ANSYS Fluent Tutorial Guide 2020 R2 PDF [PDF]

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ANSYS Fluent Tutorial Guide

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Table of Contents Using This Manual .................................................................................................................................... xxiii 1. What’s In This Manual ...................................................................................................................... xxiii 2. How To Use This Manual .................................................................................................................. xxiii 2.1. For the Beginner ..................................................................................................................... xxiii 2.2. For the Experienced User ........................................................................................................ xxiii 3. Typographical Conventions Used In This Manual .............................................................................. xxiii 1. Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow ..................................................................................... 1 1.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Prerequisites ..................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Problem Description ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Setup and Solution ........................................................................................................................... 3 1.4.1. Preparation .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.4.2. Launching ANSYS Fluent .......................................................................................................... 4 1.4.3. Meshing Workflow ................................................................................................................... 7 1.4.4. Setting Up Domain ................................................................................................................. 16 1.4.5. Setting Up Physics .................................................................................................................. 18 1.4.6. Solving .................................................................................................................................. 31 1.4.7. Displaying the Preliminary Solution ........................................................................................ 42 1.4.8. Adapting the Mesh ................................................................................................................. 55 1.5. Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 68 2. Fluid Flow in an Exhaust Manifold ........................................................................................................ 69 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 69 2.2. Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................... 70 2.3. Problem Description ....................................................................................................................... 70 2.4. Setup and Solution ......................................................................................................................... 70 2.4.1. Preparation ............................................................................................................................ 71 2.4.2. Meshing Workflow ................................................................................................................. 71 2.4.3. General Settings ..................................................................................................................... 83 2.4.4. Solver Settings ....................................................................................................................... 84 2.4.5. Models ................................................................................................................................... 85 2.4.6. Materials ................................................................................................................................ 86 2.4.7. Cell Zone Conditions .............................................................................................................. 87 2.4.8. Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................................. 87 2.4.9. Solution ................................................................................................................................. 92 2.5. Postprocessing ............................................................................................................................... 99 2.6. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 112 3. Fluent Postprocessing : Exhaust Manifold .......................................................................................... 113 3.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 113 3.2. Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................. 114 3.3. Problem Description ..................................................................................................................... 114 3.4. Setup and Solution ....................................................................................................................... 114 3.4.1. Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 115 3.4.2. Reading the Mesh ................................................................................................................ 115 3.4.3. Manipulating the Mesh in the Viewer .................................................................................... 115 3.4.4. Adding Lights ...................................................................................................................... 117 3.4.5. Creating Isosurfaces ............................................................................................................. 121 3.4.6. Generating Contours ............................................................................................................ 124 3.4.7. Generating Velocity Vectors .................................................................................................. 128 3.4.8. Creating an Animation ......................................................................................................... 132

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Tutorial Guide 3.4.9. Creating a Scene With Multiple Graphics Features ................................................................. 137 3.4.10. Creating Exploded Views .................................................................................................... 139 3.4.11. Animating the Display of Results in Successive Streamwise Planes ....................................... 142 3.4.12. Generating XY Plots ............................................................................................................ 145 3.4.13. Creating Annotation ........................................................................................................... 148 3.4.14. Saving Picture Files ............................................................................................................. 150 3.4.15. Generating Volume Integral Reports ................................................................................... 151 3.5. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 152 4. Exhaust System: Fault-tolerant Meshing ............................................................................................ 153 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 153 4.2. Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................. 154 4.3. Problem Description ..................................................................................................................... 154 4.4. Setup and Solution ....................................................................................................................... 154 4.4.1. Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 155 4.4.2. Geometry and Mesh ............................................................................................................. 155 4.4.3. General Settings ................................................................................................................... 176 4.4.4. Solver Settings ..................................................................................................................... 177 4.4.5. Models ................................................................................................................................. 178 4.4.6. Materials .............................................................................................................................. 179 4.4.7. Cell Zone Conditions ............................................................................................................ 179 4.4.8. Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................................ 179 4.4.9. Solution ............................................................................................................................... 181 4.4.10. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 187 4.5. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 192 5. Modeling Flow Through Porous Media ............................................................................................... 193 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 193 5.2. Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................. 194 5.3. Problem Description ..................................................................................................................... 194 5.4. Setup and Solution ....................................................................................................................... 194 5.4.1. Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 195 5.4.2. Meshing Workflow ............................................................................................................... 195 5.4.3. General Settings ................................................................................................................... 211 5.4.4. Solver Settings ..................................................................................................................... 212 5.4.5. Models ................................................................................................................................. 213 5.4.6. Materials .............................................................................................................................. 214 5.4.7. Cell Zone Conditions ............................................................................................................ 215 5.4.8. Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................................ 218 5.4.9. Solution ............................................................................................................................... 220 5.4.10. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 225 5.5. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 237 6. Modeling External Compressible Flow ............................................................................................... 239 6.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 239 6.2. Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................. 239 6.3. Problem Description ..................................................................................................................... 239 6.4. Setup and Solution ....................................................................................................................... 240 6.4.1. Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 241 6.4.2. Meshing Workflow ............................................................................................................... 241 6.4.3. Mesh .................................................................................................................................... 254 6.4.4. Solver .................................................................................................................................. 256 6.4.5. Models ................................................................................................................................. 257 6.4.6. Materials .............................................................................................................................. 259

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Tutorial Guide 6.4.7. Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................................ 260 6.4.8. Operating Conditions ........................................................................................................... 262 6.4.9. Reference Values .................................................................................................................. 263 6.4.10. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 264 6.4.11. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 268 6.5. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 280 7. Modeling Transient Compressible Flow .............................................................................................. 281 7.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 281 7.2. Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................. 281 7.3. Problem Description ..................................................................................................................... 281 7.4. Setup and Solution ....................................................................................................................... 282 7.4.1. Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 282 7.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ........................................................................................... 283 7.4.3. Solver and Analysis Type ....................................................................................................... 285 7.4.4. Models ................................................................................................................................. 286 7.4.5. Materials .............................................................................................................................. 287 7.4.6. Operating Conditions ........................................................................................................... 288 7.4.7. Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................................ 289 7.4.8. Solution: Steady Flow ........................................................................................................... 293 7.4.9. Enabling Time Dependence and Setting Transient Conditions ............................................... 309 7.4.10. Specifying Solution Parameters for Transient Flow and Solving ............................................ 311 7.4.11. Saving and Postprocessing Time-Dependent Data Sets ....................................................... 314 7.5. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 327 8. Using the Monte Carlo Radiation Model ............................................................................................. 329 8.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 329 8.2. Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................. 329 8.3. Problem Description ..................................................................................................................... 329 8.4. Setup and Solution ....................................................................................................................... 330 8.4.1. Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 330 8.4.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................................... 331 8.4.3. Models ................................................................................................................................. 333 8.4.4. Materials .............................................................................................................................. 335 8.4.5. Cell Zone Conditions ............................................................................................................ 337 8.4.6. Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................................ 338 8.4.7. Solution ............................................................................................................................... 340 8.4.8. Postprocessing ..................................................................................................................... 342 8.5. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 346 8.6. Further Improvements .................................................................................................................. 346 9. Using a Single Rotating Reference Frame ........................................................................................... 347 9.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 347 9.2. Prerequisites ................................................................................................................................. 347 9.3. Problem Description ..................................................................................................................... 347 9.4. Setup and Solution ....................................................................................................................... 348 9.4.1. Preparation .......................................................................................................................... 349 9.4.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................................... 349 9.4.3. General Settings ................................................................................................................... 350 9.4.4. Models ................................................................................................................................. 353 9.4.5. Materials .............................................................................................................................. 355 9.4.6. Cell Zone Conditions ............................................................................................................ 355 9.4.7. Boundary Conditions ............................................................................................................ 357 9.4.8. Solution Using the Standard k- ε Model ................................................................................. 359

