Become an Efficient Academic Writer with AI app by Mushtaq Bilal PhD [PDF]

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Harness the Power of AI to Become an Efficient Academic Writer a workflow by Mushtaq Bilal, PhD © Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Affirmation • Say the following sentence out loud • I am this amazing person who is going to create new and original knowledge

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

What Kind of Emotion Does ChatGPT Evoke in You? • Close your eyes for ten seconds and think of the kind of emotion that ChatGPT evokes in you

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

The Right Mindset for Using AI Tools • Don’t resent or be afraid of AI tools like ChatGPT • Think of ChatGPT (and other AI tools) as a smart, intelligent, willing undergraduate student who is working as your research assistant. • You don’t depend on your research assistant. You train them.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Motivational Exercise with ChatGPT • Ask ChatGPT for a motivational speech • Use the following prompt as an example: Name: Mushtaq Qualification: PhD in comparative literature, experienced writer Context: Participating in a writing workshop Task: Give me a locker room pep talk like a sports coach to hype me up Tone: Motivational and inspirational

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Want to Share Your Pep Talk? • Any volunteers who would like to share the pep talk ChatGPT gave them?

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Motivational Talk ChatGPT Gave Me 😃 • Alright team, listen up! Today we've got a special player on our squad, and his name is Mushtaq. He's not just any player though - he's got a PhD in comparative literature and he's an experienced writer. That's right, Mushtaq knows how to handle the ball and score big when it comes to writing. • Now, writing is a game of its own. It takes skill, perseverance, and most importantly, heart. And let me tell you, Mushtaq's got plenty of that. He's been in the game for a while now and he's got the moves to make the words dance across the page. • But he's not here to show off his skills. He's here to teach us all a thing or two about how to score big in the writing world. He's here to be our coach, our mentor, our leader. • So, if you want to be a star player like Mushtaq, you've got to listen up, pay attention, and take notes. He's going to show you how to craft the perfect sentence, how to structure your writing, and how to score big with your ideas. • But here's the thing, team. It's not going to be easy. Writing is a tough game. It takes discipline, dedication, and a whole lot of practice. But if you're willing to put in the work, if you're willing to learn from the best, then there's no limit to what you can achieve. • So, get out there and give it your all. Write like you're in the championship game with everything on the line. And if you're feeling stuck, just remember what Mushtaq always says: "The only way to become a better writer is to keep writing. Even if it's bad, keep going. The more you write, the better you'll get." • Now, on three, let's break it down! One, two, three - WRITE TO WIN! © Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Getting Started on a Writing Project • The first thing we need to do before starting a writing project is a research question

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to elicit.org and click on Tasks

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Click on “Brainstorm research questions”

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Type in any (vague) research question you have related to your project

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Elicit will give you a list of research questions. Pick the one you find interesting and copy-paste them in a Word file.

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You can ask Elicit to clarify a concept or define a term

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You can also create your own prompts in Elicit

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But don’t use Elicit to procrastinate • Our task is not to craft the perfect research question because it will keep evolving as we proceed • We can use Elicit to look up papers, but we will not do that • Instead, we will use Research Rabbit (you will understand why we are doing it in a bit)

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to researchrabbitapp.com and click on “Connect to Zotero”

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Log in to your Zotero account

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Zotero will prompt you that Research Rabbit is trying to connect to your account. Click on “Accept Defaults.”

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After you connect Research Rabbit with Zotero, you will see an "Import Zotero Connection" button in place of "Connect to Zotero." Click on the "+ Collection" button under it to create a new collection.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

After you create a new collection, you will see a green button with "Add Papers" written on it. Click on it.

