Mock 7 [PDF]

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MOCK TEST 7 I. LISTENING (5.0 points) HƯỚNG DẪN PHẦN THI NGHE HIỂU • Bài nghe gồm 4 phần, mỗi phần được nghe 2 lần, mỗi lần cách nhau 15 giây, mở đầu và kết thúc mỗi phần nghe có tín hiệu. • Mở đầu và kết thúc bài nghe có tín hiệu nhạc. Thí sinh có 3 phút để hoàn chỉnh bài trước tín hiệu nhạc kết thúc bài nghe. • Mọi hướng dẫn cho thí sinh bằng tiếng Anh đã có trong bài nghe. Part 1: You will hear a radio programme called Future world and decide if the following sentences are True (T) or False (F). Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. 1. V2V involves cars’ talking to each other' through a computer system. 2. The new mobile phone will tell you how nervous or confident you look. 3. The new mobile phone was invented to help people during ‘speed dates’. 4. The memory device is not just one machine. 5. According to Gordon Bell, recording your life is rather dull, but may be important in the future. Your answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Part 2: Listen to a talk and a give short answers to the questions. Write NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER taken from the recording. 6.How many countries have research bases in Antarctica? .....................................................................................................................................................................................

7. How do some people regard polar research? .....................................................................................................................................................................................

8. What do most people call Antarctica’s largest settlement? .....................................................................................................................................................................................

9. Who can use flights landing at the US base? .....................................................................................................................................................................................

10. Which areas are most tourists going to visit? .....................................................................................................................................................................................

Part 3: Listen to a piece of news and fill in the missing information using NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the spaces provided. The top ten (11) ______________________ are key trends that the enterprise cannot afford to ignore, which can be divided into three themes: intelligent, digital, mesh. In terms of intelligence, Artificial intelligence and machine learning is a foundation component of all of the applications and services worldwide such as (12) ______________________: Intelligent apps and analytics and intelligent things. Think of intelligent user interface with things like (13) ______________________ Think of intelligent actions, applications themselves have (14) ______________________ and look at how AI improves the business intelligence and (15) ______________________ for end users AI is regarded not only artificial intelligence and robotic things replacing people but (16) __________________ and assisting humans. Multiple intelligent things: (17) ______________, robots, _______________ working cooperatively together. The second theme is digital which is about integrating the real world into the combined digital experience. (18) ______________________ are the digital representations of the real-world things The next trend is (19) ______________________in which edge computing and using the processing power at the edge of these edge devices can act as gateways The last two trends are conversational systems and (20) ______________________, regarding the way users interact with systems and percieve the digital world. Part 4: You will hear an interview with physics teacher Kieran Shaw, who has taken his students to a Science Fair. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. 21. What does Kieran criticise about the previous Science Fair? A. the number of prizes B. the standard of judging C. the quality of the projects D. the number of projects

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22. Which does Kieran believe is a problem among his students? A. parents giving students too much help B. more boys than girls involved in projects C. rich students having more resources for projects D. too much emphasis on competition rather than cooperation 23. Kieran says the most important factor in choosing a topic is whether it is likely to A. need expensive equipment in order to do experiments. B. keep the students interested throughout the project. C. be sufficiently simple for students of that age group. D. differ significantly from the topics chosen by others. 24. According to Kieran, what mistake do some students make during their presentation? A. They don’t go into enough detail about their project. B. They can’t remember the speech they memorised. C. They tend to speak too slowly to the judges. D. They use words they don’t fully understand. 25. Kieran predicts that this year’s winner will be the project about A. the variation in people’s eyesight during the day. B. the relative cleanliness of different objects. C. the coolest clothes to wear in summer. D. the best place to store fruit. Your answers: 21.

