Module in Sports Officiating and Activity Managemant New PDF [PDF]

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Table of Contents

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Lesson 1 Sports Officiating, Code of Ethics and Characteristics of a Good Sports Official

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Lesson 2 Duties and Responsibilities and Careers in Sports Officiating

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Lesson 3 Rules in Playing Volleyball and Basketball

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Lesson 4 Sports Management

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Lesson 5 Management Functions

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Lesson 6 Budgeting

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Lesson 7 Risk Management

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Lesson 8 Marketing

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Lesson 1

SPORTS OFFICIATING, CODE OF ETHICS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD SPORTS OFFICIAL

This lesson deals with the sports official, code of ethics and how it could help young learners and the referee of how they are related to each other and to follow the characteristics of a good sports official. Objectives: At the end of the units, the students are expected to: 1. Define the meaning of sports officiating. 2. State and discuss the code of ethics. 3. Recognize the characteristics of a good sports official. Sports Officiating Officiating is a system of managing a sport, specifically on implementing the game rules and keeping order in the duration of the game. A sport official is the one who will supervise the sports competitions in accordance with the established rules. Rules provide an agreement of understanding to competition. Traditional officiating course simply provide students with the rules and basic mechanics necessary to officiate campus intramural contests. However, this tactic was developed in accordance to the needs in the different sports. The decision-making requirements inherent in sports officiating provide an exciting setting for teaching self-confidence concepts and form the basis for ‘Psychology of Sports Officiating’ this course emphasizes a transfer of the selfconfidence necessary in successful officiating to the no-officiating adventure of everyday life. Initially the course focuses on developing a positive officiating attitude in students, as opposed to conventional approaches mainly concerned with the memorization of rules and mechanics. Special efforts are made to cultivate students’ appreciation for positive verbal and nonverbal communication with their officiating partners as well as with players, coaches and spectators. Sports officials are professionals who will act as impartial judges in a sports competition and has an expertise to the game to be officiated that carries the responsibility to control and facilitate the competition through having accuracy in giving scores, fairness to both players and or teams, and objectivity through an overriding sense of integrity. Thus; a sport officials must know to the following ethics. o Officials shall master both the rules of the game and the mechanics necessary to enforce the rules, and shall exercise authority in an impartial, firm and controlled manner. o Officials shall work with each other and their state associations in a constructive and cooperative manner. o Officials shall uphold the honour and dignity of the profession in all interaction with student-athletes, coaches, athletic directors, school administrators, colleagues, and the public. o Officials shall be punctual and professional in the fulfilment of all contractual obligations o Officials shall remain mindful that their conduct influences the respect that studentathletes, coaches and the public hold for the profession.

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o Officials shall, while enforcing the rules of play, remain aware of the inherent risk of injury that competition poses to student-athletes. Where appropriate, they shall inform event management of conditions or situations that appear unreasonably hazardous. o Officials shall take reasonable steps to educate themselves in the recognition of emergency conditions that might arise during the course of competition. o Official shall maintain an ethical approach while participating in forums, chat rooms and all forms of social media. Official’s Code of Conduct I will:       

Place the safety and welfare of players above all else Show concern and caution towards sick and injury players Be impartial, consistent, objective and courteous when making decisions Accept responsibility for my actions and decisions Condemn unsporting behaviour and promote respect for the individuality of players Avoid any situations which may lead to or be construed as a conflict of interest Be a positive role model in behavior and personal appearance and ensure my comments are positive and supportive  Be a good sport as I understand that actions speak louder than words  Always respect, remain loyal to and support other officials  Keep up to date with the latest laws of the game trends and principles of their application  Refrain from any form of personal abuse towards players or other officials  Respect the rights, dignity and worth of all people involved in the game regardless of their gender, ability or cultural background. I will not: o Arrive at the venue intoxicated or drink alcohol at juniors matches Characteristics of a good sports official Sports officials, like any other vocation or avocation, come in many different packages. Some "get by"; some are "good"; a select few can be considered "great" in their field that is why it is important for them to possess the following characteristics of a good sports official: O O O O O O O

