Norma ISO 13385 [PDF]

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COMMITTEE DRAFT ISO/CD 13385

COMMITTEE DRAFT

Date

Reference number

2001-09-28

ISO/TC 213 N 444

Supersedes document ISO/TC 213/WG 6 N 89

WARNING: This document is not an International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard. Circulated to P- and O-members, and to technical committees and organizations in liaison for:

ISO/TC 213 Title

Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification Secretariat

discussion at [venue/date of meeting]

comments by 2001-12-31 [date]

DS approval for registration as a DIS in accordance with 2.5.6 of part 1 of the ISO/IEC Directives, by

2001-12-31 [date]

(P-members vote only: ballot form attached) P-members of the technical committee or subcommittee concerned have an obligation to vote. Title (English)

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring instruments: Callipers and depth gauges — Design and metrological requirements Title (French)

Spécification géometrique des produits (GPS) — Instruments de mesurage dimensionnel: Pieds àcoulisse et jauges de profondeur — Spécifications de conception et spécifications métrologiques

Reference language version:

English

French

Russian

Introductory note

This Committee Draft been submitted for ballot within ISO/TC 213 according to ISO/TC 213 N th 429E, Resolution 460 (London 14/2000), adopted at the 11 plenary meeting in London, UK, on 27 June 2001.

Copyright notice This ISO document is a committee draft and is copyright protected by ISO. While the reproduction of committee drafts in any form for use by participants in the ISO standards development process is permitted without prior permission from ISO, neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior written permission from ISO. Requests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed to the secretariat indicated above or to ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Violators may be prosecuted. © ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

FORM 7 (ISO) Version/V97.1.2

ISO/CD 13385

Copyright notice This ISO document is a working draft or committee draft and is copyright-protected by ISO. While the reproduction of working drafts or committee drafts in any form for use by participants in the ISO standards development process is permitted without prior permission from ISO, neither this document nor any extract from it may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form for any other purpose without prior written permission from ISO. Requests for permission to reproduce this document for the purpose of selling it should be addressed as shown below or to ISO’s member body in the country of the requester: [Indicate : the full address telephone number fax number telex number and electronic mail address as appropriate, of the Copyright Manager of the ISO member body responsible for the secretariat of the TC or SC within the framework of which the draft has been prepared] Reproduction for sales purposes may be subject to royalty payments or a licensing agreement. Violators may be prosecuted.

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ISO/CD 13385

Contents

Page

Foreword.....................................................................................................................................................................iv Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................v 1

Scope...............................................................................................................................................................1

2

Normative references ....................................................................................................................................1

3

Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................1

4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.4

Design characteristics...................................................................................................................................2 General design and nomenclature ...............................................................................................................2 Dimensions.....................................................................................................................................................4 Types of indicating devices ..........................................................................................................................5 Analogue indicating devices ........................................................................................................................5 Hardness of measuring faces.......................................................................................................................8

5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5.4

Metrological characteristics .........................................................................................................................8 General ............................................................................................................................................................8 Effect of slider locking...................................................................................................................................8 Error of indication (MPE)...............................................................................................................................8 Small surface contact error (MPE 1) ............................................................................................................8 Scale shift error (MPE 2) ...............................................................................................................................8 Line contact error (MPE 3) ............................................................................................................................9 Full contact error (MPE 4) .............................................................................................................................9 Instrument specification sheet .....................................................................................................................9

6

Calibration of metrological characteristics ...............................................................................................10

Annex A (informative) Error tests ............................................................................................................................11 A.1 Test methods................................................................................................................................................11 A.2 Error of Indication ........................................................................................................................................11 A.2.1 Small surface contact error ........................................................................................................................11 A.2.2 Scale shift error............................................................................................................................................11 A.2.3 Line contact error.........................................................................................................................................12 A.2.4 Full contact error..........................................................................................................................................12 Annex B (informative) Advice on application .........................................................................................................13 Annex C (informative) Other Types of Callipers.....................................................................................................14 Annex D (informative) Types of Measurements .....................................................................................................15 Annex E (informative) Data sheet (Example) ..........................................................................................................16 Annex F (informative) Relation to the GPS-matrix model .....................................................................................17 F.1 Information about this International Standard and its use......................................................................17 F.2 Position in the GPS matrix model ..............................................................................................................17 F.3 Related International Standards.................................................................................................................17

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ISO/CD 13385

Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 13385 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 213, Dimensional and geometrical product specification and verifikation. This first edition cancels and replaces ISO 3599:1976 and ISO 6906:1984 which have been technically revised.