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II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR (3.0 points) Part 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each of the following questions and write your answer (A, B, C or D) in the corresponding numbered boxes. 1. Archaeology is one of the most interesting scientific _______. A. divisions B. disciplines C. matters D. compartments 2. She was so undisciplined and disobedient that, as the manager, I just had to put my _______ down. A. stamp B. shoe C. fist D. foot 3. You can come along with me, as long as you promise to be on your best ________. A. manners B. conduct C. behaviour D. demeanour 4. Environmentalists' warnings about the ozone layer seem to be ________ on deaf ears. A. falling B. landing C. going D. coming 5. Arsenal are leading by 12 points, but the outcome of the championship is not as cut and ________ as everyone thinks. A. cropped B. pasted C. slashed D. dried 6. The room was ________ decorated in gold and silver, it was quite simply over the top. A. ostentatiously B. tantalizingly C. tactfully D. benevolently 7. Jane's flat affords ________ views over the valley and mountains beyond. A. expanded B. extensive C. spacious D. widespread 8. It was an extremely hostile article which cast ________ on the conduct of the entire cabinet. A. criticism B. disapproval C. aspersions D. abuse 9. Successful athletes cannot afford to be ________; they need to stay cool and focused. A. highly-strung B.highly motivated C highly-trained D. highly-paid 10. Don't count on Patrick; he is liable to ________ if things get too difficult. A. let up B. make off C. opt out D. pass out 11. He became a millionaire by ________ of hard work and a considerable amount of luck. A. process B. effect C. cause D. dint 12. Ellen decided that election to the local council would provide a _______ to a career in national politics. A. springboard B. turning-point C. milestone D. highway 13. My father ________ when he found out that I’d damaged his car. A. saw pink elephants B. hit the ceiling C. brought the house down D. made my blood boil 14. Before passing away, President Ho Chi Minh left the Vietnamese people with the ________ Testament. A. important B. essential C. historic D. historical Your answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

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Part 2: Read the passage below which contains 8 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes. Line 1 Earth is the only place we know of in the universe that can support human life. So human Line 2 activities are making the planet less fit to live by. As the western world carries on Line 3 consuming two-third of the world's resources while half of the world's population do so just Line 4 to stay alive, we are rapidly destroying the only resource we have by what all people can Line 5 survive and prosper. Everywhere fertile soil is neither built on or washed into the sea. Line 6 Renewable resources are exploited so much that they will never be able to recover Line 7 completely. We discharge pollutant into the atmosphere without any thought of the Line 8 consequences. As a result, the planet's ability to support people is reducing at the very Line 9 time when rising human numbers and consumption are making increasingly heavy Line 10 demands on it. Line 11 The Earth's natural resources are there for us to use. We need food, water, air, energy, Line 12 medicines, warmth, shelter and minerals to keep us fed, comfortable, healthy and active. Line 13 If we are sensitive in how we use the resources they will last definitely. But if we use them wastefully and excessively they will soon run out and everyone will suffer. Example. 0. Line 1: So -> Yet Your answers: 1. 5. 2. 6. 3. 7. 4. 8. Part 3: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the corresponding numbered boxes. UNWANTED VISITORS Loss of habitat poses the single greatest threat, endandering indigenous species. The second largest threat to native flora and fauna would have to be the (1.INTRODUCE) ______ of alien species into an environment other than their own. Alien species are able to cause such (2.CATACLYSM) ______ damage because they are usually more successful in competing for food. They introduce diseases to which the local inhabitants do not possess (3.IMMUNE) ______ .Interbreeding has causes the destruction of entire species because the first hybrid generation will eventually (4.PLACE) ______the parent stock. Hybrid individuals tend to possess greater vigour and will (5.CONSEQUENT) ______ compete more effectively with the remaining pure stock. Their offspring may also be infertile, resulting in the depopulation of an entire species because of a reduction in the number of breeding animals. The (6.FORM) ______ of guidelines has been called on to exclude non-name wildlife, contain it where it has a foothold, and eliminate it if possible. The principles call for border controls, (7.CAUTION) ______ in international trade and technical and financial assistance to help (8.PRIVILEGE) ______ countries detect and combat invasion. Your answers: 1.