Integrity Hustle Judgment Communication Consistency Courage Common sense

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Integrity- A great sports official is the last guardian of honesty in athletics. He must maintain a complete absence of bias. We can read almost daily of coaches, players and boosters engaging in illegal activities. Referees and umpires are rarely accused of any kind of dishonest or deceitful conduct. Simple advice: If there is any possibility of a conflict of interest, don’t work the game. Hustle- officiating hustle describes movement and court position. There is no connection to speed and meaningless motion. Every great official moves efficiently to be in the right place at the right time. It’s the only way to see the entire play and make the correct call. Judgment- Great judgment is a byproduct of effort and experience. It goes beyond the rule book and includes an almost instinctive ability to apply the critical principal of "advantage/disadvantage." When you see a play, in virtually every circumstance, if there is no advantage gained and if no player has been put at a disadvantage there should be no call. Simply put: No harm, no foul. Communication- Basically, communication means, "Can you deal with people?" Can you deal with coaches and players during the game? Communication can be accomplished in many ways and in most cases the situation will dictate your appropriate response. Sometimes a simple response to the question, a one word answer or a look can communicate what is needed at a particular time. Saying the right thing to the right person at the right time can help one avoid potential problems in a game. Communication is also the knowledge of when it’s best not to say anything. Consistency- Young officials have more difficulty with consistency than any other quality, mainly because they lack the experience to realize when their decisions are inconsistent. Everyone has some difficulty in this regard, but the great officials are unrelenting in their judgment. They see and call a game better than their colleagues. The key is to make the same call on the same kind of play whether it’s the first minute of the game or the score is tied with one minute left to play. If they believe an official is consistent, coaches and players will adjust accordingly. Inconsistent decisions on similar plays trigger negative behavior and poor sportsmanship among players, and invite criticism from coaches. Courage- Regardless of the situation, personalities involved, pressures from the crowd or possible repercussions, great officials place fairness above all other concerns. They act courageously and according to the dictates of that value. Common Sense- That which is fair and right must take precedence throughout each game. Common sense ensures that fairness, understanding, and the best interests of the game are foremost in the mind of a great official. If you truly understand the spirit and intent of the rules, common sense will guide you well.

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ACTIVITIES Activity 1: Instruction. Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. What is the difference between Official’s Code of Ethics and Official’s Code of Conduct? (10pts) 2. If you’re given a chance to be sports official what would be your characteristics that would help the implementation of good sportsmanship to the athletes and referees in the game? (15pts) 3. Why do you think Officiating is important in sports? Cite an example. (5pts) Rubrics 5 very good 4 good 3 satisfactory 2 poor 1 very poor Neatness and proper writing Content Number of words Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted.

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Lesson 2

DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AND CAREERS IN SPORTS OFFICIATING

This lesson discusses the importance of duties and responsibilities and careers in sports officiating by widening its meaning through meaningful ideas. 1. Define duties and responsibilities and careers in sports officiating 2. Explain the duties and responsibilities 3. Apply the career in sports officiating Umpires, referees, and other sports officials typically do the following:  Officiate sporting events, games, and competitions  Judge performances in sporting competitions to determine a winner  Inspect sports equipment and examine all participants to ensure safety  Keep track of event times, starting or stopping play when necessary  Signal participants and other officials when infractions occur or to regulate play or competition  Settle claims of infractions or complaints by participants  Enforce the rules of the game and assess penalties when necessary

Careers in Sports Officiating Officiate at competitive athletic or sporting events. Detect infractions of rules and decide penalties according to established regulations. Types of Sports Jobs In the college sports sector, choose from these athletic department jobs: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Athletic Trainer Coach – many different sports Assistant Coach Associate Athletic Director Physical Education Instructor Marketing and Promotions Coordinator Athletic Program Development Director Sports Information Director

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In the field known as Health and Fitness, there are these jobs and sports careers: 1. Athletic Trainer 2. Physical Therapist 3. Medical Assistant 4. Sports Medicine Aide 5. Assistant Athletic Trainer 6. Physical Therapy Assistant 7. Sports Massage Therapist 8. Sports and Fitness Nutritionist 9. Strength and Conditioning Coach 10. Exercise Physiology 11. Sports Physician 12. Sports Psychologist

ACTIVITIES Activity 2: Instruction. Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. How important the duties and responsibilities of a sports official? Give an example. 2. Give me at least 10 types of officials in sports? And explain its function(s). Rubrics Neatness and proper writing Content Number of words

5 very good

4 good

3 satisfactory

2 poor

1 very poor

Activity 3: Instruction. Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. Make a video at least 1 minute showing that you’re an umpire and a referee in a sport? 2. Research the Top 10 most paid jobs in Sports Officiating with picture. Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted.

