Lexico Wordform Cloze [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

Bùi Ngọc Minh Châu

LEXICO – IDIOMS – PHRASAL VERBS 1. She ________ agreed to go with him to the football match although she had no interest in the game at all. A. apologetically B. grudgingly: miễn cưỡng C. shamefacedly D. discreetly 2. On the way to Cambridge yesterday, the road was blocked by a fallen tree, so we had to make a ________. A. deviation B. digression C. detour D. departure - make a detour: đi đường vòng 3. Tom’s normally very efficient but he’s been making a lot of mistakes ______. A. of late: gần đây B. for now C. in a while D. shortly 4. I know it’s difficult but you’ll just have to ________ and bear it. A. laugh

B. smile

C. grin

D. chuckle

- grin and bear: chịu đựng 5. I didn’t want to make a decision ________, so I said I’d like to think about it. A. in one go B. there and then: ngay lập tức C. at a stroke D. on and off 6. We are not in a ________ hurry so let’s have another coffee. A. dashing B. racing C. rushing D. tearing - in a tearing hurry: vội 7. She’s a bit down in the________ at the moment – her husband has just lost his job. A. world B. dumps C. heart D. bottom - down in the dumps: buồn chán 8. “How did you know that he was lying?” – “It was just a ________ feeling.” A. faint B. gut C. slight D. vain - a gut feeling: cảm giác thoáng qua 9. The new company had been________with one problem after another and looked as if it were about to go under. A. glorified B. tainted C. fraught D. bewildered - be fraught with: đầy 10. Mike decided that election to the local council would provide a ________ to a career in national politics. A. milestone B. springboard: khởi điểm, bước đệm C. highway D. turning point 11. As a poet, I think she ________ comparison with the greatest this century. A. stands B. makes C. leads D. matches - stand comparision with: có thể so sánh với 12. We all have to follow the rules, and none of us is ________ the law. A. beyond B. over C. above D. onto - above the law: ngoài vòng pháp luật 13. When disaster ______, organisations such as Oxfam quickly provide help. A. comes B. approaches C. arrives D. strikes - disaster strikes: thiên tai xảy đến 14. The number of people traveling by air has been growing _______. A. by leaps and bounds: rất nhanh B. from time to time C. slow but sure D. by hook and crook 15. Drug-taking is a crime which society simply cannot _________. A. approve B. acknowledge C. consent D. condone: bỏ qua, tha thứ 16. I was scared ____________ when I looked down from the top of the cliff. A. tight B. stiff C. hard D. solid

- be bored/scared stiff: sợ chết cứng 17. The whereabouts of the exiled president remains a _________guarded secret. A. highly B. closely C. deeply D. entirely 18. We should all_________when advertisers attempt to use unfair practices. A. make a stand: đáp trả B. make a comeback C. make amends D. make a deal 19. The company cannot accept_________for injuries resulting from improper use of rental equipment A. validity B. liability: trách nhiệm pháp lí; tiền nợ, khoản phải trả C. compensation D. privilege 20. Jack never cheats or tricks anybody when he plays. He always goes by the_________ A. book B. instructions C. principles D. method - go by the book: làm đúng quy tắc 21. Recent defeats have _________his confidence in himself as a player A. undermined B. disable C. impeded D. hampered - undermine the confidence: làm giảm sự tự tin 22. People turned out in _________to watch the parade on the Independence Day. A. volume B. mass C. force D. bulk - in force: nhiều, với số lượng lớn 23. Not being able to find my phone number is a pretty_________excuse for not contacting me. A. fragile B. frail C. faint D. feeble - a feeble excuse: lí do không chính đáng 24. We were under no _________ about how difficult it would be to achieve our aims. A. fantasies B. daydreams C. illusions D. deceptions - under no illusions: không có ảo tưởng, to know and understand the reality or truth of a situation 25. The pollution problems in the town have been ___________ by mass tourism in the summer months. A. exacerbated B. developed C. augmented D. contributed 26. I'm in a bit of a _________ as to what to wear to the wedding. A. loss B. quandary C. problem D. bewilderment - in a quandary: trong tình thế khó xử 27. The problem _________because neither side was prepared to compromise. A. amassed B. escalated C. proliferated D. enhanced - escalate (v): to  become or make something become greater or more serious 28. The Red Cross is ___________ an international aid organization. A. intriguingly B. intrusively C. intrinsically: thực chất D. intrepidly 29. I couldn't stop myself from _________ with boredom during the lecture. A. sighing B. gasping C. panting D. blowing 30. My brother found it impossible to _________his anger and started shouting. A. restrict B. inhibit C. reserve D. contain= control 31. Fitting together the thousands of fragments of the broken vase was a long and ___________ task. A. minute B. careful C. painstaking: cực nhọc D. minuscule 32. You’ll just have to _________ yourself to the fact that you can’t always have what you want. A. acknowledge B. reconcile C. concede D. allow - reconcile yourself to sth: to  accept a situation or fact although you do not like it