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III. READING (6. 0 points) Part 1: Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to each of the following questions and write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. A solution to (1) ______, desires and expectations perhaps lies in the recognition that wealth does not involve having many things. It involves having what we long for. Wealth is not an absolute. It is relative to desire. Every time we seek something we cannot afford, we grow poorer, whatever our resources. And every time we feel satisfied with what we have, we can be (2) ______ as rich, however little we may actually own. There are two ways to make people richer: to give them more money or to (3) ______ their desires. Modern societies have succeeded spectacularly at the first option but, by continuously inflaming appetites, they have at the same time helped to negate a share of their most impressive achievements. The most effective way to feel wealthy may not be to try to make more money. It can be to (4) ______ourselves - practically and emotionally - from anyone we both consider to be our equal and who has become richer than us. Rather than trying to become bigger fish, we should concentrate our

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energies on (5) ______ around us smaller companions next to whom our own size will not (6) ______, us. In so far as advanced societies provide us with historically elevated incomes, they appear to make us richer. But, in truth, the net effect of these societies may be to (7) ______us because, by fostering unlimited expectations, they keep open a permanent gap between what we want and what we can afford, who we are and who we might be. The (8) ______ we have paid for expecting to be so much more than our ancestors is the permanent feeling that we are far from being all we might be. We should be careful what we read in the papers and what programmes we watch. No matter what the media (9) ______ at us, we must remain realistic in our goals and expectations and not allow ourselves to be (10) ______ into a life of materialism. 1. A. coiling B. curving C. spiralling D. revolving 2. A. counted B. added C. thought D. accounted 3. A. refer B. reassure C. recline D. restrain 4. A. dispute B. vary C. single D. distance 5. A. gathering B. heaping C. loading D. distributing 6. A. brood B. fret C. trouble D. console 7. A. redeem B. impoverish C. enrich D. augment 8. A. fee B. price C. fund D. charge 9. A. sends B. delivers C. exploits D. throws 10. A liberated B. quarantined C. brainwashed D. investigated Your answers: 1. 2.

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Part 2: Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ONE word in each gap. Write your answers in corresponding numbered boxes. Copyright is the inalienable, legally secured right to publish, reproduce, and sell the matter and form of a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work. Copyright is designed specifically to (1) __________ an artist, publisher, or other owner against any unauthorised copying of his works - as by reproducing the work in any material form, publishing it, performing it in (2) __________, filming it, broadcasting it, causing it to be distributed to subscribers or (3) __________ any adaptation of the work. A copyright supplies a copyright holder with a kind of ownership over the created material, (4) __________ assures him of both control over its use and the monetary benefits derived from it. Historically, copyrights grew (5) __________ of the same system as royal patent grants, by which certain authors and printers were given the exclusive (6) __________ to publish books and other materials. The basic purpose of such (7) __________was not to protect authors' or publishers' rights but to (8) __________government revenue and to give governing authorities control over publicised contents. The Statute of Anne, passed in England in 1710, was a (9) __________ in the history of copyright law as it recognised that authors should be the primary beneficiaries of copyright law. Today, the Berne Convention of 1886 and the Universal Copyright Convention of 1955 protect rights (10) __________ an international level recognised in all countries. Your answers: 1.

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Part 3: Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) according to the text. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. Clinical Depression and Antidepressants Clinical depression, or Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), is clinically defined as a period of sadness or melancholia severe enough to interrupt the patterns of one's everyday life and tasting for a period of several weeks or longer, Although there has been an awareness of clinical depression for thousands of years, an understanding of its causes, and effective means of treatment, have only come in the last fifty years. Clinical depression is an extremely widespread illness, with an estimated 16% of the population suffering from an episode of MDD at least once in their lifetime. Currently, clinical depression is the second leading cause of disability in the United States behind heart disease. Traditionally, females have reported higher rates of clinical depression than males, but this is thought to be due to the greater stigmas against expressing one's feelings that are typical among males in most cultures rather than to any true difference in the occurrence of MDD among the two genders.

