Guideline For Sapphire Plus Systems R2 [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

May-2018 Rev. 2

Total Flooding Systems 70 bar with 3M Novec™1230 Fire Protection Fluid C F O C6 Fluoroketone

- Design Guideline Note: This guideline has been prepared with the best information available at the time of publication. Changes in standards mentioned or technical changes may apply without further notice.

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Guideline for Sapphire Plus Systems R2.docx

May-2018 Rev. 2

Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems Revision Rev. 1

4 April 2018

First release (Draft)

Rev. 2

8. May 2018

Container pressure - temperature chart added (page 15) Pipe requirement chart added (page 15)

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May-2018 Rev. 2

Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems

1) General Information Novec™1230 has been developed as an alternative to Halon 1301, production of which ceased at the end of 1993, under the agreed adjustments made to the Montreal Protocol in November 1992. Novec™1230 contains no Bromine or Chlorine and has therefore an Ozone depleting potential (ODP) of zero. Sapphire Plus systems utilize one or more storage containers arranged to provide the protected area with a predetermined quantity of gas. Sapphire Plus containers are designed to hold Novec™1230 in liquid form and Nitrogen, which is used to superpressurize the container to 70 bar (1015 psi) 20°C. Handling and installation of Sapphire Plus equipment should only be carried out by persons experienced in dealing with this type of equipment.

2) Properties of Novec™1230 Under normal conditions Novec™1230 is a colourless and low odour fluid with a density around 11 times greater than air. It has negligible vapour pressure and is super-pressurized with Nitrogen to 70 bar (1015 psi) when used in the Johnson Controls Sapphire Plus suppression systems. It contains no particulates or oily residues and is produced under ISO 9001 guidelines to strict manufacturing specifications ensuring product purity. Present understanding of Novec™1230 is that firefighting is through heat absorption and chemical means. Novec™1230 decomposes at temperatures in excess of 500°C and it is therefore important to avoid applications involving hazards where continuously hot surfaces are involved. Upon exposure to the flame Novec™1230 will decompose to form halogen acids (HF). Their presence will be readily detected by a sharp, pungent odor before maximum hazardous exposure levels are reached. It has been concluded from fire toxicity studies that decomposition products from the fire itself especially carbon monoxide, smoke, oxygen depletion and heat may create a greater hazard. Agent Designation: Chemical Formula: Boiling Point @ 1 atm.: Vapour Pressure @ 20°C: Gas Density @ 1 atm. / 20°C: Liquid Density @ 20°C:

FK-5-1-12 CF3CF2C(O)CF(CF3)2 49 °C (120 °F) 0,40 bar (5,85 psig) 13.6 kg/m³ (1.95 lbs./ft³) 1610 kg/m³

3) Approvals The Sapphire Plus system approvals and listings include, but are not limited to: 

UL (Underwriters Laboratories) Inc. Listed.



Underwriters Laboratories of Canada (ULC).



FM Approved.



EN 12094 (CE).

Only approved components shall be used in a Sapphire Plus system.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems

4) Safety of Novec™1230

FK-5-1-12 (Novec™1230) HFC-227ea

(FM-200®)

Design Conc.1)

NOAEL 2)

Safety Margin 3)

4.5% - 5.8%

10%

122% - 72%

6.4% - 8.4%

9%

41% - 7%

5%

5%

Nil

Halon 1301 1) Typical

design concentration surface class A No Observable Adverse Effect Level 3) % of design concentration added to design concentration to reach NOAEL concentration 2)

5) Environmental Comparison1)

Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)

Global Warming Potential (GWP) 2)

Atmospheric Lifetime (years)

0

1

0.014

0

3350

38.9

12

6900

65

FK-5-1-12 (Novec™1230) HFC-227ea

(FM-200®)

Halon 1301 1) 2)

5th IPCC report The EU F-Gas Regulation does not apply to Novec™1230. The regulation only applies to F-Gases with GWP > 1.

6) General System Design Manifolded System

All containers must be the same size and the same fill density.

