Foreign Language (English) [PDF]

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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF UKRAINE National Aviation University

FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ENGLISH) Guide to practical classes for the students of speciality 272 “Aviation Transport” specializations “Air Traffic Service”, “Systems of Air Navigation Service”, “Unmanned aerial complexes”

Kyiv 2017 1

УДК 811.111:629.73 (076.5) ББК Ш 143.21я7 F 75

Compiler O.M. Vasiukovych Reviewers: M.M. Marusynets, O.M. Alekseev

Approved by the Methodical and Editorial Board of the National Aviation University (Minutes № 2/17 of 20.04.2017).

Практикум укладено відповідно до навчальної програми дисципліни «Іноземна мова». Кожне практичне заняття містить професійно-орієнтовані тексти, комунікативні та інтерактивні типи вправ.

F 75

Foreign language (English): Guide to practical classes/ Сompiler O.M.Vasiukovych. – K. : NAU, 2017. – 50p.

Guide to practical classes is composed in accordance with the syllabus of the discipline «Foreign language» and contains professionally oriented texts, communicative and interactive tasks. For students of speciality 272 “Aviation Transport” specializations “Air Traffic Service”, “Systems of Air Navigation Service”, “Unmanned aerial complexes”

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................................................4 MODULE I THE HISTORY OF AVIATION INTERNATIONAL AVIATION ORGANISATIONS. PRINCIPAL STRUCTURAL UNITS OF THE AIRCRAFT LESSON 1 THE HISTORY OF AVIATION..........................................5 LESSON 2 INTERNATIONAL AVIATION ORGANISATIONS…....9 LESSON 3 ICAO ALPHABET.............................................................13 LESSON 4 AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE.................................................17 LESSON 5 TYPES OF AIRCRAFT......................................................24 MODULE II INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS. AIRPORT SECURITY LESSON 1WHEN YOU TRAVEL.......................................................27 LESSON 2 INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS...................................... 31 LESSON 3 AIRPORT SECURITY: 3 D BODY SCANNER...............37 LESSON 4 AIRPORT SECURITY MEASURES.................................41 LESSON 5 BANNED LIQUIDS ON PLANES....................................46 LIST OF REFERENCES................................................................... 50

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INTRODUCTION The guide to practical classes “Foreign Language (English)” is a set of theoretical and practical knowledge and skills, forming competence of a specialist in the fields of aviation transport, air traffic service, air navigation service. It is based on Bachelor Extended Curriculum № ECB – 14 – 272 / 16 for Speciality 272 “Aviation Transport” and Specializations “Air Traffic Service”, “Systems of Air Navigation Service”, “Unmanned aerial complexes”. Educational material of the guide is structured according to module principle and consists of two modules: Module №1 “The History of Aviation. International Aviation Organizations. Principal Structural Units of the Aircraft” and Module №2 “International Airports. Airport Security”, each of them is logically completed, independent and integral part of the guide. The guide to practical classes “Foreign Language (English)” is based on the communicative approach. It refers to the idea that learning language successfully comes through having to communicate real meaning. When students are involved in real communication, their natural strategies for language acquisition will be used, and this will allow them to learn to use the language. Classroom activities guided by the communicative approach are characterised by trying to produce meaningful and real communication, at all levels. As a result there may be more emphasis on skills than systems and lessons are more learnercentred. The aim of communicative language teaching and the communicative approach is communicative competence. Students` tasks include information gap and role-play activities for speaking, and notetaking and summarising, which combines listening and writing competencies. The guide to practical classes “Foreign Language (English)” is based on ICAO document 9835: Manual on the implementation of ICAO Language Proficiency Requirements.

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MODULE I THE HISTORY OF AVIATION. INTERNATIONAL AVIATION ORGANISATIONS. PRINCIPAL STRUCTURAL UNITS OF THE AIRCRAFT. LESSON 1. THE HISTORY OF AVIATION LEAD-IN Exercise 1. Look at the following quotes about the history of flight. What do you understand by them? “I may be expediting the attainment of an object that will in time be found of great importance to mankind; so much so, that a new era in society will commence from the moment that aerial navigation is familiarly realised. . . . I feel perfectly confident, however, that this noble art will soon be brought home to man's convenience, and that we shall be able to transport ourselves and our families, and their goods and chattels, more securely by air than by water, and with a velocity of from 20 to 100 miles per hour”. Sir George Cayley ( 1809) “I have not the smallest molecule of faith in aerial navigation other than ballooning.” Lord Kelvin (1896) “That flight lasted only 12 seconds, but it was nevertheless - the first time in the history of the world in which a machine carrying a man had raised itself by its own power into the air in full flight, had sailed forward without reduction of speed, and had finally landed at a point as high as that from which it started.” Orville and Wilbur (1903) Exercise 2. Discuss the following question. 1. What role does Aviation play in our life?

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INPUT Exercise 3. You are going to watch a video about the History of Aviation. Familiarize yourself with some information about it and then discuss the focal events in the history of aviation. Exercise 4. Put the following events in the chronological order: 1. Leading up to the `90s, designers began adapting a flying wing design and the use of composite metals. 2. In 1945, a minor military contractor named Boeing became the largest aircraft manufacturer in the world. 3. In the period between the World Wars, many important innovations took place: instead of wood planes were built of aluminum and they became much more powerful as well; airmail also became a reality, as did a transcontinental flight; the first round-the-world trip occurred in 1924. 4. On December 17th, 1903, Orville and Wilbur Wright managed the first reputable instance of sustained flight by a heavier-than-air vehicle they called the Wright Flyer. 5. World War II firmly established fixed wing aircraft as a decisive factor for military victory. 6. Leonardo da Vinci is credited with designing early ancestors of the airplane based on the flight of birds, including parachute and an early version of the propeller. 7. In 1848, John Stringfellow managed the first powered flight by using a steam-powered flying machine. 8. 1783 was considered a breakthrough year in aviation: hot air balloons became popular in Europe with the help from the Montgolfier brothers. LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 5. Match the words (1-10) with their definitions (A-H): glider 1 A a military aircraft designed to carry out bombing missions stealth fighter 2 B is the most modern variation of the basic gas turbine engine. They are widely used because of their high thrust and good fuel efficiency. turbo-fan engine 3 C a fighter that is difficult to detect by radar; is built for precise targeting 6

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turbo-jet engine

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biplane

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rotary engine

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balloon

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bomber

and uses laser-guided bombs internal-combustion engine D an having radial cylinders that rotate about a fixed crankshaft E a large impermeable bag inflated with a lighter-than-air gas, designed to rise and float in the atmosphere. It may have a basket or gondola for carrying passengers F a type of gas turbine in which air, drawn into a combustion chamber by fans, is rapidly heated by combusted fuel, creating air pressure that drives turbines and provides jet propulsion G a type of aeroplane having two sets of wings, one above the other H a light aircraft that is designed to fly without using an engine

Exercise 6. The sentences below have been taken from the video you have just watched. Use the words in the box to fill in the gaps. a) stealth fighter, b) gliders, c) turbo-fan, d) compressed air, e) turbojet engines, f) supersonic speed, g) unpiloted and piloted 1. More significant advances came at the end of the nineteenth century when 1) _______ became more well-developed. 2. Lawrence Hargrave then helped develop the rotary engine by introducing the use of 2) ___________. 3. Also involved in the flight race was Samuel Pierpont Langley, who attempted several 3) __________ efforts. His Aerodrome was later considered the first machine capable of flight. 4. They developed new technologies that allowed for pressurized cabins, more aerodynamic designs, new metals, larger sizes and turbo-jets capable of 4) ____________. 5. Boeing introduced the B-52 in the 1950s, and this strategic bomber was equipped with eight 5)_____________, intercontinental range and a capacity of half a million pounds. 6. Six years later, Boeing developed the revolutionary 747. That wide7

bodied 6) _________powered commercial airliner became the most successful model ever created. 7. This also spurred the creation of crafts like Lockheed Martin`s F-117 7)__________. Exercise 7. Match the words and word combinations on the left with those on the right to make phrases taken from the video: 1) rotary a) of half a million pounds 2) sustained................................................. b) range 3) reconnaissance....................................... c) metals 4) fixed.......................................................... d) obsolete 5) jet................................................................. e) Concorde jet 6) supersonic.....................................................f) aircraft 7) radar..............................................................g) wing aircraft 8) composite......................................................h) missions 9) intercontinental ............................................i) flight 10) capacity........................................................j) engine SPEAKING Exercise 8. Think of some type of an aircraft or engine. Describe it to your partner without naming it and let your partner guess. HOME TASK Exercise 9. Find out some more additional materials about the History of Aviation. Home work suggestions: Parker, Steve, Science Discoveries: The Wright Brothers and Aviation, Chelsea House Publishers, NY, 1995. Joseph, Paul, Inventors: The Wright Brothers, Abdo & Daughters, Edina, MN, 1997 Web Sites: NASA Glenn Research Center, UEET Program Student Site http://www.ueet.nasa.gov/StudentSite/historyofflight.html