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Lesson 3

RULES IN PLAYING VOLLEYBALL AND BASKETBALL

This lesson discusses all about sports rules in officiating in all kinds of sport in order to perform efficient official. This lesson deals with the referees, their responsibilities, different official hand signals rules in playing volleyball and basketball. Objectives: At the end of the units, the students are expected to: 4. Explain officiating mechanics of sports 5. To interprets rules of basketball and volleyball 6. To perform the different hand signal in basketball and volleyball Volleyball The volleyball was created in the year 1895 by American William C. Morgan, director of physical education of the Christian Association of Young Men (ACM) in the city of Holyoke in Massachusetts, in the United States of North America. The original name of the sport was mintonette. In that time, the sport in fashion was the basketball, that had just been instituted three years ago to put Naismith and that quickly had spread. It was very energetic and tiresome for men of age. To put suggestion of Shepherd Lawrece Rinder, Morgan idealized a less tiring game than the basketball for the associated ones older of ACM and it placed a similar net the one of tennis, to a height of 1.83 cm, on which a camera of basketball ball was beaten the sport that would be denominated volleyball later appearing like this. Volleyball is one of the most successful and popular competitive and recreational sports in the world. It is fast, it is exciting and the action is explosive. Yet Volleyball comprises several crucial overlapping elements whose complimentary interactions render it unique amongst rally games. In recent years the FIVB has made great strides in adapting the game to a modern audience. For the further details with regards to the guidelines in playing the volleyball, you may open the Volleyball link: https://www.fivb.org. Basketball Basketball was invented by Dr.James Naismith in 1891 to engage players in an indoor sport during winters that keeps them fit. He designed a sport loosely based on his childhood game Duck on a Rock where players have to hit a stone, called a duck in the game. The duck was protected by other players and placed high on a rock. He also wanted the game to be safer and so the sport was played with soccer balls and peach baskets placed at about 10 feet high, involved less physical contact, drew players attention on the ball and not on other players. He developed a set of thirteen rules and the first match was held on December 21st, 1891 among two teams of nine players each at Springfield College. The rules of the game were changed slightly and many more rules were added to make it better and more interesting with time. The actual game did not allow dribbling, used closed

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baskets and was played in a smaller court. The game was initially played in YMCA gyms. YMCA helped spreading the game to other parts of America and the game increased YMCA memberships too. It was popularized by cable televisions and spread to other parts of the globe by North American soldiers fighting in World War I. For the further details with regards to the guidelines in playing the basketball, you may open Basketball link: https://www.fiba.basketball ACTIVITIES Activity 4: Instruction for modular, they will choose 20 hand signals each from volleyball. Using phone camera or other gadgets they will take a photo performing different hand signal and will send it thru messenger/ Google classroom Rubrics: 5 very good 4 good 3 satisfactory 2 poor 1 very poor Posture: Expression: Proper execution/positioning of hands and feet: Overall composure Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted. Activity 5: Instruction. Write your answers in your activity notebook. There will be a scenario in which the students will guess the referees decision to the players who commits violation. 1. Lebron James team was 2 points behind the opponent’s scores with minute remaining on the clock. Pressured by the team mates expectation Lebron tried his best to stop the offending team. With all his might he grab the ball from the opponent’s hand but the referee whistle and charge him ? 2. Dirk Nowitski is a very tall man, their team was playing defense but a suddenly a turnover was made. He then shoots the ball into the basket but the score is not valid because he does more than 3 steps without dribbling the ball. What violation does he commit? 3. Alyssa Valdez a Volleyball player accidentally touch the white part of the upper part of the net while doing the block, the referee whistle and give point to their opponent. What did she violate? 4. Saad is good in spiking but not in serving. Despite felling uneasy he still do the serve but the referee whistle and give points to the opposing team. Saad look at the referee who is pointing at the end line. What is Saad violation? 5. Arhany is a back row player. During the long rally, Jia sets the ball towards her and she spikes the ball to the opponents’ court and the referee whistle and give the point to their opponent. What did she violate?

Activity 6: Essay. How will you implement the sports to your fellow youth? And what particular sport would it be? At least 100 words. Write it on your activity notebook.

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Rubrics 5 very good 4 good 3 satisfactory 2 poor 1 very poor Neatness and proper writing Content Number of words Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted.