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Tutorial Guide 9.4.9. Postprocessing for the Standard k- ε Solution ........................................................................ 366 9.4.10. Solution Using the RNG k- ε Model ...................................................................................... 375 9.4.11. Postprocessing for the RNG k- ε Solution ............................................................................. 377 9.5. Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 382 9.6. Further Improvements .................................................................................................................. 383 9.7. References .................................................................................................................................... 383 10. Using Multiple Reference Frames ..................................................................................................... 385 10.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 385 10.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 385 10.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 385 10.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 386 10.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 386 10.4.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................................. 387 10.4.3. Models ............................................................................................................................... 387 10.4.4. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 388 10.4.5. Cell Zone Conditions .......................................................................................................... 388 10.4.6. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 388 10.4.7. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 389 10.4.8. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 393 10.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 395 10.6. Further Improvements ................................................................................................................ 395 11. Using Sliding Meshes ........................................................................................................................ 397 11.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 397 11.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 397 11.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 397 11.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 398 11.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 398 11.4.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................................. 399 11.4.3. General Settings ................................................................................................................. 399 11.4.4. Models ............................................................................................................................... 402 11.4.5. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 403 11.4.6. Cell Zone Conditions .......................................................................................................... 405 11.4.7. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 408 11.4.8. Operating Conditions ......................................................................................................... 414 11.4.9. Mesh Interfaces .................................................................................................................. 414 11.4.10. Solution ........................................................................................................................... 416 11.4.11. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................. 435 11.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 439 12. Using Overset and Dynamic Meshes ................................................................................................. 441 12.1. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 441 12.2. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 442 12.3. Preparation ................................................................................................................................. 443 12.4. Mesh .......................................................................................................................................... 443 12.5. Overset Interface Creation ........................................................................................................... 447 12.6. Steady-State Case Setup .............................................................................................................. 450 12.6.1. General Settings ................................................................................................................. 450 12.6.2. Models ............................................................................................................................... 451 12.6.3. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 452 12.6.4. Operating Conditions ......................................................................................................... 453 12.6.5. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 453 12.6.6. Reference Values ................................................................................................................ 454

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Tutorial Guide 12.6.7. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 455 12.7. Unsteady Setup .......................................................................................................................... 461 12.7.1. General Settings ................................................................................................................. 461 12.7.2. Compile the UDF ................................................................................................................ 461 12.7.3. Dynamic Mesh Settings ...................................................................................................... 462 12.7.4. Report Generation for Unsteady Case ................................................................................. 464 12.7.5. Run Calculations for Unsteady Case .................................................................................... 466 12.7.6. Overset Solution Checking ................................................................................................. 467 12.7.7. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 467 12.7.8. Diagnosing an Overset Case ............................................................................................... 470 12.8. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 477 13. Modeling Species Transport and Gaseous Combustion ................................................................... 479 13.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 479 13.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 479 13.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 480 13.4. Background ................................................................................................................................ 480 13.5. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 480 13.5.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 481 13.5.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................................. 481 13.5.3. General Settings ................................................................................................................. 481 13.5.4. Models ............................................................................................................................... 484 13.5.5. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 487 13.5.6. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 491 13.5.7. Initial Reaction Solution ...................................................................................................... 496 13.5.8. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 500 13.5.9. NOx Prediction ................................................................................................................... 507 13.6. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 518 13.7. Further Improvements ................................................................................................................ 518 14. Using the Eddy Dissipation and Steady Diffusion Flamelet Combustion Models ............................ 521 14.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 521 14.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 521 14.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 522 14.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 522 14.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 523 14.4.2. Meshing Workflow .............................................................................................................. 523 14.4.3. Solver Settings ................................................................................................................... 531 14.4.4. Models ............................................................................................................................... 531 14.4.5. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 532 14.4.6. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 533 14.4.7. Postprocessing for the Eddy-Dissipation Solution ................................................................ 535 14.5. Steady Diffusion Flamelet Model Setup and Solution ................................................................... 541 14.5.1. Models ............................................................................................................................... 541 14.5.2. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 543 14.5.3. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 543 14.5.4. Postprocessing for the Steady Diffusion Flamelet Solution ................................................... 544 14.6. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 547 15. Modeling Surface Chemistry ............................................................................................................. 549 15.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 549 15.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 549 15.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 550 15.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 551

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Tutorial Guide 15.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 551 15.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ......................................................................................... 551 15.4.3. Solver and Analysis Type ..................................................................................................... 553 15.4.4. Specifying the Models ........................................................................................................ 554 15.4.5. Defining Materials and Properties ....................................................................................... 556 15.4.6. Specifying Boundary Conditions ......................................................................................... 567 15.4.7. Setting the Operating Conditions ....................................................................................... 574 15.4.8. Simulating Non-Reacting Flow ............................................................................................ 575 15.4.9. Simulating Reacting Flow ................................................................................................... 577 15.4.10. Postprocessing the Solution Results .................................................................................. 583 15.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 589 16. Modeling Evaporating Liquid Spray ................................................................................................. 591 16.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 591 16.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 591 16.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 591 16.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 592 16.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 592 16.4.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................................. 593 16.4.3. Solver ................................................................................................................................. 596 16.4.4. Models ............................................................................................................................... 596 16.4.5. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 599 16.4.6. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 601 16.4.7. Initial Solution Without Droplets ......................................................................................... 607 16.4.8. Creating a Spray Injection ................................................................................................... 617 16.4.9. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 626 16.4.10. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................. 636 16.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 647 17. Using the VOF Model ......................................................................................................................... 649 17.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 649 17.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 649 17.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 649 17.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 651 17.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 651 17.4.2. Reading and Manipulating the Mesh ................................................................................... 652 17.4.3. General Settings ................................................................................................................. 656 17.4.4. Models ............................................................................................................................... 659 17.4.5. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 661 17.4.6. Phases ................................................................................................................................ 662 17.4.7. Operating Conditions ......................................................................................................... 665 17.4.8. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 666 17.4.9. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 670 17.4.10. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................. 677 17.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 682 18. Modeling Cavitation .......................................................................................................................... 683 18.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 683 18.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 683 18.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 683 18.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 684 18.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 684 18.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ......................................................................................... 685 18.4.3. Solver Settings ................................................................................................................... 686

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Tutorial Guide 18.4.4. Models ............................................................................................................................... 687 18.4.5. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 689 18.4.6. Phases ................................................................................................................................ 692 18.4.7. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 696 18.4.8. Operating Conditions ......................................................................................................... 701 18.4.9. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 701 18.4.10. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................. 706 18.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 711 19. Using the Eulerian Multiphase Model ............................................................................................... 713 19.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 713 19.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 713 19.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 713 19.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 714 19.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 715 19.4.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................................. 715 19.4.3. Solver Settings ................................................................................................................... 716 19.4.4. Models ............................................................................................................................... 717 19.4.5. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 718 19.4.6. Phases ................................................................................................................................ 719 19.4.7. Cell Zone Conditions .......................................................................................................... 720 19.4.8. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 721 19.4.9. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 721 19.4.10. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................. 723 19.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 729 20. Modeling Solidification ..................................................................................................................... 731 20.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 731 20.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 731 20.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 731 20.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 732 20.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 733 20.4.2. Reading and Checking the Mesh ......................................................................................... 733 20.4.3. Specifying Solver and Analysis Type .................................................................................... 734 20.4.4. Specifying the Models ........................................................................................................ 736 20.4.5. Defining Materials .............................................................................................................. 737 20.4.6. Setting the Cell Zone Conditions ......................................................................................... 740 20.4.7. Setting the Boundary Conditions ........................................................................................ 741 20.4.8. Solution: Steady Conduction ............................................................................................... 751 20.4.9. Solution: Transient Flow and Heat Transfer ........................................................................... 762 20.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 773 21. Using the Eulerian Granular Multiphase Model with Heat Transfer ................................................. 775 21.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 775 21.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 775 21.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 775 21.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 776 21.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 777 21.4.2. Mesh .................................................................................................................................. 777 21.4.3. Solver Settings ................................................................................................................... 778 21.4.4. Models ............................................................................................................................... 779 21.4.5. UDF ................................................................................................................................... 780 21.4.6. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 781 21.4.7. Phases ................................................................................................................................ 782

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Tutorial Guide 21.4.8. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 787 21.4.9. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 795 21.4.10. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................. 808 21.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 811 21.6. References .................................................................................................................................. 811 22. Modeling One-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Within Fluent ................................................. 813 22.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 813 22.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 813 22.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 814 22.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 814 22.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 814 22.4.2. Structural Model ................................................................................................................. 816 22.4.3. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 817 22.4.4. Cell Zone Conditions .......................................................................................................... 819 22.4.5. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 820 22.4.6. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 824 22.4.7. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 827 22.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 829 23. Modeling Two-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) Within Fluent ................................................. 831 23.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 831 23.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 831 23.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 832 23.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 832 23.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 832 23.4.2. Solver and Analysis Type ..................................................................................................... 835 23.4.3. Structural Model ................................................................................................................. 835 23.4.4. Materials ............................................................................................................................ 836 23.4.5. Cell Zone Conditions .......................................................................................................... 837 23.4.6. Boundary Conditions .......................................................................................................... 838 23.4.7. Dynamic Mesh Zones ......................................................................................................... 841 23.4.8. Solution Animations ........................................................................................................... 845 23.4.9. Solution ............................................................................................................................. 857 23.4.10. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................. 859 23.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 863 24. Using the Adjoint Solver – 2D Laminar Flow Past a Cylinder ............................................................ 865 24.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 865 24.2. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 865 24.3. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 866 24.3.1. Step 1: Preparation ............................................................................................................. 866 24.3.2. Step 2: Define Observables ................................................................................................. 867 24.3.3. Step 3: Compute the Drag Sensitivity .................................................................................. 871 24.3.4. Step 4: Postprocess and Export Drag Sensitivity ................................................................... 875 24.3.4.1. Boundary Condition Sensitivity .................................................................................. 875 24.3.4.2. Momentum Source Sensitivity ................................................................................... 876 24.3.4.3. Shape Sensitivity ....................................................................................................... 878 24.3.4.4. Exporting Drag Sensitivity Data .................................................................................. 879 24.3.5. Step 5: Compute Lift Sensitivity ........................................................................................... 882 24.3.6. Step 6: Modify the Shape .................................................................................................... 882 24.4. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 890 25. Simulating a Single Battery Cell Using the MSMD Battery Model .................................................... 891 25.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 891

