Surpac Drill and Blast Tutorial [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

Drill and Blast December 2006

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Copyright © 2006 Surpac Minex Group Pty Ltd (A Gemcom company). All rights reserved. This software and documentation is proprietary to Surpac Minex Group Pty Ltd. Surpac Minex Group Pty Ltd publishes this documentation for the sole use of Surpac licenses. Without written permission you may not sell, reproduce, store in a retrieval system, or transmit any part of the documentation. For such permission, or to obtain extra copies please contact your local Surpac Minex Group Office. Surpac Minex Group Pty Ltd Level 8 190 St Georges Terrace Perth, Western Australia 6000 Telephone: (08) 94201383 Fax: (08) 94201350 While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual, we assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damage resulting from the use of the information contained herein. All brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of there respective companies. About This Manual This manual has been designed to provide a practical guide to the many uses of the software. The applications contained within this manual are by no means exhaustive as the possible uses of the software are only limited by the user’s imagination. However, it will give new users a starting point and existing users a good overview by demonstrating how to use many of the functions in Surpac Vision. If you have any difficulties or questions while working through this manual feel free to contact your local Surpac Minex Group Office. Contributors Peter Esdale Rowdy Bristol Kiran Kumar Phil Jackson Surpac Minex Group Perth, Western Australia Product Surpac Vision v5.2

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Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Requirements ............................................................................................................................ 1 Objectives .................................................................................................................................. 1 Workflow .................................................................................................................................... 1 Concepts.................................................................................................................................... 2 Getting Started........................................................................................................................... 6 Modify blast design defaults ...................................................................................................... 7 Designing a Blast Pattern using RMC polygons...................................................................... 11 Load and tie in a firing pattern ................................................................................................. 22 Create a blast boundary and blast solid .................................................................................. 30 Create a blast report ................................................................................................................ 33 Pre-split Holes ......................................................................................................................... 37 Blast Database Concepts ........................................................................................................ 56 Loading the Blast Database .................................................................................................... 59

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Introduction The drill and blast module allows you to create and charge vertical and inclined holes in rectangular patterns, along segments, or in a straight line between any two points digitised on the screen.

Requirements Prior to proceeding with this tutorial, you will need: • • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial). A good understanding of the basic Surpac concepts of strings, segments, DTMs, and string tools.

Objectives The objective of this tutorial is to allow you to create a blast design from start to finish, including all the intermediate steps needed to produce the final report. It is not intended to be exhaustive in scope, but will show the workflow needed to achieve a final result. You can then refine and add to this workflow to meet your specific requirements.

Workflow The process described in this tutorial is outlined below: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Open up blast design profile Set up blast design defaults Design blast hole collar pattern Prime and load blast holes Design the tie in pattern for firing Up-load the blast design into the blast database Create a true blast outline, using a blast destruction cone Create a blast solid Produce a blast report

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Concepts There are several terms and concepts particular to this tutorial which will be explained here. Note that not all terms are the same in all countries, and you may need to apply your preferred terminology where applicable. Much of the terminology associated with this document is specific to the mining and quarrying industries. 1. Drilling Drilling parameters which are customisable include:

Bearing - also referred to as azimuth Burden - distance between rows Collar - The starting point of a drill hole Diameter – diameter of drill hole in units of measure (ie. metres or feet) Dip – the angle of a hole above or below the horizontal Pattern - A pattern is a set of blast holes which will be collectively drilled, sampled, charged, and blasted. An example of a pattern is shown below. Each dot represents one blasthole.

Spacing - distance between holes in a row Subdrill distance - extra drilling length to add to each hole Toe - The bottom or ending point of a drill hole is referred to as the toe. However, a line defining the base point of a slope may also be referred to as a toe.

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Presplit Holes Often holes are drilled at relatively close spacing along a planned fracture plane. These holes are referred to in Surpac as presplit holes. Surpac can create presplit holes along a straight line or along a segment. The example below shows presplit holes created along a segment, and in a straight line. One set of holes are created from one segment, the crest of a bench, to another segment, the toe of the ramp. The horizontal holes, which could be used as drains in a pit wall, or for sampling, were created along a straight line. An example of presplit holes is shown below:

Blast Boundary A blast boundary can be generated for a designed pattern using blast cones around each drill hole. The outermost segments of each cone are joined up to create the blast boundary.

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Blast Solid A blast solid can be generated by using the blast boundary and projecting it down to a design elevation or to a DTM surface.

Tie in patterns A tie in pattern can be generated using one of the standard templates, or you can select holes/tie in lines individually to generate a customised pattern.

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2. Blasting Charging parameters which are customisable include: Booster name –may be selected from Anzomex G (PG), Anzomex H (PH), Anzomex K (PK), Anzomex P (PPE), Anzomex PP D (PPD), Anzomex PP P (PPPE), Jumbo prime (PJ) or Stopeprime (PSP DL) Charge depth - can be automatically adjusted to hole depth Charge interval - multiple charge intervals separated by stemming are allowed Database All of the drilling and blasting information for each hole can be saved to a database. Surpac supports MS-Access(TM), and any database connectable via ODBC (Open DataBase Connectivity). The recommended database type is MS-Access(TM). Delay time (in milliseconds) - defaults to 400 milliseconds Depth of stemming - rock chips, dirt, or other non-explosive material placed on top of the charge Detonator name -, may be selected from Excel LP, Nonel LP, Nonel MS, connectadet or enduradet Detonator position in the hole –may be selected from top, middle or bottom of the hole Explosive - may be selected from ANFO 0.8, 0.9 or 1.0, Power Gel, air or stemming Reports and Volume Calculations The drill and blast module can generate three report types: • • •

Blast summary Pattern Setout Work order

The blast summary report gives a rundown of all the blast design and costing details, including such things as total drilling length, explosive products, mass of explosive down each hole, powder factor, blast volume, drilling cost and explosive cost. The pattern setout report contains a list of hole numbers and their coordinates The work order report gives details of the total number of explosive products to be used in a blast, including such things as number and type of detonators in the blast, total mass of explosive, kilograms of explosive per hole and number of boosters required. Summary You should now be familiar with the basic terminology associated with drilling and blasting

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Getting Started Overview The following will be presented in this chapter: •

Opening the blast design profile

Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you will need: •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed

1. Opening up the blast design profile Open Surpac and it will start in the no profile mode, or a previously set default profile. Right mouse click in the area immediately to the right of the Help menu and select Profiles, then Blast Design

If you wish to set this as your default profile every time you start Surpac, right mouse click in the area immediately to the right of the Help Menu and select Profiles then Set current as default. For more information on setting up profiles and customising menus, toolbars, etc please see the Surpac Vision Introduction tutorial. Summary What you have learned so far is how to set up a default profile for Blast design.

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Modify blast design defaults Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: 1. Setting up and adding to the blasting design defaults 2. Setting up string polygons for different rock mass classifications Included with the blast tutorial data set is a macro called 01_data_setup.tcl, which when executed runs the “string maths” functions described in this chapter.

Note: The blasting.ssi file should be backed up regularly as it contains all your default blast design and cost parameters. Accidental overwriting or deletion of this file will require manual re-input of all the information.

Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have: • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial).

1. Blast Design Defaults – Drilling Defaults tab From the Blast Design menu, select Drill and Blast Settings. The Blast Design Defaults form will open on the Drilling Defaults tab as shown below:

Notice the new panel for Drill Rigs. By right clicking on the row number, you can add the names of any drill rigs you have on site to this list. The drill rig can then be assigned to a blast pattern when designing a blast.

