Ieee 48 [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

IEEE Power and Energy Society

STANDARDS

IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for AlternatingCurrent Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Developed by the Insulated Conductors Committee

IEEE Std 48™-2020 (Revision of IEEE Std 48-2009)

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48™-2020

(Revision of IEEE Std 48-2009)

IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for AlternatingCurrent Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV Developed by the

Insulated Conductors Committee of the

IEEE Power and Energy Society Approved 30 January 2020

IEEE SA Standards Board

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Abstract: Test procedures and requirements are provided for all indoor and outdoor cable terminations used on alternating-current shielded cables having laminated insulation rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV and extruded insulation rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV, except separable insulated connectors, which are covered by IEEE Std 386™-2016 [B18]. Cable terminations and component parts shall be capable of withstanding the tests specified in this standard. Keywords: accelerated contamination testing, correction factors, dielectric field tests, environmental exposure, IEEE 48™, nonstandard service conditions, rating, solar radiation, standard service conditions, test requirements, ultraviolet light

The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright © 2020 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 12 October 2020. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. PDF: Print:

ISBN 978-1-5044-6462-8 ISBN 978-1-5044-6463-5

STD24063 STDPD24063

IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. For more information, visit http://​www​.ieee​.org/​web/​aboutus/​whatis/​policies/​p9​-26​.html. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents IEEE documents are made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers, or a reference to this page, appear in all standards and may be found under the heading “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents.” They can also be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http://​standards​.ieee​.org/​ipr/​disclaimers​.html.

Notice and Disclaimer of Liability Concerning the Use of IEEE Standards Documents IEEE Standards documents are developed within the IEEE Societies and the Standards Coordinating Committees of the IEEE Standards Association (IEEE SA) Standards Board. IEEE develops its standards through an accredited consensus development process, which brings together volunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product. IEEE Standards are documents developed by volunteers with scientific, academic, and industry-based expertise in technical working groups. Volunteers are not necessarily members of IEEE or IEEE SA, and participate without compensation from IEEE. While IEEE administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process, IEEE does not independently evaluate, test, or verify the accuracy of any of the information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards. IEEE does not warrant or represent the accuracy or completeness of the material contained in its standards, and expressly disclaims all warranties (express, implied and statutory) not included in this or any other document relating to the standard, including, but not limited to, the warranties of: merchantability; fitness for a particular purpose; non-infringement; and quality, accuracy, effectiveness, currency, or completeness of material. In addition, IEEE disclaims any and all conditions relating to results and workmanlike effort. In addition, IEEE does not warrant or represent that the use of the material contained in its standards is free from patent infringement. IEEE Standards documents are supplied “AS IS” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.” Use of an IEEE standard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE Standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved and issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity, nor is IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing any IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his or her own independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standard. IN NO EVENT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: THE NEED TO PROCURE SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE PUBLICATION, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON ANY STANDARD, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGE WAS FORESEEABLE.

3

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Translations The IEEE consensus development process involves the review of documents in English only. In the event that an IEEE standard is translated, only the English version published by IEEE is the approved IEEE standard.

Official statements A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE SA Standards Board Operations Manual shall not be considered or inferred to be the official position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, nor be relied upon as, a formal position of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that the presenter’s views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position of IEEE, IEEE SA, the Standards Committee, or the Working Group.

Comments on standards Comments for revision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE or IEEE SA. However, IEEE does not provide interpretations, consulting information, or advice pertaining to IEEE Standards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Since IEEE standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important that any responses to comments and questions also receive the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its Societies and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to comments, or questions except in those cases where the matter has previously been addressed. For the same reason, IEEE does not respond to interpretation requests. Any person who would like to participate in evaluating comments or in revisions to an IEEE standard is welcome to join the relevant IEEE working group. You can indicate interest in a working group using the Interests tab in the Manage Profile & Interests area of the IEEE SA myProject system. An IEEE Account is needed to access the application. Comments on standards should be submitted using the Contact Us form.

Laws and regulations Users of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of any IEEE Standards document does not constitute compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so.

Data privacy Users of IEEE Standards documents should evaluate the standards for considerations of data privacy and data ownership in the context of assessing and using the standards in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

Copyrights IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under US and international copyright laws. They are made available by IEEE and are adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include

4

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to the documents.

Photocopies Subject to payment of the appropriate licensing fees, IEEE will grant users a limited, non-exclusive license to photocopy portions of any individual standard for company or organizational internal use or individual, noncommercial use only. To arrange for payment of licensing fees, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400; https://​www​.copyright​ .com/​. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.

Updating of IEEE Standards documents Users of IEEE Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least every 10 years. When a document is more than 10 years old and has not undergone a revision process, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE standard. In order to determine whether a given document is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit IEEE Xplore or contact IEEE. For more information about the IEEE SA or IEEE’s standards development process, visit the IEEE SA Website.

Errata Errata, if any, for all IEEE standards can be accessed on the IEEE SA Website. Search for standard number and year of approval to access the web page of the published standard. Errata links are located under the Additional Resources Details section. Errata are also available in IEEE Xplore. Users are encouraged to periodically check for errata.

Patents IEEE Standards are developed in compliance with the IEEE SA Patent Policy. Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE SA Website at https://​standards​.ieee​.org/​about/​sasb/​patcom/​patents​.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has not been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries

5

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association.

IMPORTANT NOTICE IEEE Standards do not guarantee or ensure safety, security, health, or environmental protection, or ensure against interference with or from other devices or networks. IEEE Standards development activities consider research and information presented to the standards development group in developing any safety recommendations. Other information about safety practices, changes in technology or technology implementation, or impact by peripheral systems also may be pertinent to safety considerations during implementation of the standard. Implementers and users of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all applicable laws and regulations.

6

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Participants At the time this IEEE standard was completed, the P48 Working Group had the following membership: William Taylor, Chair Aaron Norris, Vice Chair Brian Ayers Thomas Campbell David Crotty Michael Dyer

Ankur Gupta Jeffrey Helzer David Hughes David M. Jackson

Russell Kelly Vinod Lad Glenn Luzzi Bas van Besouw

The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. John Ainscough Saleman Alibhay William Bloethe Kenneth Bow Demetrio Bucaneg Jr. William Byrd Robert Christman Kurt Clemente David Crotty Gary Donner Donald Dunn Nadim Giotis Craig Goodwin Steven Graham Randall Groves Jeffrey Helzer Lauri Hiivala

Werner Hoelzl Sherif Kamel Robert Konnik Jim Kulchisky Chung-Yiu Lam Benjamin Lanz Glenn Luzzi Jeff Madden Arturo Maldonado William McBride William McDermid James Michalec Rachel Mosier Joe Nims Aaron Norris Howard Penrose

Christopher Petrola Benjamin Quak Lakshman Raut Johannes Rickmann Caryn Riley Bartien Sayogo Jerry Smith John Smith III Gary Smullin Gary Stoedter Peter Tirinzoni Nijam Uddin John Vergis Martin Von Herrmann Kenneth White Jian Yu Tiebin Zhao

When the IEEE SA Standards Board approved this standard on 30 January 2020, it had the following membership: Gary Hoffman, Chair Vacant Position, Vice Chair John D. Kulick, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Ted Burse Doug Edwards J.Travis Griffith Grace Gu Guido R. Hiertz Joseph L. Koepfinger* John D. Kulick

David J. Law Howard Li Dong Liu Kevin Lu Paul Nikolich Damir Novosel Jon Walter Rosdahl

Dorothy Stanley Mehmet Ulema Lei Wang Sha Wei Philip B. Winston Daidi Zhong Jingyi Zhou

*Member Emeritus

7

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 48™-2020, IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV.

This standard supersedes IEEE Std 48-2009, IEEE Standard Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations 2.5 kV through 765 kV. This standard has been harmonized with IEEE Std 404™-2012 [B22]1 to allow for simultaneous testing of terminations and joints. Definitions specific to this standard are contained in Clause 3 and Annex B. All other definitions and terminology used herein can be found in IEEE Standards Dictionary Online.2 In Clause 3 several definitions have been added: basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL), basic switching impulse insulation level (BSL), family of terminations, and insulation class. Clause 4, Service conditions, has been updated with an expanded temperature range. Clause 5, Rating, has been updated and simplified. Clause 6, Product markings, has been substantially rewritten. DC voltage design tests have been removed from 7.1. Family of terminations and range of approval requirements have been added to 7.1. In Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3, dc voltage tests have been eliminated. In Table 1, Note 13 has been added with respect to requirements for tubular terminations intended for application only within switchgear. Table 5 has been replaced with Figure 1 and Figure 2. Table 6 has been replaced with Figure 3 and Figure 4. Sublause 8.4.1.5, related to dc voltage testing, has been removed. The content of Clause 9 has been moved to IEEE Std 1637™ [B23]. Annex C has been added to retain information regarding dc voltage tests.

The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. IEEE Standards Dictionary Online is available at: http://​dictionary​.ieee​.org. An IEEE Account is required for access to the dictionary, and one can be created at no charge on the dictionary sign-in page. 1 2

8

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Contents 1. Overview��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 1.1 Scope�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 1.2  Word usage����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10 2.  Normative references�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 3.  Definitions������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 4.  Service conditions������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 4.1  Usual service conditions��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 12 4.2  Unusual service conditions����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 5. Rating�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 6.  Product markings�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 14 7.  Test requirements�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 7.1  Type tests�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 15 7.2  Routine tests��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 17 8.  Test procedures������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 18 8.1  Preparation of test specimen��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 8.2  Standard test conditions���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 18 8.3  Correction factors������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 26 8.4  Type tests�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 27 8.5  Routine tests��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 40 8.6  Electrical tests after installation���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 9.  Application guide�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 10.  Suggested environmental (weathering) tests������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 10.1  Solar radiation (ultraviolet [UV] light) testing��������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 41 10.2  Accelerated contamination testing���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 42 10.3  Multiple stress testing����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 42 Annex A (informative) Bibliography�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43 Annex B (informative) Glossary�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45 Annex C (informative) DC test voltage reference������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 46

9

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for AlternatingCurrent Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This standard covers all indoor and outdoor cable terminations used on alternating-current shielded cables having laminated insulation from 2.5 kV through 765 kV and extruded insulation rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV, except separable insulated connectors, which are covered by IEEE Std 386™-2016 [B18].3 Cable terminations and component parts shall be capable of withstanding the tests specified in this standard.