33. The students had no money left and took out a loan to _________ him over until the end of term. A. last B. tend C. keep D. tide - tide sb over (sth): to help someone to work or operate normally through a difficult period, usually by  lending them money 34. Money was short and people survived by _________and saving. A. scrimping B. scavenging C. scouring D. scrounging - scrimp and save: tiết kiệm 35. Jane was terribly nervous before the interview but she managed to pull herself ________ and act confidently. A. through B. over C. together D. off - pull oneself together: kiềm chế cảm xúc, giữ bình tĩnh 36.This is the _________timetable for the conference. It may change later A. conditional B. indefinite C. provisional: tạm thời D. indeterminate 37. She didn’t show even a _________of emotion when the court found her guilty. A. gleam B. wink C. flicker D. flash 38. Few people can do creative work unless they are in the right _________ of mind. A. trend B. frame C. attitude D. tendency - in the right frame of mind: đúng tâm trạng 39. It was decided that the cost of the project would be _________ and so it was abandoned. A. repressive B. prohibitive C. restrictive D. exclusive 40. I didn't really feel like memorizing all these definitions. It was only the risk of getting another bad mark that made me _________myself. A. exert B. absorb C. endeavour D. deploy - exert oneself: to make an effort; try hard; work hard 41. In times of _________ unemployment figures usually rise dramatically. A austerity B severity C sobriety D. gravity 42. The delight in treasure finding doesn’t always ________acquiring tremendous amounts of valuables. A. dwell on B. poke around C. lay about D. hinge upon - hinge on/upon sth: If one thing hinges on another, the first thing depends on the second thing or is very  influenced by it 43. Let’s _________ the place, it looks so gloomy and unpleasant. A. miss B. abandon C. depart D. disappear 44. She used the map to discover where she was in ________to her surroundings. A. connection B. affinity C. relation D. reference 45. He let it __________ that the Prime Minister was a close friend of his. A. announce B. talk C. drop D. infer - let sth drop: to stop talking about sth 46. 1. It was a fantastic film. I enjoyed it _________. A. endlessly B. unendingly C. without end D. no end= very much 47. When the children _________ their toys, I donated them to charity. A. outlasted B. outdated C. outgrew D. outwore - outgrow: stop doing sth or lose interest in sth as you become older 48. I was in the ______ of despair before I heard the good news. A. depths B. profundities C. bottoms D. holes - in the depths of despair: tuyệt vọng 49. When are we going to get rid of all these empty cartons? They've been _________ up the office for weeks now. A. buttering B. clutching C. cluttering D. botching