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Lesson 4

SPORTS MANAGEMENT

This unit discusses the essence of sport management and how will someone handle a sport with passion and composure. You can learn here the responsibilities of a sport manager and know the different resources of being a sport manager. This is not just an ordinary discussion of sport but the totality of its essence that the student may grasp and use it as a guide in learning this subject matter. Objectives: at the end of this unit, the students are expected to: 1) Restate the scope of sport management. 2) List the different setting in which sporting management occurs. 3) Discuss the importance of sport manager’s responsibilities and its effectiveness. Many people who are employed in business endeavors associated with sport are engaged in a career field known as sport management. Sport management can be defined as:

Sport Management: “the study and practice of all people, activities, businesses, or organizations involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, or organizing any sport-related business or product”

The scope of sport management` The practice of sport management is not limited to large sport clubs only, but effective and efficient sport management practice is equally important in smaller sport organizations as well as in non-profit organizations such as government departments, universities, schools etc. Good sport management practice is applicable to every organization where one, two or more people work together to achieve a set of goals. Settings for sporting activities It is important to examine the many different settings in which sporting activities occur, such as:  Single sports o Professional leagues, teams  Multi sports o Athletic foundations o High school sports o Sport organizations o Sport bureaus  College sports o College associations o College athletic departments o Sport management degree programs  Events

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o Meetings o Trade shows Media o Newspapers o Sports magazines o Sports television Sports sponsors Professional services o Event planning and services o Financial services o Marketing services o Sports agents Facilities o Arenas and stadiums o Auto race tracks o Facility management Manufacturers and retailers o Equipment and product manufacturers o Retailers

Sport manager’s responsibilities A sport manager is responsible for achieving the sport organization’s objectives through efficient and effective use of resources. Efficient means getting the maximum out of your available resources. Effective means doing the right thing to attain your objective; it also describes how well you achieve the objectives. ACTIVITIES Activity 7:Instruction.Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. Provide your clear understanding about sports management. 2. Discuss the difference between efficiency and effectiveness relative to the subject matter. Rubrics 5 very good 4 good 3 satisfactory 2 poor 1 very poor Neatness and proper writing Content Number of words Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted.

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Lesson 5

MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS

In the classic 1971, Professor Edwin Ghiselli identified six traits as important for managers, although not all necessary to succeed as managers. They are, initiative, self-assurance, decisiveness, intelligence, need for occupational achievement, and supervisory ability. The number one trait, supervisory ability, requires skills in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Ghiselli’s four areas of supervisory ability are more commonly referred to today as the management functions, which will be discussed in this lesson. Objectives: at the end of this unit, the students are expected to: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Define planning. Differentiate the 2 types of planning. Discuss what is organizing and give a brief example. Explain what is leading and list the traits of effective leaders. Discuss briefly the leadership style and its four general types. Define what is controlling and identify its four types..

Planning Planning may be the most important process within the function of management and is typically the starting point in the management process. The people working for organizations need goals and objectives as well as plans by which they will achieve their goals and objectives. Definition of planning: “setting goals for the organization and its members and specifying the activities or programs through which to achieve those goals”

In planning the sport club manager must:  Identify the desired outcome  Understand what environmental constraints are present  Establish activities that will lead to the desired outcome Types of planning Strategic planning:  Management develops a mission and long-term objectives and determines in advance how they will be accomplished.  Long-term generally means longer than 1 year.  Strategic plans are typically developed for 5 years  Top-level managers develop strategic plans Operational planning:  Management sets short-term objectives and determines in advance how they will be accomplished.  Short-term objectives are those that can be met in 1 year or less.

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 Middle managers or first-line managers develop operational plans. Performing the planning function well requires strong conceptual and decision-making skills. Organizing Successful managers put a great deal of effort into organizing and design and develop systems to implement plans. Definition of organizing: “the process of delegating and coordinating tasks and resources to achieve objectives by breaking down the jobs that must be completed to achieve the goals’’ An important part of allocating human resources is assigning people to various jobs and tasks. Organizing requires a sport club manager to be able to see the big picture while also assigning the smaller tasks to the people within the organization who execute the day-to-day operations. Effective organizing requires both conceptual and decision-making skills as well as people skills and communication skill.

Example of organizing: You are responsible to plan your club’s league, holiday tournaments, and coaching clinics. To do this, you need to organize the club’s employees such as coaches, assistants, facility manager, cleaners, and equipment manager to cover every game. You are also responsible for staffing the teams which involves the process of selecting, training, and evaluating employees.

