Fire Truck Opn & Maint [PDF]

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LESSON PLAN COURSE

:

Fire Basic Recruit Course (FBRC)

MODULE

:

IV - Basic Firefighting Training

SUBJECT

:

Fire Truck Operation and Maintenance

METHODOLOGY

:

Lecture/Discussion/Demonstration

NUMBER OF HOURS

:

Ten (10) Hours

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

:

At the end of the lesson, the trainees should be able to: 1. identify the different fire apparatus correctly; 2.

recognize the different portable tools regularly seen on fire apparatus accurately.

3. demonstrate how does fire pump and apparatus works with full understanding and appreciation; 4. perform proper handling of portable tools and equipment in the fire apparatus with sense of appreciation and ownership; 5. internalize with sincerity the importance of using fire apparatus to include the proper care and maintenance. LEARNING AIDS

:

LCD Projector, Screen, Portable Computer, Firetruck, Portable Tools and Equipment

REFERENCES

:

Hall, Richard et. al. IFSTA Essentials of firefighting (4th edition). Oklahoma, USA. 2001 Module on Aviation Basic Firefighting Firerescue.com 2013

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I. INTRODUCTION: Preparatory Activities    

Opening Prayer Introduce the instructor Checking of attendance thru class marcher of the day Administrative announcement

Developmental Activities:  

How many fire trucks do you have in your respective fire station? Can you name them and describe how they are used?

I. PRESENTATION 

Introduce and discuss the following topics -



Emphasis on the following key points -



Fire apparatus Pump process

Kinds of fire apparatus Uses of such fire apparatus Pump processes

Summarize the Lesson/Important Points Discussed -

Fire service highly depends on fire apparatus and how its pump operates; therefore much attention should be given.

-

Fire apparatus has its classification depending on its usage.

II. APPLICATION Operation on Fire Apparatus will be shown to the trainees. III. TEST Trainees will be evaluated as to how they operate the fire apparatus primarily the pump and valves that needs to be open so that pressured water is discharge on the nozzle.

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LESSON TIMETABLE MODULE

:

IV – Basic Firefighting Training

SUBJECT

:

Fire Truck Operations and Maintenance

METHODOLOGY

:

Lecture/Discussion/Demonstration

DURATION

:

Ten (10) Hours

DURATION

10 mins.  

CONTENT / TOPIC

STRATEGY / ACTVITY

Introduction - Opening Prayer - Name and describe what fire apparatus do you have in the station. Fire Apparatus & Pumps Ground Flow and Friction Loss Factors affecting the size of apparatus Care and maintenance

    Discussion

15 mins. 2 Hrs.& 5 mins.

Break Fire Apparatus and actual operation of every trainee

   Trainees should be able to operate the fire apparatus.

1 Hr.

Lunch Break

3 Hrs.

Actual Fire Apparatus Operation of every Trainee Break

  1 Hr. & 30 mins.

15 mins. 2 Hr. & 45 Mins.

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Actual Fire Apparatus Operation of every Trainee

EVALUATION / OUTPUT

REFERENCE / TOOLS    

  Discussion / Lecture/

Manual/ Books/ Internet/ Pamphlet

  Fire Apparatus and Tools

 Demonstration

  Demonstration

  Trainees should be able to operate the fire apparatus. Trainees should be able to operate the fire apparatus.

Demonstration   Demonstration

FIRE NATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE FIRE EDUCATION AND PROTECTION UNIT Camp Vicente Lim, Brgy. Mayapa, Calamba City FIRE APPARATUS / FIRE TRUCK OPERATION NAME: _________________________________ COMPANY: _______________________________ A. Steps to move water from the supply to the discharge point PROCEDURES 1. Position apparatus and let engine return to idle (10 pts.) 2. Set parking brake (10 ponts) 3. Engage the pump (15 pts.) 4. Provide water to the pump/ open pump primng valve (10 pts.) 5. Open tank-to-pump valve (10 pts.) 6. Open discharge line (10 pts.) 7. Throttle to the desired pressure (5 pts.) B. Shutting down operations PROCEDURES 1. Close the throttle valve (5 pts.) 2. Close discharge line (5 pts.) 3. Close tank-to-pump valve (10 pts.) 4. Close the priming valve (5 pts.) 5. Disengage the pump (5 pts.)

