Középfokú írásbeli feladatok: angol : [B2] 9638842733, 9789638842732 [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

Középfokú írásbeli feladatok ANGOL

•

,

..,

KOZEPFOKU , , lRASBELI FELADATOK

ANGOL Budapest, 2010

-------------------,....

Készítették: BME Idegennyelvi Központ Angol Nyelvi Csoport

Szakmai lektor: Hegyközi Zsuzsa Anyanyelvi lektor: Palmer, Nicholas A. Szerkesztő: Zákány András

Felelős kiadó: Deák Ágnes

ISBN szám: 978963 8842732 Kiadja: PI Innovációs Kft. 1106 Budapest, Gépmadár u. 5.

© BME Nyelvvizsgaközpont

Budapest, 2010

Our motto: We want to know what you do know and not what you don't.

---------

Tartalomjegyzék Bevezető Writing Parts 1-2 Writing Parts 1-2 Set 1 Writing Parts 1-2 Candi date Answer Sheet Writing Parts 1-2 Set 2 Writing Parts 1-2 Candidate Answer Sheet Writing Parts 1-2 Set 3 Writing Parts 1-2 Candi date Answer Sheet Writing Parts 1-2 Set 4 Writing Parts 1-2 Candidate Answer Sheet Writing Parts 1-2 Set 5 Writing Parts 1-2 Candidate Answer Sheet Writing Part 3 Writing Part 3 Set O Writing Part 3 Sets 1-5 Writing Part 3 Candidate Answer Sheet. Reading Part 1 Reading Part 1 Set 1 Reading Part 1 Set 2 Reading Part 1 Set 3 Reading Part 1 Set 4 Reading Part 1 Set 5 Reading Part 2 Reading Part 2 Set 1 Reading Part 2 Set 2 Reading Part 2 Set 3 Reading Part 2 Set 4 Reading Part 2 Set 5 Translation Translation Set 1 Translation Set 2 Translation Set 3 Translation Set 4 Translation Set 5 Translation Candidate Answer Sheet

6

Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5

8 11 13 16 17 20 21 24 25 28 29 32 33 35 36 38 41 43 44 45 46 47 49 52 54 56 58 60 63 66 67 68 69 70 71

Keys Writing Parts 1-2 Set 1 Writing Parts 1-2 Set 2 Writing Parts 1-2 Set 3 Writing Parts 1-2 Set 4 Writing Parts 1-2 Set 5 Writing Part 3 Set O Reading Part 1 Sets 1-5 Reading Part 2 Sets 1-2 Reading Part 2 Sets 3-4 Reading Part 2 Set 5 Translation Set 1 Translation Set 2 Translation Set 3 Translation Set 4 Translation Set 5 My Results

73 74 75 76 77 78 79 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90

7

Tisztelt Vizsgázó!

Ön a Budapesti

Műszaki

és Gazdaságtudományi

Egyetem

Nyelvvizsgaközpontjának

középfokú gyakorlókönyvét tartja a kezében. Nyilván az a szándéka, hogy a közeljövőben vizsgát tegyen nálunk és kiváncsi, mire számíthat a vizsgán. Ehhez nyújt segítséget a gyakorlókönyv.

Ha további információra van szüksége, látogassa meg honlapunkat:

www.bmenyelvizsga.bme.hu

8

A KÖZÉPFOKÚ (82) VIZSGA FELÉpíTÉSE A

Feladatok száma

Feladat típusa személyes beszélgetés Beszédkészség önálló témakifejtés Ó kép/ek alapján b szituációs feladat e j egyzetkészítés l Hallott szöveg igaz- hamis i értése választásos feladat lyukas szöveg kiegészítése adott egységgel Nyelvismeret feleletválasztós í tesztfeladatok r irányított fogalmazás á Íráskészség (levél) * s szövegek / b szövegrészek e Olvasott összekapcsolása* l szöveg értése kérdésekre i válaszadás * fordítás idegen nyelvről magyar Közvetítés nyelvre* s z

* nyomtatott

6-7 kérdés 5-6 gondolati egység 10 címszó 10 állítás

Idő

Max. pontszám

kb. 15 perc

60 pont

Teljesítési vizsga minimum sikeres 40% 60%-tól

24 pont 72 pont

30 pont kb. 20perc 30 pont

24 pont

10 pont

-

30 kiegészítés

15 pont

-

4 szempont

35 pont

14 pont

5 hozzárendelés

10 pont

20 kiegészítés

10 információs egység

45 perc

72 pont 160 perc

12 pont 20 pont 30 pont

12 pont

szótár használata megengedett, a szótárt a vizsgázó hozza magával

A nyelvvizsga akkor sikeres, ha a vizsgázó az elérhető összpontszám legalább 60%-át teljesíti úgy, hogy emellett - mint minden Magyarországon letehető akkreditált nyelvvizsga esetében valamennyi készségnél (szóbelinél beszédkészség és hallás utáni értés, írásbelinél íráskészség, olvasott szöveg érté se és közvetítés) a maximális pontszám legalább 40%-át is eléri. A vizsgára akkor érdemes jelentkeznie,

ha a feladatok otthoni vagy iskolai megoldása során

körülbelül 80%-ot sikerül elérni, azaz jól felkészült. Ugyanis a vizsgadrukk, az ismeretlen helyszín, az ismeretlen arcok és egyéb figyelemelvonó körülmények miatt a vizsgán esetleg ennél egy kicsit gyengébben teljesíthet.

9

Hogyan használhatja a gyakorlókönyvet? A gyakorlókönyvet tanári segítséggel-

igyekeztünk úgy összeállítani, hogy azt akár önállóan is - vagy kevés könnyen és eredményesen tudja használni.

Mielőtt önállóan kezd dolgozni kiadványunkkal, ismerje meg annak felépítését. A könyvben - az írásbeli vizsga feladatainak sorrendjét követve - az egyes részfeladatokból mutatunk be 5-5 mintát.

Annak

érdekében,

hogy

minél

eredményesebben

használhassa

a könyvet,

az egyes

feladattípusok előtt néhány hasznos tanácsot adunk.

A vizsgán az egyes feladatok megoldásait (színes) válaszlapokra (Candidate Answer Sheet) kell átmásolni, csak az ezeken a lapokon szereplő válaszokat értékelik a javítók. Azért, hogy az átmásolásról

a vizsgán se feledkezzen

el, válaszait már a gyakorlás során is ilyen

válaszlapokra írhatja, melyeket a feladatok után talál. Figyeljen arra, hogy a vizsgán adott idő alatt kell a feladatokat megoldania, ezért érdemes a megoldásra szánt időt mérnie.

Törekedjen arra, hogya

gyakorlás során az adott/javasolt időn belül oldja meg a feladatot

úgy, hogy még maradjon ideje az ellenőrzésre is.

A könyv végén található kulcsok (Keys) segítségével ellenőrizheti válaszait. Természetesen csak akkor lapozzon ide, ha már az adott feladatot befejezte. A 88. oldalon található táblázatba (My Results) beírhatja az egyes feladatoknál elért eredményeit és a rájuk fordított időt.

ló munkát és sikeres felkészülést kívánunk! Viszontlátásra a vizsgán!

10

Writing Parts 1-2

.------------------------------------------------------

Gyakorlati tanácsok A vizsgán a nyelvtani és szókincsismeretet mérő két feladat megoldására összesen 45 perc áll rendelkezésre. Ne feledje, hogy ezen idő alatt a megoldásokat át kell másolnia a válaszlapra is. Ebben a részben szótár nem használható. Az első feladatban egy összefüggő szöveget talál, amelyből hiányzik 20 elem. Egy menüből kell kiválasztani az adott helyre illő szót vagy kifejezést. A menü 25 elemet tartalmaz ábécé sorrendben. Mindig adunk példát, ennek jele "O". Hogyan dolgozzon a lyukas szöveggel? • • •

• •

• •

Olvassa el a szöveget, hogy megismerje annak tartalmát. Nézze végig a menüben megadott szavakat és kifejezéseket. Először próbálja meg a menü segítsége nélkül a szöveg et kiegészíteni. Mindig ellenőrizze, szerepel-e a menüben az a szó, amire gondolt. Ha igen, ceruzával írja be a lyukba, a menüben pedig írja a szó mellé, melyik helyre tette. Ha nem tud egy-egy hiányzó elemet önállóan kiegészíteni, menjen tovább, s ha a szöveg végére ért, térjen vissza a problematikus részekhez. Sokat segít, ha átgondolja, milyen szófajú lehet a hiányzó elem. Ne feledje, hogya beillesztett szónak nem csak tartalmilag, hanem nyelvtanilag is helyesnek kell lenni. Ha kész, még egyszer olvassa át a teljes szöveget. Végül megoldásait (a szavakat) írja át a válasz lapra.

Erre a feladatra másolással együtt körülbelül 20 percet szánjon. A második feladatban rövidebb lyukas szövegekkel kell dolgozni. Ezúttal a hiányzó elemeket három adott lehetőségből (A/B/C) kell kiválasztani. Hogyan dolgozzon a feleletválasztós teszttel? •

A megoldásnál a fenti eljárást érdemes követni, viszont elég a jó választ bekarikázni, majd a válasz lapon a megfelelő betűnél jelölni.

Erre a feladatra is körülbelül 20 percet szánjon, aztán másolja át megoldásait.

Értékelés: Mindkét feladatban valamennyi helyes megoldásért 0,5 pont jár. Maximálisan elérhető pontszám 25.

12

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 1 Complete the text below by writing a suitable word from the list in each space provided. There are 20 gaps but 25 words are given. Use each word once only. There is one example (O) for you. Write the correct word in the chart on your separate answer sheet.

THE FLORA DANCE The people of Cornwall (the most south-westerly county in England) .... are .... (O) from Celtic stock. They are descendants of the ancient Britons, (1) were forced by the Saxons into the most inaccessible parts of the island, Wales and Cornwall. The Cornishman had his own language, a form of Celtic, (2) the middle of the eighteenth century (3) language is now dead except in numerous place-names, ................. (4) as Mevagissey, Polperro. The nationalism of the Cornishman,

(5), is

by no means dead. A man from west of the Devon border (6) first a Cornishman and - only by afterthought - an Englishman. Cornishmen are highly aware (7) their being different from the English. They have a history, traditions, and customs very much the

(8) own. Certainly one of

(9) famous folk traditions of Cornwall is the Flora Dance. This folk dance has

................. (10) home in the village of Helstone. On a certain day

(11) the

inhabitants of the village, except (12) who are too old or too young (13) dance the three or four steps, gather in the market-place (14) the village band strikes up the traditio nal tune of the Flora Dance, the villagers form groups the band and go their way dancing door and out at the back.

(16) all the houses in the village, in at the front (17) most other Comish customs, the Flora dance

................. (18) been commercialised late ly for the tourists Cornwall now has its Flora Dance not once a year, but two and

across alI althouah Me as behind even everv had has however is its

(lS)

like most of such that their then this those through to until who

13

(19) town or village in (20) three times.

Read the texts below and decide which answer A, B or C best fits each space. Mark the correct answer on the answer sheet. Only one answer is correct. MAISIE McDONALD An ambulance and the police were called to the home ofMaisie McDonald yesterday in the centre of Glasgow. A doctor

(21) the house discovered the strange st collection

of animals sharing the house with Maisie. While the ambulance

(22) to the local

hospital with 83-year-old Maisie, the police were trying to solve the problem of who ................. (23) after her pets during her stay in hospitaL The Head Keeper at Edinburgh Zoo had this to say. "1 have never seen different kinds of animals in anybody's

(24)

home. Maisie has done a wonderful job and

................. (25) of the animals have been neglected in any way. " Inspector Bill Miles

(26) our reporter: "We are making

to keep Maisie's pets alive until she

(27) effort

(28) from hospitaL I think we

(29)

consider the possibility of placing many of them with families. The others

(30) to

the zoo." So what exactly did they find in Maisie's house? The bathroom

(31) taken

over by a goat and several ducks. A fully grown tiger was living in the attic the zoo-keepers at Edinburgh Zoo reported yesterday that it was as and they had no trouble persuading it

(33) a pussy cat

(34) into the van to go to the zoo.

