Angl 9-rd Harcatoms [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

Examination Card 1 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

Washington is an administrative city without much industry. It is considered to be one –industry city and that industry is government. It was built specially to be the seat of the government and was called Washington after the first President of the United States George Washington. In 1971 George Washington chose the place for a capital city. He thought it was a good place because the Potomac River was deep enough for ships to come to the city. Washington was first settled in 1790. In 1800 it became the federal capital. Washington is not a typical American city. It has no skyscrapers and nobody will build a house higher than the Capitol, which is the building where the Congress meets. Like any other capital Washington meets millions of tourists from different countries and all parts of the USA. They come to see the Capitol and the White House, which is the official residence of the President, the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument, the Library of Congress and Kennedy Center and other monuments to those who struggled to make an English colony a free country. The Library of Congress is the largest library in the USA. It contains millions of books, manuscripts and personal papers of the US presidents. There are five universities in Washington. Washington is not only the city where the President lives and works. It is the city where you think about the glorious history of the USA.

1. Is Washington considered to be one –industry city? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who chose the place for a capital city? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. When did it become the federal capital? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Is there a Library in Washington? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II.

Write the verbs in the right tense form.

In London it doesn’t often snow, but when it (1) _______________, life becomes very difficult for everyone. (to do) Cars have to go very slowly because the roads (2) _______________ in ice and wet snow. (to be covered) There

(3) _______________ traffic jams and lots of people arrive late

for work. (to be) The snow usually melts quickly and this (4) _______________ the pavements dangerous

and

unpleasant

to

walk

on.

(5) _______________the snow. (to like)

1

(to

make)

Only

children

really

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English.

1. Երբ պարոն Սմիթը ներս մտավ, նա ծանոթացրեց ինձ նրա հետ: ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Անին չի կարողանում բացել պատուհանը, այնպես չէ՞: ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Մենք հանդիպել ենք Մերիի հետ երկու տարի առաջ: ___________________________________________________________________________________

4. Երեխաներին չի թույլատրվում զբոսանքի գնալ առանց ծնողների: ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Այգու աշխատանքը պետք է ավարտել երկու օրում: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. Shopping

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2

Examination Card 2 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

It is quite evident that a person should know a foreign language. Knowing a foreign language helps you to appreciate a new literature and a new culture. It makes possible to get acquainted with a different way of thinking and to understand a new civilization. A lot of people in different parts of the world speak several languages. The knowledge of foreign languages helps people of different countries to communicate easily without any interpreters. English is now the most widespread language. People all over the world speak English as native, official or second language. It is also used by different international professions such as aviation, sports, business. It is the most important language in trade, culture, science and politics. It is the working language of modern technologies. If you know English you can communicate with the world by computer. 1. Why should a person know a foreign language? _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The word different is synonymous to _______________________________________________________. 3. Is English the most widespread language? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the main idea of the text?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

An Englishman who was in France for a short visit (1) _______________ to go back to England. (to want) He (2) _______________ enough money to pay only for the ticket. (to have) As he knew that the trip (3) _______________ only two days (to take) , he decided that he could live without eating those two days. So he (4) _______________ a ticket and got on the ship. (to buy) When dinner time (5) _______________, he was very hungry, but he said he wasn’t hungry. (to come)

3

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English.

1. Եթե Ջորջը զանգի ինձ այսօր ես կպատմեմ նրան այդ մասին: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Որտե՞ղ եք ցանկանում նշել ձեր տղայի ծննդյան տարեդարձը: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

3. Մենք վաղը երեկոյան կկարողանաք մասնակցել այդ հանդիպմանը: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Այս ամրոցը կվերանորոգվի հաջորդ տարի: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Մենք կհասցնենք ավարտել այդ աշխատանքը ժա-մանակին: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. Seasons and Weather

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4

Examination Card 3 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it. Henry Ford (1863-1947) is an American industrialist, best known for his pioneering achievements in the motor vehicle industry. Ford was born on a farm near Dearborn, Michigan, on July 30. He became a machinist’s apprentice in Detroit at the age of 16. From 1888 to 1899 he was a mechanical engineer, and later chief engineer , with the Edison Illuminating Company. In 1893, after experimenting for several years in his leisure hours, he completed the construction of his first car, and in 1903 he founded the Ford Motor Company. In 1913 Ford began using standardized interchangeable parts and assembly—line techniques in his plant. Although Ford neither originated nor was the first to employ such practices, integral to the factory system, he was chiefly responsible for their general adoption and for the consequent great expansion of American industry.