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Sufferers of clinical depression may exhibit an array of symptoms, some of the most common being increased apathy*, disruptions in sleep and eating patterns, a withdrawal from pleasurable activities, and suicidal ideation. While not completely understood, clinical depression is known to have both environmental and biological causes, and the most effective treatments involve a two-pronged approach of medication and emotional therapy. The mean age for the onset of clinical depression is in the mid to late twenties, and the pressure of fully transitioning to independent adult life is often counted as the primary trigger mechanism. While specific bouts of clinical depression may be attributable to a certain event or trauma in a person's life, neurochemistry, which is largely genetic, seems to predispose some people to MDD, (A) Clinical depression has been linked in numerous studies with imbalances in neurotransmitters, the chemicals that relay information between cells in the brain. (B) Medication to treat clinical depression first became available in the 1950s, and today there are two major classes of widely prescribed antidepressants: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, (SSRIs) and serotonin norepintephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). (C) Both classes of drugs operate by limiting the absorption (reuptake) of neurotransmitters, thereby increasing their levels in the brain, but the SNRIs operate exclusively on serotonin, while the SNRIs effect norepinephrine as well, making them slightly more effective. (D) Both classes of drugs take several weeks to build up to effective levels in the bloodstream, and their effectiveness may be compromised by the use of alcohol or other medications. For this reason they are carefully controlled by psychiatrists. Used alone, these antidepressants have proven to be about as effective as counseling, with reductions of depressive symptoms averaging about 55% and full remission at about 22%, but when used in conjunction with counseling they often result In reduction and remission rates closer to 85% and 45% respectively. Furthermore, continued use of antidepressants after the conclusion of counseling has been proven to greatly decrease the risk of relapse. As effective as antidepressants have proven in treating clinical depression, they are not without drawbacks and criticisms. Typically, the first few weeks of treatment are when a depressive patient is at the greatest risk of suicide. There is some evidence that during this period, antidepressants may actually contribute to this risk because they reduce mental lethargy, and a more active mind may lead to increased suicidal ideation. Thus, it is critical that a patient be closely watched during the first few weeks of an arrtidepressant regimen. A further criticism of antidepressants is that they may have unpleasant sexual side-effects which may make them unpalatable to patients, given the long duration of their intended use. A final criticism concerns their rote in the ever growing field of psycho-pharmacology. Antidepressants are by far the most commonly prescribed of psychiatric drugs, and some mental health professionals worry that their profusion is leading to an over-reliance on chemical solutions to emotional issues. • apathy; an absence of emotion or enthusiasm 1. The passage discusses all of the following aspects of clinical depression EXCEPT A. its characteristic symptoms B. its official medical definition C. methods of counseling used to treat it D. available medications for treatment 2. The word ‘stigmas’ in the passage is closest in meaning to A. cultures B. taboos C. preventions D. inabilities 3. According to paragraph 2, the actual rates of clinical depression are most likely A. much higher than they were in the past B. quickly catching up with those of heart disease C. about the same between men and women D. impossible to accurately calculate 4. According to paragraph 3, the pressures of becoming an independent adult often A. precede the onset of clinical depression B. are the root cause of clinical depression C. are irrelevant to clinical depression D. only serve to increase the symptoms of depression 5. The word “bouts” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. symptoms B. diagnoses C. types D. episodes 6. Based on the information in paragraph 3, it can be inferred that clinical depression is A. largely an untreatable condition B. often a hereditary condition C. entirely chemical in nature D. often accompanied by mental problems 7. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A. Both SNRls and SSRIs work by limiting the absorption of neurotransmitters to increase their levels in the brain, but SNRIs are slightly more effective because they work on two neurotransmitters