From her hospital bed Maisie, suffering c1eaning out the tiger's room this morning down. I

(32),

(35) a broken leg, said: "1 was (36) he got too playfui and knocked me

(37) to drag myself out and called one of the dogs. I often send him to

the Post Office with a note to get things for me, note asking for help. Everyone

(38) this time I sent him with a

(39) so kind to me, but I'm really terribly worried

...................... (40) my pets. "

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

A was visiting A has speeded A willlook A so many A some A said A A released A will have A can take A had

B B B B B B B B B B B

visited was speeded would look such a number none reported aH is released need can be taken had been

14

C C C C C C C C C C C

visiting was speeding has to look such a lot no one told every will be released must would be taken has been

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

However tame like getting from when managed because were of

A A A A A A A A A

B B B B B B B B B

Although tame to get with during succeeded so had been about

C C C C C C C C C

That's why tame as get by as long as could so that has been by

AN EXTREMELY RARE ANTIQUE VASE

It might be tiny, but aporcelain vase is about family's bank account. The rare Royal Worcester vase,

(41) a big difference to one (42) for less than f20, is

in fact worth flO,OOO. It

(43) in Mrs. Anne Hemming's china cabinet for 20 years after she had

bought it from an antiques shop in Somerset. She had a very refmed eye for antiques and was very good at

(44) things like this vase. The shop owner did not reali se its

historicai significance

(45) Mrs. Hemming had a good idea of what it was. She

paid less than f20

(46) it. Her family didn't know

when she died experts

(47) value but

(48) called in and they told the family the vase was

worth flO,OOO. Although China

(49) making porcelain for 1,000 years, the English only

figured out how to make it in about 1750 and this vase is one of the earliest examples. It is due to

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

(50) under the hammer in an auction house next week.

A A A A A A A A A A

making is bought sits spotting but on one's were were have gone

B B B B B B B B B B

to make bought has sat being spotted as to their have had been be gone

15

C to be made C buying C sat C having spotted C that's why C for C its C had C IS C go

date Answer Sheet Set 1 Date:

------------------

Part 1 1.

11.

2.

12.

3.

13.

4.

14.

5.

15.

6.

16.

7.

17.

8.

18.

9.

19.

10.

20. Correct answers

Part 2 A

B

C

A

B

C

A

21.

31.

41.

22.

32.

42.

23.

33.

43.

24.

34.

44.

25.

35.

45.

26.

36.

46.

27.

37.

47.

28.

38.

48.

29.

39.

49.

30.

40.

50.

Correct answers

16

B

C

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 2 Complete the text below by writing a suitable word from the list in each space provided. There are 20 gaps but 25 words are given. Use each word once only. There is one example (O) for you. Write the correct word in the chart on your separate answer sheet. A JOURNEY BY TUBE Tom was

rather

(O) looking forward to his first joumey by Tube,

underground railway in London is called. He

(1) the

(2) heard a great deal about it from his

friends who had already been (3) England. They all advised him not to travel alone the first time. But Tom is the kind ofperson who (4) listens to anyone's advice. It is not surprising ,

(5), that his first joumey by Tube was not a great success.

Tom entered the station shortly bad time to travel in London,

(6) five o' clock in the aftemoon. This is a (7) by bus and underground,

because crowds of

people go home (8) work at this hour. He had to join a long queue of people .............. (9) were waiting for tickets . .......

(10), he got the right ticket in the end and, by asking

the way, he also found the right platform. This manage to get on the first train, platform

(11) people

(12) packed with people. He did not

(13) he was able to move nearer the edge of the

(14) to be in a better position to get on the next one

(15) this

carne in, Tom was pushed forward onto the train (16) the people from behind. He was unable to see the names (17) the stations where the train stopped, but he counted the number of stops (18) he would know where to get off. His station was the sixth along the line. But when he got off, he was astonished to see that he was at a station

(19)

he had never heard ofl Fortunately he soon realised he had travelIed on a train going ................ (20) the wrong direction.

after

alona as both but by few from had has however in like

never of Míhet'

several so as so that that therefore to was when who with

17

Read the texts below and decide which answer A, B or C best fits each space. Mark the correct answer on the answer sheet. Only one answer is correct.

GUINEAPIG ............

(21) language has its own special words and expressions. Often, they give

new meaning to a common word or phrase. One such American expression is "guinea pig." ...............

(22) centuries, scientists have used animals in medical experiments. They

. .. .. .. . .. .. . .. (23) to experiment on guinea pigs because the animals are small and are easy ...............

(24). They reproduce quickly and resist disease,

laboratory tests. Scientists

(25) them valuable for

(26) guinea pigs to test many important medicines.

For example, one of the most important medicines

(27) in recent years has been

the vaccine to control the chicken pox disease. Guinea pigs are

(28) the most

common animals that scientists use in medical experiments. So, the expression, "guinea pig" has come to mean more than just the name ofthe animals. Now, it means anybody or anything on ............... 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

A A A A A A A A A

(29) an experime nt is done. alI smce enjoy controlled making are used are developing between which

ever about a rove to control make

B B B B B B B B B

C C C C C C C C C

ed amon that

most for choose controllin to make have been used develo ed within what

T HE FIRST PHONE BOOK The first phone book,

(30) in 1880, contained no numbers, just 248 London

names and addresses. If you wanted .............

(31), you had to ring the operator and ask

(32) the person by name

said

(33), the first directory was not British. It is

(34) a single sheet of paper, which

(35) distributed

Connecticut in 1878. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

A [published A connecting A for A although A to be A was

B

B B B B B

was ublished to connect about however to have be en has 18

C C C C C C

has ublished to be connected des ite to have

in

WINDSURFING 1

(36) windsurfmg now for six years, and teaching others to do it for most of

the time. 1 run a windsurfer school and shop with my wife Jane. 1 don't think 1 chose windsurfmg

(37) a hobby or profession: windsurfing

chose me. Strangely enough, 1 had never even seen anyone

(38) before 1 went to

sailing school on a Caribbean island in the summer of 1975

(39) a school there, but

no one was very proficient. After all, they had only had their boats a month when 1 arrived. However,

(40) 1 saw people enjoying the sport, 1 decided

been sailing for at least ten years, and in some ways it seemed boat: at least it had a sail. And 1 saw it as

(41) it up. 1 had (42) another sailing

(43) challenge.

Probably because 1 have done so much windsurfmg since then, 1 can't remember every .............

(44) of my first experience. .

(45) 1 do remember is that 1 couldn't even

stand up on the thing at first, but after 1 had fallen off quite

(46) times, 1 soon

caught on, and by the end of that first day, was doing quite well, For me windsurfmg is

(47) sport. And it' s not dangerous as long as you use

your common sense and follow what you

(48). I've certainly never broken any

bones; I've never even injured myself. It wasn't until after 1

(49) back to Britain that 1 carne across proper courses

for people who want to take up windsurfmg. If!' d gone to a proper school at the start, life .............

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

(50) much easier.

'd been as windsurfed There is as soon as take as -

detail That a little very stimulating are taught had come will be

B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B

've been like to windsurf There was quickly to take like the details Which few the most stimulated have taught have come would have been

19

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

am than windsurfing It was early taking so a ofthe details What a few the most stimulating had taught carne will have be en

Writing Parts 1-2 Candidate Answer Sheet Set 2 Date:

-------------------

Part 1 1.

11.

2.

12.

3.

13.

4.

14.

5.

15.

6.

16.

7.

17.

8.

18.

9.

19.

10.

20.

Correct answers Part 2 A

B

A

C

B

A

B

C

---'------'1x 0,5=

L-I __

C

21.

31.

41.

22.

32.

42.

23.

33.

43.

24.

34.

44.

25. ---

35.

45.

26.

36.

46.

27.

37.

47.

28.

38.

48.

29.

39.

49.

30.

40.

50.

Correct answersl

20

L- __

--'--------'1D,

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 3 Complete the text below by writing a suitable word from the list in each space provided. There are 20 gaps but 25 words are given. Use each word once only. There is one example (O) for you. Write the correct word in the chart on your separate answer sheet. DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. the

In 1983

(O) United States Congress passed a law

birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a national holiday. The new holiday,

(1) made the

(2) is

celebrated every year on the third Monday in January, honours Dr. King's work for the promotion of peaceful ways to secure free dom (3) equality . ................ (4) a black child growing up in the South in the 1930s, Martin Luther King, Jr.

(5) to face the problems of segregation and racial injustice. He wanted

................

(6) help change things for the better.

First he thought

(7) becoming a lawyer or a doctor. Later,

impressed by his father's work for civil rights and importance of religion, he decided to become a priest. let him preach in his church found his calling,

and went

Pennsylvania. Always

(9) own feeling of the (10) he was 17, his father

(11) was such a success that he was sure he had (12) to study at a theological

seminary

in

(13) good student, King enrolled at Boston University for

(14) study, and earned a Doctor of Philosophy degree

..............

(8),

(15) the '50s

and '60s he was an untiring worker for the civil rights movement, leading (16) peaceful protests, and insisting on non-violence (17) when he and his family ..............

(18) attacked.

.. . . . . . . . . . . .. (19) his prominence as a leader in the civil rights movement, Dr. King

received threats to his life. On April 4, 1968 as he stepped out of his hotel room a rifle shot ................ (20) heard. At the young age of 39, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated, a and as because because of during even farther further had has his however

it manv much of on that #te there to was were when which

21

Read the texts below and decide which answer A, B or C best fits each space. Mark the correct answer on the answer sheet. Only one answer is correct. FISH SCULPTURES My father died when 1 was eight years old. Due income, there was neither enough food to eat supplement the family income, 1

(21) my mother's modest (22) fancy clothes to wear. To

(23) to take up a job

(24) a shopkeeper's

help. (25) bad that 1 had to abandon school and take

Eventually our situation got up a mechanic's job in a car workshop

(27), 1

(26) the workshop paid me

still stayed. There 1 started pursuing an activity

(28) kept me hooked to the job.

While attending to the spare parts of vehic1es, 1 started colleeting upon in the workshop - empty plastic bottles, wires,

(29) 1 stumbled (30) fish bones from my

colleagues' sandwich boxes. 1then moulded these things into interesting objects flowers, birds and trees, so slowlya fascinating collection

country, owing to

(34) trade fairs and exhibitions. 1 began travelling around the (35) 1 had to quit my job. 1didn't have any regrets, for it gave me

an opportunity to make a living

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

for either had as very Because a little that whenever still likely emerged that on which on

(32) out of the waste.

(33) encouraged me to exhibit them. 1

My artworks impressed even my boss, started taking part

(31)

(36) something Iloved to do.

B to B nor B need B like B so B However B little B what B whichever B yet B like B has emerged B who B ill B what B out of

22

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

-

or must similar such Though few -

whatever even as had emerged -

at that from

SPAIN TREATS CHILD PHONE ADDICTS Two children in Spain

(37) to amental

health institution to be treated for

addiction to their mobile phones. The children, aged 12 and 13, were sent to the c1inic . .. . . .. . .. (38) their parents, who said they

(39) carry out normal activities without

their handsets. They were doing badly at school and lying to relatives

(40) get money

to spend on their phones. They ..........

(41) to cope without their phones for three months. Dr Maria Utges,

(42) runs the Child and Youth Mental Health Centre, said

the c1inic

(43) the first time

(44) children who were dependent

(45) their mobile phones. "They

both showed disturbed behaviour and this exhibited

(46) in failure at school. They

both had serious difficulties

(47) normallives,"

she was quoted in Spanish papers as

saying. The children ..........

(48) their phones for 18 months, and their parents had made

(49) effort to restriet their use before noticing

(50) serious their dependence

had become.

37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

A have admitted A for A couldn't A in order to A are learning A whom A there was A treated A on A oneself A leading A own A a little A what

B B B B B B B B B B B B B B

have been admitted to can't in order that learn -

it was had treated of itself to lead have owned little that

23

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

were admitting by don't as to will be learning who there is has treated from themselves lead had owned few how

----.,.

Writing Parts 1-2 Candidate Answer Sheet Set 3 Date:

_

Part 1 1.

11.

2.

12.

3.

13.

4.

14.

5.

15.

6.

16.

7.

17.

8.

18.

9.

19.

10.

20.

Correct answers

L-I_-'------'1

x 0,5=

L-I_-'------'I

Part 2 A

B

A

C

B

A

C

21.

31.

41.

22.

32.

42.

23.

33.

43.

24.

34.

44.

25.

35.

45.

26.

36.

46.

27.

37.

47.

28.

38.

48.

29.

39.

49.

30.

40.

50.

Correct answers

24

,-1_--,--_1

B

x 0,5=

,O

C

,-1_--,--_1

,O

---------------------

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 4 Complete the text below by writing a suitable word from the list in each space provided. There are 20 gaps but 25 words are given. Use each word once only. There is one example (O) for you. Write the correct word in the chart on your separate answer sheet. MEN'S EASY GUIDE TO GIFT SHOPPING Let's face .. it .. (O). Buying gifts for the There is a considerable dang er

(1) you love is not always easy.

(2) getting her something she won't like.

