Bản Sao Của VNU-EPT 4 Skill Course [PDF]

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vnu-ept 4 skill course by Tiếng Anh Thầy Giảng Cô Mai

Sát 95% đề thi VNU-EPT thực tế

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MADISON WRIGHTS

COURSE SYLLABUS Buổi 1 1. Modal auxiliaries - Pronouns 2. Speaking part 1 (picture+ mind map)

1. Ôn Grammar. 2. Viết 2 bài speaking (picture + mind map). 3. Ghi âm 2 bài mẫu Speaking.

Buổi 2 1. V1 – To V1 - Ving 2. Hướng dẫn Reading Vocab 3. Writing part 1 – Paraphrase (synonym, antonym, đổi từ loại, chuyển vị trí câu, combine câu) Buổi 3 1. N – Adj - Adv - Articles 2. Hướng dẫn Reading detail + negative detail 3. Speaking part 1 (Announcement) + Review 4. Vowels + Diphthongs Buổi 4 1. Hướng dẫn Reading referent + paraphrase 2. Writing part 1 – Summarizing 3. Hướng dẫn Listening

1. Ôn + Làm bài tập Grammar. 2. Làm bài tập Writing. 3. Học thuộc bài mẫu speaking.

Buổi 5 1. 2. 3. Buổi 6 1. 2. 3. Buổi 7 1. 2. 3. Buổi 8 1. 2. 3. Buổi 9 1. 2.

Tenses (7 thì cơ bản) Speaking part 1 Consonants Subject-verb agreement Hướng dẫn reading purpose + inference Writing part 1 – Summarizing Quantifiers - Preposition Hướng dẫn reading main idea Speaking part 2 Relative pronouns Transfer + review Writing part 2 Hướng dẫn phần reading đề 1 Speaking part 2

Buổi 10

1. Comparisons 2. Writing part 2

Buổi 11

1. Passive voice 2. Speaking part 2

Buổi 12

1. Conditional sentences 2. Writing part 2

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4.

Ôn Grammar. Ghi âm bài speaking mẫu. Viết bài Speaking (Announcement). Mang sách 5 Practice Tests. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài writing. Luyện nghe Test 1. Học thuộc bài mẫu Speaking. Ôn Grammar. Ôn Speaking Part 1. Luyện nghe Test 1. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài writing. Luyện nghe Test 1. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài Speaking Part 2. Luyện nghe Test 2. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài writing. Luyện nghe Test 2. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài Speaking Part 2. Luyện nghe Test 2. Luyện đọc Test 2. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài writing. Luyện nghe Test 3. Luyện đọc Test 2. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài Speaking Part 2. Luyện nghe Test 3. Luyện đọc Test 3. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài writing. Luyện nghe Test 3. Luyện đọc Test 3.

Buổi 13

1. Speaking part 2 2. Ngữ pháp Review

Buổi 14

1. Ngữ pháp Review + Test 1 + 2 2. Writing part 2

Buổi 15

1. Ngữ pháp Test 3 + 4 + 5 2. Speaking part 2

Buổi 16

1. Writing part 2 2. Writing part 1 + 2 (Test)

Buổi 17

1. 2. 3. 1. 2.

Buổi 18

Speaking part 2 Speaking Review Grammar Review TEST Reading Review

1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3.

Ôn Grammar. Viết bài Speaking Part 2. Luyện nghe Test 4. Luyện đọc Test 4. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài writing. Luyện nghe Test 4. Luyện đọc Test 4. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài Speaking Part 2. Luyện nghe Test 4. Luyện đọc Test 5. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài writing. Luyện nghe Test 5. Luyện đọc Test 5. Ôn Grammar. Viết bài Speaking Part 2. Luyện nghe Test 5.

Hướng dẫn làm bài tập ghi âm

Thầy Giảng – Cô Mai

HƯỚNG DẪN LÀM BÀI GHI ÂM Để có được kết quả cao nhất, tất cả các bạn cần hoàn thành mọi bài tập được giao, một cách tốt nhất trong khả năng của mình. Ý nghĩa của việc nộp bài tập ghi âm: ✓ Tăng cường ý thức luyện tập cho bạn. Khi phải ghi âm, bạn chăm chỉ luyện tập hơn, cố gắng nhiều hơn để có được bản ghi âm hoàn chỉnh nhất trong khả năng của mình. ✓ Sau khi ghi âm, bạn tự nghe lại bài nói của mình, tự sửa các lỗi sai (quá trình này rất quan trọng) sẽ giúp bạn nhớ bài lâu hơn. ✓ Bạn sẽ biết được quá trình tiến bộ của bản thân mình thông qua điểm số nhận được từ giáo viên. Quy định về việc nộp bài ghi âm Để việc chấm bài của giáo viên được thuận tiện, xin bạn lưu ý các quy định sau khi nộp bài ghi âm, nếu các bạn làm sai một trong các quy định sau, bài ghi âm sẽ không được chấm. Bạn gửi bài ghi âm của mình đến mail [email protected] [Tên bài tập]_ver.1_[Họ và tên] Lưu ý: ver.1 là version 1 (bản thu âm thứ nhất). Vídụ: [Picture]_Ver1_[Nguyễn Hoàng Tú] 2. Tất cả các bài tập đều có hạn nộp là 48 tiếng (Giáo viên sẽ thông báo ngày giờ cụ thể cho bạn). Sau khi đã luyện tập nhiều lần theo video, audio bạn đọc lại từ đầu đến cuối với tốc độ bình thường, không lặp đi lặp lại. Bạn chỉ gửi bản hoàn chỉnh 1

Hướng dẫn làm bài tập ghi âm

Thầy Giảng – Cô Mai

nhất sau khi đã check đi check lại nhiều lần (quá trình tự sửa lỗi sai có ý nghĩa rất lớn đối với các bạn). Bạn cần ghi âm liên tục, tránh thời gian chết trong bản ghi âm. Không bao giờ được nhờ người khác ghi âm dùm, không sử dụng chức năng PAUSE trong khi ghi âm. Tuyệt đối không được gửi lại bản đã được chấm. 1)

Giáo viên sẽ cho điểm từ 0 – 100 điểm. ➢ 90 điểm trở lên: Bạn nói gần giống người bản ngữ. ➢ 80 – 89 điểm: Bạn đã đạt yêu cầu, nếu cần cải thiện điểm, bạn được phép ghi âm TỐI ĐA MỘT LẦN (nghĩa là phải luyện tập thật kĩ lại mới được gửi). ➢ 70 – 79 điểm: Bạn đọc như vậy người ta cũng hiểu nhưng không hay, nếu cần cải thiện điểm, bạn được ghi âm lại TỐI ĐA HAI LẦN (nghĩa là phải luyện tập thật kĩ lại mới được gửi). ➢ Dưới 70 điểm: tương đương với số điểm bạn nhận về là 0, bạn dựa vào bài đã sửa để luyện lại và ghi lại bản khác hoàn chỉnh hơn(BẮT BUỘC).

2)

Hạn nộp version 2 là 48 tiếng sau khi nhận được điểm của version 1.

3)

Sau khi đã hoàn thành, bạn gửi bài ghi âm vào gmail. (Giáo viên sẽ

hướng dẫn cụ thể). 4)

Các thông tin trao đổi, hỏi đáp về các vấn đề của lớp học, bạn vui lòng

gọi điện hoặc nhắn tin vào email, điện thoại của GIÁO VIÊN ĐỨNG LỚP Để đạt được kết quả tốt nhất sau khóa học, rất mong bạn chăm chỉ luyện tập mọi bài được giao.

2

VNU-EPT TEST STRUCTURE

LISTENING Part 1: 10 short conversations (10 Questions)

Part 2: 1 conversation or discussion (6 Questions)

Part 3: 1 talk or discussion (8 Questions)

READING Part 1: Gap-filling passage (10 lexical and 10 grammatical Questions) Part 2: 1 passage (6 Questions)

Part 3: 1 passage (7 Questions)

Part 4: Part 4: 1 long lecture or talk 1 passage (8 Questions) (7 Questions)

Total: 32 questions Time: 40 – 45 mins Score: 0-100

WRITING

SPEAKING

Part 1: Summary paragraph

Part 1: Speaking about prompt (pictures, mind maps, announcement)

Part 2: Essay

Part 2: Speaking about personal experience/ interest Part 3: Making an argumentative presentation (quotes, public opinions, social issues)

Total: 40 questions Total: 2 questions Total: 3 questions Time: 60 mins Time: 60 mins Time: 10 - 12 Score: 0-100 Score: 0-100 mins Score: 0-100

TABLE OF CONTENTS I.

Grammar 1. Pronouns – Possessives ....................................................................1 2. Auxiliary verbs ....................................................................................4 3. V1 – To V1 – V-ing .............................................................................6 4. Noun – Adj – Adv ............................................................................. 14 5. Articles ............................................................................................. 18 6. Tenses ............................................................................................. 21 7. Subject and verb agreement ........................................................... 25 8. Prepositions ..................................................................................... 28 9. Quantifiers ....................................................................................... 30 10. Relative clause ................................................................................ 32 11. Comparisons ................................................................................... 35 12. Passive voice ................................................................................... 38 13. If clause ........................................................................................... 41 14. Grammar review ............................................................................... 44

II.

Reading comprehension ........................................................................... 48 1. Vocabulary questions ...................................................................... 48 2. Detail questions ............................................................................... 50 3. Negative detail questions ................................................................ 52 4. Referent questions .......................................................................... 55 5. Paraphrase questions ...................................................................... 57 6. Purpose questions ........................................................................... 59 7. Inference questions ......................................................................... 61 8. Main idea questions ......................................................................... 64 9. Information transfer questions ......................................................... 66 III. 1. 2. 3.

IV.

Speaking ........................................................................................... 69 Speaking part 1 ............................................................................... 69 Speaking part 2 ............................................................................... 83 Pronunciation ................................................................................. 119

Writing 1. Writing part 1 ................................................................................. 125 2. Writing part 2 ................................................................................. 132

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PRONOUNS - POSSESSIVES I.

PRONOUNS Chủ từ (S)

I You We They He She It Ex:

Túc từ (O) Me You Us Them Him Her It

Tính từ sở hữu My Your Our Their His Her Its

Đại từ sở hữu Mine Yours Ours Theirs His Hers Its

Đại từ phản thân Myself Yourself Ourselves Themselves Himself Herself Itself

I love them. This is their house. This house is theirs.

❖ Note: - On my own = by myself / on your own = by yourself - Chúng ta thường đặt đại từ phản thân để nhấn mạnh chủ thể hành động. Ex: They helped themselves. Tom helped them.

II. -

POSSESSIVES The house’s front yard The babies’ clothes A women’s clothing store

EXERCISE Choose the best option k B, C, or D. 1. _____go to school with Jack every day, and _____ are close friends. A. Me / we B. I / we C. She/they D. They / we

1

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2. I_____ see_____ at the Girls' Club twice a week. A. me / she B. myself / she C. myself / her D. myself / herself 3. Linda spoke to _____ happily, but then _____ suddenly cried. A. ourselves / she B. us / her C. us / she D. them / her 4. Jack and Tom told Mary the story _____ but _____ denied doing it when asked. A. themselves / they B. herself / they C. themselves / them D. herself / she 5. _____ don't know who hit _____ on my way home yesterday. A. I / myself B. We / ourselves C. I / mine D. I / me 6. I really like your mobile phone. _____is not as beautiful as_____. A. My / your B. Mine /yours C. Mine/your D. My / yours 7. Susan has just been given a male dog. _____ loves _____very much and takes _____ to the park every day. A. She / it/ it B. He / her / her C. She / him / it D. He / it / it

2

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8. _____ is the tallest girl in our class. No one is as tall as_____. A. Herself / her B. She / herself C. Her / she D. She / she 9. When I saw her last night, she was talking to _____ loudly. A. themselves B. hers C. herself

D. she

10. It's _____ who stole my shoes. _____ saw _____ wearing them last night. A. she / me / her B. she / I / her C. herself / I / her D. she / mine / her 11. Have _____ over been to France? _____ is a wonderful country! -Yes, I have. A. I / Itself B. you / Its C. you / It D. I / It 12. He seems to have cut _____ shaving this morning. A. him B. himself C. his

D. he

13. We are very embarrassed about _____ error. A. ours B. our C. we’re

D. us

14. She should have checked the original, but _____ did not. A. it B. she C. her

D. hers

15. One member of the men’s team has forgotten to take off _____ glasses. A. its B. her C. his D. their

3

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AUXILIARY VERBS (TRỢ ĐỘNG TỪ) 1. Động từ khiếm khuyết thường gặp Can, Could, May, Might, Will, Would, Shall, Should, Ought to, Had better (nên), Must, Have (got) to (phải). 2. Sự khác nhau giữa Must và Have to:

3. -

Must (……………..) Ex: You must do that.

Have to (……………..) Ex: I’m hungry, I have to eat something.

Must not (……………..) Ex: You must not do that.

Don’t have to (……………..) Ex: You don’t have to do that.

Giả định không có thật ở quá khứ: Should have V3: Lẽ ra nên Would have V3: Lẽ ra sẽ Could have V3: Lẽ ra có thể Must have V3: Hẳn đã Ex: She should have come here yesterday.

4. Suy luận có căn cứ có cơ sở ở hiện tại: - Must be: (……………..) Ex: He must be rich. He must be a teacher. -

Must be Ving: (……………..) Ex: He must be sleeping at home now.

-

Can’t be: (……………..) Ex: He can’t be rich. He can’t be a teacher.

EXERCISE Choose the best option A, B, C or D 1. It is advised that people _____ go to the hospital to have a health check-up every 6 months. A. may

B. can

C. shall 4

D. should

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2. I am definitely out of shape; I _____ do more exercise in the morning. A. shall

B. must

C. am able to

D. might

3. I knew Diana was sick, Jack _____ very worried about her? A. must be B. must have been C. may be D. may have been 4. It was very nice yesterday, so I _____ walk my dog in the park. A. can

B. may

C. should

D. could

5. According to my professor, to make my writings better, I _____ make them more concise and coherent A. can

B. shall

C. might

D. should

6. I was supposed to do my homework, t, I didn't do it because I_____ understand it. A. could

B. couldn't

C. can

D. can't

7. I always sleep through my alarm clock; therefore, my husband ______ wake me up. A. should

B. has to

C. may

D. could

C. Shall

D. May

8. _____ you sweep the floor for me, please? A. Can

B. Should

9. Don't eat too fast; you _____ have a stomachache. A. should

B. might

C. will

D. must

10. The medicine _____ be put in the refrigerator immediately. A. should

B. is able to

C. can

D. could

C. may gets

D. may get

C. Would

D. Do

11. He _____ a better job. A. may

B. mays get

12. _____ you like some more coffee? A. Will

B. Shall

13. The baby _____ be hungry, because he just had milk. A. cannot

C. isn’t

B. must 5

D. wasn’t

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V1 – To V1 – V-ing 1. V1: Help • Make Let

+ O + V1:

giúp buộc ai làm gì. để

Ex: My mother often makes me clean the house. • Had better + V1: nên. • Would rather V1 + Than + V1: thích làm việc này hơn việc kia. Ex: I would rather stay at home thango to the movie. So sánh với: • Prefer + V-ing + To + V-ing: thích làm việc này hơn việc kia. Ex: I prefer staying at home togoing to the movie. • Sau các động từ đặc biệt: May, Can, Will, Shall, … + V1 ❖ Công thức nhờ vả: • Have + người + V1 : nhờ ai làm gì. (nghĩa chủ động) • Have + vật + V3/ed (by O) : nhờ một vật/ việc được làm bởi ai. (nghĩa bị động) Ex:

I have Maryclean the house. (tôi nhờ Mary lau nhà). I have the house cleaned by Mary. (nghĩa bị động). So sánh với: • Get + người + To V1 • Get + vật + V3/ed (by O)

: nhờ ai làm gì. (nghĩa chủ động) : nhờ một vật/ việc được làm bởi ai. (nghĩa bị động)

2. To V1: • Ask Tell Request Advise

+ O + To V1 : khuyên, bảo, đề nghị, … ai làm gì.

Ex: My father always advises me to study English. • Be + tính từ + to V1 Ex: It is easy to study English. 6

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3. V-ing: • Sau các giới từ: in, on, at, of, about, … + V-ing. • Sau các liên từ: after, before, when, while, if, … + V-ing. • Sau các động từ: Admit: thừa nhận Avoid: tránh Appreciate: cảm kích Begin: bắt đầu Consider: xem xét Continue: tiếp tục Delay: trì hoãn Deny: từ chối Enjoy: thích • Be accustomed to Be familiar with Be used to Get used to

Escape: thoát khỏi Finish: hoàn tất Keep + V-ing: tiếp tục Mention: đề cập Mind: phiền Postpone: trì hoãn Prefer: thích hơn Miss: bỏ lỡ Practice: luyện tập

Quit: thoát Recall: gợi nhớ Report: báo cáo Resent: bực tức Resist: chống lại Recollect: gợi nhớ Resume: tiếp tục Risk: liều lĩnh Suggest: đề nghị

+ Ving : quen với việc gì.

: đã từng làm gì trong quá khứ.

So sánh với: used to + V1 • Look forward to + V-ing: trông mong. • Can’t stand Can’t help Can’t bear

+ V-ing: không thể nhịn được.

Ex: I can’t stand laughing whenever I see him. • Can’t face • It’s no use

+ V-ing: + V-ing:

• It’s worth Be deserved • Feel like • Be busy

không thể đối mặt chẳng ích gì + V-ing : đáng để làm việc gì.

+ V-ing + V-ing

• Have trouble Have difficulties Have a difficult time

: muốn làm gì. : bận làm gì.

+ V-ing

7

: gặp khó khăn khi làm gì.

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• Vật + need + V-ing (nghĩa bị động) Ex: My house needs cleaning (cần được lau). • • • •

Spend + 1 khoảng thời gian + V-ing: trải qua bao lâu để làm gì. Would you please + V1 Would you like + To V1 Would you mind + V-ing

4. Một số động từ có thể theo sau cả To V1 và Ving: ❖ Stop

To V1: dừng lại để làm gì. V-ing: dừng hẳn việc đang làm.

❖ Try

❖ Like

Ex: I stop to eat something. Ex: I stop smoking.

To V1: cố gắng

Ex: I try to pass the exam.

V-ing: thử

Ex: I try smoking.

To V1: muốn làm gì (nhất thời). Ex: I am hungry, I like to eat something. V-ing: một sở thích lâu dài.

Ex: I like watching TV.

❖ Remember + To V1: một việc chưa xảy ra hoặc một nhiệm vụ phải làm. Forget Regret + V-ing: một việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ. Ex: Remember to lock the door. Ex: I remember locking the door yerterday. ❖ Động từ nhận thức, + O + V1: (thấy) toàn bộ hành động (đã hoàn tất). tri giác: look, see, hear, watch, feel… + O + V-ing:(thấy) một phần hành động (đang xảy ra). Ex: I saw hercome in. Ex: Can you smell something burning? (đang cháy) ❖ Allow, permit

+ O + To V1

Recommend Suggest, advise

+ không có O + V-ing

Ex: My father suggests meto study English. Ex: My father suggests studying English. ❖ Start, begin, continue: có thể dùng cả To V1 và Ving. Tất cả những động từ không nằm trong phần 1 (V1) và phần 3 (V-ing) đều là To V1. 8

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EXERCISE Choose the best option A, B, C, or D. 1. My family always encourages_____ hard in life. A. works B. to work C. working

D. not work

2. On the way home, they stopped_____ some milk. A. to buy B. buying C. buy

D. us to buy

3. I remember him _____the plate without return, it. A. borrow B. borrowing C. to borrow

D. borrows

4. They had to decide _____ the project or not. A. why to proceed B. whether to proceed C. when to proceed D. who to proceed 5. His parents allow him_____ to the club as long as he returns by 10 pm. A. to go B. going C. that he goes D. go 6. We regret_____ you that your application has been turned down. A. inform B. informing C. informed

D. to inform

7. He always makes me_____ when I am upset. A. laughs B. laugh C. to laugh

D. laughing

8. I tried_____ her a couple of times to tell her about the news, but she didn't answer the phone. A. calling B. to call C. call D. to calling 9. Jack persuaded_____ in his studio, but I couldn't accept it. A. working B. to work C. me to work

D. me working

10. Men cannot help_____ in love with her. A. falling B. fall

D. falls

C. to fall

9

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Fill in the blanks with the correct verb form 1. I'd like ____________ (listen) to music. 2. It's difficult ____________ (find) a suitable applicant for that position. 3. He decided ____________ (study) abroad. 4. My parents allow me ____________ (take) anyone I like home. 5. She'd hate ____________ (play) chess. 6. They didn't forget ____________ (finish) the report. 7. Did I mention ____________ (go) to see Vicky this weekend? 8. I have quit ____________ (smoke). 9. He loves ____________ (go) to the cinema on the weekend. 10. I enjoy ____________ (stay) at home and ____________ (do) nothing. 11. People have postponed ____________ (build) the hospital due to the bad weather. 12. He'd love ____________ (play) volleyball. 13. John prefers ____________ (cook) at home to ____________ (go) to the restaurant. 14. My father suggests him ____________ (learn) German this summer. 15. I like ____________ (do) exercise in the morning. 16. They suggest____________ (go) to the park. 17. Mary is considering ____________ (change) her career. 18. That helps ____________ (explain) why they get richer and richer. 19. It’ s important ____________ (prepare) carefully before the test. 20. They practice ____________ (make) wine every day. 21. We waste a lot of time ____________ (wait) for him. 22. They warn us not ____________ (tell) the truth. 23. They boil the water after ____________ (pour) it into the kettle. 24. He can ____________ (lift) that table. 25. You had better ____________ (wake) up early. 26. We keep ____________ (try) ____________ (pass) the entrance examination 27. She hates ____________ (study) at university. 28. It’s no use ____________ (try) ____________ (play) a new game. 29. The salesperson had difficulties ____________ (convince) the customer ____________ (buy) his product. 30. Is it worth ____________ (take) an English communication course? 31. He apologized for not ____________ (answer) your email soon. 32. She held the cup by 1 finger without ____________ (make) it ____________ (break) or ____________ (fall) down. 33. I will ____________ (go) see a movie tonight. 34. He delays ____________ (tell) her the news, waiting for the right moment. 35. He admitted ____________ (steal) the car and ____________ (sell) it to John. 36. We appreciate you ____________ (let) us ____________ (know) if there are any problems. 37. I can’t stand ____________ (laugh) when I see his face. 10

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38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76.