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You will see a list of papers you just added

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After you have added papers to your collection, you will see a "Similar Works" button in the column next to it. Click on it.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Research Rabbits will give you a new list of papers related to the ones you already have. It will create an interactive visualization to show you how these papers are related. Carefully read abstracts before adding papers to your collection.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once you have 8-10 papers relevant to your project, click on the "Sync to Zotero" button at the bottom of your screen.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Research Rabbit will ask you to name for your Zotero collection. Type in the name of the collection you created in the beginning.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Research Rabbit will create a Zotero collection and export all your papers to this collection.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Select all papers in your Zotero collection and right click. Click on "Find Available PDFs" and Zotero will retrieve PDFs of the papers. You can also add PDFs manually.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Double-click on a PDF and Zotero will open it in its inbuilt Note Editor.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Start reading — slowly and carefully. Don't rush. Annotate the PDF (left) and take notes (right) — a lot of notes. You can also add in-text citations while taking notes. To do so, press "[+]" in Note Editor.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Open a blank document in MS Word, and click on the "Add Note" button in the Zotero tab.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zotero will open a yellow search bar along with a list of your notes. Click on the note you want to import.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zotero will export the relevant note to your MS Word document along with in-text citations.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Alternatives to Research Rabbit • There are a number of (free and paid) alternatives to Research Rabbit currently available

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Alternative 1: Inciteful (free)

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Alternative 2: Litmaps (paid)

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Alternative 3: Connected Papers (paid)

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Limitation of these alternatives • Inciteful, Litmaps, and Connected Papers can’t be integrated with Zotero • If you know how to create and import a BiBTeX file, you can do this step manually.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Staying up-to-date with recently published literature • It’s very important to stay up-to-date with recently published literature in your field • R Discovery is of the best phone apps that you can use for this purpose

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to Apple App Store or Google Play Store. Type in "R Discovery" in the search bar. Download the app.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Open the app once it's downloaded. Tap on "Get started."

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R Discovery will ask you: 1. If you want to stay updated on your research area 2. If you want to follow specific journals Select either one. You can change it later

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

R Discovery will ask you about your field of research. Tap on the tab relevant to your work.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once you've selected your field, R Discovery will ask about your subfield(s). Select the sub-field(s) relevant to your work.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Finally, R Discovery will ask you to select topics relevant to your work/field.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once you've selected your field, sub-field, and topics, R Discovery will ask you to create a free account.

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After you sign in, R Discovery will create a "feed" for you. This will be a list of latest articles curated according to your preferences. If at any time you want to change your preferences, you can click on the menu button (three bars) in the top-left corner.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

In the menu, you can add/change topics and journals.

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If you want to add more topics to your field, you can use R Discovery's suggestions. You can also look up topics using the search bar at the bottom on your screen.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Similarly, you can add journals suggested by R Discovery. Or you can look up a specific journal using the search bar at the bottom.

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Here I am looking up the "Journal of Postcolonial Writing" to add to my feed.

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Once you add a journal(s), latest articles from that journal(s) will start showing up in your field.

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Now you can read the abstracts of articles in your feed. You can also add them to your library. To do so, tap on the bookmark button in the bottom-right corner of an entry.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Now you can export these articles in your library to Zotero or Mendeley. To do so, tap on the "Export" button.

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Select the reference manager you want to export your library to.

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And R Discovery will export the articles in your library to your reference manager instantly.

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R Discovery will also email you regular updates about papers that are getting published in your field

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Supercharging Your Academic Reading • You can collect a lot of articles very quickly but reading them takes a lot of time • You can speed up your reading with the help of Scholarcy. • Please note Scholarcy requires a paid subscription of $7.99/month, which (I think) is totally worth it.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to scholarcy.com and click on the "Start Free" button in the top-right corner and put in your credit card details.

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Once logged in, this is how your homepage would look like. Click on the "Create Library" button in the top-right corner.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Give your library a title and then click on "Import" to add articles/book chapters to your library.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

You can import articles from your Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive. Or you can simply drag the PDFs in.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Scholarcy will give the article’s summary, highlights, key concepts. It will also hyperlink every important term to its Wikipedia article

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zero Drafts • Have you ever felt like you have a bunch of interesting ideas but when you sit down to write you go blank. • Or, when you start writing you don't know how an idea relates to another, and you end up overthinking and not writing? • This happens because even though you have ideas, they are unprocessed. • The purpose of zero draft is to process your ideas.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zero Draft – Writing Exercise • Set the timer to 25 min • (For the purpose of the workshop, we will set the timer to 5 min) • Open a blank document in MS Word • Start writing about your project the moment the timer goes off • Don’t worry about structure, grammar, spellings, etc. • The only condition is that you can’t stop typing for 5 min • Generate as many words as you possibly can – the more the better