1.2  Word usage The word shall indicates mandatory requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the standard and from which no deviation is permitted (shall equals is required to).4, 5 The word should indicates that among several possibilities one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentioning or excluding others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required (should equals is recommended that). The word may is used to indicate a course of action permissible within the limits of the standard (may equals is permitted to). The word can is used for statements of possibility and capability, whether material, physical, or causal (can equals is able to). The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the bibliography in Annex A. The use of the word must is deprecated and cannot be used when stating mandatory requirements, must is used only to describe unavoidable situations. 5 The use of will is deprecated and cannot be used when stating mandatory requirements, will is only used in statements of fact. 3 4

10

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

2.  Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEC 60270, High-Voltage Test Techniques—Partial Discharge Measurements.6 IEEE Std 4™, IEEE Standard for High-Voltage Testing Techniques.7, 8 IEEE Std 82™, IEEE Standard Test Procedure for Impulse Voltage Tests on Insulated Conductors. IEEE Std 835™, IEEE Standard Power Cable Ampacity Tables.

3.  Definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary Online should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause. 9 The definitions and terminology used herein apply specifically to cable terminations treated in this standard. apparatus termination: A termination designed for use in sealed enclosures where the external dielectric strength depends on liquid or special gaseous dielectric, and where the ambient temperature of the medium immediately surrounding the termination may reach 65 °C. NOTE—The temperature change from 55 °C to 65 °C was recommended to match the switchgear specification of 65 °C. 10

BIL (basic lightning impulse insulation level): The crest value of a lightning impulse voltage of a specified wave shape that the high-voltage cable termination is required to withstand under specified conditions. BSL (basic switching impulse insulation level): The crest value of a switching impulse voltage of a specified wave shape that the high-voltage cable termination is required to withstand under specified conditions. family of terminations: A family of terminations shall consist of a group of terminations with the same design and rated for the same voltage. Being of the same design means that all the terminations in the family will consist of the same materials and stress control, have about the same electrical stress at the cable insulation shield step, have approximately the same hoop force at all minimum and maximum application diameters, and have similar creepage distances due to the same number of skirts and/or approximately the same tubular length. high-voltage cable termination: A device used for terminating power cables having laminated or extruded insulation rated 2.5 kV and above, which are classified according to the following: a)

Class 1 termination: Provides electric stress control for the cable insulation shield terminus; provides external insulation between the cable conductor(s) and ground; and provides a seal to the end of the

IEC publications are available from the International Electrotechnical Commission (http://​www​.iec​.ch) and the American National Standards Institute (http://​www​.ansi​.org/​). 7 IEEE publications are available from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (http://​standards​.ieee​.org/​). 8 The IEEE standards or products referred to in Clause 2 are trademarks owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. 9 IEEE Standards Dictionary Online is available at: http://​dictionary​.ieee​.org. An IEEE Account is required for access to the dictionary, and one can be created at no charge on the dictionary sign-in page. 10 Notes in text, tables, and figures of a standard are given for information only and do not contain requirements needed to implement this standard. 6

11

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

cable against the entrance of the external environment; and maintains the operating design pressure, if any, of the cable system. This class is divided into the following three types: 1) Class 1A: For use on extruded dielectric cable 2) Class 1B: For use on laminated dielectric cable 3) Class 1C: Expressly for pressurized cable systems b) Class 2 termination: Provides electric stress control for the cable insulation shield terminus, and provides external insulation between the cable conductor(s) and ground. c)

Class 3 termination: Provides electric stress control for the cable insulation shield terminus.

indoor termination—dry: A termination intended for use where it is protected from solar radiation and precipitation and not subject to periodic condensation, or other excessive humidity (90% relative humidity [RH] or more). May be installed in air-conditioned or heated areas. indoor termination—wet: A termination intended for use where it is protected from direct exposure to both solar radiation and precipitation, but is subjected to climatic conditions that can cause condensation onto the termination surfaces. These are Class 1A, 1B, or 1C terminations. insulation class: The nominal phase-to-phase operating voltage of a three-phase cable system where the device may be applied that reflects the associated design tests and impulse insulation levels. NOTE—High-voltage cable terminations may be applied on other than three-phase circuits if the rated maximum design voltage-to-ground is not exceeded.

outdoor termination: A termination intended for use where it is not protected from direct exposure to either solar radiation or precipitation. These are Class 1A, 1B, or 1C terminations. outdoor termination—polluted: A termination intended for use where it is not protected from direct exposure to either solar radiation or precipitation, and is exposed to nonstandard (unusual) service conditions such as extreme seacoast salt deposits, solid precipitates, etc. Often requires extra maintenance, such as washing or extra creepage length. termination insulator: An insulating housing used to protect each cable conductor passing through the device and provide complete external leakage insulation between the cable conductor(s) and ground. weathersheds: The external part of the termination insulator that protects the core and provides the wet electrical strength and leakage distance, also called skirts.

4.  Service conditions 4.1  Usual service conditions 4.1.1 Introduction Today’s cable termination designs are considered suitable for use under the following service conditions; however, it should be understood that this list was compiled based more on user and manufacturer experience than on specific requirements of this standard. It is not meant, in any way, to imply that any or all of these conditions are fully verified in this standard. For specific questions regarding these or other service conditions, the manufacturer should be consulted.

12

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

4.1.2  Physical conditions The following are normal conditions in which terminations would operate: a) Temperature. 1) The temperature of the medium in direct contact with the outside of the termination shall not be less than –40 °C, nor more than 65 °C. 2) For apparatus terminations, the temperature of the medium in direct contact with the termination (ambient inside enclosure) shall not exceed 65 °C. The devices designed for this service will be connected to the equipment bus, which may, at full load, reach a maximum temperature of 85 °C. b)

The altitude shall not exceed 1000 m (3300 ft) where atmospheric air is part of the thermal or dielectric system or both.

4.1.3  System conditions The nominal power system frequency is not less than 48 Hz nor more than 62 Hz.

4.2  Unusual service conditions 4.2.1  Unusual physical conditions The following service conditions may require special consideration in design or application of the cable terminations, and should be called to the attention of the manufacturer: a)

Temperature of the surrounding medium (ambient temperature) less than –40 °C or more than 65 °C.

b)

Altitude exceeding 1000 m (3300 ft) where atmospheric air is part of the thermal or dielectric system or both (see IEEE Std 1637™).

c)

Damaging fumes or vapors, excessive or abrasive dust, explosive mixtures of dust or gases, steam, salt spray, excessive moisture or dripping water, salt on roadways, etc.

d)

Unusual mechanical conditions such as vibration, shock, cantilever loading, wind loading, icing, etc.

e)

Unusual transportation or storage conditions.

f)

Unusual space limitations.

g)

Unusual internal pressures.

h)

Unusual maintenance difficulties.

i)

Service conditions not specified in 4.1.2.

4.2.2  Unusual system conditions Nominal power system frequency less than 48 Hz or more than 62 Hz.

5. Rating The rating of a high-voltage cable termination shall include the following items, where applicable: a) Maximum design voltage-to-ground. The maximum steady-state voltage-to-ground at which the high-voltage cable termination is designed to operate continuously under normal conditions.

13

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

NOTE—It is not intended that this maximum voltage limit be applied to transient overvoltages or unusual service operating conditions where the system voltage may exceed these values for only short periods of time.

b)

Rated internal pressure. The nominal internal pressure for which the termination is designed to operate when this pressure is greater than one atmosphere absolute under standard conditions.

NOTE—Regarding continuous current rating (ampacity), the application of various types of cable terminations requires engineering consideration as to the ampacity of the completed installation. A cable termination by itself cannot be assigned a design or nominal current or ampacity rating since this parameter completely depends on the type and material of the cable conductor, the thickness and type of cable insulation, the maximum allowable cable conductor temperature for the type of cable insulation involved, and the anticipated maximum ambient temperature of the medium surrounding the cable termination.

IEEE Std 835™ will indicate the wide range of ampacities permitted under the various conditions anticipated in service with different voltage ratings and maximum cable conductor temperature limitations.11 Class 1 and 2 terminations on high-voltage cables require the addition of insulating materials for dielectric purposes, which may change the thermal resistance heat flow from the cable conductor to the surrounding air or other medium. The types and amounts of dielectric or other materials are generally a function of the type of cable being terminated, the insulation class, the range of cable sizes that can be accommodated, and operating service conditions. The supplier of cable terminating devices or material should be consulted for the ampacity of the design for the intended application with a specific type and size of cable. It is recommended that the ampacity of the cable termination (barring any other terminating material limitation) be equal to or greater than the cable ampacity at conductor rated temperature established for the particular cable insulation involved.