I was made ____________ (do) my homework. She can't help ____________ (look) for you. My teacher permits ____________ (use) cellphones in the class. Let the cake ____________ (cool) for a while. He would rather ____________ (quit) his job than ____________ (work) under pressure. We avoid ____________ (watch) violent film and ____________ (listen) to rock music. I would rather ____________ (play) basketball than volleyball. I have John ____________ (clean) the house for me. They begin ____________ (fight) in the rain. John wanted ____________ (take) a break during the test. She has her shoes ____________ (clean). The director gets the clerk ____________ (write) the report. The housekeeper gets the house ____________ (tidy). She goes ____________ (fish) every afternoon. She opposed to ____________ (change) the rule in the class. If you don't go now, you will risk ____________ (miss) the train. I have finished ____________ (make) the birthday cake for my mom. They spent too much money ____________ (travel) around the world. He can't face ____________ (go) to work too early in the morning. The story made me ____________ (cry) a lot. They regret not ____________ (sell) their house. Now the price goes down greatly. The managers let all employees ____________ (celebrate) their birthday at home. The telesales representative forgot ____________ (call) her client back last morning. We help them ____________ (start) the car. He denied ____________ (attempt) ____________ (murder) his wife. She missed ____________ (hit) him. I don't mind ____________ (wait) for hours. He feels like ____________ (watch) the football match tonight. I feel something ____________ (craw) on my leg. It must be an insect. I get accustomed to ____________ (go) to work on a busy street. The mechanic remembers ____________ (fix) that can yesterday. He gets used to ____________ (swim) in the cold water. She is looking forward to ____________ (take) part in the race. The marketing manage will remember ____________ (send) an email to his client. He regrets ____________ (buy) that computer. It’s almost out of order. I really object to ____________ (be) charged for parking. The banks strongly resisted ____________ (cut) interest rates. She heard someone ____________ (sing) from the first floor. Before ____________ (cook), the cook cuts all the vegetables. 11

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77. I live near an airport. Every afternoon, I usually watch the plane ____________ (fly) 78. He's deserved ____________ (win) the game. 79. While ____________ (wait) for ____________ (get) the passport, he was eating his bread 80. The doctors have had trouble ____________ (diagnose) the new disease. 81. Prior to ____________ (go) on the vacation, he has to finish the project. 82. The scientists tried ____________ (add) more acid to that experiment. 83. The accountant had difficulties in ____________ (report) the profit of the company. 84. On the way home, I stop ____________ (have) lunch because I'm hungry. 85. The company went bankrupt, so I stop____________ (work) there. 86. They are interested in ____________ (grow) plants and ____________ (arrange) flowers. 87. I try ____________ (write) an email for my girlfriend on her birthday. 88. It takes me an hour ____________ (dump) the garbage. 89. They are familiar with ____________ (read) news in English. 90. After 10 years, they still go on ____________ (look) for their lost parents. 91. John used to ____________ (work) for a national company. 92. On the way home, I saw a dog ____________ (bite) an old man.

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Answer keys 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32.

to listen to find to study to take to play finishing going smoking going staying/ doing building to play cooking/ going to learn doing going changing explain to prepare making to wait to tell pouring lift wake trying/ to pass studying trying/ playing convincing/ to buy taking answering making/ break/ fall

33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62.

go telling stealing/ selling letting/ know laughing to do looking using cool quit/ work watching/ listening play clean to fight/ fighting to take cleaned to write tidied fishing changing missing making to travel going cry selling celebrate calling start attempting/ to murder 63. hitting

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64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.

waiting watching crawling going fixing swimming taking to send buying being cutting singing cooking fly winning waiting/ getting diagnosing going (Prior to = before + V-ing) adding reporting to have working growing/ arranging to write to dump reading looking work bite / biting

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NOUN – ADJ – ADV 1. Noun - Sau a, an, the, this, that, these, those - Sau my, your, his, her… - Sau từ chỉ số lượng: many, some, any… 2. Adj ❖ Tính từ đuổi -ing và -ed - Đuôi -ing: chỉ vật.

Ex: It’s an interesting book.

- Đuôi -ed: chỉ người.

Ex: I feel bored.

Khi mang nghĩa bị động, tính từ có đuôi “ed” bất kể người hay vật. Ex: Polluted water. ❖ Vị trí của tính từ: - Sau động từ be Ex: she is beautiful. - Trước danh từ

Ex: it is an interesting book.

- Sau đại từ bất định: someone beautiful, something expensive. Ex: I want to buy something expensive. - Sau các từ: look, feel, seem, smell, taste, find, sound... - Sau: stay, remain, get = become - Công thức: Keep/ Make/ Find + O + tính từ (chỉ vật) Ex: I find this film interesting. 3. Adv - Đứng đầu câu, trước dấu phẩy Ex: Luckily, he passed the exam. - Bổ nghĩa cho động từ Ex: She drives carefully/ She does her exercise carefully. - Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ, đứng trước tính từ Ex: She is extremely beautiful. (cực kỳ đẹp) - Bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ, đứng trước trạng từ Ex: She drives extremely carefully. 14

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quite (khá)

 very (rất)

 pretty (khá)

NOTE: Vì trạng từ có thể bổ nghĩa cho cả động từ, tính từ, và một trạng từ khác, nên khi có một chỗ trống sau trạng từ, ta sẽ xét loại từ của từ đứng ngay trước trạng từ đó.

Felt quite _____

Be quite _____

Speak quite ____

A. Adj

A. Happy

A. quiet

B. Adv

B. Happily

B. quietly

❖ Hình thức ngoại lệ của trạng từ: Good (adj)

– well (adj)

Fast (adj)

– fast

Hard

– hard

Early

– early

Late

– late

EXERCISE Exercise 1: Underline the correct adjectives. 1. James told us some fascinating/fascinated stories about music business 2. Why are you looking so depressing/depressed? What’s wrong? 3. Sarah has an amazing/amazed collection of rock CDs. 4. Felix has this really annoying/annoyed habit of reading my letters. 5. The boring/bored students started causing troubles in class 6. I watched the show for a while, but it wasn't really interesting/interested, so I left. 7. As the football team came out onto the pitch, their exciting/excited fans went wild. 8. The food in this canteen is absolutely disgusting/disgusted. 9. The astronaut gave a relaxing/relaxed wave and entered the space capsule 10. Polluting/polluted water can cause many serious diseases. 11. I was disappointing/disappointed with the movie. I had expected it to be better 12. We are all horrifying/horrified when we heard about the disaster. 13. Do you get embarrassing/embarrassed easily? 15

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14. It was a really terrifying/terrified experience. Everybody was very shocking/shock. 15. She was confusing/confused because the instruction was confusing/ confused. Exercise 2: Underline the right words: adjective or adverb? 1. Don't go up that ladder. It doesn't look safe/safely. 2. Please shut the door quiet/quietly. 3. This soup tastes nice/nicely. 4. Tom cooks very good/well so the dinner smells good/ well. 5. Hurry up! You're always so slow/slowly. 6. She looked at me angry/angrily when I interrupt her. 7. The driver of the car was serious/seriously injured. 8. Ann likes wearing colorful/colorfully clothes because it will make her beautiful/ beautifully. 9. Sue is terrible/terribly upset about losing her job. 10. John has fluent/fluently English. He speaks it fluent/fluently.

Exercise 3: Change these adjectives into adverb then fill in the blanks 1. We didn't go out because it was raining _____ (heavy) 2. We had to wait for a long time, but we didn't complain. We waited _____ (patient) 3. I lost the tennis match because I played very _____ (bad) 4. Nobody knew he was coming. He arrived _____ (unexpected) 5. My French isn't very good, but I can understand _____ if people speak _____and _____ (perfect/ slow/ clear) 6. I thought the restaurant would be expensive, but it was _____ cheap (reasonable) 7. George's mother is _____ ill in the hospital. (serious) 8. The tire destroyed our house, but we were ____ injured (slight) 9. When I returned home after 20 years, everything had _____changed (complete) 10. He drove _____ carelessly so he has crashed into an accident. (extreme)

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Exercise 4: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D 1. The _____ for terminating the contract were not discussed. a. provide

b. provisions

c. provider

d. provisioning

2. Jack and Mary will only _____ purchasing appliances that come with a money-back guarantee. a. consideration b. considering c. consider

d. considerable

3. She often accomplished her work extremely _____ . a. success

b. successful

c. successfully

d. succession

4. They work to engage individuals to take greater responsibility for making their communities _____. a. beautiful

b. beauty

c. beautifully

d. beautifullier

5. Each employee is expected to use all personal _____ equipment provided. a. protection

b. protected

c. protective

d. protect

6. The company’s ad seeking a computer programmer gave no _____ of what salary to expect. a. indication

b. indicate

c. indicating

d. indicator

7. Employment opportunities are _____ available in butcheries. a. general

b. generality

c. generally

d. generalized

8. Overseas assembly of products is a major _____ objective of the corporate five-year plan. a. strategist

b. strategically c. stratagem

d. strategic

9. In order to reach her full _____ as a translator, she travelled around the globe. a. potent

b. potential

c. potency

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d. potentially 8

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ARTICLES 1. A/ An: được dùng nói đến một đối tượng chưa xác định được. Ex: She is wearing a dress. Could you please give me an apple? My brother is an honest man. 2. The: a/ Dùng để chỉ đối tượng xác định. Ex: She is wearing the dress which her father gave her. b/ Nhạc cụ. Ex: the piano, the guitar. c/ Dùng với tính từ: The + Adj Ex: the rich, the poor, the elderly, the unemployed. d/ Đất nước (kingdom, states, republic, ___s) Ex: The United Kingdom, The United States, the People’s republic of China, The Philippines. e/ Núi, sông, biển, đại dương, đảo, kênh đào. Ex: The Himalayas, The Amazon, the Atlantic, the Atlantic Ocean, the Panama Canal. f/ Tờ báo. Ex: The Times, The Washington Post, etc. g/ Gia đình. Ex: The Smiths, the Jacksons. h/ Yếu tố duy nhất. Ex: The Sun, The Moon, etc. 3. No articles: a/ Thể thao. Ex: My brother plays football very well. b/ Đất nước, lục địa. Ex: France is a country for romance. Asia is a good market for businesses in the years to come. 18

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EXERCISE Exercise 1: Underline the correct answer: 1)Did you bring ________________ (a, an, the) umbrella? 2)Are you looking for________________ (a, an, the) shampoo? 3)I checked ________________ (a, an, the) mailbox again. 4)Can I have ________________ (a, an, the) spoon please? 5)I was born into ________________ (a, an, the) poor family. 6)She will come back in ________________ (a, an, the) hour. 7)Have you been to ________________ (a, an, the) Space Needle Tower in Seattle? 8)I would love to talk to one of ________________ (a, an, the) managers. 9)What ________________ (a, an, the) amazing view! 10)The helicopter landed on ________________ (a, an, the) roof of a building. Exercise 2: Choose the best option A, B, C or D 1._____big books on the desks are for my _____biology class. A. Ǿ / the B. the / Ǿ C. Ǿ / Ǿ D. the / the 2. Please give me _____ cup of _____ tea with _____milk. A. the / Ǿ / Ǿ B. a / Ǿ / Ǿ C. the / Ǿ / Ǿ D. a / Ǿ / the 3. On our trip to _____USA, we crossed _____ Pacific Ocean. A. the / the B. Ǿ / the C. Ǿ / Ǿ D. the / Ǿ 4. John was admitted to _____ School of Technology at _____northern university. A. a / a B. a / the C. the / a D. the / the 19

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5. We saw _____ Indian village while we were in _____ America. A. a / the B. an / the C. the / the D. an / Ǿ 6.They play _____ basketball and _____chess at_____Boys'Club every summer. A. the B. a / a / Ǿ C. Ǿ / Ǿ / the D. Ǿ / Ǿ / Ǿ 7. I play _____ piano, and my brother plays _____ guitar. However, neither of us plays _____ sports. A. Ǿ / Ǿ / the B. Ǿ / Ǿ / Ǿ C. a / a / the D. the / the / Ǿ 8. I often eat _____ cereal for _____ breakfast, but I can't eat _____cereal I bought yesterday. A. Ǿ / Ǿ / the B. Ǿ / Ǿ / Ǿ C. a / the / the D. a / Ǿ / the 9. _____France is _____ European country, but_____ Asians live there in _____ great numbers, too. A. Ǿ / a / the / the B. Ǿ / an / Ǿ / the C. Ǿ / a / Ǿ / Ǿ D. Ǿ / a / Ǿ / the 10. My mother bought me _____ iPad when I entered _____ University of Science. However, _____iPad was not _____ what I really wanted for my studies. A. an / Ǿ / the / Ǿ B. an / the / the / Ǿ C. the / the / Ǿ / Ǿ D. an / the / Ǿ /the

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TENSES Thì

1. Hiện tại đơn

2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn

Công thức Cách dùng V1/s/es - - 1 chân lý, 1 sự thật hiển nhiên. Ex: The sun rises in the East. - - 1 thói quen, 1 hành động xảy ra thường xuyên ở hiện tại. Ex: Mary often goes to school by bicycle. Am/is/are V-ing Have/Has V3 -

3. Hiện tại hoàn thành

-

4. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Have/ has been V-ing -

V2 5. Quá khứ đớn

6. Quá khứ tiếp diễn

Dấu hiệu nhận biết + often, usually, frequently + always, constantly + sometimes, occasionally + seldom, rarely + every day/ week /month… - Hành động đang xảy ra ngay lúc nói. + now, right now, at the moment, at this Ex: We are studying English now. time, at present. + just, recently, lately - Vừa mới xảy ra. + several times, three Ex: I have just seen my brother in the times… gym. + for, since, over - Lặp đi lặp lại nhiều lần. Ex: I have read this book several times. + so far = until now = up to now =up to the - Bắt đầu ở quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện present tại, có thể tiếp tục ở tương lai. + yet, already, never, Ex: I have studied English for 5 years. ever - Không biết rõ thời gian. Ex: I have gone to HCM city. - Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động. - Nhấn mạnh thời gian. Ex: I have been studying English for 5 years.

- - Đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, chấm dứt rồi và biết rõ thời gian. Ex: I saw her yesterday.

Was/ - - Đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm trong quá Were V- khứ. ing Ex: I was doing my homework at 7 p.m last night. 21

+ yesterday + ago (2 years ago…) + last (week/ month/year…) + in 1990 + this morning/ afternoon… + today + at 6 a.m yesterday + at this time + at that time

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7. Quá khứ hoàn thành 8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

9. Tương lai đơn

10. Tương lai tiếp diễn 11. Tương lại hoàn thành 12. Tương lại hoàn thành tiếp diễn 13. Tương lai gần

Had V3 - - Hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm/ hành động khác trong quá khứ. Ex: We had lived in Hue before 1975. Ex: Before I went to bed last night, I had taken a bath. Had been - - Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành V-ing động. - - Nhấn mạnh thời gian. Ex: Before I went to bed last night, I had been taking a bath for 3 hours.

+ by the time/ by… + before + after

Will/ shall - - 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương V1 lai. - - 1 ý kiến, 1 lời hứa, 1 quyết định tức thì. Ex: I will come back next month. I think Brazil will win. I promise I will pay you some money. I will buy it.

+ think, hope, assure... + tomorrow + next (week/ month/ year…) + soon, someday + immediately + in a week / month/ year…)

Will/ shall - - Đang xảy ra tại 1 thời điểm trong be V-ing tương lai. Ex: I will be studying English at this time tomorrow. Will/ shall - - Hành động xảy ra trước 1 thời điểm/ have V3 hành động khác trong tương lai. Ex: By the time he retires, he will have finished his project. Will have - - Nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành been động. V-ing - - Nhấn mạnh thời gian. Ex: I will have been studying English for 3 hours before my mother comes back. Am/is/are - - 1 việc sắp xảy ra trong tương lai. (có V-ing kế hoạch và dự định trước đó) Am/is/are Ex: going to My father is retiring. V1 I’m going to spend my holiday in Hawaii next summer.

+ at 7:00 tomorrow + at this/ that time next month

22

+ by the time/ by… + before + after

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FOLLOW-UP EXERCISE Choose the best option A, 8, C, or D. (1) _____ you (fly) to America? Kevin is lucky - he (2) _____ (visit) his cousin Amy Baxter last year. Yesterday, while Kevin (3) _____ (read) a book, his mother (4) _____ (come) in and gave him a letter from Amy. He read: 'Hi, Kevin, I hope you (5) _____ (not forget) me yet. I also hope you still (6) _____ (remember) the great fun we (7) _____ (have) last year. What (8) _____ you (do) since then," Well, let me tell you the chaotic story of my trip to the Poconos. I (9) _____ (want) to spend a nice weekend with my friend Jane. She (10) _____ (live) in Manhattan for some months now. “I'm sure we (11) _____ (have) lots of fun," Jane said while I (12) _____ (unpack) my things. "If the weather (13) _____ (be) fine tomorrow, we'll go on a trip to the Poconos.” “Ithink this is a fantastic idea,” I (14) _____ (agree), “I can't wait to climb the highest mountains.” When we (15) _____ (drive) along Interstate 95 the next day, we (16) _____ (notice) a red light in Jane's mother's car. “I think, if we (17) _____ (want) to reach the Poconos, we (18) _____ (need) to look for help first", Jane's mother said. “I (19) _____ never (read) the handbook, so I (20) _____ (not have) any idea what's wrong.” We (21) _____ (leave) the expressway and soon saw the sign of a car repair garage. The mechanic quickly (22) _____ (check) the car and smiled. “Lady,” he said, “I (23) _____ (see) this problem many times before. I'm sorry, but a mechanic is not what you need. If you (24) _____ (not fill) up the tank, you (25) _____ never (get) to the Poconos." 1. (A) Do you fly

(B)Have you flown (C) Did you fly

(D) Will you fly

2. (A) visits

(B) was visiting

(C) visited

(D) has visited

3. (A) reads

(B) was reading

(C) would read

(D) read

4. (A) comes

(B) has come

(C)came

(D) was coming

5. (A) don't forget

(B) didn't forget

(C) won't forget

(D) haven't forgotten

6. (A) will remember

(B) remember

(C) remembered

(D) have remembered

7. (A) had

(B) have

(C) would have

(D) would have had

8. (A) did you do

(B) are you doing (C) would you do (D) have you been doing

9. (A) wanted

(B) want

(C) don't want

(D) didn't want

10. (A) lives

(B) is living

(C) has lived

(D) would live

11. (A) would have

(B) have

(C) will have

(D) have had

12. (A) am unpacking (B) unpacked

(C) unpack

(D) was unpacking

13. (A) is

(C) would be

(D) was

(B) will be

23

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14. (A) agree

(B) agreed

(C) will agree

(D) have agreed

15. (A) were driving

(B) drove

(C) are driving

(D) drive

16. (A) notice

(B) were noticing (C) noticed

(D) had noticed

17. (A) wanted

(B) will want

(C) have wanted

(D) want

18. (A) needed

(B) need

(C) would need

(D) will need

19. (A) will... read

(B) had... read

(C) read

(D) have… read

20. (A) didn't have

(B) don't have

(C) won't have

(D) haven't had

21. (A) leave

(B) will leave

(C) left

(D) would leave

22. (A)checked

(B) checks

(C) was checking (D) had checked

23. (A) see

(B) had seen

(C) have seen

(D) saw

24 (A) don't fill

(B) didn't fill

(C) won't fill

(D) wouldn't fill

25. (A) had... gotten

(B) have... gotten (C) would... get

24

(D) will... get

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SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT I.