Principles of organization There are six principles of organization that are commonly followed in sport organizations. 1. Unity of command and direction  Unity of command means that each employee reports to only one boss  Unity of direction means that all activities are directed toward the same objectives – winning the game 2. Chain of command  Chain of command is the clear line of authority from the organization’s top to its bottom  Everyone in the company needs to understand the chain of command – that is, to whom they report to and who reports to them  The chain of command also identifies the formal path for communications  It forms the hierarchy described in organization charts  Team captains are part of the chain of command that links coaches and players. 3. Span of control  The span of control has to do with how many employees report directly to a manager  The fewer employees are supervised, the smaller or narrower the manager’s span of control, and vice versa

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 The span should be limited to a number that can be effectively supervised and will depend on the nature of the work 4. Division of labor  Division of labor occurs when jobs are organized by specialty  Example, accountants work in accounting department, sales reps work in marketing department  Differentiation is about organizing groups into departments  Integration is about coordinating department activities 5. Coordination  Coordination is about departments and individuals in an organization working together to accomplish strategic and operational objectives  Coordination across jobs and departments requires system-based analysis and conceptual skills  As sport club manager, you need to coordinate use of the physical site, i.e. the gymnasium, pool, health club, and outdoor facilities, as well as the staff and cleaning schedules 6. Clarification of responsibilities and scope of authority    

Each person’s responsibilities in the organization needs to be clearly defined Employees must get the authority they need to meet these responsibilities The scope of authority should match their responsibilities Responsibility is: o One’s obligation to achieve objectives by performing required activities  Authority is: o The right to make decisions, issue orders, and use resources Leading In addition to planning and organising, managers work with employees daily as they perform their tasks. Managers not only must communicate their objectives to employees, but also must motivate employees to achieve the objectives. Effective leaders have strong people skills and communication skills. A manager may have a good plan and have organised the employees well, but if he cannot influence the members of the organisation to perform, the organisation is doomed for failure. Leaders and managers are not necessarily the same. Leading is a management function, but unfortunately not all managers are leaders. Definition of leading “leading is the process of influencing employees to work toward achieving objectives’’ Traits of effective leaders     

Supervisory ability A need for occupational achievement Intelligence Decisiveness Self-assurance

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 Initiative

Leadership styles A leadership style is the combination of traits, skills, and behaviors that managers use to interact with employees. In this section, three general leadership styles will be discussed, namely autocratic, democratic, participative, and laissez-faire leadership styles. 1. Autocratic leaders  They tend to sell subordinates what to do and expect them to do it  The subordinates are not involved in decision making and have little if any autonomy  Autocratic leaders tend to believe that subordinates would provide input that would lead to less work or responsibility for them rather than to achieving organisational goals  Example, the director of coaching who tells the coaches what to do in practice, when to practice, and how to manage a game.  Such leaders may lose motivated coaches who want the autonomy to make those decisions themselves. 2. Democratic leaders  They seek input from subordinates and do what the majority of the subordinates want  The leader encourages employee participation in decisions,  They work with employees to determine what to do  They do not supervise them closely  This style can lead to high employee morale because employees feel a part of the decision-making process  Example, the CEO of the sport club holds a staff meeting in which the staff puts forth ideas on what tournaments teams should attend for the coming season. 3. Participative leaders  They tend to involve subordinates in leadership activities and decision making, but ultimately they retain final authority  Even though they seek input from the subordinates, they make the final decisions  Example, the club’s CEO needs to make a decision related to marketing, but knows little about it, and consults the club’s business manager about marketing. The CEO may decide to use all or just some of the input, or he may disregard the business manager’s input all together. Ultimately, the decision is his. Controlling A sport club manager must control many aspects of the club ranging from processes to personnel and control feedback to determine whether the process or behavior of those in the club is working or in need of corrective action. Definition of controlling “Controlling is the process of establishing and implementing mechanisms to ensure that objectives are achieved”

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An important part of controlling is measuring progress and taking corrective action when necessary. Effective controlling requires technical skills as well as conceptual and decisionmaking skills. Types of controls Top managers use controls to guide and effect change in the organizations they lead. Four types of controls are identified. 1. Preliminary controls  Anticipate and prevent possible problems  Planning and organizing are key functions in preliminary control  Is also called feed forward control  Example of preliminary control is preventative maintenance, such as routinely tune up of engines of busses transporting participants, to prevent breakdown 2. Concurrent controls  Concurrent controls are actions taken during transformation to ensure that standards are met  Key success is quality control  Example, player assistance out on a golf course, if players are not satisfied player assistants know it early on and fix the problem before the game is over 3. Rework controls  Rework controls are action taken to fix output  Rework is necessary when preliminary and concurrent controls fail  Example, Gilbert makes defective rugby balls (outputs), it is too late; the company cannot change the past 4. Damage controls  Damage controls are actions taken to minimize negative impacts on customers attributable to faulty output  When a faulty product or service gets to a customer, damage control is needed  Forms of damage control are to refund the purchase price, fix the product, re-perform the service, or replace the product with a new one