- clutter up: làm bừa bộn/ lộn xộn 50. The luxurious office accentuated the manager's position _________. It enhanced his power and his sense of his own worth. And it made other people feel small. A. on the pecking pole B. in the nibbling line C. at the nipping post D. in the pecking order - pecking order: an informal social system in which some people or groups know they are more or less important than others WORDFORM 1. Democracy died after a period of _incessant/ ceaseless_(cease) wars, imperial expansion abroad, and the rise of demagoguery at home. - incessant/ ceaseless: không dứt, triền miên 2. The consequences of _compulsive_ (compel) gambling are comparable to those of any other addictive disease and are not simply those of financial loss. 3. The prison service has the twin goals of punishment and _rehabilitation_ (habit). 4. The first _preconception_ (conceive) is that legal study at university is exclusively for students who intend becoming solicitors or advocates. 5. Too late, she remembered the _unsettling_ (settle) effect such comments would have on Johnny. - unsettling: đáng lo 6. Some economists are now predicting the danger of _runaway_ (run) inflation. - runaway: xảy ra rất nhanh 7. The _narrative_ (narrate) in this book plays second fiddle to the excellent photographs. - narrative: câu chuyện 8. They were now faced with seemingly_insurmountable_ (mount) technical problems. - insurmountable: không thể vượt qua 9. When you come down on him too hard, you may only intensify his own _self-criticism_ (critic) 10. Your speech should not have been _interlaced_ (lace) with these facts beside the point. - interlaced: trộn lẫn 11. Their views lie outside the _mainstream_ (stream) of current medical opinion. 12. The teachers are fair and avoid _favouritism_ (favour) and scapegoating. 13. She has become _enmeshed_(mesh) in a tangle of drugs and petty crime. - enmeshed: vướng vào 14. Do not set your goals too high or else you will always be failing and there is nothing more _demoralising_ (moral) - demoralize (v): làm nản lòng/ mất tinh thần 15. The demise of the industry has caused _untold_(tell) misery to thousands of hard-working tradesmen. 16. Attracting the banks are the _resurgent_ (surge) economy and reforms that have opened up industries to foreign capital. 17. The ordinary reader is impressed by the tone and manner of publication, and the words chosen to _headline_ (head) a story. 18. At all events, it was this group of the _dispossessed_ (possess) that gave the first successful impetus to the Revolution. - dispossessed: người bị tước quyền sở hữu

19. _Predatory_(prey) pricing by large supermarkets was threatening the livelihood of smaller businesses. - predatory pricing: chiến lược định giá săn mồi (định giá bán sp tới mức thấp nhất để loại trừ các đối thủ cạnh tranh) 20. He is a _vociferous_(voice) critic of the president's stance on abortion. - vociferous (adj): repeatedly and  loudly expressing your opinions and complaints, or (of demands, complaints, etc.) expressed in this way 21. She made several ________ (par) remarks about the manager she dislikes. 22. As women we tend to be ________ (face) and make light of what we have achieved. 23. GEW lamp dimming promise uptime at least 1500 hours, raised productivity and reduces ________ (time) 24. Would you mind if I took one of the pictures as a________(keep)? 25. Mania usually alternates with depression, to form a ________ (pole) disorder. 26. This was too wide a ________ (hole) for the tax planners: no wonder inheritance tax is called a voluntary tax. 27. The teacher said that he found it difficult to cope with a class of ________ (affect) teenagers. 28. He is ________ (fail) polite and tries desperately to understand other people's views. 29. The court ________ (turn) that decision on the grounds that the Prosecution had withheld crucial evidence. 30. Some of these statements are misleading and some downright ________ (amend) 31. The state ________ (fast) refused to settle this matter at any time. 32. What is illustrated by these photographs is as much the culture of shamelessness as the reigning admiration for ________ (apology) brutality. 33. The judge found that in her case there were________(mitigate) circumstances. 34. He impressed his audience by the ________ (profound) of his knowledge. 35. The causes of social ________(stress) include inadequate housing. 36. He was in the ________ (envy) position of having to choose between imprisonment or exile. 37. He was ________ (capacity) by old age and sickness. 38. The bank is ________ (solve) and will be unable to live up to its obligations. 39. Natalie considered herself very ________ (virtue) because she neither drank nor smoked. 40. Their refusal to ________ (tail) spending plans and to increase the burden on poll tax payers is expected. 41. Rather than a benevolent "socialist" super power China, whose population is made up over 90% Han Chinese, will ________ (stride) the world as a racially homogeneous, and communalistic "Middle Kingdom”. 42. Broadly speaking, on-line shopping experiences can be categorized into two distinct dimensions: ________ (use) and hedonic value. 43. It encouraged experimenters to propose ________ (beat) or novel approaches to problems. 44. It's a bustling ________ (eat) where the fishy fare is served in cones of butcher's paper. 45. Several spoke out against the harshly ________ (right) tone of the original motion. 46. Elections are essential for the ________ (sustain) of parliamentary democracy. 47. ________ (similar) is consequently difficult, particularly as the minority groups experience considerable hostility. 48. Growth and ________ (mature) of vascular plants are often controlled by light, usually in conjunction with temperature. 49. The practice of meditation and ________ (temple) is life-long, reflecting this daily process of repentance and change at heart.