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ISO/CD 13385

Introduction This International Standard is a Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a global GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences chain link5 of the chains of standards on size and distance in the general GPS matrix. For more detailed information on the relation of this standard to other standards and the GPS matrix model see Annex C.

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v

COMMITTEE DRAFT

ISO/CD 13385

Geometrical product specifications (GPS) — Dimensional measuring instruments: Callipers and depth gauges — Design and metrological requirements

1

Scope

This International Standard provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of callipers and depth gauges 

with vernier scale



with circular scale (dial)



with digital indication

This standard does not address micrometer style depth gauges.

2

Normative references

The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International Standard. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this International Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 3650:1998, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — Length standards — Gauge blocks ISO 14253-1:1999, Geometrical product specification (GPS) – Inspection by measurement of Workpieces and measuring equipment-Part 1: Decision rules for proving conformance or non-conformance with specifications. ISO/TS 14253-2:1999, Geometrical product specification (GPS) - Inspection by measurement of Workpieces and measuring equipment-Part 2: Guide to the estimation of uncertainty of measurement in calibration of measuring equipment and product verification ISO /DIS 14978:2001, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) — General concepts and requirement for GPS measurement equipment International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology (VIM). BIPM, IFCC, IEC, ISO, IUPAP, OIML, 2nd edition, 1993

3

Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this International Standard, the terms and definitions given in ISO 14 978, VIM and the following apply.

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ISO/CD 13385

3.1 calliper measuring instrument which measures on the basis of the movement of a slider with a measuring jaw, moving relatively to a measuring scale on a beam and a firm jaw See figures 1 and 2. NOTE 1 Calliper with an additional measuring face at the end of the beam and a depth measuring rod are called universal calliper (see figure 1). NOTE 2 The readout may be analogue or by a digital display. In the case of digital display instruments a transfer of data may be possible. NOTE 3 Callipers are suitable for external and internal measurements, universal callipers may be used to make many types of measurement. The slider of a universal calliper may be developed to measure heights or steps (see Annex D). NOTE 4

The calliper does not comply with the ABBE Principle (see Annex B).

3.2 Depth gauge measuring instrument which measures on the basis of the movement of a slider, moving relatively to a measuring scale on a beam fixed to the measuring face NOTE 1 See figure 3.The readout may be analogue or by a digital display. In the case of digital display instruments a transfer of data may be possible. NOTE 2

4 4.1

Depth gauges are suitable for external and internal measurements

Design characteristics General design and nomenclature

The general design and workmanship shall be such that the performance of the calliper and depth calliper complies with the requirements of this standard under all orientation of operation unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer.

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ISO/CD 13385

Key: 1 2 3 4 5

Beam Slider Fixed (measuring) jaw Sliding (measuring) jaw Measuring faces for external measurements

6 Measuring faces for internal measurements (crossed knife edges) 7 Depth measuring rod 8 Measuring faces for depth measurements 9 Vernier scale 10 Main scale

Figure 1 — Example for a general design of an universal calliper respectively for external, internal and depth measurement (Slider with locking screw or with clamping device)

Key: 1 2 3 4 5

Beam 6 Measuring faces for internal measurements Slider 7 Fine adjustment clamp Fixed (measuring) jaw 8 Fine adjustment nut Sliding (measuring) jaw 9 Fine adjustment screw Measuring faces for external measurements

Figure 2 — Example for a general design of callipers respectively for external and internal measurement with a fine adjustment clamp

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ISO/CD 13385

Key: 1 2 3 4

Beam Slider Measuring face Measuring base

5 Locking screw 6 Vernier 7 Main scale

Figure 3 — Example for a general design of vernier depth gauge

4.2

Dimensions

The callipers and depth gauges shall conform with the dimensions of those elements which are given in table 1. Table 1 — Dimensions of callipers and depth gauges Dimensions in millimetres Measuring range

Length a of jaws

up to

Recommended dimensions

Width c of the faces for internal measurement

Length d of the measuring base Recommended dimensions

Universal calliper

Calliper

150

40

—

5

100

200

40 to 50

60 to 80

5

100

250

—

80 to 85

5

100

300

60 to 65

90 to 100

5

100 to 150

400

—

125

10

100 to 150

500

—

125 to 150

10

100 to 150

750

—

125 to 150

10

—

1000

—

125 to 150

10

—

1500

—

200

15

—

2000

—

200

15

—

NOTE: The measuring range given for callipers indicated in Fig. 1 and 2 refers to the measurement of external dimensions

