Laptop Motherboard Troubleshooting Guide [PDF]

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Table of Contents Security Notice..............................................................................10 Disclaimer......................................................................................11 Introduction…………………………………………………………….....................12 Entrepreneurial Mindset................................................................13

PART 1 Introducing the Laptop Foundation Knowledge Explore a Laptop............................................................................15 How a Laptop Differs from a Desktop............................................16 Review Types of Laptops...............................................................17 Understanding Microprocessors....................................................21 Explore Power Options..................................................................25 Structure of a Laptop.....................................................................27 External Elements..........................................................................28 Internal Elements..........................................................................29 Types of RAM Memories in Laptop................................................31 Types of Laptop Displays................................................................33 Service Manual..............................................................................34 Datasheet of Components.............................................................37 Schematic Diagram........................................................................40

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PART 2 Tools and Equipment a Repair Shop Should Have Hot Air Work Station.....................................................................42 Soldering Iron................................................................................42 Desoldering Pump.........................................................................43 BGA Kit..........................................................................................43 Soldering Leads..............................................................................43 Soldering Paste..............................................................................44 Paste Flux......................................................................................44 Solder Wick...................................................................................44 Jumper Wire..................................................................................45 DC Power Supply Unit....................................................................45 MultiMeter....................................................................................45 Magnifying Glass...........................................................................46 Casing Openers..............................................................................46 ScrewDriver...................................................................................46 Nose Cutter...................................................................................47 Soft Brush......................................................................................47 Wrist Strap....................................................................................47 Antistatic Desk Mat.......................................................................48 Tweezers.......................................................................................48 USB Digital Microscope..................................................................48

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MicroScope....................................................................................49 OscilloScope..................................................................................49 RT809F Programmer......................................................................50

PART 3 Basic Electronics What is Electricity?........................................................................52 Electricity.......................................................................................52 Structure of an atom......................................................................53 Current..........................................................................................53 Voltage..........................................................................................54 Resistance.....................................................................................55 Measuring current, voltage and resistance....................................56 The Water Analogy........................................................................56 Ohm’s Law and Electric Power.......................................................57 Ohm’s Law.....................................................................................57 Electric Power................................................................................58 Direct and Alternating Current.......................................................58

Part 4 How to use a multimeter Selecting a Multimeter..................................................................62 Getting familiar with the multimeter.............................................63

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Ports..............................................................................................64 Measuring voltage.........................................................................65 Checking the continuity.................................................................67 How does it work?.........................................................................68 How to test AC voltage (Alternating Current).................................69

Part 5 Basic Electronics in Laptop Repairing Basic Electronics (SMD components).............................................72 Fuse...............................................................................................73 Resistor.........................................................................................75 Understanding the Resistor Code...................................................75 Determining the value of resistance..............................................77 Resistors in Series and in Parallel...................................................78 Resistors in Series..........................................................................78 Resistors in Parallel........................................................................79 SMD Resistor.................................................................................80 EIA96 SMD resistor code system....................................................81 SMD resistors with 3-digit code values less than 10Ω.....................83 SMD resistor with 4-digit code system Values less than 100Ω……...84 SMD Network................................................................................85 Resistors in the Circuit...................................................................86 Resistor as Resistance....................................................................86

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Resistor as a Reducer Voltage........................................................87 Resistor Grounding........................................................................87 Resistor Measurement..................................................................88 Test SMD Resistors........................................................................89 Capacitor.......................................................................................90 Capacitor basics.............................................................................90 Capacitors in the Circuit.................................................................93 How to measure capacitance.........................................................94 Capacitor measurement using voltage...........................................95 Capacitor measurement without voltage.......................................96 Diodes...........................................................................................98 Diode Zener...................................................................................90 LED Diode....................................................................................100 Testing Diode using (Diode Test Mode + Resistance Mode)..........101 How to test LED (Light Emitting Diode)........................................102 How to test Zener Diode..............................................................102 Inductor-Coil................................................................................103 How to test Inductor....................................................................104 Transistor....................................................................................105 NPN transistor.............................................................................106 PNP transistor..............................................................................106 MOSFET.......................................................................................107

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Types of MOSFET used in laptops.................................................107 PINOUT Identification of Mosfets used in recent Laptops...........108 Transistor Mosfet 8 Legs..............................................................109 N-Channel & P-Channel Mosfet Characteristic.............................110 How to check Mosfet...................................................................112 CMOS or RTC Battery...................................................................114 Crystal.........................................................................................116 Off-On Switches (Power-button)..................................................117 Integrated Circuit (IC)...................................................................119 Where is pin 1 on an IC? ..............................................................120 SUPER I/O....................................................................................122 PWM IC.......................................................................................124