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2. Blast Design Defaults – Charging Defaults tab Click on the Charging Defaults tab. This is the area where you enter all your explosives product information. You can then select any of these products when charging the holes in a blast design.

3. Blast Design Defaults – Rock Classifications tab Click on the Rock Classifications tab. This is the area where you enter all the Rock Mass Classification (RMC) information.

Right click on one of the row numbers and select Add, to create a new record. Then enter the following rock classification details in the following columns – Rock Name Rock Description SG Powder Factor Sub Drill Burden Spacing Blast cone angle Drilling cost per unit length

-

Basalt Fresh FreshBas 2.8 0.8 0.6 2.5 2.5 50 30

Note that the “Rock Name” and “Rock Description” entries are case sensitive.

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The values entered in the previous form will be used in various other parts of the module. For example, when reporting on a blast with the Rock name of “Basalt Fresh”, the mass of blasted material will be calculated using a specific gravity (SG) of 2.8. Other values will be explained as you progress through each section of the tutorial

Note: You may see different data if the drill and blast tutorial has already been run on your computer. If so, leave the data alone and simply apply the form. The burden value for oxide has been filled in incorrectly i.e. look at the fields Rock name and Burden. Change the burden value to 6. 4. Blast Design Defaults – Firing defaults tab Click on the Firing defaults tab. This tab contains template details for the three most common firing patterns. If you have a blast design that is suited to using one of these firing patterns, then you can generate a firing sequence, with minimal effort, via the use of one of these standard templates. This is best illustrated by an example (which is covered in a later section of this tutorial) so for now just check that each entry for “No. of rows” is 1. If not, change it so they are all equal to 1. “No. of rows” refers to the number of rows that will be connected together to fire on the same time delay.

5. Rock Mass Classification polygons - RMC polygons Next you are going to use string maths to modify some string polygon files so they are in a suitable format to use the “Modify burden and spacing by polygon” option when designing a blast pattern. From the File tools menu select String maths and fill in the form as shown below:

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Repeat the previous step for the string file rmc_955.str, but this time set the d1 field to "Basalt Fresh". Note - the data entered is case sensitive. You have now set up two RMC polygon files that can be used to automatically set burden and spacing when designing a blast pattern. This will be covered in a later section of this tutorial. Summary You should now be familiar with the data that is recorded in the blast design defaults file, how to add records and how to set up RMC polygons for use in the blasting module.

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Designing a Blast Pattern using RMC polygons Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: 1. Creating a number of blast patterns using the auto spacing and burden from polygons option. 2. Saving the blast pattern and loading the holes to the blast database. Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have: • • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed. The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial). Macro 01_data_setup must have been run before starting this part of the tutorial.

1. Recall input data set Firstly, open the files bench960_950.str, and Rock Mass Classification (RMC) polygon file, rmc_960.str, by dragging the files, one at a time into graphics. Please note that the polygon file must be in the currently active layer to use the auto spacing and burden from polygons option - ie. drag the polygon file into graphics last

2. Design a blast pattern using the auto spacing and burden from polygons option For this section of the tutorial you are going to design a blast pattern for the upper bench in the pit pickup, and align it with one section of the “free face”. From the Blast Design menu select Create blast pattern and you will be prompted to Select area for blasting holes. In this case, you will select an area larger than you wish to blast and then trim the blast, so drag out an area similar to that shown in the image below by clicking and holding down the left mouse button.

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Now, by holding down the right mouse button to rotate the selected area, and holding down the left mouse button to move the selected area, orientate the blast pattern to align with the longest section of the free face as shown in the following image.

Now press the Enter key or the F2 key to accept the selected area. Next, fill in the Pattern Settings for form Blast Pattern Design as shown below, selecting the option to Modify burden and spacing by polygon

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Click on the Hole Settings tab and fill out the form as follows:

A detailed explanation of each field on this form follows: Origin X

The X coordinate of the origin of the grid.

Origin Y

The Y coordinate of the origin of the grid.

Grid Height

The length of the grid along the axis labelled "Burden".

Grid Width

The length of the grid along the axis labelled "Spacing".

Grid Angle

Grid angle may be set to any value from 0 to 360. The grid angle is the

azimuth, or bearing of the axis labelled "Burden". Layout

Either rectangular or staggered. Below is an example of each:

Rectangular

Staggered

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Order

Either Regular or Zig-Zag. Below is an example of each: Regular

Zig-Zag

In these examples, the rows are ordered from south to north. It is possible to order the rows from north to south or east to west or west to east by rotating the grid to an angle of 90, 180, or 270 degrees respectively. Spacing input You have three choices here: 1. The first choice is Modify burden and spacing by polygon and will use the burden and spacing defined in the blast design defaults file. Setting up these polygons and the blast design defaults has already been explained in the section Modify blast design defaults. 2. Under the section Manual Burden/Spacing, you have the choice of either Burden and Spacing or Number of holes. 3. If you select Burden and Spacing, you will be prompted for the burden (distance between rows) and the spacing (distance between holes in a row). The number of holes in each direction is calculated based on the grid height and grid width, and is displayed on the Blast pattern design form. For example, if the grid height is 120, and the burden is 10, the number of rows is 13 (120/10 + 1). If the grid width is 60, and the burden is 7.5, the number of columns (or holes per row) is 9 (60/7.5 + 1).

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In the example below, a burden of 10 and a spacing of 7.5 has been used.

If you select Number of holes, you will be prompted for the number of holes per row, and the number of holes per column. The spacing between holes in each direction is calculated based on the grid height and grid width, and displayed on the form. If the grid height is 120, and the burden is 10, the number of rows is set to 11, the burden (spacing between rows) will be 12 ( 120 / (11 - 1) ). If the grid width is 60, and the number of columns is set to 21, the spacing (distance between holes in a row) will be 3 ( 60 / (21-1) ). Collar Elevation Either Fixed, DTM layer, or DTM file. If Fixed is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The collar elevations of all holes in the pattern will be set to this value. If you select DTM layer, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which contains a DTM.

Note: This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools.

The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM. If you select DTM file, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and whether or not you wish for the DTM to be displayed. The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM.

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Toe Elevation Either Set Length, Set Elevation, DTM layer, or DTM file. If Set Length is selected, you will be prompted to enter a hole length. The length of all holes in the pattern will be set to this value. If Set Elevation is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The elevation of the toes (end, or bottom point) of all holes in the pattern will be set to this value. If you select DTM layer, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which contains a DTM. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM.

Note: This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools.

If you select DTM file, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, as well as whether or not you would like to see this DTM file displayed on the screen. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM. Hole Bearing Hole bearing may be set to any value from 0 to 360. The bearing (also know as azimuth) of all holes in this pattern will be set to this value. For vertical holes, hole bearing may be set to any value. Zero is commonly used for the bearing of vertical holes. The bearing is measured as the azimuth in plan view from the collar to the toe, or end of the hole. Hole Dip Hole dip may be set to any value from -90 to 0. The dip of all holes in this pattern will be set to this value. For vertical holes drilled down, hole dip should be set to -90. For horizontal holes, the dip should be set to zero. The dip is measured as the angle from the horizontal plane to the toe, or end of the hole. Hole Diameter The hole diameter is to be entered in units of measure. If you are using the metric system, this is in meters. For example, a 76mm hole would be entered as 0.076 (meters). If you are using the imperial system, enter this value as feet. For example, a 6 inch hole would be entered as 0.5 (feet). The diameter is written to the D4 field of the first point of the segment which represents the hole. Clip to Boundary After you apply this form, if CLIP TO BOUNDARY is set to Yes, then you will be prompted to select a closed segment. All holes which would have fallen outside this boundary will be deleted. Direction of the boundary segment is ignored. In other words, if the segment is anticlockwise, it is treated as if it was clockwise for determining if a hole is inside or outside the segment. Pattern Identifier The pattern identifier is a string of text and/or numbers that will be written to the field blast pattern if the data is written to a database. The pattern identifier is written to the D2 field of the first point of the segment which represents each hole.