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Modularized System

Different container sizes and different fill densities are acceptable.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems

7) Hazard Analysis Note: A thorough hazard analysis is important for a qualified system design. The following questions should be answered: Information needed

Why?

Applicable design standard. Fire class (fuel type).

To determine the minimum design concentration.

Hazard dimensions and shape.

Hazard volume determines the agent quantity, Hazard shape affects the number of nozzles and the pipe isometric.

Solid - impermeable - structures which may reduce the gross hazard volume (e.g. beams, columns).

Reduces the hazard gross volume used to calculate the agent quantity.

Expected minimum hazard temperature. Hazard altitude.

Affects the agent quantity required to achieve the minimum design concentration.

Expected maximum hazard temperature.

To calculate the maximum achieved concentration.

Information about separate hazard voids (e.g. floor voids, ceiling voids).

Each void needs separate nozzles to guarantee that the minimum design concentration will be achieved anywhere inside the hazard.

Installations and equipment inside the hazard.

May affect the nozzle quantity and the pipe and nozzle arrangement.

Place for the agent container(s) 1)

To determine the pipe isometric.

Connected reserve required?

Effects the system setup (a system with a connected reserve needs a manifold).

Acceptable pressure change for the hazard.

To consider pressure venting.

Special requests from client and/or authorities.

May affect the system design and layout.

1)

EN 15004 - Container Arrangement Arrangements shall be made for container and valve assemblies and accessories to be accessible for inspection, testing and other maintenance when required. Containers shall be adequately mounted and suitably supported according to the systems installation manual so as to provide for convenient individual servicing of the container and its contents. Containers shall be located as near as is practical to the enclosure they protect, preferably outside the enclosure. Containers can be located within the enclosure only if sited so as to minimize the risk of exposure to fire and explosion. Containers shall not be located where they will be subjected to severe weather conditions or to potential damage due to mechanical, chemical or other causes. Where potentially damaging exposure or unauthorized interference are likely, suitable enclosures or guards shall be provided.

NFPA 2001 - Storage Container Arrangement Storage containers and accessories shall be located and arranged so that inspection, testing, recharging, and other maintenance activities are facilitated and interruption of protection is held to a minimum. Storage containers shall be located as close as possible to or within the hazard or hazards they protect. Agent storage containers shall not be located where they can be rendered inoperable or unreliable due to mechanical damage or exposure to chemicals or harsh weather conditions or by any other foreseeable cause. Where container exposure to such conditions is unavoidable, then suitable enclosures or protective measures shall be employed.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems

8) System Design

8.1) Minimum Design Concentrations for Novec™1230 ISO 14520 2016 Edition

EN 15004 2008 Edition

VdS 2381 2016-06en

NFPA 2001 2015 Edition

Surface Class A

5.3 %

5.3 %

5.8 % 4)

4.5 %

Higher Hazard Class A 1)

5.6 %

5.6 %

---

---

Class B (Heptane) 2)

5.9 %

5.9 %

6.1 %

5.9 %

not mentioned

not mentioned

not mentioned

4.5 % 5)

Class C 3) 1)

ISO 14520-1 § 7.5.1.3 І EN 15004-1 § 7.5.1.3 It is recognized that the wood crib and polymeric sheet class A fire tests may not adequately indicate extinguishing concentrations suitable for the protection of certain plastic fuel hazards (e.g. electrical and electronic type hazards involving grouped power or data cables such as computer and control room under-floor voids, telecommunication facilities, etc.). An extinguishing concentration not less than that determined according to clause 7.5.1.3, or not less than 95% of that determined from the heptane fire test in Annex C, Clause C.6.2, whichever is the greater, should be used under certain conditions. These conditions may include: (1) Cable bundles greater than 100 mm in diameter (2) Cable trays with a fill density greater than 20 percent of the tray cross-section (3) Horizontal or vertical stacks of cable trays (closer than 250 mm) (4) Equipment energized during the extinguishment period where the collective power consumption exceeds 5 kW NFPA 2001 - A.5.4.2.2 (7)(g) Where any of the following conditions exist, higher extinguishing concentrations might be required: (1) Cable bundles greater than 100 mm in diameter (2) Cable trays with a fill density greater than 20 percent of the tray cross-section (3) Horizontal or vertical stacks of cable trays (closer than 250 mm) (4) Equipment energized during the extinguishment period where the collective power consumption exceeds 5 kW

2)

For design concentrations for any other class B fuel see design standards or contact Tyco Technical Service.