Chia động từ số ít

1. Each/ Every: Miễn trong câu có each và every ta chia số ít. Ex: Each boy and each girl has a notebook. ❖ Phân biệt giữa each và every: Each + Danh từ Every + 1 khoảng thời gian: chỉ sự luân phiên. Ex: I meet my girlfriend every two days. 2. Đại từ bất định: Ex: No one was at home. 3. Hình thức số nhiều nhưng động từ số ít: news, tên các môn học (physics, economics, linguistics, …), tên các loại bệnh (measles, mumps, …), tên nước (the Philipines, Wales, …) 4. Danh từ không đếm được: furniture, water, traffic, homework, … 5. Đo lường (khoảng cách, chiều cao, cân nặng, nhiệt độ, …), thời gian, tiền bạc: Ex: Four years is not a long time. 6. Chủ từ là mệnh đề hoặc Ving: Ex: Learning English is not very difficult. II. Chia động từ số nhiều 1. Danh từ số nhiều: Ex: The books which my father gave me are very famous. 2. And Ex: My brother and my sister are here. 3. The + Adj (1 số lượng người trong xã hội) Ex: The rich are not always happy.

III.

Các trường hợp khác

1. A number of và the number of Ex: A number of people have lost their job. The number of people in this city is quite big. 2. Either or/ neither nor/ not only but also => chia theo danh từ “sát bên nó”. Ex: Not only my parents but also my brother is here. 3. Giới từ: of/ along with/ together with/ as well as => chia theo danh từ “trước giới từ”. Ex: A box of cigarettes contains 15 pipes. 4. Từ chỉ số lượng => chú ý danh từ. All of/ some of/ none of/ plenty of/ half of/ most of/ a lot of/ one third (1/3) Ex: A lot of students have passed the exam. A lot of coffee has been used. 25

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EXERCISE 1. They_____ living happily in France now, who not knowing their family _____ so worried about them. A. is/is B. is/are C. are / is D. are /are 2. Either my colleagues or I_____ going to report to the managers, but none of us_____ prepared for it. A. are / have B. am / has C. are / has D. am / have 3. Ice cream and yogurt_____ his favorite desserts. In contrast, no ice cream _____ ever been my choice. A. are / have B. are / has C. is / has D. is / have 4. Everybody_____ surprised that_____ a large number of phone calls this morning just for Julie. A. are / there are B. is/ there is C. is / there are D. are / there is 5. No student_____ fill in the form before using the lab, but all students _____ submit their student cards. A. has to / have to B. have to / have to C. have to / has to D. has to / has to 6. The number of students who_____ dropped out this semester _____ so high. A. has/is B. have/is C. have/are D. has /are 26

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7. This pair of shoes _____ too big for me, but none of us but these shorts______ well. A. is / fit B. are / fit C. are / fits D. is / fits 8. Neither Jane nor her classmates_____ seen that movie before, but none of them_____. A. has / wants to B. have / wants to C. have / want to D. has / want to 9. The crowd at the basketball game _____ excited because all players _____professional. A. was/was B. were /were C. were / was D. was / were 10. Eating vegetables_____ necessary to maintain good health, but 2 kilos of vegetables a day_____ too much for anybody. A. is / is B. is / are C. are / is D. are / are

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PREPOSITIONS 1. -

At: Giờ: I usually get up at 7 a.m Địa điểm nhỏ, cụ thể: I saw her at the party/ at the cinema/ at the airport. Địa chỉ: She lives at 31 Wall Street. *** Arrive at: I arrived at the airport at 9 p.m.

2. On: - Ngày: My wedding is on Monday/ on the 28th of September. *** On the street. *** On foot: She often goes to school on foot. *** On TV/ radio. 3. In: - Năm, tháng, mùa, buổi: in 1990, in March, in the summer, in the morning ***On time: đúng giờ # In time: kịp lúc, đúng lúc. 4. Under + N: được dùng để chỉ 1 sự việc đang trong 1 tình trạng nào đó. Prepositions used with adjectives:

Prepositions used with verbs:

According to: Theo như Owing to = Due to: bởi vì Proud of: tự hào về Afraid of = Scared of: sợ Tired of: chán ngán, mệt mỏi Fond of = Keen on: yêu thích Capable of: có khả năng Involved in: tham gia vào, dính líu tới Successful in: thành công trong Interested in: quan tâm đến Responsible for: chịu trách nhiệm về Good at: gỏi về

Accuse sb of: buộc tội ai về điều gì Blame sb for: đổ lỗi ai về việc gì Suspect sb of: nghi ngờ ai về việc gì Remind sb of: nhắc/ gợi nhớ ai về điều gì # remind sb to do sth Warn sb of/ about sth: cảnh báo ai về điều gì Quarrel with sb about: cái nhau với ai về việc gì Attend to: chú trọng Apologize for sth: xin lỗi ai về việc gì Prepare for: chuẩn bị cho Ask for: yêu cầu việc gì Consist of: bao gồm Be aware of: nhận thức về Deal with: giải quyết Object to >< subject to: phản đối >< chịu đựng Apply to sb/ for sth: nộp cho ai/ xin vào vị trí gì Insist on: khăng khăng Rely on = Depend on: dựa vào 28

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EXERCISES 1. Accidentally we met him _____ the tennis stadium last night. A. on B. in C. at

D. to

2. Not many people know that bronze is made _____ copper and tin. A. of B. at C. up

D. from

3. She has just moved to her new flat_____161 Orchard Road. A. in B. at C. on

D. about

4. Please enter the auditorium ____ making a noise. A. without B. about C. in

D. with

5. When she was a student, she used to work in the post office _____weekends. A. in B. from C. to D. at 6. The CEO didn't agree _____ the proposal. A. on B. in

C. with

D. at

7. I lived _____ Sydney for three years during the 1980s. A. in B. at C. on

D. to

8. My friend has asked me to look _____ her children tonight. A. for B. at C. up

D. after

9. He has a lot of cows and sheep _____his farm. A. on B. in C. at

D. for

10. The man is famous _____ taking breath-taking pictures. A. of B. about C. at

D. for

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QUANTIFIERS 1. Some Dùng trong câu khẳng định. Ex: There is still some wine in the bottle. Dùng trong lời mời hay câu yêu cầu. Ex: Would you like some milk in your coffee?

-

2. Any Dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn. Ex: I didn’t eat any meat. Are there any stamps on the table? Dùng trong mệnh đề if. Ex: If you have any question, I would be pleased answer them.

-

-

3. No + Noun: Ex: no time, no money.

4. Some of/ most of/ none of/ … the/ this/ that/ these/ those/ my/ his/ Ann’s… Ex: Most of the students in this class like sports. Most students like sports. 5. Some of/ none of … + us/ you/ them. Ex: Some of them are really good.

6. Either, neither, both chỉ 2 sự việc. Any, none, all chỉ hơn 2 sự việc. Ex: We tried two hotels. Both of them were full. We tried five hotels. All of them were full.

7. Các từ chỉ số lượng khác: -

Much, little: dùng với danh từ không đếm được. Many, few: dùng với danh từ đếm được. Lots of, a lot of, plenty of: được dùng với cả danh từ đếm được và không đếm được.

-

Little, few: hầu như không có. Ex: little water, few books. A little, a few: 1 ít, 1 vài. Ex: a little water, a few books. 30

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EXERCISE Choose the best option A, II, C, or D. 1. 'Can you lend me $100?’ ‘I'm sorry. I have _____ money. A. few B. a few C. little

D. a little

2. _____football team has 11 players. A. All B. Each

D. Both

C. Some

3. Football, badminton, and tennis are_____ popular in Vietnam. A. both B. every C. all

D. many

4. He's going to the swimming pool with _____ of his friends. A. any B. some C. no

D. much

5. He spends _____ his time watching TV and playing games. A. much of B. much C. many of

D. many

6. In order to educate a child well, _____ teachers and parents have to be involved. A. all B. every C. whole D. both 7. A lot of applications were applied, but ______ were selected. A. no B. any C. few

D. little

8. In recent years, scientists have had_____ interest in researching second language acquisition in children. A. a lot B. many C. much D. any 9. Although I have_____ days off left, I can still take leave to take care of you. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little 10. On average, children should not spend more than 2 hours watching TV_____ day. A. all B. each C. some D. many

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RELATIVE CLAUSE Dấu hiệu nhận biết: Khi 1 câu có 2 động từ. I. Đại từ quan hệ: 1. Who/ Whom: chỉ người. Ex: The boy who sat next to me last night is my brother. The woman whom/ who they are looking for is Mary. 2. Which: chỉ vật. Ex: This is the book which I like best. 3. That: cả người lẫn vật, có thể thay thế cho who/ whom/ which. • Sau các từ: everything, something, anything, all, little, much, none + So sánh nhất →bắt buộc dùng that. • That không được dùng sau dấu phẩy và sau giới từ. Ex: That is the book that/ which I like best. I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park. She is the nicest woman that I’ve ever met. 4. Whose: chỉ sự sở hữu. (của cả người lẫn vật) Ex: The man whose car was stolen yesterday is my uncle. This is the book whose cover is nice. 5. When: chỉ thời gian. Ex: That was the time when (at which) he left home. May Day is the day when (on which) people hold a meeting. 6. Where: chỉ nơi chốn. Ex: Do you know the country where (in which) he was born? 7. Why: chỉ lý do. Ex: Please tell me the reason why you came late.

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II. Giới từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ. which: chỉ vật Sau Giới từ whom: chỉ người Ex: The man to whom Mary is talking is Tom The shop from which I got my hat is small. III. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ. 1/ Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thể chủ động: The boy who sat next to me last night is my brother. ➔ The boy sitting next to me last night is my brother. 2/ Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ thể bị động The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting. ➔ The books written by To Hoai are interesting.

EXERCISE Choose the best option A, B, C, 1. Adam Evans, _____ is a doctor, often stays in this hotel when he Is on vacation. A. who B. that C. which D. whose 2. The book _____ are on the table belong to Cathy. A. whose B. who C. that

D. Ǿ

3. The man _____ talking to the postman is my uncle. A. which B. who C. that

D. Ǿ

4. Harold, _____ car was stolen last night, is at the police station now. A. whose B. of which C. that

D. who

5. The director of the program ______ planning to retire next year is working hard to fulfill his duty. A. which B. who C. whom D. Ǿ 33

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6. The professor to _____ you spoke, yesterday. is not here today. A. who B. whom C. that

D. Ǿ

7. Tom bought a camera _____ has three lenses. A. which B. who C. of which

D. Ǿ

8. John's mother, _____ is a professor, has written several papers on chemical weapons. A. who B. whom C. that D. Ǿ 9. I came to visit Caddo, ______ my grandfather lived in his 20s. A. who B. when C. that 10. My son always loves winter ______ can go skiing in the mountains. A. who B. when C. which

34

D. where

D. where

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COMPARISONS 1. So sánh bằng S + V + as + Adj/ Adv/N + As + noun/pronoun. ❖ so có thể dùng thay thế cho as trong câu phủ định. Ex: He is as tall as his father. She drives as carefully as her sister (does). I have as much/ little money as you. She has as many/ few books asyou.

2. So sánh hơn và so sánh nhất

Ngắn (1 âm tiết) Tall/ short

Tính từ dài (>= 2 âm tiết, đuôi -ed, -ful, -ing, -ish, -ous.) Beautiful/ expensive

So sánh hơn Thêm -er Taller/ shorter Ex: Tom is taller than Peter. Thêm more/ less Ex: Mary is more/less beautifulthan Susan.

So sánh nhất Thêm the -est The tallest/ the shortest Ex: Tom is the tallest boy in his class. Thêm the most/ the least Ex: Marry is the most/ the least beautiful on her class.

❖ Lưu ý: - Tính từ tận cùng bằng phụ âm + y, đổi y => i, rồi thêm er. Ex: happy – happier, dry - drier - Hình thức nhấn mạnh: thêm much hoặc far trước hình thức so sánh. Ex: His watch is much more expensive than mine. -

So sánh nhất luôn luôn có “the”. So sánh nhất được dùng trong trường hợp khi có từ 3 sự vật/ sự việc được so sánh trở lên.

❖ Of the two và between them 1. Of the three students, Tom is______ a. taller b. the taller c. tallest 2. Of the two students, Tom is_______ a. taller b. the taller c. tallest

d. the tallest d. the tallest 35

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1. 2. 3. 4.

❖ Các trường hợp ngoại lệ: Good/ well better Bad/ badly worse Old older/elder Far father/further

the best the worst the oldest/ eldest the farthest/ furthest

EXERCISE 1. The students left_____ the professor had finished his lecture. A. So soon as B. As soon as C. Sooner than D. The soonest 2. He played the guitar_____ Andrew. A. better than B. as good as C. more good than D. so well as 3. The new house is_____ the old one. A. more expensive than B. the most expensive C. so expensive as D. much as expensive as 4. Of the four dresses, I like the red one_____. A. better B. much C. more D. the best 5. He is intelligent, and he works so hard. He is_____ mine. A. the best student of B. the best student in C. a better student of D. a better student in

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6. She sings_____ her sister. had finished his lecture. A. beautifully as B. as beautiful as C. more beautifully than D. the most beautifully of 7. Diana dances_____ her partner. A. more much artistically than B. so artistically as C. much artistically as D. much more artistically than 8. Your accent is_____ your mothers. A. not so strong as B. strong as C. more stronger than D. more strong than 9. The salary of a professor is_____. A. higher than a secretary B. higher than that of a secretary C. not so high as a secretary D. much higher than a secretary 10. The university is_____ the museum. A. further from here than B. more further from here than C. farther from here than D. as farther from here as

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PASSIVE VOICE 1. Phân biệt câu chủ động và câu bị động - Chủ động: The cat eats the mouse. ➔ Câu chủ động là câu có túc từ. - Bị động: The mouse is eaten by the cat. ➔ Câu bị động là câu không có túc từ.

2. Chia động từ ở dạng bị động: ❖ Công thức chung của bị động: Be + V3 ❖ Bị động ở thì gì thì chia be ở thì đó và cộng thêm V3. Hiện tại đơn

Am/ Is/ Are + V3

The letter is written

Quá khứ đớn

Was/ Were + V3

The letter was written

Hiện tại tiếp diễn

Am/ Is/ Are being + V3

The letter is being written

Quá khứ tiếp diễn

Was/ Were being + V3

The letter was being written

Hiện tại hoàn thành

Have/ Has been + V3

The letter has been written

Quá khứ hoàn thành

Had been + V3

The letter had been written

Động từ khiếm khuyết

Can/ could/ may… be + V3

The letter can be written

❖ Lưu ý: - Khi không muốn nêu rõ tác nhân, trong câu bị động, me, you, him, them, people, someone… thường được lược bỏ. Ex: I was given a bunch of flowers by him. - Dấu hiệu của bị động: không những có “by” mà còn có “with”. Ex: I was given a bunch of flowers by my teacher. I was impressed with his knowledge.

3. Bị động của động từ nhận thức tri giác: Ex:

I saw her come in. ➔ She was seen to come in. I saw the car running down the hill. ➔ The car was seen running down the hill. 38

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❖ Note: Bị động của 1 động từ thường sẽ nối với động từ còn lại bằng chữ “to”. Ex: Mary is expected to come here.

EXERCISE 1. I was told that my salary will _____ down to 50 percent. A. be cutting B. cut C. be cut D. not cut 2. Almost everything the lecturer said in class _____. A. is written down B. are written down C. wrote down D. writes down 3. A number of valuable artworks _____ by the earthquake last year. A. is destroyed B. are destroyed C. was destroyed D. were destroyed 4. By the time I was four, I _____ how to play chess. A. was taught B. am taught C. had been taught D. taught 5. Morgan _____ the best student in class. A. is considered to be B. is considered being C. is considered be D. considered to be 6. It _____ that there is a connection between eating chocolate and having good health. A. is discovered B. was discovering C. has discovered D. have been discovered

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7. A large sum of money _____ to charity. A. is donating B. was donated C. has been donate D. has donated 8. The house _____ to Tom by his best friend. A. is sell B. was sold C. sold D. sells 9. He _____ for the problem. A. is blame B. was blamed C. were blamed D. has be claimed 10. To do the research, all the tests _____ by Tim. A. have to be carried out B. is carried out C. have carried out D. be carried out

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IF CLAUSE (MỆNH ĐỀ CHỈ ĐIỀU KIỆN) I.

CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ IF (NẾU) TYPES IF CLAUSE If loại 1 (Should) ( Có thật ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai) V1/ s/ es

MAIN CLAUSE Will Can

V1

Ex: If Mary studies hard, If loại 2 ( Không có thật ở hiện tại )

V1

V2/ were

Ex: If today were Sunday, If loại 3 ( Không có thật ở quá khứ)

she will pass the exam. Would Could

I would go swimming. Would Could have

V3

Had V3

Ex: If he had studied hard,

he would have passed the exam last year.

* Mệnh đề trong câu điều kiện có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính. Ex:

If Mary studies hard, she will pass the exam. Marry will pass the exam if she studies hard.

* Đôi khi ta có thể thay thế can, will, could, would bằng may, might, must, should II. UNLESS = “IF … NOT” (Trừ phi/ Nếu … không) Trong mệnh đề điều kiện dạng phủ định, ta có thể thay liên từ IF bằng UNLESS. Tuy nhiên, khi dùng UNLESS rồi, ta không dùng NOT nữa. Ex:

If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam.

 Unless you study hard, you’ll fail in the exam.

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III. ĐẢO NGỮ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ ĐIỀU KIỆN (Chỉ được dùng cho SHOULD, WERE VÀ HAD) Khi muốn nhấn mạnh 1 ý nào đó, ta có thể dùng câu điều kiện mà không cần dùng IF hay UNLESS bằng cách đảo chủ ngữ ra sau SHOULD, WERE hoặc HAD. Ex: If you should run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter.  Should you run into Peter, tell him he owes me a letter. If they were stronger, they could lift the table.  Were they stronger, they could lift the table. If he had studied hard, he would have pass the exam.  Had he studied hard, he would have pass the exam.

