Korean Hangul [PDF]

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Korean 101: Read Korean Step by Step

By Ina Kim

Ina Kim Teacher/Coach Hi I'm Ina! I am a full time teacher, coach, and content creator. I am an expert at what I do, and I truly enjoy teaching! My goal is to make learning fun and make impact in students' lives. Happy learning, scholars!

Here is a list of what you will learn in this printable PDF/Ebook: Basic Korean Consonants Double Consonants Basic Korean Vowels Compound vowels (Double Vowels) Sound Sound Order of Reading Korean Words that Start with Each Consonant Batchim (Final Consonant) + Examples Basic Sentence Structure + Examples Stroke Order of Korean Alphabet Korean Alphabet Practice Pages

ㄹ ㅇ

Before you start, I want you to know that this ebook is color-coded! Color coding is my favorite part of making learning more effective and comprehensible for language learning. Enjoy! *Feel free to print these and use them as posters to help you with learning!

Color Keys:

Green: Consonants Pink: Vowels Yellow: Batchim (Final Consonant) Gray: Sentence Structure

KOREAN CONSONANTS

ㄱ

ㄴ

ㄷ

ㄹ

ㅁ

G

N

D

L

M

ㅂ

ㅅ

ㅇ

ㅈ

ㅊ

B

S

Silent/Ng

J

Ch

ㅋ

ㅌ

ㅍ

ㅎ

K

T

P

H

Double Consonants

ㄲ

ㄸ

ㅃ

ㅆ

ㅉ

Gg

Dd

Bb

Ss

Jj

Korean with Ina

KOREAN CONSONANTS + VOWEL (A)

ㅏ

가

나

다

라

마

Ga

Na

Da

La

Ma

바

사

아

자

차

Ba

Sa

Silent + a

Ja

Cha

카

타

파

하

Ka

Ta

Pa

Ha

when

ㅇ

ㅇ

*When comes in the beginning, it's silent; comes as Batchim (final consonant), it makes a ng sound.

Double Consonants

까

따

빠

싸

짜

Gga

Dda

Bba

Ssa

Jja

Korean with Ina

DOUBLE CONSONANTS EXAMPLES

Double Consonants

까

따

빠

싸

짜

Gga

Dda

Bba

Ssa

Jja

Explanation Just these 5 consonants can turn into double consonants. When you pronounce them, say them with a little more stress.

Examples 1)

쌍둥이 (twins)

2)

Ss+ah+ng, D+ū+ng, Silent+ee = Ssahng dūng ee

Korean with Ina

코끼리 (elephant)

K+oh, Gg+ee, L+ee = Koh ggee lee

ㄹ

SOUND

ㄹ

Is it R or L??? Help!

Explanation

ㄹ

The letter is in between L and R. It would be closer to the English L, since your tongue does touch the top of your mouth, but it is also close to the Spanish soft R as your tongue goes to the back of your mouth just HALFWAY.

Korean with Ina

ㅇ

SOUND

ㅇ

When is silent? When does it make a ng sound?

ㅇ

Explanation

ㅇ ㅇ

When comes in the beginning, it's silent; when comes in Batchim (final consonant), it makes a ng sound. ex) (hello- informal way) = silent+ah+n, n+yeo+ng

안녕

Korean with Ina

KOREAN BASIC VOWELS

ㅏ

ㅑ

ㅓ

ㅕ

ㅗ

Ah/A

Ya

Eo

Yeo

Oh

ㅛ

ㅜ

ㅠ

ㅡ

ㅣ

Yo

Ū/oo

Yu

Eu

Ee

Explanation WHERE do I put the vowels? That depends on the shape of each vowel. If the vowel is vertical, it goes on the side of the consonant; and when the vowel is horizontal, it goes on the bottom of the consonant. ex) , , , , = vertical= side (woman) ex) , , , , = horizontal= bottom

ㅏㅑㅓㅕㅣ 여자 ㅗㅛㅜㅠㅡ

우유 (milk)

Korean with Ina

KOREAN COMPOUND VOWELS (DOUBLE VOWLES)

ㅐ

ㅔ

ㅒ

ㅖ

ㅚ

Eh

Eh

Yeh

Yeh

Weh

ㅙ

ㅘ

ㅟ

ㅝ

ㅞ

Weh

Wah

Wee

Wuh

Weh

ㅢ Ui

Explanation These vowels are called double vowels because they are actually two separate vowels combined together! For example, is + . When you pronounce these double vowels, break it down and pronounce each of them first and then say them altogether. For example, (oh) and (ah) together will be "ohah," which is very close to (wah). *Exception: This sound trick doesn't apply to the first 4 vowels.

ㅘ ㅗㅏ

ㅗ

ㅏ

ㅘ

Korean with Ina

ORDER OF READING KOREAN

⬇

Read each syllable in this order Consonant

Vowel

Batchim (if there is any)

1. The first letter is always a consonant. 2. The letter in the second position is always a vowel. 3. If there is any Batchim (final consonant), it is always a consonant.