50. The new policy only serves to ________ (accent) the inadequacy of provision for the homeless. A. There are a myriad of lifestyle issues affecting the youth of today. Such is the pressure heaped on many school-goers to achieve academic excellence by their parents that these 1_______ (real) expectations are causing children to become hopelessly depressed. Indeed, some, in their 2_______ (despair) to escape and their sense of guilt at being unable reach the levels of success demanded of them by their 3_______ (push) parents, either rebel in what is 4_______ (amount) to a cry for help, or, worse still, engage in 5_______ (harm). It is no coincidence that suicide rates, especially amongst young males, have been rising steadily for some time now. These are tough times to be a teen. Then there are those who get hooked on the internet; the 6 _______ (virtue) world becomes their reality. For these teens, their social circle shrinks 7_______ (drama) until, at last, their friendship sphere is limited solely to their online 8_______ (bud). Not alone do they commonly suffer from sleep 9_______ (private) on account of their destructive addiction to game play and net-surfing, their behaviour may become so _______ (err) and peculiar over time as to be considered 10_______ (social) . And while they sit at their computer screens hidden away in splendid isolation from the real world, such is the lack of exercise they get that their calorie intake far exceeds what is necessary for them to maintain a stable weight. In essence, due to their sedentary lifestyle, their weight 11_______ (rocket) until such time as they become morbidly obese. B. The standard of television programming produced in this country is in terminal decline. The 1_______ (shed) has become a meaningless term confined in its 2_______ (apply) to 3_______ (go) days when adult content felt the full force of censorship and was not allowed to appear on the box until after 9:00 p.m. Nowadays, however, it seems anything goes any time. And, truth told, whatever anything is, it seldom 'goes' for much longer than a half hour or so at any rate before it is interrupted by a commercial break. And don't even get me started on those appalling 4_______ (inform) most of the networks run right the way through the night, one after another, for up to thirty minutes at a time. lt is truly painful. Terrestrial television is now, as far as I am concerned, a laughing stock. All the quality has been bought up by the satellite networks, with their big-money weight behind them, but even here 5_______ (pick) are slim. In protest at the dire state of things, I have become a converted 6_______ (net). I look to the web now to find good content. There, I can find just enough 7_______ (run) of quality programmes to prevent myself from falling into utter despair and pining for the good old days of 8_______ (year). C. In January 2001, the 1_______ (govern) Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued its latest report on climate change. Climate models worked out by giant super-computers had become far more reliable since the previous report in 1995 and allowed them to 2_______ (praise) the earlier projections for global warming. Their conclusions were that something very serious is happening and that it cannot be a natural process. The 1990s was the hottest decade for 1,000 years and the Earth is warming faster than at any time in the last 10,000 years. According to the report, human activities are 3_______ (equivocate) to blame for the temperature rise. The burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide and, due to deforestation, there are fewer trees to absorb this gas and recycle it back into oxygen. Methane 4_______ (concentrate) have also gone up dramatically because of increases in rice culture and 5_______ (cattle), both of which generate methane from 6_______ (compose) vegetation. These greenhouses gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere and cause the temperature to rise. In the worst case, the resulting melting of ice-caps and glaciers would cause sea levels to rise by up to 88 cm, endangering the homes and 7_______ (lively) of tens of millions of people who live in lowlying regions.