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ACTIVITIES Activity 8: Instruction. Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. Define what is planning and differentiate operational planning from strategic planning. 2. Among the above mentioned leadership styles, which do you think is most effective and explain why. 3. Provide your own understanding about the different types of controls. 4. Among the above mentioned principles of organization, which do you think is the most suitable and applicable in sports organization? Rubrics 5 very good 4 good 3 satisfactory 2 poor 1 very poor Neatness and proper writing Content Number of words Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted.

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Lesson 6

BUDGETING

The purpose of this lesson is to teach you to administer your club’s budgeting as easy as possible. Aspects that will be discussed in this lesson are advantages of budgeting and elements of budgeting. Objectives: At the end of this unit, the students are expected to: 1) Define budgeting. 2) Explain the importance and the advantage of budgeting. 3) List the elements of a budgeting. Budgeting financial resources is a process that a club’s leaders ask club managers to accomplish. Budgeting is an administrative activity required in any size of club, whether an emerging or competitive sport club. The bigger the club, the more complex budgeting will become. Whatever the case, budgeting is an effective method of control and evaluation. Definition: Budgeting “a management plan estimating anticipated income and expenses for a period of time”

Goals to accomplish when constructing a budget When formulating and executing a sport club’s budget the sport club manager should seek to accomplish five basic goals, namely:  Understand the budget structure  You need to have a firm understanding of what funds are going in and out of the club  Explain the budget to all stakeholders  There should be no secrets and all information should be freely shared with administrators, coaches and members of the club on a regular basis  Modify the budget when necessary to meet new challenges  The budget should be flexible enough to meet new needs and demands as they arise without compromising the integrity of the process  Sell the budget to all parties  Document all phases of the budget process  Accurate documentation is a matter of absolute trust that must be garnered through exhaustive measures to ensure a complete paper trail at all times. Advantages of budgeting Among other common advantages budgeting  Compels sport club managers to plan the future operation of the club in concrete and specific terms;  Fosters cooperation, coordination, and communication among key persons responsible for the results of the club;

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    

Provides a framework to evaluate performance; Creates cost-consciousness; Orients the activities of a sport club toward common goals and objectives Prevent over budgeting; It helps the contributors to see where revenues are coming from and what expenditures are for

Elements of a budget Sport club managers needs to develop an operational budget that details various expenses expected in operating a club. Basic elements within such a budget include the following: 1. Fixed costs  A cost that will not fluctuate over the course of a budgetary cycle  Example  Rent or mortgage on a property  Insurance premiums  Contracted services like lawn care service, trash removal 2. Variable costs  A cost that will fluctuate based on usage over the course of a budgetary cycle  Example  Equipment and uniform  Office supplies  Travel expenses ACTIVITIES Activity 9 Instruction: Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. Provide your understanding about budgeting. 2. Why is budgeting important? What are its advantages? 3. In reality, provide 5 examples in each of the two elements of budgeting. Examples: Fixed Costs Variable Costs One Month Salary, PHP 11,230.00 Electric Bill, PHP 200.00 per month One Semester Dormitory Fee, PHP 500.00 Travel Expense, PHP 650.00 Rubrics 5 very good 4 good 3 satisfactory 2 poor 1 very poor Neatness and proper writing Content Number of words Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted.

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Lesson 7

RISK MANAGEMENT

Every sport is risky and as a responsible sport manager you want to provide safe and equitable programs in your club. Athletes, coaches, officials, managers, spectators, and even innocent bystanders can be injured by balls, slippery ground, ill-fitting equipment, lightning, and many other hazards. You’ll need to think about ways to manage risks in your club and the best way is to have a comprehensive risk-management program, which will be discussed in this lesson. Objectives: At the end of this unit, the students are expected to: 1) Differentiate risk and risk management. 2) Define and identify the four steps of risk management process. What is risk and risk management Before we define what risk management is, we need to look at what risk is. Risk: “Risk refers to the probability of loss, either to people’s well-being or to their property”

