimum sudut 10 derajat dari garis normal probe ke sumbu pengelasan diperbolehkan Pola rotasi sudut probe maksimum 15 derajat untuk menemukan diskontinuitas melintang Overlap scanning probe maksimum 10 %, rata rata kecepatan scanning probe maksimum 150 mm/second.

14 14.1

Angle Beam ( Scanning Pattern ) : Scanning pattern movement to detect longitudinal discontinuities is from 2 surface sides of weld area and also from inside surface if accessible, it shall be parallel to the centreline of weld and rotation angle maximum 10 degrees from normal line of probe to centreline of weld is permitted.

14.2

Rotation angle probe pattern is maximum 15 degrees to locate transverse discontinuities. Scanning probe overlap is minimum 10%, the scanning rate of probe is maximum 150 mm / second.

Sizing Kedalaman: 2T - (SP x Cosine Used Angle of Probe), harus 2 Legs. Jarak indeks probe ke indikasi: SP x Sine Used Angle of Probe Panjang: 6 dB Amplitude drops

15 15.1

14.2

14.3

15 15.1 15.2 15.3 16

Testing Temperature Temperature ruangan maksimum sampai 1250C

17

14.3

15.2 15.3 16

Standard Keberterimaan 17 Umum Semua indikasi yang melebihi 50% DAC harus dievaluasi. 17.1 Klasifikasi indikasi 17.1 17.1.1 Indikasi yang dihasilkan oleh pengujian 17.1.1 ultrasonik belum tentu defect. Perubahan geometri lasan karena alignment offset ujung pipa berbatasan, perubahan dalam profil penguatan pengelasan dari root IDdan O.D. capping, chamfering internal, dan gelombang konversi mode ultrasonik karena kondisi tersebut dapat menyebabkan indikasi geometris yang mirip dengan yang disebabkan oleh ketidaksempurnaan lasan tetapi yang tidak relevan dengan penerimaan

Sizing Depth : 2T - (SP x Cosine Used Angle of Probe) , shall be 2 Legs. Distance of Probe Index to Indication : SP x Sine Used Angle of Probe Length : 6 dB Amplitude drops. Testing Temperature Ambient temperature up to 1250 C max.

Acceptance Standard General. All indications that exceed 50% of DAC shall be evaluated. Classification of Indication Indications produced by ultrasonic testing are not necessarily defects. Change in the weld geometry due to alignment offset of abutting pipe ends, changes in weld reinforcement profile of I.D. root and O.D. capping passes, internal chamfering, and ultrasonic wave mode conversion due to such conditions may cause geometric indications that are similar to those cause by weld imperfections but that are not relevant to acceptability.

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 17.1.2

Indikasi linier didefinisikan sebagai 17.1.2 indikasi dengan ukuran terbesar dalam arah panjang lasan. Tipikal indikasi linier dapat disebabkan oleh, tetapi tidak terbatas pada jenis berikut ketidaksempurnaan; kurang penetrasi tanpa high-low ( IP ), kurang penetrasi karena high low ( IPD ), inadequate cross penetration ( ICP ), incomplete fusion ( IF ), incomplete fusion due to cold lap ( IFD ), elongated slag inclusion (ESI), cracks (C), undercutting adjacent to the over pass ( EU ) or root pass ( IU ), and hollow bead porosity ( HB )

17.1.3

17.1.4

17.1.5

Indikasi Transverse didefinisikan sebagai 17.1.3 indikasi dengan ukuran terbesar di las.indikasi melintang Tipikal dapat disebabkan oleh, tetapi tidak terbatas, untuk jenis berikut ketidaksempurnaan: cracks ( C ), isolated slag, inclusions ( ISI ), and incomplete fusion due to cold lap (IFD) at start/stops in the weld passes. indikasi volumetrik didefinisikan sebagai 17.1.4 indikasi tiga-dimensi. indikasi tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh satu atau beberapa inklusi atau pori-pori. Rongga terisi sebagian, poripori, start/stop di pass lasan mungkin disebabkan indikasi yang lebih besar dalam arah melintang dibandingkan dari arah panjang lasan. Tipikal indikasi volumetrik dapat disebabkan oleh, tetapi tidak terbatas pada jenis berikut ketidaksempurnaan: internal concavity ( IC ), burn-through ( BT ), isolated slag inclusion ( ISI ), porosity ( P ), and cluster porosity ( CP ). Indikasi yang relevan adalah yang 17.1.5 disebabkan oleh cacat. Indikasi relevan harus dievaluasi pada tingkat evaluasi dan dengan standar keberterimaan. Catatan: bila ada keraguan tentang jenis ketidaksempurnaan yang diungkapkan oleh indikasi, verifikasi dapat diperoleh dengan menggunakan metode pengujian non-destruktif lain.