Part 6 Analyzing and understanding the motherboard Analyzing and understanding the Motherboard...........................127 Schematic Diagram......................................................................128 How to get the schematic diagram?.............................................129 General Info.................................................................................129 Find the Motherboard ODMs.......................................................129 Symbol and Screen Printing.........................................................134 Signal Name for Motherboard Manufacturers.............................136

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Operating Sequence....................................................................143 Input Circuit (High Voltage)..........................................................146 Power Section..............................................................................148 Primary Sources (3V and 5V)........................................................152 Charge Source (battery)...............................................................157 VCORE (processor).......................................................................159 Source Chipset.............................................................................160 Chipset Circuit Analysis (VOLTAGE 1.05V))...................................162 Memory Source...........................................................................163 LVDS Circuit (Video).....................................................................165 Voltage Divider............................................................................167 BIOS & RTC (CMOS)......................................................................170 How to re-program (Flash) BIOS?.................................................172 How to remove password BIOS HP...............................................175 How to flash BIOS type TSSOP-8..................................................178 How to Find Short on the Motherboard.......................................185

Part 7 Laptop Repair Case Study Laptop won't turn on?.................................................................188 1- Laptop won't turn on (no signal at all)......................................188 2- Laptop turns on and does not give video..................................191 3- Laptop turns on and off quickly................................................193

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Acer Extensa 5230 Power Failure.................................................195 Acer eMachines E525 Laptop Power Failure.................................212 Acer Aspire D270 Laptop Power Failure.......................................229

Part 8 Useful Laptop Power Sequence by Shri Ram Infotech Laptop Schematic Diagram..........................................................255 Laptop Chip Voltages...................................................................256 Apple Laptop Power Sequence.....................................................257 Intel Core-i3 Laptop Power Sequence..........................................258 SIO Signal Description..................................................................259 VIN Section…………………………….....................................................260 Core i3 VRM Section………………....................................................261

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Security Notice This is the kind of thing I hate having to write about, but the evidence is clear; piracy for digital products is over all the internet. For that reason I’ve taken certain steps to protect my intellectual property contained in this eBook.

This eBook contains hidden random strings of text that only apply to your specific e-Book version that is unique to your email address. You probably won’t see anything different, since those strings are hidden in this PDF. I apologize for having to do that - but it means if someone was to share this eBook I know exactly who shared it and I can take further legal consequences. You cannot redistribute this eBook. This eBook is for personal use and is only available for purchase at: https://www.laptoprepairsecrets.com Please send an email to the author ([email protected]), if you found this eBook anywhere else. What I really want to say is thank you for purchasing this eBook and I hope you have fun with it!

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Disclaimer This eBook has been written for information purposes only. Every effort has been made to make this eBook as complete and accurate as possible. The purpose of this eBook is to educate. The author " LaptopRepairSecrets " do not warrant that the information contained in this eBook is fully complete and shall not be responsible for any errors or omissions. The author "LaptopRepairSecrets" shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect to any loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this eBook.

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Introduction To fix any defect in a laptop you don't have to be an electronics genius, let alone finish studying for it. Of course the more you study the easier it gets, but to do your first motherboard repairs you just need to understand the simple concept of how a motherboard works. As soon as I started in the maintenance of laptops I also imagined that it was very complicated to work with schematics, study electronics and that whole thing. When I was going deeper, I realized that it was nothing like that, everything started to make sense. And believe me, once you start to stand out and earn better for having this knowledge, you will see that it will be worth it. Repairing laptop motherboards and maintaining laptops is a plus. Not only to increase profits but also because of the business opportunities that are much greater for the technician who does this type of service, as it is a market with very few trained professionals. Obviously there are several ways to work with computers and not only repairing laptops, however, knowing how to do this type of service will add a lot and will certainly bring you a greater financial return. I particularly advise you to become an expert and direct your marketing to laptop maintenance. Repairing laptops is a key differentiator for any computer technician. More or less, you'll need it! Even more if you want to grow professionally! So, in this ebook I will reveal step by step what you need to know to fix any laptop and of course, earn very well with this knowledge. I promise content to the point, I don't like the idea of writing something for writing. So you can expect a material of great value, as well as exclusive. More than providing you with information, my goal here is to contribute to your development and help you grow by doing what you like.

