Coltrane Changes Explained - The Jazz Piano Site [PDF]

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Coltrane Changes Explained Modulation Historically, early Jazz Standards generally modulate (change key/key centre/tonal centre) in one of three ways: Circle of Fifths (G Major to C Major) Whole Step (D Major to C Major) Chromatic (D♭ Major to C Major)

Coltrane Changes But why only use these intervals when modulating? Why can’t we use other intervals? Well, this is the idea behind Coltrane Changes – they change keys by intervals of Major 3rds (E Major to C Major).   Cycle of Fifths

D7

GMaj7

G7

CMaj7

Whole Step

A7

DMaj7

G7

CMaj7

Chromatic

A♭7

D♭Maj7

G7

CMaj7

Coltrane Changes

Dm7 - E♭7

A♭Maj7 - B7

EMaj7 - G7

CMaj7

Note: The keys through which Coltrane Changes modulate create an Augmented Triad: C, A♭, E, C.   John Coltrane did NOT invent modulation through intervals of Major 3rds. This technique had been used before (See Section B of Have You Met Miss Jones?). But Coltrane was the rst person to use this technique extensively in Jazz.  

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Reharmonization Coltrane Changes can be used to reharmonize the following progressions: II-V-I III-VI-II-V I-VI-II-V

II-V-I

Dm7

G7

CMaj7

CMaj7

Coltrane #1

Dm7

G7

EMaj7 - G7

CMaj7

Coltrane #2

Dm7 - E♭7

A♭Maj7 - B7

EMaj7 - G7

CMaj7

III-VI-II-V-I

Em7 - A7

Dm7 - G7

CMaj7

CMaj7

Coltrane

Em7 - E♭7

A♭Maj7 - B7

EMaj7 - G7

CMaj7

I-VI-II-V-I

CMaj7 - A7

Dm7 - G7

CMaj7

CMaj7

Coltrane

CMaj7 - E♭7

A♭Maj7 - B7

EMaj7 - G7

CMaj7

We already discuss the importance of ‘structure’ in music in a previous lesson (on Cycle Patterns (http://www.thejazzpianosite.com/jazz-piano-lessons/jazz-improvisation/cycled-patterns/)). Well,

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Coltrane Changes work well in a reharmonization because the chords move in a structured way (i.e. in xed intervals). We will discuss reharmonization (and the importance of structure in reharmonization) in detail in the next module (http://www.thejazzpianosite.com/jazz-pianolessons/jazz-reharmonization/).   And of course, there’s no reason to stick to only modulating in intervals of Major 3rds. You can change key centres by any ( xed repeating) interval and it will sound good precisely because the interval is xed and repeating (again, this is very similar to the idea of Cycled Patterns).

Using Other Intervals So we can change key using the following intervals: 1 semitone = Half-step 2 semitone = Whole-step 3 semitone = min 3rd (we can call this ‘Minor Coltrane Changes‘ – this creates a diminished 7th chord) 4 semitone = Maj 3rd (Original Coltrane Changes – creates an augmented chord) 5 semitone = Perfect 4th (Standard Circle Progression (http://www.thejazzpianosite.com/jazz-piano-lessons/jazz-chord-progressions/circle-offths/)) 6 semitone = Tritone (= two min 3rds) etc…

II-V-I

Dm7

G7

CMaj7

CMaj7

Minor Coltrane

E7 - AMaj7

D♭7 - G♭Maj7

B♭7 - E♭Maj7

G7 - CMaj7

Tritone Coltrane

D♭7

G♭Maj7

G7

CMaj7

Have a Listen to The following Coltrane songs all use the Standard (Major 3rd) Coltrane Changes, with the exception of the last one which modulates by intervals of minor 3rds. Giant Steps Countdown 26-2

Satellite

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Exotica Fifth House Central Park West (Minor Coltrane Changes)

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