17.2 17.2.1 a.

Standard keberterimaan API 1104 17.2 Indikasi harus dianggap defect bila 17.2.1 beberapa kondisi berikut ada: Indikasi yang dipastikan crack (C), burna. through ( BT ), kurang penetrasi tanpa

Linear indications are defined as indications with their greatest dimension in the weld length direction. Typical linear indications may be caused by, but are not limited to the following types of imperfection; inadequate penetration without high-low ( IP ), inadequate penetration due to high low ( IPD ), inadequate cross penetration ( ICP ), incomplete fusion ( IF ), incomplete fusion due to cold lap ( IFD ), elongated slag inclusion (ESI), cracks (C), undercutting adjacent to the over pass ( EU ) or root pass ( IU ), and hollow bead porosity ( HB ). Transverse indications are defined as indications with their greatest dimension across the weld. Typical transverse indications may be caused by, but are not limited, to the following types of imperfections: cracks ( C ), isolated slag, inclusions ( ISI ), and incomplete fusion due to cold lap ( IFD ) at start/stops in the weld passes.

Volumetric indications are defined as threedimensional indications. Such indications may be caused by single or multiple inclusions void or pores. Partially filled voids, pores, at start/stops in weld pass may caused larger indications in the transverse direction than in the weld length direction. Typical volumetric indications may be caused by, but are not limited to the following types of imperfections: internal concavity (IC), burn-through ( BT ), isolated slag inclusion ( ISI ), porosity ( P ), and cluster porosity ( CP ).

Relevant indications are those caused by imperfections. Relevant indications shall be evaluated at the evaluation level and to the the acceptance standards. Note: when doubt exist about the type of imperfection being disclosed by an indication, verification may be obtained by using other non-destructive testing methods. Acceptance Standards API 1104 Indications shall be considered defects should any of the following conditions exist: Indications determined to be cracks (C), burn-through ( BT ), inadequate penetration

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

b.

c.

17.2.2

17.2.3

17.2.4

17.2.5

17.2.6

17.2.7

high-low ( IP ), kurang penetrasi karena high low ( IPD ), Indikasi individu dengan dimensi ketinggian vertikal (through-wall) ditentukan lebih besar dari seperempat dari ketebalan dinding Indikasi lebih dari satu dilokasi circum yang sama dengan jumlah ukuran vertikal (through – wall) melebihi seperempat dari ketebalan dinding Indikasi linear surface (LS) (selain crack) diinterpret terbuka di permukaan LD. atau O.D. harus dianggap defect bila beberapa kondisi ada: a. Panjang agregat indikasi LS dalam setiap 12 in (300 mm) kontinu panjang lasan melebihi 1 in (25 mm). b. Panjang aggregate indikasi LS melebihi 8% panjang lasan. Linear didalam (LB) indikasi (selain retak) ditafsirkan bawah permukaan dalam las dan tidak LD. atau O.D. permukaan dihubungkan harus dianggap cacat bila salah satu kondisi berikut ada: a. Panjang agregat indikasi LB dalam setiap 12 in (300) kontinu panjang lasan melebihi 2 in (50 mm) b. Panjang agregat indikasi LB melebihi 8 % panjang lasan. Indikasi melintang (T) (selain retak) harus dipertimbangkan volumetrik dan dievaluasi menggunakan kriteria untuk indikasi volumetrik. Huruf T harus digunakan untuk ditunjuk semua laporan indikasi melintang. Volumetric cluster (VC) indications harus dianggap defects jika maximum dimensi dari VC indications melebihi ½ in. ( 13 mm ) Indikasi Volumetrik Individu (VI) harus dipertimbangkan sebagai defect jika ukuran maksimum V1 indikasi melebihi 1 / 8 inci (3 mm) Indikasi Volumetric root (VR) diinterpret terbuka sampai I.D. permukaan harus dipertimbangkan sebagai defect bila kondisi berikut ada: a. Dimensi maksimum indikasi VR

b.

c.