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B. Both classes of drugs stop the absorption of reuptake neurotransmitters and increase their levels in the brain, but SNRIs are slightly more effective than SSRIs C. SNRls which limit the absorption of serotonin and norepinephrine are more effective than SSRIs, which do not. D. SSRIs and SMWs are slightly more effective when they limit the absorption of norepinephrine in addition to serotonin, rather than just serotonin exclusively. 8. The word “compromised” in the passage is closest in meaning to A. negotiated B. questioned C. altered D. endangered 9. In paragraph 4, why does the author discuss rates of reduction and remission in clinical depression? A. To discuss the chances for full recovery for people who suffer from clinical depression B. To suggest that medication is secondary in Importance to counseling in treating depression C. To better demonstrate the efficacy of antidepressants when used with counseling D. To illustrate the vast superiority of SNRIs to SSRIs in the treatment of clinical depression' 10. According to paragraph 5, why do some mental health workers oppose the overuse of antidepressants? A. They fear that their side effects are too poorly understood B. They feel the benefits of antidepressants are overstated. B. They know that antidepressants do not prevent the risk of relapse. D. They fear that the reliance on antidepressants draws away from counseling. Your answers: 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1. Part 4: Read the reading passage and do the tasks that follow Learning By Examples A. Learning theory is rooted in the work of Ivan Pavlov, the famous scientist who discover and documented the principles governing how animals (humans included) learn in the 1900s. Two basic kinds of learning or conditioning occur, one of which is famously known as the classical condition. Classical conditioning happens when an animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus (signal) with a stimulus that has intrinsic meaning based on how closely in time the two stimuli are presented. The classic example of classical conditioning is a dog’s ability to associate the sound of a bell (something that originally has no meaning to the dog) with the presentation of food (something that has a lot of meaning for the dog) a few moments later. Dogs are able to learn the association between bell and food, and will salivate immediately after hearing the bell once this connection has been made. Years of learning research have led to the creation of a highly precise learning theory that can be used to understand and predict how and under what circumstances most any animal will learn, including human beings, and eventually help people figure out how to change their behaviors. B. Role models are a popular notion for guiding child development, but in recent years very interesting research has been done on learning by example in other animals. If the subject of animal learning is taught very much in terms of classical or operant conditioning, it places too much emphasis on how we allow animals to learn and not enough on how they are equipped to learn. To teach a course of mine I have been dipping profitably into a very interesting and accessible compilation of papers on social learning in mammals, including chimps and human children, edited by Heyes and Galef. C.The research reported in one paper started with a school field trip to Israel to a pine forest where many pine cones were discovered, stripped to the central core. So the investigation started with no weighty theoretical intent, but was directed at finding out what was eating the nutritious pine seeds and how they managed to get them out of the cones. The culprit proved to be the versatile and athletic black rat (Rattus) and the technique was to bite each cone scale off at its base, in sequence from base to tip following the spiral growth pattern of the cone. D.Urban black rats were found to lack the skill and were unable to learn it even if housed with experiences cone strippers. However, infants of urban mothers cross fostered to stripper mothers acquired the skill, whereas infants of stripper mothers fostered by an urban mother could not. Clearly the skill had to be learned from the mother. Further elegant experiments showed that naive adults could develop the skill if they were provided with cones from which the first complete spiral of scales had been removed, rather like our new photocopier which you can word out how to use once someone has shown you how to switch it on. In case of rats, the youngsters take cones away from the mother when she is still feeding on them, allowing them to acquire the complete stripping skill. E. A good example of adaptive bearing we might conclude, but let’s see the economies. This was determined by measuring oxygen uptake of a rat stripping a cone in a metabolic chamber to calculate energetic cost and comparing it with the benefit of the pine seeds measured by calorimeter. The cost proved to be less than 10% of the energetic value of the cone. An acceptable profit margin. F. A paper in 1996 Animal Behavior by Bednekoff and Balda provides a different view of the adaptiveness of social learning. It concerns the seed catching behavior of Clark’s nutcracker

