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THE AIRCRAFT ENCYCLOPEDIA
I
THE AIRCRAFT ENCYCLOPEDIA ROY BRAYBROOK
Aladdin Papcrhacks
Vliuliiin l'a|MTl)a KC- 35 1
Stratotanker
The Boeing KC-135 Stratotankrepresents the baekbone of the USAF tanker fleet. Some 732 were built, and approxicr
still
Wing span:
130ft. 10 in. (39.89 m] Length: 136 ft. 3 in. (41.54 m) Max cruise speed: approx 568
mph
(568
mph)
mately 650 remain in serviee. Small numbers have been exported. The USAF KC-135 uses the flying-boom method of transferring fuel, but some export aircraft have up to three hose-and-drogue units each.
KC-10 Extender The McDonnell Douglas KClOA Extender is a tanker derivative of the DC-1()-3()CF convertible freighter aircraft. Modifications include the installation of fuel tanks in the lower fuselage, the deletion of most cabin windows, and the addition of a refueling station in the lower rear fuselage. The KC-IO can use both boom and hose refueling.
88
Wing span: 165
ft.
AV?
in.
(50.41
m) Length: 181 ft. 7 in. (55.35 m) cruise speed: 564 mph (908 km/h)
Max
1
Airborne Early Warning Aircraft
Tu-126 Moss The Tupolev Tu-126 (NATO code name Moss) is an derivative of the Tu-114 fourturboprop airhner. The civil
AEW
Tu-95) because
saucer" radome of the Tu-126 is good results over water, but not over land. said to give
aircraft (rather than the
Wing span: 168
was chosen
Length: 181 ft. 1 in. (55.2 m) Max speed: approx 530 mph (850 km/h)
of the aircraft
and
as
much
its
basis,
larger cabin this
provided for avionics
The
crew.
large
Nimrod AEW3 The British Aerospace Nimrod 3
is
an
AEW conver-
MR Mk
sion of the Some 1 1 aircraft are being modified for the RAF. The main external difference is the installation of large radomes in the nose and tail, giving radar coverage over .
in.
(51.2
m)
"flying
AEW Mk
ft.
\.
the two hemispheres. The wingtip pods sense external radar transmissions.
Wing span: 115
ft. 1 in. (35.08 ml Length: 137 ft. 8y2 in. (41.97 m) Max cruise speed: approx 550 mph (880 km/h)
89
Sea King
AEW
The Westland Sea King helicopter
is
AEW
a conversion of the is used for version has a
ASW
Mk2, which duties. The AEW
search radar in a "kettledrum"
radome, which is inflatable and retractable. For takeoff and landing this
upward and
radome
is
Fuselage length: 55 (17.01
ft.
in.
ft.
9%
in.
m)
Cruise speed: 129
mph
(208 km/
h)
rotated
The
to the rear.
Main rotor diameter: 62 (18.9 m)
first
conversions were made in 1982, in response to Britain's need for
AEW
capability in the South Atlantic.
7 kr
rof?c.
E-3A Sentry The Boeing E-3 Sentry referred to simply as
is
often
AWACS
(Airborne Warning and Control System). As this name implies, it provides not only an facility, but also command and control capability. The E-3 is used by the USAF and NATO, and is on order for Saudi Arabia.
AEW
90
Wing span: 145
ft.
9
in.
(44.2
m)
Length: 152 ft. 11 in. (46.61 m) Max speed: 530 mph (853 km/h]
753
E-2C Hawkeye The Grumman E-2 Hawkeye was originally developed as a
AEW
carrier-based aircraft, to replace the U.S. Navy's E-IB Tracer. The E-IB had a fixed radome of airfoil section, but the E-2 has a rotating "flying saucer". The E-2 was used during the Vietnam War, and
I
was later sold to Egypt, Israel, Japan, and Singapore. Note the four fins, and the enlarged radiator behind the cockpit of the E-2C.