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ISO/CD 13385

4.3

Types of indicating devices

Several types of indicating devices are possible. Analogue indicating devices with vernier scale or circular scale and digital indicating devices with digital display. The scale interval and its unit respectively the unit of the indication of a measuring instrument with a digital display shall be labelled. 4.3.1

Analogue indicating devices

The scale interval of the main scale on the beam of an instrument with vernier scale shall be 1 mm. The main scale shall be longer by one vernier scale length than the measuring range of the instrument. In the case of instruments with circular scales, the scale interval on the beam may be greater than 1 mm. 4.3.1.1

Main scale and vernier scale

Figure 4 — Scale reading with vernier scale (example) 4.3.1.2

Design of vernier scale Table 2 — Graduating methods of verniers Dimensions in millimetres Main scale interval

Graduating method of Vernier

Vernier scale interval

Explanatory figure Figure 5

1

Divide 9 mm into 10 equal parts

0,1

1

Divide 19 mm into 10 equal parts

0,1

1

Divide 19 mm into 20 equal parts

0,05

1

Divide 39 mm into 20 equal parts

0,05

1

Divide 49 mm into 50 equal parts

0,02

© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

Figure 6

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ISO/CD 13385

Figure 5 — 0,1 vernier scale of length 9 mm

Figure 6 — 0,02 vernier scale of length 49 mm 4.3.1.3

Scale surface

The height difference between the edges of the vernier scale surface and the main scale surface shall be as small as possible, for example 0,3 mm. The main scale surface and vernier scale surface shall be nominally at the same level and the distance between the main scale and the vernier scale shall be as small as useful.

Figure 7 — Standard slider with vernier scale

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ISO/CD 13385

Figure 8 — Slider with vernier scale for readings without parallax error

4.3.1.4

Main scale and circular scale

Main scale on the beam and circular scale on the slider

Figure 9 — Scale reading with circular scale 4.4.2

Digital indicating devices

Figure 10 — Material measure of the beam, digital indication on the slider Instruments with a digital display may also be capable of data transfer. In this case the manufacturer shall describe the data output protocol (interface) in sufficient details.

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ISO/CD 13385

4.3.1.5

Protection for field

Manufactures shall express clearly whether the fluid protection is given or not

4.4

Hardness of measuring faces

Measuring faces shall have a wear-resistant and suitable surface finish and shall not be sharp-edged.

5

Metrological characteristics

5.1

General

Instruments with a vernier scale have a fixed zero point: Instruments with a digital display may be set to zero in any position within the measuring range, instruments with a circular scale within the range of the scale. For calliper the metrological characteristics of this clause apply when the zero is set with the measuring faces pressed to each other (zero setting), for depth gauges when the measuring faces are pressed against a reference plane. NOTE

5.2

Requirements for straightness, flatness, and parallelism of the measuring faces are not given separately.

Effect of slider locking

If the slider is clamped (in the case the slider is equipped with a locking screw or a clamping device), the set dimension shall not change and the indication shall fulfil the following: 

instruments with analogue indication: The indication shall not vary



instruments with digital indication: The indicated value may vary by one digital step.

NOTE

5.3

The digital display may vary by one digital step if the sliders is in a position short before the indication will change.

Error of indication (MPE)

The requirements on the error of indication apply to any indication based on the zero setting stated in 5.1. These requirements apply independently of the measuring range of the instrument. The error of indication must not be greater than the maximum permissible error given by the manufacturer. NOTE

5.3.1

As a result, the limits of permissible error may be greater than the digital step or the vernier or the scale interval.

Small surface contact error (MPE 1)

Error in the indicated value when the measurement is performed by using partial measuring surfaces at any position along the jaw and at any position of the measuring range. (see A.2.1) 5.3.2

Scale shift error (MPE 2)

Error in the indicated value when using other measuring faces than the measuring faces for external measurement provided that a full contact of the measuring faces is given. NOTE Scale shift includes e.g. error of straightness of the measuring faces for depth measuring and change of the direction of measuring force.

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ISO/CD 13385

5.3.3

Line contact error (MPE 3)

Error in the indicated value when the measurement is performed by using two parallel straight lines on the jaw (perpendicular to the length of the jaw) at any position along the jaws. (see A.2.3) NOTE

Line contact error is important for used callipers.