17.2.2

17.2.3

17.2.4

17.2.5

17.2.6

17.2.7

without high-low ( IP ), inadequate penetration due to high low ( IPD ), Individual indications with vertical height (through – wall) dimension determined to be greater than one quarter of the wall thickness. Multiple idndications at the same circumferential location with a summed vertical height (through – wall) dimension exceeding one quater the wall thickness. Linear surface (LS) indications ( other than cracks ) interpreted to be open to the LD. or O.D. surface shall be considered defects should any of the following conditions exist: a. The aggregate length of LS indications in any continuous 12 in. (300 mm) length of weld exceeds 1 in. ( 25 mm ). b. The aggregate length of LS Indications exceeds 8% of the weld length. Linear buried ( LB ) indications ( other than cracks ) interpreted to be subsurface within the weld and not LD. or O.D. surface connected shall be considered defects should any of the following conditions exist: a. The aggregate length of LB indications in any continuous 12 in. (300 mm) length of weld exceeds 2 in. (50 mm). b. The aggregate length of LB indications exceeds 8 % of the weld length. Transverse (T) indications (other than cracks) shall be considered volumetric and evaluated using the criteria for volumetric indications. The letter T shall be used to designated all reported transverse indications. Volumetric cluster (VC) indications shall be considered defects when the maximum dimension of VC indications exceeds ½ in. ( 13 mm ) Volumetric Individual ( VI ) indications shall be considered defects when the maximum dimension of V1 indications exceeds 1/8 in. (3 mm). Volumetric root (VR) indications interpreted to be open to the I.D. surface shall be considered defects should any of the following conditions exist: a. The maximum dimension of VR

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

17.2.8

17.2.9

indications exceeds ¼ in ( 6 mm ) or the melebihi ¼ in (6 mm) atau nominal nominal wall thickness, whichever is less. tebal dinding, mana yang terkecil b. The total length of VR indications b. Panjang total indikasi VR melebihi ½ in exceeds ½ in. ( 13 mm ) in any (13 mm) dalam panjang kontinu 12 in continuous 12 in. ( 300 mm ) length. (300 mm) Penjumlahan 17.2.8 Accumulation Setiap akumulasi indikasi relevan (AR) Any accumulation of relevant indications ( harus dianggap sebagai defect ketika salah AR ) shall be considered a defect when any satu kondisi berikut ada: of the following conditions exist: a. Jumlah Panjang indikasi diatas a. The aggregate length of indication evaluation level melebihi 2 in (50 mm) above evaluation level exceeds 2 in. (50 pada setiap panjang 12 inci (300 mm) mm) in any 12 in. (300 mm) length of lasan weld. b. Jumlah Panjang indikasi diatas b. The aggregate length of indications evaluation level melebihi 8% panjang above evaluation level exceeds 8% of lasan the weld length. Cacat – cacat Base Material 17.2.9 Base Metal Imperfection Cacat – cacat didalam base material yang Impefection in the base material detected by terdeteksi oleh ultrasonic testing harus di ultrasonic testing shall be reported to the laporkan ke company. Keputusan dari company. The disposition of these cacat – cacat tersebut harus dapat petunjuk imperfectins shall be as directed by the dari company. company

17.3 Acceptance Standards ASME / ANSI B31.8

17.3

diambil dari ASME BPV Code Section VIII Division.1, Appendix 12 Para 12.3

Ketidak sempurnaan yang menghasilkan respon lebih besar dari 20% dari batas refernsi harus di investigasi lagi agar operator dapat memeriksa bentuk, identitas dan lokasi dari semua ketidak sempurnaan dan mengevaluasi sesuai dengan standar penerimaan di dalam (a) dan (b) berikut ini 17.3.1

Indikasi dengan karakteristis sebagai retak, 17.3.1 kurang fusi atau penetrasi yang tidak lengkap tidak dapat di terima terlepas dari panjang nya.