3)

Fire class C: Europe: fires involving flammable gases US (NFPA): fires involving energized electrical equipment.

4)

This concentration applies to IT/machinery rooms, electric control and distribution rooms and cable floors only.

5)

Minimum extinguishing concentration class A = 3.3%. Minimum design concentration class C = Minimum extinguishing concentration class A x 1.35 (safety factor) = 3.3% x 1.35 = 4.5% (3M information Nov. 2014)

Important! The above design concentrations are not applicable (and are not to be used) for Marine applications.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.2) Novec™1230 Flooding Factor Table Table 1: Novec™1230 weight requirements per volume of protected space (kg/m³)

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.3) Altitude Correction Factor At elevations above sea level, Novec™1230 has a greater specific volume because of the reduced atmospheric pressure. A system designed for sea level conditions will therefore develop an actual higher concentration at levels above sea level and an actual lower concentration at levels below sea level. EN 15004 and ISO 14520, §7.7: The design quantity of the extinguishant shall be adjusted to compensate only for ambient pressures that vary more than 11 % (equivalent to approximately 1000 m of elevation change) from standard sea level pressure (1,013 bar absolute). Table 2: (EN 15004 and ISO 14520, §7.7)

If hazard altitude is not listed in the table, find the altitude next lower than the hazard altitude and determine the correction factor. Calculation method: h < 1000 m: altitude correction factor = 1 h ≥ 1000 m: 𝐾H = (1 −

5,255 ℎ ) 44331

Where h = altitude (m). NFPA 2001, §A.5.5.3.3: Although adjustments are required for barometric pressures equivalent to 3000 ft (915 m) or more above or below sea level, adjustments can be made for any ambient pressure condition. Calculation method: h < 5500 ft: altitude correction factor = (-0.000036 x h) + 1 h ≥ 5500 ft: altitude correction factor = (-0.000030 x h) + 0.96 Where h = altitude (feet).

8.4) Novec™1230 Design Quantity

Q  V  CF  CAlt Where

Q = Agent quantity required to achieve design concentration [kg] V = Hazard volume [m³] CF = Flooding factor [kg/m³] (see Table 1) CAlt = Altitude correction factor

Example: Type of hazard: Design Standard: Gross volume: Minimum hazard temperature: Maximum hazard Temperature: Altitude:

Computer room (higher hazard class A) EN 15004 18.0 m x 12.0 m x 4.0 m = 864 m³ 20°C 30°C 1600 m

QDesign = 864 m³ × 0.826 kg/m³ × 0.83=592.4 kg

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.5) Dead Volume Consideration Dead volume results from pipe sections where Novec™1230 agent remains after the system discharge. This agent is not available to achieve the design concentration. The Novec™1230 quantity in the dead volume must be stored additionally to the design quantity. Single Hazard System - Main only

Manifold Size DN 65 DN 80 DN 100 DN 150

Dead Volume 0.41 L 0.64 L 1.11 L 2.52 L

Novec Quantity in Dead Volume * 0.66 kg 1.02 kg 1.78 kg 4.03 kg *1.6 kg/L

Single Hazard System - Main and Reserve

Manifold Size DN 65 DN 80 DN 100 DN 150

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Dead Volume Manifold End Each Main Container 0.41 L 0.95 L 0.64 L 2.13 L 1.11 L 3.69 L 2.52 L 8.41 L

Novec Quantity in Dead Volume Manifold End Each Main Container 0.66 kg 1.52 kg 1.02 kg 3.41 kg 1.78 kg 5.90 kg 4.03 kg 13.46 kg

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.5) Dead Volume Consideration (continued) Selector Valve System - Equal Hazard Sizes - Main only Dead Volume

Note: For the dead volume of the selector valve manifold the 'worst case' arrangement is considered - agent discharges through the first selector valve.