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Hole ID Prefix All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to precede the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3, etc., you would enter "940-" as the hole ID prefix. The hole ID prefix may be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Hole ID Suffix All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to come after the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter "rc" as the hole ID suffix. The hole ID suffix may be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Starting Value All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID), starting at the number specified here. For example, if you wanted the first hole number to be 1000, the second hole to be numbered 1001, the third hole to be numbered 1002, etc, then you would enter a starting value of 1000. Sequence Rows, and Row Increment It is possible to commence each row of blast holes with an ID number that is incremented from a base value. For example, each row might commence with an even hundred value, i.e. 100 for the first row, 200 for the second row, etc. If this option is selected the incremental value that defines the starting hole ID for each new row should be entered in the row increment field. Obviously, the increment chosen must be greater than the number of columns in each row. Pad Hole id, Length, and Character To insure that holes are presented in order when viewing them in a database table, you may want to "pad" the numeric portion of the hole with a character. For example, if you wanted holes numbered ABC-001, ABC-002, ABC-003, etc, you would say "Yes" to Pad Hole_id, set Pad Length to 3, and set Pad Character to "0". Below are some examples:

Hole ID

Hole ID

Starting

Pad

Pad

Pad

Prefix

Suffix

Value

Hole_id

Length

Character

1

No

1, 2, 3

1

No

A1, A2, A3

1

No

940-1rc, 940-2rc, 940-3rc

bh-

1

Yes

3

0

bh-001, bh-002, bh-003

N_

201

Yes

4

x

N_x201, N_x202, N_x203

8

Yes

2

0

08bh, 09bh, 10bh

901

No

A 940-

rc

bh RC

Examples

RC901, RC902,RC903

Press Apply on the blast pattern design form, and a blast pattern will be generated

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3. Clip Blast pattern to area on the top bench From the Delete menu select Outside boundary and you will be prompted to Select a closed segment. Click on any point on the top bench outline and you will get an image similar to the one below.

Hint: If you want the point descriptions displayed for the drill hole collars, you can modify and resave the blast.ssi styles file, or select another styles file to use from the Customise menu, Default preferences and then make the changes you require to the Presentation tab and apply the form.

4. Save the string file and load the holes to the blast database From the File menu select Save, string/DTM and name the file bp1.str

Note: After loading a blast pattern to the database, the string layer is deleted and holes from the database displayed. This is to avoid having two copies of the blast pattern in graphics at the one time, which could potentially contain conflicting information after an editing operation. Strictly speaking you do not have to save the string file, because from v5.2 it is possible to download a pattern from a blast database back into string file format.

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From the Database menu select Database and then Upload blast holes into database. Note – make sure you are using the blast database menu as shown below, and not the geological database menu.

On the Load Blast Holes to Database form, type in bp1 for the Report file name and Apply the form. You will notice that there are two panels at the top of this form, labelled Duplicate holes in database and Extra holes in database respectively. These two panels warn you when a blast pattern with the same identification already exists in the blast database, and gives you the option of what to do in this case. There are two situations where you would have a duplicate blast pattern. The first situation is when you mistakenly type in a duplicate Pattern Identifier on the Blast Pattern Design form, in which case you should cancel the Load Blast Holes to Database form and edit the Pattern Identifier before continuing the Load Blast Holes to Database operation. Hint: use string maths to change the d2 field to a unique Pattern Identifier, before proceeding. The second situation is where you have modified an existing pattern and now wish to overwrite the original pattern stored in the blast database with the new information. Now repeat steps 1 to 4 as listed previously, to design a blast similar to what is shown below, but this time use the Rock Mass Classification (RMC) polygon file rmc_955.str, name the blast BP2 and design the holes from 955 to 950 relative level.

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5. Design a blast pattern with more that one burden and spacing using the auto spacing and burden from polygons option First recall the pit pickup, bench960_950.str, and Rock Mass Classification (RMC) polygon file, multiple_rmc_zones.str, by dragging the files, one at a time into graphics. From the Blast Design menu select Create blast pattern and you will be prompted to Select area for blasting holes. In this case select an area similar to that shown in the image below.

Now press the Enter key or the F2 key to accept the selected area. Next, fill in the Pattern Settings on the form Blast Pattern Design, selecting the option to Modify burden and spacing by polygon, name the blast BP3 and design the holes from 960 to 955 relative level. Clip the Blast pattern to the area on the top bench. You should get a blast pattern similar to the following image.

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Note: Some editing of holes will be required at the contact zone between different RMC areas, as the burden and spacing conditions can not be honoured in all cases at these locations. There are also new menu items Blast hole crest tolerance and Blast create offset line by distance under the Blast design menu. These options are useful when, for example, a minimum “set off” distance from a final pit wall is required. Holes that are within this “set off” distance can now be highlighted and edited using these new functions.

Summary You should now be familiar with how to create blast patterns using the auto spacing and burden from polygons option and loading the holes to the blast database. Included with the blast tutorial data set is a macro called 02_auto_rmc_patterns.tcl, which when executed runs through all the steps in this section of the tutorial

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Load and tie in a firing pattern Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Unload a blast pattern from the blast database into a string file format Charging blast holes Tie in a firing pattern Upload firing pattern to blast database

Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have: • • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial). Run macros 01_data_setup.tcl and then 02_auto_rmc_patterns.tcl to set up exactly the same data set as will be used in this exercise.

1. Unload a blast pattern from the blast database First recall the pit pickup, bench960_950.str, by dragging it into graphics. From the Database menu select Database and then Download blast holes from database. Note – make sure you are using the blast database menu as shown below, and not the geological database menu.

On the Select Database form, select blast_tutorial.ddb and the Hole pattern ID of BP1 Select the blast hole layer, from the layer selector (see image below), to make it the active layer

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You should now have a graphics display that looks similar to the image below:

2. Charge all holes From the Charging tools menu select Charge and then All holes. Fill out the Charging Details form as shown below and Apply the form. You will now get a charge report, charging.log. Close this report once you have inspected it to make sure hole charging has gone as expected.

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3. Tie in a diagonal firing pattern From the Firing sequence menu select Generate firing sequence, and fill in the form shown below

For this exercise, select the Diagonal-Pattern template. Use the holes from the Active layer (blast hole layer) and write the output to the layer tie_in. The diagonal pattern can also be referred to as a row by row firing sequence. After applying the form, define the first row of the pattern by clicking and dragging to identify the tie in for the first row – see the image below.

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You should end up with a display similar to the image shown below.

Note: 1) The tie in delay information is written into the description fields of each of the blast holes, so the information can be saved and uploaded to the blast database. 2) The tie in lines have been created in the new layer, in this case called “tie_in”, and you should switch to that layer and save the file if you wish to keep a copy for plotting, later recall, visualising etc., as this string file is not saved when uploading the tie in information to the blast database.

Note: There are also functions to animate and step through the blast firing sequence. From the Firing sequence menu, select Firing animation to animate the blast. The slider on the blasting toolbar will now be active and you can use it to step through the blast firing sequence, to help with troubleshooting and visualisation.