EXERCISE Choose the best option A, B, C, or D. 1. If I _____ him, I _____ tell her the true story. A. am / will B. was / would C. were / would D. will be / will 2. I _____ you up last night if I _____ that your car broke down. A. will pick / know B. would pick / know C. would pick / had known D. would have picked / had known 3. If you _____ your mind, please let me know as soon as possible. A. will change B. should change C. may change D. might change 4. The child is crying because his mother isn't here. If his mother _____ here, the child _____ be crying. A. is / will B. is / will not C. were / would D. were / would not 42

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5. If she _____ by noon tomorrow, I myself _____ pick her up. A. arrive / will B. arrives / will C. arrived / would D. had arrived / would 6. The weather is cold today, but if it _____ warm today, I _____ have a picnic. A. were / would B. was / wouldu C. is /will D. had been / would 7. If you _____ to bed early last night, you _____ so tired this morning. A. went / would not be B. had gone / wouldn't have been C. had gone / would not be D. went /wouldn't have been 8. _____they realized the danger, they would have called the police immediately. A. Should B. Were C. Had D. If 9. We _____ move to our new flat this weekend if they _____ finish painting it. A. Ǿ / will B. will / Ǿ C. should / will D. Ǿ / should 10. My grandfather is no long alive, but if he _____, he _____ proud of me. A. is / will be B. is / is C. was / would be D. were / would be

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GRAMMAR REVIEW 1. Read the passage below and choose the best option for each gap. (P.71) Many people know a vegetarian diet (1) _____ many benefits. Vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of deadly diabetes than people (2) _____ eat meat. However, not (3) _____ people realize that a vegetarian diet is also better for our environment. A report on how consumer behavior affects the environment (4) _____ This report showed that meat consumption can damage the environment nearly (5) _____ as the use of motor vehicles. So, how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment? First, (6) _____ water and land are used. 11,000 liters of water are needed to produce 0.45 kg of beef, while only 90 liters of water are needed to produce 0.45 kg of wheat. By producing crops instead of animals, (7) _____ can make better use of land and water. Second, farm animals cause global warming. Animal bodies release methane (CH4). One cow can produce 60 liters of methane each day, and like CO2, CH4 produces greenhouse effects, which heat up our Earth. So, a vegetarian diet is good not just for (8) _____ health but also for the environment. However, (9) _____ a vegetarian diet that says “No” to products made from animals such as cheese, eggs, and milk. Nutritionists believe this (10) _____ diet lacks some of the vitamins and minerals that our bodies need daily. 1. A. have

B. has

C. has had

D. had

2. A. which

B. what

C. who

D. when

3. A. few

B. every

C. a lot

D. many

4. A. has been released B. is released

C. released

D. has been releasing

5. A. more badly

B. as badly

C. most badly

D. as bad

6. A. a lot

B. little

C. lots of

D. many

7. A. I

B. they

C. you

D. we

8. A. a

B. an

C. the

D. Ǿ (no article)

9. A. do not follow

B. following

C. follow

D. to follow

10. A. strictness

B. strictly

C. strict

D. strictest

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2. Read the passage below and choose the best option for each gap. Yao Ming is one of the most famous stars in basketball today. He is the (1) _____ player in h, country, with a height of 2.29 meters. Yao was born in Shanghai, China, M 1980. His mother was a star of the Chinese nation, (2) _____ basketball team, and his father played for a team in Shanghai. By the age of nine, Yao was already 1.7 meters tall, but he was not (3) _____ in sports. He was a shy child who loved reading, especially about Chinese history. When he was 12, coaches discovered him and enrolled him in sports academy. In the 1990s, (4) _____ basketball became extremely popular in China, and Yao began training for his future career. In 1997, he joined the Shanghai Sharks, the Chinese Basketball Association team in his hometown. Before he joined, the team was very unsuccessful, but Yao led them to the national championship. In the championship game, he made 21 shots — and (5) _____ one of them was very successful. This was a new world record. A foreign sports shoe company noticed Yao's talent and sent him to (6) _____ summer basketball camp in Paris. He met young players from around the world there and (7) _____ to a youth basketball program in the U.S. When Yao played with the Chinese national team at the 2000 Olympics in Sydney, Australia, he got a lot of attention from international coaches. The National Basketball Association (NBA) in the U.S chose him (8) _____ professional basketball in 2002. He joined the Houston Rockets. In his first games, he scored only a few points, and his coaches thought he (9) _____ adjust to basketball in the U.S. However, his playing improved (10) _____, and he soon scored 30 points in one game. In 2006, he received the most votes for the All-Star Team. 1. A. tall

B. taller

C. tallest

D. most tall

2. A. women's

B. woman

C. women

D. woman's

3. A. Interesting

B. interested

C. interest

D. interests

4. A. a

B. an

C. the

D. Ǿ

5. A. none

B. every

C. no

D. all

6. A. his

B. that

C. this

D. their

7. A. invited

B. was invited

C. was inviting

D. would be invited

8. A. play

B. playing

C. to play

D. played

9. A. shouldn't

B. couldn't

C. needn't

D. would

10. A. very fast

B. fastly

C. in a fast way

D. with fastness

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3. Read the passage below and choose the best option for each gap. Claude Monet a 19th century French painter, was the most famous artist associated with the movement (1) _____ as Impressionism. Monet was born on November 14, 1.0, and even as a young man, he was known for (2) _____ small portraits in charcoal. In 1858, Monet met the artist Eugène Boudin, who became his mentor and introduced Monet to painting outdoors, or “en plein air" as (3) _____ came to be known. In 1859, at the age of 19, Monet moved to Paris to become a professional artist. Most artists of his time tried to imitate nature (4) _____. However, in his landscape paintings, Monet portrayed nature as it appeared to him instead. In particular, he was interested in how light affects the ways that we perceive color. In one of his (5) _____ famous series of work, Monet painted the cathedral in Rouen, France at several different times of day, showing how changes in natural light make the cathedral (6) _____ to change color. In 1883, Monet moved to a small French town called Giveny, (7) _____ he built an elaborate garden. This garden, in particular its water lily ponds, became the chief subject of (8) _____ later paintings. Monet's paintings of water lilies were extremely influential to 20th century modem artists. In these paintings, Monet used the landscape merely as a starting point, creating abstract fields of vibrant color. These paintings relied on broad, thick brushstrokes. (9) _____ texture of these brushstrokes gave the canvases a tactile quality that contrasted sharply with the smooth canvases produced by more traditional artists. Though he struggled financially throughout his life, when Monet died in 1926, he was one of the most famous and (10) _____ painters in the world. 1. A. to be known

B. known

C. has been known

2. A. producing

B. production

C. to produce

D. productive

3. A. they

B. he

C. it

D. them

4. A. realism

B. realistically

C. realistic

D. unrealistic

5. A. more

B. most

C. as

D. less

6. A. to appear

B. appears

C. appear

D. appeared

7. A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where

8. A. Monet

B. that of Monet

C. Monets’

D. Monet’s

9. A. a

B. an

C. the

D. Ǿ

10. A. influential

B. influencing

C. influence

D. influenced

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D. was known

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4. Read the passage below and choose the best option for each gap. OLYMPIC GAMES In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks' chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but later the games (1) _____ to all free Greek males who had no criminal records. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore, contests (2) _____ running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing, and horse and chariot racing were held in individual Cities, and the winners competed (3) _____ four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were (4) _____ honored by having olive wreaths placed on (5) _____ heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally, these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities represented. The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in four-, cycles called -Olympiads, dating from 776 B.C. The contests coincided with religious festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods. Anyone (6) _____ disobeyed the rules were dismissed and (7) _____ be seriously punished. These athletes brought: shame not only to (8) _____ but also to the cities they represented. Nowadays, the modern Olympic Games are the leading international sporting evert featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are (9) _____ the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are now also held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating, meaning they (10) _____ occur every four years, but two years apart. 1. A. was opened

B. opened

C. has been opened D. were open

2. A. at

B. in

C. about

D. for

3. A. all

B. each

C. every

D. any

4. A. great

B. greatly

C. greatness

D. greatest

5. A. their

B. his

C. our

D. its

6. A. whom

B. whose

C. which

D. that

7. A. can

B. should

C. could

D. may

8. A. them

B. themselves

C. him

D. himself

9. A. consider to be

B. considered to be C. considered be

D. considered being

10. A. each

B. all

D. whole

C. every 47

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READING COMPREHENSION VOCABULARY QUESTIONS Passage 1 1. Every week, millions of dollars are spent and won on lottery tickets. The jackpot in many lotteries can be as much as 100 million dollars, and winners suddenly find themselves with more money than ever before. Many will have enough to purchase a new car, build a luxury house, take a holiday, and quit working — all within a short amount of time. The lucky few who hit the jackpot, however, may end up with problems - more than they had before they struck it rich. According to Steven Goldbart of a financial planning institute in San Francisco, two out of three winners spend all their winnings within five years. 2. Newly affluent lottery winners are actually in quite a tricky situation, and lottery organizers employ counselors to help jackpot winners. These counselors encourage winners to get advice from financial experts, such as accountants, about how best to invest their windfall. The counselors also help winners understand how their lives may change for the better - and possibly for the worse. Luckily, many jackpot winners manage their fortunes sensibly. Some winners, however, do not use their money wisely and, as a result, end up getting into various unforeseen difficulties.

1. The word jackpot in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to. A. B. C. D.

the most expensive ticket the least expensive ticket the biggest prize the smallest prize

2. The word purchase in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by. A. B. C. D.

buy rent change register

3. The word affluent in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____. A. B. C. D.

lucky independent cheerful wealthy

4. The word windfall in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _____. A. B. C. D.

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inherited money unexpected money fortunes savings

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Passage 2 1. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), also known as the winterblues, can do more than put a person in a bad mood. According to psychologists at the University of Chicago School of Medicine, the winter blues is a serious cyclical depression that can drastically affect a person's work performance. 2. One reason that SAD becomes such a problem in the workplace is that people go to extreme measures to combat the cyclical depression. While some people compensate for the lack of sunshine by overeating, others rely on alcohol to improve their spirits. Both of these indulgences cause people to feel less motivated at home and on the job. 3. In his recent best seller, Building a Healthy Workforce, Michael E. London, M.D., suggests that approximately 15 million Americans suffer from some degree of SAD. As London says in his book, the winter blues lasts longer than just the three or four months of winter. People with SAD begin to notice their moods changing as soon as they start thinking about the onset of winter. For many people, the symptoms of SAD are triggered as soon as the clocks go back an hour, and we lose an hour of sunlight.

5. The word drastically in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by _____. A. B. C. D.

slightly moderately greatly normally

6. The word combat in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____. A. B. C. D.

improve fight against establish change

7. The word onset in paragraph 3 could best be replaced by _____. A. beginning B. end C. beauty D. departure 8. The word triggered in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _____. A. B. C. D.

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decided avoided arranged started

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DETAIL QUESTIONS Passage 1 (Page 104) Languages seem to be converging to a smaller number as languages like English seem to eat up regional ones. The three languages used the most by first language speakers today are Mandarin Chinese, English, and Spanish. English is being used more and more as the main language for business, science, and popular culture. Evidence suggests that the dominant languages are squeezing out the local tongues of various regions in the world. Linguists estimate that of the approximately 6,500 languages worldwide, about half are endangered or on the brink of extinction. According to some linguists, the estimated rate of language extinction is one lost in the world every two weeks. If this sounds like the world is losing a species, in a way it is.

1. According to the passage, what are the three languages with the largest number of native speakers in the world? A. B. C. D.

Mandarin Chinese, English and Portuguese. English, Mandarin Chinese and Hindi. Mandarin Chinese, English and Spanish. English, Mandarin Chinese and Arabic.

2. According to the passage, a number of languages in the is decreasing because ______. A. English is used more widely as the main language for business, science and popular culture B. English seems to eat up regional languages C. the dominant languages are replacing many regional ones D. the estimated rate of language extinction is low

3. According to the passage, how many languages are in danger of disappearing? A. B. C. D.

Approximately 6,500. Approximately 3,500. About 2,350. Roughly 3,250.

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Passage 2 (Page 105) Near-Earth Objects (NEOs) is a contemporary term for massive objects that periodically cross Earth's orbit, and in doing so come close to our planet. They include asteroids, meteoroids, and comets. The word "asteroid" is Greek for "star-like," so named because early telescopes could see them only as points of light. Two large asteroids have since been photographed up close by space probes. They resemble misshapen potatoes, their surfaces covered with craters like the surface of our moon. Almost all asteroids are confined to the asteroid belt, but many wander far beyond the orbit of Jupiter, and others plunge inward past the orbit of Venus. Larger asteroids are spherical, but smaller ones are extremely irregular. It is estimated that more than a thousand asteroids are at least a mile wide. Perhaps a dozen are three or more miles wide. There is no lower limit to asteroid size because they grade down to tiny rocks and particles of dust, but no asteroid is big enough to hold an atmosphere. It is these large NEOs that pose a monstrous threat to humanity if they come close to Earth or hit it.

4. According to the passage, what does the word asteroid mean? A. B. C. D.

Star-like. A point of light. A misshapen potato. A rotating disc.

5. According to the passage, how many asteroids are estimated to be three, or more than three miles wide? A. B. C. D.

A thousand. More than a thousand. Ten Twelve

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NEGATIVE DETAIL QUESTIONS Passage 1 1. Martial arts began thousands of years ago in the Far East. However, the Ancient Greeks and Romans also had their own forms of martial arts. In China martial arts are called "Wu Shu" or "Kung Fu". The most popular martial arts are judo, wrestling and fencing (which comes from the Japanese sport of 'Kendo'). All of them are now Olympic sports. Karate, meaning 'empty hands', is also extremely popular today. 2. Since the 1960s, when the movie star Bruce Lee made Kung Fu famous, martial arts have become more well-known throughout the world. To be good at martial arts, you need physical strength, self-discipline, the ability to concentrate mentally, and a good sense of rhythm and balance.

1. According to the passage, which of the following it NOT true about martial arts? A. B. C. D.

They did not begin in Europe. They require practitioners to have physical strength. They are more popular in China than in Japan. They are included in Olympic programmes.

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Passage 2 (P.108) There many reasons affluent parents hire someone to help their children. Impatience and lack of confidence are typical reasons for outsourcing parental duties. Also, excellence is often expected in these families, and therefore parents hire an expert. These parents also want to avoid the exasperating confrontations of childrearing. They do not want to get frustrated and ruin the relationship they have with their children. Child psychologists, however, believe that when parents are not present for major steps in their children's lives, they are destroying their relationship with their children. The bond between a parent and a child can only be built through quality time spent with one another. Children need and want to spend time with their parents. Children learn more about life through their parents' examples than anything else in their lives.

2. According to the passage, all of the following are reasons wealthy parents look for assistance EXCEPT______. A. B. C. D.

they are not patient enough they are too busy they want excellence they are not confident enough

3. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT considered a negative aspect of outsourcing parental duties? A. B. C. D.

Parent-child relationship may be destroyed. Parent-child bond may not be strong enough. Children do not have chances to learn about life. Children do not have chances to benefit from their parents' examples.

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Passage 3 1. A few years ago, laser surgery was considered a huge advance in medicine, but now it seems any surgery will soon be a thing of the past. We will not need surgery because nanorobots will solve our health problems. Nanorobots are microscopic robots. They are 100,000 times smaller than a human hair, but they can repair the body. For example, a cancer patient will simply have to take a tablet containing nanorobots preprogrammed to destroy cancerous cells. Other nanorobots will be able to mend broken bones, heal wounds, fight viruses, clean arteries and solve other medical problem. 2. Can you imagine cities without traffic jams and no traffic noise? They may exist one day thanks to the Segway. The Segway is a kind of motorized scooter. Movement is directed by the movement of the body - if you want to go right, you simply lean to the right, and so on. To stop, you simple stand upright. Police in Boston are going to start using them for routine patrols soon, and Amazon is going to sell the machines on its website by the end of this year.

3. Researchers are predicting that we will soon be able to send text messages with mobile phones using only our eyes. The new phones will work through the use of sensors which can tell which letters of the alphabet are being looked at when they are displayed on the screen. The program is being developed for people with physical disabilities, but it will probably have wider applications.

4. According to paragraph 1, nanorobots can do all of the following EXCEPT _____. A. B. C. D.

program themselves clean arteries mend broken bones destroy cancerous cells

5. The passage mentions changes in all of the following EXCEPT_____. A. B. C. D.

communications medicine travel education

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REFERENT QUESTIONS Passage 1 (P.111) 1. Food is an important part of Christmas celebrations. Japanese do not usually eat roast turkey or baked ham on Christmas. They are more likely to eat fried or roast teriyaki chicken, fried potatoes, cheese-stuffed wonton, or even pizza. The favorite dessert is "Christmas cake". Christmas cake is something that hardly exists in the West. It is a light, not very sweet cake covered with whipped cream and fruit such as strawberries, with possibly a plastic Santa Claus for decoration on top. Stores everywhere compete to sell their distinctive versions of Christmas cake before the holiday and then lower the price dramatically on December 25. 2. As in the West, gift-giving is a big part of the holiday, but it takes on its own character in Japan. On their big night out, romantic partners may give each other flowers, cute toys, or rings or other jewelry. Within the family, parents may give presents to their young children, but children do not usually give anything to their parents. The idea here is that the gifts come from Santa Claus, so it only makes sense to give them while the children are still young enough to believe in Santa. Besides, there are the presents, called oseibo, which are given between companies, to the boss, to teachers or other people outside the immediate circle of family of friends. These gifts are part of the Japanese tradition of showing appreciation to people who have performed some type of service for you. 1. What does the word that in paragraph 1 refer to? A. B. C. D.

Dessert Christmas cake Something the West

2. The word it in paragraph 2 refers to_____. A. B. C. D.

the West gift-giving part holiday

3. What does the word them in paragraph 2 refer to? A. B. C. D.

Children Parents Gifts Cute toys 55

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Passage 2 (P.112) 1. In Myanmar, the women of the Padaung Karen ethnic group wear brass neck rings to make themselves more attractive. In many up-river communities of Borneo, both men and women stretch their earlobes to indicate wealth or enhance beauty. Maori men of New Zealand get moko (facial tattoos) carved on their faces with a bone chisel. These customs may seem strange to outsiders, but they are not so different from the beautification practices you would find in almost any culture worldwide. 2. Body modification has a long history. Whether it is acceptable or not, however, depends on your culture's concepts of beauty. Elongating the neck or binding the feet might seem strange to you, but these processes have essentially the same purpose as piercing the ears for earrings. The purpose of foot-binding in China was to stunt the growth of a woman's feet so that she would be more attractive to men. Some women today have foot surgery so that they can fit into high-heeled shoes that supposedly make their legs look more beautiful. In either case, a woman consciously alters her body in the name of her culture's' idea of beauty. Women and men may use braces to straighten their teeth, have surgery to remove body fat, or undergo operations to "fix" a nose or remove skin wrinkles. It is all in the pursuit of beauty. 4. What does the word they in paragraph 1 refer to? A. B. C. D.

Faces Customs Outsiders Practices

5. The word it in paragraph 2 refers to A. B. C. D.

body modification history culture beauty

6. What does the word that in paragraph 2 refer to? A. B. C. D.

Women Foot surgery High-heeled shoes Legs

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PARAPHRASE QUESTIONS Passage 1 1. Besides collaborating with others, today's entrepreneurs need to be able to think on their feet because the business situation changes so quickly. Entrepreneurs need to do constant research to keep track of changing trends. Today's entrepreneurs need to be hardworking and tenacious - the easy money of the dotcom era is history. Experimentation and innovation are critical in a rapidly changing and highly competitive marketplace. 2. It seems that the mistakes of the dot-com era have shown the world what high-tech economy truly is and what it is not. It is not a place where anyone with a dream can get rich. It is, however, a powerful and flexible business environment where people with sound business ideas and effective business models can work together to produce successful business innovations - sometimes very successful ones indeed. However, as has always been true in the business world, there is no substitute for thorough planning and hard work.

1. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1? A. Entrepreneurs should collaborate with others due to quick changes in business. B. Due to rapid changes in business, entrepreneurs need to cooperate with others and have the ability to react quickly. C. Entrepreneurs need to think and react quickly because business situations change fast. D. Because of rapid business changes, entrepreneurs should work and exchange ideas with others. 2. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2? A. B. C. D.

Nothing can replace partial planning and hard work in business. People should work hard and have thorough plans to succeed in life. Hard work and careful planning are of equal importance in business. Hard work and detailed planning are the most important in business.

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Passage 2 1. Ecotourism is a combination of ecology (the study of system of living things) and tourism. The International Ecotourism Society defines ecotourism as "responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of the local people." Actually, ecotourism can mean travel to far-off places of great natural beauty, but not always in a responsible way. It is big business, and the allure of money can cause people to think about profits first. While ecotourism offers benefit for people and ecosystems; it leaves ecosystems open to negative effects, too. 2. Costa Rica, once a Spanish colony and independent since 1821, has an ecotourism industry worth over one billion dollars yearly, and thousands of jobs have been created. Nearly 21 percent of the land is now protected national parks largely thanks to ecotourism. Nonetheless, due to the number of people visiting the country's natural places, some damage to the ecotourism has occurred.

3. While tourists can have a negative impact on ecosystems, the same areas might have been totally destroyed by industries such as farming, logging, or mining were there no ecotourism industry. Instead, sanctuaries have been created, keeping the ecosystem protected. Besides, by visiting beautiful rainforests and seeing rare animals, visitors get a sense of their value and of gratitude for them. Tour guides can also be educators who train people to love and care for the environment. Visitors can take these lessons with them to their home countries.

3. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1? A. B. C. D.

Ecotourism does both good and harm to people and ecosystems. Ecotourism is beneficial to people and ecosystems. Ecotourism does more harm than good to people and ecosystems. Ecotourism does more good than harm to people and ecosystems.

4. Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 3? A. B. C. D.