As a sport manager you will want to manage risk for three groups: 1. The participants in your club 2. Your coaches, officials, spectators, yourself and your staff 3. Your club Risk management: “the process of decision making and implementation so as to minimize injuries and loss and their effects on your sport club, facility, or event”

Reasons for developing a risk management program are:  To provide the safest and fairest environment possible for the participants  To reduce the risk of liability  To prevent losses of all kinds, (financial, physical, property, activity, time) for everyone associated with an organization, including its directors, administrators, employees, spectators, and clients

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Risk management process To make risk management easier, the risk management process is broken down into four steps that should be taken: 1. Identify the risks of the sport in your club Identifying the loss exposures in a particular sport club means determining which exposures will undermine the club’s goals. Essentially, loss exposures can be placed in four categories, namely:  Property loss  Liability loss  Personnel loss  Net income loss Property loss Property loss exposure arises out of the possibility of damage, destruction, or disappearance of property resulting from a peril or cause of loss. Examples of losses would be:  Unimproved land  Buildings  Tangible personal property  Money  Inventory  Computer and media equipment  Valuable records and papers  Furniture  Supplies  Mobile property  Intangible personal property Patents  Trademarks  Copyrights  Goodwill  Trade secrets  Legal interests in property  Owner’s interest  Buyer’s and seller’s interest  Landlord or tenant’s interest Liability loss Liability loss exposures results from a club having a legal responsibility to pay a claim for bodily injury or property damage sustained by another party. These loss exposures arise out of:  Torts  Negligence  Intentional torts

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 Strict liability torts  Contracts  Breach of contract  Statutes  Such as workers compensation Personnel loss A personnel loss exposure occurs when an employee, manager, or owner with special knowledge or skill retires, resigns, or dies. Net income loss Net income loss arises when some circumstance affecting the club causes reduction of net income, which could occur as a result of property, liability, or personnel loss exposures. This could happen in poor economic times when revenues are down. Reduction of loss exposures cannot be accomplished if they are not identified. Sometimes identification of loss exposures is simple and obvious, but even those circumstances lead to a multitude of lawsuits. For each loss exposure described above, a club’s risk management team will have to make a complete assessment. 2. Evaluate and analyse the risks Once risks have been identified, those risks should be analysed. A common means of analysis is the risk matrixes that analyse risk exposures based on severity vs frequency. Such charts provide guidance for classifying risks as severe, moderate or slight in severity, as well as slight, moderate, or definite as to frequency. In situations in which loss severity is slight to significant and loss frequency is slight to moderate, it may be reasonable to take actions to reduce or prevent the losses from occurring. For example, at your sport club’s facility, slips and falls are common occurrences that vary in severity. These may deserve more risk management attention than the possibility of a large fire, and the club would likely put more resources into slip and fall reduction and prevention. 3. Examine possible risk control techniques Risk control techniques include the following:  Avoidance technique o This means a club decides to stop a particular activity or not start it in the first place o Example, a primary school decides not to present tackle rugby for boys under the age of 12, but only tag rugby.  Loss prevention techniques o This technique implements measures to reduce the frequency of loss

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o Example, the club may prohibit any spectators at a hockey match to stand behind the goal boxes, to decrease the number of spectators hit by hockey balls.  Loss reduction technique o Loss reduction is a loss control technique that is designed to decrease loss severity o Example, rugby players wearing padding, they may still injure themselves when being tackled, but this protection will reduce the severity of injuries.  Duplication o Duplication means having spare parts or equipment so you can continue business as usual if a loss occurs.  Separation o Separation means dispersing assets or activities so that if, for example, a natural disaster occurs, it will not wipe out all of the club’s assets or activities 4. Implement risk control techniques After identifying risks in your club, assessing them, and examined possible risk control techniques, you now need to implement those techniques. Someone has to take charge in implementing the techniques, and this could be the coach, club manager, or owner. The person in charge puts safety first – above winning or profits. For example, lightning is imminent and only 15 minutes of the rugby game remains. The score is tied, and the spectators are excited. The sport club manager has to make a decision to stop the match or to risk playing on with the potential lightning, which has been known to strike the rugby club before. ACTIVITIES Activity 10: Instruction. Write your answers in your activity notebook. 1. In your own understanding, what is the difference between risk and risk management? 2. Provide a situation where you are at risk, how are you going to deal with that certain risky situation. Apply the four steps in the risk management process discussed above. Rubrics 5 very good 4 good 3 satisfactory 2 poor 1 very poor Neatness and proper writing Content Number of words Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted.