4. Upload tie in pattern to the blast database From the Database menu select Database and then Upload blast holes into database. Note – make sure you are using the blast database menu, and not the geological database menu. Apply the Loading Blast Holes to Database form, and select the blast_tutorial.ddb file on the next form and click Apply.

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You should now have a form that looks similar to the following:

Make sure you tick the option to Overwrite with new blast holes, as you now wish to replace the original data with the new pattern, including the firing sequence information. Type in bp1 for the Report file name and apply the form. Apply the Draw holes form, and the Define Query Constraints form. The firing sequence information will now be loaded to the blast database and the holes contained within the database displayed in graphics.

Note: You can view a single blast hole by selecting the Database menu, then select Display followed by View a blast hole. Note – make sure you are using the blast database menu, and not the geological database menu. You can change the display styles for such things as explosive, stemming etc. by selecting the Database menu, then select Display followed by Blast hole display styles.

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5. Tie in a V firing pattern Clear graphics and recall the pit pickup, bench960_950.str, by dragging it into graphics. From the Database menu select Database and then Download blast holes from database. On the Select Database form, select blast_tutorial.ddb and the Hole pattern ID of BP2 Select the blast hole layer, from the layer selector to make it the active layer. From the Firing sequence menu, select Generate firing sequence and fill in the form as shown below.

For this exercise, select the V-Pattern template, use the holes from the Active layer (blast hole layer) and write the output to the layer tie_in.

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After applying the form, define the apex of the V pattern, and the two sides of the V, by clicking and dragging each line as shown in the image below.

6. Tie in a customised firing pattern Clear graphics and recall the pit pickup, bench960_950.str, by dragging it into graphics. From the Database menu, select Database and then Download blast holes from database. On the Select Database form, select blast_tutorial.ddb and the Hole pattern ID of BP2 Select the blast hole layer from the layer selector to make it the active layer. From the Firing sequence menu select Customised firing sequence, and fill in the form as shown below.

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For this exercise no template has been used and you are able to tie in the holes in any order or pattern that you select. After applying the form, select some holes to define the holes in the first row. In the example below, the holes for row 1 have been selected by clicking on the end points of the row, and then pressing the Escape key. From the Firing sequence menu, select Increment row number and then select the next row in the firing sequence by clicking on either the start point, any inflection points or the end point. Once you have finished a tie in row, press the Escape key and you will be prompted to start the next row. When you have completed all rows in the firing sequence, press the Escape key twice to finish the operation.

Summary You should now know how to unload a blast pattern from a blast database into string file format, then charge all the holes, tie them into a firing sequence, and upload the information back into the blast database. Included with the blast tutorial data set are 3 macros called 03a_load_&_tie_pattern1.tcl, 03b_v_pattern.tcl and 03c_custom_pattern.tcl, which run through all the steps in this section of the tutorial.

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Create a blast boundary and blast solid Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: 1. Unload a blast pattern from the blast database into a string file format 2. Create a blast boundary, using a destruction cone around every blast hole 3. Create a blast solid using the blast boundary Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have: • • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial). Run macro 01_data_setup.tcl and then 02_auto_rmc_patterns.tcl to set up the data set to be used in this exercise.

1. Unload a blast pattern from the blast database First recall the pit pickup, bench960_950.str, by dragging it into graphics. From the Database menu select Database and then Download blast holes from database. On the Select Database form, select blast_tutorial.ddb and the Hole pattern ID of BP1 Select the blast hole layer, from the layer selector, to make it the active layer You should now have a graphics display that looks similar to the image below.

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2. Create blast boundary string From the Blast Design menu select Create blast boundary string and then fill in the form as shown below.

Note: The option to Overwrite cone angle has been ticked. Normally the value you enter as cone angle in the blast design defaults is used, but in this case the option to temporarily override the value has been selected. If you also want to view the cones that this function creates, tick the option to Create cones. By increasing the Arc distance you can reduce the number of points generated when creating the blast cone, hence speeding up the operation of generating the blast boundary.

You should now have a graphics display that looks similar to the image below.

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From the Blast design menu select Clip blast boundary by crest string and then follow the prompts to clip the blast boundary. 3. Create blast solid From the Blast design menu select Create blast solid, and fill in the form as shown below.

You should now have a blast solid displayed in graphics that looks similar to the image below.

From the File menu select Save, then string/DTM and name the file solid_bp1.dtm Summary You should now know how to unload a blast pattern from a blast database, into string file format, and then create a blast boundary from which you can then generate a blast solid. Included with the blast tutorial data set is the macro 04_blast_boundary_&_solid.tcl, which will run through all the steps in this section of the tutorial.

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Create a blast report Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: 1. Generate a blast report using a blast design and a solid created from the blast pattern. Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have: • • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial). Run macro 01_data_setup.tcl and then 02_auto_rmc_patterns.tcl and 04_blast_boundary_&_solid.tcl to set up the data set as used in this exercise.

1. Recall the pit pickup string file and blast pattern First recall the pit pickup, bench960_950.str, by dragging it into graphics. From the Database menu select Display and then Display loaded blastholes. On the Select Database form, select blast_tutorial.ddb and Apply the form On the Draw holes form, make sure Add constraint to holes is ticked and Apply the form Next, fill out the Define Query Constraints form as shown below and Apply the form.

You should now have the blast pattern and pit pickup displayed in graphics. Familiarise yourself with this data by zooming in, rotating etc. before continuing.

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2. Generate a blast summary report From the Report menu select Blast summary and then fill in the form as shown below.

Note: There are three options for the report type. Generally the consolidated report is the best option to select, as it will still produce a report in most situations even if some information is not available. For example, if the blast pattern contains two rock classifications but the blast solid contains only one object/trisolation, then a detailed report cannot be produced because there is no way to determine what proportion of the volume belongs to which rock classification. In this case the consolidated report will still produce a report using the total combined volume.

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Apply the Modify Blast Solid Details form without changing anything.

Note: The option Override blast solid details allows you to temporally override the blast solid details when producing a blast report. The idea here is that the blast solid detail entries for Blast pattern, and Rock mass Classification, must match the information stored in the database for the specified blast pattern, in order that a complete blast report can be generated. By ticking this option, a second panel is enabled, from which you can select values to temporarily use to generating the blast report.

You should now have a blast summary report, bp1.not, displayed.

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3. Generate a blast work order report From the Report menu select Blast summary and then fill in the form as shown below:

Apply the Modify Blast Solid Details form without changing anything. You should now have a blast work order report, work_order_bp1.not, displayed. Summary You should now understand how to generate a blast summary report, and a blast work order report using a blast design and a solid created from the blast pattern. Included with the blast tutorial data set are the macros 05a_blast_report.tcl and 05b_blast_work_order.tcl which will run through all the steps in this section of the tutorial. By completing all of the exercises in this tutorial, you will have an overview of most of the new drill & blast design and reporting functions using features added in Surpac Vision v5.2.

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Pre-split Holes Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: 1. What are Pre-split Holes? 2. Creating Pre-split Holes along a segment 3. Creating Pre-split Holes along a straight line Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have: • • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial). A good understanding of the basic Surpac concepts of strings, segments, DTMs, and string tools (specifically string maths).

1. What are Presplit Holes? Often holes are drilled at relatively close spacing along a planned fracture plane. These holes are referred to in Surpac as presplit holes. Surpac can create presplit holes along a straight line, or along a segment. The example below shows presplit holes created along a segment, and in a straight line. One set of holes are created from one segment, the crest of a bench, to another segment, the toe of the ramp. The horizontal holes, which could be used as drains in a pit wall, or for sampling, were created along a straight line.