6.  Product markings Manufacturers shall supply a permanent label, packaged with the termination, which can be attached to the termination upon installation. The label shall be resistant to solar radiation and environmental weathering such that it will last a minimum of 40 years. The label shall contain the following information: a)

Manufacturer’s name and/or logo

b)

Part number

c)

Date of manufacture (month and year) and/or date code

Logic for the above: It is not practical to mold this information into the termination body because tubular terminations are typically extruded (not molded) and the tubes are used on several voltage classes of terminations. The molded skirts are also typically used on more than one voltage class of terminations. For example, a four-skirt molded part can be used for a 15 kV rated termination, but two of the same part can be combined together to make an eight-skirt 35 kV termination. In addition to items a), b), and c), the following information shall be contained on at least one of the following: the termination, the termination components, the termination label described above, or the packaging material: — “Use before” date and storage conditions, if applicable Information on references can be found in Clause 2.

11

14

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

— Maximum phase-to-phase or phase-to-ground voltage rating — Cable insulation diameter range The following additional information is suggested for termination packaging labels, where required/applicable or specified by the user: — Manufacturer’s name — Type — Designation number — Manufacturing date, or date code — Maximum and minimum cable conductor size — Basic lightning impulse insulation level (BIL) — Rated internal pressure (gauge)

7.  Test requirements 7.1  Type tests 7.1.1 Introduction Type tests are performed to qualify a particular product design, materials, and production process for the general purpose or application covered in this standard. Type tests shall be performed on final production units for the purpose of certifying that the process, as well as the materials and design, comply with the requirements of this standard. Once a product design is qualified to the type test requirements, quality is verified (or ensured), at a minimum, through the application of the production tests. To claim conformance to this standard, a cable termination manufacturer shall: a)

Qualify the particular termination design, including the specific termination insulating, stress control and conductive materials, and the manufacturers’ installation details, according to the type tests of Clause 7.

b)

Satisfactorily complete the testing sequences of the applicable flowcharts, Figure 1 through Figure 4.

c)

For all cable terminations designed for use on extruded dielectric cables rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV: 1) Satisfactorily complete the type test on a specific termination, or comply with a range of approval for a family of terminations. 2) To qualify a family of terminations, a minimum of two of the terminations in the family shall be tested. One termination shall be tested using the closest available cable to its minimum application diameter and one using the closest available cable to its maximum application diameter. The smallest available cable (insulation diameter) shall be used for the test closest to the minimum application diameter, and the largest available cable (insulation diameter) shall be used for the test closest to the maximum application diameter. If the same termination in the family is used to test both the minimum and maximum applications, then a second termination in the family shall also be tested at either application, so that at least two termination bodies in the family pass the qualification testing. For the environmental sealing portion of the test, if a lower voltage termination has the same application diameter range and has had its environmental seal tested, then that result can be used for this termination, otherwise, this termination shall be tested for the

15

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

environmental seal at the end of the electrical qualification test. If the above requirements are met, the family is qualified for all voltage classes less than or equal to the voltage class tested. NOTE 1—Logic for the above is that frequently, higher voltage rated terminations are used in highly contaminated areas in order to help ensure long life. For example, a typical 1/0 AWG 35 kV cable will have a typical insulation diameter of 1.10 in or more, whereas a small 35 kV rated termination may have an application diameter range of 0.72 in to 1.29 in, which means if the smallest termination in the family was used for the test, the cable would be closer to the top of the application range instead of close to the lower end of the range. The same type of issue can occur on the largest termination. So the above provides latitude for the manufacturers to meet the intent of the standard, while not necessarily testing the smallest or largest terminations in the family. NOTE 2—Terminations shall be tested on cables with 100% insulation level, as defined in AEIC CS8‑13. For application to cables with less than 100% insulation level, as defined in AEIC CS8‑13, consult the manufacturer. Terminations qualified at a given cable insulation level shall qualify application on all higher cable insulation levels for a given termination insulation class.

d)

For cable terminations designed for use on cables rated 69 kV to 500 kV, two terminations of each type shall be qualified and the user should consult the manufacturer for applicability of the design test report data as it pertains to the specific application.

e)

Perform the routine tests according to the requirements of 7.2.

7.1.2  Dielectric tests The following dielectric tests are an integral part of the qualification testing process. See NOTE 9 and NOTE 11 of Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3, and 4.1. a)

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand test in accordance with 8.4.2.2 (all classes), and the values specified in one of the following: 1) Table 1, column 4, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV 2) Table 2, column 4, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV 3) Table 3, column 3, for laminated dielectric cable terminations

b)

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand test in accordance with 8.4.2.3, and the values specified in one of the following: 1) Table 1, column 5, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV 2) Table 2, column 5, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV 3) Table 3, column 4, for laminated dielectric cable terminations

This test is made on outdoor terminations only. c)

AC voltage 5 h or 6 h dry withstand test in accordance with 8.4.2.7 (all classes), and the values specified in one of the following: 1) Table 1, column 10, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV 2) Table 2, column 9, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV 3) Table 3, column 5, for laminated dielectric cable terminations

d)

Partial discharge test for extruded dielectric cable terminations in accordance with 8.4.2.1, and the value listed in column 3 of Table 1 or Table 2.

16

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

e)

Ionization factor measurements are to be used for laminated dielectric cable terminations in accordance with Figure 3, Figure 4, Table 6, and 8.4.2.9.

f)

Radio influence voltage (RIV) testing in accordance with 8.4.2.10. The test voltage shall be raised to at least 120% of the value listed in column 3 of Table 1 or Table 2, or at least 120% of the value listed in column 2 of Table 3. This test is used if the termination is for use on laminated cable (all classes), or if there is a question on external metallic hardware affecting the RIV if the termination is for use on any other cable (all classes).

g) Lightning impulse voltage withstand test in accordance with 8.4.2.6 (all classes), and the values specified in one of the following (see note below for additional information): 1) Table 1, column 6 (or column 7 for indoor tubular terminations), for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV 2) Table 2, column 6, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV 3) Table 3, column 9, for laminated dielectric cable terminations NOTE—Some terminations, especially above 15 kV, may not meet impulse requirements in column 6 of Table 1 or Table 2, or column 9 of Table 3—usually because of inadequate creepage length. If so, actual values are agreed upon by manufacturer and user, but shall meet the BIL of the equipment connected to the termination.

h)

Wet (or dry) switching impulse voltage withstand test (if applicable) in accordance with 8.4.2.11 (all classes), and the values specified in one of the following: 1) Table 2, column 12, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV 2) Table 3, column 10, for laminated dielectric cable terminations

i) See Annex C for dc test information that is no longer required. j)

Cyclic aging test in accordance with 8.4.3 (all classes), and the values specified in one of the following: 1) Table 1, column 8, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV 2) Table 2, column 7, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV 3) Table 3, column 6, for laminated dielectric cable terminations

k)

AC 5 min or 15 min dry withstand test in accordance with 8.4.2.8, and the values specified in one of the following: 1) Table 1, column 9 for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV 2) Table 2, column 8 for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV

7.1.3  Leak tests All Class 1 terminations shall be leak tested in accordance with 8.4.4 as follows: a)

Fluid-filled terminations tested in accordance with 8.4.4.2

b)

Non-fluid-filled terminations tested in accordance with 8.4.4.3

7.2  Routine tests NOTE—Because of the variety of termination designs and materials, especially with polymeric terminations, each manufacturer generally specifies and performs its own particular routine and quality assurance tests. It is impractical to establish standard routine tests that will be applicable to every situation. Therefore, other routine tests may be performed as agreed upon by the manufacturer and user in addition to those listed herewith.

17

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

The following are common routine tests: a)

Dielectric tests: See NOTE 9 of Table 1 or Table 2. A dielectric test on the termination insulator in accordance with 8.5.1 (all classes).

b)

Partial discharge tests: As an option, partial discharge tests in accordance with 7.1.2 item d) can be used. See NOTE 10 of Table 1 or Table 2. NOTE—The following leak test applies only to factory-manufactured termination insulators. Termination insulators fabricated on the cable in the field cannot be given this test.

c)

Leak tests: A leak test on all pressure-tight parts and factory-assembled seals in accordance with 8.5.2 (Class 1C).

8.  Test procedures 8.1  Preparation of test specimen The test specimen shall comply with the following requirements as specified in 8.4 through 8.6: a)

It shall be clean and dry.

b)

Assembly of the specimens shall comply with item c) in 7.1. It shall be assembled with cable of the type for which the high-voltage cable termination is designed, filled (as applicable) with the grade and quantity of materials specified by the manufacturer, and assembled with any electric stress-controlling features such as stress-relief cones, etc., in the manner specified by the manufacturer. For production tests, a mandrel with insulation having the same physical and electrical characteristics as that used on the cable may be substituted for cable, and the test assembly shall include the standard types of external connectors (aerial lugs). NOTE—It is recommended that pre-molded terminations that depend on maximum and minimum cable insulation diameters for sizing should be tested using the minimum cable insulation diameter and maximum conductor size.

c)

It shall be completely assembled. High-voltage cable terminations incorporating gland-type entrances shall be assembled with a mandrel so that the cable seal is made by compressing the gland-sealing material against the mandrel.

d)

It shall be mounted in a manner determined by the manufacturer, who shall consider typical service conditions. All details of the test mounting shall be recorded and shall be available upon request.

e)

It shall have the high-voltage test connection leave the terminal of the high-voltage cable termination in a direction approximately parallel to the axis of the device for a distance of not less than the dry arcing distance over the insulator. No other object, except the supporting structure, shall be close enough to the device to appreciably affect the test results.

f)

It shall be completely assembled with its own metal parts and have provision for admitting air or other medium to the interior (if liquid medium is used) and provisions for measuring internal pressure during the test, if possible. Units that are intended to operate with internal pressure, whether such pressure is from the cable system or a separate source, shall be tested at the minimum pressure under which the cable system or terminal would be expected to operate in actual service.