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LESSON 2. INTERNATIONAL AVIATION ORGANISATIONS LEAD-IN Exercise 1. You will read a text about International Aviation Organizations. Before you read, discuss the following questions. 1. What International Aviation Organizations do you know? 2. What is ICAO and its primary objective? 3. What is EUROCONTROL and its main activities? 4. What do you know about a European initiative (SES)? 5. Is it necessary to have such international organizations as ICAO, EUROCONTROL, SES? Why? (A) The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a United Nations specialized agency, established by States in 1944 to manage the administration and governance of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention). ICAO has its headquarters in Montreal, Canada, with seven regional offices throughout the world. The establishment and maintenance of international Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs), as well as Procedures for Air Navigation (PANS), are fundamental tenets of the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) and a core aspect of ICAO’s mission and role. ICAO works with the Convention’s 191 Member States and industry groups to reach consensus on international civil aviation Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) and policies in support of a safe, efficient, secure, economically sustainable and environmentally responsible civil aviation sector. These SARPs and policies are used by ICAO Member States to ensure that their local civil aviation operations and regulations conform to global norms, which in turn permits more than 100,000 daily flights in aviation’s global network to operate safely and reliably in every region of the world. According to the terms of the Convention, the Organization is made up of an Assembly, a Council of limited membership with various subordinate bodies and a Secretariat. The chief officers are the President of the Council and the Secretary General. 9

The Assembly, composed of representatives from all Contracting States, is the sovereign body of ICAO. It meets every three years, reviewing in detail the work of the Organization and setting policy for the coming years. It also votes a triennial budget. The Council, the governing body which is elected by the Assembly for a three-year term, is composed of 36 States. The Assembly chooses the Council Member States under three headings: States of chief importance in air transport, States which make the largest contribution to the provision of facilities for air navigation, and States whose designation will ensure that all major areas of the world are represented. As the governing body, the Council gives continuing direction to the work of ICAO. The Secretariat, headed by a Secretary General, is divided into five main divisions: the Air Navigation Bureau, the Air Transport Bureau, the Technical Co-operation Bureau, the Legal Bureau and the Bureau of Administration and Services. In order that the work of the Secretariat reflects a truly international perspective, professional-level personnel are recruited on a broad geographical basis. ICAO works in close cooperation with other members of the United Nations family such as the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the Universal Postal Union (UPU), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) and the International Maritime Organization (IMO). (B) EUROCONTROL is the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation and is an inter-governmental organization working for seamless, pan-European air traffic management. The organization was established in 1960 by six European States, i.e. Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, for the purpose of developing a coherent and coordinated air traffic control system in Europe. The EUROCONTROL International Convention relating to Co-operation for the Safety of Air Navigation was signed at Brussels on 13 December 1960 and entered into force on 1 March 1963. Four 10

Member States (Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, and The Netherlands) agreed in 1964 to set up a single international air traffic control centre to manage their upper airspace, finally settling on Maastricht in the Netherlands. In 2014, the organization had 40 Member States, counting the European Community as a member. The Organization’s strategic objectives are classified in specific areas: Safety, Capacity, Efficiency, Security, and Environment. To achieve its mission and objectives, EUROCONTROL initiates, develops, and coordinates short-, medium- and long-term pan-European air traffic management strategies and their associated action plans. This is done in a collective effort involving civil and military aviation stakeholders (national authorities, air navigation service providers, civil and military airspace users, airports, industry, professional organizations), the European institutions (such as the European Aviation Safety Agency, the European Community, the European Civil Aviation Conference, etc.). EUROCONTROL’s has its main headquarters in Brussels, Belgium. (C) The Single European Sky (SES) It is a European initiative to improve the way Europe’s airspace is managed. Its purpose is to modernise Europe’s airspace structure and air traffic management technologies so as to ensure forecast growth in air traffic can be met, safely and sustainably, whilst reducing costs and improving environmental performance, ensuring Europe’s aviation industry remains globally competitive. INPUT Exercise 2. For items 1-10, match statements to sections of the text (A, B or C).  It meets every three years to review in detail the work of the Organization, to set policy for the coming years and establish a triennial budget. 1)____  It develops, coordinates and plans for implementation of short-, medium- and long-term pan-European air traffic management strategies. 2) ____  One of its purposes is to reduce costs and improve environmental  performance.3)_____  The Council is composed of members from 36 States. 4)_____ 11

     

It works in close cooperation with civil and military aviation stakeholders and the European institutions. 5)_____ The Secretariat, headed by a Secretary General, is divided into five main divisions. 6)____ It provides a legislative framework to meet future safety, capacity and efficiency needs at a European rather than at a national level. 7)____ From its beginning in 1944 it has grown to an organization with 191 Member States. 8) ____ It is the European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. 9)____ It is the specialized agency of the United Nations whose aim is the safe and orderly development of all aspects of international civil aeronautics. 10)____

LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 3. Match the words in bold in the text with their synonyms below : a) joint, b) partnership, c) occurring every three years, d) administration, e) fundamental, f) principle, g) adjust, h) independent, i) main office, j) auxiliary. Exercise 4. Explain the underlined parts in your own words. Exercise 5. Match a word on the left with a word on the right to make phrases relating to international organizations. Choose 3 of them and prepare 3 sentences of your own. 1) globally ….................................................................a) offices 2) aviation …………………………………………… b) aspect 3) triennial........... ............................................................ c) tenets 4) sovereign .....................................................................d) consensus 5) subordinate ..................................................................e) global norms 6) conform to ...................................................................f) bodies 7) to reach ........................................................................g) body 8) fundamental .................................................................h) budget 9) core ..............................................................................i) stakeholders 10) regional…………………………………………… j) competitive 12

Exercise 6. What do the following abbreviations stand for? 1) SARPs, 2) PANS, 3) ICAO, 4) SES, 5) IMO, 6) UNWTO, 7) WHO, 8) UPU, 9) ITU, 10) WMO. SPEAKING Exercise 7. Summarize the text in three paragraphs specifying the following themes: 1. ICAO`s structure. 2. ICAO and Eurocontrol`s main objectives and functions. 3. SES. HOME TASK Exercise 8. Find out some more additional materials about the International Aviation Organizations and prepare the reports. Home work suggestions: www.icao.int/about-icao www.iata.org iawa.org/ https://www.eurocontrol.int/ www.icao.int/.../ifalpa_international_federation_of_air_line

LESSON 3. ICAO ALPHABET LEAD-IN Exercise 1. You are going to watch a video about the ICAO alphabet. Give your answers to the following questions. 1. Why do pilots have their own alphabet? 2. When did ICAO develop the “phonetic alphabet”? 3. What is the whole idea of developing the “phonetic alphabet”? 4. When was the final choice of code words for the letters of the alphabet made? 5. What is a similar solution with numbers?