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2. Creating Presplit Holes Along a Segment Recall the file bench940.str into graphics. Draw the string numbers. You should see the following:

Click and drag in the graphics viewport to become familiar with the file. Note that the following string numbers are used:

String

Description

1

ramp strings

940

940 elevation design toe

950

950 elevation design toe and crest

960

960 elevation design crest

We will be creating a pattern near the ramp from the 950 elevation to the toe of the ramp.

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The holes we will be creating are shown below:

Since presplit holes can only be created in plan view, we need to return to a plan view. Window in on the ramp area, as shown below:

From the Blast design menu select Pre-split holes along a segment, click down on the 950 crest as shown, and drag (holding the mouse key down) to the top of the ramp, then release the mouse key. If, as you were dragging, any other segment was highlighted, you may have selected a different string. If any other string was selected, press the Escape key and try again.

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Once you have successfully selected the 950 crest string, the Pre-split Parameters form will be displayed. Fill in the form as shown below and press Apply:

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A detailed explanation of each field on the Pre-split Parameters form follows: Spacing input Either Spacing or No holes (i.e., "Number of holes"). If you select Spacing, you will be prompted to enter the spacing distance between holes. The number of holes is calculated based on the line length, and displayed on the form. As shown on the Pre-split Parameters above, if the line length is 112.283, and the spacing is 5, the number of holes is 23 (truncated integer value of (112.3/5 + 1) ). If you select No holes, you will be prompted for the number of holes you want drilled between the first and last points. The spacing between holes is calculated based on the line length, and displayed on the form. If the line length is 112.283, and you enter number of holes as 11, the spacing between holes will be 11.228 (112.283/ (11 - 1) ). Collar Elevation Either Fixed, Selected Segment, DTM layer, or DTM file. If Fixed is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The collar elevations of all presplit holes created will be set to this value. If you select Selected Segment, the collar elevations of all holes will be set to the elevation of the selected segment at the specified distance along the segment. If you select DTM layer, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which contains a DTM. The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM at the XY coordinates of the collar location.

Note: This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools.

If you select DTM file, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and also whether or not you wish for this file to be displayed. The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM at the XY coordinates of the collar location. Toe Elevation Either Set Length, Set Elevation, DTM layer, DTM file, or Set to Segment. If Set Length is selected, you will be prompted to enter a hole length. The length of all holes created will be set to this value. If Set Elevation is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The elevation of the toes (end, or bottom point) of all holes created will be set to this value. If DTM layer is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which contains a DTM. This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM. If DTM file is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and whether or not you would like to see the DTM file displayed. The nominated DTM must be numbered object 1, trisolation 1, and it must be a DTM surface - not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM.

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If Set to Segment is selected, after the form is applied, you will be prompted to enter a Segment offset, and a Fix Value. You will then be prompted to select a segment, and, if the segment offset amount is not zero, you will be prompted to select which side of the segment you wish the toes to be extended. Where possible, the holes will be extended to the segment at the nominated offset distance. In some cases, such as interior corners shown below, you must choose between maintaining the bearing or the offset of the hole. If you set Fix Value to Bearing, the orientation of the holes will remain perpendicular to the collar segment, but the offset will not be honoured. If you set Fix Value to Offset, the offset distance will be honoured, but the bearing of the hole will not be perpendicular to the collar segment. Bearing

Offset

Bearing and Hole Bearing If Hole Length is Set to Segment, hole bearing and dip will be determined by the geometry of the selected segment so the bearing, hole bearing, and dip will not require input. If Hole Length is anything else, you must enter the method for calculating the bearing of the hole as either Set Bearing or Perp. to Segment. If you select Set Bearing, you must enter a value for Hole Bearing (from 0 to 360). The bearing (also know as azimuth) of all holes in this pattern will be set to this value. For vertical holes, hole bearing may be set to any value. Zero is commonly used for the bearing of vertical holes. The bearing is measured as the azimuth in plan view from the collar to the toe, or end of the hole. The value entered for Hole Bearing will be used for all holes, regardless of the orientation of the segment. If you select Perp. to Segment, all holes will be created perpendicular to the segment. Hole Dip If Hole Length is Set to Segment, hole bearing and dip will be determined by the geometry of the selected segment, and bearing, hole bearing, and dip will not require input. Hole dip may be set to any value from -90 to 0. The dip of all holes in this pattern will be set to this value. For vertical holes drilled down, hole dip should be set to -90. For horizontal holes, the dip should be set to zero. The dip is measured as the angle from the horizontal plane to the toe, or end of the hole. Hole Diameter The hole diameter is to be entered in units of measure. If you are using the metric system, this is in meters. For example, a 76mm hole would be entered as 0.076 (meters). If you are using the imperial system, enter this value as feet. For example, a 6 inch hole would be entered as 0.5 (feet). The diameter is written to the D4 field of the first point of the segment which represents the hole.

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Clip to Boundary After you apply this form, if CLIP TO BOUNDARY is set to Yes, you will be prompted to select a closed segment. All holes whose collar location would have fallen outside this boundary will be deleted. Direction of the boundary segment is ignored. In other words, if the segment is anticlockwise, it is treated as if it was clockwise for determining if a hole is inside or outside the segment. Pattern Identifier The pattern identifier is a string of text and/or numbers that will be written to the field blast_pattern if the data is written to a database. The pattern identifier is written to the D1 field of the first point of the segment which represents each hole. Hole ID Prefix All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to precede the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3, etc., you would enter "940-" as the hole ID prefix. The hole ID prefix may be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Hole ID Suffix All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to come after the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter "rc" as the hole ID suffix. The hole ID suffix may be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Starting Value All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID), starting at the number specified here. For example, if you wanted the first hole number to be 101, the second hole to be numbered 102, the third hole to be numbered 103, etc, then you would enter a starting value of 101. Pad Hole_id, Length, and Character To ensure that holes are presented in order when viewing them in a database table, you may want to "pad" the numeric portion of the hole with a character. For example, if you wanted holes numbered ABC-001, ABC-002, ABC-003, etc, you would say "Yes" to Pad Hole_id, set Pad Length to 3, and set Pad Character to "0". Below are some examples: Hole ID

Hole ID

Starting

Pad

Pad

Pad

Prefix

Suffix

Value

Hole_id

Length

Character

1

No

1, 2, 3

1

No

A1, A2, A3

1

No

940-1rc, 940-2rc, 940-3rc

bh-

1

Yes

3

0

bh-001, bh-002, bh-003

N_

201

Yes

4

x

N_x201, N_x202, N_x203

8

Yes

2

0

08bh, 09bh, 10bh

901

No

A 940-

rc

bh RC

Examples

RC901, RC902,RC903

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After pressing APPLY at the Pre-split Parameters , you will be prompted to select segment which will be used as the toe position. Select the ramp string as shown:

You should now see the presplit holes created: type in the command PD and select the d3 description field to get a display similar to that below

Note that the holes are numbered with the prefix 940-, suffix of "ps", and are drilled from the 950 crest down to the ramp toe. The result will be a series of two-point segments in the layer blast hole layer which represent individual holes. The first point of the segment is at the collar, and the second point of the segment is the toe, or end of the hole. If the layer blast hole layer does not exist, it gets created. If there are no strings in the blast hole layer, or if the blast hole layer does not exist, the string number used for the holes will be the design string number. If there are strings in the blast hole layer, the string number assigned to the holes will be one greater than the maximum string number.