The non parallelism shall not be taken into account because it is covered by clause 5.3.1 5.3.4

Full contact error (MPE 4)

Error in the indicated value when the measurement is performed by using the complete measuring surface of the jaws. Using the complete measuring surface shall be done in addition to clause 5.3.1

5.4

Instrument specification sheet

Each type of instrument has a specification sheet which is intended to supply the following minimum information to the user. The manufacturer shall specify the values of the maximum permissible error and shall give information about design requirements. a

Table 3 — Maximum permissible errors (MPE) of indication for calliper

Maximum permissible error of indication

Indicated value

Measuring force, scale interval or digital step

mm

MPE 1

MPE 3

MPE 4

µm

µm

µm

up to 100

±

±

±

above 100 up to 150

±

±

±

above 150 up to 200

±

±

±

above 200 up to 300

±

±

±

Vernier scale interval .....mm

above 300 up to 400

±

±

±

Scale interval....mm

above 400 up to 600

±

±

±

Digital step...mm

above 600 up to 800

±

±

±

above 800 up to 1000

±

±

±

above 1000 up to 1400

±

±

±

above 1400 up to 1600

±

±

±

above 1600 up to 2000

±

±

±

© ISO 2001 – All rights reserved

MPE 2 ...... µm

Measuring force min/max.....N

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ISO/CD 13385

Table 4 — Maximum permissible error (MPE) of indication for depth gauges

Maximum permissible error of indication

Indicated value

mm

6

Measuring force Scale interval or digital step

µm

up to 100

±

above 100 up to 150

±

above 150 up to 200

±

above 200 up to 300

±

above 300 up to 400

±

above 400 up to 600

±

above 600 up to 800

±

above 800 up to 1000

±

above 1000 up to 1400

±

above 1400 up to 1600

±

above 1600 up to 2000

±

Measuring force min/max..........N Vernier scale interval.....mm Scale interval.....mm Digital step....mm

Calibration of metrological characteristics

The methods shall evaluate the performance of the instrument within its measuring range. The global calibration of each scale point or each digital step over the measuring range will necessitate a large number of readings to be taken. When it is considered that the intended use of the instrument does not warrant global calibration, partial calibration or task related calibration should be taken into consideration. For the determination of the indication errors according to table 2 and table 3 a suitable number of intervals which are dependent on the scale interval or digital step, the total measuring range and the used measuring range are necessary. By these values calibration curves with a fixed zero can be recorded (see figure 5 in ISO 14978). It is possible to perform a modified global calibration by using a suitable sampling technique but this will result in an increase in the uncertainty of measurement.

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ISO/CD 13385

Annex A (informative) Error tests

A.1 Test methods The methods should evaluate the performance of the instrument throughout its measuring range. The methods described below do not purport to be the only valid test methods, but they are recommended to be used. A calibration curve provides the simplest means of evaluating the performance of the instrument under test (see ISO 14978). Such a curve also provides useful certification evidence of calibration.

A.2 Error of Indication The error of indication may be tested with suitable instruments or material measure with an appropriate uncertainty for example with gauge blocks according to ISO 3650, step blocks or setting ring gauges.

A.2.1 Small surface contact error The small surface contact error may be tested by measuring a material measure with small surfaces e.g. gage blocks, at different positions along the jaws at any position of the measuring rang (see figure A.1). NOTE

Parallelism and form deviation of the measuring surface of the jaws as well as scale errors are included

Figure A.1 — Test arrangement for small surface contact error

A.2.2 Scale shift error The scale shift error may be tested by measuring a gauge block of e.g. 25mm with the measuring faces for external measuring and after that with a setting ring gauge of the same size with the measuring faces for internal measuring. For universal calliper with crossed knife edges this test method may be performed by using a gauge block and a setting ring gauge of 4mm.

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ISO/CD 13385

NOTE 1

The diameter of the setting ring gauge for testing universal callipers shall not below 4mm.

NOTE 2 The same test method may be used for testing the scale shift error between measuring faces for external measuring and the depth measuring rod.

A.2.3 Line contact error The line contact error may be tested by measuring cylindrical material measure, e.g. cylindrical measuring pins, of a small diameter (approximately 10 mm) at different positions along the jaws, perpendicular to the plane of jaws (see figure A.2) NOTE

The test of the line contact error is important to detect worn measuring surfaces for used callipers.