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Open ChatGPT

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“Cleaning” zero draft with ChatGPT • Type in the following prompt: Please remove redundant words from the following passage and make it coherent and cohesive • Now paste your zero draft under the prompt and press Enter/Return • ChatGPT will give you a coherent paragraph

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Writing Exercise – First Draft • Set the timer to 25 min • (For the purpose of the workshop, we will set the timer to 5 min) • Rewrite the paragraph ChatGPT “cleaned” for you • This will be your first draft

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Editing First Draft • Once you have your first draft (5,000 – 10,000 words), you will need to edit it • For this purpose, we will use Paperpal • Paperpal has two plans: 1. Free: 500 writing suggestions, 2. Paid ($99/year): Unlimited writing suggestions • If you're writing a journal article or a dissertation, the paid plan is totally worth it • You'll save time and your writing will be crisp and articulate

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to paperpal.com and click on “Get Started”

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once you've signed up, Paperpal will give you two options: 1. Clean slate, 2. Upload Word file. To use the "Clean slate" option, simply start typing. You can also paste text in it.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once you've written/pasted a few sentences, Paperpal will give you suggestions to make your writing precise and concise. You can click on "Accept all" to accept the changes suggested by Paperpal.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

To upload a Word file, simply click on "Upload Word file." And Paperpal will give you suggestions for editing and revising your writing.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Paperpal can also evaluate your whole manuscript. To do so, click on the "Check your Manuscript" button in the left panel and upload your manuscript.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Paperpal will give you suggestions regarding your manuscript’s: 1. Metadata, 2. Figures/tables, 3. References, 4. Disclosures, 5. Counts, 6. Language, 7. Structure

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Paperpal also has an MS Word add-in

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

To install the add-in, open your MS Word and click on "Insert." Then click on "Get Add-ins."

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

MS Word will open the "Office Add-ins" store. Search for Paperpal and then click "Add."

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Once installed, you will have Paperpal in your MS Word

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Taking your research to the next level – Scite (paid) • It's easy to find out how many times a given research paper has been cited • The real challenge is to determine whether the citations support or refute the author's claims • Scite is a powerful AI app that helps you figure it out

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to scite.ai and sign up

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once you've signed up, click on the "Install extension" button

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

You will be taken to the web store of your internet browser, Chrome in my case. Add Scite's extension to your browser.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Now go to Google Scholar and look up an article. Under every article, Scite will show you: Total number of citations, Citations that support the article's claims, Citations that refute, Citation that only mention the article. Click on these "Smart Citations."

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

If you were to open the article, Scite will display these Smart Citations to the right of your screen. Click on these "Smart Citations."

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Clicking on Smart Citations will open the article in Scite. It will give you a list of all the publications that have cited the article. It will also give you the exact sentence/paragraph where the article has been cited

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Scite will also give you the sources that the given article references along with their Smart Citations

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If you scroll down, you can see in which particular paper sections, the given article has been cited

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Say, you only want to look at how other researchers have refuted/challenged an author's argument. Scroll down to "Citation Types" and select "Contrasting.” Scite will give you the exact sentences that refute/challenge the argument. This will save you hours and hours of work.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Scite also gives you the options to refine your search results by author names and journal titles

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If you are a visual learner, you can also ask Scite to create a visual representation of the citations. To do so, click on the "Visualize citations" button

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Scite will create a visual representation of the Smart Citations of the given article

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Scite – Zotero Integration • Scite can show you how many times an article has been cited, supported, and challenged in your Zotero library

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once you've signed up, go to the following link: https://github.com/scitedotai/scitezotero-plugin/releases Download the Scite add-on for Zotero

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

A .xpi (pronounced zippy) file will be downloaded on to your compter.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Now open your Zotero desktop app. Click on "Tools" and then select "Add-ons"