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Lesson 8

MARKETING

Exchanges of some distribution of ideas, good, services to create exchange are an old way of ancient people then to deliver their opinion well and precise. Objectives: at the end of this unit, the students are expected to: 1) Explain briefly what is marketing. 2) Identify the different 5ps of marketing Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals. ‘Marketing is the management process that identifies, anticipates and satisfies customer requirements profitably’ ‘The right product, in the right place, at the right time, and at the right price’ ‘Marketing is the human activity directed at satisfying human needs and wants through an exchange process’ ‘Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they want and need through creating, offering and exchanging products of value with others’ 5 Ps of Marketing     

Product Promotion Pricing Place (or distribution system) People

Product/Service The product or service element refers to what you are offering as a whole to your customers. Product decisions include functionality, branding, packaging, service, quality, appearance and warranty terms. When thinking about your product consider the key features, benefits, and the needs and wants of customers. For example, if you are a food manufacturer you may decide to add some new flavours to extend your range. Price The price element refers to the way you set prices for your products or services. It should include all the parts that make up your overall cost, including the advertised price, any discounts, sales, credit terms or other payment arrangements.

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Your pricing will also depend on your businesses position in the market, for example, if you advertise your business as a budget car rental service, your pricing should reflect that choice. Or if you are a premium food product then your price should be at a premium to lesser quality products to reflect the better packaging and quality of ingredients you offer. Promotion Promotion refers to all the activities and methods you use to promote your products/services to your target market. It includes sales, public relations, direct marketing, advertising, sponsorship and social media. Since promotion costs can be substantial, it is sensible to conduct a return on investment analysis (ROI) when making promotion decisions. Firstly, you need to establish who your target market is, what media do they consume, what the cost of that media will be, how many more sales you need to cover your investment and how you will gather the information that shows how the promotion has worked. Place The place element refers to how you get your product or service to your customers at the right time, at the right place, and in the right quantity. It includes distribution channels (e.g. via a shop front, online or a distributor), location, logistics, service levels and market coverage. For example, if you’re thinking of expanding your business online, you’ll need to think about how your customers use the internet, if they would feel comfortable purchasing your goods online and if they would be willing to pay shipping costs for your products. People The people element refers to your customers, yourself and your staff. You need to consider both your staff and customers if you’re thinking of growing your business. It includes understanding what your customers’ needs and wants are, setting targets and measuring your customer service levels so that you attract and keep loyal customers. Sports Event Marketing Challenges Just because sports marketing is growing rapidly, that does not mean there aren’t advertising challenges in this area. There are many hurdles brands need to overcome to take advantage of trends in sports marketing: 1. Millennial are not watching traditional media. 2. Outmoded inflexible contracts prevent innovation and growth. 3. Rights holders and brands aren’t where fans go for the insider gossip. 4. Incentivizing people to actually attend sports events in person is difficult. 5. Sports stars aren’t actors and can’t always effectively market.

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ACTIVITIES Activity: Instruction. Make your own radio advertisement using the 5ps of marketing. Please observe maximum time limit allotted to you that is only one minute presentation. Rubrics Creativity/Content Voice Quality Sound background Time limit

5 very good

4 good

3 satisfactory

2 poor

1 very poor

Note: Students are advised to wait for further instructions as how to submit the above activity/ies and as to when will it be submitted.

Possible Future Event: If circumstance permits, seminar shall be conducted at the end of this semester for the students to apply their learnings and skills, mainly on Sports Officiating and Activity Management.

References: Thorton, P.; et. al [2012] Sports Ethics for Sports Management professionals, 1 st edition, jones and Barlett Learning, publishers, pp. 75-91, 109-113, and 216 Chelladurai P. [1985] Sports Management ; Sports dynamics PP. 4-15Online Learning for Sports, Management .Retrieved [august 11, 2020] from http://leoisac.com/est/ topo Sports management (manual for Sport Management) [2014];1st edition, Retrieved [august 11, 2020] from http://bookboon.com Marketing – school. Org. Retrieved [august 11, 2020] from http://maketing –sch00l.orgJob and/or Carrers for sports officials. Retrieved [august 11, 2020] from myplan.com /carreers/umpires/for/sports officials Basketball Tutorials Points [2016]; Retrieved [august 11, 2020] from www. Tutorialspoint.com https://www.fivb.org. https://www.fiba.basketball

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