Ecotourism helps to protect land areas from destruction. Farming, logging, and mining can negatively affect ecosystems. Both ecotourism and other industries can badly damage ecosystems. Tourists indirectly destroy natural places and damage ecosystems. 58

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PURPOSE QUESTIONS Passage 1 Gasoline is a petroleum-based fuel that is hard to imagine giving up. It is literally the lifeblood of modern society. People do not want to give up driving automobiles, and this has been a major obstacle to ending the world’s gasoline addiction. Unfortunately, some analysts fear that world oil production will soon reach a peak and then go into a sharp decline. Butanol, ethanal, biodiesel are fuels made from plants. They are renewable, green alternatives to gasoline. They can be made from a variety of plants, including corn, soybeans and others. Many people feel that they can help ease the world's gasoline addiction. Others are concerned that corn and soybeans that could be used to feed the world will instead be dedicated to making automobile fuel.

1. The author mentions the world's gasoline addiction in the passage in order to indicate that _____. A. B. C. D.

people are concerned about gasoline supplies worldwide using gasoline is the best choice for people worldwide it is difficult for people worldwide to stop using gasoline gasoline is an expensive automobile fuel for people worldwide

2. Why does the author mention Butanol, ethanol, and biodieselin the passage? A. B. C. D.

To emphasize the similarities between them and gasoline. To give examples of non-renewable alternatives to gasoline. To explain how they can replace gasoline. To indicate that they are among sustainable, green sources of energy.

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Passage 2 1. Lung cancer kills more people in one year than all criminal and accidental deaths combined. These statistics are shocking, but the good news is that people are now well-informed about the risks connected to lung cancer. They know that their risk of contracting this terrible disease decreases if they either stop smoking or do not smoke at all. Unfortunately, the same cannot be said about other types of cancer. Many people are not aware that their everyday behavior can lead to the development of these different forms of cancer. By eating better, exercising regularly, and staying out of the sun, people can reduce their risks. 2. Instead of foods that are good for them, people often eat hamburgers, cheese, French fries, and pizza. These common foods contain large amounts of saturated fat, which is the worst kind of fat. Though light and fat-free products are constantly being introduced to the consumer market, many people still buy food that contains fat because it often tastes better. However, eating fatty foods can increase a person's chances for some kinds of cancer. People do not eat as many fresh vegetables and fresh fruits as they used to. Instead, they now eat a lot more processed foods that do not contain natural fiber. Lack of fiber in a person's diet can increase the chance of colon cancer. In the past, people with less information about nutrition actually had better diets than people do today. They all had fewer cases of cancer.

3. Why does the author mention the same cannot be said about other types of cancer in paragraph 1? A. B. C. D.

To warn that smoking is an important risk factor for lung cancer. To classify different types of cancer. To compare lung cancer with other forms of cancer. To indicate that people may get other forms of cancer even when they do not smoke or have stopped smoking.

4. The author mentions natural fiber in paragraph 2 in order to indicate _____. A. B. C. D.

its importance in our diet its connection with nutrition a basic ingredient in processed foods a valuable source of minerals

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INFERENCE QUESTIONS Passage 1 1. Sadly, we know that many creatures are truly extinct. Some animals, like the unicorn, probably never even existed, except in mythology. Others, like the dodo bird, really did exist but became extinct quite recently, hence the popular English expression 'dead as a dodo'. 2. Because of hunting and poor conservation, it is certain that more animals than ever are in danger of extinction. Endangered species include the elephant, the giraffe, and even the lion and the rhinoceros. However, some animals which we thought were extinct may not be after all. From Canada to New Zealand, Mexico to Tibet and The Congo to the Pacific Ocean, there have been many reports of strange creatures. People say they have seen creatures which no one has ever seen before. There have also been reports about animals that scientists thought had disappeared. There are stories of enormous lizards, huge sharks, wild snowmen, giant crocodiles, men that look like apes and even flying reptiles. Perhaps some of these creatures are, in fact, the animals that we once thought were extinct.

1. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the unicorn _____. A. B. C. D.

is truly extinct is in danger of extinction still exists is a fictional animal

2. It can be understood from paragraph 2 that people in various parts of _____ have seen animals that were thought to be extinct. A. B. C. D.

North America Africa the world Asia

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Passage 2

1. Every ten years, the height of the average person in Europe increases by 13 millimeters. Every year, more and more big people are born. However, we are not becoming taller than we have ever been before. In fact, we are really only just becoming as tall as we were thousands of years ago. 2. To understand the reasons for the changes in our height, it is necessary to look back on our history — to Paleolithic times. For most of our past, our ancestors got their food from a wide variety of sources: while women were gathering herbs, fruits and berries, men were killing wild animals. One study found that these 'hunter-gatherers' used to have a diet of 85 different plants.

3. Then, about 9,000 years ago, agriculture was invented - with disastrous results. Most of our planet's forests and natural green places were taken over by farmers. This meant that instead of living off many plants, just three - wheat, rice and maize became the staple diet of the human race. This left us smaller and less healthy. Still, agriculture spread because a piece of farmland could support ten times more people than land used by hunter-gatherers. 4. During the last ice age, which ended 10,000 years ago, people were slightly rounder and taller - an answer to the cold. Larger, round bodies are better at keeping in the heat! When our climate began to get hotter, we appear to have become slightly thinner and smaller. As global warming begins to take effect, we may shrink even further. Mankind's future could be that of a couch potato, a lazy creature, with a taste for far too much junk food, comfortable sofas and home entertainment. Some scientists say that not enough exercise will result in humans developing smaller skeletons and bodies which are too fat.

3. It can be understood from paragraph 2 that _____. A. our ancestors' diet was more varied than ours B. our ancestors were good at hunting wild animals C. our ancestors were short of food D. our ancestors did not eat a lot of vegetables

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What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about agriculture? A. B. C. D.

It provided humans with many different plants. It changed humans' staple diet. It helped humans gather more fruits. It helped humans have a healthier diet.

5. Paragraph 4 implies that _____. A. B. C. D.

humans are now bigger than they were long ago human body weight tends to decrease in cold climate the human skeleton has changed over time humans change their shape and size according to the environment

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MAIN IDEA QUESTIONS Passage 1 1. Attending a community college is much cheaper than attending a university. For example, tuition at a local community college I attended might cost less than $3,000 for two years. The same classes taken at a nearby university would cost almost $5,000. In addition, a university would charge more for parking, photocopying at the library, cafeteria food, campus health clinic services, and textbooks. No matter how the total bill is calculated or what is included, it is more expensive to study at a university. 2. Attending a community college can be more convenient because of its location. Going to a university often requires recent high school graduates to live far from home, and many of them are reluctant to do so. These students are only seventeen or eighteen years old and may have very little experience at being away from home. It would be difficult for these young people to suddenly find themselves far away from their families. In addition, very few parents are prepared to send their teenagers to distant universities. Because almost every area has a community college, students who opt to go to a community college can continue to be near their families for two more years. 3. Finally, there are educational benefits to attending a community college. University life is very different from community college life. A university campus offers a large variety of sports events and parties, and students can easily become distracted from their studies. -Community colleges, which typically have fewer students and extracurricular activities, may be a better environment for serious study. In addition, the library facilities at a community college, though not as large as those at a university, are more than sufficient for the kind of work that is required in first- or second-year courses. Class size is also an issue to consider. Introductory courses at universities often have fifty to sixty or even one hundred students. In such large classes, student-teacher interaction usually is minimal, and learning can be more difficult for some students. Finally, the teaching at community colleges is often better than the teaching at a university. Professors at community colleges have the same credentials as those at universities, and community college professors spend most of their time teaching instead of conducting research as university professors have to do.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. B. C. D.

The pros and cons of attending a community college. The advantages of attending a community college. The importance of attending a community college. The drawbacks of attending a community college. 64

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Passage 2 1. Many people, when introduced to others, know that they are going to forget their names anyway. For this reason, they go through a whole series of introductions without realty looking at the faces, those they are being introduced to. Their fear of failure actually guarantees that they will not such. Even those who do look at new faces will often tend to see them as a general picture and do not really look at specific characteristics. However, because your memory works by making connections between ideas and also by noticing anything outstanding, it is essential that when you see a new face, you look at it properly so that you can remember any unusual features. This does not mean peering rudely at the person's face but simply taking an active, intelligent interest. 2. You can practice this by looking at people in public places and giving yourself different parts of the face to look at. On one day you might concentrate on noses, another day on eyebrows, another day on ears or general head shapes, etc. You will be surprised to find that each part of each face varies enormously from person to person and that your increasing ability to notice differences will help to remind you of the new people you meet. 3. To help you even further, you can use this way of remembering names when being introduced. If it is appropriate, ask for the name to be repeated, and then use it politely in the conversation you have. It is far more polite to use the name of the person you have just met than to refer to them as 'you', 'he' or 'she' when talking to a third person. 4. Another good idea is to ask about the meaning of the person's surname. Most people have some knowledge of or ere interested in the meaning of their names and are happy to talk about it. During the conversation, if there is anything unusual about either the face or the name, try to link it with something else that will help you to remember. The advantage of this is that the more successful you become at remembering names, the more confident and happier you will be about meeting new people.

2. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. Some reasons people find it difficult to remember the names and faces of the new people they meet. B. Some important things people should avoid doing when they are introduced to new people. C. Some methods that can help people remember the names and foes of the new people they meet. D. Some problems that prevent people from remembering the names and faces of the new people they meet. 65

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INFORMATION TRANSFER QUESTIONS Passage 1

1. Different Korean American students react differently to being in a high school where most students are white. Professor Pyong Gap Min, an expert on Korean life in America, believes that Korean Americans in this situation can sometimes feel inhibited or ashamed of their Korean identity. Asian Week interviewed a number of GBS students, and each had a different attitude. 2. Eighteen-year-old Alice said that she used to spend time only with Korean American friends. Although she felt secure with those friends, she found herself motivated to form closer relationships with non-Koreans, too. She said that she felt she was missing out on new experiences and challenges. 3. Seventeen-year-old John moved in the opposite direction. In junior high school, most of John's friends were white. After coming to GBS, his sense of his Korean American identity was restored, and he decided to have mainly Korean American friends. He feels that he and his Korean American friends understand each other better. For example, they understand about severe parental pressures to succeed at school; John felt his white friends could not really understand. 4. Sixteen-year-old Paul has some Korean American friends, but he says he spends most of his time with his white friends. He is often the only Asian American in the group, but he does not mind. What Paul likes about the white culture is that he can be more radical — he can be as loud and funny as he wants to be. He says he does not see as much of that among the Asian students.

1. Look at the pictures below carefully. Which picture best illustrates the information about John and his friends at GBS in paragraph 3?

A

B

C 66

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Passage 2 Like individual animals, animal species also eventually die out. It is estimated that until the 18th century one species disappeared from the Earth every four years. By the 19th century, this had increased to one species per year. By 1975, it was 1,000 species per year, and today animals are disappearing at the appalling rate of more than 40,000 species per year. Most species are threatened by pollution, habitat, destruction, and unreasonable exploitation caused by humans. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has created a number of categories that describe the danger level of animal species: • A species that has died out completely is called extinct. Examples are the dinosaur and the dodo bird. • Species that only live in zoos or on farms, etc., fall into the category extinct in the wild, for example, various horse species. • A species is labeled critically endangered when it is in immediate danger of dying out completely. Its numbers are dangerously low, and it needs protection in order to survive. The Siberian tiger and the snow leopard are two examples. • Species that have a high, but not immediate, risk of dying out are simply labeled endangered. The giant panda is a famous example. • A vulnerable species is in less trouble than an endangered one, but its numbers are still certainly declining. The cheetah and the African elephant are vulnerable species. • Animal species that are not particularly endangered and have high numbers of individuals are labeled less concern.

3. Look at the diagram below and choose three causes of species endangerment stated in the passage. 4. pollution

1. Human exploitation CAUSES OF SPECIES ENDANGER MENT

2. food shortage

A. B. C. D.

1,3,4 1,2,5 2,4,6 3,5,6

3. habitat destruction

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5. climate change 6. natural disasters

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2. Look at the picture below and decide which species category it indicates.

A. B. C. D.

Endangered species Critically endangered species Extinct in the wild species Vulnerable species

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SPEAKING SECTION PART 1 TYPE 1: SPEAKING ABOUT A PICTURE 1. Exercise 1:

Who are the people and what are they wearing?

Sample response:[Pictures] Topic sentence: In this set of pictures, I can see four people. They are wearing different clothes. Clue 1: In the first picture, there is a man wearing a black suit, a red tie and holding a bag. I’m not quite sure, but I think he is a businessman. Clue 2: In the second picture, there is a boy wearing a cap, a T-shirt, shorts and a pair of sneakers. A radio is placed behind the boy. He must be a rap singer. Clue 3: In the third picture, there is a girlwearing a white shirt, a tie and a blue skirt. She must be a student. Clue 4: In the last picture, there is a woman wearing a long white dress. Maybe she is a bride.

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2. Exercise 2:

The Smiths

John

Mary and Susan

Mrs. Linda

What do people usually do at the weekend?

Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 1 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 2 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 3 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 4 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 70

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3. Exercise 3:

Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 1 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 2 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 3 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 4 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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TYPE 2: SPEAKING ABOUT A MIND MAP 1. Exercise 1: Physical exercise Ex: go jogging

Healthy diet Ex: eat more vegetables

e

A healthy lifestyle

Good habits Ex: go to bed early

Positive feelings Ex: happy, not angry

What is the mind map about?

Sample response: Topic sentence: The mind map is about how to have a heathy lifestyle. Clue 1: First, we should do physical exercise. For example, we can go jogging every day. Clue 2: Second, we need a healthy diet such as eating more vegetables. Clue 3: Third, we ought to have positives feelings, for instance, we should be happy, not angry. Clue 4: Last, we had better maintain good habits like going to bed early. To sum up, those are what we should do to keep our body healthy.

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2. Exercise 2: Speaking Ex: chat with foreigners, friends

Listening Ex: News, movies

Study English well

Writing Ex: diaries, status on Facebook

Reading Ex: Newspapers, books

What is the mind map about?

Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 1 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 2 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 3 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 4 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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3. Exercise 3: e.g food and drinks

e.g shopping baskets

Reduce

Reuse

SAVING THE EARTH

Regrow

Recycle

e.g trees

e.g cans & bottles

Question: What are some ways we can save the Earth? Topic sentence: _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 1 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 2 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 3 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Clue 4 _________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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TYPE 3: SPEAKING ABOUT AN ANNOUNCEMENT 1. Exercise 1:

Sunflower English Club Singing contest Final round:

3 special prizes

Venue:

Victoria Hotel, 35 King Street

Time:

8 p.m – 10 p.m – Sunday, January 3rd

Entrance:

Free

What is the announcement about?

Sample response: The announcement is about a singing contest of the Sunflower English Club. This is the final round and there are 3 special prizes for the best candidates. The event is held at Victoria Hotel, 35 King Street. The contest begins at 8 o’clock and ends at 10 o’clock on Sunday evening, January the third. Entrance to singing contest is free/ Audience do not need to buy tickets.

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2. Exercise 2:

Support program (For victim of earthquake) Time: Items:

November 1 – December 23 Money, food, clothes, blankets, etc.

Activities: Taking care of victims, cleaning, building houses, etc. Contact:

John Miller (Mr.), Tel: 0167 509 611

What is the announcement about?

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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3. Exercise 3:

Sales conference Time: December 17th Venue:

Sheraton hotel, floor 2

Topic:

How to win a contract

Fee:

$30

Contact:

[email protected]

What is the announcement about?

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

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OCCUPATIONS I am a(n)...

I have to...

Accountant /əˈkaʊntənt/: kế toán

look after the finances in an organization.

Baker/ˈbeɪkə(r)/: thợ làm bánh Chef /ʃef/: đầu bếp Dentist /ˈdentɪst/: nha sĩ Doctor/ˈdɒktə(r)/: bác sĩ Flight attendant /ˈflaɪtətendənt/: tiếp viên hàng không Lawyer/ˈlɔːjə(r)/: luật sư

bake bread. prepare and cook food. look after people's teeth. look after people's health.

Nurse/nɜːs/: y tá

look after patients.

Receptionist/rɪˈsepʃənɪst/: nhân viên tiếp tân

meet and greet visitors.

Sales assistant /seɪlzəˈsɪstənt/: nhân viên bán hàng

sell goods and look after customers.

Secretary/ˈsekrətri/: thư ký

arrange appointments, type letters and organize meetings.

Surgeon/ˈsɜːdʒən/: nhà phẫu thuật; bác sĩ phẫu thuật

operate on people who are sick.

Tailor/ˈteɪlər/: thợ may

design, make, alter or repair garments,

Teacher /ˈtiːtʃər/: giáo viên

teach people.

Technician/tekˈnɪʃn/: nhân viên kỹ thuật

organize and repair technical equipment.

Mechanic

repairs and maintains machinery.

look after passengers. defend and prosecute people.

Vet/vet/(Veterinarian/ˌvetərɪˈneəriən/): bác sĩ look after people's animals. thú y Waiter/ˈweɪtə(r)/Waitress/ˈweɪtrəs/: bồi bàn

serve people food and drink.

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CLOTHES 1.

Vest /vest/: áo vét

17. Gloves /glʌvs/: găng tay

2.

Pants /pænts/: quần dài

18. Tie /tai/: cà vạt

3.

Dress /dres/: váy liền

19. Hat /hæt/: nón

4.

Skirt /skɜːrt/: váy rời

20. Cap /ˈkæp/: mũ lưỡi trai

5.

Shorts /ʃɔ:t/: quần đùi

21. Sunglasses /ˈsʌnˌglɑːsɪz/: kính râm

6.

Jeans /dʒiːnz/: quần jean

22. Swimming goggles /ˈgɒglz/: kính bơi

7.

Shirt /ʃɜːt/: áo sơ mi

23. Watch /wɒʧ/: đồng hồ đeo tay

8.

T-shirt /'ti: ∫ɜːt/: áo thun

24. Earrings /ˈɪəˌrɪŋz/: bông tai

9.

Sweater/ˈswetə/: áo len dài tay

25. Scarf /skɑ:f/: khăn choàng cổ

10. Jacket /'leðə 'ʤækit/: áo khoác

26. Dress up / dres ʌp /: ăn mặc bảnh

11. Swimsuit /ˈswɪmsuːt/: đồ bơi

bao, diện đồ

12. Socks /sɒk/: tất, vớ

27. Hang up / hæŋ ʌp /: treo, móc

13. Sandals /sændl/: dép xăng-đan

28. Put on / pʊt ɒn /: mang, mặc đội

14. Slippers /ˈslɪpər/: dép đi trong nhà,

29. Take off / teɪk ɒf /: cởi ra

dép lào. 15. Boots /bu:ts/: ủng, bốt 16. High heels/haɪ hiːlz/: giầy cao gót

Colors 1. White /waɪt/ (adj): trắng

10. Brown /braʊn/ (adj): nâu

2. Blue /bluː/ (adj): xanh da trời

11. Violet /ˈvaɪə.lət/ (adj): tím

3. Green /griːn/ (adj): xanh lá cây

12. Purple /`pə:pl/: màu tím

4. Yellow /ˈjel.əʊ/ (adj): vàng

13. Bright green /brait griːn/: màu xanh lá cây

5. Orange /ˈɒr.ɪndʒ/(adj): màu da cam 6. Pink /pɪŋk/ (adj): hồng 7. Gray /greɪ/ (adj): xám 8. Red /red/ (adj): đỏ 9. Black /blæk/(adj): đen

tươi 14. Light green /lait griːn /: màu xanh lá cây nhạt 15. Dark green /dɑ:k griːn/ : màu xanh lá cây đậm 79

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HOBBIES AND INTERESTS

1.

Watchingtelevision

Xem tivi

2.

Hanging out/ chatting with friends

Đi chơi/ tán gẫu với bạn bè

3.

Entertaining friends

Chiêu đãi bạn bè (khi bạn bè đến nhà bạn ăn tối, etc.)

4.

Listening to music

Nghe nhạc

5.

Playing sports

Chơi thể thao

• Play football/ volleyball/ baseball/ basketball/ tennis/ badminton/ golf/ hockey • Go swimming/ jogging/ cycling • Practice archery 6.

Shopping

Mua sắm

7.

Writing diaries

Viết nhật ký

8.

Going sightseeing

Đi ngắm cảnh

9.