Acceptance Standards ASME / ANSI B31.8 taken from ASME BPV Code Section VIII Division.1, Appendix 12 Para 12.3 Imperfections which produce a response greater than 20% of the reference level shall be investigated to the extent that the operator can examine the shape, identity and location of all such imperfections and evaluate them in terms of acceptance standards given in (a) and (b) below. Indications characterized as cracks, lack of fusion or incomplete penetration are unacceptable regardless of the length

Other imperfections are not acceptable if the Ketidak sempurnaan lainnya tidak dapat di 17.3.2 indications exceed the reference level terima jika indikasi melebihi amplitude amplitude and have lengths which exceed: referensi dan memiliki panjang yang melebihi: a. 6 mm (1/4 in.) for t up to 19 mm (3/4 in.), a. 6 mm (1/4 in.) untuk t hingga 19mm (3/4 in.), b. 1/3t for t from 19 mm (3/4 in.) to 57 mm b. 1/3t untuk t 19 mm (3/4 in.) hingga 57 mm (2¼ in.) inclusive, (2¼ in.) inclusive. c. 19 mm untuk t lebih dari 57mm (2¼ in) c. 19 mm (3/4 in.) for t over 57 mm (2¼ in). dimana t = ketebalan dari las tidak where t = the thickness of the weld

17.3.2

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8 termasuk reinforcement yang di ijinkan. Untuk sambungan las butt weld dua item dengan memiliki ketebalan yang berbeda pada lasan, t adalah ketebalan yang lebih

excluding any allowable reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two members having different thicknesses at the weld, t is the thinner of the two thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included in t.

tipis dari kedua ketebelan. Jika pengelasan dengan penetrasi penuh termasuk lasan fillet, ketebalan throat dari fillet harus masukan di t.

18 a.

b.

Dokumentasi Hasil Pengujian Ultrasonic harus ditulis dalam Ultrasonic Examination Report. Semua indikasi yang di observasi ( evaluation level dan melebihi ) harus dilaporkan. Ultrasonic testing report lasan yang diinspeksi harus termasuk weld number, datum location, length, depth, dari OD surface, dan defect clasification ( linear, or volumetric ) dari semua indication.

18 a.

Documentation Ultrasonic Test result shall be reported in the form of Ultrasonic Examination Report. All observed indications ( evaluation level and above ) shall be reported

b.

The ultrasonic testing report of inspected welds shall include the weld number, datum location, length, depth, from the OD surface, and defects clasification ( linear, or volumetric ) of all reported indications

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION REPORT : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Work Order No. :

Drawing No. :

Welded Oil BCB Face A GTAW

) ) ) ) )

Applicable Code :

Discontinuity Type : Cr = crack Sketch

IF = Incomplete Fusion

Examined by :

Reviewed / witnessed by :

Reviewed / witnessed by :

Date :

Date :

Name

IP = Incomplete Penetration

Rejected

Accepted

Result

Discontinuity Type

Surface Distance

Angular Distance

Record of Discontinuity

Screen Height, %

Transfer of Losses

Reference Level

Scanning Level

Frequency

Probe Angle

Serial No. : Other ( Other ( Other ( Face C ( Other ( Procedure No. :

Ground Flush CMC IIW V1 Face B SMAW

Desibels

Identification

Report No. :

Length (mm)

Job/Contract No. Project Location Customer UT Equipment Surface Condition Couplant Calibration Block Face of Examination Welding Process Test Range Scanning Technique Probe Identification

:

NDE Level : Date

:

EL = Elongated Ind.

Remark

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Dimensions : T : Nominal Pipe wall thickness N : Notch depth = 10% of notch depth A : 2 in. (50 mm) minimum length B : 0.125 in. (3.2 mm) maximum notch widh C : 11.35 T plus 2 in. (50 mm) minimum width D : 3.1 in. (80 mm) minimum width E : 1. in. (25 mm) minimum notch length R1 : Out side radius of pipe R2 : Radius of inside notch = R1 minus 0.9 T R3 : Radius of outside notch R1 minus 0.10 T Figure 21 A of API 1104 – Reference Block for Manual UT

Position the trnsducers in line with the outside notch at double the distance used pick up the inside notch ( position B ). Verify that the outside notch echo peak is at or near zero depth reading. This establish that the refracted angle and velocity settings are sufficiently accurate.

Figure 21B of API 1104 – Establishing Distance Amplitude Correction

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Using the two transducers of equal angle and frequency, one transmitting and the other reveiving, maximize ( peak up ) the echo receiving. Measure the surface distance between the transducer exit points. Half the surface distance divided by measured wall thickness equals the refracted angle tangent. Without changing instrument setting, repeat this process on pipe with unknown velocity, refracted angle, and attenuation to determine any ndifferences.