 

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    Evaluator (name and signature)

DATE: __________

RATE              

       

RATE          

REMARKS      

REMARKS          

LESSON MANUSCRIPT (FIRE TRUCK OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE) FIRE APPARATUS – refers to any fire department emergency vehicles that participate in fire suppression or other emergency situation. PORTABLE EQUIPMENT – refers to those portable tools and appliances carried on the fire apparatus but not permanently attach thereto or part of the apparatus. TYPES OF FIREFIGHTING APPARATUS: 1. COMMAND SERVICE VEHICLE – is a type of vehicle used as command post. It is equipped with radio and other command equipment.

2. PUMPER TRUCK/FIRE ENGINE – is a designed water supply source equipped with centrifugal pump, usually equipped with 4,000 liter tank.

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3. WATER TANK – is a type of apparatus which enables to secure water scarce area for speedy firefighting operations. It is usually equipped with 10,000 to 25,000 liter capacity of water.

4. SQURT – is a type of apparatus which can be rotated 90 degrees horizontally and 240 degrees vertically with stream pattern from straight to full fog. It is equipped with monitor nozzle.

5. RESCUE TRUCK – is a type of apparatus that can perform rescue operation in case of fire, earthquake, and other disaster. It is equipped with rescue equipment.

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6. AERIAL LADDER – is a type of apparatus with a ring angle covering from 10 to 25 degrees. It is equipped with a lift and a basket, and can rescue trapped people.

7. LIGHTING TOWER TRUCK – is a type of apparatus which is essential on firefighting and rescue operation. It has lighting range of 220 degrees.

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8. MINI PUMPER – is a small and quick attacking pumper. It is designed to handle a small fire.

9. MIDI PUMPER – is a type of apparatus which is well suited for a small fire as grass and dumpster. It also carries emergency medical equipment.

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10. CHEMICAL TRUCK – is a type of apparatus which is capable to discharge foams. It is equipped with 2,500 liters capacity of water tanks and pump proportioning system.

11. AERIAL PLATFORM – is a type of apparatus which is usually used in firefighting operation of high rise building. It has working height of 27 meters and two (2) booms.

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12. BREAKSQURT – is a type of apparatus equipped with breaking device and monitor nozzle. It can reach up to 23 meters.

13. MOBILE WATER SUPPLY APPARATUS – is known as tanker or tender. It is a type of apparatus which has larger tank than those in standard pumper.

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14. BRUSH OR BOOSTER PUMP – is a type of apparatus which can carry a small water tank with small capacity pump and a very little hose. It is usually built on utility type vehicle.

15. AIRCRAFT APPARATUS – is a type of apparatus which is usually built to perform for aircraft firefighting rescue. It can carry large quantities of water, foam concentrate and dry chemical extinguishing system. It is basically designed to be self-sufficient.

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16. FIRE BOAT APPARATUS – is a type of apparatus which is used in water-front cities to protect docks, wharves, piers, and boats. It includes water rescue, firefighting and relaying water to land-based apparatus.

TYPES OF PORTABLE EQUIPMENT A modern fire apparatus or fire engine is usually a multi-purpose vehicle carrying paid firefighters or volunteers and equipment for a wide range of firefighting and rescue tasks. Therefore, most fire engines carry portable equipment, such as: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Ladders; Pike poles; Axes and cutting equipment; Halligan bars; Ventilating equipment; Floodlights; Hose ramps; Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA); and General tools.

Most of these portable equipments are separately discussed to other chapters of this training module.

FIRE PUMP THEORY Water hammer - is the force created by sudden acceleration/deceleration of water. HEAD- In the fire service refers to the height of water supply above the discharge orifice. ENGINE DISPLACEMENT - is the measurement of the size of an engine.