Wing span: 80
ft.
7
in.
(24.56
m)
Length: 57 ft. SVa in. (17.54 m) Max speed: 372 mph (598 km/h)
Electronic Warfare
and Communications Aircraft
11-20
Coot
The Ilyushin 11-20 (NATO code name Coot) is a military version of
four-turboprop 11-18 airliner, with special equipment for electronic intelligence gathering. It has two large blade antennas on top of the front fuselage, two cylindrical bulges in the forward cabin sides, and a the
large cylindrical fairing under the fuselage, which probably houses further antennas.
Wing span: 122
ft.
8y2
in.
(37.4
m)
Length: 117 ft. 9 in. (35.9 m) Max cruise speed: 419 mph (675 km/h) 91
EA-6B Prowler The Grumman EA-6B Prowler is an EW derivative of the A-6 Intruder, with a longer front fuselage providing space for a crew of four. The Prowler is easily distinguished by its mas-
radome, longer cockand the four jammer pods
sive fin-tip pit,
EF-lllA Raven The Grumman EF-1 is
EW
an
A
1 1
derivative
ing the
of
a derivative of the 747intended to replace the EC-135. In war, the E-4 would maintain communications beis
2()()B,
92
in.
(16.15
m)
the
jamming antennas.
tween U.S. and strategic
ft.
Length: 59 ft. 10 in. (18.24 m) Max speed: 651 mph (1,048 km/h)
11
E-4B The Boeing E-4 AABNCP (Advanced Airborne Command Post)
Wing span: 53
Raven
A. The EF-lllA is distinguished from the earlier aircraft by its large fin-tip radome and the "canoe" fairing under the fuselage, housGeneral Dynamics F-1
that it often carries on underwing pylons. It is used by the U.S Navy and USMC.
command
centers
retaliation forces,
Wingspan:63ft.0in.(19.21 m)to 31 ft. irAin. (9.74 m) in. (23.16 m) Length: 76 ft. Max speed: Mach 2.15 or 1,420 mph (2,280 km/h)
despite nuclear attacks. These could, for example, aircraft launch ICBMs if ground control centers were destroyed.
Wing span: 195
ft.
8
in.
(59.64
m)
Length: 231 ft. 4 in. (70.51 m) Max speed: 605 mph (970 km/h)
Military Helicopters
330 Puma The Aerospatiale SA 330 Puma is one of three hehcopter types jointly developed by the French
SA
company and Westland
in
the
U.K., the others being the Gazelle and Lynx. The Puma is a medium-size troop transport, though it is also used for civil purposes.
It
has
now
largely
been superseded by the more powerful AS 332 Super Puma,
Main rotor diameter: 49 (15m) Fuselage length: 46
ft.
(14.06 m) Max cruise speed: 168
ft.
1
2 V2
in.
V? in.
mph
(271
lead has been followed several export customers.
by
Main rotor diameter: 34 ft. bV? (10.5 m)
in.
km/h)
SA
341/342 Gazelle The Aerospatiale SA 341/342 Gazelle is a hve-seat lightweight helicopter used for liaison and pilot training duties. The SA 342 has a more powerful engine than the
341.
Some French Army
Gazelles are armed with antitank guided missiles, and this
Fuselage length: 31 (9.53
Max
ft.
3V4
in.
m)
cruise speed: 164
mph
(264
km/h)
93
EH-101
The
EH
Industries EH-101 is a development by Britain's Westland and Italy's Agusta, aimed at producing a Sea King replacement. The EH-lOl will
joint
Main rotor diameter: (18.59 m) Length: 75
Max
ft.
1%
in.
61
(22.9
cruise speed: 173
in.
ft.
m)
mph
(278
km/h)
be a three-engined helicopter, primarily used for ASW, antiship operations, SAR, and possibly AEW, resupply and EW. A civil version is also planned.