Manifold Size

Manifold End and Selector Valve Manifold End

Each 'Dead End' Selector Valve*

DN 65

0.82 L

1.20 L

DN 80

1.28 L

1.88 L

DN 100

2.22 L

3.27 L

Novec Quantity in Dead Volume Manifold Size

Manifold End and Selector Valve Manifold End

DN 65

1.32 kg

1.92 kg

DN 80

2.04 kg

3.01 kg

DN 100

3.56 kg

5.23 kg

Each 'Dead End' Selector Valve*

*Total number of selector valves - (minus) 1

Selector Valve System - Equal Hazard Sizes - Main and Reserve

Dead Volume Manifold Size

Manifold End and Selector Valve Manifold End

Each Main Container

Each 'Dead End' Selector Valve*

DN 65

0.82 L

0.95 L

1.20 L

DN 80

1.28 L

2.13 L

1.88 L

DN 100

2.22 L

3.69 L

3.27 L

Novec Quantity in Dead Volume Manifold Size

Manifold End and Selector Valve Manifold End

DN 65

1.32 kg

1.52 kg

1.92 kg

DN 80

2.04 kg

3.41 kg

3.01 kg

DN 100

3.56 kg

5.90 kg

5.23 kg

Each Main Container

Each 'Dead End' Selector Valve*

*Total number of selector valves - (minus) 1

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.5) Dead Volume Consideration (continued) Selector Valve System - Different Hazard Sizes

Note: The examples shown above are 'worst case' - the containers for the smallest hazard are installed furthest away from the container manifold end and the smallest hazard is connected to the first selector valve.

Dead Volume

Novec Quantity in Dead Volume

Manifold Size

Manifold End and Selector Valve Manifold End

Each Container not Discharging

DN 65

0.82 L

0.95 L

1.20 L

1.32 kg

1.52 kg

1.92 kg

DN 80

1.28 L

2.13 L

1.88 L

2.04 kg

3.41 kg

3.01 kg

DN 100

2.22 L

3.69 L

3.27 L

3.56 kg

5.90 kg

5.23 kg

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Each 'Dead End' Selector Valve*

Manifold End and Selector Valve Manifold End

Each Container not Discharging

Each 'Dead End' Selector Valve*

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.6) Novec™1230 Storage Quantity

Q Storage = Q Design + Q Dead Volume Where Q Storage = Agent quantity to be stored [kg] Q Design = Agent quantity required to achieve design concentration [kg] Q Dead Volume = Agent quantity remaining in dead volume [kg]

Example: Single hazard system - Main only

Design quantity = 592.4 kg Estimated manifold size = DN 100 sched. 80 (see pipe sizes estimation § 8.10.2) Dead volume quantity = 1.78 kg (see § 8.5) Minimum storage quantity = 592.4 kg + 1.78 kg = 594.2 kg

Single hazard system - Main and Reserve

Design quantity = 592.4 kg Estimated manifold size = DN 100 (see pipe sizes estimation § 8.10.2) Number of containers = 3 (see § 8.8) Dead volume quantity = 1.78 kg + 3 x 5.90 kg = 19.48 kg (see § 8.5) Minimum storage quantity = 592.4 kg + 19.48 kg = 611.9 kg

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.7) Check the Maximum Achieved Novec™1230 Concentration How to calculate? 1. Calculate the resulting flooding factor 2. Read resulting achieved concentration from the flooding factor table (at max. hazard temperature)

FFResulting 

1. Resulting Flooding Factor:

agent supplied(kg) altitude corr. factor  hazard volume (m³)

Example: Single hazard system - Main and Reserve Supplied agent quantity Volume Altitude correction factor Max. hazard temperature

Q = 612 kg V = 864 m³ cAlt = 0.83 Tmax = 30°C

1. Resulting Flooding Factor:

FF Resulting =

612 kg 0.83 x 864 m³

= 0.854 kg/m³

2. Read resulting achieved concentration from the flooding factor table (at max. hazard temperature)

Resulting flooding factor = 0.854  Achieved concentration @ 30°C approx. 6%. Achieved concentration is less than NOAEL (10%) – the system is acceptable for occupied space.