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Use ERASE DESCRIPTIONS to erase the hole numbers. Spin the data around on the screen. You should see something like this:

Use IDENTIFY POINT and click on the collars and toes of some holes. Note that the following data is present in the string file:

Collar (start of segment) Toe (end of segment)

D1

D2

D3

D4

D5

DrillBlast1.1

Hole ID

Hole Number

Hole Length

Diameter

blank

blank

blank

blank

blank

We want to ensure that we only create holes which are at least 1.5 meters long, as anything shorter is not worth blasting. Use DRAW DESCRIPTIONS (alias PD) to draw description field D4 on all points.

Return to plan view, and window in on the southern end of the presplit holes. You should now see that at least one hole is less than 1.5 meters in length. Your hole lengths will probably not be exactly the same as what is displayed.

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You will need to delete these holes. Select menu Delete and Single hole, then click on all holes less than 1.5 meters in length. Save the file as PATTERN940-2.STR

You have now completed creating a presplit pattern along a segment!

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3. Creating Presplit Holes Along a Straight Line If you have just completed the previous exercise use LAYER DELETE ALL (alias LDA) to delete all layers except for the main graphics layer, and to delete all data in the main graphics layer. Select and drag the file bench940.str into graphics. Display the string numbers. You should see the following:

Click and drag in the graphics viewport to become familiar with the file. Note that the following string numbers are used:

String

Description

1

ramp strings

940

940 elevation design toe

950

950 elevation design toe and crest

960

960 elevation design crest

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We will be creating horizontal drain holes on the pit wall. The holes we will be creating are shown below:

We will be using a DTM of the pit wall in this area to set the elevation of the holes. This is only done as an example to demonstrate how presplit holes can be created in a straight line, and how the elevations of the collars can be set using a DTM file. In practice, there is probably a better method: there would probably be a desired elevation that the collars could be set at, and using PRE-SPLIT SEG along a contour line at that elevation would probably be a better way to actually complete this task. This approach is only used to demonstrate PRE-SPLIT LINE. First, we must create a DTM of BENCH940.STR. Use CREATE DTM to do this. The resulting file will be BENCH940.DTM:

It is not necessary to display this file in graphics in order to use it to create holes

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Since presplit holes can only be created in plan view, you need to return to a plan view. Window in on the north end of the two ramps, as shown:

From the Blast design menu select Pre-split holes along a line, click down on a point approximately halfway between the 960 crest and the 950 toe as shown, and drag (holding the mouse key down) to a point just south of there, then release the mouse key. If you have any problems, just press the Esc key and try again.

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Once you have successfully selected a line, the Pre-split Parameters form will be displayed. Fill in the form as shown, and press Apply:

The exact coordinates of the Line Origin may be slightly different for you - as long as they are close to what is shown here, that is OK. In this case, note that we are nominating a DTM to set the collar elevations. What this means is that the elevation of the holes created will be equal to the elevation of the DTM at the given XY coordinates of each hole. We are also setting the Bearing of the holes to be Perp. to Segment (perpendicular to the line we clicked and dragged). After this form is applied, we will be prompted to select which side of the line we clicked and dragged to create where we want the holes to be drilled. By setting the hole dip to zero degrees, we will be creating horizontal holes. With a prefix of 950-, a suffix of d, and a starting value of 701, the holes will be numbered 950-701d, 950-702d, 950-703d, etc.

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A detailed explanation of the fields on the form follows: Line Origin The X (easting) and Y (northing) of the first point clicked with the mouse will be displayed. These coordinates can be edited on the form. Line Length The length of the line (from the first point the mouse was clicked to the point where the mouse was released) is displayed. The length of this line can be edited on the form. Bearing (of the line) The bearing of the line (from the first point the mouse was clicked to the point where the mouse was released) is displayed. This bearing can be edited on the form. Spacing Input Either Spacing or No holes (i.e., "Number of holes"). If you select Spacing, you will be prompted to enter the spacing distance between holes. The number of holes is calculated based on the line length, and displayed on the form. As shown on the Pre-split parameters form above, if the line length is 40, and the spacing is 4, the number of holes is 11 ( (40/4 + 1) ). If you select No holes (i.e., "Number of holes"), you will be prompted for the number of holes you want drilled between the first and last points. The spacing between holes is calculated based on the line length, and displayed on the form. If the line length is 40, and you enter number of holes as 9, the spacing between holes will be 5 ( 40 / (9 - 1) ). Collar Elevation Either Fixed, DTM layer, or DTM file. If Fixed is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The collar elevations of all presplit holes created will be set to this value. If you select DTM layer, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which contains a DTM. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM. Note: This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools.

The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM at the XY coordinates of the collar location. If you select DTM file, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and also whether or not you wish for this file to be displayed. The collar elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM at the XY coordinates of the collar location. Toe Elevation Either Set Length, Set Elevation, DTM layer, DTM file or Set to Segment. If Set Length is selected, you will be prompted to enter a hole length. The length of all holes created will be set to this value. If Set Elevation is selected, you will be prompted to enter an elevation (Z value). The elevation of the toes (end, or bottom point) of all holes created will be set to this value.

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If DTM layer is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of another existing layer which contains a DTM. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM. Note: This layer must contain a DTM that is numbered object 1, trisolation 1. This DTM must be a DTM surface and not a 3D solid model. In other words, the DTM must have been created using the function CREATE DTM, and not with any of the solids modelling tools.

If DTM file is selected, you will be prompted to enter the name of an existing DTM file, and whether or not you would like to see the DTM file displayed. The toe elevation of each hole will be set to the elevation of the DTM where the hole intersects the DTM. If Set to Segment is selected after the form is applied, you will be prompted to enter a Segment offset, and a Fix Value. You will then be prompted to select a segment, and, if the segment offset amount is not zero, you will be prompted to select which side of the segment you wish the toes to be extended. Where possible, the holes will be extended to the segment at the nominated offset distance. In some cases, such as interior corners shown below, you must choose between maintaining the bearing or the offset of the hole. If you set Fix Value to Bearing, the orientation of the holes will remain perpendicular to the collar segment, but the offset will not be honoured. If you set Fix Value to Offset, the offset distance will be honoured, but the bearing of the hole will not be perpendicular to the collar segment.

Bearing

Offset

Bearing and Hole Bearing If Hole Length is Set to Segment, hole bearing and dip will be determined by the geometry of the selected segment, and bearing, hole bearing, and dip will not require input. If Hole Length is anything else, you must enter the method for calculating the bearing of the hole as either Set Bearing or Perp. to Segment. If you select Set Bearing, you must enter a value for Hole Bearing (from 0 to 360). The bearing (also known as azimuth) of all holes in this pattern will be set to this value. For vertical holes, hole bearing may be set to any value. Zero is commonly used for the bearing of vertical holes. The bearing is measured as the azimuth in plan view from the collar to the toe, or end of the hole. The value entered for Hole Bearing will be used for all holes, regardless of the orientation of the segment. If you select Perp. to Segment, all holes will be created perpendicular to the segment.