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FIRE GROUND FLOW AND FRICTION LOSS CONSIDERATIONS A. Determining Friction Loss Formula: FL = c x Q 2 x L Where: FL = friction loss in psi c = constant for coefficient of friction for hose diameter Q = gallon per minute (gpm) per flow in hundred of gpm = gpm/100 L = length of hose in hundreds of feet = l/100. Example: If 200gpm is flowing from a nozzle, what is the total pressure loss due to friction for 100 feet of 2½” hose? Solution: Given: C = 2 from table 4.3 Q = 200/100 = 2 L = 100/100 = 1 FL = c x Q 2 x L = (2)(2)2(1) = 8 psi B. Determining Elevation Pressure Formula: EL = 0.5 x h Where: EL = the gain or loss of elevation in psi 0.5 = pressure exerted at base of 1 cubic-inch column of water 1 foot high expressed in psi/ft H = height in feet Example: Calculate the total pressure due to elevation pressure for a hose line operating at the top of a 100 ft. hill. Solution: EL = 0.5 x h = 0.5(100ft.) = 50 psi

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C. Elevation Formula by Floor Level Formula: EL = 5(number of storey – 1) Where: EL = the gain or loss of elevation in psi 5 = gain or loss in pressure for each floor level Example: A hose line operating on the 9 th floor structural fire connected to the building’s standpipe system. What is the total pressure loss due to elevation at the base of the standpipe system? Solution: EL = 5psi (9 – 1) = 5psi (8) EL = 40psi D. Pump Discharge Pressure Calculation Formula: PDP = NP + FL + AFL + EL Where: PDP = pump discharge pressure NP = nozzle pressure FL = friction loss in hose AFL = appliance friction loss EL = elevation gain or loss Q = 30 x d 2 x √ NP Example: Consider 200ft. of 1½” smooth bore nozzle taken to the 3 rd floor of a structure. What is the pump discharge pressure (PDP)? NP = 50psi Solution: From: PDP = NP + FL + AFL + EL Q = 30 x d 2 x √ NP = 30 x

( 34 ) 2 x √ 50

= 30 x 0.56 x 7 = 117.6, or 118gpm FL = c x Q 2 x L = 24 x ¿)2 x

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( 200 100 )

= 66.72 or 67psi EL = 5 x (number of storey – 1) = 5 x (3 – 1) =5x2 = 10 psi Thus: PDP = 50psi + 67psi + 10psi = 127psi Example: a fire is discovered on the fifth floor of a structure. The arriving engine company proceeds to the fourth floor of the occupancy and connect four 50-foot section of 1¾-inch hose to the standpipe outlet. The stand pipe is 6 inches in diameter. What is the total pressure loss due to friction and elevation pressure in the stand pipe system and attached hose when 125gpm is flowing? Solution: C=0.052 from table 4.3 Q=gpm/100 =125/100 =1.25gpm L=hose length/100 L=40/100 L=0.40 FL = c x Q 2 x L =0.052X(1.25)²X0.40 FL= 0.03psi Elevation loss in standpipe and hose: Elev. pressure=5 psi X( number of floor-1) =(5)x(5-1) =(5)x(4) =20 psi For 1¾-inch hose: where:c=15.5 from table 4.3 L=200ft/100=2; Q=1.25 GPM FL= c x Q2x L =15.5X(1.25)²X 2 FL= 48.4 psi Total pressure loss= 0.03psi+20psi+48.4 psi =68.4psi

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IMPELLER - the circulating member of the centrifugal pumps that transmit motion to the water. It is the heart of the pump. CENTRIFUGAL PUMP – a revolving motion will create a force outward from the center of rotation. The force produced ids referred to as centrifugal force.

This diagram traces the flow of water through the fire pump. FACTORS THAT AFFECTS THE SIZE OF APPARATUS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Terrain – for steep hill, to operate on the winding road; Bridge weight limit – bridges in the protected area may not be designed to bear the weight of the truck; Monetary constraint – lack of funds; Size of the other apparatus in the area – tanker shuttle flow more easily if same truck or similar size are used; Adequate suspension and steering; Properly sized chassis; Properly sized engine for tank size and terrain; Sufficient braking ability; Proper tank mounting; and Proper and safe tank buffling.