................. (3) are three classic mistakes men often make. Contrary to women, men can be pleased with a practical present from (4) partners. The opposite is simply not the case (5) gift that can be used for housework at all (6) a really bad idea. Vacuum cleaners and frying pans all faU noticed how

(7) the same no-go category. But have you

(8) partner loves to receive kitchen appliances - as long as she

................ (9) get them from you? Strange?

(10), but accept it as a fact oflife.

............... (11) classic mistake is the impersonal department store is a bad idea. Mistake number three: suggest you are

gift. So a gift voucher for a (12) give her gifts that

(13) than satisfied with her appearance. It may be that she

............. (14) love to have the Slim Ladies' Cookbook, but don't buy it! On the contrary, you .............. (15) casuaUy ask her why on earth she wants that. Don't lose heart - there are still lots of possibilities (16) you can remember the two golden rules, it' schild' s play fmding the perfect gift. First of all buy (17) luxurious. It doesn't have

(18) expensive as long as it is the best in its category:

perfume or exclusive accessories. Secondly, buy her a personal gift: something that pleases her alone, bought it personal. another any as doesn't had if into is ií less like mavbe more

(19) lipstick or a work of art that suits her taste. Just the fact that you (20), and didn't get your sister, secretaryor

never of one other should somethíng their there they to be your vourself would

25

mother to buy it, makes it

--------------------

Read the texts below and decide which answer A, B or C best fits each space. Mark the correct answer on the answer sheet. Only one answer is correct. A MICHIGAN

TRUCK DRIVER

A Michigan truck driver who blind, while he

(22). He was guided to a safe stop by

who gave him instructions "1 owe my life Gilmore,

(21) no trouble with his eyes, suddenly went (23) truck driver

(24) radio. (25) that man. He was really calm and nice," said Francis

(26) went blind last week as his car-transport truck speeded along the

road east

(27) El Dorado.

The 40-ton truck,

(28) eight new cars, began to move from side to side so

Mr Gilmore warned the traffic "1 knew

(29) him. (30) a tractor-trailer

behind

.................... (31) my brakes. The other driver kept

me," he recalled.

"1 started

(32): Take it easy, take it easy,

just get calm." As the two trucks speeded along, the other driver continued instructions to Mr Gilmore, who admitted he was help

(33)

(34). Fortunately, thanks to the

(35) to him he managed to park his truck safely. The following day Mr Gilmore went to an eye specialist in

He was

(37) his problem

was probably

(36) El Dorado.

temporary

but the doctor gave

..................... (38) explanation.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38.

A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A

has drives other across for which of had carried behind it has been to be hit to say to give shocked given nearly spoken neither

B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B

has had was drivinz the other over to who off carried besides there was hittinZ saymg had given shocking giving nearby said nor

26

C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C

had had has been drivinz another on the from that from carr~nz next it was havin~hit being said have been ZivinZ to be shocked togive near told no

HEALTHY KIDS Healthy kids should have lots of energy and be desperate to run about, they should not .................

(39) on the sofa. Here are some fun ways

Some parents fmd it

(40) your kids moving.

(41) really help if you set a limit on how long your

children can sit in front of the TV. A couple of hours is a fair amount of time, .....................

(42) on their age. Once screen time is over, you need to switch off the TV so

they

(43) to play with other toys or go outside. If you always drive your kids to school, think about leaving the car at home .

...........

(44) it's not too far, walking with the kids will benefit you both - and save

money too. Parents often assume their kids

(45) be exhausted after a long school day

- forgetting that they' re actually sitting for most of the time

(46) allowing them

to sit in front of the telly, encourage them to get active after school. Don't let your kids rest for too long after meals be! Half an hour to settle stomachs is fme then you again. Families that are active to gether tend to be

(47) tempted they might (48) get your kids moving (49) healthier and c1oser. Try

specifying one day at the weekend to be a family fun day

(50) you all go on a

bike ride or explore a new area. It's cheap too.

39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

A A A A A A A A A A A A

be sticking to get should depends encourage as far as must Rather than how had better either in the meantime

B B B B B B B B B B B B

be stuck get can to depend are encouraging as long as need Instead howmuch would rather both unt il

27

C C C C C C C C C C C C

stuck getting has to depending are encouraged unt il have to Contrary to however need as well as when

ndidate Answer Sheet Set 4 Date: --------

Part 1 1.

11.

2.

12.

3.

13.

4.

14.

5.

15.

6.

16.

7.

17.

8.

18.

9.

19.

10.

20.

Correct answers Part 2 A

B

A

C

B

C

A

21.

31.

41.

22.

32.

42.

23.

33.

43.

24.

34.

44.

25.

35.

45.

26.

36.

46.

27.

37.

47.

28.

38.

48.

29.

39.

49.

30.

40.

50.

Correct answers

28

B

C

,--1_-'-----'1 0,5=1,-_-'-----'1,0 x

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 5 Complete the text below by writing a suitable word from the list in each space provided. There are 20 gaps but 25 words are given. Use each word once only. There is one example (O) for you. Write the correct word in the chart on your separate answer sheet. FAMILY TRADITION A nine- .. year .. (O) old girl has become the first pupil to win a national chess seholarship to a top public school. Katie Hale, of Chigwell Row, Essex started playing chess competitively (1) the age of six. Her talent (2) won her the Nigel Short Chess Seholarship at the Millfield School in Somerset. The seholarship (3) worth half the school's f16 000 fees. Katie comes from a chess-playing family of four children, all of

(4) star in tournaments around the country. Her younger sister, Stephanie, was

just four

(5) she became the youngest person to play in a national chess competition

two years ago. Katie willleave

(6) talented siblings in September to take up the

boarding school place 130 miles away (7) her home. Her mother said: "Katie was delighted (8) have won the place. Katie felt she (9) performed well in the select ion procedure. She loves competing her talent as far

(10) seems absolutely determined to take

(11) she can. She really needs the coaching

(12)

Millfield will provide." The school, (13) provides chess as part of the curriculum, has announced the appointment of (14) first Master in Charge of Chess. Matthew Turner, a grandmaster, ranked 17th in the country, will (15) able to improve Katie's game in individual coaching sessions. Nigel Short, Britain's top chess player, will .................

(16) visit the school this summer to provide

.................

(17) Katie has everything

coaching and master classes.

to look forward to, the family back in Essex

................. (18) not be given the chance to miss her too

"1 won't get the opportunity to miss her. We'll be meeting up at competitions. "

alI also and as at be each from had has her is its

much of that their them to when which while whom will would ~

29

(19). Mrs Hale said:

(20) the chess

Read the texts below and decide which answer A, B or C best fits each space. Mark the correct answer on the answer sheet. Only one answer is correct. FIREMAN WITHOUT

LICENCE

FOR YEARS

A Japanese frrefighter has been sacked after ..........

(21) fire engines and ambulances

(22) more than 20 years without alicence. The man, who worked in Takaoka City, was only discovered

(23) a routine

inspection of licences last week. Aceording to his bosses, he appeared reluctant his licence, but when he

(25) the inspector realised the man

licence. The driver tried

(27) the photograph with his fingers,

The man told his superiors he had attended driving school written exam. He has now been dismissed and apologised

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

A A A A A A A A A A

(24)

(26) his father's

(28) failed the

(29) by police, and his bosses have

(30) local people. At least, they say, he didn't cause anyaccidents.

drove smce while produce did was used hiding so is being questioned for

B B B B B B B B B B

driving unt il during produced would was us ing hide because is questioning to

C C C C C C C C C C

was driving for meanwhile to produce has has used to hide but has questioned by

US TE EN SAILOR TAKES ON THE WORLD A 16-year-old from Los Angeles is hop ing ro und the world solo. Zac Sunderland sets historic year-long journey

(31) the youngest person to sail (32) on Saturday and will make the

(33) a boat bought with his own savings. "The boat

.......... (34) Intrepid," Zac Sunderland

me (35), as we step aboard. A more fitting

name might be "Unfinished", 1 think to myself. Several people are working on deck, drilling, fastening, making adjustments. Down below, the mess resembles from typical. He cannot

(36) a typical teenager's bedroom. However, Zac is far (37) drive legally, but he plans

around the world. Solo.

30

l

(38) this 36-foot boat

And to return

(39) the youngest person ever to do so, he needs

(40)

back by January 2010. The current record belongs to Australian David Dicks, who fmished his voyage in 1996,

A A A A A A A A A A A

31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.

(41) 18 years and 41 days.

to become away by has called telIs to yet sailing as getting aging

becoming off

B B B B B B B B B B B

C C C C C C C

m

called says for so far to have sailed like to get age

C C C

C

will become on with is called talks -

alreaqy to sail such get aged

"PICK YOUR OWN" STRA WBERRIES A fruit farm has stopped customers were eating

..... . . ... (42) "pick your own" strawberries

(43) of the fruit without paying.

Mark Spight, who runs the farm, said he paying for the strawberries. One family picked them. Mr Spight said he

(44) at the number of people not (45) dipping the berries in cream as they

(46) angry watching people gorging themselves, then

only taking a handful of fruit worth of strawberries and

because

(47) for. He said some people were eating up to fIS (48) come to the checkout covered in juice. There had also

been an increasing problem with unruly behaviour leading to plants

(49) and fruit

damaged. This year the farm does not have

(50) strawberry plants to be picked but sells

the fruit in the farm shop.

42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

A A A A A A A A A

to do too much was annoying has caught used to get pay would trampling some

B B B B B B B B B

doing too many annoyed were caught Kot used to _getting to be paid will being trampled no

31

C C

C C C C

C C C

to be doin.K lot was annoyed caught was used to get paying may are trampled al!Y.

r--'

Writing Parts 1-2 Candidate Answer Sh eet Set 5 Date:

Part 1 1.

11.

2.

12.

3.

13.

4.

14.

5.

15.

6.

16.

7.

17.

8.

18.

9.

19.

10.

20.

Correct answer Part 2 A

B

A

C

B

A

C

21.

31.

41.

22.

32.

42.

23.

33.

43.

24.

34.

44.

25.

35.

45.

26.

36.

46.

27.

37.

47.

28.

38.

48.

29.

39.

49.

30.

40.

50.

Correct answer

32

s

,--------1,--------,1

B

x 0,5=

C

,--------,1-----,1 '

D

Writing Part 3

Gyakorlati tanácsok Ebben a feladatban az önálló szövegalkotási készséget mérjük. A vizsgán két feladat közül választhat. A levelek a témalistához kapcsolódnak, és a vizsgán az alábbi típu sok fordulhatnak elő: baráti/magán-, félhivatalos-, hivatalos levél, olvasói levél, stb. Minden feladatnál megtudja, hogy ki az olvasó, akinek a szöveget szánja; mi a célja a szövegalkotásnak; valamint van négy szempont, ami a létrehozandó szöveg tartaimát irányítja, ezeket kell a szövegben kifejtenie. Erre példa a 35. oldalon a Set O, melyhez mintamegoldás a 77-78. oldalon található. A további öt feladatot használja gyakorlásra. Hogyan dolgozzon? • • • •

• •

•

Legelőször gondolja végig, melyik téma és szövegtípus áll Önhöz közelebb, s ennek alapján válassza ki a feladatot. Tervezze meg a szöveg tartaimát és logikáját: készítsen vázlatot. Gondolja végig a választott szövegtípusra jellemző formai követelményeket és annak megfelelően, a vázlat alapján kezdjen hozzá az íráshoz. Gondolatait tagolja, ügyeljen az egyes szövegegységeken belüli és azok közötti logikai összefiiggések megteremtésére, ehhez használjon változatos nyelvi eszközöket. A szöveg ne önálló mondatok halmaza legyen. Használjon a célnak megfelelő, választékos szókincset és nyelvtani struktúrákat. Ha elkészült, olvassa át még egyszer aszöveget és ellenőrizze, hogy minden egyes tartalmi pontot kifejtett-e, gördülékeny, jól olvasható, érthető szöveget hozott-e létre. Javítsa ki a nyelvi hibákat is. Legalább egy levélnél használja a vizsgán szokásos mintaválaszlapot, amit a 38-39. oldalon talál.

Erre a feladatra körülbelül 40-50 percet szánjon.

Értékelés: Kommunikatív érték: a tartalmi szempontok megfelelő mélységű kidolgozása, a szöveg tartalmi felépítése és gondolatfűzése, szöveghossz (a releváns információ fiiggvényében meghaladhatja a 17 - 20 sort; a címzések, dátum, aláírás természetesen nem számítanak bele). Maximális pont: 5 x 2 pont = 10 pont Kifejezőkészség: a szöveg céljának megfelelő hangvétel, változatos szókincs; megfelelő formai jegyek. Maximális pont: 5 x 2 pont = 10 pont

és gazdag

Nyelvhelyesség: a szinten elvárható nyelvtani szerkezetek biztos, pontos és változatos használata; jó helyesírás és központozás. Maximális pont: 5 x 2 pont = 10 pont Általános benyomás: eléri-e a szöveg a célját az olvasónál, milyen benyomást kelt benne. Maximális pont: 5 x 1 pont = 5 pont Maximálisan elérhető pontszám 35. 34

Writing Part 3 Set O Choose one of the two topics and write 170-180 words (17-20 lines) about it in English. Write a few sentences about each of the four points given and connect one idea to the next. Use the English letter forrnat (address, date, greeting, signatu re).