⬇Examples⬇

ㅅ+ㅏ=사 ㄹ + ㅏ+ ㅇ = 랑 s

r/l

ah

ah

ah

ng

r/lang

사랑 means love *Just like English, each word and syllable is made up of both vowels and consonants in Korean.

Korean with Ina

ㄱ

DECODING PRACTICE!

1)

기타 (guitar)

2)

G+ee, T+ah = Gee tah

가구 (furniture)

G+ah, G+ū/oo = Gah gū

ㄴ

*Hard G sound as in goat

3)

나무 (tree)

N+ah, M+ū/oo = Nah mū

4)

*Hard G sound

나라 (country)

N+ah, L/R+ah = Nah l/rah

*Words are made up of both consonants and vowels. For each syllable, decode the consonant first and then the vowel. Korean with Ina

ㄷ

DECODING PRACTICE!

5)

두부 (tofu)

6)

D+ū/oo, B+ū/oo = Dū bū

D+ah, L+ee = Dah lee

ㄹ

7)

라디오 (radio)

L+ah, D+ee, Silent+oh = La dee oh

다리 (leg)

8)

레고 (lego)

L+eh, G+oh = Leh goh

*Words are made up of both consonants and vowels. For each syllable, decode the consonant first and then the vowel. Korean with Ina

ㅁ

DECODING PRACTICE!

9)

무지개 (rainbow)

10)

미래 (future)

M+ū/oo, J+ee, G+eh = Mū jee geh M+ee, L/R+eh = Mee l/reh

11)

비누 (soup)

ㅂ

B+ee, N+ū/oo = Bee nū

12)

버스 (bus)

B+eo, S+eu = Beo seu

*Words are made up of both consonants and vowels. For each syllable, decode the consonant first and then the vowel. Korean with Ina

ㅅ

DECODING PRACTICE!

13)

시계 (watch)

S+ee, G+yeh = See gyeh

14)

S+ah, J+ah = Sah jah

ㅇ

15)

아기 (infant)

Silent+ah, G+ee = [Silent] ah gee

사자 (lion)

16)

이유 (reason)

Silent+ee, Silent+yu = [Silent] ee [Silent] yu

*Words are made up of both consonants and vowels. For each syllable, decode the consonant first and then the vowel. Korean with Ina

ㅈ

DECODING PRACTICE!

17)

자유 (freedom)

18)

J+ee, D+oh = Jee doh

J+ah, Silent+yu = Jah [silent] yu

19)

치마 (skirt)

지도 (map)

ㅊ

Ch+ee, M+ah = Chee mah

20)

채소 (vegetables) Ch+eh, S+oh = Cheh soh

*Words are made up of both consonants and vowels. For each syllable, decode the consonant first and then the vowel. Korean with Ina

ㅋ

DECODING PRACTICE!

21)

커피 (coffee) 22) 카메라 (camera)

K+eo, P+ee = Keo pee K+ah, M+eh, L+ah = Kah meh l/rah

23)

타코 (taco)

T+ah, K+oh = Tah koh

ㅌ 24)

태도 (attitude)

T+eh, D+oh = Teh doh

*Words are made up of both consonants and vowels. For each syllable, decode the consonant first and then the vowel. Korean with Ina

ㅍ

DECODING PRACTICE!

25)

피아노 (piano)

P+ee, Silent+ah, N+oh = Pee [silent] ah noh

27)

허리 (waist)

H+eo, L+ee = Heo lee

26)

파도 (wave)

P+ah, D+oh = Pah doh

ㅎ 28)

하루 (day)

H+ah, L+ū/oo = Hah lū

*Words are made up of both consonants and vowels. For each syllable, decode the consonant first and then the vowel. Korean with Ina

WHAT IS BATCHIM?

안녕 Explanation

Do you see the consonants that I circled above? They are called Batchim, also known as final consonant. Batchim is placed at the bottom of each syllable. Although there are so many consonant sounds and consonant combination that could be placed as Batchim, following the simple rule below will help you read Batchim much easier! Korean with Ina

7 SOUNDS OF KOREAN BATCHIM

ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ, ㄳ, ㄺ = ㄱ (g/k)

(g or soft k when these consonants are used as Batchim)

ㄴ, ㄵ, ㄶ = ㄴ (n) ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ = ㄷ (d/t)

(d or t when these consonants are used as Batchim)

ㄹ, ㄼ, ㄾ, ㅀ = ㄹ (l) ㅁ,ㄻ = ㅁ (m) ㅂ, ㅍ, ㅄ, ㄿ = ㅂ (b) ㅇ = ㅇ (ng) Korean with Ina

EXAMPLES OF WORDS

WITH BATCHIM(MARKED IN RED) Now using the rules above, let's try decoding these words together. Consonants in Batchim sound different depending on what comes beside them. Thus, some words will SOUND different from the actual romanization.