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Tutorial Guide 25.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 891 25.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 891 25.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 892 25.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 892 25.4.2. Reading and Scaling the Mesh ............................................................................................ 893 25.4.3. Loading the MSMD battery Add-on ..................................................................................... 893 25.4.4. NTGK Battery Model Setup ................................................................................................. 894 25.4.4.1. Specifying Solver and Models ..................................................................................... 894 25.4.4.2. Defining New Materials for Cell and Tabs .................................................................... 898 25.4.4.3. Defining Cell Zone Conditions .................................................................................... 902 25.4.4.4. Defining Boundary Conditions ................................................................................... 902 25.4.4.5. Specifying Solution Settings ....................................................................................... 903 25.4.4.6. Obtaining Solution .................................................................................................... 907 25.4.5. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 909 25.4.6. Simulating the Battery Pulse Discharge Using the ECM Model ............................................. 922 25.4.7. Using the Reduced Order Method (ROM) ............................................................................ 923 25.4.8. External and Internal Short-Circuit Treatment ...................................................................... 924 25.4.8.1. Setting up and Solving a Short-Circuit Problem .......................................................... 924 25.4.8.2. Postprocessing .......................................................................................................... 926 25.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 931 25.6. Appendix .................................................................................................................................... 931 25.7. References .................................................................................................................................. 933 26. Simulating a 1P3S Battery Pack Using the Battery Model ................................................................ 935 26.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 935 26.2. Prerequisites ............................................................................................................................... 935 26.3. Problem Description ................................................................................................................... 936 26.4. Setup and Solution ..................................................................................................................... 936 26.4.1. Preparation ........................................................................................................................ 937 26.4.2. Reading and Scaling the Mesh ............................................................................................ 937 26.4.3. Loading the MSMD battery Add-on ..................................................................................... 938 26.4.4. Battery Model Setup ........................................................................................................... 939 26.4.4.1. Specifying Solver and Models ..................................................................................... 939 26.4.4.2. Defining New Materials .............................................................................................. 944 26.4.4.3. Defining Cell Zone Conditions .................................................................................... 947 26.4.4.4. Defining Boundary Conditions ................................................................................... 948 26.4.4.5. Specifying Solution Settings ....................................................................................... 949 26.4.4.6. Obtaining Solution .................................................................................................... 953 26.4.5. Postprocessing ................................................................................................................... 955 26.5. Summary .................................................................................................................................... 963 27. In-Flight Icing Tutorial Using Fluent Icing ......................................................................................... 965 27.1. Fluent Airflow on the Clean NACA0012 Airfoil ............................................................................. 965 27.1.1. Setting up a Fluent Airflow Simulation on a Clean NACA0012 Airfoil .................................... 966 27.1.2. Conducting a Fluent Airflow Simulation on Clean NACA0012 Airfoil .................................... 969 27.2. Fluent Airflow on the Rough NACA0012 Airfoil ............................................................................ 973 27.3. Droplet Impingement on the NACA0012 ..................................................................................... 978 27.3.1. Monodispersed Calculation ................................................................................................ 978 27.3.2. Langmuir-D Distribution ..................................................................................................... 983 27.3.3. Post-Processing Using Viewmerical ..................................................................................... 988 27.4. Fluent Icing Ice Accretion on the NACA0012 ................................................................................ 998 27.5. Postprocessing an Ice Accretion Solution Using CFD-Post Macros ............................................... 1005 27.6. Multi-Shot Ice Accretion with Automatic Mesh Displacement ..................................................... 1011

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Tutorial Guide 27.7. Multi-Shot Ice Accretion with Automatic Mesh Displacement – Postprocessing Using CFD-Post ... 1016 27.8. FENSAP Airflow on the Clean NACA0012 Airfoil .......................................................................... 1021 27.8.1. FENSAP Airflow Solution on a Clean NACA0012 Airfoil ...................................................... 1021 27.9. FENSAP Airflow Solution on the Rough NACA0012 Airfoil ........................................................... 1026

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List of Figures 1.1. Problem Specification ............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2. Convergence History of the Mass-Weighted Average Temperature ......................................................... 39 1.3. Residuals .............................................................................................................................................. 40 1.4. Predicted Velocity Distribution after the Initial Calculation ..................................................................... 44 1.5. Predicted Temperature Distribution after the Initial Calculation .............................................................. 46 1.6. Velocity Vectors Colored by Velocity Magnitude ..................................................................................... 48 1.7. Resized Velocity Vectors ........................................................................................................................ 48 1.8. Magnified View of Resized Velocity Vectors ............................................................................................ 49 1.9. Outlet Temperature Profile for the Initial Solution .................................................................................. 52 1.10. Contours of the Dynamic Head Custom Field Function ......................................................................... 54 1.11. Cells Marked for Adaption ................................................................................................................... 58 1.12. Alternative Display of Cells Marked for Adaption .................................................................................. 60 1.13. The Adapted Mesh .............................................................................................................................. 62 1.14. The Complete Residual History ............................................................................................................ 63 1.15. Convergence History of Mass-Weighted Average Temperature ............................................................. 63 1.16. Filled Contours of Temperature Using the Adapted Mesh ..................................................................... 64 1.17. Outlet Temperature Profile for the Adapted Coupled Solver Solution .................................................... 65 1.18. Outlet Temperature Profiles for the Two Solutions ................................................................................ 68 2.1. Manifold Geometry for Flow Modeling .................................................................................................. 70 2.2. Mass Flow Rate History ......................................................................................................................... 98 2.3. Residuals .............................................................................................................................................. 98 2.4. Pathlines Through the Manifold ........................................................................................................... 100 2.5. Scene Containing the Mesh and Pathlines Throughout the Manifold .................................................... 104 2.6. Contours of Velocity Magnitude at the Outlet ...................................................................................... 107 2.7. Contours of Temperature at the mid-plane .......................................................................................... 110 2.8. Contours of Temperature on the Exhaust Manifold ............................................................................... 112 3.1. Manifold Geometry for Flow Modeling ................................................................................................ 114 3.2. Mesh Display of the Exhaust Manifold ................................................................................................. 117 3.3. Graphics Window with Default Lighting ............................................................................................... 119 3.4. Display with Additional Lighting: - Headlight Off .................................................................................. 120 3.5. Display with Additional Lighting ......................................................................................................... 121 3.6. Filled Contours of Temperature on the Mid-Plane-x and the Outlet ....................................................... 127 3.7. Filled Contours of Temperature for the Surface of the Manifold ............................................................ 128 3.8. Velocity Vectors in the Mid-Plane of the Manifold ................................................................................. 130 3.9. Velocity Vectors mid-plane in the z-direction ....................................................................................... 132 3.10. Filled Temperature Contours on the mid-plane-x, clip-z-inner and outlet-plane Surfaces ..................... 134 3.11. Filled Temperature Contours on the Mid-Plane, Inner-Clip, and Outlet-Plane Surfaces .......................... 136 3.12. Temperature Contours and Velocity Vectors Scene ............................................................................. 139 3.13. Exploded Scene Display of Temperature, Velocity, and Pathlines ......................................................... 142 3.14. Temperature Along a Solid Portion of the Manifold ............................................................................ 148 3.15. A Display with Annotation ................................................................................................................. 150 4.1. Exhaust System Geometry for Flow Modeling ...................................................................................... 154 4.2. Manifold CAD Geometry for Flow Modeling ......................................................................................... 157 4.3. Residuals ............................................................................................................................................ 186 4.4. Mass Balance History ........................................................................................................................... 186 4.5. Pathlines Through the Manifold ........................................................................................................... 188 4.6. Contours of Velocity Magnitude Through the Manifold ........................................................................ 190 4.7. Scene Containing the Mesh and Contours Throughout the Manifold .................................................... 192 5.1. Catalytic Converter Geometry for Flow Modeling ................................................................................. 194