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INPUT Exercise 2. Read a text about the History of ICAO alphabet and complete the table with missing information. Year Organization The use 1927 ICAN 1946 civil aviation 1947-1951 1 March 1956

throughout the aviation world

It is interesting to note that the first internationally recognized phonetic alphabet was adopted by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) Radio Conference in 1927 and was for use by the maritime mobile service; such alphabet assigns code words to each letter of the alphabet (i.e. Alfa for A, Bravo for B, etc.), so that critical combinations of letters (and numbers) can be pronounced and understood by those who transmit and receive voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of their native language, especially when the safety of navigation or persons is essential. The experience gained with that alphabet resulted in several changes being made by the 1932 Radio Conference of ITU. The resulting alphabet was adopted by the International Commission for Air Navigation (ICAN), the predecessor of ICAO, and was used in civil aviation until World War II. During WWII, the military requirements of joint operations let to the development of a common spelling alphabet for the use of the combined allied services; it became known as the Able Baker alphabet after the words for the letters A and B. After World War II, with many aircraft and ground personnel drawn from the allied armed forces, the "Able/Baker" alphabet continued to be used in civil aviation. The Second Session of the ICAO Communications Division naturally adopted in 1946 that alphabet. However, it was recognized that many speech sounds of this alphabet were associated only with the English language; in fact, an alternative alphabet "Ana/Brazil" was approved by ICAO and introduced for the South American and Caribbean regions. 14

The coexistence of two spelling alphabets led the International Air Transport Association (IATA) at its First Technical Conference in Nice in 1947 to submit for consideration by ICAO a first draft of a proposed single universal alphabet. During 1948 and 1949, Professor Jean-Paul Vinay of the Université de Montréal, Canada worked on the problem in collaboration with the ICAO language section. After those studies, consultations with communications experts and comments from all of ICAO’s member governments, a new ICAO alphabet was adopted and incorporated in the Aeronautical Telecommunications Annex 10 for implementation on 1 November 1951 in civil aviation, with one year transition to this new alphabet. Immediately, problems were found with the newly adopted alphabet. Some users felt that they were so severe that they reverted to the old "Able/Baker" alphabet. Because of the complaints, ICAO decided in 1952 to re-examine the question and its member governments (through airlines, pilots, air traffic controllers, etc.) were invited to collaborate in further studies and actual tests which could be as objective as possible; testing was conducted among speakers from 31 countries, principally by the governments of Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. The conclusions confirmed strikingly the basic soundness of the original work. The final version was implemented by ICAO on 1 March 1956, and thus was adopted by many other international and national organizations, including the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), ITU, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), etc. The phonetic alphabet became to be formally known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet or the NATO Phonetic Alphabet. It is commonly referred to as the Alpha/Bravo/Charlie alphabet. LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 3. Match the words in bold in the text with their definitions below. Choose 3 of them and prepare 3 sentences of your own. 1) joined by treaty, agreement, or common cause____ 2) affording a choice of two or more things, propositions, or courses of action____ 3) connected with the sea in relation to navigation, shipping, etc.___ 4) something succeeded or replaced by something else____ 5) a first or preliminary form of any writing, subject to revision, 15

copying, etc.____ 6) something created by working jointly with another or others_____ 7) a policy of living peacefully with other nations, religions, etc., despite fundamental disagreements _____ 8) eminently, remarkably_____ 9) returned to a former habit, practice, belief, condition, etc._____ 10) the act of implementing, or putting into effect; fulfillment____. Exercise 4. What do the following abbreviations stand for? 1) NATO, 2) IMO, 3) ICAN, 4) ITU, 5) IATA. Exercise 5. Put the words in the correct order to make sentences. 1. alphabet/ newly/the/adopted/ immediately/found/were/problems/with. 2. spelling alphabet/a/of/common/ military requirements/the/joint/of/ the development/to/let/operations. 3. several changes/in/resulted/that alphabet/with/gained/the experience. 4. the Aeronautical Telecommunications Annex 10/in/ incorporated/ adopted/was/and/ ICAO alphabet/new/a. 5. internationally/the/ first/ by /ITU/ was/ phonetic alphabet/ adopted/ recognized. REVIEW Exercise 6. You are going to watch the video and listen to the spelling of aviation phonetic letters. Repeat these letters after the speaker. Exercise 7. Spell the following items with the help of the ICAO letters for your partner to write down: – the town where you were born

– your full name – your address HOME TASK Exercise 8. Did you know that in the NATO/ICAO scheme it is not only the letters that are supposed to be pronounced in specified ways, but also the numbers? Watch the video and give the answers to the following questions. 16

1. What is the proper pronunciation of the numbers 3, 4, 9, 1000? 2. What numbers do we pronounce each digit separately? 3. What exceptions do you know which involve the whole hundreds? 4. How many digits of a frequency must be transmitted? 5. What is the exception in pronunciation of a frequency? Exercise 9. Learn by heart the Aviation Phonetic Alphabet and find out some more additional materials about the history of ICAO alphabet. LESSON 4. AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE LEAD-IN Exercise 1. You are going to watch a presentation about “Parts of an airplane”, while watching make notes what parts of an airplane are mentioned: WingsFuselagePropellerEngine cowlTypes of landing gearFuel tanksWindshieldsCockpitAileronsElevatorRudderFlapsINPUT Exercise 2. You are going to read a text about “Parts of an airplane”. Look at these words from the text and match them with the definitions below (1-14). a) debris, b) collide with, c) to steer, d) frequency, e) satellite, f) flight controls, g) pitch, h) thrust, i) to accelerate, j) drag, k) yaw, l) counteract, m) curvature, n) disrupt 1) to cause disorder or turmoil in___ 17

2) the degree of curving of a line or surface___ 3) to reduce or remove the effect of smth. unwanted by producing an opposite effect_____ 4) is a rotation along the vertical axis of an aircraft ____ 5) is the force that opposes thrust____ 6) to cause to move faster______ 7) is the force that pushes an aircraft forward____ 8) is a rotation along the lateral axis of an aircraft____ 9) the means by which a pilot controls the direction and attitude of an aircraft in flight____ 10) a device designed to be launched into orbit around the earth, another planet, the sun, etc. ___ 11) the number of cycles or completed alternations per unit time of a wave or oscillation____ 12) to direct the course of; guide___ 13) to strike one another or one against the other with a forceful impact; come into violent contact; crash____ 14) the remains of anything broken down or destroyed; ruins. Exercise 3. Read a text about “Parts of an airplane” and think about the questions. 1. Which aircraft component has two parts, installed one on each wing, that operate in different directions? 2. What language do the terms “fuselage” and “empennage” come from? 3. What is a spoiler`s function? How many types of spoilers do you know? 4. What is the difference between a rudder and a horizontal stabilizer? 5. What is a winglet`s purpose? 6. What materials is a windshield made from? 7. How many engines does an aircraft have? 8. What is the struts` function and what does each strut contain? 9. What is the difference between an elevator and a vertical stabilizer? Parts of an airplane Any vehicle, whether it`s a car, truck, boat, airplane, helicopter or rocket, is made up of many individual component parts. Some components are common amongst a variety of vehicles, while others are 18

exclusive to specific types. Figure 1 shows a typical airplane with its major components listed.