Equation to calculate the achieved concentration:

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.8) Number and Size of Agent Containers Required Each Sapphire Plus container assembly consists of  Container  Container valve with pressure gauge  Siphon tube  Label Containers are fitted with a label which provides handling, maintenance and recharge instructions. All containers are designed for vertical mounting only. Each assembly may be provided with a range of Novec™1230 fills to suit the design requirements. After filling, the containers are super-pressurized with dry nitrogen to 70 bar (+5% at a temperature of 20°C). Operating temperature range

-20°C to +50°C

-20°C to +65°C

Minimum fill density (kg Novec™1230 / litre container volume)

0.3 kg / L

0.3 kg / L

Maximum fill density (kg Novec™1230 / litre container volume)

1.4 kg / L

1.35 kg / L

Table 3a: Sapphire Plus containers manufactured in accordance with ISO 9809-2 and are stamped TPED or DOT/TPED Nominal Volume

1)

Valve Size

Container Diameter

Height from Floor to Valve Outlet

Novec™1230 Filling Minimum

Maximum at +50°C

at +65°C

(L)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

15

25

204

694

4.5

21

20.3

30

25

229

972

9

42

41

45

25

267

1071

14

63

60.8

60

50

267

1425

18

84

81

120

50

360

1546

36

168

162

150 1)

50

360

1888

45

210

202.5

180 2)

50

406

1783

54

252

243

Only supplied from Marinette factory

2) TPED

(kg)

only

Table 3b: Sapphire Plus containers manufactured in accordance with IS:7285 (Pt 2) under BIS and CCoE approval (PESO) Nominal Volume

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Valve Size

Container Diameter

Height from Floor to Valve Outlet

Novec™1230 Filling Minimum

Maximum at +50°C

at +65°C

(L)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(kg)

34

25

267

865

10.5

47

44

80

50

267

1794

24

112

108

120

50

406

1317

36

168

162

180

50

406

1837

54

252

243

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems Sapphire Plus Pressure-Temperature Chart

Distribution Pipe Requirements

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems Example: Determine an appropriate TPED container and the number of containers for +50°C Minimum storage quantity 'Main only' = 595 kg Novec™1230. Minimum storage quantity 'Main and Reserve' = 612 kg Novec™1230

Main Only

Main and Reserve

Container Size

Maximum Filling at 50°C

Minimum Number of Containers

(L)

(kg)

(-)

(kg)

(kg/L)

(-)

(kg)

(kg/L)

120

168

4

149

1.24

4

153

1.28

150 2)

210

3

199

1.33

3

204

1.36

180

252

3

199

1.11

3

204

1.13

1)

Actual Actual Container Container Fill Quantity Fill Density 1)

Minimum Number of Containers

Actual Actual Container Container Fill Quantity Fill Density 1)

Maximum fill density at 50°C = 1.4 kg/L. supplied from Marinette factory

2) Only

Note: The container fill density affects the pressure available throughout the discharge and therefore the hydraulic flow calculation result. Depending on the flow conditions and pressure drop in the distribution pipe system a high fill density may result in hydraulic errors.