CROSS-SECTION OF CHASSIS

TANK BUFFLING

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TYPES OF PRESSURE 1. Atmospheric Pressure – is the pressure exerted by the atmosphere on the earth. 2. Gauge Pressure – is the measurement of pressure that does not include atmospheric pressure, typically expressed in psig. 3. Absolute Pressure – is the measurement of pressure of pressure that includes atmospheric pressure, typically expressed in psia. 4. Vacuum (Negative) Pressure – is the measurement of pressure that less than atmospheric pressure, typically expressed in inches of mercury (in. Hg.). 5. Head Pressure – is the pressure exerted by the vertical height of a column of liquid expressed in feet: h = 2.31ft./psi x p. Where: h = the height of the water in feet. 2.31 = height in feet 1 psi will raise water p = pressure in psi 6. Static Pressure – is the pressure in a system when no water is flowing. 7. Residual Pressure – is the pressure remaining in the system after the water has been flowing through it. 8. Pressure Drop – is the difference between the static pressure and the residual pressure when measured at the same location. 9. Normal Pressure – is the water flow pressure found in a system during normal consumption demand. 10. Velocity Pressure – is the forward pressure of water as it leaves an opening. 11. Pressure Gain and Loss – is the increase or decrease in pressure as a result of an increase or decrease in elevation. 12. Nozzle Pressure – is the design operating pressure for a particular nozzle. 13. Friction Loss – is the reduction in energy (pressure) resulting from the rubbing of one body against another, the resistance of relative motion between the two bodies in contact, typically expressed in pound per square inch (psi).

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FIRE PUMP CONSTRUCTION AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION A. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP - Are used as priming pump to get the water into the centrifugal pump during drafting operation. Example: • •

Piston pump Rotary pump. (1.rotary gear pump; 2. rotary vane pump)

B. CENTRIFUGAL PUMP - Not self-priming. POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMP

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CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Diagram of the Centrifugal Pump

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ROTARY PUMP

PUMP WEARING & PACKING – is the most common type of packing is a material made of rope fiber impregnated with graphite.

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FIRST IMPELLER

SECOND IMPELLER

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE A CENTRIFUGAL FIRE PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE 1. The amount of water being discharged; 2. The speed at which the impeller is turning; and 3. The pressure that the water has when it enter the pump. ADVANTAGES OF THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

The pump gives a constant flow; It is simpler in construction and operation than other pumps; It is easy to maintain and less likely to be damaged by bad pump operation; The pump is small and compact; The flow can be interrupted without stopping the engine; and It is easily adaptable to the internal combustion engine by direct drive.

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2 MAIN DISADVANTAGES OF THE CENTRIFUGAL PUMP 1. The efficiency if the centrifugal pump is lower than some positive displacement pumps; and; 2. It requires a separate priming device PUMP MOUNTING AND DRIVE ARRANGEMENT 1. AUXILIARY ENGINE DRIVEN PUMP – it has separate engine used to drive the fire pump in various specialized application. It is ideal for pump & roll operation. It can operate away from the fire apparatus by being used as portable unit. 2. CROSS-MOUNTED ENGINE DRIVE – has a separate engine driven pump. It is usually mounted mid ship on the apparatus. It is considered as economical multi-purpose unit. 3. POWER TAKE-OFF DRIVE (PTO) – the pump is driven by a transmission mounted power take-off unit. The PTO pump does not permit “pump & roll” operation. 4. FRONT MOUNTED PUMP – this unit is driven by a universal joint shaft to the front of the crank shaft.The gear box uses a step up gear ratio, causes the impeller to turn faster than the engine. It can be used for pump & roll operation. 5. MID-SHIP TRANSFER DRIVE – the power is supplied to the pump through the use of a split-shaft gear case located in the drive line between the transmission and the rear axle. To prevent damage to the gear, the transmission is in neutral while the power transfer is made. 6. MULTI-STAGE PUMP – is a common type of fire pump in fire service today, is the mid ship mounted two –stage centrifugal pump has two impeller mounted within single housing. Two stage in series for maximum pressure or in parallel for maximum volume. TWO STAGE IN PARALLEL FOR MAXIMUM VOLUME

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TWO STAGES IN SERIES FOR MAXIMUM PRESSURE

PUMP OPERATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Position apparatus and let engine return to idle; Set parking brake; Engage the pump; Provide water to the pump (prime if necessary); Set transfer valve; Open discharge line (s); Throttle to the desired pressure; Set the pressure regulating device; and Maintain appropriate flow and pressure.

BASIC PUMP PROCEDURE 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Never operate the pump without water; Always keep water when operating the pump at high speed; Never open, close, or turn control abruptly; Always maintain awareness of instrumentation driving pumping operation; Never leave the pump unattended; Always maintain constant vigilance to safety.

DRAFTING PROCEDURE a. b. c. d.