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Entrepreneurial Mindset Repairing a laptop motherboard is certainly not something that can be learned overnight. It requires understanding how all the motherboard's components and sources work, as well as how. Interpret a schematic, in addition to practice. However, it is relatively simple, different from what most technicians think that still do not fix. Many of the defects that arise on a laptop motherboard are easy to identify and correct, as long as you have the right knowledge for it. Unfortunately, many technicians don't even know how to test a power button, try to open defective laptops to see if they find the problem. This is very unlikely, and they end up frustrated. I want you from now on to give a lot of attention to the content you are going to study, make notes, reread as many times as necessary that without a doubt you will be able to repair your first laptops and make more money through this knowledge. Before we start to study in depth how a motherboard works and how to use the schematic to identify defects, I need you to know that for you to reach your goal, whatever it may be, you will first need to align your mindset for this, because in addition to being technical you are also an entrepreneur. Many successful entrepreneurs believe that Mindset is the most important step to achieve success in both professional and personal development. And in fact, the way you believe that things can happen in your life is really how they will happen. When you are willing to provide your knowledge in the form of service, you will need to be more than just a technician but also someone who undertakes, that is, someone who will develop a way to improve the lives of others through this knowledge. So you need to keep in mind that you are not just going to be a technician who repairs laptops and computers, but an entrepreneur who created a business and can positively impact other people's lives with his work. Study, develop and want to go further.

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Part 1 Introducing the Laptop Foundation Knowledge

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A laptop (also laptop computer), Laptops have become more and more powerful and much smaller. Laptops have become a necessity of human life, as we know it today. Portable computers, referred to as notebooks or laptops, began as a great tool for people who travel and want to take their computer along. Today, laptops with high-end displays and huge processing power are taking over the desktop, as well. Laptops are lighter and more durable than ever before, making them a practical choice for most computing needs.

Explore a Laptop Laptop is very similar to their desktop counterparts. Both contain a hard drive and other hardware, use an operating system, run software, and save files. Both can be connected to peripheral devices such as printers. However, key differences exist. Laptops, which are designed for portability, are much more compact. Desktops require an external keyboard & mouse, these features along with a monitor are built into laptops. Finally, laptops run on a battery, whereas desktops require an electrical outlet A

Monitor

The monitor on a laptop is typically made of a soft-to-the-touch (and somewhat fragile) liquid crystal display. B

A

Touchpad Mouse

A built-in mouse will either be a touchpad, as shown here, or a button placed among the keys. You can move your finger over the pad to move the mouse cursor on your screen.

B C

D

E

F

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Keyboard

Keyboard configurations vary based on the size of the laptop, with larger laptops having a separate number pad, and smaller ones embedding number-pad functionality within the regular keys. E

DVD Drive

Most new laptops include a DVD drive, although some still use a CD drive. The location of these drives varies by model. D

Function Keys

Most laptops have pre-assigned functions for these aptly named function keys. Typical uses are for muting the speakers or accessing the Internet. F

Battery

A battery usually slots into the bottom of a laptop and needs to be recharged on a regular basis.

How a Laptop Differs from a Desktop In many important ways, a laptop computer and desktop are the same. They are both used for the same functions: Both can be connected to devices such as printers; both contain a hard drive and operating system; and both run hardware and store files. However, there are some interesting differences.

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Size: Laptops are built for portability, while the average desktop computer includes a large central processing unit (CPU) tower and monitor. Input Devices: Laptops have a built-in keyboard and mouse. Desktops use a plug-in or wireless keyboard and mouse. However, you can also plug a standard keyboard or mouse into your laptop if you wish. Monitor: If your desktop monitor wears out, you can replace it. This is not the case with a laptop, where the monitor is attached to the CPU. Power Source: Laptops use a battery that is charged by plugging the laptop into an electrical outlet. Desktops only run through an electrical outlet.

Review Types of Laptops Different manufacturers build a wide variety of laptops with a large range of prices and features. Unlike desktops that let you add a new screen or keyboard, laptops have major components built in, so choosing one that meets your needs is important from the start. For example, if you plan on using your laptop at home or at the office, a general purpose laptop works just fine. But if you plan to use your laptop strictly for video games or movie viewing, you may want a laptop built just for these types of tasks.

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Macintosh Current laptops from Apple are the MacBook (the lower-priced line) and the MacBook Pro. These laptops are only built for Apple, and have a unique operating system. Both the computers and operating system are only available from Apple through its Web site or through Apple reseller stores.

Windows-based PCs Laptops with the Microsoft Windows operating system installed are referred to as PCs, which stands for personal computers. They are made by a variety of manufacturers. You can buy the Windows operating system separately.