Going climbing/ hiking

Đi leo núi/ đi bộ đường dài

10. Going camping

Đi cắm trại

11. Working out

Luyện tập thểdục

12. Reading novels/ magazines/ newspapers

Đọc tiểu thuyết/ tạp chí/ báo

13. Playing computer

Chơi games trên máy vi tính

14. Playing the guitar / drum/ piano/ flute:

Chơi ghi-ta/ trống/ dương cầm/ sáo

15. Gardening

Làm vườn

16. Cooking

Nấu ăn

17. Doing the needlework

May vá

18. Taking photos

Nhiếp ảnh/ chụp ảnh

19. Surfing the net

Lướt mạng/ net

20. Flying a kite

Thả diều

21. Going to the movies

Đi xem phim

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RELATIONSHIPS Quan hệ bạn bè – thù địch

Quan hệ tình cảm Boyfriend Girlfriend Husband Wife Lover Mistress

/ˈbɔɪˌfrɛnd/ /ˈgɜːlˌfrɛnd/ /ˈhʌzbənd/ /waɪf/ /ˈlʌvə/ /ˈmɪstrɪs/

bạn trai bạn gái chồng vợ người yêu tình nhân

/ˈsɪblɪŋ/

in-law uncle aunt nephew niece cousin

/ɪn-lɔː/ /ˈʌŋkl/ /ɑːnt/ /ˈnɛvju(ː)/ /niːs/ /ˈkʌzn/

relative ancestor reunion

/ˈrɛlətɪv/ /ˈænsɪstə/ /riːˈjuːnjən/

Companion

/kəmˈpænjən/

Classmate

/ˈklɑːsmeɪt/

a circle of friend on-off relationship good/close/ best friend soul mate

/ə/ /ˈsɜːkl/ /ɒv/ /frɛnd/ /ɒn-ɒf/ /rɪˈleɪʃənʃɪp/ /gʊd/, /kləʊs/, /bɛst/ /frɛnd/ /səʊl/ /meɪt/

conflict

/ˈkɒnflɪkt/

rival /ˈraɪvəl/ enemy /ˈɛnɪmi/ Quan hệ trong công việc

Quan hệ trong gia đình sibling

Acquaintance /əˈkweɪntəns/

anh/chị/em ruột dâu/rể chú/bác cô/dì cháu trai cháu gái anh/chị/em họ hàng họ hàng tổ tiên tụ họp

coworker / /ˌkəʊˈwɜːkə/ colleague /ˈkɒliːg/ business partner boss staff customer

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/ˈbɪznɪs/ /ˈpɑːtnə/ /bɒs/ /stɑːf/ /ˈkʌstəmə/

người quen bạn đồng hành bạn cùng lớp một nhóm bạn bạn bình thường bạn tốt/ bạn thân bạn tri kỷ mâu thuẫn đối thủ kẻ thù

đồng nghiệp đối tác sếp nhân viên khách hàng

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MONTHS Tháng 1 Tháng 2 Tháng 3 Tháng 4 Tháng 5 Tháng 6 Tháng 7 Tháng 8 Tháng 9 Tháng 10 Tháng 11 Tháng 12

/ˈʤænjʊəri / /ˈfɛbrʊəri / /mɑːʧ/ /ˈeɪprəl/ /meɪ/ /ʤuːn/ /ʤu(ː)ˈlaɪ/ /ˈɔːgəst/ /sɛpˈtɛmbə/ /ɒkˈtəʊbə/ /nəʊˈvɛmbə/ /dɪˈsɛmbə/

January February March April May June July August September October November December

First

7

ORDINAL NUMBERS Seventh 13th Thirteenth

2nd

Second

8th

Eighth

3rd

Third

9th

4th

Fourth

5th 6th

1

st

th

19th

Nineteenth

14th Fourteenth

20th

Twentieth

Ninth

15th fifteenth

21st

Twenty first

10th

Tenth

16th Sixteenth

22nd Twenty second

Fifth

11th

Eleventh 17th Seventeenth 23rd

Sixth

12th

Twelfth

18th eighteenth

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30th

Twenty third Thirtieth

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SPEAKING SECTION PART 2 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.

TOPICS Who is your best friend? Describe this person and say why he/she is your best friend. Which person are you most likely to go to with a personal problem? Describe this person and say why you would go to him/her in particular. Who do you feel close to in your family (or extended family)? Describe this person and say why you feel close to him/her. Talk about the person who help you the most. What are the characteristics of a good friend? Talk about a teacher who had a positive influence on you. Describe this person and explain why he/she was so influential to you. Who is the most intelligent person you know? Describe the person and say why you think he/she is intelligent. Name a person whom you truly admire. Describe the person and say why you admire him/her. Talk about a person in your life who has inspired you. Describe the person and explain why you found him/her inspirational. Name a famous or influential figure who has inspired you. Describe this person and say why he/she has been inspirational to you. What is your favorite place to visit on weekends? Describe it and explain why it is your favorite place to go. What is your favorite place in your hometown? What do you like doing most on the weekend? Describe your latest weekend. Think of a place that makes you feel relaxed and peaceful. Describe it and explain why it is relaxing and peaceful for you. Which place has fond memories for you? Describe this place and explain why it is memorable to you. Where would you like to go to spend a vacation? Describe this place and say why you would like to holiday there. Where would you most like to live? Describe this place and explain why you would like to live there. Talk about an interesting tourist attraction you have been to. Describe it and say why it was interesting. Where is a good place to have fun in your city or town? Describe this place and explain why it is fun. Name a place in your country you would recommend others to visit. Describe this place and explain why you would recommend it.

22. Where do you like most to go to eat out? Describe this place and say why you like it most. 83

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23. Describe your dream house/ Describe your idea of an ideal house. 24. Where is your favorite place to study? Describe this place and say why it is a good place for you to study. 25. What was your favorite subject at school? Describe it and explain why this subject was your favorite one. 26. Describe a meal that you have cooked? 27. What is your favorite kind of food? Describe it and explain why it is your favorite. 28. What is your most important possession? Describe it and say why it is so important. 29. What is your favorite sport? 30. What is your favorite type of music? 31. What is your favorite style of clothing? Describe it and explain why it is your favorite. 32. What is your favorite season of the year? Why? 33. What is the cartoon that you like best? Why? Give reasons and examples to support your answer. 34. What is your favorite book or movie? 35. What is your favorite recreational activity? Describe it and say why you enjoy doing it. 36. What do you usually do to stay healthy? 37. What is your favorite way of getting around? Describe it and explain why it is your favorite means of transportation. 38. Do you like travel alone or with your friends? 39. Talk about something you and your family enjoy doing together? 40. Talk about an experience in your life that made you feel embarrassed. Describe it and say why it was embarrassing. 41. Talk about an important national holiday in your home country. Describe it and explain why it is important.

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1. Who is your best friend? Describe this person and say why he/she is your best friend. 2. Which person are you most likely to go to with a personal problem? Describe this person and say why you would go to him/her in particular. 3. Who do you feel close to in your family? Describe this person and say why you feel close to him/her. 4. Talk about the person who help you the most. 5. Talk about a teacher who had a positive influence on you. Describe this person and explain why he/she was so influential to you. 6. Who is the most intelligent person you know? Describe the person and say why you think he/she is intelligent. 7. Name a person whom you truly admire. Describe the person and say why you admire him/her. 8. Talk about a person in your life who has inspired you. Describe the person and explain why you found him/her inspirational. 9. What are the characteristics of a good friend? (chỉ cần trả lời 3 lý do)

❖ You should say: ✓ ___________________________________________________ ✓ ___________________________________________________ ✓ ___________________________________________________ ✓ ___________________________________________________ ✓ ___________________________________________________ ❖ A good friend: • • • •

•

Make you happy and support you. Make you laugh a lot. That person is there for you when things get tough and comfort you when you cry. Encourage and inspire you. Push you to be the best person you can be and encourage you to reach your goals. Listen and share. Make time to listen to your feelings and experiences without distraction. Be honest and trustworthy. You can share all your personal secrets. That person does not say nasty things about you behind your back or share your private conversations with others. Appreciate the differences in others. That person will not judge you, put you down or hurt your feelings. 85

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❖ A good leader: • Appreciative – value their team since success is achieved with the help of others. Appreciation will provide the others encouragement and develop their confidence. • Confident and courageous – Good leaders shouldn’t be afraid of being challenged. By staying calm and confident, the team would not worry and they will put their trust in you. • Diligent/ Hard – working – A good leader must be a hard - working person so that he can inspire their team. • Fair – Fairness is what a good leader need to have. They reward for results not partiality. • Flexible – The good leader need flexibility. They welcome new ideas and change. They alter and adapt their style according to the situation. • Honest –Honesty will create productive relationships. • Responsible –A good leader does not make excuses; but try to find out the way to fix the problem as soon as possible. ❖ A good father/ mother • Good Modeling. Children learn through observation and often mimic the behavior of their parents. • A good listen. Show your child your attention during sharing time. • Be consistent and discipline. Children need rules. Parents must be strict to make the children understand what they did is wrong. • Loving and Kind. A parent need to show their unconditional love since loving and caring environment is very crucial/ important in a child’s growth.

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❖ Speaking sample: It is very important for everybody to have some good friends in life. And my best friend is Mai Phuong. Firstly, she is the same age as me. She has fair complexion and dimpled cheeks. She is a pretty girl. She is smart, easy-going, fun-loving, honest and trustworthy. Her best quality is that she’s so positive and always looks on the bright sight. Secondly, we have a lot in common. We see eye to eye on most things so we rarely fall out with each other. Finally, she picks me up when I am down. She shares my happiness when I succeed and cheers me on when I am upset or disappointed. For those reasons, Mai Phuong is always my best friend and I love her so much. I hope that our friendship will last forever. Thank you very much for your listening. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

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10. Name a famous or influential figure who has inspired you. And say why he/she has been inspirational to you. ❖ You should say: ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ Vocabulary: - celebrity /si'lebriti/ (n): người nổi tiếng. - famous/ renowned/ well-known (adj): nổi tiếng. • Talent: a legendary footballer, a great mathematician, talented actor/ actress/ singer/ artist/ athlete. • Characteristics. • Have inspiring story. • Philanthropic: contributing large amounts to charitable organizations. • Do not have messy lives with scandals. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

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Age and height (tuổi và chiều cao) /jʌŋ/ / mɪdl ˈeɪdʒd/ /əʊld/

Young Middle-aged Old In her early/ late twenties

Short /ʃɔːt/ Medium-height /ˈmiːdiəm haɪt/ Tall /tɔːl/ 170 cm tall (in height) Build and complexion (hình dáng và nước da) Well-built

/wel bɪlt/

Plump

/plʌmp/

Fat Slim Dark-skinned Fair Rosy Tanned Face (Khuôn mặt) Oval Round Square Long Nose (mũi) Sharp Flat Pointed Bulbous Snub Hair (Tóc)

/fæt/ /slɪm/ /dɑːk skɪnd/ /feə/ /ˈrəʊzi/ /tænd/

/ˈəʊvəl/ /raʊnd/ /skweər/ /lɒŋ/

trẻ tuổi trung niên Già Trong độ tuổi đầu/ cuối 20 Lùn chiều cao trung bình Cao

to lớn, khỏe mạnh tròn trịa, phúng phính Béo gầy da tối màu Trắng Hồn hào Rám nắng

hình oval, trái xoan hình tròn hình chữ điền dài /ʃɑːp/ /flæt/ /ˈpɔɪntɪd/ /ˈbʌlbəs/ /snʌb/

Short black Long black Grey hair Wavy brown hair

/ʃɔːt blæk/ /lɒŋ blæk/ /ɡreɪ heər/ /ˈweɪvi braʊn heər/

Curly hair

/ˈkɜːli heər/

Ponytail

/ˈpəʊniteɪl/

Cao Tẹt/ thấp Nhọn Củ hành (hình dạng) Hếch tóc đen, ngắn tóc đen, dài tóc muối tiêu tóc nâu lượn sóng tóc xoăn sóng nhỏ, xoăn tít tóc đuôi ngựa 89

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Fair hair Short spiky hair Bald

/heər feər/

nhạt màu

/ʃɔːt ˈspaɪkiheər/

tóc ngắn đầu đinh

/bəʊld/

hói

Personality Hot-tempered Cheerful Smart Confident honest Patient Impatient

/hɒt ˈtempəd/ /ˈtʃɪəfl/ /smɑːt/ /ˈkɒnfɪdənt/ /dɪsˈɒnɪst/ /ˈpeɪʃnt/ /ɪmˈpeɪʃnt/

Jealous

/ˈdʒeləs/

Lazy Mean Modest Moody Polite Quiet Rude Selfish >< Unselfish Sensible Sensitive Active Practical Careful Sociable Punctual Reliable Organized Experienced

/ˈleɪzi/ /miːn/ /ˈmɒdɪst/ /ˈmuːdi/ / pəˈlaɪt/ /ˈkwaɪət/ /ruːd/ /ˈselfɪʃ/ /ˈsensəbl/ /ˈsensətɪv/ /ˈæktɪv/ /ˈpræktɪkl/ /ˈkeəfl/ /ˈsəʊʃəbl/ /ˈpʌŋktjʊəl/ /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ /ˈɔːgənaɪzd/ /ɪksˈpɪərɪənst/

Dedicated Ambitious

/ˈdɛdɪkeɪtɪd/ /æmˈbɪʃəs/

90

nóng tính vui tươi thông minh tự tin Chân thành kiên nhẫn thiếu kiên nhẫn, nóng vội hay ghen tuông lười biếng hèn hạ, bủn xỉn khiêm tốn có tâm trạng lịch sự trầm lặng thô lỗ, vô duyên ích kỷ >< không ích kỉ tinh tế, biết điều nhạy cảm năng động, hoạt bát thực tế, thực dụng cẩn thận hòa nhã, hòa đồng Đúng giờ Đáng tin cậy Ngăn nắp Có kinh nghiệm, từng trải Tận tâm, tận tụy Có tham vọng

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11. What is your favorite place to visit on weekends? Describe it and explain why it is your favorite place to go. 12. What is your favorite place in your hometown? 13. What do you like doing most on the weekend? 14. Describe your latest weekend. 15. Think of a place that makes you feel relaxed and peaceful. Describe it and explain why it is relaxing and peaceful for you. 16. Which place has fond memories for you? Describe this place and explain why it is memorable to you. 17. Where would you like to go to spend a vacation? Describe this place and say why you would like to holiday there. 18. Where would you most like to live? Describe this place and explain why you would like to live there. 19. Talk about an interesting tourist attraction you have been to. Describe it and say why it was interesting. 20. Where is a good place to have fun in your city or town? Describe this place and explain why it is fun. 21. Name a place in your country you would recommend others to visit. Describe this place and explain why you would recommend it. ❖ You should say: ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

❖ Speaking sample: Everyone has a special place, a place where you can be you, where you can find peace and harmony. My favorite place is my countryside house which is located in Dong Nai province. I love it for many reasons. Firstly, I have many good, pleasant memories and feelings about it. That is the place where I have grown up, met my friends when I was a child. Secondly, It’s so beautiful. It’s a small house with a yard. In summer, there are a lot of flowers which make the outlook beautiful. In the backyard there are place, where I love to spend time, lying in hammock and dreaming under the tree. Finally, I can enjoy a lot of delicious dishes prepared by my grandma whenever I visit my countryside house. Those are the reasons why I love this place so much. 91

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______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

22. Where do you like most to go to eat out? Describe this place and say why you like it most. ❖ You should say:

• • • • • • • • • • •

•

_____________________________________________________

•

_____________________________________________________

•

_____________________________________________________

•

_____________________________________________________

Delicious dishes. (tasty) A variety of foods/ various types of foods. Reasonable price. Easy to go there from home. (near) Quiet and nice environment. (trees/ flowers/ birds) Attractive decoration and view. Playground for kids. Service and behavior of the staffs. (fast, polite, friendly, hospitable) Special treats for the regular customer. (membership card) Past memory related to the restaurant. Discounts, etc.

______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ 92

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______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

• • • • • • • • • • • •

USEFUL EXPRESSION: You can see... It's possible to... The views are ... The atmosphere is ... It's located in ... It's far away from ... It's close to... The good thing about this place is... You shouldn't miss ... It’s well known for... A popular tourist attraction is ... It's popular with tourists because...

• • • • • • • •

LOCATION By the sea/ river: cạnh biển/ sông. On the coast: trên bờ biển. In the countryside: ở vùng nông thôn. In the North/South/West /East of …: ở phía Bắc/ Nam/ Tây/ Đông của … In a valley: ở thung lũng. On a plain: ở vùng đồng bằng. In the mountains: trong vùng núi. Near a forest: gần rừng.

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ATMOSTPHERE/ADJECTIVES • Peaceful/quiet • Ancient • Charming/picturesque • • • • • • • • • • • •

Cosmopolitan Boring Bustling Compact Noisy Unspoiled Stunning Lively Fascinating Huge Polluted Touristic/touristy

/ˈpiːsfʊl /, /ˈkwaɪət/ /ˈeɪnʃ(ə)nt/ /ˈʧɑːmɪŋ/, /ˌpɪkʧəˈrɛsk/ /ˌkɒzməʊˈpɒlɪtən/ /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ /ˈbʌslɪŋ/ /ˈkɒmpækt/ /ˈnɔɪzi/ /ʌnˈspɔɪlt/ /ˈstʌnɪŋ/ /ˈlaɪvli/ /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪŋ/ /hjuːʤ/ /pəˈluːtɪd/ , /'tʊəristi/

• • • •

Exciting Popular Crowded Contemporary

/ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ /ˈpɒpjʊlə/ /ˈkraʊdɪd/ /kənˈtɛmpərəri/

• Expensive • Hospitable • Historic

• • • • • • • •

/ɪksˈpɛnsɪv/ /ˈhɒspɪtəbl/ /hɪsˈtɒrɪk/

BUILDINGS Shopping center Library Swimming pool Theatre/cinemas Sports center Museum Hospital Bank

• • • • • • • •

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Hòa bình / yên lặng, êm ả Cổ, xưa Làm mê họăc, quyến rũ/ sinh động, đẹp như tranh Toàn thế giới, có khắp thế giới Chán Hối hả, vội vàng Chắc, chặt Ồn ào Không bị hư hỏng, ôi thiu Lộng lẫy, làm sững sờ

Làm náo động, đầy hứng thú Phổ biến Đông đúc, đầy ắp Cùng thời, đương thời, hiện đại Đắt tiền Mến khách Có tính chất lịch sử, nổi tiếng trong lịch sử

Quyến rũ, hấp dẫn, mê hồn

/ Đầy khách du lịch

Police station Church Department store Supermarket Hotel Art gallery University Skyscraper (cao ốc)

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• • • • • • • • • • • •

ACTIVITIES Lots of nightlife Spectacular views Good shops/transport Go sightseeing/shopping/hiking Visit museums/art galleries Go to concerts/the theatre/exhibitions Take lots of photos Meet people Relax on the wonderful beaches Wander round the town/shops Go for a boat ride on the lake/river Get on the tourist bus

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23. Describe your dream house. 24. Describe your idea of an ideal house. ❖ You should say: ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ Speaking sample: House is a place where we can shelter and it gives us a protection from rain, heat, storm, etc. Everyone has their own choice on what type of house they feel comfortable to live in, so do I. Firstly, my dream house would be a one-story cottage which is located next to a lake. Secondly, it would be a fully-furnished house with four bedrooms, two bathrooms and big windows that would let in a lot of natural light. The front of the house would be made of stone and it would have a nice pointed wooden roof with a chimney on the top. Finally, there would be ivy growing up the front of the house and I’d have colorful shutters and flower boxes full of flowers. There would be a front porch to sit, relax and drink lemonade on hot summer days. And that is what my house would look like. Thank you very much for your listening. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 96

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2-storey house one-story / two-story house Detached house Apartment block A bungalow Rented accommodation Spacious room A fully-furnished house

/2-ˈstɔːri haʊs/ /dɪˈtæʧt haʊs/ /əˈpɑːtmənt blɒk/ /ə ˈbʌŋgələʊ/ /ˈrɛntɪd əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ /ˈspeɪʃəs ruːm/ /ə ˈfʊli-ˈfɜːnɪʃt haʊs/

Nhà 2 tầng Nhà tách biệt, riêng lẻ Dãy nhà Nhà gỗ (nhỏ) một tầng Chỗ ở thuê Căn phòng rộng rãi Một căn nhà đầy đủ tiện nghi

A fully-fitted kitchen A light and airy bedroom front yard porch patio backyard back garden columns fence balcony flower boxes fountain shutters driveway

/ə ˈfʊli-ˈfɪtɪd ˈkɪʧɪn/ /ə laɪt ænd ˈeəri ˈbɛdru(ː)m/ /frʌnt jɑːd/ /pɔːʧ/ /ˈpætɪəʊ/ /ˌbækˈjɑːd/ /bæk ˈgɑːdn/ /ˈkɒləmz/ /fɛns/ /ˈbælkəni/ /ˈflaʊə ˈbɒksɪz/ /ˈfaʊntɪn/ /ˈʃʌtəz/ /ˈdraɪvweɪ/

Phòng ngủ sáng láng và thoáng khí Sân trước Mái hiên, hành lang Sân, hiên Sân sau, khu nhà sau Vườn sau nhà Cột, trụ Hàng rào Ban công Chậu hoa Vòi nước Cửa gió, cửa che Đường lái xe vào nhà

stone / brick / wood roof chimney

/stəʊn/, /brɪk/, /wʊd/ /ruːf/ /ˈʧɪmni/

Đá/ gạch/ gỗ Mái nhà, nóc nhà Ống khói, lò sưởi

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25. Where is your favorite place to study? Describe this place and say why it is a good place for you to study. You should say: ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ • Coffee shop/ Library/ at home… • Get plenty of daylight, and air. • It is surrounded by books. That makes me want to be more studious and meet all my needs. • In addition, my study room is fully furnished and air-conditioned → feel comfortable in all seasons. • All these things make my study room an ideal place for my studies and this is my most favorite place for studies.