Topic 1. You met a famous person not long ago. Write a letter to your English friend and tell about •

where you met, how you got acquainted,

•

what he/she is famous for,

•

his/her appearance and character,

•

why meeting him/her was really memorable for you.

Topic II. You have been working as an au-pair in London for two months. You want to change families. Write to the Au-pair Agency and tell them •

about the present family and your tasks,

•

about an event when you had problems,

•

why you couldn't get on with a particular member ofthe family,

•

what you expect of the new family and place.

35

riting Part 3 Sets 1-5

Topic 1

You worked in the summer for a month. Write and tell your English friend about •

why you decided to have a summer job,

•

your workmates, atmosphere,

•

your working hours, salary,

•

apleasant / unpleasant experience of yours.

Topic 2

Encouraged

by

an

advertisement, you ordered some English BESTSELLERS BOOKSHOPS in the U. K.

books

from

BESTSELLERS BOOKSHOPS (18-20 Oxford Street, London CW7 UK)

Book orders: 3 to 6 weeks from UK, USA, France

However, you were disappointed when you got the parcel. Write a letter of complaint. Write about: •

the reasons why you ordered the books from them by post,

•

the items you ordered / the items you got.

•

Complain about the confusion of titles and the delay.

•

Name the form of compensation you expect.

36

Topic 3

You would like to invite your forrner English colleague to your company's New Year's Eve party. Write and tell him/her • when and where the event will take place, • Recall

in what way it's going to be special.

• Point out

memories of previous parties you both attended.

•

why you insist on his/her coming.

Topic 4

You are the Coordinator of the Student Welfare Centre at your university. Write a welcoming letter to the new students. (Start with 'Dear Students'). Give details about the services the Centre offers: • lodgings (comfort, accessibility), • health care and recreation, • social events organised for students. Mention • when and how they can contact you.

Topic 5

During your last bicycle trip you fell and broke your leg. You were taken to hospital. In your letter to your friend tell him/her: • how the accident happened, •

what treatment the hospital provided,

•

your opinion about the hospital service/staff,

•

how your condition will influence your summer plans.

37

riting Part 3 Candidate Answer Shee Date:

------------------

38

Communicative

value

x2=

Expressiveness

x2=

Accuracy

x2=

Overall impression

xl=

39

Reading Part 1

Gyakorlati tanácsok A vizsgázónak egy kb. 300-500 szavas szöveget kell elolvasnia, melyből hiányzik öt mondat. A szöveg után megadott hat mondatból kell az öt megfelelőt visszahelyezni a tartalom és a nyelvi szerkezetek figyelembevételével.

Hogyan dolgozzon?

•

Először olvassa el a szöveget, hogy megismerje annak tartalmát.

•

Olvassa el a megadott mondatokat is.

•

Térjen vissza a szöveghez, és a tartalmi összefüggések, utalások segítségével válassza ki a hat mondat közül a megfelelőket. Ellenőrizze, hogy a kiválasztott mondat tartalmilag és nyelvileg illik-e a szövegkörnyezetbe: szerves folytatása-e az előző mondatnak, illetve kapcsolódik-e hozzá az őt követő szövegrész.

•

Ha elkészült, még egyszer olvassa át a teljes szöveget.

•

Végül megoldásait (a mondatok betűjelét) írja át a válaszlapra.

Erre a feladatra körülbelül 20 percet szánjon.

Értékelés: Valamennyi helyes megoldás 2-2 pont ér. Maximálisan elérhető pontszám 10.

42

Reading Part 1 Set 1 Write the letter of the most suitable sentence (A-F) in the text below. There is one extra sentence, which you do not need. Write the letter of your answers on the separate answer sheet. MY SCOTLAND - LOST AND FOUND 'Andrew', my mother whispered, 'Andrew, wake up - we are going to America.' 1 was in a dream. The typical dream for a Scottish lad of eleven years - visions of football, sweets, that new Hibs strip. Slowly my dream faded, and 1 woke up ..... (1) .... It was a cold August moming, like any other, yet different. Today, 1 was not going to get dressed and walk up to the schoollollipop man with my sister. Today, 1 would not shout up to my friends' windows and ask them if they could play football. Today, we were leaving . .... (2) .... Somehow, we had managed to pack everything we owned into thirteen immensely heavy suitcases. How we made it to America, 1 shall never know. My sister and 1 started school. We were like objects on display to the Americans ..... (3) .... If! was not being asked to say different words and phrases over and over, 1 was being ridiculed and told to 'go back to where 1 carne from.' 1 did make friends, but to this day, 1 cannot figure out if they were genuine friends, or just enthralled at listening to my accent. .... (4) .... We ate hamburgers and frequented McDonalds as much as we frequented church. We sang all the American patriotic songs. We covered every major American tourist attraction. Over our years in America, my parents treated us to an unforgettable series of journeys, holidays, weekends, and surprise visits that covered virtually every inch of America. It was an enchanting Dream, almost as good as some of my Scottish ones, where my dad and 1 would play for Hibs and win the Scottish Cup ..... (5) .... On that day in a small South Texas movie theatre, 1 saw the story of William Wallace unfold for the frrst time. My tears fell freely as 1 realized that it had all actually happened. Men like this did really die for my freedom. These bloody battles really were fought in my home country. This really was Scotland hundreds of years ago. 1 watched, understood, and intemalized the story of Wallace and his fight for Scotland's freedom. 1 awoke from the American Dream, and realized suddenly who 1 was and where 1 was from. 1 was a Scot. A) We drove under the largest tree in the world, a California Redwood. B) Leaving this whole country behind, and I did not realize just how much my life was

about to ch ange. C) During this time, and through my elementary school years, we were living the American Dream. D) But like ali dreams, it had to end, and on May 23rd, 1995, my American Dream did end. E) /t was the last Scottish dream I had for years. F) 'Say book, Andrew! Say it againfor

my friend!'

Correct answers

43

D

X2

IT]

Reading Part 1 Set 2 Write the letter of the most suitable sentence (A-F) in the text below. There is one extra sentence, which you do not need. Write the letter ofyour answers on the separate answer sheet. KIDS LINKED TO MARS Two Hungarian teenagers have been selected from over 10,000 entrants worldwide to participate in work with NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) in an upcoming Mars miss ion, scheduled for 2003. Zsófia Bodó from Budapest and Bernadette Gaál from Hódmezővásárhely, near Szeged took part in the Red Rover Goes to Mars Training Mission organized by the Planetary Society. ...... (1) They now have the opportunity to take part in a mission 35 million miles away from home. "1 subscribe to a newsietter that (in connection with the Planetary Society) is published by the Hungarian Astronautical Society, and inc1udes the latest science and space results and discoveries (2) . When I found out I had won I was just screaming - I was so excited and Istill really am!" said a thrilled Bodó. "1 want to study science and have always wanted to go to the United States.

Our "

parents will not go with us. (3) " she admitted. The young scientist team, consisting of nine students from Po land, India, the US, Taiwan and Hungary, will use image data from the MGS orbiting the red planet and then help choose a possible landing site for future missions. In 2001 the two Hungarians will begin a space odyssey of their own and travel to California to take pictures of the red planet's surface, a trip for which the Hungarian girls can hardly wait. "1 have never be en to the US before. . (4) I have always dreamt of something like this. It is my secret desire to one day become an astronaut. The second Hungarian in space and the first Hungarian woman." said Bodó. "The se students will actually program a camera on a spacecraft orbiting around Mars to take pictures of the surface. . (5) " Linda Kelly from the Planetary Society said.

A) For this reason too it will be a real adventure. B) 1 will be in California for one week and help find aplacefor

a future mission to land.

C) The Mars Polar lander is scheduled to be put into orbit in 3 years' time.

D) The two girls came through a field of 80 semi-finalists from 44 nations. E) There was a test for students and you had to work on a program to use the Mars

Rover and a robotic arm. F) This is thefirst

time members of the public will command a spacecraft instrument on a planetary mission.

Correct answers

44

D

X2

rr

Reading Part 1 Set 3 Write the letter of the most suitable sentence (A-F) in the text below. There is one extra sen ten ce, which you do not need. Write the letter ofyour answers on the separate answer sheet. COUPLES FREE TO MARRY AT HOME The govemment gave the go ahead yesterday for marriage ceremonies at home or in open air locations such as beaches. Like Pamela Anderson, brides could wear a bikini on their big day. ..... ..(1) This change will allow local authority officials to conduct weddings at any hour and in any place that provides safe access to the public. Under current law, ceremonies must be held before 6 pm inside churches, registry offices or buildings with a special marriage licence (2) The deadline was introduced before electric light for fear people might marry the wrong partner in the dark. The system is expected to be introduced in 2004 and will include changes in the registration of births and deaths to allow parents and relatives to provide information online or by telephone (3) .

Len Cook, the registrar general, said the reforms would increase choice and convenience for people registering births, marriages and deaths, while saving 3040% of central and local govemment costs . But the new rules will restriet public access to information that has been available for centuries on birth, marriage and death certificates. . (4) . The report proposes licensing about 15,000 local authority registration officers as "celebrants" with powers to conduct marriages in any safe location with public access. Mr Cook said the propo sal was likely to exclude ceremonies underwater with scuba diving equipment or in mid-air with parachutes (5) . A standard wedding in a registry office would still cost BO each for the coup1e to register their intention to marry and B6 for the ceremony.

A) So there will not be any need to visit a registry office. B) But couples could marry at their home

if they

let the public in for the ceremony.

C) Most of it is privately owned but you could request permission to be married from the Property manager. D) When these are replaced by a central electronic register, most personal particulars will

become confidential. E) A report on the reform of civil marriages in England and Wales promised a ch ange in

the law. F) Flexibility on tim ing of weddings would be popular with couples marrying close to the deadline because they wan ted the reception to take the form of an evening dance.

Correct answers

45

D

x2

[IJ

Reading Part 1 Set 4 Write the letter of the most suitable sentence (A-F) in the text below. There is one extra sentence, which you do not need. Write the letter ofyour answers on the separate answer sheet. SCHOOL'S

OUT FOR JUNK VENDING

Vending machines selling fizzy drinks, chocolates and crisps are to be banned from the country's state schools under laws to improve children's diets. ... (1) ... Snack and drink manufacturers had hoped that vending machines would escape the crackdown. But the school meals review panel, set up by Ruth Kelly, the education secretary, to examine nutritional standards, has decided that "healthy eating" rules must apply to all food and drink available at school. The panel says that the move will require legislation. "Unless you stop selling the highly branded sugary snacks and drinks," one panel member said, "they will always be chosen by children .... (2) ... The way companies have profited from these machines at the expense of children's health has been disgraceful. " The propo sal is likely to be opposed by manufacturers, with critics arguing that children unable to buy fizzy drinks and sweet snacks at school will buy them from local shops .... (3) ... A study published by

the Food Standards Agency in 2004 found that schools offering vending machines selling nutritious drinks were popular with children and could make a profit. ... (4)... All vending machines selling fizzy drinks and. sweet snacks have been removed from the country's schools and replaced with water fountains. Kelly's shake-up of the nutritional standards of school meals to be announced at the Labour party conference this week - will also propose that highly processed foods, inc1uding fatty reformed meats such as turkey shapes, should be banned. Chips and ice cream will be rationed to one or two servings a week. From September 2006 head teachers will be required to monitor the amount of carbohydrates, fat, protein and nutrients in school dinners. The poor quality of children's school meals was recently put under the spotlight by Jamie Oliver, the ce1ebrity chef, in a Channel 4 series, Jamie's School Dinners. ... (5) ...

A) France has already introduced a simi/ar ban. B) He revealed that as little as 37p was being spent on ingredients.

C) Nobody is interested in what children would like to eat and drink.

if you 're going to be serious about reforming the school meals service. E) Supporters of the policy say that schools will not lose a lot from the change.

D) You have to remove them

F) Junk food and sweets currently sold in the machines will have to be replaced by fruit, milk and bottled water.