8.2  Standard test conditions 8.2.1  Atmospheric and precipitation conditions The standard atmospheric and precipitation conditions are given in Table 4.

18

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Nominal voltage-toground (kV rms) (NOTE 12)

Column 2

1.4

2.9

4.6

8.7

14.4

Column 1

2.5

5

8

15

25

22

13

7

5

2

Column 3

Minimum partial discharge voltage level (kV rms) (NOTE 10)

65

50

35

25

20

Column 4

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (kV rms)

60

45

30

25

20

Column 5

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand (kV rms) (NOTE 3)

150

110

95

75

60

Column 6

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest) (NOTE 4)

125

95

—

—

—

Column 7

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest) indoor rated tubular type (NOTE 13)

43

26

14

9

4

Column 8

Cyclic aging (kV rms)

65

39

21

13

6

Column 9

AC voltage 5 min withstand (kV rms)

50

31

16

10

5

Column 10

AC voltage 5 h dry withstand (kV rms)

Table continues

52

35

23

18

9

Column 11

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (terminations and joints) (kV rms)

Table 1—Standard dielectric test values for medium-voltage extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV

Insulation class (kV) (NOTE 11)

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved.

19

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

20.2

26.6

35

46

40

30

Minimum partial discharge voltage level (kV rms) (NOTE 10)

120

90

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (kV rms)

100

80

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand (kV rms) (NOTE 3)

250

200

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest) (NOTE 4)

—

150

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest) indoor rated tubular type (NOTE 13) 67

61

Cyclic aging (kV rms)

100

91

AC voltage 5 min withstand (kV rms)

80

71

AC voltage 5 h dry withstand (kV rms)

80

69

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (terminations and joints) (kV rms)

NOTE 13—Indoor rated, tubular-type terminations intended for application only within switchgear need only meet the lighting impulse (BIL) rating of the switchgear.

NOTE 12—For grounded systems.

NOTE 11—For use with 100% insulation level. Use cables with the thinnest insulation as defined in AEIC CS8-13 [B5]. To obtain test values for voltage classes that are not listed, use linear interpolation between the two closest listed values and round off to the nearest whole kilovolt.

NOTE 10—The minimum detector sensitivity is 5.0 pC.

NOTE 9—Certain types of resistance or capacitance graded cable terminations are sensitive to prolonged overvoltage testing and may not be able to withstand some of the tests, although they are perfectly satisfactory for service. In such cases, the manufacturer specifies and performs such other special tests as agreed upon by the user.

NOTE 8—When a termination is assembled with cable for its dielectric test in the equipment or in the apparatus in which it will operate, the applied test voltage is determined by the tests required for the equipment or apparatus if these voltages are lower than the values listed in the table.

NOTE 7—When the dielectric strength of the cable termination depends on taping or the use of auxiliary insulation, such insulation is used for any type tests.

NOTE 6—The values in this table are for general use. It is recognized that cable terminations of higher or lower insulation class or BIL may be used where conditions warrant and when specified and agreed upon.

NOTE 5—On assembled multiple conductor cable terminations, the tests are made between each conductor and ground with the terminals on adjacent conductors grounded.

NOTE 4—The required lightning and switching impulse values are met with both positive and negative polarity tests.

NOTE 3—Indoor cable terminations are not subjected to the ac voltage 10 s wet withstand test and the wet (dry) switching impulse (basic switching impulse insulation level [BSL]) voltage withstand test. Indoor cable terminations shall be tested at three times phase-to-ground voltage.

NOTE 2—All withstand values are test voltages without negative tolerance but may include an atmospheric correction factor.

NOTE 1—Power frequency includes any frequency from 48 Hz to 62 Hz.

Nominal voltage-toground (kV rms) (NOTE 12)

Insulation class (kV) (NOTE 11)

Table 1—Standard dielectric test values for medium-voltage extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV (continued)

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved.

20

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

93.0

132.8

161

230

100

66.4

79.9

115

39.8

69

138

60

Column 2

Column 1

200

140

120

Column 3

Nominal voltage-toground (kV rms) (NOTE 12)

Insulation class (kV) (NOTE 11)

Minimum partial discharge voltage level (kV rms) (NOTE 10)

460

365

310

230

175

Column 4

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (kV rms)

445

315

275

230

145

Column 5

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand (kV rms) (NOTE 3)

1050

750

650

550

350

Column 6

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest)

265.6

186.0

159.8

132.8

79.6

Column 7

Cyclic aging (kV rms)

400

280

240

200

120

Column 8

AC voltage 15 min withstand (kV rms)

332

232

200

166

100

Column 9

AC voltage 6 h dry withstand (kV rms)

Table continues

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Column 11

Wet (dry) switching impulse (BSL) voltage withstand (kV crest) (NOTE 3 and NOTE 4)

Table 2—Standard dielectric tests values for high-voltage extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved.

21

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

199.2

288.7

345

500

435

300

Minimum partial discharge voltage level (kV rms) (NOTE 10) —

—

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (kV rms)

1550

1300

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest) 577.4

398.4

Cyclic aging (kV rms)

725

500

AC voltage 6 h dry withstand (kV rms)

1175

1050

Wet (dry) switching impulse (BSL) voltage withstand (kV crest) (NOTE 3 and NOTE 4)

NOTE 12—For grounded systems.

NOTE 11—For use with 100% insulation level. Use cables with the thinnest cable insulation as defined in AEIC CS9-15 [B6]. To obtain test values for voltage classes that are not listed, use linear interpolation between the two closest listed values and round off to the nearest whole kilovolt.

NOTE 10—The minimum detector sensitivity is 5.0 pC.

NOTE 9—Certain types of resistance or capacitance graded cable terminations are sensitive to prolonged overvoltage testing and may not be able to withstand some of the tests, although they are perfectly satisfactory for service. In such cases, the manufacturer specifies and performs such other special tests as agreed upon by the user.

NOTE 8—When a cable termination is assembled with cable for its dielectric test in the equipment or in the apparatus in which it will operate, the applied test voltage is determined by the tests required for the equipment or apparatus if these voltages are lower than the values listed in the table.

NOTE 7—When the dielectric strength of the cable termination depends on taping or the use of auxiliary insulation, such insulation is used for any type tests.

NOTE 6—The values in this table are for general use. It is recognized that cable terminations of higher or lower insulation class or BIL may be used where conditions warrant and when specified and agreed upon.

NOTE 5—On assembled multiple conductor cable terminations, the tests are made between each conductor and ground with the terminals on adjacent conductors grounded.

NOTE 4—The required lightning and switching impulse values are met with both positive and negative polarity tests.

NOTE 3—Indoor cable terminations are not subjected to the ac voltage 10 s wet withstand test and the wet (dry) switching impulse (BSL) voltage withstand test. Indoor cable terminations are tested at three times phase-to-ground voltage. Indoor terminations rated 345 kV and higher will withstand dry switching impulse voltage (column 12). Outdoor terminations rated 345 kV and higher will withstand wet switching impulse voltage (column 12). The BSL voltage test for outdoor terminations 345 kV and higher are performed in lieu of a 10 s wet ac voltage withstand test.

870

600

AC voltage 15 min withstand (kV rms)

NOTE 2—All withstand values are test voltages without negative tolerance but may include an atmospheric correction factor.

—

—

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand (kV rms) (NOTE 3)

NOTE 1—Power frequency includes any frequency from 48 Hz to 62 Hz.

Nominal voltage-toground (kV rms) (NOTE 12)

Insulation class (kV) (NOTE 11)

Table 2—Standard dielectric tests values for high-voltage extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV (continued)

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved.

22

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

93.0

132.8

132.8

161

230

230

66.4

53.4

92.5

79.7

39.8

69

115

26.6

46

138

14.4

20.2

25

15

35

5.0

8.7

8.7

1.4

2.9

5

Column 2

Column 1

2.5

Nominal voltageto-ground (kV rms) (NOTE 11)

Insulation class (kV) (NOTE 10)

460

390

365

310

230

205

175

120

90

65

50

35

25

20

Column 3

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (kV rms)

445

380

315

275

230

190

145

100

80

60

45

30

25

20

Column 4

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand (kV rms) (NOTE 3)

320

320

250

210

190

160

120

100

75

55

35

25

15

10

Column 5

AC voltage 6 h dry withstand (kV rms)

265

265

186

160

140

133

80

53

40

29

17

10

6

3

Column 6

Cyclic aging (kV rms)

500

500

500

500

450

400

300

200

150

100

50

50

50

50

Column 7

Radio influence voltage (RIV) (µV )

See Figure 3, Figure 4, Table 6, and 8.4.2.9.

Column 8

Ionization factor (all voltage classes) (%)

1050

900

750

650

550

450

350

250

200

150

110

95

75

60

Column 9

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest)  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table continues

Column 10

Wet (dry) switching impulse (BSL) voltage withstand (kV crest) (NOTE 3)

Table 3—Standard dielectric tests for aminated dielectric cable terminations assembled and ready for service

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved.

23

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

441.7

441.7

765

288.7

500

288.7

288.7

500

765

199.2

345

500

199.2

345

288.7

199.2

345

500

Nominal voltageto-ground (kV rms) (NOTE 11)

Insulation class (kV) (NOTE 10)

1300

1300

750

750

690

575

575

575

520

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (kV rms)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand (kV rms) (NOTE 3)

755

755

575

575

440

440

440

440

440

AC voltage 6 h dry withstand (kV rms)

663

663

435

435

435

435

300

300

300

Cyclic aging (kV rms)

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

Radio influence voltage (RIV) (µV )  

Ionization factor (all voltage classes) (%)

2175

2075

1675

1675

1550

1300

1300

1300

1175

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest)

Table continues

1505

1435

1175

1110

1050

(1100)

900

825

(900)

Wet (dry) switching impulse (BSL) voltage withstand (kV crest) (NOTE 3)

Table 3—Standard dielectric tests for aminated dielectric cable terminations assembled and ready for service (continued)

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved.