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Hole Dip If Hole Length is Set to Segment, hole bearing and dip will be determined by the geometry of the selected segment, and bearing, hole bearing, and dip will not require input. Hole dip may be set to any value from -90 to 0. The dip of all holes in this pattern will be set to this value. For vertical holes drilled down, hole dip should be set to -90. For horizontal holes, the dip should be set to zero. The dip is measured as the angle from the horizontal plane to the toe, or end of the hole. Hole Diameter The hole diameter is to be entered in units of measure. If you are using the metric system, this is in meters. For example, a 76mm hole would be entered as 0.076 (meters). If you are using the imperial system, enter this value as feet. For example, a 6 inch hole would be entered as 0.5 (feet). The diameter is written to the D4 field of the first point of the segment which represents the hole. Clip to Boundary After you apply this form, if CLIP TO BOUNDARY is set to Yes, then you will be prompted to select a closed segment. All holes whose collar location would have fallen outside this boundary will be deleted. Direction of the boundary segment is ignored. In other words, if the segment is anticlockwise, it is treated as if it was clockwise for determining if a hole is inside or outside the segment. Pattern Identifier The pattern identifier is a string of text and/or numbers that will be written to the field blast_pattern if the data is written to a database. The pattern identifier is written to the D1 field of the first point of the segment which represents each hole. Hole ID Prefix All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to precede the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3, etc., you would enter "940-" as the hole ID prefix. The hole ID prefix may be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Hole ID Suffix All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID). Any characters which you wish to come after the numeric portion of the hole name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the holes to be numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter "rc" as the hole ID suffix. The hole ID suffix may be left blank. If it is blank, the holes will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. Starting Value All holes will be created with a numeric hole name (hole ID), starting at the number specified here. For example, if you wanted the first hole number to be 101, the second hole to be numbered 102, the third hole to be numbered 103, etc, then you would enter a starting value of 101. Pad Hole_id, Length, and Character To insure that holes are presented in order when viewing them in a database table, you may want to "pad" the numeric portion of the hole with a character. For example, if you wanted holes numbered ABC-001, ABC-002, ABC-003, etc, you would say "Yes" to Pad Hole_id, set Pad Length to 3, and set Pad Character to "0".

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Below are some examples:

Hole ID

Hole ID

Starting

Pad

Pad

Pad

Prefix

Suffix

Value

Hole_id

Length

Character

1

No

1, 2, 3

1

No

A1, A2, A3

1

No

940-1rc, 940-2rc, 940-3rc

bh-

1

Yes

3

0

bh-001, bh-002, bh-003

N_

201

Yes

4

x

N_x201, N_x202, N_x203

8

Yes

2

0

08bh, 09bh, 10bh

901

No

A 940-

rc

bh RC

Examples

RC901, RC902,RC903

After pressing APPLY at the Pre-split Parameters form, you will be prompted to select the direction to which the holes will be drilled. Select a point to the east of the line as shown below:

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You should now see the presplit holes created:

Note that the holes are numbered with the prefix 950-, suffix of "d", start at hole 701, and are horizontal. The result will be a series of two-point segments in the layer "blast hole layer" which represent individual holes. The first point of the segment is at the collar, and the second point of the segment is the toe, or end of the hole. If the layer "blast hole layer" does not exist, it gets created. If there are no strings in the blast hole layer, or if the blast hole layer does not exist, the string number used for the holes will be the design string number. If there are strings in the blast hole layer, the string number assigned to the holes will be one greater than the maximum string number. Spin the data around on the screen. You should see something like this:

Save the file as pattern940-3.STR Summary You should now know how to generate a pre-split holes along a segment or a defined line. Included with the blast tutorial data set are the macros 06a_presplit_holes_segment.tcl and 06b_presplit_holes_line.tcl which will run through all the steps in this section of the tutorial.

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Blast Database Concepts Overview The following concepts will be presented in this chapter: 1. Tables and Fields in a Drill & Blast Database 2. Creating a New Database for Drill & Blast 3. Upgrading an Existing Blast Database Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have: • • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial). A good understanding of the basic Surpac concepts of strings, segments, DTMs, and databases.

1. Tables and Fields in a Drill & Blast Database Table and fields for a drill and blast database are shown below: TABLES

FIELDS

Collar hole_id y x z max_depth hole_path blast_pattern blasting_method delay drill_rig ground_water_level hole_diameter rock_class subdrill surface_delay

Survey hole_id depth dip azimuth

Translation table_name field_name code num_equiv description

Sample hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to

Styles code field_name from_value graphics_colour graphics_pattern line_colour line_style line_weight marker_size marker_style plotting_colour plotting_pattern style_type table_name to_value

Charging hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to explosive detonator delay booster det_position Num_of_ boosters Num_of dets

2. Creating a new Drill & Blast Database From the Blast design profile, select the Database menu then Database and Open database. Enter the name of the new database (eg. temp) and Apply the form

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Apply the forms as shown below:

At this point a database will be created and you can see that a connection is made to the database in the status items at the bottom of the screen.

From the Database menu, select Database then Close database to disconnect from the database. 3. Upgrading a v5.0 Blast Database From the Blast design profile, select the Database menu then Database and Upgrade blast database. Note: Make sure you are using the Database menu from the drill and blast menu bar and not from the geological database menu. Select the name of the blast database as shown below and apply the form.

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Tick the two boxes as shown below and Apply the form

Click Yes as shown on the form below:

You should now have an understanding of database concepts including tables and fields, creating a new database and upgrading a v5.0 database

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Loading the Blast Database Overview Loading Sample Intervals into a Database Requirements Prior to performing the exercises in this chapter, you should have: • • •

Surpac Vision v5.2 installed The drill and blast tutorial data set (zip file for drill and blast tutorial). A good understanding of the basic Surpac concepts of strings, segments, DTMs, and databases.

1. Loading Sample Intervals into a Database From the Blast design profile, select the Database menu then Database and Open database. Select grade_control.ddb and Apply the form.

From the File menu, select Open then String/DTM file Open upload_holes1.str into the blast hole layer, as shown below:

From the Blast design profile, select the Database menu then Database and Upload blast holes into database

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You will now see the form as shown below.

After reviewing the above form, click Apply. Following is an explanation of each field on the form: Overwrite with new blast holes If one or more holes in the blast hole layer have exactly the same hole id (name) as holes already in the database, then you can select whether or not to overwrite the existing data in the database with this data. If duplicate holes exist and Overwrite is set to "Y", all data in any table in the database with a hole id which is listed under "Duplicate Blast Holes" will be deleted. Collar and survey information (and optionally, sample and charging data) for the new holes will be loaded into the database.

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If duplicate holes exist and Overwrite is set to "N", the database will be left untouched, and none of the data from the blast hole layer will be loaded to the database. As an example, if a hole named 950-801 exists in the database, with data in the collar, survey, and sample table, and you select to overwrite it, all of the data pertaining to hole 950-801 in the collar, survey, and sample tables will be deleted. Load sample data If you select "Y", you will be prompted to enter the name of an interval table. Sample intervals will be created in the nominated table If you select "N", you will not be prompted to enter a table name. No new sample intervals will be created in any table in the database. (Sample) Table name The sample table selected here must be an interval type of table (i.e., the table must contain the following fields as a minimum: TABLE NAME FIELD NAMES

SAMPLE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to

It is not necessary to have sample element fields in order to create sample intervals. In the example immediately above, the SAMPLE table only contains hole_id, samp_id, depth_from, and depth_to. It does not contain any sample element fields, such as gold, silver, copper, ash_content, DDT_ppm, etc., and yet it is acceptable to load sample intervals into such a table. Fields may be added afterward with the ADD FIELD option. Additional rows of data will be written to the nominated table. The hole_id will be taken from the string data in the blast hole layer. The samp_id will be taken from the sample prefix, suffix, and sample id method chosen. The fields depth_from and depth_to will be calculated from the sampling method selected. Sample prefix All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample ID). Any characters which you wish to precede the alphanumeric portion of the sample name can be entered here. You can use the characters "%ID%" to represent the hole ID. For example, if the hole ID was 940, and you wanted the samples to be numbered 940-1, 940-2, 940-3, etc., you would enter "%ID%-" as the sample prefix. The sample prefix may be left blank. If it is blank, the samples will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. or A, B, C, etc. Increment start All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample ID), starting at the number or letter specified here. For example, if you wanted the first sample number to be 101, the second sample to be numbered 102, the third sample to be numbered 103, etc, then you would enter a starting value of 101. Sample Suffix All samples will be created with an incrementing alphanumeric (letters or numbers) sample name (sample ID). Any characters which you wish to come after the alphanumeric portion of the sample name can be entered here. For example, if you wanted the samples to be numbered 1rc, 2rc, 3rc, etc., you would enter "rc" as the sample suffix. The sample suffix may be left blank. If it is blank, the samples will be numbered 1, 2, 3, etc. or A, B, C, etc.