Correct answers

46

D

x2

LD

Reading Part 1 Set 5 Write the letter of the most suitable sentence (A-F) in the text below. There is one extra sen ten ce, which you do not need. Write the letter ofyour answers on the separate answer sheet. A SURVEY OF QUALITY OF LIFE

London has become a worse place to live in the past 12 months because of transport congestion, overcrowding, rising crime, high prices and stress. ....(1) .... The study ranks 215 cities based on 10 criteria rang ing across political, econormc and social environment, health care, education, recreation and transport. ....(2) .... Bottom of the list are two cities in the Demoeratic Republic of Congo, which has been devastated by civil war. Ten EU capital cities inc1uding Paris, Berlin, Brussels rank higher than London, as do Los Angeles and San Francisco. Switzerland and Germany each have three cities near the top of the list. Quality oflife is generally higher in smaller cities with efficient transport systems. The 1arger urban areas have generally struggled to maintain the same degree of efficiency despite their extensive metro, rail and bus

networks .....(3) .... Among the top-ranking cities differences in quality of life can barely be seen. All score highly on the basic comforts of life, with crime levels and pollution having a moderate effect on the scores. There is better news for Londoners when it comes to recreation. ....(4) .... London lies ninth in the world on this measure. New York, Los Angeles and Sydney are the top three. When measured on transport alone, however, London plummets to 55th, behind Hong Kong as well as nine other EU cities. Ken Livingstone, London's mayor, said: "The fmdings of the survey are disappointing but perhaps not surprising. My fIrst budget is primarily concerned with reducing the rate of crime in our capital. ....(5) .... 1 have also produced a transport strategy which will improve the infra structure that has been neglected over the last decade."

A) Peak time congestion in particular has tended to lower their scores. B) It will bring an additionall,050

police officers on to the street.

C) The capital has a wider choice of restaurants, theatres and cinemas than any other city in Europe. D) A survey published recently shows the capital ranks 40th in the world when assessed for

quality of life, compared with 34th last year. E) The idea that councils create equal opportunities is nonsense. F) Vancouver camefirstfollowed

by Zurich, Vienna, Copenhagen and Sydney.

Correct answers

47

D

X2

[TI

Readiu2 Part 2

Gyakorlati tanácsok Ebben a feladatban egy szöveget kell elolvasni, majd a kérdések segítségével a szöveg információelemeit megtalálni. A kérdések száma 10. A kérdések a szöveg tartalmi sorrendjét követik, azonban ha a cikkíró egy gondolatot több helyen is kifejt, ezeket egy kérdés köré csoportosítjuk.

Hogyan dolgozzon?

•

Először olvassa el a szöveget, hogy megismerje annak tart almát. (A cím értelmezése is segítséget nyújthat.)

•

Olvassa végig a kérdéseket is.

•

Térjen vissza a szöveghez, és az ismételt olvasás során kérdésről kérdésre haladva . keresse meg a választ tartalmazó információt.

•

Ha megtalálta az információt, a kérdés újbóli elolvasása után eldöntheti, milyen hosszan válaszoljon.

•

Ne feledje, hogy válaszát röviden és tömören kell megfogalmaznia. Nyugodtan hagyja el a válaszhoz szorosan nem tartozó elemeket.

•

Válaszát igazítsa a kérdőszó hoz.

•

Eldöntendő kérdéseknél csak YES/NO válasz szükséges.

•

Rövid válaszait vezesse át a kidolgozási lapra.

Erre a feladatra körülbelül 40 percet szánjon.

Értékelés: Mindenjó megoldás 2 pontot ér. Maximálisan elérhető pontszám 20.

51

Reading Part 2 Set 1 PREHISTORIC CAT LOVERS Our love affair with felines may date to the first farmers

rather than eat them. The farmers probably carne to Cyprus from Turkey and Syria seeking fresh land. They built round houses of mud, buried their dead beneath the floor, herded sheep and goats, and planted grains, alI practic es imported from the Continent. They also brought cats, which aren't native to the island. The measurements of the skeleton found at the village suggest a type of African wildcat known as a Felis silvestris lybica. It may have looked like a tabby, with a striped brownish or sandy-yellow coat and a ringed tail. Its face and teeth were bigger than those of the modem domestic cat, Felis catus, and its limbs were longer. The skeleton belonged to an eight-month-old, probably a tom, so it may have been killed intentionally, to be buried along with its owner. The cat was c1early important, as was its owner: the grave contained polished stone axes, ocher and flint tools - an abundance of objects unmatched by any other grave of that time in Cyprus. "The rich offerings suggest a special social status and, consequently, special relationships with the animals, " says the study's co-author, Jean-Denis Vigne, research director at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. It's impossible to tell much more about catpeople relationships in Neolithic times, but it's hard to imagine that it didn't involve a whole lot ofpetting.

Among the many accomplishments of ancient Egypt, the domestication of cats surely ranks as one of the most important at least to cat lovers. These slinky little predators carne in handy for controlling the mi ce and rats that ravaged grain stores, but they also stole Egyptian hearts. Often, when a beloved cat died, it was mummified and interred on temple grounds. Grief-stricken owners shaved off their eyebrows and left small bowls of milk and toys at the grave so the cat could drink and play in the other world. To this day, the cats of Cairo are many and adored. New archeological findings now suggest that the Egyptians weren't the original cat tamers after alI. For at least 4,000 years before Egyptians built temples along the Nile, primitive agricultural tribes had made felines not only pets but also, possibly, objects of reverence. In last week's Science, researchers described a complete cat skeleton found near the grave of a human in a Neolithic village on the island of Cyprus. About 9,500 years old, the skeleton, they say, shows all the signs of having had a burial with some religious significance: the animaI had been placed in its own small pit, intact, with no sign of having been mauled by a predator - or butchered. A statue of a cat similar to stone and c1ay figurines found at sites in Syria, Turkey and Israel also tumed up in the village. It's unc1ear what prompted these Neolithic farmers to domesticate cats

52

After reading the text on the opposite page answer the following questions in English. Only include information from the text. Give short answers, write full sentences only if necessary. 1. Aceording to the article what was one of the most significant achievements in ancient Egypt in connection with animals? 2. What was the practical reason for keeping cats in ancient Egypt? 3. Besides burial rituals what show ed that cat lovers mourned their cats in ancient Egypt. 4. When did the cat whose bones have been found lately die? 5. Was the cat buried in a separate grave? (Write only YESINO.) 6. Name one country, besides Cyprus, where statues of cats were found. 7. Why did the ancient farmers move to Cyprus? 8. In what way was the ancient cat different from the modem one? (a, b)

f

9. How old was the cat at the time ofits death? 10. How many people contributed to the article in Science magazine?

Answers in English 1.

1P

2.

1P

3.

1P

4.

1P

5.

1P

6.

1P

7.

1P

8. a)

lb)

1P

9.

1P

10.

1P

Correct answers

53

LD ,O

x2

LD

Reading Part 2 Set 2 BENDY BUS VERSUS DOUBLE-DECKER

The National Federation of Bus Users welcomed the move to bendy buses, saying they were safer and more accessible than double-deckers. Caro line Cahm, its chairman, said: "The driver can see the whole length of the bus rather than relying on a restricted view of the upper deck through mirrors. This makes the buses less vulnerable to vandalism and also he1ps passengers feel safer. The tourist industry might not like it because without doubledeckers London could look much like anywhere else. But people will have to overcome their attachment to the doubledecker and accept that the bendy bus is the future." Built by Mercedes- Benz, the bendy buses are part of the Mayor of London's strategy to expand public transport before introducing a ES daily toll on motor vehic1es in Central London from February. The Mayor of London has promised to provide room on buses for an extra 11,000 passengers in the moming peak hour to cope with the number of car drivers switching to public transport each day. A survey of passengers on the two bendy bus routes from Waterloo to Victoria and to London Bridge, has found that they are more popular than the doubledeckers. They scored a higher satisfaction rating in every category, inc1uding accessibility, comfort and smoothness of the ride. Mr. Hendy rejected suggestions that the bendy buses could not get round tight comers. "We have found that articulated buses are as manoeuvrable as regular fullsized buses, " he said. Suzanne May, chairman of the London Transport Users Committee, said: "Bendy buses are a common sight in many cities around the world and their introduction to London is as overdue as it is welcome. "

The red double-decker, one ofLondon's best-known icons, is to disappear from much of the capital, to be replaced by continental-style single-deck "bendy" buses. More than half of London's bus routes use ro ads suitable for the 18m(59ft) articulated buses, aceording to Transport for London. They can carry 140 people, 60 more than double-deckers - although most passengers must stand. Joumeys are quicker because passengers enter through three doors simultaneously, avoiding the long queues caused by the single door on doubledeckers. A fifth of joumey time on double-deckers is spent standing at bus stops waiting for people to board and buy tickets. Transport for London hopes to reduce waiting time to a few seconds at each stop by forcing passengers to buy a ticket before they travel. A cashless system already operates on the two existing bendy bus routes from Waterloo, eliminating the fumble for change to pay the driver. Tickets are sold at machines beside bus stops and inspectors carry out spot checks on board. Transport for London will launeh 70 bendy buses on two more routes in 2003. Bus No 436 from Lewisham to Marylebone will replace 'hop-on, hop-off Routemasters and bus No 453 from Deptford to Marylebone will replace modem double-deckers. Peter Hendy, head of buses at Transport for London, said: "Increasing use of articulated buses is likely to be necessary simply because of increasing passenger volumes. They could be used on 50 to 60 per cent of bus routes. 1 would expect to see hundreds of articulated buses in the future."

54

After reading the text on the opposite page answer the following questions in English. Only include information from the text. Give short answers, write full sentences only if necessary. 1. What major change was planned to take place in London's public transport aceording to the article? 2. How many of the bus routes in 2002 were not good for the new buses? 3. What makes boarding faster on the single-deck vehicles? Ca,b) 4. How many lines used articulated buses in September 2002? 5. What was the main reason for using the new bus type - aceording to Transport for London? 6. What can be the advantages ofbendy buses for passengers when they are already on board? Ca, b) 7. Which field of the service industry seemed to be against the continental-style buses? 8. Give the other terminal of the bendy bus line starting from London Bridge. 9. Aceording to Peter Hendy which feature helps bendy buses to take tight comers? 10. Name the organizations - besides Transport for London - that welcomed the articulated buses. Ca, b) Answers in English 1.

1P

2.

1P

3.

a)

1P

lb)

4.

1P

5.

1P

6.

a)

1P

lb)

7.

1P

8.

1P

9.

1P

10. a)

1P

lb) Correct answers

55

[lJ ,O

x2

[lJ

Reading Part 2 Set 3 WHY THE COD ARE VANISHING?

For the past decade the North Sea cod fishery has been shrinking - and everybody knew, or should have known, that a disaster was coming. Fishermen knew it was getting harder and harder to find cod; most years they haven't even been able to catch their govemment-set quotas. Scientists wamed repeatedly that the cod population was dec1ining steadily, because most cod were being caught and eaten before they could reproduce. And fish eaters knew that cod, once the hamburger of the sea, had become almost a de1icacy: in Britain an order of fish and chips now goes for as much as f4. Everybody knew, or should have known, that drastic measures were called for. Very late and a bit tentatively, some one has finalIy done something drastic. In December 2000 the European Union and Norway, which jointly manage the North Sea, announced a 40 percent cut in the catch quota for cod, along with similar cuts for other endangered fish. The process of fisheries management begins with science and ends with politics. Each year a committee of scientists from the nations that ring the North Sea meet in Copenhagen to assess the status of each fish stock. The scientists deli ver advice on how many fish should be caught in the folIowing year - the Total Allowable Catch. The EU's ultimate decisions, though - which then have to be negotiated with nonmember Norway are made by fisheries ministers from the member states. Inevitably - though, listening to fishermen lately, you might not guess it those politicians tend to put the short-term interests of their own fishing industry above the long-term demands of maintaining stocks. The ultimate decisions are taken on political grounds to keep the industry alive. But science, too, contributes to the problem - because even very good scientists aren't very good at counting the fish in the sea. The general state of North Sea cod has been c1ear enough. "Essentially, it's been a downward trend for nearly 30 years", says Robin Cook of the Fisheries Research Service

Marine Laboratory in Aberdeen, Scotland. But in any given year the data are not precise enough to command action. As it happens, the scientific data for the North Sea have been especially unreliable in recent years. Scientists have two ways of counting fish. They do their own research surveys, retuming each year to the same points to trawl with the same gear and see how many fish they get. But they also rely heavily on the much dodgier catch data supplied by commercial vessels. Basically they try to gauge the size of the stock from how hard fishermen are finding it to catch fish. If there are fewer fish in the sea, the assumption is, fishermen will need more time to catch agiven amount. That assumption proved badly wrong in Newfoundland, and last year it proved badly wrong in the North Sea, too. The problem is "technology creep": fishermen are always getting better at catching fish, by equipping their boats with better sonars or nets. The scientific advice out of Copenhagen last November was, essentially, to close the whole North Sea to cod fishing. It may happen yet, unless European govemments can attack the root of the problem: too many boats chasing too few fish. The current crisis seems to have induced a mood of resolution in Brussels. But in Peterhead, Scotland, the largest whitefish port in Europe, the mood last week was grim. Along the once prosperous fish docks, men descended from generations of fishers talked of not taking their sons to sea, for fear they would get hooked on a career without a future. Peterhead is building a new fish market on the dockside, a sign of hope for the future - but in the old market the halls are half empty. "We all want to conserve the fish, but they're putting us out of business", said a Peterhead fisherman. The sad thing is, that's exactly what needs to happen if the N orth Sea cod fishery is to survive at all. Everybody knows that now, or should.