24

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

Nominal voltageto-ground (kV rms) (NOTE 11)

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand (kV rms)

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand (kV rms) (NOTE 3) AC voltage 6 h dry withstand (kV rms) Cyclic aging (kV rms)

Radio influence voltage (RIV) (µV )

Ionization factor (all voltage classes) (%)

Lightning impulse (BIL) voltage withstand (kV crest)

Wet (dry) switching impulse (BSL) voltage withstand (kV crest) (NOTE 3)

For grounded systems.

NOTE 10—For use with 100% insulation cable as defined in AEIC CS1-12 [B1]. To obtain test values for voltage classes that are not listed, use linear interpolation between the two closet listed values and round off to the nearest whole kilovolt.

NOTE 9—Certain types of resistance or capacitance graded cable terminations are sensitive to prolonged overvoltage testing and may not be able to withstand some of the tests, although they are perfectly satisfactory for service. In such cases, the manufacturer specifies and performs such other special tests as agreed upon by the user.

NOTE 8—When a cable termination is assembled with cable for its dielectric test in the equipment or in the apparatus in which it will operate, the applied test voltage is determined by the tests required for the equipment or apparatus if these voltages are lower than the values listed in the table.

NOTE 7—When the dielectric strength of the cable termination depends on taping or the use of auxiliary insulation, such insulation is used for any type tests.

NOTE 6—The values in this table are for general use. It is recognized that cable terminations of higher or lower insulation class or BIL may be used where conditions warrant and when specified and agreed upon.

NOTE 5—On assembled multiple conductor cable terminations, the tests are made between each conductor and ground with the terminals on adjacent conductors grounded.

NOTE 4—The required lightning and switching impulse values are met with both positive and negative polarity tests.

NOTE 3—Indoor cable terminations are not subjected to the ac voltage 10 s ac and BSL wet tests. Indoor terminations, 230 kV and less, to be tested at three times phase-to-ground voltage. Indoor terminations rated 345 kV and higher will withstand dry switching impulse voltage (column 10). Outdoor terminations rated 345 kV and higher will withstand wet switching impulse voltage (column 10). The BSL voltage test for outdoor terminations 345 kV and higher are performed in lieu of 10 s ac voltage withstand test.

NOTE 2—All withstand values are test voltages without negative tolerance but may include an atmospheric correction factor.

NOTE 1—Power frequency includes any frequency from 48 Hz to 62 Hz.

Insulation class (kV) (NOTE 10)

Table 3—Standard dielectric tests for aminated dielectric cable terminations assembled and ready for service (continued)

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved.

25

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Table 4—Standard atmospheric and precipitation conditions Standard test procedure

Conventional procedure practice in the United States

Standard or conventional procedure (English units)

20 °C

20 °C

68 °F

Barometric pressure

101.3 kPa

760 mm Hg

29.92 in Hg

Humidity

11 g/m3 (see 8.3)

11 g/m3 (see 8.3)

6.867 × 10–4 lb/ft3

Average precipitation rate for all measurements (vertical and horizontal components)

1.0 mm/min to 1.5 mm/min

5 mm/min ± 0.5 mm/min

—

Limits for any individual measurement (vertical or horizontal component)

0.5 mm/min to 2.0 mm/min

—

—

Ambient temperature ±15 °C

Ambient temperature ± 15 °C

—

—

—

—

100 Ω˙m ± 15 Ω˙m

178 Ω˙m ± 27 Ω m

—

Precipitation conditions (IEEE Std 4™-1995, Table 3) Air temperature

Temperature of collected water Air temperature at the time of the test shall be between 10 °C and 40 °C (50 °F and 104 °F) Resistivity of collected water corrected to 20 °C (see NOTE)

NOTE—For switching impulses, if the prescribed water resistivity cannot be obtained, a lower value may be used, but the actual value is stated in the test report. For correction of water resistivity to 20 °C, refer to IEEE Std 4.

Where test conditions differ from those above, suitable corrections shall be made as outlined in 8.3. 8.2.2  Cable conductor temperature requirements during tests All tests shall be run with the cable conductor at ambient temperature except for the lightning impulse voltage withstand test at elevated temperature and the cyclic aging test. 8.2.3  Rate of voltage application for voltage tests If not otherwise specified, the initial voltage shall not be greater than 20% of the test voltage. The applied voltage may be quickly raised to 75% of the test value. The continued rate of voltage increase shall be such that the time to reach the required test voltage shall be between 15 s and 30 s after 75% value has been reached. 8.2.4  Duration of voltage application The required voltage shall be held for the specified time (Table 1, Table 2, or Table 3) after the full value has been reached. 8.2.5  Testing equipment and voltage measurements The character of the test equipment and the method of measuring voltage shall conform to IEEE Std 4.

8.3  Correction factors Correction factors are used to either adjust measured voltages to standard conditions or to adjust voltage test requirements at standard conditions to the atmospheric conditions that exist at the time a test is performed. The use of correction factors provides a consistent basis for evaluation. Correction factors for temperature, air density, and humidity per latest edition of IEEE Std 4 (see 13.2 in the 2013 edition), shall be applied for tests that could result in disruptive discharge through air when the test

26

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

conditions vary from the standard test conditions defined in 8.2.1. All three correction factors apply to the tests defined in 8.4.2.2, 8.4.2.4 through 8.4.2.8, and 8.4.2.11 for dry testing only. The impulse voltage correction factors defined in the latest edition of IEEE Std 4 shall be applied to the dry switching impulse voltage test defined in 8.4.2.11. For the wet testing defined in 8.4.2.3, the temperature and air density correction factors apply, but no humidity correction factor. Refer to the latest edition of IEEE Std 4 for the appropriate equations, charts, and graphs for determining each correction factor and how it is applied. Subclauses 8.4.2.11, 8.4.2.9, and 8.4.2.10 are tests for internal insulation systems within the termination. No correction factors apply to the tests defined in these three clauses. All data and the edition of IEEE Std 4 used in determining correction factors shall be recorded.

8.4  Type tests 8.4.1 Introduction Type tests for extruded dielectric cable terminations are summarized in Figure 1 and Figure 2. Type tests for laminated dielectric cable terminations are summarized in Figure 3 and Figure 4. IEEE Std 48-2020 has been harmonized with IEEE Std 404™-2012 [B22] both for extruded and laminated cables. It also allows for the simultaneous type tests of joints and terminations for extruded cables. When simultaneous qualification is desired, the terminations should be installed on the cable first. With just the terminations on the cable, the first three tests in Figure 1 or Figure 2 shall be performed: a)

Partial discharge test

b)

AC voltage 1 min dry withstand test

c)

AC voltage 10 s wet withstand test

After performing these tests, the joints may be added to the test loops according to the test requirements outlined in IEEE Std 404-2012. The tests outlined in the flowcharts in Figure 1 or Figure 2 shall be performed. This test sequence and test values are the same as those indicated in IEEE Std 404-2012. For a set of terminations and joints that have passed this test sequence, the terminations will be considered qualified under IEEE Std 48-2020 and the joints qualified under IEEE Std 404-2012. It should be noted that IEEE Std 404-2012 specifies additional test requirements for some joint types. These tests shall be performed as appropriate.

27

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Figure 1—Flowchart of type tests for extruded dielectric cable terminations 2.5 kV to 46 V, sequence for Class 1A, 1C, 2, and 3

28

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Figure 2—Flowchart of type tests for extruded dielectric cable terminations 69 kV to 500 kV, sequences for Class 1A, 1C, 2, and 3

29

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Figure 3—Flowchart of type tests for laminar dielectric cable terminations 2.5 kV to 46 kV, sequences for Class 1B and 1C

30

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Figure 4—Flowchart of type tests for laminar dielectric cable terminations 69 kV to 500 kV, sequences for Class 1B and 1C 8.4.2  Dielectric tests 8.4.2.1  Partial discharge test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and IEC 60270.

31

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

The partial discharge detecting apparatus shall be adjusted to have a sensitivity that will permit detection of discharge pulses of 5.0 pC or less. The test voltage shall be raised to at least 120% of the value listed in column 3 of Table 1 or Table 2. If the partial discharge is less than 5.0 pC, the sample passes the test. If partial discharge exceeds 5.0 pC, the test voltage shall be lowered to the value listed in column 3 and shall be maintained at this level for at least 3 s but not more than 60 s. The test specimen shall have successfully passed the test if the partial discharge level does not exceed 5.0 pC during the 3 s to 60 s time period. NOTE—Some cables may indicate a partial discharge extinction voltage lower than that specified in column 3 of Table 1 or Table 2. In such cases, another type of cable or equivalent insulated test mandrel may be substituted for noisy cable to determine the true characteristics of the termination under test.