Figure 1. Parts of an airplane Aileron The ailerons are located at the rear of the wing, typically one on each side. They work opposite to each other, meaning that when one is raised, the other is lowered. Their job is to increase the lift on one wing while reducing the lift on the other. By doing this, they roll the aircraft sideways, causing the aircraft to turn. This is the primary method of steering a fixed-wing aircraft. Antenna There are numerous radio antennas located around an aircraft, their size and position corresponding to the type of work each antenna must perform and the frequencies being transmitted or received. The GPS antenna, for example, is always mounted to the top of an airplane. This 19

is because the GPS satellites are in Space, and therefore always above the aircraft. Cockpit The cockpit, sometimes referred to as the Flight Deck, is where the pilots sit. It contains the flight controls, which move the airplane, as well as all the buttons and switches used to operate the various systems. Elevator As the name implies, the elevator helps "elevate" the aircraft. It is located on the tail and directs the nose of the aircraft. It is located on the tail and directs the nose of the aircraft either upwards or downwards (pitch) in order to make the airplane climb and descend. Empennage This name stems from the French word "empenner ". The empennage is the name given to the entire tail section of the aircraft, including both the horizontal and vertical stabilizers, the rudder and the elevator. Engine An airplane has at least one, or as many as eight engines, which provide the thrust needed to fly. There are many different makes and models on aircraft today but all perform the same basic function of taking the air that's in front of the aircraft, accelerating it and pushing it out behind the aircraft. Flap Flaps are a "high lift / high drag" device. Not only do they improve the lifting ability of the wing at slower speeds by changing the camber, or curvature of the wing, but when extended fully they also create more drag. This means an aircraft can descend (or lose altitude) faster, without gaining airspeed in the process. Fuselage The fuselage, from the French word "fusele" meaning "spindle shaped", is the portion of the airplane used to literally join, or fuse, the other parts together. It is commonly thought of as the body of the aircraft and holds the passengers and cargo safely inside. Horizontal Stabilizer The horizontal stabilizer is quite simply an upside-down wing, designed to provide a downward force (push) on the tail. Airplanes are traditionally nose-heavy and this downward force is required to 20

compensate for that, keeping the nose level with the rest of the aircraft. Some aircraft can control the angle of the stabilizer and therefore the level of downward force while in flight, while others are fixed in place. Rudder The rudder is attached to the vertical stabilizer, located on the tail of the aircraft. It works identically to a rudder on a boat, helping to steer the nose of the aircraft left and right; this motion is referred to as yaw. Its main purpose is to counteract certain types of drag, or friction, ensuring that the aircraft's tail follows the nose, rather than sliding out to the side. Slat A slat is a "high lift" device typically found on jet-powered aircraft. Slats are similar to the flaps except they are mounted on the leading edge of the wing. They also assist in changing the camber, or curvature of the wing, to improve lifting ability at slower speeds. Spoiler The spoiler's function is to disrupt, or spoil, the flow of air across the upper surface of the wing. They are usually found on larger aircraft, which can have two types installed. The in-flight spoilers are small and designed to reduce the lifting capability of the wing just enough to allow the aircraft to descend quicker without gaining airspeed. The ground spoilers typically deploy automatically on landing and are much larger than their in-flight cousins. Vertical Stabilizer The vertical stabilizer is designed to stabilize the left-right motion of the aircraft. While most aircraft use a single stabilizer, some models use multiple, smaller stabilizers. Windshield The windshield on smaller aircraft is usually made from polycarbonate, a type of plastic, while pressurized airplanes use a sandwich of plastic and glass layers, called a laminate, up to 20mm thick. This is necessary to absorb the impact of birds, insects and other debris that may collide with the windshield as the airplane flies at close to the speed of sound. Wing The wing provides the majority of the lift an airplane requires for flight. Its shape is specifically designed for the aircraft to which it is attached. On most aircraft, the interior of the wing is also used to store 21

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the fuel required to power the engines. Winglet Some aircraft wings have an additional component called a winglet, which is located at the end of each wing. Its purpose is to reduce the drag (or air resistance) the wing produces as it pushes through the air. Wheel The wheels are another part of the undercarriage, or landing gear. Typically aircraft wheels are filled with nitrogen instead of air. LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 4. The sentences below have been taken from the text you have just read. Use the words in the box to fill in the gaps. The vertical stabilizer, spoiler`s, slats, rudder, flaps, engines, elevator, cockpit, GPS antenna, ailerons, empennage, horizontal stabilizer 1. The ___________is designed to provide a downward force (push) on the tail. 2. The ___________ function is to disrupt, or spoil, the flow of air across the upper surface of the wing 3. The _________ is always mounted to the top of an airplane 4.______ are a "high lift / high drag" device. 5. The _________is the name given to the entire tail section of the aircraft. 6. The _________ is located on the tail and directs the nose of the aircraft either upwards or downwards. 7. The _________, sometimes referred to as the Flight Deck, is where the pilots sit. 8. An airplane has at least one, or as many as eight ________, which provide the thrust needed to fly. 9. The _______is attached to the vertical stabilizer, located on the tail of the aircraft. 10. ______ are similar to the flaps except they are mounted on the leading edge of the wing. 11. _______ roll the aircraft sideways, causing the aircraft to turn. 12. ________ is designed to stabilize the left-right motion of the aircraft.

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Exercise 5. Match the words on the left with the words on the right to make plane parts: 1) horizontal………………… a) spoilers 2) in-flight……………………...b) gear 3) ground……………………… c) deck 4) wing……………………....... d) spoiler 5) flight……………………....... e) let 6) trailing..................………… f) edge 7) under....................................... g) stabilizer 8) landing.................................... h) edge 9) leading ................................... i) carriage SPEAKING Exercise 6. With a partner, act out the roles. Student A: You are a flight instructor. Talk to Student B about: – parts of an aircraft and their functions

– an error he or she makes Student B: You are a student. Talk to student A about aircraft parts and their functions. HOME TASK Exercise 7. Look at the website and complete the table. www.ueet.nasa.gov/StudentSite/engines.html Engine part Function fan compressor compresses air and so increases pressure combustor turbine nozzle Exercise 8. Using the same site, find out about different types of jet engine. Work in small groups. Each of you should choose a different engine. Make notes and then prepare a short presentation for your group to explain how it works and what it is used for.

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LESSON 5. TYPES OF AIRCRAFT LEAD-IN Exercise 1. Look at the six handouts (photos) related to the aircraft. Is it important for controllers to be able to identify an aircraft type? How many of these aircrafts can you identify? Match the following photos (1-6) with the names: AN -225 “Mriya”Gulfstream G 100Airbus A 330Lockheed C-5 GalaxyAirbus A 380Sikorsky S-61 N HelicopterExercise 2. Match the following descriptions with an appropriate aircraft name from Ex.1. a) With the _____, the sky is yours. Designed for air transport needs in the 21st century, its unique size allows airlines to maximize their revenue potential through an optimized, segmented cabin. The _____ cabin is the quietest and most spacious in the sky for passengers. b) The _______ is a large-capacity medium-to-long-range commercial passenger airliner. There are two variants of this aircraft: the long fuselage _____-300 measures 63.6 m in length and can fly up to 10, 500 km. The short fuselage _____-200 measures 59.0 m in length with an operating range of 12, 500 km. c) The _____ aircraft is designed to transport oversized, large-span cargoes placed both inside the fuselage or mounted externally above the fuselage to any place on the globe. The aircraft`s maximum cargo capacity is 250t. d) The ______ was designed fly long distances at high speeds. It can easily complete nonstop trips from Seattle to New York or from Singapore to Tokyo. It can climb directly to 37,000 feet in 16 minutes. The seven-passenger cabin of the _______ is 17.1 feet long, 5.6 feet high, and 4.8 feet wide. e) The _______ is a large military transport aircraft built by Lockheed. It provides the United States Air Force (USAF) with a heavy intercontinental-range strategic airlift capability. f) The _____ was built specifically for overwater operations, particularly oil rig support. Designed with an extremely spacious cabin, 24

it`s one of the most comfortable and quiet helicopters for passengers even now. INPUT Exercise 3. You are going to listen to part of a talk about the Airbus A380. Listen and put these points in the order they are mentioned. Subject Order a) the countries which collaborate in the manufacturing b) the range without refuelling c) the size d) where the plane is put together e) where the wings are made Exercise 4. Answer the questions. Then listen again and check your answers. 1. The speaker says “everything about this aeroplane is enormous- the numbers are truly mind-boggling”. What does this mean? 2. What is the length of the Airbus A380? 3. How many passengers can the Airbus A380 carry? 4. Why does it need to carry 310, 000 litres of fuel? 5. Is the building of the A380 an example of transnational cooperation? What countries took part in its construction? 6. What parts of the aircraft are designed in America? Exercise 5. Look at the sentences from the audio about the Airbus A380. Listen again and complete the sentences. 1. Everything about this aeroplane is ________- the numbers are truly ________. 2. Its ______ length is 73 meters. That`s about as long as the Great Sphinx in Egypt. 3. Incredibly, though, the A380 will actually be more _________ than other, similar-sized jumbo-jets. 4. The building of the A380 is a _________example of transnational cooperation. 5. The final assembly line is in Toulouse in France, but this is only the end of an impressively ________ process. 25