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Tutorial Guide 5.2. The Imported CAD Geometry for the Catalytic Converter ..................................................................... 198 5.3. Mesh for the Catalytic Converter Geometry in Fluent (Solver Mode) ..................................................... 212 5.4. Mass Flow Rate History ........................................................................................................................ 225 5.5. Velocity Vectors Through the Interior ................................................................................................... 233 5.6. Contours of Static Pressure Through the Interior .................................................................................. 235 5.7. Contours of Velocity Magnitude on the z=185, z=230, z=280, z=330, and z=375 Surfaces ...................... 237 6.1. Problem Specification ......................................................................................................................... 240 6.2. The Imported CAD Geometry for the Wing .......................................................................................... 244 6.3. The Entire Mesh .................................................................................................................................. 255 6.4. Magnified View of the Mesh Around the Wing ..................................................................................... 256 6.5. Contour Plot of y+ Distribution ............................................................................................................ 269 6.6. Contour Plot of Pressure ...................................................................................................................... 271 6.7. Improved Contour Plot of Pressure ...................................................................................................... 272 6.8. Contour Plot of Mach Number ............................................................................................................. 274 6.9. Contour Plot of x Component of Velocity ............................................................................................. 276 6.10. Plot of Velocity Vectors Downstream of the Shock .............................................................................. 278 6.11. XY Plot of x Wall Shear Stress ............................................................................................................. 280 7.1. Problem Specification ......................................................................................................................... 282 7.2. 2D Nozzle Mesh Display with Mirroring ............................................................................................... 284 7.3. Mass Flow Rate History ........................................................................................................................ 302 7.4. 2D Nozzle Mesh after Adaption ........................................................................................................... 304 7.5. Contours of Static Pressure (Steady Flow) ............................................................................................. 306 7.6. Velocity Vectors Showing Recirculation (Steady Flow) .......................................................................... 308 7.7. Mass Flow Rate History (Transient Flow) .............................................................................................. 314 7.8. Pressure Contours at t=0.017136 s ....................................................................................................... 318 7.9. Mach Number Contours at t=0.017136 s .............................................................................................. 320 7.10. Pressure Contours at t=0.017993 s ..................................................................................................... 323 7.11. Pressure Contours at t=0.019135 s ..................................................................................................... 323 7.12. Mach Number Contours at t=0.017993 s ............................................................................................ 324 7.13. Mach Number Contours at t=0.019135 s ............................................................................................ 324 7.14. Velocity Vectors at t=0.018849 s ......................................................................................................... 327 8.1. Case Geometry ................................................................................................................................... 330 8.2. Graphics Display of Mesh .................................................................................................................... 331 8.3. Graphics Display of Headlamp Mesh .................................................................................................... 333 8.4. Contour of Temperature on Inner Bezel ............................................................................................... 344 8.5. Contour of Radiation Intensity Normalized Standard Deviation on Inner Bezel ...................................... 346 9.1. Problem Specification ......................................................................................................................... 348 9.2. Mesh Display for the Disk Cavity .......................................................................................................... 351 9.3. Mass Flow Rate History (k- ε Turbulence Model) ................................................................................... 365 9.4. Magnified View of Velocity Vectors within the Disk Cavity ..................................................................... 368 9.5. Contours of Static Pressure for the Entire Disk Cavity ............................................................................ 370 9.6. Radial Velocity Distribution—Standard k- ε Solution ............................................................................ 372 9.7. Wall Yplus Distribution on wall-6— Standard k- ε Solution ................................................................... 375 9.8. Radial Velocity Distribution — RNG k- ε and Standard k- ε Solutions ..................................................... 379 9.9. RNG k- ε and Standard k- ε Solutions (x=0 cm to x=1 cm) ..................................................................... 380 9.10. wall-6 — RNG k- ε and Standard k- ε Solutions (x=0 cm to x=43 cm) ................................................... 382 10.1. Case Geometry ................................................................................................................................. 386 10.2. Contours of Static Pressure ................................................................................................................ 394 11.1. Rotor-Stator Problem Description ...................................................................................................... 398 11.2. Rotor-Stator Display .......................................................................................................................... 400 11.3. Residual History for the First Revolution of the Rotor .......................................................................... 425

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Tutorial Guide 11.4. Mass Flow Rate at the Inlet During the First Revolution ...................................................................... 426 11.5. Mass Flow Rate at the Outlet During the First Revolution .................................................................... 426 11.6. Static Pressure at the Interface During the First Revolution ................................................................. 427 11.7. Mass Flow Rate at the Inlet During the Next 3 Revolutions ................................................................. 430 11.8. Mass Flow Rate at the Outlet During the Next 3 Revolutions ............................................................... 430 11.9. Static Pressure at the Interface During the Next 3 Revolutions ............................................................ 431 11.10. Static Pressure at a Point on The Stator Interface During the Final Revolution .................................... 435 11.11. FFT of Static Pressure at the Stator ................................................................................................... 437 11.12. Mean Static Pressure on the Outer Shroud of the Axial Compressor .................................................. 439 12.1. Schematic of Problem ....................................................................................................................... 442 12.2. Close View of Bay Area ...................................................................................................................... 443 12.3. Cell Marking on component .............................................................................................................. 474 12.4. Cell Marking on fluid-background ..................................................................................................... 475 12.5. Dead Cells in the Component ............................................................................................................ 476 12.6. Dead Cells in the Background ............................................................................................................ 477 13.1. Combustion of Methane Gas in a Turbulent Diffusion Flame Furnace .................................................. 480 13.2. The Quadrilateral Mesh for the Combustor Model .............................................................................. 483 13.3. Contours of Temperature ................................................................................................................... 501 13.4. Velocity Vectors ................................................................................................................................. 503 13.5. Contours of CH4 Mass Fraction .......................................................................................................... 504 13.6. Contours of O2 Mass Fraction ............................................................................................................ 504 13.7. Contours of CO2 Mass Fraction .......................................................................................................... 505 13.8. Contours of H2O Mass Fraction .......................................................................................................... 505 13.9. Contours of NO Mass Fraction — Prompt and Thermal NOx Formation ............................................... 513 13.10. Contours of NO Mass Fraction—Thermal NOx Formation ................................................................. 514 13.11. Contours of NO Mass Fraction—Prompt NOx Formation .................................................................. 515 13.12. Contours of NO ppm — Prompt NOx Formation ............................................................................... 518 14.1. Can Combustor Geometry ................................................................................................................. 522 14.2. Scaled Residuals ................................................................................................................................ 535 14.3. Convergence History of Mass-Weighted Average CO2 on the Outlet ................................................... 535 14.4. Contours of CO2 Mass Fraction .......................................................................................................... 539 14.5. Contours of O2 Mass Fraction ............................................................................................................ 540 14.6. Contours of Static Temperature on the Combustor Walls .................................................................... 541 14.7. Contours of Mean Mixture Fraction .................................................................................................... 545 14.8. Contours of CO2 Mass Fraction .......................................................................................................... 545 14.9. Convergence History of Mass-Weighted Average CO2 on the Outlet ................................................... 547 15.1. Schematic of the Reactor Configuration ............................................................................................. 550 15.2. Mesh Display .................................................................................................................................... 553 15.3. Contours of Surface Deposition Rate of Ga ......................................................................................... 581 15.4. Scaled Residuals ................................................................................................................................ 582 15.5. Temperature Contours Near wall-4 .................................................................................................... 585 15.6. Contours of Surface Deposition Rate of ga ......................................................................................... 585 15.7. Contours of Surface Coverage of ga_s ................................................................................................ 587 15.8. Plot of Surface Deposition Rate of Ga ................................................................................................. 589 16.1. Problem Specification ....................................................................................................................... 592 16.2. Air-Blast Atomizer Mesh Display ........................................................................................................ 596 16.3. Scaled Residuals ................................................................................................................................ 611 16.4. Velocity Magnitude at Mid-Point of Atomizer Section ......................................................................... 614 16.5. Pathlines of Air in the Swirling Annular Stream ................................................................................... 617 16.6. Convergence History of Mass Fraction of ch3oh on Fluid .................................................................... 634 16.7. Convergence History of DPM Mass Source on Fluid ............................................................................ 635