Above examples:  Main only: 3 x 180 L container recommended - each filled with 199 kg Novec™1230.  Main and Reserve: 3 x 180 L container recommended - each filled with 204 kg Novec™1230.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.9) Minimum Number of Nozzles and Nozzle Size Nozzle Coverage Area: 180° Nozzle

360° Nozzle

Temperature

Approval

Standard Area Coverage

10.9 m radius Max. 96 m²

6.9 m radius Max. 96 m²

-20°C to 50°C

European

-20°C to 55°C

UL/FM

Extended Area Coverage

15 m radius Max. 167 m²

9.1 m radius Max. 167 m²

0°C to 50°C

European

0°C to 54°C

UL/FM

180° Nozzle

360° Nozzle

Standard Coverage Max. 96 m²

Extended Coverage Max. 167 m²

Nozzle Protection Height: Approval

Protection Height

All

4.3 m

 Available nozzle sizes: 15/20/25/32/40/50 mm (1/2", 3/4”, 1”, 1¼”, 1½”, 2”).  Estimated maximum agent quantity for a 50 mm nozzle (sched. 40 pipe): approx. 25 kg/s Note: Depending on the pressure drop in the distribution pipe system the maximum acceptable flow rate may be 30 to 40 kg/s.  Nozzles should be located no more than 300 mm below the ceiling.  360° nozzles should be located as close to the center of the hazard as possible.  180° nozzles should be located on the longer side wall, max. 300 mm away from the wall.  Nozzles should be as equally spaced as possible.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems Example: Extended nozzle coverage. Hazard = 18.0 m x 12.0 m x 4.0 m = 864 m³ Design quantity = 595 kg Note: The maximum discharge time for a Sapphire Plus system is 10 seconds.

A) Minimum number of nozzles:  check maximum protection height (4.3 m) vs. height of hazard  check estimated maximum discharge quantity per nozzle (~25 kg/s for 50 mm nozzle) vs. agent flow rate  check nozzle coverage vs. hazard area Hazard height = 4.0 m - Maximum protection height = 4.3 m > 1 nozzle layer 1) Agent flow rate = 59.5 kg/s - Maximum nozzle flow rate approx. 25 kg/s > minimum 3 nozzles Hazard floor area = 216 m² - Maximum coverage area per nozzle = 167 m² > minimum 2 nozzles 1) Note: Depending on the pressure drop in the distribution pipe system the maximum acceptable flow rate may be 30 to 40 kg/s. Coverage area 2 nozzles:

For the above example:  Coverage area and coverage height: minimum 2 nozzles 360° or 2 nozzles 180°  Nozzle flow rate: minimum 3 nozzles may be necessary depending on the pipe isometric (pressure drop).

B) Estimate nozzle size:  Check agent flow [kg/s] per nozzle.  Use pipe size estimation table (§ 8.10, table 4) to estimate the nozzle size. Total agent flow rate = 595 kg / 10 seconds = 59.5 kg/s  2 nozzle system: Agent flow rate per nozzle = 59.5 kg/s / 2 nozzles = 29.75 kg/s/nozzle Estimated nozzle size = 65 mm (2 1/2")  not available.  3 nozzle system: Agent flow rate per nozzle = 59.5 kg/s / 3 nozzles = 19.83 kg/s/nozzle Estimated nozzle size = 50 mm (2")  available.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.10) Pipe Run and Pipe Sizes 8.10.1 System Limitations Flow limitations at tee splits Bull Tee

Side Tee

30-70%

90-65% Minimum length of 10 x nominal pipe diameter around a tee

10-35%

70-30%

Pipe arrangements at tee splits Correct

Incorrect

Note: Tee outlet pipes must always be in a horizontal plane.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems 8.10.2 Pipe Size Estimation Use table 4 to estimate the pipe size according to the agent flow rate. Very important: Table 4 is for estimation purpose only. Theoretically the maximum flow rates can be as double as high as the listed maximum estimated flow rates.The maximum flow rate depends on the pressure drop in the distribution pipe system. The hydraulic flow calculation software must be used to determine the final pipe sizes. Table 4:

Example:

Design quantity = 595 kg / 10 s = 59.5 kg/s Find the next higher value in "Max. Flow" column

Estimated sizes: Manifold (schedule 80): DN 65 based on estimation table, but must be minimum DN 80 if the container size is > 45 L. For manifold details see component section in the 'Design Manual'. Main distribution pipe = 65 mm (2 1/2") for both, schedule 40 and schedule 80 pipes.