The non parallelism shall not be taken into account because it may be tested by small surface contact (see clause A.2.1).

Figure A.2 — Test arrangement for line contact error

A.2.4 Full contact error The full contact error may be tested by measuring a material measure e.g. gauge blocks, which cover the whole measuring surface of the jaws. NOTE

12

Alternative the full contact error may be tested by using a coordinate measuring machines

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ISO/CD 13385

Annex B (informative) Advice on application

The calliper does not adhere to the conditions prescribed in the Abbe Principle. There is a tilt in the slider caused by the clearance fit between slider and beam as well as by the pressure of the movable measuring face against the part to be measured. This results in angular deviations which influence the measuring value and the error of indication. To reduce this influence, the workpiece should contact the measuring surfaces of the calliper as close as possible to the beam. For this reason, the undercut of the jaw shall be as short as possible. Temperature and deformation factors have length-oriented influence. As a result, the smallest possible uncertainty of measurement is larger than the smallest fraction of a millimetre which is indicated. This has to be taken into consideration when evaluating the last fraction of a millimetre in a measured result. In the case of digital indications, attention is to be paid to environmental factors, e.g. magnetic fields, electrical fields, dampness, etc. which could affect the functions of the electronic components of the instrument. The base of depth gauges extends to both the right and left sides of the beam. In either case of using one side or both sides of the base, set the base measuring face in close contact with the face of measuring object, pressing the base squarely so that there will be no looseness of contact between the two during measurement.

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ISO/CD 13385

Annex C (informative) Other Types of Callipers

The figures C.1 to C.4 show different types of callipers

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ISO/CD 13385

Annex D (informative) Types of Measurements

The figure D.1 shows different types of measurements:

Figure D.1 — Different types of measurements

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ISO/CD 13385

Annex E (informative) Data sheet (Example)

This data sheet is intended for the structured communication between technical experts and the purchasing department of the same company. Name of equipment

...........................................................................................

Detailed requirements: (e.g. scale type, clamping device, fine adjustment device,...)

........................................................................................... ........................................................................................... ...........................................................................................

Accessories:

...........................................................................................

Possible suppliers:

...........................................................................................

Delivery requirements:

...........................................................................................

(e.g. inspection report, calibration certificate) The design and metrological characteristics refer to the International Standard ISO 13385

Design characteristics Length a of measuring jaws: Length of the measuring faces: Length d of the measuring base: Measuring range: Vernier scale interval/Scale interval/Digital step

..............mm ..............mm ..............mm ..............mm ..............mm

Metrological characteristics Repeatability Errors (MPE) of indication Measuring range

MPE1

MPE2

MPE3

MPE4

mm

µm

µm

µm

µm

up to above.......up to................ above.......up to................ Measuring force Maximum.........N Minimum..........N

Company

................................

Department..........................

16

Person responsible..........................

Date ....................

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ISO/CD 13385

Annex F (informative) Relation to the GPS-matrix model

For full details about the GPS matrix model see ISO/TR 14638.

F.1 Information about this International Standard and its use This International Standard provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of callipers and depth gauges with vernier scale, circular scale (dial), and digital indication.

F.2 Position in the GPS matrix model This International Standard is a Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) standard and is to be regarded as a general GPS standard (see ISO/TR 14638). It influences chain link 5 of the chains of standards on size and distance in the general GPS matrix as graphically illustrated on figure F.1. Global GPS-standards General GPS-standards Chain link number 1 2

Fundamental GPS standards

3

4

5

6

Size Distance Radius Angle Form of a line independent of datum Form of a line dependent of datum Form of a surface independent of datum Form of a surface dependent of datum Orientation Location Circular run-out Total run-out Datums Roughness profile Waviness profile Primary profile Surface imperfections Edges

Figure F.1

F.3

Related International Standards

The related International Standards are those of the chains of standards indicated in figure F.1.

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ISO/CD 13385

Bibliography [1] ISO/TR 14638:1995 Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Masterplan [2] ISO/TR 14253-2:2000 Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) - Inspection by measurement of workpiece and measuring instruments - Part 2: Guide to the estimation of uncertainty in GPS measurement, in calibration of measuring instruments and in product verification st

[3] Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement (GUM) 1 edition 1993 issued by BIPM, IEC, IFCC, ISO, IUPAC, IUPAP, OIML ISBN 92-67-10188-9

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