8.4.2.2  AC voltage 1 min dry withstand test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and the values specified in one of the following: a)

Table 1, column 11, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV

b)

Table 2, column 4, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV

c)

Table 3, column 3, for laminated dielectric cable terminations

If the test specimen withstands the specified test voltage for the specified time, it shall be considered as having passed the test. If flashover occurs, the test shall be repeated. If the repeat test also results in flashover or other dielectric breakdown, the test specimen shall be considered as having failed. If the specimen passes the repeat test, the test specimen shall be considered as having passed the test. 8.4.2.3  AC voltage 10 s wet withstand test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and the values specified in one of the following: a)

Table 1, column 5, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV

b)

Table 2, column 5, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV

c)

Table 3, column 4, for laminated dielectric cable terminations

This test is required on outdoor terminations only. Wet tests shall be made in accordance with IEEE Std 4‑1995, Table 3, conventional procedure—practice in United States for 10 s (preferred) or the standard test procedure for 60 s. The method chosen shall be identified in reporting results. This test is not required if the wet switching impulse withstand test is performed (345 kV and above). If the test specimen withstands the specified test voltage for the specified time, it shall be considered as having passed the test. If flashover occurs, the test shall be repeated. If the repeat test also results in flashover or other dielectric breakdown, the test specimen shall be considered as having failed. If the specimen passes the repeat test, the test specimen shall be considered as having passed the test. 8.4.2.4  AC voltage 1 min dry withstand test (applicable only for terminations for extruded cables 2.5 kV to 46 kV when tested in conjunction with joints) The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and column 4 of Table 1. The test voltage shall be raised at a rate of 5 kV/s ± 3 kV/s to the value specified in column 4 of Table 1. If the test specimen withstands the specified test voltage for the specified time, it shall be considered as having passed the test. If flashover occurs, the test shall be repeated. If the repeat test also results in flashover or other dielectric breakdown, the test specimen shall be considered

32

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

as having failed. If the specimen passes the repeat test, the test specimen shall be considered as having passed the test. 8.4.2.5  DC voltage 15 min dry withstand test Refer to Annex C. 8.4.2.6  Lightning impulse voltage withstand test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and the values specified in one of the following: a)

Table 1, column 6, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV

b)

Table 2, column 6, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV

c)

Table 3, column 9, for laminated dielectric cable terminations NOTE 1—A nominal 1.2 × 50 µs wave, both positive and negative, shall be used. The characteristics of the impulse wave shall conform to the requirements contained in IEEE Std 4, except that the virtual front time shall not exceed 5 µs in the cases where the capacitance of the test piece is such as to prevent attainment of requirement. The test procedure (including sample conditioning) shall be as specified in IEEE Std 82™. NOTE 2—Ten consecutive impulses at each polarity shall be applied to the test specimen with the conductor temperature of the cable at ambient temperature, and then again with the cables at elevated temperature. The elevated temperature is based on the maximum emergency operating conductor temperature of the cable. The cable emergency operating temperature shall be determined by reference to the applicable standard (see Table 5). If a flashover or other dielectric breakdown does not occur, the test specimen shall be considered as having passed the test. If two or more of the applied impulse waves cause flashover, the specimen shall be considered as having failed. If one of the applied impulses causes flashover, ten additional impulses shall be applied. If flashover or other dielectric breakdown does not occur, the specimen shall be considered as having passed the test.

Table 5—Reference cable standards for temperature requirements Cable type

Standard

1.0 kV to 69 kV paper-insulated metallic-sheathed

AEIC CS1-12 [B1]

69 kV to 500 kV high-pressure pipe type

AEIC CS2-14 [B2]

8 kV to 46 kV low-pressure gas-filled

AEIC CS3-16 [B3]

15 kV to 500 kV self-contained

AEIC CS4-18 [B4]

5 kV to 46 kV extruded ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) and cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)

AEIC CS8-13 [B5]

Above 46 kV through 345 kV ac

AEIC CS9-15 [B6]

> 46 kV EPR and XLPE

ANSI/ICEA S-108-720-2018 [B9]

NOTE—When a specimen is tested with a unidirectional impulse, the insulation under test sometimes becomes polarized. It is suggested, therefore, that each set of impulses with a given polarity be preceded by impulses of that polarity at approximately 50%, 65%, and 80% of the required value in Table 1, Table 2, or Table 3. This procedure will neutralize the polarization effects of any previous tests. Refer to IEEE Std 82.

8.4.2.7  AC voltage 5 h or 6 h dry withstand test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and the values specified in one of the following: a)

Table 1, column 10, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV

33

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

b)

Table 2, column 9, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV

c)

Table 3, column 5, for laminated dielectric cable terminations

If the test specimen withstands the specified test voltage for the specified time, it shall be considered as having passed the test. If the test is interrupted, the total duration of voltage application shall be increased by twice the duration of each interruption. 8.4.2.8  AC voltage 5 min or 15 min dry withstand test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and the values specified in one of the following: a)

Table 1, column 9, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV

b)

Table 2, column 8, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV

If the test specimen withstands the specified test voltage for the specified time, it shall be considered as having passed the test. If flashover occurs, the test shall be repeated. If the repeat test also results in flashover or other dielectric breakdown, the test specimen shall be considered as having failed. If the specimen passes the repeat test, the test specimen shall be considered as having passed the test. 8.4.2.9  Ionization factor test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and Table 6. Table 6—Maximum allowable ionization factor values for laminated dielectric cable terminations Cable type

Rated voltage (kV)

Maximum ionization factor (%)

Class 1B terminations impregnated-paper-insulated cables solid type PILC

15 to 20

0.6

21 to 34

0.4

35 to 45

0.2

46 to 69

0.2

Class 1C terminations High-pressure Low-pressure, gas-filled (at 0.70 kg/cm gage) 2

Low- and medium-pressure, liquid-filled

69 to 161

0.1

162 to 765

0.05

10 to 29

0.4

30 to 46

0.2

15 to 161

0.1

230

0.1

345 to 500

0.1

The ionization factor is the difference, at 60 Hz, between the percent dielectric power factor measured at an average stress of 393.7 V/cm and the percent dielectric power factor measured at an average stress of 20 V/mil. The measurement voltage is based on the insulation thickness of the laminated cable. The measurement shall be made at 25 °C ± 5 °C.

34

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

8.4.2.10  Radio influence voltage test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and IEC 60270. The applied test voltage shall be the maximum design voltage-to-ground indicated in column 3 of Table 1 or Table 2 or column 2 of Table 3. The test specimen shall have successfully passed the test if the RIV does not exceed the values specified (measured at 1 MHz) in Table 3, column 7 for laminated dielectric cable terminations. 8.4.2.11  Wet switching impulse voltage withstand test The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and column 11 of Table 2 or column 10 of Table 3. This test is required on certain classes of terminations only (see following NOTE), under wet test conditions as defined in IEEE Std 4‑1995, Table 3, standard test procedure. a)

A nominal 250 µs × 2500 µs wave, both positive and negative, shall be used.

b)

Ten consecutive impulses at each polarity shall be applied to the test specimen. If a flashover or other dielectric breakdown does not occur, the test specimen shall be considered as having passed the test. If two or more of the applied impulse waves cause flashover, the specimen shall be considered as having failed. If one of the applied impulses causes flashover, ten additional impulses shall be applied. If flashover or other dielectric breakdown does not occur, the specimen shall be considered as having passed the test.

NOTE—This test applies to cable terminations rated 345 kV and higher only, and is used in lieu of the power frequency voltage 10 s wet withstand test (see Table 2 and Table 3). In the case where the cable termination is classified as an indoor type (see Clause 3), a switching impulse test is made, dry. The test values are referred to in column 12 of Table 2 and column 10 of Table 3 in brackets.

8.4.3  Cyclic aging test Cyclic aging test specimens shall conform to the following: a)

The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f).

b)

Each test specimen shall be assembled as follows: 1) For single-phase terminations in insulation classes up to and including 46 kV, a total of four terminations shall be tested with two on one length of power cable and two on another. For singlephase terminations in insulation classes above 46 kV, a minimum of two terminations shall be tested with one on each end of a power cable. A minimum of 2 m (6 ft) of cable shall be used between terminations. See Figure 5. NOTE—A typical load cycle test circuit for single-phase terminations is shown in Figure 5. In this test setup, the loading current and the high voltage are applied with separate, independent power supplies. The metallic shield of each power cable is connected to a single grounding point to prevent current from circulating in the metallic shield of either cable.

2) For one piece, three-phase terminations, a total of two samples shall be tested on one length of power cable. A minimum of 2 m (6 ft) of cable shall be used between terminations. NOTE—A typical load cycle test circuit for three-phase terminations is shown in Figure 6. In this test setup, the phases are connected in a series loop to easily facilitate the circulation of current through the conductors. The loading current and the high voltage are applied with separate, independent power supplies. A test setup using three-phase power is also acceptable. The cable connecting the terminations may be three single-

35

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

conductor cables or one three-conductor cable. In either case, the metallic shield(s) is interrupted and single-point grounding is utilized to prevent circulating shield currents.

Figure 5—Single-phase terminations

Figure 6—One-piece three-phase terminations The test configurations, shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, are only examples of how the test may be performed. Other test setups may be used to obtain the same goal. For large, higher voltage cables, more than 2 m (6 ft) of cable may be required to prevent the conductor temperature midway between the terminations from being influenced by the terminations. Up to 5 m (approximately 15 ft) may be required.

36

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

c)

Testing shall be in accordance with 8.2 and the following: 1) Applied test voltage for Class 1A extruded dielectric cable terminations shall be in accordance with column 8 of Table 1 or column 7 of Table 2. 2) Applied test voltage for Class 1B and 1C laminated dielectric cable terminations shall be in accordance with column 6 of Table 3. 3) Voltage shall be applied continuously to the test specimens for a 30-day period. See 8.4.3, item c)1) or item c)2). 4) Load current, in addition to voltage [item c)3) above], shall be applied to the test specimens. During the current-on period, the cable conductor temperature midway between the terminations shall be within 5 °C of the cable’s maximum rated emergency operating temperature for a period of 6 h. During the current-off period, the conductor temperature midway between the terminations shall drop to within 5 °C of the ambient air temperature. If the conductor does not drop to within 5 °C of the ambient during the off cycle, then every five cycles the current (and voltage) shall remain off for 24 h. The load cycle shall be resumed at the end of the 24 h period. (This procedure may be followed even if the 5 °C condition can be met if a test facility prefers not to run the tests during the weekend.) The test specimens shall complete 30 load cycles. If the extra 24 h off period is used, it is not considered in the test cycles. NOTE—One load cycle is 24 h long with a current-on period and a current-off period. The duration of the current-on and current-off periods is governed by the amount of time it takes a given test specimen to achieve the desired temperature. The current-on period will be determined by how long it takes to get to conductor emergency overload temperature. For smaller cables it may only take 2 h, but for larger cables it can take 3 h or longer to get to temperature.