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(Nucifraga Columbiana) and the Mexican jay (Aphelocoma ultramarine). The former is a specialist, catching 30,000 or so seeds in scattered locations that it will recover over the months of winter, the Mexican jay will also cache food but is much less dependent upon this than the nutcracker. The two species also differ in their social structure, the nutcracker being rather solitary while the jay forages in social groups. G. The experiment is to discover not just whether a bird can remember where it hid a seed but also if it can remember where it saw another bird hide a seed. The design is slightly comical with a cacher bird wandering about a room with lots of holes in the floor hiding food in some of the holes, while watched by an observer bird perched in a cage. Two days later cachers and observers are tested for their discovery rate against an estimated random performance. In the role of cacher, not only nutcracker but also the less specialized jay performed above chance; more surprisingly, however, jay observers were as successful as jay cachers whereas nutcracker observers did no better than chance. It seems that, whereas the nutcracker is highly adapted at remembering where it hid its own seeds, the social living Mexican jay is more adept at remembering, and so exploiting, the caches of others. Questions 1 – 4: Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A – G. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A – G, in corresponding numberd boxes 1. a comparison between rats，learning and human learning 2. a reference to the earliest study in animal learning 3. the discovery of who stripped the pine cone 4. a description of a cost-effectiveness experiment Questions 5- 8: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 5.The field trip to Israel was to investigate how black rats learn to strip pine cones. 6.The pine cones were stripped from bottom to top by black rats. 7. It can be learned from other relevant experiences to use a photocopier. 8. Stripping the pine cones is an instinct of the black rats. Questions 9-11 Complete the summary below using words from the box. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. While the Nutcracker is more able to cache seeds, the Jay relies less on caching food and is thus less specialized in this ability, but more 9 __________. To study their behavior of caching and finding their caches, an experiment was designed and carried out to test these two birds for their ability to remember where they hid the seeds. In the experiment, the cacher bird hid seeds in the ground while the other 10__________. As a result, the Nutcracker and the Mexican Jay showed different performance in the role of 11__________ at finding the seeds—the observing Nutcracker didn’t do as well as its counterpart. A Less B more C Solitary D Social E Cacher F observer G remembered H Watched I Jay J Nutcracker Your answers: 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11 Part 5: You are going to read an extract from a book. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the extract. Choose from paragraphs A-H the one which fits each gap (1-7). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. Non-Verbal communication Sociological research points to the theory that certain ways of positioning or moving the body have a direct correlation with how one is perceived. People emit an aura of strength or power dependent on posture, gestures and eye movement Quick, enthusiastic, meaningful movements and gestures suggest a dynamic, alert person. People who look at, and maintain eye contact with their audience while conversing with them exude confidence and fearlessness. 1________ Being conscious of one’s posture and gestures when sitting is also conducive to creating the right impression on the beholder. When one wishes to appear self-assured and knowledgeable in an important interpersonal situation where sitting is required, a high, straight-backed chair should be