1. Who is Henry Ford?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. When did he he found the Ford Motor Company?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is stated in paragraph 2?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The word chiefly is synonymous to __________________________________________________________.

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. George Gershwin (1)_________ up in New York City, and he first made his living playing popular music on the piano in “Tin Pan Alley”. (to grew) It was there that he (2)_________ a strong feel for the popular music of the time that served as a basis for the popular songs that he composed. (to develop) In addition to his love of popular songs, he (3)_________ jazz (to enjoy). He believed that jazz (4)_________

the primary source of

truly American folk music. (to be) Gershwin (5)_________ that jazz could serve as the basis for serious symphonic works. (to believe)

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1. Ե՞րբ է վերանորոգվելու թատրոնի շենքը:

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5

2. Եթե դու կցանկանաս գնալ այգի, ես կգամ քեզ հետ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Բոլորը համաձայն են մեր առաջարկի հետ, այդպես չէ՞:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Կարծում եմ՝ դու կկարողանաս սովորել այդ պարը մեկ տարում:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

5.

Ջորջը արդեն պատասխանել է նրանց նամակին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My family

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

6

Examination Card 4 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

Oxford and Cambridge are the most prestigious universities in Britain. People from all over the world come to get education here. Though both universities are independent they are very often called collectively Oxbridge. Oxford and Cambridge universities consist of a number of colleges. Each college is different. Each of them has a special name. Each college is governed by a master. The largest one have more than 400 members, the smallest college have less than 30. Each college offers teaching in a wide range of courses. Each college has a chapel, a dining hall, a library, rooms for undergraduates and rooms for teaching purposes. The students’ life is characterized by sporting activities and a large number of students’ societies and clubs for any interest. Besides the undergraduates have a special weekly newspaper, which reports on everything of interest and the most important events. 1. What kind of universities are Oxford and Cambridge?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why do people come to learn here?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Do they consist of a number of colleges?

________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the main idea of the text?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II.

Write the verbs in the right tense form. Residents in the Blackwood (1)_________ last night that they should have been warned about the escape of

a dangerous snake. (to complain) The snake, a python, (2)_________ three meters long, and can kill pets. (to be) “ I (3)_________ about it on the radio,” said Mrs. Agnes. (to hear)

Mr. Hart, the director of the Zoo said

that people needn’t have alarmed. “A local radio station must have mixed up its reports,” he (4)_________. (go on) “We found Lulu few minutes after we (5)_________ her. (to miss) So you see, you should never believe silly stories you hear on the radio! 7

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Այս տեքստը այնքան անհետաքրքիր էր, որքան նախորդը: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

2. Մի՛ անհանգստացեք, Ձեզ կտեղեկացնեն այդ մասին նախապես:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Տատիկս թխվածք էր պատրաստում, երբ մենք եկանք: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Այս փոքրիկները այդ մուլտֆիլմը դիտել են մի քանի անգամ: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

5. Դուք ամառային արձակուրդներին գնալու եք ծովափ, այդպես չէ՞: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. Washington

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________

8

Examination Card 5 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it. There is no one who hasn’t heard of Walt Disney; he is one of the most famous figures in the twentieth century and yet most people hardly know anything about him. Although he became one of the most successful men in history, he left school at the age of sixteen and then studied art for a short time. By the early years of this century, he had already started to produce cartoons in Hollywood in partnership with his brother Roy, who, for some reason, never managed to become as famous as Walt. Disney is perhaps most well known on account of his lovable cartoon character, Mickey Mouse, who first appeared in 1928 in a film called Steamboat Willie. One of the most popular cartoon films of all time is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs which was the first full-length cartoon in the history of the cinema. By the 1950s, Walt Disney had become one of the world’s major producers of films for cinema and television. He also published books for children. 1. What do you know about Walt Disney?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. When did he start to produce cartoons?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word famous is synonymous to______________________________________________________ 4. Did he produce films?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

When Mr. Brown retired, he (1) ___________ a small cottage in a seaside village. (to buy) The cottage (2) ___________ in fifteen eighty eight, but was in a good condition. (to be built) Mr. Brown was looking forward to a quiet life, but in the summer holidays he (3) ___________ a shock. (to get) Hundreds of tourists came to the seaside village. Mr. Brown's cottage (4) ___________ the most interesting building in the village and many of the tourists came to see it. (to be) From morning till night there were tourists outside the cottage.They kept looking through the windows and many of them even (5) ___________ into Mr. Brown's garden. (to go) III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English.