56

After reading the text on the opposite page answer the following questions in English. Only include information from the text. Give short answers, write full sentences only if necessary. 1. Give two groups of people who have recently reali sed that there are problems with fishing cod. (a, b) 2. What has happened to the market price of cod in the past few years? 3. Compared to 2000, what percentage of endangered fish may be caught in 2001? 4. What aspect do scientists and politicians take into consideration when making decisions about fishing quotas? a) scientists: b) politicians: 5. When did the general state ofNorth Sea cod start changing for the worse? 6. What sources do scientists have in order to determine the number of fish? (a, b) 7. Are scientists right about the relation between the number of fish and the time needed to catch them? (Write only YESINO.) 8. Besides nets what equipment could be improved to increase the efficiency of fishing? 9. What is the core ofthe problem in fish ing cod? 10. What do fishermen think about their sons choosing the same job?

Answers in English

1. a)

1P

lb)

2.

1P

3.

1P

4.

lb) politicians:

a) scientists:

1p 1p

5. 6.

a)

1P

lb)

7.

1P

8.

1P

9.

1p

10.

1P Correct answers

57

CD ,O

x2

CD

Reading Part 2 Set 4 REPAIRWORK

In 1996 Alan Watson Featherstone had an idea which made people smile at its simplistic audacity: regenerate the Caledonian forests of the Scottish Highlands, which had been denuded over the centuries of 99% of their trees. Since then, 1,000 volunteers in the organisation he founded, Trees for life, have planted 500,000 Scots pines and native broadleaf trees, built fences to protect 150,000 naturally regenerated native trees from grazing deer, and won prizes for their efforts. Now Featherstone has another idea: restore the Earth. Ideally, he says, every country would launeh projects to repair the damage suffered over the decades by forests, lakes, oceans, marshes, urban and rurallandscapes. He wants the UN to declare this "the Century of Restoring the Earth", inviting member states to earmark funds; employ rest oration workers, and order armies to plant trees and help clean up the mess. But Featherstone is not waiting for the UN. He and fellow members of the Findhorn community in Scotland, where he lives, will unilaterally declare the century of restoring the Earth on April 5 - the last day of an international conference which will launeh a global for est restoration information service. About 150 activists and NGO* staff plan to use the conference to set up a network to link existing projects and make skills and expenence available for new ones. A restoration service will encourage volunteers to become involved. New projects will be launched in places which have suffered the worst degradation, such as Madagascar, Haiti and the Sahel region of Africa. Decades ago, while working among displaced peasants in Latin America, Featherstone became a passionate opponent of

* NGO:

conventional development and advocated direct remedial action. His new project has been endorsed by UNESCO and the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and he hop es to get it on the agenda of the environment summit due to take place in Johannesburg next September. Featherstone admits that his concerns have less priority for govemments since the Rio Earth Summit nine years ago. "People feel the worst predictions have come true," he says. "Als o the corporate stranglehold over governments has tightened. So, while waiting for governments and the UN to act, we've got to get moving. Action and results will eventually be the most persuasive argument." He is encouraged by success stories like the tropical dry evergreen forest established by the Auroville community in India, the subtropical rainforest in northern New South Wales in Australia and the reforestation in Costa Rica and Vietnam. The first application of Featherstone's project - the database of for est restoration - is due to be aired at UNEP's World Conservation Monitoring Centre in Cambridge, and later expanded to include wetlands, mountain regions and oceans. Longer-term plans include a global resource base so that anyone can look up their own country's needs, and opportunities for voluntary action. To Wlll high-profile UN support, Featherstone's project ne eds government sponsorship. Approaches have been made to Sweden and Britain with no success. Featherstone is undeterred and is now arguing his case at international meetings. Setbacks have only strengthened his conviction that fundamental change comes from the botlom up.

non-governmental organization

58

After reading the text on the opposite page answer the following questions in English. Only include information from the text. Give short answers, write full sentences only if necessary. 1. What percentage of the original Caledonian forests has remained? 2. What is the name of the organisation Featherstone started ? 3. What endangers the new1y regenerated trees in Scotland? 4. Aceording to Featherstone shou1d the UN countries employ the military in forest restoration? (Write only YES/NO.) 5. Besides starting a forest restoration information service mention another aim of the April conference. 6. Name a, one country with the biggest tree loss b, one country where the restoration work has had positive results. 7. Where will the next environment meeting be held? 8. Aceording to Featherstone what will surely convince people ofthe importance of restoration work? (a, b) 9. How many countries denied fmancial support? 10. How does Featherstone react to rejection?

Answers in English 1.

1P

2.

1P

3.

1P

4.

1P

5.

1P

6.

a)

1P

lb)

7. 8.

1P a)

1P

lb)

9.

1P

10.

1P Correct answers

59

rn,O rn x2

Reading Part 2 SET 5 CATCHING THE WINn

The natives of Lewis know wind sometimes too weIL Every winter the Atlantic gales come blasting across the northern tip of Scotland's Outer Hebrides. The wind hardly slows down even after striking land; in the island's marshy interior, gusts regularly exceed 160kph. Everyone keeps indoors but the sheep. Tourists arrive in summer, lured by mild temperatures and unspoiled countryside; even so, there's rarely a calm day. "The weather here is changeable", says Nigel Scott, spokesman for the local govemment. "But the wind is constant." The brutal elimate could fmally be Lewis's salvation. The place has been growing poorer and more desolate for generations, as young people seek sunnier prospects elsewhere. But now the energy industry has discovered the storm-swept island. The multinationals AMEC and British Energy are talking about plans to erect some 300 outsize wind turbines across a few thousand hectares of moorland and peat bog. If the 500-million project goes through, the array will be Europe' s largest wind farm, capable of churning out roughly 1 percent of Britain's total electrical needs - and generating some badly needed jobs and cash for the people of Lewis. It sounds like the answer to a lot of prayers - and not only on Lewis. Enthusiasts around the world call wind a perfect alternative to fossil fuels and nuclear power: safe, inexhaustible and free. For the last seven years the world market for wind turbines has grown by an average of 40 percent annually. Last year alone, generating capacity worldwide jumped by aIrnost a third. Turbine makers are now

mass-producing giant machines. Today one standard- issue turbine can produce at least 1 megawatt of power, more than double the typical model's output of 20 years ago and enough to provide electricity for as many as 800 modem households. And the new turbines are not just bigger; they are smarter. Best of aH for people who live nearby, improved design has cut noise to a relative whisper on the latest models. Still, some nature lovers hate wind power. Turbines seem to hold a fatal attraction for birds, and the best sites for wind farms are often previously unspoiled hilltops. "We don't think aesthetics are an ecological criterion", says Sven Tiske of Greenpeace. "If we opposed a nuclear power station just because it didn't look good, everyone would laugh.". Not everyone. Ask Robert Woodward, a British art historian who campaigns against the spread of wind farming. His holiday residence is in Wales, at the edge of the Cambrian Mountains, and since the early 1990s the view from the hillside above his house has encompassed more than 100 turbines, all flailing out of sync. "A staggeringly beautiful landscape is being devastated", says Woodward, who used to support environmentalist groups - until wind power blew him away. The people of Lewis are unmoved by such gripes. "This is all about preserving the environment", says Nigel Scott, who moved there seven years ago. "If we don't go down the wind energy road, in the long run there won't be any habitats to protect." No one seems to be worried about turbines spoiling the peat bog's vistas - or about what might happen if the winter gales should ever tum gentle.

60

After reading the text on the opposite page answer the following questions in English. Only include information from the text. Give short answers, write full sentences only if necessary. 1. What is the most characteristic feature of the elimate of Lewis? 2. Why does the population of the island keep decreasing? 3. How much energy will the planned turbines be able to produce? 4. What will the project provide for the inhabitants of the island? (a, b) 5. Name two advantages ofwind energy. (a, b) 6. How much more energy can wind turbines produce now than in the 1990-ies? 7. How many families can a modem turbine serve? 8. Why are the latest turbines easier to tolerate for the people in their neighbourhood? 9. What are the disadvantages of even the most modem turbines? (a, b) 10. Which of the two environrnentalists do the inhabitants of Lewis agree with?

Answers in English 1.

1P

2.

1P

3.

1P

4. a)

b)

Ip

5. a)

b)

Ip

6.

Ip

7.

Ip

8.

1P

9. a)

b)

1P

10.

1P Correct answers

61

IT] ,O

x2

IT]

Translation

Gyakorlati tanácsok Ebben a feladatban a közvetítői készséget mérjük. A feladat körülbelül 250 szavas angol nyelvű

cikk magyarra

fordítása.

Ez azt jelenti,

hogy

tartalmában

és stílusában

is

maradéktalanul vissza kell adni aszöveget.

A kulcsok között mindegyik szöveghez talál egy-egy fordítási mintát a 83-87. oldalakon.

Hogyan dolgozzon?

•

Olvassa végig az egész szöveget, próbálja nagy vonalakban megérteni a cikk mondanivalóját. Ehhez ne használjon szótárt.

•

Olvassa el a szöveget még egyszer és közben húzza alá azokat a szavakat, amelyeket később meg akar nézni a szótárban.

•

Mondatról

mondatra

haladva fordítsa le a szöveget,

a szótárban megnézett

szavakat ne írja ki külön lapra, hanem a feladatlapon a szóhoz kapcsolva írja fel a jelentést. Így nem szakad el a szövegtől, a szótárban található számos jelentés és árnyalat közül a leginkább odai11őttudja kiválasztani. •

Figyeljen az összetett mondatok tagolására, a fó- és mellékmondatokra.

•

Ne feledje, hogya

szöveg nem egymástól független mondatok halmaza, tehát az

angol szöveg összefüggéseit a magyar fordításnak is tükröznie kell. •

Az eredeti szöveg tagolását (bekezdéseit) őrizze meg a saját fordításában is.

•

Ha befejezte a fordítást, nézze át egy magyar olvasó szemével. Ellenőrizze, hogya szöveg könnyen

olvasható,

érthető legyen, és a gondolatok

kapcsolódjanak

egymáshoz. Az elkészült szöveget ellenőrizze helyesírási szempontból is. •

Legalább egy fordításnál használja a vizsgán szokásos mintaválaszlapot, 69-70. oldalon talál.

Erre a feladatra körülbelül 50 - 55 percet szánjon.

64

amit a

Értékelés: Kommunikatív

érték:

a vizsgázó a szöveg et lényegi tartalmi veszteség nélkül

lefordította, fordításában nincs a szöveg nagyobb gondolati egységeit vagy egészét befolyásoló félrefordítás vagy kihagyás. Maximális pontszám: 5 x 3 pont = 15 pont

Szöveghűség:

a fordított szöveg részleteit tekintve is híven tükrözi az eredetit, a

fordításban nincs (általában) mondatrész vagy szó szintű, a szöveg egészét nem befolyásoló félrefordítás vagy kihagyás. Maximális pontszám: 5 x 2 pont

Általános

benyomás:

a létrehozott

szöveg milyen

olvasóban. Maximális pontszám: 5 x 1pont

Maximálisan

elérhető pontszám 30.

65

=

5 pont

benyomást

=

10 pont

kelt a magyar

Translation Set 1 Translate the following text into Hungarian.

COUCH POTATO* CHILDREN RISKING HEAL TH

Young "couch potatoes"* are at risk of developing heart disease when they are older, the British Heart Foundation**

wams. It says unless children exercise more and foUow a

healthier diet, the number of people dying prematurely from coronary heart disease will rise in the future. A report by the foundation reveals that more than a third of children in England and Wales do not reach even minimum recornrnended exercise levels, with teenage girls being particularly inactive. Despite years of active campaigning to raise awareness of the risks, experts say the message is still not hitting home. Obesity is recognised as a growing problem among youngsters, who often spend hours in front of the TV or computer and have a passion for junk food. Health Education Authority*** guidelines recornrnend that children between the ages of 5 and 18 should take at least one hour of moderately intense activity - such as cycling, running or dancing - every day. But prirnary schools in England and Wales have halved the amount of time aUocated to physical education in the last five years. Moreover, secondary schools in Britain faU behind schools on the continent: only a third of children in secondary schools get two or more hours a week of PE, compared to 46% in 1994. The British Heart Foundation wams that unless children's habits change, the problem will be exacerbated in the future.