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Tutorial Guide 16.8. Convergence History of Total Mass in Domain .................................................................................... 635 16.9. Convergence History of Evaporated Particle Mass .............................................................................. 636 16.10. Particle Tracks for the Spray Injection ............................................................................................... 638 16.11. Contours of DPM Temperature ......................................................................................................... 640 16.12. Contours of DPM Sauter Diameter ................................................................................................... 641 16.13. Vectors of DPM Mean Velocity Colored by DPM Velocity Magnitude .................................................. 643 16.14. Full Atomizer Display with Surface of Constant Methanol Mass Fraction ........................................... 646 16.15. Atomizer Display with Surface of Constant Methanol Mass Fraction Enhanced .................................. 647 17.1. Schematic of the Problem ................................................................................................................. 650 17.2. Default Display of the Nozzle Mesh .................................................................................................... 652 17.3. The Quadrilateral Mesh ..................................................................................................................... 653 17.4. Mesh Display of the Nozzle Mirrored and Upright .............................................................................. 656 17.5. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 6 μs .................................................................................... 679 17.6. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 12 μs ................................................................................... 680 17.7. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 18 μs ................................................................................... 680 17.8. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 24 μs ................................................................................... 681 17.9. Contours of Water Volume Fraction After 30 μs ................................................................................... 681 18.1. Problem Schematic ........................................................................................................................... 684 18.2. The Mesh in the Orifice ...................................................................................................................... 686 18.3. Contours of Static Pressure ................................................................................................................ 708 18.4. Mirrored View of Contours of Static Pressure ...................................................................................... 709 18.5. Contours of Turbulent Kinetic Energy ................................................................................................. 710 18.6. Contours of Vapor Volume Fraction .................................................................................................... 711 19.1. Problem Schematic ........................................................................................................................... 714 19.2. Mesh Display of the Mixing Tank ........................................................................................................ 716 19.3. Residual History ................................................................................................................................ 723 19.4. Contours of Air Volume Fraction on the XZ plane ............................................................................... 725 19.5. Contours of Air Volume Fraction on the z=0.08 plane ......................................................................... 726 19.6. Vectors of Water Velocity Magnitude on the XZ plane ......................................................................... 727 19.7. Vectors of Air Velocity Magnitude on the XZ plane ............................................................................. 728 20.1. Solidification in Czochralski Model .................................................................................................... 732 20.2. Mesh Display .................................................................................................................................... 734 20.3. Contours of Temperature for the Steady Conduction Solution ............................................................ 760 20.4. Contours of Temperature (Mushy Zone) for the Steady Conduction Solution ...................................... 762 20.5. Contours of Temperature at t=0.2 s .................................................................................................... 768 20.6. Contours of Stream Function at t=0.2 s .............................................................................................. 769 20.7. Contours of Liquid Fraction at t=0.2 s ................................................................................................. 770 20.8. Contours of Temperature at t=5 s ....................................................................................................... 771 20.9. Contours of Stream Function at t=5 s ................................................................................................. 772 20.10. Contours of Liquid Fraction at t=5 s ................................................................................................. 773 21.1. Problem Schematic ........................................................................................................................... 776 21.2. Mesh Display of the Fluidized Bed ..................................................................................................... 778 21.3. Initial Volume Fraction of Granular Phase (solids) ............................................................................... 806 21.4. Plot of Mixture-Averaged Heat Transfer Coefficient in the Cell Next to the Heated Wall Versus Time ..... 808 21.5. Contours of Static Pressure ................................................................................................................ 810 21.6. Contours of Volume Fraction of Solids ................................................................................................ 811 22.1. Problem Schematic ........................................................................................................................... 814 22.2. Velocity Magnitude on the Symmetry Plane ....................................................................................... 815 22.3. Contours of Total Displacement ......................................................................................................... 829 23.1. Problem Schematic ........................................................................................................................... 832 23.2. Steady-State Velocity Magnitude ....................................................................................................... 833

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Tutorial Guide 23.3. Duct with Mirroring .......................................................................................................................... 834 23.4.The Vertex Average Displacement of the Flap's Point Surface .............................................................. 860 23.5. Contours of Velocity Magnitude ........................................................................................................ 861 23.6. Contours of Total Displacement ......................................................................................................... 862 23.7. The Mesh of the Displaced Flap ......................................................................................................... 863 24.1. Mesh Close to the Cylinder Surface .................................................................................................... 867 24.2. Contours of Velocity Magnitude ........................................................................................................ 867 24.3. Adjoint Observables Dialog Box ........................................................................................................ 868 24.4. Manage Adjoint Observables Dialog Box ........................................................................................... 868 24.5. Create New Observable Dialog Box .................................................................................................... 869 24.6. Manage Observables Dialog Box ....................................................................................................... 870 24.7. Adjoint Observables Dialog Box ........................................................................................................ 871 24.8. Adjoint Solution Controls Dialog Box ................................................................................................. 872 24.9. Adjoint Residual Monitors Dialog Box ................................................................................................ 874 24.10. Run Adjoint Calculation Dialog Box .................................................................................................. 874 24.11. Residuals for the Converged Solution .............................................................................................. 875 24.12. Adjoint Reporting Dialog Box .......................................................................................................... 876 24.13. Contours Dialog Box When Plotting Adjoint Fields ........................................................................... 877 24.14. Adjoint Sensitivity to Body Force X-Component Contours ................................................................ 877 24.15. Vectors Dialog Box .......................................................................................................................... 878 24.16. Shape Sensitivity Colored by Sensitivity to Mass Sources (Cell Values) ............................................... 879 24.17. The Design Tool Dialog Box ............................................................................................................. 880 24.18. Morphing Region Around Cylinder .................................................................................................. 881 24.19. The Design Tool Dialog Box Objectives Tab ...................................................................................... 881 24.20. Morphing Preview of Cylinder ......................................................................................................... 888 24.21. Mesh After Deformation .................................................................................................................. 889 25.1. Schematic of the Battery Cell Problem ............................................................................................... 892 25.2. Model Options .................................................................................................................................. 895 25.3. Conductive Zones ............................................................................................................................. 896 25.4. Electric Contacts ............................................................................................................................... 897 25.5. Residual History of the Simulation ..................................................................................................... 908 25.6. Report Plot of Discharge Curve at 1 C ................................................................................................ 908 25.7. History of Maximum Temperature in the Domain ............................................................................... 909 25.8. Contour Plot of Phase Potential for the Positive Electrode .................................................................. 911 25.9. Contour Plot of Phase Potential for the Negative Electrode ................................................................. 913 25.10. Contour Plot of Phase Potential for Passive Zones ............................................................................. 915 25.11. Contour Plot of Temperature ........................................................................................................... 917 25.12. Vector Plot of Current Density .......................................................................................................... 919 25.13. NTGK Model: Discharge Curves ........................................................................................................ 921 25.14. NTGK Model: Maximum Temperature in the Domain ........................................................................ 921 25.15. Battery Pulse Discharge ................................................................................................................... 923 25.16. Internal Short Circuit Region Marked for Patching ............................................................................ 924 25.17. The Vector Plots of Current at the Positive Current Collectors ............................................................ 928 25.18. The Vector Plots of Current at the Negative Current Collectors .......................................................... 929 25.19. Contour Plot of Temperature ........................................................................................................... 930 26.1. Schematic of the Battery Pack Problem .............................................................................................. 936 26.2. Model Options .................................................................................................................................. 940 26.3. Conductive Zones ............................................................................................................................. 942 26.4. Electric Contacts ............................................................................................................................... 943 26.5. Residual History of the Simulation ..................................................................................................... 954 26.6. Surface Report Plot of Discharge Curve at 200W ................................................................................ 954