Figure 21C of API 1104 – Transfer Correction Value Procedure

Thickness ( T ) mm Up nto 25.4 mm Over 25,5 through 50.8 Over 50.8 through 101.6 Over 101.6 through 152.4 Over 152.4 through 203.2

Hole Diameter mm 2.40 A 3.20 B 4.80 6.40 7.90

Note : 1. For each additional 50.8 mmof the thickness add 1.60 mm to the hole diameter. A. The 2.40 mm diameter hole shall be drilled to a depth of 38.1 mmminimum and located at T/2 B. The 3.20 mm df 50.80 mm minimum and located at T/4iameter and larger holes shall be drilled to a depth

Table A2.1. Hole Diameters of ASTM E 164

( Alternative Reference Block for Manual UT )

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Table 2. Procedures Recommended for Common Weld Configuration Weld throat Thickness, in. [mm] Weld Type

Less than ½ in ( 12 mm )

Primary

Top 1/4

70

70

1/ to 1-1/2 in ( 12 to 38 mm )

Primary

Top 1/4

70 or 60

45 or 60

1-1/2 to 2-1/2 in ( 38 to 63 mm )

Primary

2-1/2 to 5 in ( 63 to 127 mm )

5 to 8 in ( 127 to 200 mm )

Top 1/4

Primary

Top 1/4

Primary

45 or 60

60 or 45

45 or 60

60 or 45

Top 1/4

Butt Recommended angle, deg Suggested technique A

1, ( 2 or 3 )

1

1, ( 2 or 3 )

1

70,60, or 45 1, ( 2 or 3 )

1

1, ( 2 or 3 ), 4

1

1, ( 2 or 3 ), 4

Tee B

Face A

Recommended angle, deg Suggested technique

70

70 or 60

70,60, or 45 5

60 or 45

45

5,4

5,4

5

5

Recommended angle, deg

70

70 or 60

70,60, or 45

60 or 45

45

Suggested technique

5

5

5

5,4

5,4

0, 70

0, ( 70 or 45)

0, 45

0, 45

0, 45

6,7

6,7

6,7

Face B

B

B

Face C

Recommended angle, deg Suggested technique

6,7

6,7

Corner C

Face A

Recommended angle, deg

70

70 or 60

70 or 60, 45

60 or 45

45

Suggested technique

8

8

8

8

8

Recommended angle, deg

70

70 or 60

60 or 45

45

Suggested technique

8

8

8

8

C

Face B

70 or 60, 45 8

D

Face C

Recommended angle, deg

0

0

0

0

0

Suggested technique

9

9

9

9

9

Double Fillet Corner Weld D Face A Recommended angle, deg Suggested technique

45

45

45

45

45

10, 11

10, 11

10, 11

10, 11

10, 11

D

Face B

Recommended angle, deg Suggested technique

45

45

45

45

45

10, 11

10, 11

10, 11

10, 11

10, 11

Note : A ~ D see Figure 1 ~ Figure 11 of ASTM E 164

45 1

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

Table Amplitude Control Linearity

Indication Set at % of Full Screen

dB control Change

Indication Limits % of Full Screen

80%

- 6 dB

32 to 48%

80%

- 12 dB

16 to 24

40%

+6 dB

64 to 96%

20%

+12 dB

64 to 96%

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE API 1104 / ANSI B31.8

UT INSTRUMENT CALIBRATION RECORD MANUFACTURER : MODEL

:

SERIAL NO.

:

TRANSDUCER NO. : PROCEDURE NO. : SCREEN HEIGHT LINEARITY 100 % FSH

% FSH

51 % FSH

% FSH

88 % FSH

% FSH

40 % FSH

% FSH

81 % FSH

% FSH

30 % FSH

% FSH

70 % FSH

% FSH

20 % FSH

% FSH

62 % FSH

% FSH

Tolerance : + 5% of FSH Result

: AMPLITUDE CONTROL LINEARITY

Result

:

80% FSH - 6 dB

( 32 - 48 )%

80% FSH - 12 dB

( 16 - 24 )%

40% FSH + 6 dB

( 64 - 96 )%

20% FSH + 12 dB

( 64 - 96 )%