A
129 Mangusta
The Agusta (Mongoose)
A is
129 Mangusta
new
a
Italian
attack helicopter, designed to destroy armor in day/night allweather conditions. The first
prototype had
its
maiden
flight
on September 15, 1983. The launch customer is the Italian Army, which is expected to order a batch of 60.
94
Main rotor diameter: 39 (11.9m) Fuselage length: 40 (12.28
Max
ft.
ft.
SVa
0y2
in.
in.
m)
speed: 168
mph
(270 km/h)
Ka-25 Hormone The Kamov Ka-25 (NATO code name Hormone) is the Soviet Navy's principal
ASW
helicop-
ate the need for a tail rotor, and are used on other Kamov designs,
but it is also used for overthe-horizon targeting for shipter,
to-ship missiles, and for utility operations. Small and numbers are also used by India, Syria and Yugoslavia. The contra-rotating main rotors elimin-
SAR
Mi-6 Hook The Mil Mi-6 name Hook) is
(NATO
code heavy transport helicopter operated by the Soviet Air Force and by Algeria, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iraq, Peru, Syria and Vietnam. In its early days it was the a
world's largest helicopter. It still holds several records, including
Main rotor diameter: 42 (13 m) Fuselage length: 25
ft.
5
ft.
in.
8
in.
(7.75
m)
Max
speed: 105
mph
(170 km/h)
km circuit at 211.36 (340.15 km/h), set in 1964.
a 100
Main rotor diameter: (35 m) Fuselage length: 108 (33.18
Max
1
mph
14ft. 10 in.
ft.
10y2
in.
m)
speed: 186
mph
(300 km/h)
95
Mi-8 Hip
The Mil Mi-8 name Hip) is
(NATO
code
the standard Soviet assault transport helicop-
civil
version has square windows
to the cabin.
Western counterparts, it is heavily armed, with rockets and guided guns, weapons. It is also in use in
Main rotor diameter: 69 in. (21.29 m)
many
Max
ter.
Unlike
its
overseas countries. The
Fuselage length: 59 (18.17
ft.
ft.
7y2
10y2 in.
m)
speed: 161
mph
(260 km/h)
Mi-24 Hind
The Mil Mi-24 name Hind) is
(NATO
code
the standard Soviet attack helicopter, heavily armed with rockets, guns, and
armed
troops. It is thought that the Mi-24 would also be used to attack other helicopters.
guided
weapons. Unlike its Western counterpart (the Hughes AH-64), the Mi-24 has a
Main rotor diameter: 55 (17 m)
cabin that can take eight fully
Max
96
ft.
9
in.
Length: 55 ft. 9 in. (17.0 m) speed: 199 mph (320 km/h)
Sea King
The Westland Sea King
is
based
on
the airframe and rotor system of the Sikorsky SH-3D, but has British engines and
systems to suit Royal Navy requirements. Its principal task is ASW, but other versions provide utility, SAR and
AEW
capabilities.
de-
veloped both as a generalpurpose army helicopter and as a naval ASW system. In groundbased operations it is used as a troop transport and anti tank helicopter. In the
ASW
role it accepted for frigate-
navies.
variant for land-based transport operations.
Main rotor diameter: 62 (18.9 m) Fuselage length: 55 (17.01
in.
ft.
93/4 in.
ft.
m)
Cruise speed: 129
mph
(208 km/h)
The Commando is a
Lynx The Westland Lynx was
has been based use
special
in
many
The army
NATO
version has
skids and the navy version has wheels, which can be toed out to hold it firm on a wet, rolling deck.
Main rotor diameter: 42 (12.8 m) Fuselage length: 39
ft.
(12.06 m) Max cruise speed: 161
in.
ft.
S^A
in.
mph
(259
km/h)
97
UH-1 Iroquois The Bell UH-1 Iroquois (Model 205)
was the
Army
principal U.S. helicopter used in the
Vietnam War. The "Huey" was used both as an unarmed troop transport and as a gunship, pending
the
advent
purpose-designed
of
the
AH-1
HueyCobra. The production
series
in Italy
Main rotor diameter: 48 (14.63 m) Fuselage length: 41
is still
in
and Japan. in.
ft.
ft.
lO^A
(12.77 m) Max cruise speed: 127
mph
in.