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zotero will open its "Add-ons Manager.” Click on the Settings icon in the top right corner and then select "Install Add-on from File.” Navigate to the .xpi file you just downloaded it and add it.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once the file has been added, Zotero will prompt you to restart it. Go ahead and click on the "Restart Now" button.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Once Zotero restarts, right-click on the top bar where Title and Creator are written. This will open a drop-down menu. Check Mentioning, Supporting, and Contrasting options in the drop-down menu.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Now you can see how many times a given article's argument has been mentioned, supported, and challenged

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You can also look at an article's detailed citation report. To do so, right-click on the article and select "View scite report" from the drop-down menu

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Scite will open an extensive citation report for that article in a new browser window

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

GPT Detectors • There are various apps available that can help you detect if a certain text has been generated by an AI app like ChatGPT or written by a human • Please use these detectors carefully because the quality of their results may vary a lot

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GPT Detector by Writefull

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GPTZero

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GPTKit

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Bonus – Zotero 101 Workflow • Zotero is one of the most powerful citation and reference managers. It is open-source and free to use. • But many academics find it intimidating. • This workflow will help you get started on Zotero

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to Zotero.org Download and install it

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Make your Zotero account if don’t already have one

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to the web store of your internet browser (Chrome Web Store or Microsoft Edge Add-ons Store) Install the Zotero Connector

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Open Zotero after you have installed it. Your screen will look something like this.

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Click on “File” and then select “New Collection.”

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Select a title for your collection. Choose a title appropriate to your project. Leave Zotero open.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

We now have a collection, but it’s empty. How do we put sources (books/articles) in it?

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to a scholarly database like Google Scholar. Look up keywords relevant to your project.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

You can also go to your university’s library or digital libraries like JSTOR and Project Muse. You will see a folder like button on the top right corner of your screen.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zotero will open a small dialog box with all the search results

Select the sources relevant to your project and press OK

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zotero will ask you which collection you want to the sources in.

Select the collection you just made.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Go to Zotero and open the collection you just created.

It will show you all the sources you selected from Google Scholar.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Select all sources (Shift + arrow key, Ctrl+mouse click), then right click

Select “Find Available PDFs”

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

You can also add sources individually.

Go to the webpage of the source and click the Zotero Connector.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

You can add a source using its identifier like the DOI, PMID, ISBN, etc.

Click “Add Item(s) by Identifier” and fill in the required details.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

You can also add a PDF to your collection simply by dragging it in the main panel of Zotero.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Now we have a collection with sources relevant to our project. How do we cite them?

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Note: Zotero automatically installs plug-ins in commonly-used word processors like MS Word and Google Docs.

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Zotero plug-in in Google Docs

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Zotero plug-in in MS Word

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Open a blank document in MS Word or Google Docs. Start typing a quote.

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Click on the Zotero tab and then select “Add/edit citation”

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Zotero will open a small search bar.

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In MS Word, you will need to click on the Zotero tab.

It will open a toolbar. Click on “Add/edit citation”

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Type the name of the author in the search bar. Zotero will give you a list of sources. Select the relevant source.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zotero will prepare the in-text citation. It will also give you the option to edit the citation. Press Enter/Return when you are done.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Zotero will insert the citation for you.

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That’s how you insert an in-text citation with the help of Zotero. How to create a bibliography using Zotero?

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Click on the Zotero tab and then select “Add/edit bibliography”

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Zotero will insert all the bibliographic entries you cited in your paper. It will also update the bibliography if you make any changes in the document.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

We learned how to add sources to our collection using a database like Google Scholar or digital libraries. You can also add items to your collections using identifiers like ISBNs, DOIs, PMIDs, arXiv IDs, or ADS Bibcodes.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

One last thing: How to sync your Zotero library?

This will enable you to access it on any device.

© Copyright Mushtaq Bilal, PhD 2023

Click “Edit” and select “Preferences”

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Zotero will open the Preference Dialog box. Click on “Sync.”

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Click OK

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Now log in to your Zotero account and you will see your library synced.

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Thank You • You can follow me on Twitter and LinkedIn • You can also subscribe to my free newsletter

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