The cable’s emergency rating temperature should be determined by reference to applicable AEIC, NEMA, or ICEA cable specifications (see Table 5) or to the cable manufacturer in the case of special use cables. Temperature can be determined by measuring the jacket temperature midway between terminations and comparing it to a “dummy” cable equivalent, where both jacket and conductor temperature have been determined. Equivalent current loadings can also be useful. 5) Partial discharge extinction voltage test level shall be determined for each specimen before the 30 load cycle test period is started and after completion of the 30 load cycle test period. Partial discharge levels shall be determined in accordance with 8.4.2.1. 6) After completion of the cyclic aging test and partial discharge (corona) extinction voltage test level, each specimen shall be tested with lightning impulse voltage (10 shots at each polarity) in accordance with 8.2, 8.4.2.6, and the values specified in one of the following: i)

Table 1, column 6, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV

ii) Table 2, column 6, for extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV iii) Table 3, column 9, for laminated dielectric cable terminations NOTE—For laminated dielectric cable terminations (Class 1B and 1C), the ionization factor test is used in place of partial discharge in accordance with 8.4.2.9 and Table 6.

d)

Class 1B and 1C terminations shall show no visual indications of fluid leakage at the completion of the cyclic aging test. If the two specimens (one specimen for 69 kV and above or for a three-phase specimen) withstand all of the above specified test conditions for the specified time, they shall be considered as having passed the test.

37

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

If the test is interrupted or otherwise affected, the cycle(s) affected shall be repeated. If dielectric breakdown occurs in any test specimen, all test specimens shall be considered as having failed. NOTE—The cyclic aging test is not intended to establish the current rating for a termination (see Clause 5).

8.4.4  Leak tests 8.4.4.1 Introduction Leak tests are conducted for two reasons: a)

To help assure that the termination seals will prevent leakage of internal fluids (gas or liquid) during pressure rises that occur during normal operational temperature fluctuations. (This is the pressure leak test.)

b)

To help assure that the termination seals will prevent the ingress of moisture or other environmental contamination during pressure drops (vacuums) that occur during normal operational temperature fluctuations. (This is the vacuum leak test.)

The design characteristics of fluid-filled and non-fluid-filled terminations are quite different; therefore separate test procedures are used. 8.4.4.2  Fluid-filled terminations 8.4.4.2.1 Introduction If a Class 1A termination incorporates the use of an internal fluid, a pressure leak test and a vacuum leak test shall be performed. 8.4.4.2.2  Pressure leak test The following comprise the requirements for the termination pressure leak test: a)

The test shall be conducted at room temperature after all other type tests are complete with terminations filled with fluid (liquid or gas) per manufacturer(s) installation instructions.

b)

If not already available, a fitting that provides access to the fluid compartment shall be installed.

c)

Pressurized gas (typically air, nitrogen, or SF6) shall be applied via the fitting to pressurize the fluid compartment to 250 kPa.

d)

The pressure shall be maintained at 250 kPa ± 10 kPa for 1 h.

e)

During the 1 h test, soap, chalk, or other appropriate leak-detection material shall be applied to all seams, seals, or other areas where the internal fluid is most likely to escape the termination. For gas-filled terminations, it may be more appropriate to pressurize the termination with a gas that is sufficiently different from air such that it can be detected with a leak-detection device designed to detect the gas used for the test.

f)

Pass/fail criterion: There shall be no evidence that internal fluid leaked (escaped) the termination during the 1 h test.

8.4.4.2.3  Vacuum leak test The following comprise the requirements for the termination vacuum leak test:

38

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

a)

The test shall be conducted at room temperature after the pressure leak test. In the case of terminations filled with liquid fluid, the liquid can be drained from the termination for the purpose of this test.

b)

The fitting used in the pressure leak test can be used for this test.

c)

A vacuum shall be applied via the fitting to a pressure of 10 kPa.

d)

A vacuum gauge with a resolution of at least 2 kPa shall be used to monitor the vacuum within the termination.

e)

Once the specified vacuum is achieved, the vacuum pump (or other device that generated the vacuum) shall be disconnected.

f)

The vacuum shall remain for 1 h.

g)

Pass/fail criterion: The final vacuum pressure shall be no more than 20 kPa at the end of 1 h.

8.4.4.3  Non-fluid-filled terminations Most distribution class and some transmission class terminations generally do not have a fluid-filled interior, so a pressure and/or vacuum test may not be appropriate. However, it is important to assure that moisture will not enter the termination at any interfaces between the termination and the cable. To make this evaluation, the following test is required for terminations that do not have a fluid-filled interior: a)

After all other tests are complete, the test terminations shall be placed in a tap water–filled reservoir. The water level shall be sufficient to completely cover the terminations. The terminations shall be connected in series and load cycled in the same manner as the 30-cycle test for 10 cycles. Figure 7 shows how this might be accomplished using a water-filled tank. In some cases, it may be more appropriate to place tubes (conduit or pipes) over the terminations and fill them with tap water. The water temperature is not controlled.

b)

Remove the samples from the water and allow to air dry.

c)

Perform a room temperature, 1 h withstand test at 2 Vg ac, where: Vg = nominal voltage-to-ground.

d)

Pass/fail criterion: All four terminations shall withstand the 1 h application of voltage without failure.

39

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Figure 7—Leak test setup using a water-filled tank for non-fluid-filled terminations

8.5  Routine tests 8.5.1  Dielectric tests Dielectric tests shall be made on termination insulators prepared in accordance with 8.1 items a) and b), and tested in accordance with 8.2. Any of the following procedures may be used at the manufacturer’s option: a)

Using parts simulating external metal parts for the fully assembled cable termination, apply power frequency voltage for 1 min using the value shown in column 4 of Table 1 or Table 2 for the specified insulation classification. If flashover occurs, the test may be repeated. If puncture occurs, or if flashover occurs on the repeat test, the insulator shall be rejected.

b)

Using parts simulating external metal parts of the fully assembled cable termination, maintain power frequency voltage, column 1 of Table 1 or Table 2, for at least 3 min. The insulator shall be rejected if the flashover causes puncture.

c) Using a conducting member passing through the insulator (see NOTE) and a conducting ring surrounding the insulator at the approximate midpoint, maintain power frequency voltage, column 1 of Table 1 or Table 2, for at least 3 min. Any insulator that is punctured shall be rejected. Good insulators for cable terminations rated 69 kV and higher might be punctured by this method, and therefore, these insulators should be tested as prescribed in item d) below. NOTE—Several insulators may be tested in parallel and, when so tested, the voltage control is such that a continual flashover occurs and divides uniformly over the insulators under test. To meet this condition it may be necessary to insert additional impedance in the testing circuit. High-frequency test voltage may be used for these tests, in which case the test duration is at least 3 s. The high frequency is of the order of 200 kHz in damped trains, but not less than 100 kHz.

d)

Using a conducting surface on the entire internal surface of the termination insulator and a series of conducting rings surrounding the insulator at each minimum diameter of corrugation or petticoat,

40

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

apply a power frequency voltage for 1 min using an average puncture gradient of 28 kV/cm (70 kV/ in). Any punctured insulator shall be rejected. NOTE—Most polymeric termination designs do not lend themselves to the preceding tests. Consult the manufacturer(s) for specific procedures to determine insulator integrity.

8.5.2  Leak tests NOTE—The pressures indicated below are gauge.

Routine pressure leak tests on parts and on factory-assembled seals shall be made in accordance with the practice developed by the manufacturer. Class 1C components having a rated internal pressure greater than 100 kPa (15 lbf/in2) shall be subjected to an internal pressure of 2.5 times the nominal rating for terminations rated up to 2000 kPa (300 lbf/in2) in accordance with the following: a)

One hour on single-pressure zone terminations where the outer surface of the parts subjected to leakage are exposed for visual examination.

b)

Twenty-four hours on multi-pressure zone terminations where the outer surface of the parts subject to leakage are not exposed for visual examination, and leakage detection shall be determined by pressure drop in the high-pressure zone or pressure rise in the low-pressure zone.

c)

For terminations with an internal pressure rating greater than 2000 kPa (300 lbf/in2), the test procedure should be agreed upon by the purchaser and manufacturer.

8.6  Electrical tests after installation Field tests are tests that may be made on the completely installed cable system (including the cable terminations) by the user as an installation acceptance or proof test (all classes). Direct voltage testing is not recommended and is no longer a required test, but the previously listed values are shown in Annex C.

9.  Application guide Refer to reference guide IEEE Std 1637™-2010, Guide to Select Terminations for Shielded Alternating‑Current Power Cable Rated 5 kV–46 kV [B23].

10.  Suggested environmental (weathering) tests 10.1  Solar radiation (ultraviolet [UV] light) testing Solar radiation can cause molecular scission to occur on most polymer surfaces unless adequately protected by UV stabilizers. This degradation can shorten service life of polymers significantly. The following test methods are recommended to evaluate effects of solar radiation on polymeric terminations or exposed polymer compounds used with porcelain terminations: a)

ASTM D2565-16 [B11]

b)

ASTM G154-16 [B12]

c)

ASTM G155-13 [B13]

41

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Materials used in the construction of terminations shall have passed the appropriate materials testing requirements to qualify them for use in termination construction. Manufacturer(s) should be consulted for information regarding testing of materials used in termination construction.