(204
km/h)
OH58D Bell OH-58D (Model 406) the winner of the U.S. Army
The is
AHIP (Army provement was aimed
Helicopter ImProgram), which at the development
of an effective scout helicopter.
The OH-58D
be produced by converting at least 578 existing OH-58A Kiowas, the military equivalent of the Model
98
will
It will be a twoseat aircraft with a four-blade rotor, a mast-mounted sighting system and provisions for air-toair missiles.
206 JetRanger.
Main rotor diameter: 35 (10.67 m) Fuselage length: 33 (10.31
Max
ft.
ft.
10
in.
in.
m)
speed: 147
mph
(237 km/h)
AH-1 Huey Cobra The Bell AH-1
HueyCobra
(Model 209) was developed
as a
chances of the aircraft being seen and hit by enemy troops
"dedicated" gunship during the Vietnam War, based on experience with the UH-1 series. The large cabin of the utility aircraft was replaced by a slender
directly in front.
fuselage, seating the gunner and
Fuselage length: 44ft. 7
tandem. This arrangement also reduced drag and the
pilot in
CH-46 Sea Knight The Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight (Model 107) is a tandemrotor assault transport helicopter, mainly used by the U.S. Navy and USMC. It saw considerable service in Vietnam. The CH-46 can be distinguished from the later CH-47 by its small
Main rotor diameter: 44 (13.41 m)
in.
ft.
in.
(13.59
m)
Max
speed: 172
mph
Rotor diameter: 50
(277 km/h)
in.
ft.
(15.24
m) Fuselage length: 44 (13.67
Max
ft.
10
in.
m)
speed: 154
mph
(246 km/h)
undercarriage and small sponsons. size, tricycle
99
CH-47 Chinook The Boeing Vertol CH-47 Chinook (Model 114 and export 414)
is
a
medium
transport
developed for the It saw limited use in U.S. Army. Vietnam. The tandem-rotor arrangement was largely developed by Piasecki, the forerunner of Vertol. Like the CH-
loading ramp. Note the four undercarriage units and the long sponsons, which contain fuel.
helicopter,
the
46,
Chinook has
a
rear
Hughes 500MD The Hughes 500MD Defender is
a military derivative of the
500, with armament provisions, optional armor, selfsealing fuel tanks, a Hughes
civil
Model
"Black Hole" IR suppression system, and other changes. The 500MD can carry the (Tube launched, Optically tracked. Wire Guided) anti-
TOW
100
Rotor diameter: 60
in.
ft.
(18.29
m) Fuselage length: 51
Oin. (15.54
ft.
m)
Max
speed: 181
tank missile;
mph
this
(291 km/h)
version has
been bought by Israel, Kenya and South Korea.
Main rotor diameter: 26 ft. 4^4 (8.05 m) Fuselage length: 23
ft.
in.
in.
(7.01
m)
Max
cruise speed: 137
km/h)
mph
(221
AH-64 Apache The Hughes AH-64 Apache was developed to meet a U.S. Army requirement for an Advanced Attack HeHcopter (A AH), capable of day/night all-weather operations. It has a two-man crew sitting in tandem with the
gunner
front.
in
The
nose
contains a night vision and laser designation system. Armament
SH-2 Seasprite The Kaman SH-2
Seasprite is the basis for the U.S. Navy's Airborne (Light 1
Mk
LAMPS
Multi-Purpose
System).
ASW
MAD
Hughes 30 mm Chain Gun mounted under the fuselage. Main rotor diameter: 48 (14.63 m)
ft.
in.
Length overall: 58 ft. SVa in. (17.76 m) Max cruise speed: 182 mph (293 l