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Padding Length and Padding Character To insure that samples are presented in order when viewing them in a database table, you may want to "pad" the numeric portion of the hole with a character. For example, if you wanted samples numbered ABC-001, ABC-002, ABC-003, etc, you would set Pad Length to 3, and set Pad Character to "0". Increment method Either continuous or reset at each hole. If you want your samples to start incrementing at each new hole, use reset at each hole. If you want your sample numbers at the start of each hole to be one greater than the value at the end of the previous hole, use continuous For example, if you were taking two samples per hole, and set Increment method to reset at each hole, Sample prefix to %ID%-, Increment start to "A", and were starting with hole ID DH5, you would get sample ids of: DH5-A, DH5-B, DH6-A, DH6-B, DH7-A, DH7-B. If you were taking two samples per hole, and set Increment method to "continuous", Sample prefix to %ID%-, Increment start to "A", and were starting with hole ID DH5, you would get sample ids of: DH5-A, DH5-B, DH6-C, DH6-D, DH7-E, DH7-F. Below are some examples of sample ids: Sample Increment Pad Pad Sample Increment Example Sample ID Prefix Start Length Character Suffix Method 950-8 1 0 0 continuous 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 950-8 A 1 0 0 continuous A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 950-8_1, 950-8_2, 950-8 %ID%_ 1 0 0 continuous 950-8_3, 950-9_1, 950-9_2 950-8-A, 950-8-B, 950-8 %ID%A 0 0 continuous 950-8-C, 950-9-A, 950-9-B BM098, BM099, DH3 BM 98 3 0 continuous BM100, BM101, BM102 DH3_1, DH3_2, DH3 %ID% 1 2 _ reset DH3_3, DH4_1, DH4_2 DH04-1a, DH04-2a, DH04 %ID%1 0 0 a reset DH04-3a, DH05-1a, DH05-2a,

Hole ID

Sampling method and Sample length(s) Either fixed length, varying lengths, or single sample. If you select fixed length, sample increments will be created at the sample length specified down the hole. If you enter a sample length shorter than the hole length, multiple samples per hole are possible. If you enter a sample length equal to the hole length, you will get one sample per hole. If you enter a sample length longer than the hole length, the sample length will be equal to the hole length. If you select varying lengths, sample increments of uneven length will be created at the set of sample lengths entered. The sample lengths must be separated by semicolons. For example, if you wanted samples from 0 to 1, 1 to 4, and 4 to 9, you would enter 1;4;9.

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If you select single sample, you will get one sample per hole. If you leave sample length(s) blank, the sample will be equal to the length of the hole. If you enter a sample length equal to or shorter than the hole length, the sample will be set to that length. If you enter a sample length longer than the hole length, the sample length will be set equal to the length of the hole. End sample method The end sample method allows you to select how to deal with the last sample in a hole, in the case where the depth_to value of the last sample is not equal to the hole length. Where the depth_to value of the last sample is equal to the end of the hole, the End sample method is irrelevant. The options for End sample method are: ignore partial sample, include partial sample, extend to hole length, extend on tolerance, or include if min length. If you select ignore partial sample, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be ignored. For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the remaining 3m after the last full sample (40m to 50m) would be ignored. Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 IGNORE PARTIAL SAMPLE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3

DH3_1

0

10

DH3

DH3_2

10

20

DH3

DH3_3

20

30

DH3

DH3_4

30

40

DH3

DH3_5

40

50

If you select include partial sample, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as a partial sample. For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the remaining 3m after the last full sample (40m to 50m) would be included as a sample of 3m. Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 IGNORE PARTIAL SAMPLE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3

DH3_1

0

10

DH3

DH3_2

10

20

DH3

DH3_3

20

30

DH3

DH3_4

30

40

DH3

DH3_5

40

50

DH3

DH3_6

50

53

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If you select extend to hole length, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as part of the last sample. For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the last sample in the hole would be adjusted to be from 40m to 53m. Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10

EXTEND TO HOLE LENGTH hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3

DH3_1

0

10

DH3

DH3_2

10

20

DH3

DH3_3

20

30

DH3

DH3_4

30

40

DH3

DH3_5

40

53

If you select extend on tolerance, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as part of the last sample if it is with the specified end of hole tolerance value. For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the last sample in the hole would be adjusted to be from 40m to 53m if the end hole tolerance was greater than 3m, otherwise the over drill would be ignored with the last sample being from 40m to 50m. Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 End hole tolerance distance: 5

EXTEND ON TOLERANCE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3

DH3_1

0

10

DH3

DH3_2

10

20

DH3

DH3_3

20

30

DH3

DH3_4

30

40

DH3

DH3_5

40

53

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Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 End hole tolerance distance: 2 EXTEND ON TOLERANCE hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3

DH3_1

0

10

DH3

DH3_2

10

20

DH3

DH3_3

20

30

DH3

DH3_4

30

40

DH3

DH3_5

40

50

If you select include if min length, then any part of the hole after the last full sample will be included as a partial sample if it is of at least the specified minimum length for a sample. For example if you specified fixed samples of 10m and your actual hole depth was 53m, then the remaining 3m after the last full sample (40m to 50m) would be included as a sample of 3m providing the specified minimum distance for a sample was greater than 3m. Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 Minimum distance: 1 INCLUDE IF MIN LENGTH 1 hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3

DH3_1

0

10

DH3

DH3_2

10

20

DH3

DH3_3

20

30

DH3

DH3_4

30

40

DH3

DH3_5

40

50

DH3

DH3_6

50

53

Hole depth: 53 Fixed sample length: 10 Minimum distance: 7 INCLUDE IF MIN LENGTH 7 hole_id samp_id depth_from depth_to DH3

DH3_1

0

10

DH3

DH3_2

10

20

DH3

DH3_3

20

30

DH3

DH3_4

30

40

DH3

DH3_5

40

50

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After the database is loaded, you will see a text file pop up with the results of loading the database. An example report is shown below:

This particular report indicates that the data was loaded successfully, and that any partial sample increments at the end of the hole were disregarded. Summary You should now be familiar with how to create a new blast database or upgrade an existing blast database and upload sample intervals into the database. If you want to see all of the steps performed in this chapter, either run or edit: 01_data_setup.tcl 02_auto_rmc_patterns.tcl 03a_load_&_tie_pattern.tcl 03b_v_pattern.tcl 03c_custom_pattern.tcl 04_blast_boundary_&_solid.tcl 05a_blast_report.tcl 05b_blast_work_order.tcl 06a_presplit_holes_segment 06a_presplit_holes_line 07_blast_database Note: At times the macros will pause, displaying Click in graphics to continue in the message window. You will need to click in graphics each time to allow the macro to continue. Also, you will need to Apply any forms which are presented.

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