Position the apparatus, let the engine return to idle; Set the parking brake; Engage the pump; Connect hard suction hose from the intake to the static water source;

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e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m.

Ensure that all discharge,& drain are closed; Prime the pump; The intake master gauge should read a negative pressure; Verify that the pump is primed; Engage the pump if not engage; Set the transfer control valve; Gradually open the discharge outlet; Slowly increase pump speed; Set pressure regulating device.

APPARATUS MAINTENANCE A. DAILY MAINTENANCE 1. Check crank case oil for proper level; 2. Check coolant level of radiator; 3. Check all batteries; 4. Check all visible &audible warning signal; 5. Check fuel level; 6. Usually check the water tank at all times; 7. Check each tire for cuts, break & proper inflation; 8. Pressure test all brake foot pedal; 9. Clean apparatus windows, wash & dry entire vehicles; and 10. Operates change over valves on two-stage pump B. WEEKLY MAINTENANCE 1. Check transmission oil; 2. Check differential oil level; 3. Check power steering fluid level; 4. Check brake system when equipped with hydraulic brakes; 5. Check master cylinder brake fluid level & watch for any wheel cylinder or hose leaks; 6. On air brakes, check air system for leaks& bleed moisture from air tank; 7. Check fan belt & generator /alternator belt; 8. Check battery terminal& cable; 9. Operate vale in auxiliary cooling system; 10. Check & drain all hoses connection for security; 11. Check drive shaft & universal joint; 12. Clean underneath chassis; 13. Clean engine & electrical motor; and 14. Check for loose nut, stud, & pins C. GENERAL FIRE PUMP MAINTENANCE 1. Open all pump drain & flush out sediment; 2. Check & clean intake strainer; 3. Check-up gear box for proper oil level; Page 25 of 29

LESSON TIMETABLE MODULE

:

7 – Firefighting Apparatus, Tools and Equipment

SUBJECT

:

Firefighting Apparatus, Tools and Portable Equipment

METHODOLOGY

:

Lecture/Discussion/Demonstration

DURATION

:

Eight (8) Hours

Page 26 of 29

DURATION

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CONTENT / TOPIC

STRATEGY / ACTVITY

REFERENCE / TOOLS

EVALUATION / OUTPUT

10 mins.    

1 Hr. & 30 mins. 15 mins. 2 Hrs.& 5 mins. 1 Hr. 2 Hrs. 15 mins. 1 Hr. & 45 Mins.

Introduction - Opening Prayer - Name and describe what fire apparatus do you have in the station. Fire Apparatus & Pumps Ground Flow and Friction Loss Factors affecting the size of apparatus Care and maintenance Break Demonstration on the use of Fire Apparatus and actual operation of every trainee Lunch Break Actual Fire Apparatus Operation of every Trainee Break

   

   

Discussion

 

Actual Fire Apparatus Operation of every Trainee

Demonstration / Practical

Discussion / Lecture/ Demonstration   Demonstration / Practical

Demonstration / Practical

Manual/Books/ Internet/ Pamphlet/   Fire Apparatus and Tools    

Trainees should be able to operate the fire apparatus.

FIRE APPARATUS / FIRE TRUCK OPERATION

A. Steps to move water from the supply to the discharge point Page 28 of 29

 Trainees should be able to operate the fire apparatus. Trainees should be able to operate the fire apparatus.

FIRE NATIONAL TRAINING INSTITUTE FIRE EDUCATION AND PROTECTION UNIT Camp Vicente Lim, Brgy. Mayapa, Calamba City

NAME: _________________________________ COMPANY: _______________________________

   

DATE: __________

PROCEDURES 1. Position apparatus and let engine return to idle (10 pts.) 2. Set parking brake (10 ponts) 3. Engage the pump (15 pts.) 4. Provide water to the pump/ open pump primng valve (10 pts.) 5. Open tank-to-pump valve (10 pts.) 6. Open discharge line (10 pts.) 7. Throttle to the desired pressure (5 pts.) B. Shutting down operations PROCEDURES 1. Close the throttle valve (5 pts.) 2. Close discharge line (5 pts.) 3. Close tank-to-pump valve (10 pts.) 4. Close the priming valve (5 pts.) 5. Disengage the pump (5 pts.)

 

Page 29 of 29

    Evaluator (name and signature)

RATE              

       

RATE          

REMARKS      

REMARKS