1. Եղբայրս չի կարող գալ մեզ հետ այդ քննարկմանը: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 9

2. Արդեն շատ ուշ էր, բայց մենք դեռ չէինք ավարտել մեր աշխատանքը: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Այս փոքրիկ քաղաքը հայտնի է իր հնագույն պատմությամբ: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Պարոն Ադամսը սովորաբար ժամանակին է գալիս: Նա չի ուշանում: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Եթե անձրևը դադարի, մենք կգնանք զբոսանքի միասին: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. The United States of America

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

10

Examination Card 6 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it. On the first day of the New Year, people put on new clothes to symbolize the discarding of the old year and its misfortunes. Then they give gifts to friends and relatives. These usually include special rice flour cakes and fruits. Many adults, particularly married ones, also follow an ancient custom of giving small red packets of money to children, unmarried adults, and employees or servants. Among the most spectacular festivities of Chinese New Year are the dragon and lion dances. As many as 50 or more people support long paper dragons and lions while dancing in processions down city streets. The dancers perform to the beating of gongs and drums, while other celebrants perform acrobatic displays. Some of the performers may occasionally reach up to take red money packets or fruits and vegetables hung from store-fronts. The celebrations end with the lantern festival, an event in which merchants hang lighted paper lanterns outside their shops. Many of the lanterns rotate with the heat of the candles they contain. Children often parade through the streets during the lantern festival, carrying lanterns of various shapes and patterns. 1. Why do people put on new clothes on the first day of the New Year? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The word particularly may best be replaced by _________________________________________. 3. What are the most spectacular festivies of Chinese New Year? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. How do the celebrations end? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

Long ago in England, candles (1) ____________to (2) ____________

into twelve

parts

by

colours

tell time (to be used). Each candle

or by

notches (to be divided). People

(3) ____________ how long it took for the candle to burn down to a notch or to a new colour (to know). When three parts of the candle (4) ____________ down, an hour

had

passed by

(to burn). Each candle lasted four hours. Six candles (5) ____________ from one sunrise until the next (to last). III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English.

1.

Դպրոցի տնօրենը շատ գոհ էր մեր կատարած աշխատանքից: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

11

2. Եթե ձյունը չդադարի, մենք չենք կարողանա դուրս գալ: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Ո՞վ կկարողանա թարգմանել այս տեքստը առանց բառարանի: ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Կարծում եմ՝ դուք շատ հեշտությամբ կկարողանաք սովորել անգլերեն: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Այստեղ բնությունը շատ գեղեցիկ է: Մենք լավ կհանգստանանք: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Winter Holidays

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12

Examination Card 7 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

According to legend tea has been known in China since about 2700 BC. For millennia it was a medicinal beverage obtained by boiling fresh leaves in water, but around the 3rd century AD it became a daily drink, and tea cultivation and processing began. The first published account of methods of planting, processing and drinking came in 350 AD. Around 800 the first seeds were brought to Japan, where cultivation became established by the 13th century. The Chinese from Amoy brought tea cultivation to the island of Formosa (Taiwan) in 1810. Tea cultivation in Java began under the Dutch , who brought seeds from Japan in 1826 and workers, and implements from China in 1833. In 1824 tea plants were discovered in the hills along the frontier between Burma and the Indian state of Assam. The British introduced tea culture into India in 1836 and into Ceylon (Sri Lanka) in 1867. At first they used seeds from China, but later seeds from the Assam plant were used.

1. What is stated in paragraph 1? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. When were tea plants discovered? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. How did tea cultivation in Java begin? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. When did the British introduce tea culture into India? ________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. It (1) ______________ a typical summer afternoon; (to be) the sun (2) __________, the cars were creeping slowly round the corner of the park. (to shine) Five or six children (3) ______________, near the fountain. (to play) All the world was wearing shorts or T-shirts , or bathing costumes; yet Walter Harrison, sitting on a park bench in his overcoat, was feeling cold and lonely. “When will it all end?” he (4) ______________. (to think) After a few minutes, he (5) ______________ up and walked through the park gates. (to get) His adventure was about to begin.

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Տիկին Նելլին տանը կլինի երկու ժամից, այնպես չէ՞:

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 13

1.