1)

꽃 (Flower)

Gg+oh+d, = Ggohd *Pronounce the d just halfway (It's also similar to the t sound)

D+oh+n = Dohn

닫다 (to close) 4) 행복 (Happiness)

3)

D+ah+d, D+ah = Dahd dah

5)

H+eh+ng, B+oh+k = Hehng bohk

놀다 (to play) 6) 밟다 ( to step on)

N+oh+l, D+ah = Nohl dah

7)

돈 (Money)

2)

B+ah+l, D+ah = Bahl dah

수박 (Watermelon) 8) 로봇 (Robot)

S+ū/oo, B+ah+k = Sū bahk

L+oh, B+ohd = Loh bohd *Pronounce the d just halfway (It's also similar to the t sound)

Korean with Ina

YOUR TURN! DECODING PRACTICE

1)

축구 (Soccer)

2)

한국 (Korea)

3)

밥 (Rice)

4)

공책 (Notebook)

5)

옷 (Clothes) Korean with Ina

YOUR TURN! ANSWER KEY

1)

축구 (Soccer)

Ch+ū/oo+k, G+ū/oo = Chūk gū

2)

한국 (Korea)

H+ah+n, G+ū/oo+k = Hahn Gūk

3)

밥 (Rice)

B+ah+b = Bahb

4)

공책 (Notebook)

G+oh+ng, Ch+eh+k = Gohng chehk

5)

옷 (Clothes)

[Silent]+oh+d = [Silent] ohd *Pronounce the d just halfway (It's also similar to the t sound)

Korean with Ina

BASIC SENTENCE STRUCTURE English

I

love you.

Subject

Verb

Object

Korean

I

you love. ( )

나(는) 너 를 사랑해 Subject Particle Object Particle

Verb

Explanation Most basic Korean sentence structure follows the SOV (Subject + Object + Verb) rule. Also, unlike English, Korean has particles. They are subject and topic markers that follow subjects/nouns. However, many times, when speaking, particles are omitted. Korean with Ina

S+O+V SENTENCE EXAMPLES I

student

저는

Subject Particle

학생

Object

to be

이에요. Verb

= I am a student.

Mom

song

sings

엄마가 노래를 불러요.

Subject Particle Object Particle

Verb

= Mom is singing.

I

Korea

like

저는 한국을 좋아해요.

Subject Particle Object Particle

Verb

= I like Korea. *Object in grammar means nouns and pronouns. *Particle explanation & complex sentence structure are not included in this PDF. Korean with Ina

Feel free to print them out to practice Korean alphabet!

STROKE ORDER OF KOREAN CONSONANTS

↙

↙

↙

↙↙

↙

↙

↙↙

↙ ↙ ↙

↙ ↙

↙

↙ ↙

↙

↙ ↙↙

Korean with Ina

↙ ↙

↙

↙

↙

↙

↙

↙↙

ㄷ ㅂ ㅈ ㅌ

↙↙

↙↙

↙

↙ ↙

ㄴ ㅁ ㅇ ㅋ ㅎ

↙

↙

ㄱ ㄹ ㅅ↙ ㅊ ㅍ

COSONANTS KOREAN WRITING PRACTICE PAGE

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ ㅇ Korean with Ina

COSONANTS KOREAN WRITING PRACTICE PAGE

ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

Korean with Ina

DOUBLE COSONANTS KOREAN WRITING PRACTICE PAGE

ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ ㅆ ㅉ

Korean with Ina

STROKE ORDER OF KOREAN BASIC VOWELS

↙

↙ ↙↙

↙

↙

↙

↙ ↙

↙

↙

↙ ↙

↙

↙

↙

↙

↙

↙ ↙↙

Korean with Ina

ㅓ ㅛ ㅡ ㅔ ↙

↙↙

↙

↙↙

ㅑ ㅗ ㅠ ㅐ

↙ ↙↙

↙↙

ㅏ ㅕ ㅜ ㅣ ㅒ

BASIC VOWELS WRITING PRACTICE

ㅏ ㅑ ㅓ ㅕ ㅗ ㅛ ㅜ ㅠ Korean with Ina

BASIC VOWELS WRITING PRACTICE

ㅡ ㅣ

Korean with Ina

DOUBLE VOWELS WRITING PRACTICE

ㅐ ㅔ ㅒ ㅖ ㅚ ㅙ ㅘ ㅟ Korean with Ina

DOUBLE VOWELS WRITING PRACTICE

ㅝ ㅞ ㅢ

Korean with Ina

BONUS: MY HANDWRITTEN ANCHOR CHART *Just in case you want access to my anchor chart from the videos, here is a picture I took of it. Feel free to use this as a resource!

Korean with Ina

Hey scholar, you did it! Thank you for reading Korean 101: Read Korean Step-By-Step. Learning journey can be difficult at times, but I am so happy to provide you with this resource to make this journey more simple and organized. I'm cheering you on every step of the way in your learning journey! See you on TikTok! Love, Ina Kim Korean with Ina