Unfortunately, there is far greater 8_______ (unanimous) among the world’s scientists over the issue than among politicians. As long ago as 1990, the IPCC recommended a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide 9_______ (emit), as the basic level required to return the planet’s climate to a healthy level. Governments globally failed to 10_______ (act) these proposals. Now that the dangers have been reaffirmed by the latest report, it is high time that governments took an active interest in exploring alternative, renewable energy sources. CLOZE TEST Part 1. Cressida Cowell is the author of the widely-praised How to Train your Dragon series of children’s books. She spent her own childhood holidays on a remote island, where she has left very much to her own (1)________ . As a result, she became an avid reader, entertaining (2)________ with books and developing a fervent imagination. She even (3)________ up her own secret languages. Cowell believes that today’s children still have a real (4)________ for language, even though their attention (5)________ may not be as great as in her day, (6)________ them less tolerant of descriptive passages in stories. Her books are outlandish and exciting, with vivid imagery, cliffhangers and eye-catching illustrations. Dragons seem to (7)________ to children of all nationalities, who also seem to (8)________ with her protagonist, Hiccup, quite easily. Hiccup is a boy who battles his way through’s life problems, often against the (9)________. Cowell is currently planning an illustrated book for teenagers. In her own words, she enjoys breaking the (10)________ and finds that kids are open-minded enough to (11)________ this. Part 2. Recent research carried out in Ireland amongst chefs and consumers found that 48% of people (1)________ to regularly over-ordering in restaurants. A campaign has been launched as a result calling for the food-service industry to join (2)________ with chefs and consumers to address the issue of food waste. To bring the research findings to (3)________, the owner of a restaurant in Dublin is creating a "Great Irish Waste" menu, reconsidering food ingredients that have been thrown away, rejected or (4)________ inedible and turning them into imaginative dishes that are both appetising and of a suitable (5)________ to serve his customers. He says that while there will always be some (6)________ of waste in the kitchen due to elements such as bones or fat trimmings, there's an opportunity to minimize wastage in the restaurant (7)________ through better communication. "Even though so much food comes back on customers' plates and goes in the bin, the majority of diners aren't aware of the environmental or cost (8)________ of that waste." Without consumers shifting their (9)________ restaurants will struggle to reduce food waste significantly. Tackling this problem as a consumer is straightforward. Ultimately, it (10)________ down to smart shopping, clever cooking and shrewd storage. Part 3. The relationship between the modern consumer and his or her rubbish is a complex one. Getting rid of rubbish has come to mean a great deal more than simply consigning breakfast leftovers (1)________ a plastic bag. With the (2)________ of recycling, rubbish has now invaded many people’s personal lives to an unprecedented degree. There was a time, in living (3)________, when rubbish collection was a simple matter – but today’s household rubbish, (4)________ being discarded, has to be filed and sorted into colour-coded containers according to its recycling category. What is more, we are (5)________ out in a rash of irritation by the suggestion that, if rubbish collections (6)________ to become more infrequent, people would then make the effort to cut down on shopping and recycle more. We might be excused for wondering how this would lives require? Recycling is (8)________ to be good for us. But for some, it’s just a (9)________ of rubbish.

Part 4. The environmental outlook for the future is mixed. Inspite of economic and political changes, interest in and (1)________ about the environmental remains high. Problems such as acid deposition, chlorofluorocarbons and ozone depletions still require (2)________and concerted action is needed to deal with these. (3)________ acid deposition diminish, loss of aquatic life in nothern lakes and streams will continue and forest growth may be affected. Water pollution will (4)________ a growing problem as an increasing human population (5)________ untold stress on the environment. To reduce environmental degradation and for humanity to (6)________ its habitat, societies must recognize that resources are finite. Environmentalists believe that, as populations and their demands increase, the idea of continuous growth must give (7)________ to a more rational use of the environment, but that this can only be brought about by a dramatic (8)________ in the attitude of the human species.