6. In fact, in terms of ________ cost, almost half the aircraft is made in the USA. LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 6. Many adjectives were used by the speaker to describe the construction of the A380. Add the following adjectives to the table below: immense, complex, overwhelming, complete, current, extraordinary, incomplete, standard, easy, past, ugly, tiny. Adjective Synonym (similar Antonym ( opposite meaning) meaning) actual remarkable overall mind-boggling complicated enormous Exercise 7. Match the words on the left with the words on the right to make phrases relating to the A380: 1) assembly a) area 2) two-deck b) together 3) similar-sized c) cost 4) take-off d) length 5) to be put e) fuselage 6) actual d) weight 7) wing f) electronics 8) the result of g) line 9) overall h) jumbo-jets 10) cockpit i) collaboration SPEAKING Exercise 8. You are going to read the other text about aircraft types. Think of two or three questions you`d like to ask students about it after reading. HOME TASK Exercise 9. Prepare a presentation “Types of general aviation airplanes”. 26

MODULE II INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTS. AIRPORT SECURITY LESSON 1 WHEN YOU TRAVEL,... LEAD-IN Exercise 1. Discuss the questions. 1. Do you ever travel by plane? 2. Do you enjoy it? 3. What do you like/dislike about air travel? Exercise 2. Complete the questions /statements you might hear in an airport with the words in the box. proceed aisle card passport priority X-ray hand gate check boards 1. Can I see your_________? 2. Your _________number is 42. 3.In a few moments we will be calling all passengers with________boarding. 4. Would you like an ________seat or a window seat? 5. Your flight _______at 09.30. 6. Please have your boarding __________ready for inspection. 7. How many bags do you have to_______in? 8. Do you have any _______luggage? 9. Please _________to gate number 30. 10. Put your hand luggage through the_______machine. INPUT Exercise 3. Work in pairs. Write a list of three things you must and mustn`t do in an airport. Exercise 4. Read the article. Does it mention your ideas? Exercise 5. Work in pairs and discuss. Do you agree with the advice? Have you ever experienced any of these problems?

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Ten things NOT to do in an airport 1) Pick the wrong terminal- Most airports have more than one terminal, so check which terminal you need before your taxi drops you off and drives away. 2) Annoy the check-in desk- They may be taking a long time, but getting annoyed with them will get you nowhere. 3) Make jokes about bombs or drugs- You might end up in jail instead of enjoying your holiday. 4) Take more than one bag- If it says one bag only for hand luggage, then you can`t bring your handbag and shopping bags, too. 5) Go crazy on liquids- 100 ml is the limit. No extra bottles of suncream, shampoo and hair conditioner. 6) Waste people`s time- Take off your jewellery, watch and belt before you go through the X-ray machine, so people don`t have to wait while you go through the machine again and again. 7) Leave things in the tray- Don’t wait until you get to the departure gate before you remember that you left your phone, iPod, keys and passport in the tray. 8) Use the airport internet terminals- They are slow and expensive, and you`ll soon wish you hadn`t bothered. 9) Shop because you`re bored- You got cheap flights and a budget hotel, so why waste money on things you don’t need, like giant-sized chocolate bars? 10) Leave the toilet stop until it`s time to board- You`ll keep the other passengers waiting, and then have to make that embarrassing walk down the aisle when you finally board. LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 6. You are going to watch a video about Craziest Things Found by Airport Security. Watch and match the halves (110) with the halves (a-j) to complete the sentences. 1) A coral covered cannonball was determined to be denied 2) The Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport encountered a man 3) Headlines were ablaze raising questions as 4) In 2010 at Bangkok International Airport in Thailand, 5) It is uncertain if the drug smuggler 6) Officials asked if he had anything else illegal to declare and 28

7) The German couple that tried to smuggle them back home after 8) In 2002, a frightening weapon known as a “wheel of pain” 9) With careful examination it was discovered 10) Security decided to physically inspect her with a more than careful patdown after a) was discovered through the screening process of the Newark Aiport. b) they discovered a specially designed apron with multiple pockets to carry 15 bags of 51 different kinds of tropical fish. c) that the lipstick was a 350 000-volt stun gun. d) a sedated 2 month old tiger cub was found in a suitcase amongst stuffed animals. e) broke his leg specifically for this task or if it was accidental. f) a trip to South America faced criminal charges. g) he blatantly admitted to having a pair of monkeys in his underwear. h) who had 30 dead venomous snakes packed in jars and bottles that he checked into his luggage. i) access onto an airplane due to its viable explosiveness. j) to where these heads were being sent and why. Exercise 7. Match the words (1-9) with their definitions (A-I). Choose 3 of them and prepare 3 sentences of your own. Patdown burning, very excited 1 A Ablaze poisoned, toxic 2 B Viable calm under the influence of a sedative 3 C Venomous a person who imports or exports (goods) 4 D secretly, in violation of the law, especially without payment of legal duty Stun gun an accusation of crime, formulated in a 5 E written complaint Sedated when you do it obviously, without trying to 6 F hide it Smuggler it is an electrical self-defense device that uses 7 G high voltage to stop an attacker Criminal practicable; workable 8 H charges Blatantly an act of passing the hands over the body of a 9 I 29

clothed person to detect concealed weapons, drugs, etc.; frisking SPEAKING Exercise 8. Complete the following dialogue with the words and phrases from the box below: available flight , cover the cost for, relief, airport shuttle bus, keeping track, fix, alternative flight, connecting flight Mr.John: I heard the announcement that my flight would be delayed. I wouldnʼ’t be able to get to the airport on time, right? Airline Manager: Right, but no problem, sir. We are _________ of all flights. Mr. John: Do I have to speak to someone? Airline Manager: No, sir. We can _________ the situation for you. Mr. John: What will happen if I cannot get on a ___________ because of that delay? Airline Manager: We can check online if there is another __________with the same airline. If there is none, we can also look for an _____________with another carrier. Mr. John: What would happen if you couldnʼ’t find any flight? Airline Manager: The ___________ would take you to a local hotel. Mr. John: Should I pay for the stay then? Airline Manager: No need, sir. We would ________your hotel room. Mr. John: Thatʼ’s a _______, thanks for the information. Exercise 9. Have a role play with your partner in the situation below. Situation: You heard the announcement of the flight delay. Ask the airline manager what will happen if you miss the connecting flight. Your partner will be the airline manager. HOME TASK Exercise 10. A travelers` magazine has asked its readers to send in short stories entitled: “The best travel experience of my life” (80100 words). When writing a story, present the events in the order they happened. This will help readers follow the story easily. 30

LESSON 2. INTERNATIONAL AIPORTS LEAD-IN Exercise 1. Match the photos (A-F) with the names of International Airports (1-6).