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Tablet PCs Tablet PCs are Windows-based machines with a different hardware configuration. They come in a tablet configuration that is similar to a machine version of a legal pad, and a clamshell variety that looks more like a traditional laptop, but that converts into a tablet by swinging the monitor on hinges. You can input data by writing directly on Tablet PC screens using a stylus.

Rugged Laptops Some laptops are marketed for the durability of their chassis. Useful for people who work in industries such as construction or archeology, these models are both more water- and shock-proof than their non-rugged counterparts. Their keyboards are sealed to prevent water damage, they can withstand more variation in temperature, and they can function near electromagnetic transmissions, such as from power generators, without being damaged.

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Ultra Portable Some laptops are designed for travel, weighing in at between two and three pounds. They offer a smaller display and keyboard size, but have the advantage of a longer battery life.

Desktop Today laptops are taking over the desktop, with models that use 17- or even 20-inch monitors and full keyboards with number pads. With wireless Internet connections and a built-in keyboard and mouse, they tend to reduce the clutter of cables that come with standard desktop models.

Multimedia and Gaming Laptops that can handle graphics and animations that appear in many computer games tend to have powerful graphics cards, large screens with high resolution, a lot of memory, and fast processors. These come with a high price tag, but for a dedicated gamer or multimedia designer, they may be worth it.

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Understanding Microprocessors Microprocessor, called a big difference in its performance. A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of processor for short is an important part of a laptop and can make a computer’s central processing unit, or CPU. Microprocessor manufacturers are constantly working to improve them. Newer microprocessors offer more processing power, handle multiple tasks concurrently, generate less heat, and require less power to operate, all important capabilities for laptop computing

What a Microprocessor Does A microprocessor acts as the brain of the computer, handling data, performing calculations, carrying out stored instructions, and so on. Microprocessors, which are integrated circuits composed of millions of transistors, can perform many instructions per second, such as mathematical equations, calibrations, data storage, display updates, and so on. A microprocessor is housed on a tiny silicon wafer base, or chip, where some or all of the functions of a computer’s central processing unit (CPU) are integrated.

The operating frequency, that is, the processing speed, is measured in Megahertz or Gigahertz. For example, if a microprocessor works at 4GHz, it means that its transistors can open and close four billion times in a second; if it worked at 4MHz, it would only be four million times. 4 GHZ = 4,000,000,000 4MGHZ = 4,000,000.

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Microprocessor Design A microprocessor incorporates functions of the CPU onto an integrated circuit, or chip. An integrated circuit is a tiny electronic circuit composed of millions of transistors situated on a silicon wafer. This circuit consists mainly of semiconductor devices - that is, components that make use of the electronic properties of various semiconductor materials (primarily silicon).

Types of Microprocessors Microprocessors are built by several different companies, including Intel, IBM, and AMD. Today's most advanced microprocessors, called dual core, are actually two microprocessors on a single chip.

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Intel manufactured laptop processors can be of 4 types as: 1- Core family of processors: Core Solo M, Core Duo M, Core 2Duo M, Core 2Quad M, Core i3, i5 & i7, Core i7 M Extreme. 2- Pentium family of processors: Pentium M, Pentium Dual Core M, Centrino M. 3- Celeron family of processors: Celeron M, Celeron Dual Core M. 4- Atom family of processors: This type of Atom processors comes inbuilt in MBDs without a removable socket. AMD manufactured laptop processors can be of 5 types as: 1- Phenom family of processors: Phenom M, Phenom-ll M, Phenom-ll Dual/Triple/Quad Core M. 2- Athlon family of processors: Athlon M, Athlon II M and Athlon X2-Dual Core M. 3- Sempron family of processors: Sempron M and Sempron II M. 4- Alpha series family of processors: A Series and V Series. 5- Turion family of processors: Turion M and Turion-ll Dual Core M.

Clock Rate The clock rate of your processor reflects how quickly your laptop can complete a clock cycle, or click, which is the smallest unit of time a device recognizes. The higher the clock rate, the faster your computer can operate and the more instructions the microprocessor can execute per second. You will often see a clock rate, also known as clock speed, expressed in gigahertz. A microprocessor may execute several instructions in a single clock cycle.

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Operating voltage of a laptop CPU: The working voltage of CPU is not a fixed one. It changes based on the processor with a 7 bit code fit in the CPU socket. This code changes with clock speed of the processor in GHz. When this frequency increases, current flow increases which in turn decreases voltage. The increased current flow dissipates enormous heat that is taken care by the cooling fan & heat sink assembly and by the thermal control IC. This high current can be shared in phases whose no is equal to the no of big inductor coils present near the CPU socket. The working voltage of modern processors is