_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

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26. What was your favorite subject at school? And explain why this subject was your favorite one.

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It’s my passion. It stimulates me. It broadens/ enriches my knowledge. I learn about the world around me. I love people (teacher, communicate with others). It has a promising prospect in the future. (used in many fields => good jobs, high salary) ❖ Speaking sample: Among different school subjects, I’m really into English because of three following reasons. Firstly, English has a promising prospect in the future. English is now used in almost every field of work such as education, science, technology, business, even sports. Therefore, I can find a good job in the future with good English. Moreover, learning English broadens my knowledge. It can help me read books or magazines in English. Through reading, I can learn a lot of cultures and customs around the world. Finally, my English teacher is a dedicated person who can attract me to her lessons and gives me passion. In summary, English is an important subject that I really like. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 99

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Algebra Art Biology Chemistry Computer science English Geography History Literature Math Music Physical education Physics Psychology Science

/ˈælʤɪbrə/ /ɑːt/ /baɪˈɒləʤi/ /ˈkɛmɪstri/ /kəmˈpjuːtə ˈsaɪəns/ /ˈɪŋglɪʃ/ /ʤɪˈɒgrəfi/ /ˈhɪstəri/ /ˈlɪtərɪʧə/ /mæθ/ /ˈmjuːzɪk/ /ˈfɪzɪkəl ˌɛdju(ː)ˈkeɪʃən/ /ˈfɪzɪks/ /saɪˈkɒləʤi/ /ˈsaɪəns/

Boring Useful Difficult Easy Exciting Practical/useful Complicated Interesting

/ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ /ˈjuːsfʊl/ /ˈdɪfɪkəlt/ /ˈiːzi/ /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ /ˈpræktɪkəl/ˈjuːsfʊl/ /ˈkɒmplɪkeɪtɪd/ /ˈɪntrɪstɪŋ/

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Đại số học Mỹ thuật, nghệ thuật Sinh vật học Hóa học Khoa học máy tính Tiếng Anh Địa lý Lịch sử Văn học Toán học Mỹ thuật Giáo dục thể chất Vật lý Tâm lý học Khoa học tự nhiên Chán, nhạt nhẽo Hữu ích, có ích Khó Dễ dàng Thú vị Thiết thực/ có ích Phức tạp, rắc rối Thú vị

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27. Describe a meal that you have cooked? 28. What is your favorite kind of food? Describe it and explain why it is your favorite. You should say: ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ • Its taste/ ingredients. (I like noodles because they are soft and they have a delicious soup on it) • Contain all/plenty of vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins needed for good health. • Keep our weight under control. • Easy to prepare. • Connect me so strongly to my memories of family/ friends. ❖ Speaking sample: My favorite foods are flavorsome and appetizing range of salads. Firstly, I like salads not only because of their mouth-watering taste but also because they are filled with vivid colors for example red of chilly, green of cucumber, yellow of pineapple and so on. Colors make the food look more attractive. Secondly, salads are high in nutrition values. It contains plenty of vitamins and carbohydrates needed for good health. Eating salads also keep my weight under control. Thirdly, salads are easy to prepare. You can make them out of anything. Only with two or three types of fruits or vegetables and some dressings, you can make your own salads. Those are the reasons why I love salads. When it’s time for a treat, my choice is salads. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 101

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_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

29. What is your most important possession? Describe it and say why it is so important. You should say: ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

• • • • • • • • • • •

_____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

❖ Reasons: I bought it online / in a shop. It helps you enhance your knowledge. You can learn a lot of things using it. Working purpose. It helps me professionally in my job. It helps you to do exercise and thus helps you keep your body and mind fit. Communication purpose. I can communicate with other such as friends, family and colleagues all over the world. This was a special gift from a family member or from a friend. It has some memory related to someone and thus it is important to you. This is a valuable possession and you do not want to lose it. You would give to someone who you really care and s/he needs that more than you do. You use it daily and you will have a difficult time if you lose it. You would not give to someone random because it is very useful to you.

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❖ Speaking sample: I'm going to describe my mobile phone which is my most important possession. This was a special gift from my father on my 18th birthday. It is white, thin, facial and fingerprint recognition, high-quality camera and speaker. My cellphone is important to me because of 2 reasons. Firstly, it is used to communicate. I use the phone to keep in touch with friends and family by voice, text and email. Secondly, It has various features like video, MP3 player, wireless Internet, digital camera and games. It's easy to share photos and music. I can use it for almost everything such as for learning new things and for entertainment. It even has a calendar that reminds me about appointments. My phone is an essential part of my life. I use it daily and I couldn’t live without it. It’s like having my whole life in my pocket.

_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

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30. What is your favorite sport? You should say: ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ ✓ _____________________________________________________ • • • •

Keep body fit and healthy. Relieve of stress. It's a good way to socialize and make friends. Develop a number of important and non-academic skills such as discipline, team-work, problem-solving and co-operation. ❖ Speaking sample: My favorite sport is badminton. There are some reasons why I like it. Firstly, I can improve my health through playing it. I play it about three times every week. It makes me feel energetic every day. Secondly, I can make many friends when I play badminton. I often play it with various types of people. We also talk about many interesting things when we have a break. Thirdly, playing badminton enables me to develop a number of important and nonacademic skills such as discipline, team-work, problem-solving and co-operation.’ To sum up, playing badminton benefits a person not only physically but also mentally as well. Those are the reasons why I love badminton. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 104

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31. What is your favorite type of music? You should say: ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ • • • • • • • • •

Classical, country music, pop music, love music. At home, travelling, leisure time. Feel blue/ stressed/ sense of accomplishment. Mood savor, mood recover. A good way of relaxing. Refresh my mind. Lessen depression. Touch my heart. Revitalize, recharge, cheer me up and increase my energy to do my work. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

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32. What is your favorite style of clothing? And explain why it is your favorite. You should say: ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

Simple and comfortable. It gives me comfort. Movement becomes easier. They are available in various colors and designs. Have various pockets. The fabrics are of high standard and easy to clean. Fit me well and i look stunning. Create a stylish and fashionable look for the wearer. Easy to mix and match. I love how easily it can go with the other items in my wardrobe so i don’t have to spend too much time in front of the mirror before going out. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

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Iw 33. What is your favorite season of the year? Why? • This is the most comfortable season in our country. - Charming weather. - The temperature is cool. - The climate is pleasant, energetic, soothing and dry. - After a long extreme weather, this season brings a comfortable temperature which I really enjoy. • Nature appears like a queen in this season and nature shows all of her beauty during the time of this season. - Plants and trees start to shut down and prepare for winter. Trees change color. As autumn begins the leaves on trees transform from green to rich oranges. - Trees shed of their leaves in autumn, a very gloomy season. - Plants and trees come to life again. Everywhere there are blooming flowers. - There are a lot of seasonal fruits and vegetables which can be healthy and tasty. • People get vacations and enjoy this season. (We students have a long summer break from school I get vacation and enjoy my stay at my village during this season.) • Different activities/ events/ holidays are performed in my country during this season. • I also look forward to the New year celebrations with my family and friends. • I like to wear woolen clothes, which I can wear during this season only. • Nights are very long in the winter and I love to sleep till late in the morning especially at weekends. ❖ Speaking sample: Among four seasons of the year, the one I like the most is Spring, which starts in January and ends in March, because of several reasons. Firstly, the weather in Spring is nice. It is sunny, warm and fresh. Secondly, Spring is the time that plants and trees come to life again. There are many flowers. The sky is blue and the grass is green. The sounds of Spring are wonderful when birds start singing more to look for a mate. Thirdly, Spring is also the time for Tet holiday in Vietnam. It’s the time for family reunion. Those are the reasons why I think Spring is the most beautiful season of the year.

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34. What is the cartoon that you like best? Why? Give reasons and examples to support your answer. 35. What is your favorite book or movie? 36. What is your favorite recreational activity? Describe it and say why you enjoy doing it. You should say: ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

• • • • • • • • • •

__________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________

❖ Movie It is one of the best movies based on some reliable ratings. It was recommended by a friend/ family member/ teacher. The movie was based on a real story. The story depicts a historic events/ national events/ real life issue. The story reveals a fact that touched you. The story line is touchy and has a good morality. I enjoyed the acting and story of the movie. The outstanding performance by an actor/ actress. The movie has lots of special effect/ actions that you enjoyed. Teaches us the real meaning of family/ This gives the message that… 108

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• • • • •

❖ Book The book was written by a writer/ an author who has a great way of telling a story. The story is a page turner and you had a hard time keeping it away. The characters of this book gave you a great impression. Connect me so strongly to my memories of family. This was a special gift from a family member or from a friend. You have learned an important lesson from this book.

• • • •

❖ Compare books with movies: Book You can imagine things the way you want to. Books stimulate the mind better because they force you to use your imagination Books are more detailed. Books are totally portable. Characters in books cannot be ruined by bad acting. Reading a story makes it stay in your mind longer.

• • • •

Movie: Do not take much time. Easier to visualize and understand. Can enjoy with fiends. Cheaper than books. More interesting because it contains a lot of special effects (light, sound, music, color).

•

❖ Speaking sample: Among the cartoons that I have ever watched, I love Tom and Jerry the most for three reasons. Firstly, there are numerous funny scenes in the cartoon. I laugh a lot when the witty Jerry plays interesting tricks on the clumsy Tom. It is a good way of relaxing. Secondly, the cartoon gives me some life lessons. One lesson that I can learn is we must ask for help if we are not strong enough, like Jerry when he asks the dog to help him in his fight against Tom. Lastly, the cartoon gives me the message that enemies can become friend. I really love it when Tom and jerry are dear friends in some episodes. For these reasons, Tom and Jerry is always my favorite cartoon. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 109

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37. What do you usually do to stay healthy? -

Healthy activities / habits Do exercise Taking regular exercise

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Playing sport(s) (going) swimming / cycling / jogging Going to the gym Walking to work Doing yoga

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Eat a healthy diet Eating fresh fruit and vegetables / organic food Eating regular meals Having a balanced diet Drinking lots of water

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Good habit Positive feelings Unhealthy habits Smoking Drinking alcohol excessively Taking drugs Eating too much salt / fat / sugar Eating too much greasy food / fried food / junk food / fast food Eating too many ready meals / pre-prepared meals 110

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38. What is your favorite way of getting around? Describe it and explain why it is your favorite means of transportation. You 1. should say: ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ 1. It is economical to ride on a bicycle as the price of fuels and gas is on the rise. 2. Beneficial to your health. Lose the unwanted weights from your body. It helps to burn the fat, strengthen your muscles. 3. Safety is another issue which is rarely found in the other transportation mode. 4. Time-saving. Free to go wherever I want and any time of the day. It goes faster than many other means of transport. Never be bothered by the rush hour/ peak hour. Avoid traffic jam/ traffic congestion. 5. Never feel ill. 6. Enjoy the natural life. I can take a breath of fresh air freely, riding in the sunshine under the blue sky and white cloud. 7. Can listen to music or to the radio while driving. 8. Exposing yourself to the unpredictable weather. 9. Protect environment from pollution and global warming. 111

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❖ Speaking sample: There are many means of transport such as car, bus, motorcycle, bicycle, train, airplane. However, my favorite way of getting around is my motorbike because of some reasons. Firstly, it is time-saving when I can use my motorbike for going to school, shopping and numerous daily activities. Unlike travelling by bus, with my motorbike I can go wherever I want at any time of the day. Secondly, motorbike is compact and less expensive because it consumes less gasoline. Therefore, it emits less exhaust gas and heat as compared to three and four wheelers. This helps in conservation of resources and protects environment from pollution and global warming. Finally, I will never feel ill. I’m kind of a car-sick person, so I’m so scared of seating in a car. Those are the reasons why I love motorcycle. Thank you for listening.

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39. Do you like to travel alone or with your friends? ❖ • • •

Travel alone: I like to plan the trip by myself. Freedom to change plans whenever you like. I get to see and do exactly what I want and spend as much time as I want at various stops. • You get to live the adventure you want to live. 112

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• You’re more likely to get approached and asked to join things with other/ local people. • Being more social and more open to meeting new people/ staying with others. When you have someone else with you, you tend to hang out with them instead of branching out and making new connections. • Learning to be alone. • You really get to know yourself, your capabilities and your limitations. • Have more space to think. ❖ Travel with friends • Sharing adventures together. • Strengthen friendship. • It can be cheaper when sharing accommodation, foods, etc. • Safer. ❖ Speaking sample: In my opinion traveling is the best thing to do in life. If I had a chance to go somewhere I would choose travel with a group of friends because of several reasons. Firstly, it is much more fun and enjoyable. We can share all beautiful moments and new experiences. We can discover new things, meet different people, enjoy different foods and explore different places together. Secondly, traveling with other people would be safe. They can support and help each other if something happened and one of them is hurt. Finally, it helps to save some money because companions can share all expenses on gas, hotels, etc. Those are the reasons why I love traveling with my friends. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 113

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40. Talk about something you and your family enjoy doing together?

❖ Speaking sample: The activity my family enjoy doing together is going for a picnic and there are a couple of reasons to name. First of all, it is the time when my family and I can work together to prepare food. I really enjoy that time and it inspires my interest in cooking as well. In addition, while having/ eating/ sharing the delicious home-made snacks, we chat together freely in an easy atmosphere. We can share with each other everything about job, studying, daily activities and so on. Finally, it helps strengthen the relationship among each member in my family. To each of us, east or west home is the best. So, that’s why I consider that those picnics to be unforgettable. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

41. Talk about an experience in your life that made you feel embarrassed. Describe it and say why it was embarrassing.

You should say: ✓ __________________________________________________________ 114

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✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ Negative experience that can also change the life: a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j) k)

Attending in a party of total strangers. Reaching to someone’s house by mistake. Falling in a pond/ river. Finding a friend in a date. Falling down from the chair. Sending a personal email/ SMS/ letter to a wrong address/ number. Lose an important thing. An accident. An economic disaster. Natural Calamities that affects the life. Death of a relative and family member.

Positive life changing experience: a) You realized something valuable and a morality and thus you started practising it for good. For example, you saw an accident and found out how fragile our life is. Then you started leading your life in a positive way. b) You were selected for a course and later on, this training and education helped you shape your career. c) You once helped someone and he/she showed his/her gratitude by helping you back. You started helping others. d) You understood that your family is more important and that changed your daily routine. e) Diseases of someone you saw /heard have helped you leave a bad habit of yours. Some reasons: • • • •

Everybody started laughing. I've got punished. Your parents blame you for not being careful. This was a special gift from a family member or from a friend and you don’t want to lose it. ❖ Speaking sample: I can remember my most embarrassing moment as if it happened yesterday. I've tried, over the years, to forget this moment, but it just never seems to go away. To begin with, when I was 12 years old, my family and I moved to a new neighborhood. I started my 6th grade year in a new school, with new people and no friends. 115

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Next, for the first day of school, I asked my mom to do my hair that morning so it would look nice. She did my hair in my regular hairstyle, 2 ponytails with red ribbons. Then, I arrived to school and entered my new classroom. Everyone stopped their conversation to turn and look at me and they started laughing. I looked around the classroom and noticed that all the girls had their hair in one ponytail. My hair was styled like the 3rd or 4th graders at that school. I was so embarrassed that I wanted to cry! From that point on, I never let my mom do my hair anymore. I would always wear one ponytail to school. And it was the most embarrassing experience when I was young. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

42. Talk about an important national holiday in your home country. Describe it and explain why it is important. You should say: __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ✓ __________________________________________________________ ❖ Speaking sample: I would like to talk about the Lunar New Year festival, also known as the Tet holiday, which is the occasion expected the most by Vietnamese people every year. First of all, the festival takes place in the end of January or the beginning of February.

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The next thing is that there are some common things that people do during this festival. People would go back to their hometown to celebrate the new year with their families and relatives. They will clean and decorate their house. We also have some other activities such as making sticky cake, visiting temples and pagodas, giving lucky money… and so on. Finally, Tet is the occasion when we can get more days off from work and study, and therefore we have more time to spend with our families and our loved ones. It is also a great time to think about what we have done in the previous year, and make plans for the upcoming year. Those are the reasons why the new year festival is so important to me and also to all Vietnamese citizens. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

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PRONUNCIATION

VOWELS HÌNH DẠNG VỊ TRÍ TRÊN MIỆNG LƯỠI Hẹp

đầu lưỡi

Hơi mở

giữa lưỡi

Mở rộng

cuối lưỡi

ɪ pig e ten æ cat

i: me ə ago ʌ cup

ʊ look ɜ: serve ɑ: market

DIPHTHONGS NGUYÊN ÂM ĐÔI

TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TIẾNG VIỆT

/eɪ/

đọc giống âm “ay”

pay

/aɪ/

đọc giống âm “ai”

Eye

/ɔɪ/

đọc giống âm “oi”

Noise

/ɪə/

đọc giống âm “ia”

Ear

/aʊ/

đọc giống âm “au”

House

/əʊ/

đọc giống âm “âu”

Go

/ʊə/

đọc giống âm “ua”

Poor

/eə/

đọc giống âm “e (ơ)”

Hair

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VÍ DỤ

u: shoe ɔ: saw ɒ got

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CONSONANTS

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STRESS • Stressed words are louder, longer and higher. (Từ được nhấn sẽ được đọc to hơn, dài hơn và cao hơn) • Unstressed words are weaker, shorter and lower. (Từ không được nhấn sẽ được đọc nhẹ hơn, lướt nhanh và thấp hơn) 1. Stress trong từ Perfect /’pɜːrfɪkt/

Pertinent /’pɜːrtɪnənt/

Obviously /’ɒbviəslɪ/

Considerable /kən’sɪdərəbl/

Effort /’efərt/

Develop /dɪ’veləp/

Invalidate /ɪn’vælɪdeɪt/

Representative/,reprɪ’zentətɪv/

Record (v) /rɪ’kɔːd/ (n) /’rekərd/ Without /wɪ’ðaʊt/

Guarantee /,gærən’tiː/

Confidential /,kɒnfɪ’denʃl/

Productivity/,prɒdʌk’tɪvətɪ/ Recommendation /,rekəmen’deɪʃn/

Application /,æplɪ’keɪʃn/

2. Stress trong câu Stressed words (từ được nhấn) Từ được nhấn trong câu thường là những từ mang thông tin của câu. Danh từ: house, girl, student Động từ chính: go, study, run Tính từ: handsome, beautiful, hot Trạng từ: usually, totally, remarkably Từ phủ định: not, neither, no, none Từ để hỏi: What, where, why Thán từ: wow, ouch, oops

Practice sentence: ▪ I HAVE to GO to SCHOOL. ▪ I WANT my BROther to WIN. ▪ It’s NOT the BEST iDEA. ▪ She WANTS to PLAY a GAME. 120

Unstressed words (từ không được nhấn) Từ không được nhấn là những từ chức năng: Mạo từ: a, an, the Liên từ: and, but Giới từ: of, to, on Đại từ: he, she, it

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▪ I’dLIKE you to JOIN us for DINner. ▪ We’ll CHOOSE the WINner on SATurday or SUNday. ▪ MAny of the STUdents on vaCAtion toMOrrow.

LINKING Practice 1.

a.CanIcomein? b. Yes, come on in. The door is open.

2.

a. Should I leave it on? b. No, turn it off.

3.

a. What time is it? b. It’s already five o’clock.

4.

a. Let’s take a walk. b. That’s a good idea.

5.

a. How far is it? b. Four and a half hours away.