*"couch potato": tohonya **British Heart Foundation: Brit Szív Alapítvány ***Health Education Authority: Egészségnevelési Hivatal

66

Translation Set 2 Translate

the following text into Hungarian.

ICEMAN'S

MYSTERIOUS

DEATH

In 1991 a 5,300-year-old "Iceman" was dis covered in the ltalian Alps. Scientists initially presumed that the Stone Age man, nicknamed Otzi, was caught in a storm and froze to death. But another team of scientists state that Otzi's case instead has become the world's oldest murder case. Otzi's frozen and naturally mummified

body bec ame a worldwide

sensation after two

mountain climbers stumbled upon it in a glacier on an Alpine pass joining ltaly and Austria. Nearby artifacts included a copper blade axe, a bear skin cap, shoes of bear skin and woven grass, and a quiver of arrows. In 2001, an ltalian radiologist found an arrowhead embedded in Otzi's shoulder. He had been shot from behind but the attackers managed to pull out only the shaft. This discovery led researchers to look for more evidence of a fatal fight. They examined his hand and found a deep gash that had been missed in previous examinations. Then another cut was found on his left hand and bruises on the torso, as if Otzi had been badly beaten. ADNA specialist was also involved to look for microscopic blood samples that might belong to the attackers. Blood from one person was found on the back of Otzi's cloak, and blood from two other people was found on one of his arrows in his quiver. Blood from a fourth person was found on the knife. Scientists plan to look for more bodies where Otzi was found.

67

Translation Set 3 Translate the following text into Hungarian.

CLEVER THIEVES

Man's best friend is smarter than many people think, say researchers in Germany. Although dogs can't quite read our minds, they seem to know what we can see. Joseph Call and his colleagues in Leipzig tested dogs to see if they behave differently when they are being watched. Researchers placed treats* in front of the dogs, and forbade each animal to eat the food. As long as the person remained in the room, the dogs rarely went for the food. But if the person left the room, the dogs scoffed** the treat within five seconds. They tested the dog's behaviour in greater detaiL In tests on six dogs, they found that the dogs stole twice as much food when the person was not looking directly at them. If someone was keeping an eye on the dog, then in 75 per cent of cases the dog would take an "indirect" approach - wandering around the room before eating it. If the human was distracted by a computer game, the figure dropped to 24 per cent. This may mean that dogs are able to figure out what humans can see, suggests Call. It's a far cry from the belief that all dog behaviour is govemed by automatic, learned responses. Instead, dogs may have flexible minds that can piece together past experiences and rules to produce solutions to new problems.

*treats: ínyencfalat **scoffed: mohón felfal

68

Translation Set 4 Translate the following text into Hungarian.

IS ATHLETICS SWALLOWING SUPPLlES OF VITAL DRUGS?

Drug abuse by sportsmen and women in the US is now so widespread that more human growth hormone is sold on the black market than is used to treat people with congenital dwarfism. In a new report, the Association of Clinical Endocrinologists*

estimates that 60% of the

human growth hormone sold in the USA is being siphoned off for illicit purposes. Most of this abuse is by athletes, to boost their physiques. Other people are taking the drug in the hope that it will delay ageing, while some parents are giving it to medically normal children to boost their height. The report was issued just days before the death, apparently from heart problems, of sprint star Florence Griffith Joyner. Griffith Joyner, who was just 38, had been widely suspected of using drugs. Hossein Gharib of the Mayo Clinic, who wrote the report, wams that the high doses of growth hormone taken by some athletes could cause heart disease. Apart from the effects on their own health, athletes can cause difficulties for legitimate patients. "We are afraid if growth hormone is used by people who do not need it, the supply may not be adequate," says Gharib. Currently, fewer than 10,000 people in the US are being legitimately prescribed human growth hormone. Gharib estimates that a further 65,000 might benefit from it. The main obstac1e is that doctors fail to put patients forward for this treatment, he says.

*Association of Clinical Endocrinologists: Klinikai Endokrinológusok Szövetsége

69

Translation Set 5 Translate the following text into Hungarian.

EVERGREEN

Global warming may be to blame for recent brutal heat waves and deadly storms. But at least our plants have been enjoying the weather. Aceording to a study published last week in Science, regional elimate changes over the past two decades have brought about a 6 percent increase in plant growth around the world, from tropical plants in the Amazon* to tundra shrubs in the colder parts of the world. Rising temperatures, increased rainfalI and decreased cloud-cover all have played a part, explains the study's co-author, Ramakrisna Nemani of the University ofMontana. "Climate completely changes how plants respond," says Nemani. Sponsored by NASA and the U.S. Department** of Energy, researchers used nearly 20 years of climatic and satellite data to chart the warming trend's effect on plant growth. As the world baked - the '80s and '90s were the two warmest decades - the vegetation flourished. In the Amazon*, for instance, decreased c1oud-cover alIowed more sunlight to reach plants like periwinkle***,

whose extract is used to treat cancer. In North America, warmer air

temperatures lengthened the growing season for tundra shrubs. Despite these positive effects, c1imate change could well cast a shadow on plant life in the long term. Scientists argue that continued growth could disrupt fragile ecosystems that have existed for thousands of years; for example because of their increased growth climber plants could entirely smother the taller trees they usualIy adom.

*Amazon: Amazonas-medence (itt) **Department: Ministry (US) ***periwinkle: meténg

70

Translation Candidate Answer Sheet Date:

------------------

71

Communic ative value

x3=

Content va lidity

x2=

Overall im pression

xl=

72

Keys

Writing Parts 1-2 SET 1

Part 1 -

THE FLORA DANCE

1.

who

11.

alI

2.

until

12.

those

3.

this

13.

to

4.

such

14.

then

5.

however

15.

behind

6.

is

16.

through

7.

of

17.

like

8.

their

18.

has

9.

most

19.

every

its

20.

even

10.

Part 2 -

MAISIE McDONALD

A

B

... / AN EXTREMELY ...

21.

C X

31.

22.

X

32.

23. 24. 25.

X

B X

A X

X

33. 34.

X X

41.

A

B X

42.

X

C

X

43.

X

44.

X X

35.

X

45.

C

26.

X

36.

X

46.

X

27.

X

37.

X

47.

X

28.

X

29. 30.

X X

X

38. 39.

48. X

40.

X

74

49. 50.

X X X

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 2

Part 1 -

A JOURNEY BY TUBE

1.

as

11.

several

2.

had

12.

was

3.

to

13.

but

4.

never

14.

so as

5.

therefore

15.

when

6.

after

16.

by

7.

both

17.

of

8.

from

18.

so that

9.

who

19.

that

however

20.

in

10.

Part 2 -

GUINEA PIG / THE FIRST ... / WINDSURFING

A 21.

B X

C

A

B

31.

C X

A 41.

B X

42.

X

22.

X

32.

23.

X

33.

X

43.

34.

X

44.

24. 25.

X X

26.

35. X

27. X

X

36. X

28.

X

37.

X X

38.

29.

X

39.

30.

X

40.

X X X

75

C

X X

45.

X

46.

X

47.

X

48.

X

49.

X

50.

X

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 3

Part 1 -

DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

1.

that

11.

it

2.

which

12.

on

3.

and

13.

a

4.

as

14.

further

5.

had

15.

during

6.

to

16.

many

7.

of

17.

even

8.

however

18.

were

9.

his

19.

because of

when

20.

was

10.

Part 2 -

FISH SCULPUTRES

A 21.

B X

22.

X

/ SPAIN TREATS ...

A

C 31. 32.

B X

C

X

41.

C X

42.

X

A

B

23.

X

33.

X

43.

X

24.

X

34.

X

44.

X

25.

X

26.

X

27. 28.

35.

X X

X

45.

36.

X

46.

37.

X

47.

38.

X

X X

48.

29.

X

39.

X

49.

30.

X

40.

X

50.

76

X

X X X

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 4

Part 1 -

Part 2 -

MEN'S EASY GUIDE ....

1.

one

11.

another

2.

of

12.

never

3.

there

13.

less

4.

their

14.

would

5.

any

15.

should

6.

is

16.

if

7.

into

17.

something

8.

your

18.

to be

9.

doesn't

19.

like

10.

maybe

20.

yourself

A MICHIGAN

A

B

21. 22.

TRUCK DRIVER ... / HEAL THY KIDS

C X

X

A 31.

B X

32.

X

C

A 41.

X X

X

33.

X

43.

24.

X

34.

X

44.

X

45.

X

46.

X

X

35.

26.

X

36.

27.

X

28. 29. 30.

X X

X

37.

X

47.

38.

X

48.

39. X

40.

X X

77

C

42.

23. 25.

B X

49. 50.

X

X X X X

Writing Parts 1-2 Set 5

Part 1-

Part 2 -

FAMILY TRADITION

1.

at

11.

as

2.

has

12.

that

3.

is

13.

which

4.

whom

14.

its

5.

when

15.

be

6.

her

16.

also

7.

from

17.

while

8.

to

18.

will

9.

had

19.

mu ch

10.

and

20.

alI

FIREMAN ... / US TE EN SAILOR ... / "PICK YOUR OWN" ...

A 21.

B X

22.

31. X

23.

X

24. 25.

C

X X

26.

33.

X

43.

34.

28.

X

38. 39.

X

X X

B

X X X

48. 49.

X

78

X X X

47. X

40.

X

44. 46.

50.

C X

X

45.

36. 37.

30.

A 41. 42.

X X

C

X

27. 29.

B

32.

35. X

A X

X X X X

Writing Part 3 Set O

MODEL 1

(BARÁTI LEVÉL)

09/0312009 DearTom, I'm sorry for not having written for so long. As you know, I spent four weeks completing my practical training as a vet in January. I met a lot of experts in surgery. What's more, I had the opportunity of getting to know one of the foremost Hungarian sportsmen. You might have heard of András Hargitay, who won the gold medal in the 1964 Olympics. After retiring from competitive swimming he started work as a vet and he's been working ever since at the Lehel Animal Clinic, where I met him. He is a good-looking man, taU and weU-built. He usually wears jeans and T-shirts. He is an amusing person, and in spite ofhis sporting successes he remains very modest. I've always admired people who can behave in such a natural way. We could always tum to him if we had any professional queries and he was always willing to help. If only you could meet him one day. Do you think you'Il to be able to visit me this summer? I'm looking forward to hearing from you and, hopefully, seeing you before too long.

Love

Juli

79

MODEL 2

(HIVATALOS LEVÉL)

Au -pair Agency 25, Black Bridge Road WS53HH London

8, Royal Street WS45HH London

21 st April 2009 Dear Sir or Madam, My name is Julia Balla and 1 have been working at the Pattersons for two months. 1 am writing now because 1 would like to change families. When 1 got this job 1 was told that 1 would have to take care of two children: a 5-yearold girl and a 7-year-old boy. However, by the time 1 arrived Mrs. Patterson had just had a new baby. 1 was informed that my duties would include taking care of the baby, too. 1 know nothing about babies. Nevertheless, 1 have been trying to do my best. Yesterday was the last straw. The seven-year-old fell into the swimming pool while 1 was feeding the baby and the parents were watching TV. The Pattersons blamed me for not taking proper care of the children. 1 do not think it is fair. 1 have not been able to get on with Mrs. Patterson at all because she is always trying to make me do things that are not in my job description; such as cooking or cleaning. 1 am asking you to help me fmd a new family. 1 just want to do the things an au-pair usually has to do and to have my day off, which 1 was unable to do over the past months. 1 should be grateful if you could fmd me a new position as soon as possible. 1 look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully Julia Balla

80

Reading Part 1 Sets 1-5

MY SCOTLAND

...

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

E

B

F

C

D

KIDS ...

I ~ I ~ I ~ I :; I ~ I

COUPLES FREE ... 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

E

F

A

D

B

SCHOOL'S

OUT ...

A SURVEY ...

81

Reading Part 2 Sets 1-2 PREHISTORIC CAT LOVERS Answers in English

1. the domestication of cats

Ip

2. to control rats and mice

1p

3. owners shaved off their eyebrows

Ip

4. about 9,500 years ago

Ip

5. yes

Ip

6. Syria / Turkey / Israel

Ip

7. to find new land

Ip

8. any two: face was bigger / teeth were bigger / limbs were long er

Ip

9. eight months old

1p

10. (min.) 2

Ip

BENDYBUS

...