General Piping Practices and Rules  Pipe and fitting material must comply with the design standard and with local regulations.  Always try to design a pipe run as short and as symmetric as possible. That minimises hydraulic problems.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems

9) Pressure Venting The designer of a fire suppression system should be aware, that the discharge of any gaseous extinguishing agent into an enclosure will change the pressure within that enclosure, which could affect the structural integrity of the enclosure. NFPA 2001 § 5.3.6 The protected enclosure shall have the structural strength and integrity necessary to contain the agent discharge. If the developed pressures present a threat to the structural strength of the enclosure, venting shall be provided to prevent excessive pressures. For pressure relief vent area or equivalent leakage area, see 5.1.2.2(28) Fire Industry Association (FIA) UK: FIA Guidance on Pressure Venting Issue 2 March 2012. "The US based Fire Suppression Systems Association (FSSA) have issued a “Guide to Estimating Enclosure Pressure and Pressure Relief Vent Area for Applications Using Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems”. This guidance has been based upon experimental data attained via collaboration with various industry participants, including a number of multinational organisations. The FSSA work is by far the most in-depth investigation to-date, on the estimation of enclosure pressure and total vent area requirements." The following input parameters are required to use the calculation methodology: • Extinguishing agent • Protected enclosure volume • Extinguishing system discharge time • Extinguishing concentration • Relative humidity of enclosure. 1. If the enclosure strength is known it is possible to calculate the required total vent area. 2. If the total vent area is known then it is possible to calculate the expected pressure excursion following an extinguishing system discharge.

Parameter +vePE -vePE TotalVentArea Volume Conc td %RH +veEPL -veEPL

Unit Pa Pa m² m³ % s % Pa Pa

+veFVA

m²

-veFVA

m²

Definition Positive Pressure Excursion Negative Pressure Excursion the sum of the free vent area and the natural leakage area Protected enclosure volume Suppressant concentration used in the protected enclosure Gaseous firefighting system discharge time Relative humidity within the enclosure Enclosure positive pressure limit Enclosure negative pressure limit Positive free vent area required to ensure that the positive pressure excursion is below the enclosure positive pressure limit (+veEPL) Negative free vent area required to ensure that the negative pressure excursion is below the enclosure negative pressure limit (-veEPL)

CAUTION: The magnitude of both +veEPL and –veEPL for each extinguishant have limits of applicability. The calculation methodology is based on experimental data and therefore the prediction of the calculation tool must remain within the data envelope investigated. Calculations based on parameters outside the limits of applicability will not be accurate and it is strongly advised that such calculations are treated accordingly. If the relative humidity level is not known, 50% is the recommended value to use.

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems Pressure Venting (continued) FK-5-1-12 (Novec™1230): Limits of applicability: 6s ≤ td ≤ 10s 4.2% ≤ Conc ≤ 6.0% 20% ≤ RH% ≤ 80% +veEPL ≤ 240 Pa -veEPL ≤ -1200 Pa

1. Required Total Vent Area for FK-5-1-12 (Novec™1230):  Enclosure strength must be known

Positive Total Vent Area

Negative Total Vent Area

Example:

Hazard volume = 864 m³ Design concentration = 5.6% Hazard pressure limit = 200 Pa positive, 400 Pa negative Discharge time = 10 seconds

("Johnson Controls - Fire Suppression Products - Pressure Vent Area Calculation Issue 18")

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Design Guideline For Sapphire Plus Suppression Systems Pressure Venting (continued) 2. Pressure Excursion for FK-5-1-12 (Novec™1230):  Total vent area must be known (total vent area is defined as the sum of the free vent area and the natural leakage area). This could be known from a door fan test.

+vePE

-vePE

Example:

Hazard volume = 864 m³ Design concentration = 5.6% Total vent area available (e.g. known from door fan test) = 0.05 m² Discharge time = 10 seconds

("Johnson Controls - Fire Suppression Products - Pressure Vent Area Calculation Issue 18")

BKR

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