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chosen whew possible. Placing and clasping the hands behind the head, with elbows stretched to the sides, adds to the impression of comfortable assertiveness. It also keeps the hands under control and out of danger of unwanted fidgeting. 2. ________ The appropriate placing of the hands depends on the situation. When one is in an upright position, standing face to face with another person, the palms of the bands should not be evident. Hands open in a palm- revealing gesture can connote a begging or submissive attitude, 3. ________ Research shows that people to business have adopted a standard routine. Many professionals assume a hand-to-chin position when seated and when engaged in discussion, they will sit erectly in their chair with one leg crossed casually over the other, seemingly calm and cool. The moment the discussion begins to take on a more serious note, the professional will uncross the legs, place both feet squarely on the floor and lean forward to indicate assertiveness and strength. It does not do; though, to be too defensive. 4. ________ Staring or glaring eyes flash "threat or warning" to both humans and animals. How often are we observed a dog with hackles raised, staring down an opponent? Just as beasts send signals of dominance. In this fashion, so do humans. The eyes can communicate other emotions as well. Eyes can wink and shift from side to side give the illusion of nervousness or untrustworthiness. 5. ________ In some situations, staring as opposed to maintaining eye contact, can have a negative effect. In addition to being regarded as rude, staring at someone can indeed make them back down or surrender. Adversely, it could antagonise them into accepting the suggested challenge. 6. ________ This phenomenon proves to be even more evident when a person takes on the role of listener. In almost all social scenarios, people demonstrate a highlighted sense of attentiveness when a perceived person of power speaks. Whether one is discussing a teacher in a classroom or a company president in the boardroom, all eyes seem to be riveted on the sage, advice-giving, more dominant speaker. 7. ________ It is said that we form impressions of people within the first thirty seconds of meeting them. Within this time period, the beholder is strongly influenced by a person's stance, gestures and physical actions. When someone is aware of this, they are far more prepared to consciously use the tools of impression management to control the overall impression they make on those around them. PARAGRAPHS A. In the instances where the speaker wishes to present and reinforce an Impression of honesty and powerfulness on his audience, body language may speak more loudly and more effectively than the actual spoken words. B. Just as staring can be offensive at times, looking at someone too frequently or for too long a duration can also suggest something negative; namely submissiveness. With regard to higher primates and humans, both occupy themselves-for longer periods of rinse observing their superiors as opposed to theft inferiors, C.Just as posture plays a role in impression management, so do the eyes. The eyes can communicate a million words without the owner consciously knowing they are doing so. The eyes are “mirror of the soul” and by moving them, or using them in certain, ways, divert can be relayed to an observer. D. There are times when one's hands seem to have “a mind of their own”. Unconsciously, one might tap their fingers on the arms of a chair, fidget with jewellery, or even grade one's knuckles. All of these actions are very clear signs of boredom, nervousness or inattentiveness. E. A flatterer is a person who controls his impression management in such a way that the message being sent is one of a likeable, friendly person. The flatterer's aim is to be seen only in a positive light and will tell an audience exactly what they want to hear to create this aura. F. Somebody who is relaxed enough to stand before his audience without any visual signs of stress exudes self-assuredness and honesty. Even though these people are comfortable in their stance, they hold themselves erect and avoid looking round-shouldered or hunched over. Being lazy with one’s posture could be indicative of defeat, while standing tall and proud paints a picture of one who is in charge. G. It is said that many politicians are very aware of this impression that the eyes can make on an audience. Many insist that there be no movement in a television studio where they are being taped for fear that their eyes may automatically flit to the sudden movement. Obviously, no politician wants to appear to be lying or feeling uncomfortable about what he is saying during a live taping of apolitical debate or speech.

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H. When sitting, many people make the mistake of folding their arms across their chests. This gives the impression of being closed off or inaccessible to the audience. By rights, the hands should be clasped loosely, with fingers interlaced, and placed in the lap. This gesture indicates an open, friendly attitude to the audience. Your answers: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. III. WRITING (6.0 points) Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. You MUST NOT copy or rewrite the original. Your summary should be about 140 words long. (1.5pts) One of the most difficult questions to answer is how much a job is worth. We naturally expect that a doctor’s salary will be higher than a bus conductor’s wage. But the question becomes much more difficult to answer when we compare, say, a miner with an engineer, or an unskilled man working on an oil-rig in the North Sea with a teacher in a secondary school. What the doctor, the engineer and teacher have is many years of training in order to obtain the necessary qualifications for their professions. We feel instinctively that these skills and these years, when they were studying instead of earning money, should be rewarded. At the same time we recognize that the work of the miner and the oil-rig laborer is both hard and dangerous, and that they must be highly paid for the risks they take. Another factor we must take into consideration is how socially useful a man’s work is, regardless of the talents he may bring to it. Most people would agree that looking after the sick or teaching children is more important than, say, selling secondhand cars or improving the taste of toothpaste by adding a red stripe to it. Yet it is almost certain that the used car salesman earns more than the nurse, and that research chemist earns more than the school teacher. Indeed, this whole question of just rewards can be turned on its head. You can argue that a man who does a job which brings him personal satisfaction is already receiving part of his reward in the form of a so-called “psychic wage”, and that it is the man with the boring, repetitive job who needs more money to make up for the soul-destroying monotony of his work. It is significant that those jobs which are traditionally regarded as “vocations” - nursing, teaching and the Church, for example continue to be poorly paid, while others, such as those in the world of sport or entertainment, carry financial rewards out of all proportion to their social worth. 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................................................................................................................................................................ Part 2: Writing description (1.5 points)

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Some people think the increasing business and cultural contact between countries brings many positive effects. Others say it causes the loss of national identities. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 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