Ի՞նչ էիր կարդում Թոմի մասին, երբ ես ներս մտա:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Մեր հյուրերը համաձայնվեցին մասնակցել այդ քննարկմանը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Աննայի մայրը վստահ է, որ նա լավ կհանձնի իր քննությունները:

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Ես ոչինչ չկարողացա ուտել՝ չնայած որ շատ քաղցած էի:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. Seasons and Weather

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

14

Examination Card 8 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

One of the most spectacular sights in the entire U.S. is the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River. The Canyon is 217 miles long, and it is more than one mile deep. It varies in width from four to eighteen miles. The Canyon walls were cut by the Colorado River. You can see many plant and animal fossils in these walls. Today plant and animal life in the Canyon is abundant and varied. The first Europeans to see the Canyon were Spaniards. They were members of the expedition that came to the Canyon area in 1540. These first European visitors were guided by native Indians. Today, Indians occupy much of the land around the Grand Canyon and live on reservations just east of the Park. In the year 1919, President Wilson established the Grand Canyon National Park in order to protect and preserve the Park’s land and wildlife. President Wilson said that the Grand Canyon was the one sight that every American should see. Today, many Americans and foreigners visit the Grand Canyon – one of the nature’s finest monuments.

1. How long is Grand Canyon? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. By what were the Canyon walls cut? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word many is synonymous to __________________________________________________________.

4. Who were Spaniards? ________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

The parachute (1)_________ first by Leonardo da Vinci in 1485. (to be designed) It is not known whether his parachute (2)_________ actually used at that time. (to be) The first parachute descent (3)_________ over three hundred years later. (to take place) It (4)_________ by Jacques Garnerin. (to be made) This parachute was shaped like an umbrella and was actually attached to a balloon. When Garnerin (5)_________ the height of about 1,000 metres, he simply pulled a cord, and the balloon was detached from the parachute. (to reach)

15

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1. Այս զգեստը շատ ավելի փոքր է, քան նախորդը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Եթե դու ժամանակին չգաս, մենք կգնանք առանց քեզ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

3. Ոչ ոք չի կարող վերանորոգել այս նստարանը, այդպես չէ՞:

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Չափազանց դժվար կլինի ավարտել այս աշխատանքը մեկ շաբաթում:

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Ես կարծում եմ, որ նրանք հաճույքով կօգնեն մեզ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. London

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

16

Examination Card 9 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it. My interest in Chinese food started many years ago, when I had my first job. The first time I ever ate Chinese food I loved it. And since then, it just tastes better and better to me. The first thing I noticed was the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables. When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why it has this unique feature. About 5000 years ago, China lost much of its wood because of over population and poor management of its forests. This loss was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food. Wood became very expensive and hard to get, so the Chinese had to either find a substitute for their valuable wood, or learn how to use it better. In order to economize in cooking, they had to use very little wood. So they started cutting their meat and vegetables into small pieces before they put them in the hot oil. That way the food cooked faster and they saved their fuel. The food prepared in this manner kept its fresh flavor – and it’s this flavor that attracts people to the art of Chinese cooking.

1. What was the first thing the author noticed about Chinese food? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did China lose much of its wood? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word hard is synonymous to ___________________________________________________________. 4. How did they try to economize in cooking? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

Mobile phones (1)__________ different things to different people. (to mean) The information about who uses them (2)__________ of great interest to the companies that produce them. (to be) One leading manufacturer (3)__________ customers into the following categories. (to divide) First, there are the ‘rational’ buyers who (4)__________ their phones for e-mail and Internet access, as well as making calls. (to use) The second category, the so-called ‘stylish’, (5)__________ more attention to its style and appearance. (to pay)

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Այսօր թանգարանները կաշխատեն մինչև ուշ գիշեր: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

17

2. Արդեն շատ ուշ էր, բայց Թոմը դեռ չէր ավարտել այդ աշխատանքը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Մեր

ուսուցչուհին

շատ

էր

հավանել

իմ

գրած

շարադրությունը:

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Մեր խումբը կմեկնի ԱՄՆ հաջոր տարի:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Նրանք շտապում էին, քանի որ վախենում էին ուշանալ գնացքից:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Favourite Book

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

18

Examination Card 10 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

There is no one who hasn’t heard of Walt Disney; he is one of the most famous figures in the twentieth century and yet most people hardly know anything about him. Although he became one of the most successful men in history, he left school at the age of sixteen and then studied art for a short time. By the early years of this century, he had already started to produce cartoons in Hollywood in partnership with his brother Roy, who, for some reason, never managed to become as famous as Walt. Disney is perhaps most well known on account of his lovable cartoon character, Mickey Mouse, who first appeared in 1928 in a film called Steamboat Willie. One of the most popular cartoon films of all time is Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs which was the first full-length cartoon in the history of the cinema. By the 1950s, Walt Disney had become one of the world’s major producers of films for cinema and television. He also published books for children. 1. What do you know about Walt Disney? _______________________________________________________________________________________