A)

B)

C)

D)

E) F) 1) Madeira International Airport, Portugal 2) Denver International Airport, USA 3) Princess Juliana International Airport, Saint Martin 4) Incheon International Airport, South Korea 5) Hamad International Airport, Qatar 6) Congonhas-Sao Paulo Airport, Brazil 31

Exercise 2. You are going to watch a presentation about “Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport”, while watching think about 3 questions of your own which you can ask your groupmates. INPUT Exercise 3. Read the text about “The most impressive airports”. One sentence is missing in each of the paragraphs. Mark the number with a letter. One sentence is extra. Incheon International Airport, South Korea Named Airports Council International’s “Best Airport Worldwide” for seven years running, Incheon is a gateway to Korea and an aviation connection between Asia and the world. In mid-2011, nine international design teams competed to design a second, 72-gate terminal that doubles the airport’s size.1) _____. Slated for 2017 completion, Terminal 2 will incorporate advanced technologies that set new performance benchmarks for the celebrated airport. Hamad International Airport, Qatar Opened in 2014, Hamad (formerly New Doha International Airport) replaces Doha International Airport. It provides significantly increased passenger capacity and cargo facilities. 2)_____. The new airport initially accommodates 24 million passengers and 750,000 metric tons of cargo annually. It features, among other facilities: two of the longest commercial runways in the world, a control tower some 85 meters (about 280 feet) tall, a striking passenger terminal of nearly 5.5 million square feet (some 510,000 square meters) with 40 gates, a 150,000square-meter (1.6 million-square-foot) aircraft maintenance center, one of the world’s largest airport catering facilities, state-of-the art airtraffic-control equipment and security systems. Denver International Airport, the USA Denver International Airport has a distinctive roofline that evokes the Rocky Mountains. The airport was opened in 1995, and has received various awards for its effective operations. Yet the airport is not safe for the landing of business flights. There is actually a vast underground installation beneath the airport.3) ______. Congonhas-Sao Paulo Airport, Brazil 32

Congonhas-Sao Paulo Airport is located in Brazil, in a city of 14 million inhabitants. The airport is constructed miles away from the center of the city, landing here is cheaper yet highly dangerous. 4)_____. The airport poses several landing issues on the pilots, such as over-population of the city and limited area, as well as noise pollution. Princess Juliana International Airport, Saint Martin If you’ve seen the videos of landing at this airport, then you must be familiar with the fact that it is situated close to a Saint Martin’s beach, having a fence and road that set down on the runway. 5)____. The risks involved are high chances of jet blast, and physical harms. Madeira International Airport, Portugal Madeira International Airport extends its runway on piling over the ocean. 6)____. It killed over 130 people in different flights, which led the government to decide that this airport should not be used for international flights. The air-traffic has managed to control the situation so far, but still its short runways are highly unsafe. A) It also offers airfield capacity for a wide range of aircraft including the latest A380 within the ever-expanding fleet of Qatar Airways. B) What makes it dangerous is that the airport was opened in 1936, in those days the city’s population was not high as compared to what it is nowadays C) The airport was opened in 1964 in North Atlantic, and has two short runways. D) Plane enthusiasts from all parts of the world love viewing this airport, but the flights’ landing here is going to be much dangerous. E) Also the artwork of the airport is highly bizarre, making it a bad fit for most of the flights. F) The airport’s expansion includes a second control tower, train station, parking facilities, and an integral hotel and conference center. G) Everything about this aeroplane is enormous- the numbers are truly mind-boggling.

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Exercise 4. Discuss the following question. 1. Did you have a positive or negative experience in the airport? Think of some interesting/important event concerning airport services that happened to you at the international airport. LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 5. Match the words (1-10) with their synonyms (A-J). Choose 3 of them and prepare 3 sentences of your own. 1 2 3 4 5. 6 7 8 9 10

gateway benchmark accommodate striking state-of-the art distinctive evoke jet blast bizarre fleet

unusual peculiar induce, stimulate exhaust gas flow a number of vehicles advanced, up-to-date extraordinary reference point entrance supply

A B C D E F G H I J

Exercise 6. Match the things (airport stuff and places) to their meaning by writing the numbers in the boxes below. № Thing № Meaning An itinerary A ticket which lets a passenger 1 board a plane luggage A document that allows someone 2 to stay in a country for a period of time a passport A document that contains all the 3 details of a journey, for example, where and when a flight will take off and land a boarding pass Things that people take with them 4 when they travel, for example, clothes a destination A personal document which 5 contains a photo of an individual 34

and states his/her nationality, age etc 6

a visa

A place at the end of a journey

Exercise 7. Below is Tom`s airport experience from start to finish. Fill in the gaps with the words (verbs and nouns) below. Write some of the verbs in their “past simple” forms. An itinerary a boarding pass immigration a gate to pack a visa to check in to declare luggage to take off a destination to disembark customs airport security to board baggage claim a passport 1. He __________ lots of clothes into a suitcase. 2. He checked his flight details on his _________. 3. He went to the airport and took his passport and his _________ with him. 4. He __________ to let the airline know that he had arrived. 5. At the check-in counter, the airline employee confirmed his identity by looking at his_________. Finally, he gave them his luggage. 6. He then received his_______, which would let him board the plane. 7. He went to_________ where an x-ray machine scanned his bags. 8. He proceeded to his ___________ and waited for his flight. 9. When it was time to go the airline staff asked the passengers to________ the plane. 10. When everyone was on the plane, the plane ___________. 11. After a few hours, the plane arrived at its_____________. 12. Everyone ___________ from the plane. 13. Before he could officially enter the country, he would have to pass ___________. 14. At immigration, an officer gave him a 4 week tourist_________. 15. He went to ________ to collect his luggage. 16. Before he could leave the airport he had to go through __________. 17. He told the officer at customs that he had “nothing to___________”. Finally, he left the airport and got a taxi.

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SPEAKING Exercise 8. Look at these problem situations and decide with your partner what would be the best way to resolve them. Some questions have more than one possible answer. Problem 1 When James got to his destination, he unlocked his suitcase using a key and opened it. He saw that there was nothing inside. He knew that theft couldn`t have been the reason as his suitcase had been locked the whole time. Question: What did James forget to do? Answer______________________________________________. Problem 2 A man named Abdul was arrested by airport police because a bomb was discovered inside his laptop bag. Question: Where in the airport do you think the bomb was discovered? Answer________________________________________________ _____________________. Problem 3 Sam arrived at the airport and wanted to check in for his 8:00 pm flight. He was annoyed to see that there were 50 check-in desks, one for each airline. He couldn`t remember which airline he had booked his ticket with so he didn`t know which desk to go to. Question: What should he have taken with him to the airport? Answer________________________________________________ _____________________. Problem 4 Sarah went to the airport at 5:30 pm because she was going to fly to Dubai at 6:00 pm. At the airport she found her check-in desk, waited in a queue and then checked in. She then made her way to airport security where she waited in a very long queue. Eventually, she got through security. She ran to her gate, which was quite far from airport security. When she got there, she was told that the plane had taken off 30 minutes before, so she had already missed her flight. 36

Question: What was Sarah`s biggest mistake? Answer________________________________________________ _____________________. HOME TASK Exercise 9. Find out additional information about Extraordinary Airports Around the World.

LESSON 3. AIRPORT SECURITY: 3 D BODY SCANNER LEAD-IN Exercise 1. Look at the following quotes about AIRPORT SECURITY. What do you understand by them? “The only sure way of dealing with the threat is to talk to every passenger and find out whether they can tell a convincing account of their travel plans.” UK newspaper Daily Mail “Body scanners represent the most advanced passenger screening technology available and capable of detecting a range of sophisticated threats.” Travelsecure website “Technology can help the qualified, well-trained human being but cannot replace him.” UK newspaper Daily Mail Exercise 2. You are going to watch a video about Flawless Airline Security on Israeli Planes. Give your answers to the following questions. 1. What are Israeli airport security measures? 2. Does ethnic profiling endanger people`s democratic values? 3. Is it easy to detect a suspicious passenger? 4. What do Israeli flights have aboard? 5. What makes Israeli airport security so great?