10.2  Accelerated contamination testing While there are a number of test procedures in use, none has been adopted as an industry standard. Manufacturer(s) should be consulted concerning contamination test history of the product if there is a question for use in areas having high contamination levels.

10.3  Multiple stress testing General consensus is that multiple stress testing for environmental concerns is superior to individual contamination and UV testing.

42

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Annex A (informative)

Bibliography Bibliographical references are resources that provide additional or helpful material but do not need to be understood or used to implement this standard. Reference to these resources is made for informational use only. [B1] AEIC CS1-12, Specification for Impregnated Paper-Insulated Metallic-Sheathed Cable, Solid Type Rated 1 kV Through 69 kV—12th Edition.12 [B2] AEIC CS2-14, Specification for Impregnated Paper and Laminated Paper Polypropylene Insulated High Pressure Pipe Type Cable—7th Edition. [B3] AEIC CS3-16, Specification for Impregnated Paper-Insulated, Metallic-Sheathed Cable Low-Pressure Gas Filled Type Rated 8 kV through 46 kV—4th Edition. [B4] AEIC CS4-18, Specification for Impregnated Paper Insulated Low and Medium Pressure Self-Contained Liquid Filled Cable—9th Edition. [B5] AEIC CS8-13, Specification for Extruded Dielectric, Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 Through 46 kV— 4th Edition. [B6] AEIC CS9-15, Specification for Extruded Insulation Power Cables and Their Accessories Rated Above 46 kV Through 345 kV—2nd Edition. [B7] ANSI/ICEA S-94-649-2013, Concentric Neutral Cables Rated 5 Through 46 kV.13,14 [B8] ANSI/ICEA S-97-682-2013, Standard for Utility Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 Through 46 kV. [B9] ANSI/ICEA S-108-720-2018, Extruded Insulation Power Cables Rated Above 46 Through 500 kV AC. [B10] ASTM D1868-13, Standard Test Method for Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems.15 [B11] ASTM D2565-16, Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics Intended for Outdoor Applications. [B12] ASTM G154-16, Standard Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials. [B13] ASTM G155-13, Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non‑Metallic Materials. [B14] ICEA P-32-382-2007 (R2018), Short Circuit Characteristics of Insulated Cable.

AEIC publications are available from the Association of Edison Illuminating Companies (http://​www​.aeic​.org/​). ANSI publications are available from the American National Standards Institute (http://​www​.ansi​.org/​). 14 ICEA publications are available from the International Childbirth Education Association (http://​www​.icea​.org/​). 15 ASTM publications are available from the American Society for Testing and Materials (http://​www​.astm​.org/​). 12 13

43

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

[B15] ICEA S-65-375-1988, Varnished-Cloth-Insulated Wire and Cable for the Transmission and Distribution of Electrical Energy. [B16] ICEA T-24-380-2013, Partial Discharge Test Procedure. [B17] IEEE Std 97™-1969, IEEE Recommended Practice for Specifying Service Conditions in Electrical Standards.16,17,18 [B18] IEEE Std 386-2016™, IEEE Standard for Separable Insulated Connector Systems for Power Distribution Systems Rated 2.5 kV through 35 kV. [B19] IEEE Std 400™-2012, IEEE Guide for Field Testing and Evaluation of the Insulation of Shielded Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV and Above. [B20] IEEE Std 400.1™-2018, IEEE Guide for Field Testing of Laminated Dielectric, Shielded AC Power Cable Systems Rated 5 kV to 500 kV Using High Voltage Direct Current (HDCV). [B21] IEEE Std 400.2™-2013, IEEE Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Using Very Low Frequency (VLF) (less than 1 Hz). [B22] IEEE Std 404™-2012, IEEE Standard for Extruded and Laminated Dielectric Shielded Cable Joints Rated 2.5 kV to 500 kV. [B23] IEEE Std 1637™-2010, Guide to Select Terminations for Shielded Alternating-Current Power Cable Rated 5 kV − 46 kV. [B24] IEEE Std C57.19.00™-2004, IEEE Standard General Requirements and Test Procedures for Power Apparatus Bushings. [B25] NEMA 107-2016, Methods of Measurement of Radio Influence Voltage (RIV) of High-Voltage Apparatus.19

IEEE Std 97-1969 has been withdrawn; however, copies can be obtained from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (http://​standards​.ieee​.org/​). 17 IEEE publications are available from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (http://​standards​.ieee​.org/​). 18 IEEE standards and products are trademarks owned by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Incorporated. 19 NEMA publications are available from Global Engineering Documents, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, USA (http://​ global​.ihs​.com/​). 16

44

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Annex B (informative)

Glossary The definitions and terminology used herein apply specifically to cable terminations treated in this standard. For additional definitions, see IEEE Std 97™-1969 [B17]. breakdown: A disruptive discharge occurring through a dielectric. chalking: The powdered surface on the polymeric insulator consisting of particles of filler resulting from ultraviolet exposure or leakage current activity. cracking: Rupture of the polymeric insulator material to depths equal to or greater than 0.1 mm. crazing: Surface micro-fractures of the insulator material to depths less than 0.1 mm resulting from ultraviolet exposure. external connector (aerial lug): A connector that joins the external conductor to the current-carrying parts of a cable termination. field tests: Tests that may be made on a cable system (including the high-voltage cable terminations) by the user after installation, as an acceptance or proof test. flashover: A disruptive discharge around or over the surface of an insulating member, between parts of different potential or polarity, produced by the application of voltage wherein the breakdown path becomes sufficiently ionized to maintain an electric arc. pressure-type termination: A Class 1C termination intended for use on positive pressure cable systems, further categorized as follows: a)

Single-pressure zone termination: A pressure-type termination intended to operate with one pressure zone.

b)

Multi-pressure zone termination: A pressure-type termination intended to operate with two or more pressure zones.

radio influence voltage (RIV): The radio noise appearing on conductors of electric equipment or circuits, as measured using a radio-noise meter as a two-terminal voltmeter in accordance with specified methods. type tests: Tests made by the manufacturer to obtain data for design or application, or to obtain information on the performance of each type of high-voltage cable termination.

45

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Annex C (informative)

DC test voltage reference For reference only, the following dc test voltages have been used in the past for design qualification testing of cable terminations. Many standards-making bodies have eliminated the use of dc testing since industry data has determined that ac testing is more appropriate for extruded dielectric cables. For direct voltages, the values specified are average values and for a specified time. Table C.1—Voltage ratings and reference dc test levels for medium-voltage extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 2.5 kV to 46 kV Insulation class (kV rms)a

DC voltage 15 min dry withstand (kV avg)

2.5

30

5

35

8

45

15

75

25

105

35

140

46

172

a To obtain test values for voltage classes that are not listed, use linear interpolation between the next higher and lower listed values and round off to the nearest whole kilovolt.

Table C.2—Voltage ratings and reference dc test levels for highvoltage extruded dielectric cable terminations rated 69 kV to 500 kV Insulation class (kV rms)a

DC voltage 15 min dry withstand (kV avg)

69

240

115

300

138

315

161

375

230

525

345

650

a To obtain test values for voltage classes that are not listed, use linear interpolation between the next higher and lower listed values and round off to the nearest whole kilovolt.

Table C.3—Voltage ratings and reference dc test levels for highvoltage laminated dielectric cable terminations assembled and ready for service Voltage rating phase-to-phase, U (kV rms)a

DC withstand voltage 15 min (kV)

2.5

30

5.0

38

8.7

48

15

55

25

75 Table continues

46

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

IEEE Std 48-2020 IEEE Standard for Test Procedures and Requirements for Alternating-Current Cable Terminations Used on Shielded Cables Having Laminated Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 765 kV or Extruded Insulation Rated 2.5 kV through 500 kV

Table C.3—Voltage ratings and reference dc test levels for high-voltage laminated dielectric cable terminations assembled and ready for service (continued) Voltage rating phase-to-phase, U (kV rms)a

DC withstand voltage 15 min (kV)

35

100

46

125

69

175

92.5

225

115

275

138

325

161

375

230

450

230

525

345

588

345

650

345

650

500

650

500

775

500

838

500

838

765

1038

765

1038

a To obtain test values for voltage classes that are not listed, use linear interpolation between the next higher and lower listed values and round off to the nearest whole kilovolt.

The following wording was used to specify the dc testing in earlier versions of this standard: The test specimen shall be prepared for test in accordance with 8.1 items a), b), c), e), and f), and tested in accordance with 8.2 and column 11 of Table 1, Table 2, or Table 3. a)

A direct voltage of negative polarity, having a ripple of less than 3% at the required test value, shall be used.

If the test specimen withstands the specified test voltage for the specified time, it shall be considered as having passed the test. If flashover occurs, the test shall be repeated. If the repeat test also results in flashover or other dielectric breakdown, the test specimen shall be considered as having failed. If the specimen passes the repeat test, the test specimen shall be considered as having passed the test.

47

Copyright © 2020 IEEE. All rights reserved. Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.

RAISING THE WORLD’S STANDARDS Connect with us on: Twitter: twitter.com/ieeesa Facebook: facebook.com/ieeesa LinkedIn: linkedin.com/groups/1791118 Beyond Standards blog: beyondstandards.ieee.org YouTube: youtube.com/ieeesa standards.ieee.org Phone: +1 732 981 0060

Authorized licensed use limited to: Carleton University. Downloaded on November 04,2020 at 20:05:04 UTC from IEEE Xplore. Restrictions apply.