2. When did he start to produce cartoons? _______________________________________________________________________________________

3. The word famous is synonymous to__________________________________________________________.

4. Did Walt Disney produce films? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

Umbrellas first (1)_________ in China about 3000 years ago. (to appear) In ancient China and Egypt, umbrellas (2)_________ symbols of rank. (to be considered ) Important people often (3)_________ umbrellas, (to have) covered with leaves or feathers held over them by servants for protecting them from the sun. The Greeks (4)_________ umbrellas to Europe as sunshades about 2,000 years ago. (to introduce) The Romans (5)_________ them to protect themselves against rain. (to use)

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1. Դու կարող ես կատարելագործել քո անգլերենը մի քանի շաբաթում: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 19

2. Աննան դուրս եկավ տանից՝ առանց հեռախոսը վերցնելու: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Լոնդոնը հայտնի է իր տեսարժան վայրերով: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Փոքրիկներին չի թույլատրվում զբոսանքի գնալ առանց ծնողների: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Տեղեկացրե'ք նրանց, որ մենք կմասնակցենք այդ միջոցառմանը: _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Native Town

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

20

Examination Card 11 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

No one really knows why we sleep. There are two theories, but a theory is only an idea or a guess – scientists don’t know if these theories are correct or not. One theory of sleep is called “Repair Theory.” This theory says that during the day we use many important chemicals in our bodies and brains. We need sleep to make new chemicals and repair and fix our bodies. One piece of evidence for this theory is that our bodies produce more of a growth hormone (a chemical that helps us grow) while we sleep. Another theory is called “Adaptive Theory.” This theory says that sleep evolved because it stopped early humans and animals from wasting energy and putting themselves in danger from the other animals that killed and ate them. In other words, sleep kept them safe and out of trouble. It was necessary for their survival.

1. How many theories are there ? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why do we need sleep? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What is stated in paragraph 3? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The word many is synonymous to ___________________________________________________________.

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. We often hear the expression, “Everybody (1)_________ about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.” (to talk) This (2)_________ really not true today. (to be) Something is indeed being done. Today, meteorology (3)_________ to make people’s lives safer and better. (to be used) Meteorologists are constantly studying the weather. Some meteorologists (4)_________ the weather, others analyze weather information, (to observe) and still others make forecasts about the weather. Many forecasts (5)_________

to warn people of approaching bad weather and storms. (to help)

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Մենք կկարողանանք լավ հանգստանալ այստեղ: Բնությունը հիանալի է: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 21

2. Երբ նրա ընկերները կանգնեցին պանդոկի մոտ, արդեն շատ ուշ էր:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Անգլերենը ժամանակակից տեխնոլոգիաների աշխատանքային լեզուն է:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Դուք ավարտել եք այս ինստիտուտը, այնպես չէ՞:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Ոչ ոք չճանաչեց Թոմին, քանի որ նա շատ էր փոխվել:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

22

Examination Card 12 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

Everyone sleeps and dreams every night. Many times we don’t remember our dreams, but we still dream. Like sleep, no one knows exactly why we dream or what dreams mean. There have been many theories about dreams throughout history. Many cultures believe that dreams can predict the future – that they can tell us what is going to happen to us. Sigmund Freud and other psychologists and psychiatrists believe that dreams can tell us about our feelings and desires. However, some scientists now believe that dreams mean nothing at all – dreams are caused by the electrical activity in our brains while we sleep. These scientists say that dreams seem crazy and without any meaning at all. There are still several other theories that emphasize other features of dreaming and brain activity. 1. Who knows why we dream? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Can dreams predict our future? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Are there many theories about dreams? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What do scientists think about dreams? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

When the first settlers (1)_________ to build their homes in an area of California about 150 years ago, (to decide) they found that there (2)_________ four different tribes of Native Americans living nearby. (to be) The leader of the white settlers, the mayor, (3)_________ the chiefs of the four tribes what they called the place. (to ask) All four tribes (4)_________ a different name for the region – and the names were all very long. (to have) The mayor (5)_________ to all four names and wrote down the first syllable of each name: pa-, sa-, de-, na… and called the new town Pasadena! (to listen) III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Ես հարցրեցի նրան, թե երբ պատրաստ կլինեն իմ փաստաթղթերը: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 23