Answers in English

1. double-deckers were to be replaced by bendy buses

Ip

2. less than half / 40-50 %

1P

3. a) 3 doors used for entering

lb) tickets should be bought in advance

Ip

4. 2

Ip

5. increasing passenger volumes

Ip

6. any two: safety / less vulnerable to vandalism / comfort / smooth ride

Ip

7. tourist industry

Ip

8. Waterloo

Ip

9. manoeuvrability / they are as manoeuvrable as double-deckers

Ip

10. a) The National Federation of Bus Users lb) London Transport Users Committee

82

Ip

Reading Part 2 Sets 3-4 WHYTHECOD

...

Answers in English 1.

any two: fishermen! scientists/ fish eaters

1p

2.

it has increased

1p

3.

60%

1P

a) scientists: long-term interests / maintaining the stocks

4.

1P b) politicians: short-term interests / keeping the industry alive

5.

nearly 30 years ago

6.

a) their own research surveys

1p lb) catch data of commercial vessels

1p

7. no

1p

8. sonars

1p

9. 10.

too many boats, too few fish

1p

they are pessimistic about their sons' future

1p

REPAIRWORK Answers in English 1. 1%

1P

2. Trees for Life

1p

3. graz ing deer

1p

4. yes

1p

5.

dec1aring the century of restoring the earth / setting up a network to link existing projects / making skills and experience available for new projects

6. a) Madagascar/Haiti/Scotland

b) India! Australia! Costa Rica! VietnamlScotland

7. Johannesburg 8. a) action

1p 1p 1p

b) results

9. 2

1p 1P

10. he is undeterredlhe is arguing his case at international conferences

83

1p

--------------------------------------

Reading Part 2 Set 5 CATCHING THE WIND

Answers in English 1. (constant) wind

1p

2. because of poverty / young people leave the island

1p

3. 1% ofBritain's

1p

(total electrical) needs

4. a) jobs

lb) money

1p

5. any two: safe / free / inexhaustible

1p

6. (more than) twice as much

1p

7. about 800

1p

8. theyare less noisy

1p

9. a) they kill birds

lb) they spoil the countryside

10. Sven Tiske

1p 1p

84

Translation Set 1

A tohonya gyerekek veszélyeztetik az egészségüket A Brit Szív Alapítvány arra figyelmeztet, hogy a fiatal, tohonya gyerekek annak a veszélynek vannak kitéve, hogy idősebb korukra szívbetegek lesznek. Az alapítvány azt állítja, hogy amennyiben

a gyerekek

egészségesebben,

nem végeznek

a jövőben

növekedni

több testmozgást,

valamint

fog a szívkoszorúér

nem táplálkoznak

megbetegedésben

fiatalon

elhalálozók száma. Az alapítvány által készített egyik jelentés feltárja, hogy Angliában és Walesben

a gyerekeknek

több mint egyharmada

nem végzi el az ajánlott testmozgás

minimumát sem, a tizenéves lányok pedig különösen keveset mozognak.

Az évek óta folyó aktív kampány ellenére, melynek célja, hogy felhívja a figyelmet a (mozgásszegény

életmódból

eredő

egészségügyi)

kockázatra,

a szakértők

szerint

a

figyelmeztetés még mindig nem ért célba. Jól ismert, hogy az elhízás egyre növekvő probléma a fiatalok körében, akik gyakran órákat töltenek a televízió és a számítógép előtt, és nagyon kedvelik az egészségtelen ételeket.

Az Egészségnevelési Hivatal irányelveiben azt javasolja, hogy az 5 és 18 év közötti gyerekek naponta

legalább

kerékpározzanak,

egy órán

át végezzenek

mérsékelten

megterhelő

testmozgást,

pl.

fussanak vagy táncoljanak. Angliában és Walesben azonban az elmúlt öt

évben a felére csökkentették a testnevelési órákra szánt időt az általános iskolákban. Ráadásul a brit középiskolák lemaradtak a kontinens iskolái mögött: a középiskolás tanulók csak 33 százalékának van heti két vagy több testnevelés órája, az 1994-es 46 százalékkal szemben.

A Brit Szív alapítvány arra figyelmeztet, hogy ha a gyerekek nem változtatnak a szokásaikon, a jövőben a probléma csak súlyosabb lesz.

85

Translation Set 2

A jégbe fagyott ember titokzatos halála 1991-ben egy 5300 éves ,jégbe fagyott embert" találtak az olasz Alpokban. A tudósok kezdetben azt feltételezték, hogya kőkorszaki ember, akit Otzinak neveztek el, viharba került és halálra fagyott. De egy másik tudóscsoport azt állítja, hogy ami Otzival tötént, az inkább a világ legrégebbi gyilkossági ügye. Otzi megfagyott és természetes úton mumifikálódott teste világ szenzációvá vált, miután egy Olaszország és Ausztria közötti alpesi átjáróban két hegymászó egy gleccserben rábukkant. A test közelében

talált tárgyak

közt volt egy rézpengéjű

balta,

egy medvebőr

sapka,

medvebőrből készült fiífonatos cipők és egy íjakkal teli tegez.

200l-ben egy olasz radiológus egy nyílhegyet fedezett fel Otzi vállába fúródva. Otzit hátulról lőtték le, de a támadóknak csak a nyíl szárát sikerült kihúzniuk. Ez a felfedezés a kutatókat arra ösztönözte, hogy további bizonyítékokat

keressenek, melyek egy halálos kimenetelű

küzdelemre utalnak.

Megvizsgálták a kezét, és egy olyan mély vágást találtak rajta, mely a korábbi vizsgálatok során elkerülte a figyelmüket.

Aztán egy másik vágást találtak a bal kezén és olyan

zúzódásokat a testen, mintha Otzit súlyosan bántalmazták volna.

Ezután egy DNS specialistát is bevontak a kutatásba, hogy keressen olyan mikroszkópikus vérmintákat, melyek a támadóktól származhattak.

Egy ember vémyomát megtalálták Otzi

köpenyének hátán, két másik embertől származó vémyomot találtak a tokban levő egyik nyílvesszőn. A késen egy negyedik ember vémyomát találták.

A tudósok azt tervezik, hogy további holttesteket keresnek ott, ahol Otzit megtalálták.

86

Translation Set 3

Ügyes tolvajok Német kutatók azt állítják, hogy az ember legjobb barátja okosabb, mint sokan gondolnák. Habár a kutyák nem tudnak olvasni a gondolatainkban,

azt - úgy tűnik - tudják, hogy mit

látunk.

Joseph Call és kollégái Lipcsében kutyákon végeztek megfigyeléseket arra nézve, hogy vajon máshogy viselkednek-e a kutyák, ha nézik őket. A kutatók egymás után tettek a kutyák elé ínyencfalatokat, és megtiltották nekik, hogy megegyék azokat. Amíg valaki a szobában volt, a kutyák csak ritkán mentek oda az ételhez. De ha a megfigyelő kiment a szobából, a kutyák 5 másodpercen belül mohón felfalták a fmom falatot.

A kutyák viselkedését részletesebben is megvizsgálták. 6 kutya vizsgálata azt az eredményt hozta, hogya kutyák kétszer annyi ételt csentek el, ha nem néztek rájuk. Ha valaki figyelte a kutyát, az esetek 75 százalékában

a kutya elkerülő hadműveletet

alkalmazott - először

körbejárt a szobában, s csak azután falta fel a finomságot. Ha a megfigyelő személy valami komputeres játékkal foglalkozott, csak 24%-uk alkalmazta ezt a taktikát.

Call szerint ez azt jelentheti, hogya kutyák ki tudják következtetni, mit láthatnak az emberek. Ez a megállapítás messze van attól a feltételezéstől, hogya kutyák viselkedését automatikus, tanult minták irányítják. Ehelyett a kutyáknak valószínűleg rugalmas gondolkodásmódjuk van, mely az új problémákat

a múltból származó tapasztalatok

összekapcsolásával oldja meg.

87

és megtanult szabályok

Translation Set 4

A sport felszippantja a fontos gyógyszerkészleteket? Az USA-ban annyira elterjedt a sportolók körében az illegális szerek használata, hogy már több humán növekedési hormont árulnak a feketepiacon,

mint amennyit a veleszületett

törpeségben szenvedők kezelésére használnak.

Egy beszámolójában a Klinikai Endokrinológusok

Szövetsége úgy becsli, hogy az USA-ban

eladott humán növekedési hormon 60 %-át meg nem engedett célokra használják. A legtöbb visszaélést

sportolók követik el azért, hogy erősítsék fizikumukat.

Mások az öregedési

folyamat lelassítását remélik a szerektől, néhány szülő pedig azért szedeti orvosilag normál fizikumu gyermekével, hogy magasabbra nőjön.

A beszámoló pár nappal azelőtt látott napvilágot, hogy elhunyt Florence Griffith Joyner rövidtávfutó. Halálát minden bizonnyal szívproblémák okozták. Griffith Joyner csak 38 éves volt és sokan gyanították, hogy doppingol.

A beszámoló szerzője, a Mayo klinikán dolgozó Hossein Gharib arra figyelmeztet, hogya sportolók által nagy dózisban szedett növekedési hormon szívbetegséget okozhat.

A sportolók saját egészségük károsításán kívül a valódi betegeknek is nehézséget okozhatnak. "Attól félünk, hogy esetleg nem lesz elég növekedési hormon, ha olyanok is szedik, akiknek nincs is rá szükségük", állítja Gharib.

Az USA-ban jelenleg 10 ezer fó alatt van azoknak a száma, akiknek jogosan írnak fel humán növekedési hormont. Gharib becslései szerint további 65 ezer embemek lenne szüksége erre a szerre. Szerinte a legnagyobb problémát az okozza, hogy az orvosok nem ajánlják ezt a kezelési módot a betegeknek.

88

Translation Set 5

Örökzöld Az utóbbi

időben

előforduló

hőhullámokért

és halálos

erejű

viharokért

a globális

felmelegedés okolható. De legalább a növényeink jól érzik magukat ilyen időjárásban. A múlt héten a Science magazinban közreadott tanulmány szerint a regionális éghajlati változások mintegy hat százalékos növekedést eredményeztek a növények fejlődésében az elmúlt két évtized során az egész világon, az Amazonas-medence hidegebb

részein

található

tundrák

cserjéiig.

trópusi növényeitől kezdve a világ

Az emelkedő

hőmérséklet,

a nagyobb

mennyiségű csapadék és a vékonyabb felhőtakaró mind közrejátszottak ebben, magyarázta a tanulmány társszerzője, Ramakrisna Nemani a Montanai Egyetemről.

,,Az éghajlat teljes

mértékben megváltoztatja a növények reakcióit", mondta Nemani.

A NASA és az amerikai Energiaügyi Minisztérium által szponzorált kutatás során a kutatók közel 20 évnyi éghajlati és műholdas adatot használtak fel arra, hogy feltérképezzék

a

felmelegedési tendenciák hatását a növények fejlődésére. Mialatt a világ megsült a forróságtól - a 80-as és a 90-es évek volt a két legmelegebb évtized - a növényzet buján fejlődött. Az Amazonas-medencében

például a vékonyabb felhőtakaró lehetővé tette, hogy több napfény

érje az olyan növényeket, mint a meténg, amelynek kivonatát a rák kezelésére használják. Észak-Amerikában

a melegebb levegő meghosszabbította

a tundrán élő cserjék növekedési

időszakát.

Ezen pozitív hatások ellenére hosszú távon az éghajlat akár negatív hatással is lehet a növények

életére. A tudósok

ökoszisztémákat

azzal érvelnek,

a tartós növekedés

hogy az évezredek

szétrombolhatja;

óta létező törékeny

például a kúszónövények

fokozott

növekedésük miatt teljes mértékben megfojthatják a magasabb fákat, amelyeket rendszerint ékesítenek.

89

My Results

FELADAT Writin Parts Writing Parts Writing Parts Writing Parts Writing Parts

1 and 1 and 1 and 1 and 1 and

Readin Reading Reading Reading Reading

Part Part Part Part Part

1/ 1 1/ 2 1/ 3

Readin Reading Readin Reading Reading

Part Part Part Part Part

2/ 2/ 2/ 2/ 2/

FELADAT Writing Part Writing Part Writing Part Writing Part Writin Part

FELADAT Translation Translation Translation Translation Translation

ELERT PONTSZAM

RAFORDITOTT

IDO

BECSÜLT PONTSZAM

RAFORDITOTT

IDO

BECSÜLT PONTSZAM

RAFORDITOTT

IDO

2/ 1

2/ 2/ 2/ 2/

2 3 4 5

1/ 4

1/ 5

1 2 3 4 5

3/ 1 3/2 3/ 3 3/4 3/ 5

1 2 3 4 5

90