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Tutorial Guide 26.7. Volume Report Plot of Maximum Temperature in the Domain ............................................................ 955 26.8. Vector Plot of Current Density ............................................................................................................ 957 26.9. Contour Plot of Temperature ............................................................................................................. 959 26.10. Ohmic Heat Generation Rate ........................................................................................................... 961 26.11. Total Heat Generation Rate .............................................................................................................. 963 27.1. NACA0012 Structured C-Mesh Overview and Close-Up ...................................................................... 966 27.2. Scaled Residuals ................................................................................................................................ 970 27.3. Convergence of Lift and Drag Coefficients of the Clean Airfoil ............................................................ 971 27.4. The Residual Values ........................................................................................................................... 971 27.5. Convective Heat Flux over the Clean NACA0012 Airfoil ....................................................................... 972 27.6. Scaled Residuals ................................................................................................................................ 975 27.7. Convergence of Lift and Drag Coefficients of the Rough Airfoil ........................................................... 976 27.8. The Residual Values ........................................................................................................................... 977 27.9. Convective Heat Flux Over the Rough NACA0012 Airfoil ..................................................................... 977 27.10. Convergence of Residuals: Momentum, LWC and Average Residuals ................................................. 980 27.11. Convergence of Total Beta and Change in Total Beta Curves ............................................................. 981 27.12. Collection Efficiency of Monodispersed Droplets over a NACA0012 .................................................. 982 27.13. LWC of Monodispersed Droplets Around a NACA0012 ..................................................................... 983 27.14. Collection Efficiency of Droplets with Langmuir-D Distribution over a NACA0012 ............................. 986 27.15. LWC of Droplets with Langmuir-D Distribution Around a NACA0012 ................................................ 987 27.16. LWC of a Langmuir D Droplet Cloud over a NACA0012 at an AoA of 4 Degrees, Showing the Shadow Zone (Blue Region) ................................................................................................................................... 990 27.17. Collection Efficiency of a Langmuir D Droplet Cloud on the Surface of the Airfoil at an AoA of 4 Degrees ........................................................................................................................................................ 991 27.18. Collection Efficiency of a Langmuir D Droplet Cloud on the Surface of the Airfoil at an AoA of 4 Degrees ........................................................................................................................................................ 992 27.19. Collection Efficiency on the Surface of the Airfoil at an AoA of 4 Degrees, Langmuir D Droplet Solutions ......................................................................................................................................................... 995 27.20. Collection Efficiency on the Surface, Langmuir D vs. Monodisperse ................................................... 997 27.21. LWC Distribution and Shadow Zones for 44.4 Micron Droplets (Left) and 6.2 Micron Droplets (Right) ...................................................................................................................................................... 998 27.22. Mass Conservation Table Printed in the Log File of Fluent Icing ....................................................... 1000 27.23. Ice View in Viewmerical Showing Shaded + Wireframe, -25 °C ......................................................... 1001 27.24. Ice View in Viewmerical Showing Metallic + Smooth, , -7.5 °C .......................................................... 1002 27.25. Ice Shapes at -25, -10, and -7.5 C ..................................................................................................... 1003 27.26. Film Height Variation over the Ice at -25, -10, and -7.5 C .................................................................. 1004 27.27. Ice View with CFD-Post, Ice Cover ................................................................................................... 1007 27.28. Ice View in CFD-Post, Ice Cover with Display Mesh .......................................................................... 1008 27.29. Ice View in CFD-Post, Instantaneous Ice Growth over Ice Cover Surface ........................................... 1009 27.30. 2D-Plot in CFD-Post, Clean Wall Surface and Ice Cover Surface ........................................................ 1010 27.31. 2D-Plot in CFD-Post, Water Film Distribution ................................................................................... 1011 27.32. 3-Shots Ice Shape at -7.5 C ............................................................................................................. 1014 27.33. Ice Shapes at -7.5 C, Obtained Using One Shot and Three Shots Computations ................................ 1015 27.34. Ice View in CFD-Post, Final Ice Shape .............................................................................................. 1017 27.35. Ice View in CFD-Post, Instantaneous Ice Growth over Ice Cover Surface, Final Ice Shape ................... 1018 27.36. 2D-Plot in CFD-Post, Ice Shapes of the Multishot Simulation ........................................................... 1020 27.37. NACA0012 Structured C-Mesh Overview and Close-Up .................................................................. 1021 27.38. Scaled Residuals ............................................................................................................................ 1023 27.39. Convergence of Lift and Drag Coefficients of the Rough Airfoil ....................................................... 1024 27.40. The Residual Values ....................................................................................................................... 1025 27.41. Convective Heat Flux over the Clean NACA0012 Airfoil ................................................................... 1025

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Tutorial Guide 27.42. Scaled Residuals ............................................................................................................................ 1027 27.43. Convergence of Lift and Drag Coefficients of the Rough Airfoil ....................................................... 1028 27.44. The Residual Values ....................................................................................................................... 1029 27.45. Convective Heat Flux over the NACA0012 ...................................................................................... 1029

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List of Tables 1. Mini Flow Chart Symbol Descriptions ..................................................................................................... xxiv 5.1. Values for the Principle Direction Vectors ............................................................................................. 217 5.2. Values for the Viscous and Inertial Resistance ....................................................................................... 218 12.1. Meaning of Values ............................................................................................................................. 472 15.1. Selected Species ............................................................................................................................... 559 15.2. Selected Site and Solid Species .......................................................................................................... 561 15.3. Reaction Parameters ......................................................................................................................... 562 15.4. Properties of Species ......................................................................................................................... 565 15.5. Properties of Species ......................................................................................................................... 566 17.1. Ink Chamber Dimensions .................................................................................................................. 650 27.1. Simulation Flight Conditions ............................................................................................................. 967

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Using This Manual This preface is divided into the following sections: 1. What’s In This Manual 2. How To Use This Manual 3.Typographical Conventions Used In This Manual

1. What’s In This Manual The ANSYS Fluent Tutorial Guide contains a number of tutorials that teach you how to use ANSYS Fluent to solve different types of problems. In each tutorial, features related to problem setup and postprocessing are demonstrated.

2. How To Use This Manual Depending on your familiarity with computational fluid dynamics and the ANSYS Fluent software, you can use this tutorial guide in a variety of ways.

2.1. For the Beginner If you are a beginning user of ANSYS Fluent you should first read and solve Tutorial 1, in order to familiarize yourself with the interface and with basic setup and solution procedures. You may then want to try a tutorial that demonstrates features that you are going to use in your application. You may want to refer to other tutorials for instructions on using specific features, such as custom field functions, mesh scaling, and so on, even if the problem solved in the tutorial is not of particular interest to you.

2.2. For the Experienced User If you are an experienced ANSYS Fluent user, you can read and/or solve the tutorial(s) that demonstrate features that you are going to use in your application. You may want to refer to other tutorials for instructions on using specific features, such as custom field functions, mesh scaling, and so on, even if the problem solved in the tutorial is not of particular interest to you.

3. Typographical Conventions Used In This Manual Several typographical conventions are used in this manual’s text to help you find commands in the user interface. • Different type styles are used to indicate graphical user interface items and text interface items. For example: Iso-Surface dialog box surface/iso-surface text command

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xxiii

Using This Manual • The text interface type style is also used when illustrating exactly what appears on the screen to distinguish it from the narrative text. In this context, user inputs are typically shown in boldface. For example, solve/initialize/set-fmg-initialization Customize your FMG initialization: set the number of multigrid levels [5] set FMG parameters on levels .. residual reduction on level 1 is: [0.001] number of cycles on level 1 is: [10] 100 residual reduction on level 2 is: [0.001] number of cycles on level 2 is: [50] 100

• Mini flow charts are used to guide you through the ribbon or the tree, leading you to a specific option, dialog box, or task page. The following tables list the meaning of each symbol in the mini flow charts. Table 1: Mini Flow Chart Symbol Descriptions Symbol

Indicated Action Look at the ribbon Look at the tree Double-click to open task page Select from task page Right-click the preceding item

For example, Setting Up Domain → Mesh → Transform → Translate... indicates selecting the Setting Up Domain ribbon tab, clicking Transform (in the Mesh group box) and selecting Translate..., as indicated in the figure below:

And Setup → Models → Viscous

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Model → Realizable k-epsilon

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Typographical Conventions Used In This Manual indicates expanding the Setup and Models branches, right-clicking Viscous, and selecting Realizable k-epsilon from the Model sub-menu, as shown in the following figure:

And Setup →

Boundary Conditions →

velocity-inlet-5

indicates opening the task page as shown below:

In this manual, mini flow charts usually accompany a description of a dialog box or command, or a screen illustration showing how to use the dialog box or command. They show you how to quickly access a command or dialog box without having to search the surrounding material.

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Using This Manual • In-text references to File ribbon tab selections can be indicated using a “/”. For example File/Write/Case... indicates clicking the File ribbon tab and selecting Case... from the Write submenu (which opens the Select File dialog box).

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Chapter 1: Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow This tutorial is divided into the following sections: 1.1. Introduction 1.2. Prerequisites 1.3. Problem Description 1.4. Setup and Solution 1.5. Summary

1.1. Introduction This tutorial illustrates the setup and solution of a three-dimensional turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer problem in a mixing elbow. The mixing elbow configuration is encountered in piping systems in power plants and process industries. It is often important to predict the flow field and temperature field in the area of the mixing region in order to properly design the junction. This tutorial demonstrates how to do the following: • Use the Watertight Geometry guided workflow to: – Import a CAD geometry – Generate a surface mesh – Decribe the geometry – Generate a volume mesh • Launch ANSYS Fluent. • Read an existing mesh file into ANSYS Fluent. • Use mixed units to define the geometry and fluid properties. • Set material properties and boundary conditions for a turbulent forced-convection problem. • Create a surface report definition and use it as a convergence criterion. • Calculate a solution using the pressure-based solver. • Visually examine the flow and temperature fields using the postprocessing tools available in ANSYS Fluent. • Change the solver method to coupled in order to increase the convergence speed.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow • Adapt the mesh based on the temperature gradient to further improve the prediction of the temperature field.