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Exercise 3. What do you understand by these phrases? Write down your answers. 1. 3 seconds____________________________________ 2. 95 % ______________________________________ 3. for more than 3 decades___________________________________ 4. 15-minute check_________________________________________ INPUT Exercise 4. Look at the following headline. What do you think this article is about? New Body Scanners See Through Clothes Exercise 5. Read the article and see if your predictions were correct. Travellers at two US airports will soon be searched by new high-tech scanners. International airports in Los Angeles and New York have installed digital body scanners that can 'see through' clothing. The new machines will mainly search for weapons and explosives. They use the very latest technology, called millimeter wave imaging. Radio waves create a 3-D image of someone's body to see if they are concealing anything dangerous. Government officials say the new equipment will make air travel safer. A spokesperson said: "Imaging devices are not a brand new security tool, but they are a brand new security tool for airports." There are plans to install the devices in another 30 airports across the country. An official promised that passengers will prefer the scanner to a security guard patting their body. The new technology has raised questions by privacy groups, who believe the scanning process is too detailed. They say the device can see too much of the naked body. A civil liberties spokesman said it was the same as a virtual strip search. He warned: "We need to make sure there are good safeguards. The temptation is great not to follow procedures when a celebrity or someone well-known is involved." One female passenger at LA airport suggested that only female operators should be allowed to scan female passengers. She said she was highly embarrassed to see a male official looking at the digital image of her body. She was also worried the scanned images could end up on the Internet. It seems it's only a matter of time, however, before the machines replace metal detectors. 38

Exercise 6. Discuss the following questions. 1. Do you understand why privacy groups are worried? 2. Do you share the civil liberties group's concerns that the scanner is the same as a virtual strip search? 3. Do you think airport staff would use the scanner for the wrong purposes? 4. Do famous people need extra attention when passing through the body scanner? 5. Do you think the 3-D images could end up on the Internet? 6. Do you think air travel will ever be totally free from terrorist attack? 7. What do you think of the current security procedure of metal detectors and being searched by security officials? 8. What other kinds of security would you like to see at airports? Exercise 7. Read the article again and mark the following statements True (T) or False (F). Correct the false statements. 1. All international airports will soon have high-tech body scanners. 2. The main purpose of the scanners is to prevent terrorist attacks. 3. The scanners are a brand new tool for the global security industry. 4. An official said people will prefer metal detectors to the body scanner. 5. Civil liberties groups are concerned about people`s privacy. 6. The civil libertarian was worried about celebrities and famous people. 7. A passenger wondered whether body images would be posted. LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 8. Match the words (1-10) with their synonyms (a-j): 1) searched a) hiding 2) mainly b) reach 3) concealing c) touching 4) devices d) created 5) patting e) freedoms 6) raised f) frisked 7) liberties g) machines 8) safequards h) appeal 9) temptation i) precautions 10) end up on online j) largely 39

Exercise 9. Match the words and word combinations on the left with those on the right: 1) searched by new a) questions 2) mainly search for weapons and b) embarrassed 3) radio waves create a 3-D image c) tool for airports 4) they are a brand new security d) high-tech scanners 5) a security quard patting e) much of the naked body 6) the new technology has raised f) their body 7) they say the device can see too g) are good safequards 8) we need to make sure there h) of time 9) she said she was highly i) of someone`s body 10) it seems it`s only a matter j) explosives SPEAKING Work in pairs Exercise 10. You are going to take part in a debate. Students A strongly support airports using body scanners that can see through clothes to improve security; Students B are strongly against this. Exercise 11. Look at these expressions below that will be useful in the debate: I`m (very much) in favour of / (really) against…. I think / feel /believe that… It seems to me that…. The way I see it… Agreeing Partially agreeing Disagreeing That`s right. You`ve got a point I (totally) disagree. I agree (with you). there, but… I don`t agree (with Exactly/ I agree to some extent, you). Absolutely/ but… I`m not so sure. Definitely. I take/ see your point, I`m (still) not I suppose so. but… convinced. Fair enough, but… I know what you mean, but …

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HOME TASK WRITING Exercise 12. Write a magazine article about the necessity of 3-D body scanners at airports. Include imaginary interviews with an airport security chief and passengers.

LESSON 4. AIRPORT SECURITY MEASURES LEAD-IN Exercise 1. Match the following handouts (photos) security checks with the names. Rate each item from 10 (This is essential) to 1 (This is unimportant). ______metal detectors _____ 3-D body scanners _____ sniffer dogs television) _____ strip searches

______ iris identification ______fingerprinting ______ CCTV (closed circuit _______body patting searches

INPUT Exercise 2. Read the text about the different kinds of Airport Security Measures and answer the questions. According to the Department of Homeland Security, 730 million people travel on passenger jets every year, while more than 700 million pieces of their baggage are screened for explosives and other dangerous items. Airport security refers to the techniques and methods used in protecting passengers, staff and aircrafts. Large numbers of people pass through airports every day. This presents potential targets for terrorism and other forms of crime because of the number of people located in a particular location. There are a lot of essential security measures at an airport. The high-tech buzzword in airport security today is biometrics. Biometrics generally refers to the study of measurable biological 41

characteristics. There are several types of biometric identification schemes: face: the analysis of facial characteristics ; fingerprint: the analysis of an individual's unique fingerprints; hand geometry: the analysis of the shape of the hand and the length of the fingers; iris: the analysis of the colored ring that surrounds the eye's pupil; signature: the analysis of the way a person signs his name; voice: the analysis of the tone, pitch, cadence and frequency of a person's voice. The passenger is screened through security, which will always envolve an x-ray screening machine, looking through any hand luggage intended to be brought into the aircraft’s cabin. Such an x-ray machine generates x-rays from a high-voltage coil in an oilbath, not from dangerous radioactive materials. The x-rays are therefore very weak, and cannot harm you, your belongings or anything else around it. X-ray machines use low dose penetrating radiation for detecting suspicious metallic and non-metallic objects hidden under clothing or in shoes and in the cavities of the human body. It does take a lot of training to interpret these pictures accurately, and it takes even more training to be able to do it as fast as the security personnel at airports do it, but we’ll take a stab at a quick walk-through here. The basics of image interpretation means knowing what the strange colors stand for. Here it is: – Blue equals hard materials. Metal (blue/black), hard plastics, alloys etc. For example, your gun or your metal knife will show up as blue or black or a mix. So will wires, your sunglass case, batteries, etc. – Orange is biological material. Anything that is natural, that is, and some things that aren’t. Rubber, leather, food, dynamite and 42

other explosives (except plastique – that’ll turn slightly blueish), all liquids and gels and organic powders (like flour, for example). – Green is for plastics and alloys, where the density isn’t great enough to make it blue or black. This can also be ceramics, though only the densest of them. Normally, ceramics (think ceramic knives) will show up as orange. Gas chromatography is a technique for separating closely-related compounds from a liquid or gaseous mixture. Applications of gas chromatography include : drug detection, fire investigation, environmental analysis, explosives investigation, identification of unknown samples. It can be used in airport security to detect substances in luggage or on human beings. The strategy for airport has been almost technological. But there is also some new technique such as:”behavioural profiling“ or screening. When someone is about to commit a crime or a terrorist act, the stress affects their behaviour. And this stress behaviour is extremely difficult to hide or control. A team of officers attempt to engage in casual conversation with suspicious passengers and ask simple questions to see if they react normally. Now Boarding While most of the things that you can't take on board an airplane are fairly obvious (guns, knives, explosives), there are some things that most people wouldn't think about. Who would have thought that a smoke detector could be considered hazardous? Make sure you contact the local airport authority if you have any concerns about an item you plan to carry with you on a trip. Because terrorism is a constant and terrifying threat, this means that any mention of certain words, such as "bomb," "hijack" or "gun," can 43

lead to your immediate removal from the plane and quite possibly your arrest, even if the word is said in an innocent manner. Everyone who works in aviation, from flight attendants to security personnel, is trained to react immediately to those words. 1. How many airline passengers travel every year? 2. How would you define “Airport Security”? 3. What are different types of airport security measures? 4. How many types of biometric identification schemes do you know? Explain their functions. 5. How do the X-ray machines work? 6. Have you ever wondered how to read the x-ray images? What do you know about it? 7. What applications of gas chromatography could you name? 8. Is it important to have ”behavioural profiling“ in airport security? Why? Why not? 9. How can Airport Security be improved? LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 3. Match the words (1-10) with their synonyms (a-j). Choose 3 of them and prepare 3 sentences of your own. 1) buzzword......................................... a) bombs 2) application ....................................... b) thickness 3) to generate........................................ c) popular word 4) to penetrate....................................... d) to involve 5) suspicious......................................... e) use 6) alloy................................................. .f) to create 7) hazardous......................................... g) to invade 8) to engage......................................... .h) distrustful 9) density............................................. .i) mixture, usually of two metals 10) explosives...................................... .j) dangerous Exercise 4. Match the words (1-10) with the words (A-J) to complete the phrases from the text. 1 their baggage are A terrorism and other forms of crime 2 an x-ray machine B identification schemes generates 44