6.

a. This is a good film. b. Too bad it’s sold out.

7.

a. I have an awful headache. b. Take an aspirin.

8.

a. This is my brother in law. b. We’ve already met.

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INTONATION 1. FallingIntonation Statements (Câu khẳng định) 1. My name is John. 2. It’s nice to meet you. 3. Have a nice day.

Questions (câu hỏi Wh-)

1. What’s his name? 2. Why did you leave? 3. Where are you going?

2. Rising Intonation Yes- No question 1. Did he work yesterday? 2. Does he know about it? 3. Can you call me at 5:00? 4. Is it good? 5. Is that it? 122

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6. Excuse me? 7. Really?

3. Non-final Intonation Unfinished thoughts 1. I bought the book. I bought the book, but I didn’t read it. 2. I finished school.

When I finished school, I moved to New York.

Series of words 1. I like football, basketball, tennis, and golf. 2. I left work, came home, and had dinner. 3. I need milk, apples, eggs and sugar.

Expressing Choices 1. Do you want to eat in or eat out? 2. Is your birthday in March or in April?

4. Do you speak Cantonese or Mandarin?

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WRITING SECTION PART 1: SUMMARY PARAGRAPHS I.

Paraphrasing skill 1. Sử dụng từ đồng nghĩa: The adolescents showed great enthusiasm for the festival. →The teenagers showed great excitement for the festival. 2. Thay đổi dạng từ/ từ loại: The adolescents showed great enthusiasm for the festival. →The adolescents were greatly enthusiastic about the festival. 3. Thay đổi trật tự từ trong câu: It is important to know how to paraphrase a paragraph. →Knowing how to paraphrase a paragraph is important. 4. Nối/ tách câu: Writing a summary paragraph requires good paraphrasing techniques. These techniques help avoid plagiarism or copying from the original passage. → Writing a summary paragraph requires good paraphrasing techniques because they help avoid plagiarismor copying from the original passage. 5. Chuyển từ bị động sang chủ động và ngược lại: Poverty causes overpopulation. → Overpopulation is caused by poverty.

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EXERCISE Paraphrase the following sentences by applying the paraphrasing techniques indicated in the parentheses. 1. An increasing number of social network users find the meaning of their lives in cyberspace. (use synonyms) → ............................................................................................................................ 2. Some students seem to pay more attention to entertainment than to studying. (use synonyms) → ............................................................................................................................ 3. Angela has a beautiful voice. (change parts of speech) → ............................................................................................................................ 4. To be admitted to the course, students have to learn English intensively. (change parts of speech) → ............................................................................................................................ 5. If you want to pass the test, you have no other choice but to work hard. (move clauses) → ............................................................................................................................ 6. It is essential that you have a good knowledge of grammar to write well in English. (move phrases) → ............................................................................................................................ 7. Hurry up. If you don't, you'll be late for class. (combine sentences) → ............................................................................................................................ 8. We should prevent unpleasant things from happening because it is better than trying to put it right afterwards. (turn into a simple sentence) → ............................................................................................................................ 9. The skills and exercises in this book thoroughly prepare you for the test (change to the passive voice) → ............................................................................................................................ 10.Test takers need to read the instructions carefully. (change to the passive voice) → ............................................................................................................................ 125

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CONJUNCTIONS (Liên từ) Reason (Chỉ lý do)

Concession (Chỉ sự nhượng bộ)

Condition (Chỉ điều kiện)

Purpose (Chỉ mục đích)

Contrast (Chỉ sự tương phản) Unreal comparison (Chỉ điều trái thực tế) Result (Chỉ kết quả)

Because/ as + Clause Because of + N/ V-ing Since + V-ing/ Clause (Bởi vì) Although Though + Clause Even though In spite of/ despite + V-ing (Mặc dù)

_I was late yesterday because I missed the bus. _I am here because of him. _Although he’s very rich, he’s not happy. _Despite the bad weather, they still had picnic. _As long as I live, I love you. _Unless you get up early, you will be late.

If (Nếu) Unless (Trừ phi) As long as (Miễn là) In order to, so as to + V1 So that, in order that + Clause Để … Whereas, while (Trong khi) But, yet (Nhưng) However, nevertheless (Tuy nhiên)

As if, as though (Như thể) So, therefore, as a result (Vì vậy, do đó)

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_I go to the super market in order to buy food for dinner. _I tried to come early so that I could meet you. _I really want to hang out with you, but I have a lot of things to do tonight. _While I go to school by bike, he goes by car. _She sings as if she was a singer. _He says as though he knew everything. _It rained heavily, so she came late. _It’s a beautiful day; therefore, we decide to have a picnic.

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II.

Summarizingskill TEAM SPORTS AT SCHOOL (P.136)

Playing team sports at school is an extremely valuable experience for teenagers. Team sports are helpful because they keep teenagers healthy, encourage better performance in school, and give students a way to release their stress. Firstly, team sports are an excellent way for teenagers to stay healthy. During an average soccer game, a player may run zzas much as 10 km, and during a basketball game, players often run 5 km or more. In addition to the exercise that high school athletes get during a game, they also get a great deal of exercise during team practices. Finally, many coaches put their players on training programs to keep them fit during the off-season. Therefore, playing team sports helps keep teenagers healthy all year long, not just during game season. Secondly, team sports often help encourage better performance in school. Most school systems have a rule which says that a student cannot play sports unless that student gets good grades. If a student's grades are not high enough, then that student will not be able to play sports in the next season. Playing team sports helps encourage students get better grades because they want to be able to continue playing on their teams. Finally, playing sports gives students a way to relieve their stress. Teenagers lead very stressful lives, and it is a proven fact that exercise helps lower a person's level of stress. Therefore, playing sports helps teenagers lead happier, more relaxed lives. ❖ Sample: Team sports at school are beneficial to teenagers for several reasons. For one thing, they are good for health because players can do exercise during the games and team practices, and they can have off-season training programs, too. In addition, they improve academic performance in school since students need high enough scores to play sports as a rule. Last, team sports help teenagers reduce stress by doing physical exercise, and they can live more happily and relaxedly as a result.

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VIDEO GAMES One development that has caused much concern among parents and teachers is the growing popularity of video games among children. Many children now spend the majority of their free time in front of the computer, and this has a number of negative effects. First, playing video games is basically an individual. Therefore, when children spend most of their time playing video games, they spend very little time with their friends. Interacting with one's friends is an important part of growing up. It teaches a person to work well in groups and to treat other people with respect. Since many children today spend much of their time alone playing video games, they never learn these valuable lessons. Second, video games do not encourage mental activities. In order to play a video game, a child does not have to concentrate very hard or for a long period of time. At most, children have to pay attention for 15 or 30 minutes at a time. As a result, playing video games has a negative effect on a child's attention span and memory. Last, playing video games does not help a child prepare for later life as an adult. Many of the traditional games that children used to play stressed teamwork and problem solving skills. In this way, they helped prepare children for life as adults. Video games, however, teach children no useful skills for adult life. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

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BUZZERS One of the business world's latest marketing trends is the use of buzzers, people who are hired by companies to promote their products. Buzzers do this by using them - often in public places - then telling others how much they love them. Unfortunately, this marketing method is not an effective method in the eyes of many people. First, marketing through buzzers is inherently dishonest since these people receive money for promoting the companies' products. Moreover, most of them sign confidentiality agreements with their employers that forbid them to tell anyone they are buzzers. This means they are company employees and are not really giving their personal opinions. Some of them might not even like the product they are promoting, yet they are still announcing to families, friends, and total strangers that their product is the best one on the market. Second, buzzers make consumers less objective about the products that they purchase. Nowadays, most people do not totally believe in advertising. This is the main reason that companies employ buzzers. If buzzers keep using techniques to persuade consumers to buy their products, these people might become less critical, and they may buy low quality or even fake products. This is even more true whenever the people in question are either related to or friends with the buzzers. They might easily ignore any possible defects of the products and believe they are of better quality than they really are. Last, buzzers are doing harm to society in general by causing distrust among members in society. People are more likely to want to trust buzzers since they appear to be promoting products on their own. However, once consumers know the truth about buzzers, they begin to be suspicious not only of buzzers but also of others in general. As trust in others decreases, society in general begins to fall apart.

_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

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HOMEOWNERS ASSOCIATIONS Purchasing or selling a home is the single most important monetary decision most people will make in their lifetimes. This is why many homeowners choose to join homeowner associations. A homeowner association is a committee of homeowners in a particular neighborhood that works to preserve the value of homes in the area and improve the neighborhood in general. Homeowners associations help protect the value of a home in a number of ways. First, these associations protect home values by ensuring that all homes in the neighborhood are clean and well kept. The association must approve any changes to the outside of homes and has the power to force homeowners to make repairs to their homes, such as repainting the homes or fixing the damaged areas. Since homes in clean, well-kept neighborhoods sell for more money, this helps protect the value of homes. Homeowners associations also have a considerable amount of influence with local school boards. They are able to push for more funding for schools or seek the removal of an ineffective teacher. Since people are generally willing to pay more for a home in a neighborhood with good schools, this also protects the value of homes. Finally, homeowner associations use membership fees to beautify and improve the neighborhood. Such fees are often used to improve local parks or build new playgrounds. These sorts of improvement projects raise the value of all the homes in the neighborhood. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

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WRITING SECTION PART 2 TOPICS 1. Should parents encourage their kids to have jobs during school? 2. Should parents physically punish their children? 3. Should parents share housework with children? 4. Some young people choose to be single to enjoy freedom. Do you want to be single or married? 5. What is the importance of English in today’s world? 6. "Should secondary students learn two foreign languages?” 7. People attend colleges or universities for many different reasons. Why do you think people attend colleges or universities? 8. Some people prefer to eat food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? 9. How is working in groups better than working individually? 10. What do you consider when choosing your job in the future or the job you currently work? (important factors) 11. Some people look for a well-paid job. Others prefer to do the jobs that keep them happy. Which is your preference? 12. What are some advantages of living near work? 13. Advantages of Smartphone? 14. What is your view on the following statement: “Computer games are more harmful than beneficial.” 15. What are some positive/ negative effects of TV on children? 16. People prefer to work for themselves instead of looking for a job? Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? 17. Do you prefer to work in a big company or in a small office?

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18. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, e-mail, or telephone calls.” 19. Is it better to express your anger or store it up? 20. Harmful effects of smoking. 21. Effective ways to keep your mind rest. 22. Do you prefer to live in the countryside or in the city? 23. What are some problems that may occur when a large number of people immigrate to big cities?

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1. Should parents encourage their kids to have jobs during school? Positive: Earning money offers an opportunity for financial education: parents have the opportunity to teach their children about money management. They learn how to save and how to use money appropriately. Kids need to learn real world responsibility → support themselves → do not depend on their parents. Teens build valuable work experience: Jobs can teach teenagers work skills they will need their whole lives. work at an early age teaches a lot of helpful lessons. Students who work learn how to manage their time. It teaches the children to be grateful for all of the things that their parents have done for them. It also helps build their resume. Teens can build connections through part-time work: By working part time, teens can establish contacts with adult employers that can function as references and give recommendations in the future. They also how to get along with co-workers. Jobs can help teens feel more confident and independent. They really get to know themselves, their capabilities. Negative: Less time for homework. Working students may not have or make the time to complete their work. Lower grades in school. Students who work more than 20 hours a week have grade point averages that are lower than other students who work 10 or less hours a week. Increased stress. Balancing work and school can prove to be too much for any student. Money earned from job may distract children from school. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 133

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___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2.

Should parents physically punish their children? • The relationship→be destroyed. It is so difficult to love someone who hurts you. Scared of sharing→ afraid of being punished in that way. • Children cannot express their anger and frustration safely →store it inside→ accumulate for many years → dangerous. • Parents may not control their anger→ physical punishments → injureds. • Children learn through parental modeling→ imitate → physical punishment gives the message that hitting is an appropriate way to express feelings and to solve problems. • Bring back bad memories→ leave scars in children’s mind & last forever. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

3.

Should parents share housework with children? • Teach children important life skills (such as doing laundry, cooking and cleaning). When they grow up and move out, they will be confident and able to live by themselves. • Responsibility: Giving your child a specific job or a specific area in the house to look after will help them learn how to be responsible in later life. • Teamwork: Being part of a family →lives under one roof means →part of a team→ work well in a team → benefit children in later life. • Keeps them busy. It’s much more helpful when children help their parents doing housework instead of playing games in their free time. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 135

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_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

4.

Some young people choose to be single to enjoy freedom. Do you want to be single or married? • Time: interest, beauty… • Do what you want, whenever you want: travel, hang out with friends. • Money • Career ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

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5.

What is the importance of English in today’s world? • The most popular spoken language around the world → widen relationship. • The language of the Internet → enrich knowledge. • Required by many job fields → increase job opportunity. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

6. "Should secondary students learn two foreign languages?" • It boosts cross-cultural understanding. • It boosts career opportunities. • It’s easier to acquire foreign languages as a child. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 137

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_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 7.

People attend colleges or universities for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge etc.). Why do you think people attend colleges or universities? • University degree nowadays is mandatory to apply for a good job. To find better job opportunity after graduation and having higher salary are thus the main reasons many students get enrolled in a college or university. • Better social status. After graduation, socially they have higher prestige among their family, friends, or other people. • Easy to study abroad. • To improve their social skills by meeting more educated people. • Many people enroll in a special course offered by universities because of their interests in this subject or to gain the knowledge they need. • For many people, this is an excellent opportunity to enhance their knowledge, skill and experience. • University and colleges are the good places to learn about diverse cultures, people and social skills. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 138

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8.

Some people prefer to eat food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answers. • Enjoy a variety of food. Everyone has different favorite dishes and restaurants may satisfy all tastes of its customers. • Private space to discuss something. Good place for business negotiation. • Save time. It takes a lot of time to cook at home. • Save money/ it is economical. At home→just need to buy ingredients. At a restaurant → pay for service like chef, waiter, space… • Could eat a healthier food. In a restaurant, you don't know for sure if it is a fresh food or not. Also, meals at restaurants are often high in fat and calories. • A happy mood when you and your family enjoy the food prepared by you at home. The eating time with family is very important.

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9.

How is working in groups better than working individually? • It is time-saving and more effective: A lot of creative ideas → Solve the problems effectively and quickly. • Learn from other people. • Improve skills: communication. Know how to listen and respect others’ ideas. • You can make your own decision. No conflict. • You can work in your own pace not depending on someone else. You can decide what to do when. • You get the whole credit for the work since you are working alone! There won’t besituations like one person does less but gets the same credit with others. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 140

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10. What do you consider when choosing your job in the future or the job you currently work? (important factors) Good working environment - spend many hours at workplace. - office hours (work from as early as 8 o'clock in the morning and finishes working at 5 o'clock in the afternoon, for 5 days a week, not including working overtime or working on Saturdays and Sundays). → spends most of their time at workplace → choose a good workplace, a place that you love → does not mind to be at for a long period of time. .. A good salary - It enables to cover expenditure without worries. - Once you know that your salary is enough for you to survive → will not be worrying about the extra money you need to get to make a living. Future prospects - You will not need to worry of being stuck in the same position for years. - It will also encourage one to work harder as it will be rewarded. That is why future prospect is an important factor to consider when looking for a job. 141

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Personal interest - If you like the job you are doing, of course you will be happy and feel at peace. - You can get over any stress or frustration in the job. - The job will give you the most personal satisfaction. Money can but everything, but not personal satisfaction. Distance -

Save time: avoid traffic jam. Save money: reduce fuel cost. Reduce pollution: the more time you spend in vehicles, the more pollution you create. Cutting down your commute time means that you are helping the earth and its habitant. - Health benefit: reach your office on foot or on a cycle → great way to get some exercise into your busy schedule. - Flexibility in your daily schedule: do not need to wake up early in the morning + be able to reach home quickly in case of emergency or break for lunch. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 142

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11. Some people look for a well-paid job. Others prefer to do the jobs that keep them happy. Which is your preference? Job satisfaction: • When you love your work, you dedicate more attention and energy to what you do and it wil result in possible rewards (promotions, better salary, etc.) • If you do what you like, you will do it better and consequently, you will grow in your area. • When you do a job with a lower salary but provides you with job satisfaction, you can maintain the same job over the long term and end up earning even more money. • A person who may have troubles in his/her life (not about job) may find satisfaction and happiness in doing what they like in their jobs. • When you do not love what you do you can become easily bored, which makes you feel annoyed at work. In this situation, many things will irritate you, which can create conflict with co-workers, and which could lead to you losing your job. • When you don’t like what you do, it can stress you out, affect your mental health and ultimately, it can have a negative impact on your overall health, even if you are earning a good salary. • It's better to do something that you like, that reduces the stress and helps you have a happier life. Essay samples: I prefer a well-paid job because money is a motivation, a support for my family, and preparation for my old age. Firstly, when I have a high salary, I will try my best to increase the effectiveness and efficiency in my work. Nothing in life is free and my good salary deserves my great effort. In time of economic crisis, a salary of 1.000$ can certainly keep me and is worth my dedication. Secondly, my high salary is not always for me but also for my family. As a bread winner in the family, I need a good income to give my family a decent life. My children can go to school, my whole family can have a holiday together, etc. Finally, with a good salary my old age is secured. No one wants to become a burden to their children when they grow old. Every month, I can put part of my salary in my saving account, or I can buy some property and sell it when I need money. In conclusion, with a good salary, I can feel better motivated at work, raise my family decently, and live independently in my last day.

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12. What are some advantages of living near work? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ 144

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13. Advantages of Smartphone? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 145

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14. What is your view on the following statement: “Computer games are more harmful than beneficial.” • Health problems • Relationship • Increase aggression • Do not encourage mental activities. • Lead addicted players → Affect performance in school. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 15. What are some positive/ negative effects of TV on children? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 146

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16. People prefer to work for themselves instead of looking for a job? Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Working as an employee: • Spend more time with your family (helping his child do his homework, fishing with the whole family, etc). • Have fewer responsibilities: Do not care about the market, competitors and expected profit. When taking a vacation, employee can forget all troubles, relax and not worry about who does his job during his absence. • Receive a steady paycheck. • Can always find a more interesting job with a higher salary. Be self-employed • You are your own boss. • You can follow your passion. • It offers freedom/ independence. 147

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You can set you own schedule. Do not have to report to anyone except one's self. Free to take vacations and enjoy other social and personal aspects of life. • The more you work, the more you get. • You can choose your own customers. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

17. Do you prefer to work in a big company or in a small office? ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 148

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____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 18. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Face-to-face communication is better than other types of communication, such as letters, email, or telephone calls. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer. • Get responses immediately without misunderstanding. If you are talking to someone directly, you can see right away if they don't understand you. • Help people express their feelings, ideas much better: In communication it is just not enough for us to say the words; we need eye contact, body language to express our feelings. Sometimes we are so happy or angry that we are out of words. At these times, there is nothing more efficient to express our happiness or anger than a big hug or turn our face to another side • Make the conversation longer. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 149

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____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 19. Is it better to express your anger or store it up? • Ruin the relationship. The other party understands you better. You give the other person an opportunity to clear a misunderstanding. • You do not have to ‘fake it”. • Negative effect on your health. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ 150

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20. Harmful effects of smoking. • The money: How can you afford that new video game if you're burning cash on cigarettes? • The opportunities • The relationships • The addictions: quitting smoking is hard. But the health consequences are even harder to deal with. • Health problem ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

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21. • • • • •

Effective ways to keep your mind rest. Do physical exercise like doing yoga. Listen to calming music. Stay away from social media outlets. Spend time alone Drinking warm liquid ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

22. Do you prefer to live in the countryside or in the city? Living conditions: ✓ Life is very simple and easy (way of living, dressing, food…) ✓ Not much pressure for working and living. ✓ Everything (entertainment, food, dressing…) is free or very low-cost. Environment 152

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✓ Close / direct contact with nature. ✓ Fresh, peaceful, quiet. Education system: Large number of schools. Hospitals: Large number of Hospitals. A lot of modern facilities. Transport facilities: Lots of good transportation. Occupations: ✓ A lot of employment opportunities. ✓ Well-paid and secure jobs. ✓ Lot of fields for jobs. Culture and religion: People get to explore and get knowledge of different kinds of things, culture, religions.

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23. What are some problems that may occur when a large number of people immigrate to big cities? • Employment: It increases the rate of unemployment in urban areas since all not all people who come to town to seek employment will be employed • Education: lack of education facilities • Environment: pollution • Lack of security: street crime, including gangs, as well as social inequality and discrimination. • Inrease the prices of commodities, housing and transport in urban areas. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________

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