1.2. Prerequisites This tutorial assumes that you have little or no experience with ANSYS Fluent, and so each step will be explicitly described.

1.3. Problem Description The problem to be considered is shown schematically in Figure 1.1: Problem Specification (p. 3). A cold fluid at 20° C flows into the pipe through a large inlet, and mixes with a warmer fluid at 40° C that enters through a smaller inlet located at the elbow. The pipe dimensions are in inches and the fluid properties and boundary conditions are given in SI units. The Reynolds number for the flow at the larger inlet is 50,800, so a turbulent flow model will be required.

Note: Since the geometry of the mixing elbow is symmetric, only half of the elbow must be modeled in ANSYS Fluent.

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Setup and Solution Figure 1.1: Problem Specification

1.4. Setup and Solution To help you quickly identify graphical user interface items at a glance and guide you through the steps of setting up and running your simulation, the ANSYS Fluent Tutorial Guide uses several type styles and mini flow charts. See Typographical Conventions Used In This Manual (p. xxiii) for detailed information. The following sections describe the setup and solution steps for running this tutorial in serial: 1.4.1. Preparation 1.4.2. Launching ANSYS Fluent 1.4.3. Meshing Workflow 1.4.4. Setting Up Domain 1.4.5. Setting Up Physics 1.4.6. Solving 1.4.7. Displaying the Preliminary Solution 1.4.8. Adapting the Mesh

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

1.4.1. Preparation 1.

Download the introduction.zip file here.

2.

Unzip introduction.zip to your working directory.

3.

The SpaceClaim CAD file elbow.scdoc can be found in the folder. In addition, the elbow.pmdb file is available for use on the Linux platform.

Note: ANSYS Fluent tutorials are prepared using ANSYS Fluent on a Windows system. The screen shots and graphic images in the tutorials may be slightly different than the appearance on your system, depending on the operating system and/or graphics card.

1.4.2. Launching ANSYS Fluent 1. From the Windows Start menu, select Start > ANSYS 2020 R2 > Fluid Dynamics > Fluent 2020 R2 to start Fluent Launcher. Fluent Launcher allows you to decide which version of ANSYS Fluent you will use, based on your geometry and on your processing capabilities.

2. Ensure that the proper options are enabled.

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Setup and Solution a. Ensure that the Double Precision option is selected. b. Ensure that the Display Mesh After Reading option is enabled. c. Set Processes to 4 under the Parallel (local Machine).

Note: Fluent will retain your preferences for future sessions.

3. Set the working folder to the one created when you unzipped introduction.zip. a. Click the Show More Options button to reveal additional options. b. Enter the path to your working folder for Working Directory by double-clicking the text box and typing. Alternatively, you can click the browse button ( ) next to the Working Directory text box and browse to the directory, using the Browse For Folder dialog box.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

4. Click OK to launch ANSYS Fluent.

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Setup and Solution

1.4.3. Meshing Workflow 1. Start the meshing workflow. a. In the Workflow tab, select the Watertight Geometry workflow.

b. Review the tasks of the workflow.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

Each task is designated with an icon indicating its state (for example, as complete, incomplete, etc. All tasks are initially incomplete and you proceed through the workflow completing all tasks. Additional tasks are also available for the workflow. 2. Import the CAD geometry (elbow.scdoc). a. Select the Import Geometry task. b. For Units, select in from the drop-down list.

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Setup and Solution c. For File Name, enter the path and file name for the CAD geometry that you want to import (elbow.scdoc).

Note: The workflow only supports *.scdoc (SpaceClaim), Workbench (.agdb), and the intermediary *.pmdb file formats.

d. Select Import Geometry. This will update the task, display the geometry in the graphics window, and allow you to proceed onto the next task in the workflow.

Note: Alternatively, you can use the … button next to File Name to locate the CAD geometry file, after which, the Import Geometry task automatically updates, displaying the geometry in the graphics window, and the workflow automatically progresses to the next task. Throughout the workflow, you are able to return to a task and change its settings using either the Edit button, or the Revert and Edit button. 3. Add local sizing. a. In the Add Local Sizing task, you are prompted as to whether or not you would like to add local sizing controls to the faceted geometry.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow b. For the purposes of this tutorial, you can keep the default setting of no. c. Click Update to complete this task and proceed to the next task in the workflow. 4. Generate the surface mesh. a. In the Generate the Surface Mesh task, you can set various properties of the surface mesh for the faceted geometry.

b. Specify 0.3 for Maximum Size.

Note: The red boxes displayed on the geometry in the graphics window are a graphical representation of size settings. These boxes change size as the values change, and they can be hidden by using the Clear Preview button.

c. Click Generate the Surface Mesh to complete this task and proceed to the next task in the workflow. 5. Describe the geometry. When you select the Describe Geometry task, you are prompted with questions relating to the nature of the imported geometry.

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Setup and Solution

a. Since the geometry defined the fluid region. Select The geometry consists of only fluid regions with no voids for Geometry Type. b. Click Describe Geometry to complete this task and proceed to the next task in the workflow. 6. Update Boundaries Task

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

a. For the Select Type field, select label. b. For the wall-inlet boundary, change the Boundary Type field to wall. c. Click Update Boundaries to complete this task and proceed to the next task in the workflow. 7. Update your regions.

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Setup and Solution

a. Select the Update Regions task, where you can review the names and types of the various regions that have been generated from your imported geometry, and change them as needed. b. Keep the default settings, and click Update Regions. 8. Add Boundary Layers.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

a. Select the Add Boundary Layers task, where you can set properties of the boundary layer mesh. b. Keep the default settings, and click Add Boundary Layers. 9. Generate the volume mesh.

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Setup and Solution

a. Select the Generate the Volume Mesh task, where you can set properties of the volume mesh. b. Select the poly-hexcore for Fill With. c. Specify 0.2614419 for Max Cell Length d. Click Generate the Volume Mesh. ANSYS Fluent will apply your settings and proceed to generate a volume mesh for the manifold geometry. Once complete, the mesh is displayed in the graphics window and a clipping plane is automatically inserted with a layer of cells drawn so that you can quickly see the details of the volume mesh.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow 11. Save the mesh file (elbow.msh.gz). File → Write → Mesh... 12. Switch to Solution mode. Now that a high-quality mesh has been generated using ANSYS Fluent in meshing mode, you can now switch to solver mode to complete the set up of the simulation.

We have just checked the mesh, so select Yes when prompted to switch to solution mode.

1.4.4. Setting Up Domain In this step, you will perform the mesh-related activities using the Domain ribbon tab (Mesh group box).

1. Check the mesh. Domain → Mesh → Check → Perform Mesh Check ANSYS Fluent will report the results of the mesh check in the console. DDomain Extents: x-coordinate: min (m) = -2.000000e-01, max (m) = 2.000000e-01 y-coordinate: min (m) = -2.250000e-01, max (m) = 2.000000e-01 z-coordinate: min (m) = 0.000000e+00, max (m) = 4.992264e-02 Volume statistics: minimum volume (m3): 2.415799e-10 maximum volume (m3): 5.192977e-07 total volume (m3): 2.500664e-03 Face area statistics: minimum face area (m2): 2.244525e-08 maximum face area (m2): 7.769212e-05 Checking mesh.................................... Done.

The mesh check will list the minimum and maximum x, y, and z values from the mesh in the default SI unit of meters. It will also report a number of other mesh features that are checked. Any errors

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Setup and Solution in the mesh will be reported at this time. Ensure that the minimum volume is not negative, since ANSYS Fluent cannot begin a calculation when this is the case.

Note: The minimum and maximum values may vary slightly when running on different platforms.

2. Set the working units for the mesh. Domain → Mesh → Scale...

a. Select in from the View Length Unit In drop-down list to set inches as the working unit for length. b. Confirm that the domain extents are as shown in the previous dialog box. c. Close the Scale Mesh dialog box. The working unit for length has now been set to inches.

Note: Because the default SI units will be used for everything except length, there is no need to change any other units in this problem. The choice of inches for the unit of length has been made by the actions you have just taken. If you want a different working unit for length, other than inches (for example, millimeters), click Units... in the Domain

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

ribbon tab (Mesh group box) and make the appropriate change in the Set Units dialog box.