3 4 5

identification of officers attempt engage in immediate removal

6 7

The high-tech buzzword to detect substances in

8

C in airport security to D from a liquid or gaseous mixture E

screened for explosives and other dangerous items

F from the plane G casual conversation suspicious passengers of H unknown samples

several types biometric 9 a technique for I separating closely-related compounds 10 This presents potential J targets for

with

x-rays from a high-voltage coil in an oilbath luggage or on human beings

SPEAKING Work in pairs Exercise 5. Write down ten questions that a journalist could ask the head of airport security about the advantages and disadvantages of airport security measures. Student A, you are the head of airport security. Answer the reporter`s questions. Student B, you are a reporter for a national newspaper. Ask the questions you prepared, and any others that you think of during the interview. Look at these expressions below and add your own to ask questions and express your opinion during the interview: Giving opinions Behavioral-Based Questions The reason I say this is Give me a recent example of a situation that... you have faced when... For me, there are two What happened? How did you handle it? options here. What major problems have you I am convinced that... encountered and how did you deal with it? It is my firm belief By providing examples, convince me that... that... 45

I am inclined to believe Give me an example of a recent situation that... when you disagreed with someone on the It seems to me that... job. As far as I am concerned... To list advantages One advantage of, Another advantage of, One other advantage of, A further advantage of, The greatest advantage of, The first advantage of

To list disadvantages One disadvantage of, Another disadvantage of, One other disadvantage of, A further disadvantage of, The greatest disadvantage of, The first disadvantage of

HOME TASK Exercise 6. Make a poster about the latest airport security measures. Show your work to your groupmates in the next lesson. Did you all have similar things?

LESSON 5. BANNED LIQUIDS ON PlANES LEAD-IN Exercise 1. Work in small groups and discuss the following questions. 1. Have you ever experienced major havoc while traveling? 2. How would you feel about your flight suddenly being canceled? 3.What are the greatest inconveniences about traveling for you – especially by air? 4. When do you think terrorists will stop trying to blow up airplanes? 5. Should people be allowed to carry laptop computers onto airplanes? 6. Do you think airlines should be responsible and pay compensation for anything that is lost, stolen or broken in suitcases? 7. What do you think are the best ways to ensure the safety of airplanes? 8. Would you be willing to pay a lot more money for an air ticket to cover extra security at airports? 46

   

Exercise 2. With your partner(s), talk about how your life would change if using the following means of transport became too dangerous: Airplanes  Boats Trains  Bicycles Subways  Taxis Buses  Other ______________ INPUT Exercise 3. Read the article and guess whether these sentences are true (T) or false (F). New emergency measures have been incorporated into security checks at airports worldwide. Five years after the 911 terrorist attacks, would-be mass murderers are still coming up with ways to breach the tightest of safety checks, as witnessed by the foiled bombings planned on transatlantic planes last week. The perpetrators intended to use liquids to make bombs on board airliners. Authorities have banned all liquids from carry-on luggage. Depending on the destination, all nonessential items must be checked in and stored in the airline’s hold. This includes laptop computers and other electrical items, car keys with a remote control fob and liquid medication that is not on airports’ lists of acceptable substances. In some cases, mothers have to drink the baby milk they carry to satisfy check-in staff of its authenticity. The stringent new actions are creating havoc at major airports. London’s Heathrow is canceling one third of its daily flights to ensure the safety of passengers. Airlines are up in arms at the cancellations, which they deem as a short-term fix and unsustainable for the longer term. Passengers too are facing greater inconveniences and anxiety. Business travelers may switch to private charter jets to avoid having to stow away their computers and peripherals out of reach. Many executives may view the small additional cost they would incur would outweigh the hassles of having no hand baggage. Economy class passengers will inevitably worry about whether their valuables will be lost, pilfered or broken after check-in. Many fear baggage handlers might rifle through suitcases, which may have to be checked-in unlocked. Most airlines do not recompense for damage to or loss of fragile items. 47

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Emergencies are being measured at airports worldwide. Bombings of transatlantic flights were foiled. Authorities have banned liquids from cabin and hold luggage. Mothers are being asked to drink baby milk to prove it is safe. The measures have caused very little disruption at Heathrow Airport. Airlines say the measures cannot be sustained for a long time. Many business travelers may switch to private charter jets. Baggage handlers are worried about rifles in unlocked suitcases.

T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F T/F

LANGUAGE FOCUS Exercise 4. Match the words on the left with their synonyms on the right. Choose 3 of them and prepare 3 sentences of your own. 1) incorporated a) stolen 2) would-be b) evil doers 3) breach c) genuineness 4) perpetrators d) furious 5) authenticity e) potential 6) stringent f) deposit 7) up in arms g) plunder 8) stow h) built in 9) pilfered i) rigorous 10) rifle j) break through Exercise 5. Match the words and word combinations on the left with those on the right: 1) would-be a) bombings 2) ways to breach b) for damage to or loss of fragile items 3) the foiled c) actions 4) stored in the airline’s d) the tightest of safety checks 5) car keys with a remote control e) computers and 48

6)

stringent new

f)

7) 8) 9) 10)

unsustainable avoid having to stow away their outweigh the hassles of airlines do not recompense

g) h) i) j)

peripherals out of reach having no hand baggage mass murderers fob hold for the longer term

SPEAKING Work in pairs Exercise 6. Students A believe airline passengers should not be allowed to have any hand luggage at all. Students B believe hand luggage is OK. Debate this with your partners. REVIEW Exercise 7. You are going to watch the video “Checkpoints of the future”. Match the following future checkpoints with appropriate years. 1.no need to remove coats, shoes, and belts; 2.liquids may be screened in cabin baggage; 3.automated delivery of risk score to the checkpoints linked to the passenger`s belongings; 4.behavior analysis and known traveler information; 5.passenger data collection; 6.fast, uninterrupted throughout; 7.greater automation; 8.liquids and gels over 100 ml will be able to be screened for explosives; 9.remote image analysis; 10.biometric technology provides seamless, secure journeys; 11.integrating new technologies; 12.introduction of riskbased concepts for screening and decision making; 13.passengers can keep liquids and laptops in bags; 14.no need to divest items from hand luggage; 15.security scanners address privacy 2014 2017 2020 and beyond

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

HOME TASK Exercise 8. Make an outline of how you would guarantee the safety of passengers on board airplanes. What security measures would you incorporate at airports and on airplanes? Talk about the ones you liked best and why.

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LIST OF REFERENCES 1. Петращук О.П. Integrative Approach to Language Training of Air Traffic Controllers (Інтегративний підхід до мовної підготовки авіаційних диспетчерів). – Науковий журнал. Вісник НАУ №1, 2014, с.84-89. 2. Brumfit Ch.J. Communicative Methodology in Language Teaching. – Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990. – 166 p. 3. Ch. Brumfit and K. Johnson. Communicative Approach to Language Teaching. – Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1991. – 243 p. 4. http://www.icao.int/secretariat/PostalHistory/annex_10_aeronautical _telecommunications.htm. 5. http://www.icao.int/Pages/default.aspx. 6. http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/aero/parts_of_an_airplane_. 7. http://www.breakingnewsenglish.com/book.html. 8. http://www.britishcouncil.org. 9. http://www.teachingtruffles.com.

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Навчальне видання

FOREIGN LANGUAGE (ENGLISH) Практикум для студентів спеціальності 272 «Авіаційний транспорт», спеціалізацій «Обслуговування повітряного руху», «Системи авіаційного обслуговування», «Безпілотні авіаційні комплекси» (Англійською мовою)

Укладач ВАСЮКОВИЧ Оксана Миколаївна

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