1.4.5. Setting Up Physics In the steps that follow, you will select a solver and specify physical models, material properties, and zone conditions for your simulation using the Physics ribbon tab. 1. In the Solver group box of the Physics ribbon tab, retain the default selection of the steady pressurebased solver. Physics → Solver → General

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Setup and Solution

2. Set up your models for the CFD simulation using the Models group box of the Physics ribbon tab.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

Note: You can also use the Models task page, which can be accessed from the tree by expanding Setup and double-clicking the Models tree item. a. Enable heat transfer by activating the energy equation. In the Physics ribbon tab, enable Energy (Models group box). Physics → Models → Energy

Note: You can also double-click the Setup/Models/Energy tree item and enable the energy equation in the Energy dialog box.

b. Enable the -

turbulence model.

Physics → Models → Viscous...

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Setup and Solution

i.

Retain the default selection of k-omega from the Model list.

ii. Retain the default selection of SST in the k-omega Model group box. iii. Click OK to accept all the other default settings and close the Viscous Model dialog box.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow Note that the Viscous... label in the ribbon is displayed in blue to indicate that the Viscous model is enabled. Also Energy and Viscous appear as enabled under the Setup/Models tree branch.

Note: While the ribbon is the primary tool for setting up and solving your problem, the tree is a dynamic representation of your case. The models, materials, conditions, and other settings that you have specified in your problem will appear in the tree. Many of the frequently used ribbon items are also available via the right-click functionality of the tree.

3. Set up the materials for the CFD simulation using the Materials group box of the Physics ribbon tab.

Create a new material called water using the Create/Edit Materials dialog box. a. In the Physics ribbon tab, click Create/Edit... (Materials group box). Physics → Materials → Create/Edit...

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Setup and Solution b. Click the Fluent Database... button to access pre-defined materials. c. Select water-liquid (h2o < l >) from the Fluent Fluid Materials selection list and click Copy, then close the Fluent Database Materials dialog box.

d. Ensure that there are now two materials (water-liquid and air) defined locally by examining the Fluent Fluid Materials drop-down list. Both the materials will also be listed under Fluid in the Materials task page and under the Materials tree branch. e. Close the Create/Edit Materials dialog box. 4. Set up the cell zone conditions for the fluid zone (fluid) using the Zones group box of the Physics ribbon tab.

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a. In the Physics tab, click Cell Zones (Zones group box). Physics → Zones → Cell Zones This opens the Cell Zone Conditions task page.

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Setup and Solution

b. Double-click fluid in the Zone list to open the Fluid dialog box.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

Note: You can also double-click the Setup/Cell Zone Conditions/fluid tree item in order to open the corresponding dialog box.

c. Select water-liquid from the Material Name drop-down list. d. Click Apply and close the Fluid dialog box. 5. Set up the boundary conditions for the inlets, outlet, and walls for your CFD analysis using the Zones group box of the Physics ribbon tab.

a. In the Physics tab, click Boundaries (Zones group box). Physics → Zones → Boundaries This opens the Boundary Conditions task page where the boundaries defined in your simulation are displayed in the Zone selection list.

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Setup and Solution

Note: To display boundary zones grouped by zone type (as shown previously), click the Toggle Tree View button ( ) in the upper right corner of the Boundary Conditions task page and select Zone Type under Group By. Here the zones have names that were previously given during the meshing process. It is good practice to give boundaries meaningful names in a meshing application to help when you set up the model. You can also change boundary names in Fluent by simply editing the boundary and making revisions in the Zone Name text box. b. Set the boundary conditions at the cold inlet (cold-inlet).

Tip: If you are unsure of which inlet zone corresponds to the cold inlet, you can probe the mesh display using the right mouse button or the probe toolbar button ( ) as described previously in this tutorial. The information will be displayed in the ANSYS Fluent console, and the zone you probed will be automatically selected from the Zone selection list in the Boundary Conditions task page. i.

Double-click cold-inlet to open the Velocity Inlet dialog box.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow ii. Retain the default selection of Magnitude, Normal to Boundary from the Velocity Specification Method drop-down list. iii. Enter 0.4 [m/s] for Velocity Magnitude. iv. In the Turbulence group box, select Intensity and Hydraulic Diameter from the Specification Method drop-down list. v. Retain the default value of 5 [%] for Turbulent Intensity. vi. Enter 4 [inches] for Hydraulic Diameter. The hydraulic diameter

where

is defined as:

is the cross-sectional area and

is the wetted perimeter.

vii. Click the Thermal tab.

viii.Enter 293.15 [K] for Temperature.

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Setup and Solution ix. Click Apply and close the Velocity Inlet dialog box.

Note: You can also access the Velocity Inlet dialog box by double-clicking the Setup/Boundary Conditions/cold-inlet tree item.

c. In a similar manner, set the boundary conditions at the hot inlet (hot-inlet), using the values in the following table: Setting

Value

Velocity Specification Method

Magnitude, Normal to Boundary

Velocity Magnitude

1.2 [m/s]

Specification Method

Intensity and Hydraulic Diameter

Turbulent Intensity

5 [%]

Hydraulic Diameter

1 [inch]

Temperature

313.15 [K]

d. Double-click outlet in the Zone selection list and set the boundary conditions at the outlet, as shown in the following figure.

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow

Note: • You do not need to set a backflow temperature in this case (in the Thermal tab) because the material properties are not functions of temperature. If they were, a flowweighted average of the inlet conditions would be a good starting value. • ANSYS Fluent will use the backflow conditions only if the fluid is flowing into the computational domain through the outlet. Since backflow might occur at some point during the solution procedure, you should set reasonable backflow conditions to prevent convergence from being adversely affected.

e. For the wall of the elbow (wall-elbow) and the wall of the hot inlet (wall-inlet), retain the default value of 0 W/m2 for Heat Flux in the Thermal tab.

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Setup and Solution

1.4.6. Solving In the steps that follow, you will set up and run the calculation using the Solution ribbon tab.

Note: You can also use the task pages listed under the Solution tree branch to perform solutionrelated activities. 1. Select a solver scheme. a. In the Solution ribbon tab, click Methods... (Solution group box).

Solution → Solution → Methods...

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b. Retain the default selections. 2. Enable the plotting of residuals during the calculation. a. In the Solution ribbon tab, click Residuals... (Reports group box).

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Setup and Solution

Solution → Reports → Residuals...

Note: You can also access the Residual Monitors dialog box by double-clicking the Solution/Monitors/Residual tree item.

b. Ensure that Plot is enabled in the Options group box. c. Retain the default value of 0.001 for the Absolute Criteria of continuity. d. Click OK to close the Residual Monitors dialog box.

Note: By default, the residuals of all of the equations solved for the physical models enabled for your case will be monitored and checked by ANSYS Fluent as a means to determine the convergence of the solution. It is a good practice to also create and plot a surface

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report definition that can help evaluate whether the solution is truly converged. You will do this in the next step.

3. Create a surface report definition of average temperature at the outlet (outlet). Solution → Reports → Definitions → New → Surface Report → Mass-Weighted Average...

Note: You can also access the Surface Report Definition dialog box by right-clicking Report Definitions in the tree (under Solution) and selecting New/Surface Report/MassWeighted Average... from the menu that opens. a. Enter outlet-temp-avg for the Name of the report definition.

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Setup and Solution b. Enable Report File, Report Plot, and Print to Console in the Create group box. During a solution run, ANSYS Fluent will write solution convergence data in a report file, plot the solution convergence history in a graphics window, and print the value of the report definition to the console. c. Set Frequency to 3 by clicking the up-arrow button. This setting instructs ANSYS Fluent to update the plot of the surface report, write data to a file, and print data in the console after every 3 iterations during the solution. d. Select Temperature... and Static Temperature from the Field Variable drop-down lists. e. Select outlet from the Surfaces selection list. f.

Click OK to save the surface report definition and close the Surface Report Definition dialog box. The new surface report definition outlet-temp-avg will appear under the Solution/Report Definitions tree item. ANSYS Fluent also automatically creates the following items: • outlet-temp-avg-rfile (under the Solution/Monitors/Report Files tree branch) • outlet-temp-avg-rplot (under the Solution/Monitors/Report Plots tree branch)

4. Examine the report file settings of the created report definition (outlet-temp-avg-rfile). Solution → Monitors → Report Files → outlet-temp-avg-rfile

Edit...

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Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Mixing Elbow The Edit Report File dialog box is automatically populated with data from the outlet-temp-avg report definition. a. Verify that outlet-temp-avg is in the Selected Report Definitions list. If you had created multiple report definitions, the additional ones would be listed under Available Report Definitions , and you could use the Add>> and