2. Ես կարծում եմ, որ նա կկարողանա հաղթել այս մրցույթում:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Հոդվածը քննարկվեց, երբ բոլորը ներկա էին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Ես արդեն ավարտել եմ իմ թարգմանությունը և հիմա կարող եմ հանգստանալ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Կան շատ հայտնի համալսարաններ Մեծ Բրիտանիայում:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. The United States of America

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

24

Examination Card 13 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Even though the Panama Canal is not very large, it is still considered to be one of the greatest engineering achievements. When it was first built, it had a great influence on East-West trade. It brought the Orient and the West closer together. There had long been a lot of interest in the development of a canal in that region when the U.S. began to build it. For many years the early Spaniards had unsuccessfully searched for a natural waterway that joined the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. They needed a more efficient way to ship the treasures of the Inca Empire and their other South American colonies back to Spain. In 1882 a French company began construction of a canal in the Panama region. However, mismanagement forced the French company to abandon the construction. The U.S. paid the Panamanian government $10 million and bought the right to build and operate the Canal and govern the strip of land that extends for five miles on either side of the Canal. 1. Is the Panama Canal very large? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Did it have a great influence on East-West trade? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What had Spaniards searched? ________________________________________________________________________________________

4. When did French company begin the construction? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

George Crum was a cook at a hotel in the small town of Saratoga Springs, New York. One day in 1853 a customer (1)_________ because his fried potatoes were too thick. (to complain) Crum (2)_________ angry. (to get) In fact, he got so angry that he (3)_________ to cut some potatoes very, very thin. (to decide) When the waiter took the thin slices to the customer, Crum thought that the customer (4)_________. (to be angry) However, much to Crum's surprise, the stubborn customer liked the thin potato slices. These new thin slices caught on quickly and soon developed into a whole new business. Today Americans (5)_________ millions of dollars worth of potato chips every year. (to eat)

25

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Նրանք կժամանեն կամ երկուշաբթի կամ երեքշաբթի: _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

2. Ես կզանգահարեմ քեզ, հենց տուն հասնեմ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Մայրիկդ կզայրանա՞, եթե ժամանակին տուն չգնաս:

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Որքա՞ն ժամանակ կպահանջվի քեզանից այս աշխատանքը ավարտելու համար:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Անգլիացի դպրոցականները հագնում են դպրոցական համազգեստ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Family

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

26

Examination Card 14 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

Meanings of words do not usually stay the same. As time passes, words often come to mean more or less than they used to. For example, “bad” used to mean just “dirty.” Now it means “not good” in general. “Meat” used to mean any kind of food: now it means a particular kind – food from the body of an animal. One thing that causes the meaning of words to change is borrowing from other languages. Very often, when a foreign word came into English, people kept the old word that means the same thing, but they changed the meaning of the old word. During the Middle Ages, this happened with many words, such as “deer.” It used to mean “any kind of animal.” When the word “animal” came from French, the old word “deer” stayed on in the language, but with a more special meaning. A “deer” is now one certain kind of animal. Another kind of change is when people completely change a word. For example, “loaf” was once the word for “bread” in general; today it means “one large piece of bread.” On the other hand, the word “bread” used to mean “a piece of something.” So, a long time ago, people asked the baker for a “bread” of “loaf,” not a “loaf” of “bread.” 1. Do the meanings of words usually stay the same? _______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why do words change their meanings? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word completely may best be replaced by_________________________________________________ 4. What meaning does the word “loaf” have today? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

When a child (1)_________ school, he will learn many different kinds of skills. (to enter) For example, he (2)_________ to speak correctly, to read well, and to behave properly. (to learn) However, one of the most important skills that he must acquire is handwriting. There (3)_________ two main ways in which the English language is written by hand. (to be) The first (4)_________ printing. (to be called) The second way of writing is called cursive. Cursive letters are usually connected. With time the requirements for handwriting (5)_________ . (to change)

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Արամը ուշացել էր ավտոբուսից և ստիպված էր սպասել ևս մեկ ժամ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

27

2.

Սոնան դաշնամուր շատ ավելի լավ է նվագում, քան Անին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3.

Ե՞րբ կկարողանանք քննարկել այդ հարցը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4.

Թոմը շատ լավ է կարողանում է խոսել անգլերեն, այնպես չէ՞:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5.

Բացի անգլերենից, նա գիտի ֆրանսերեն և իսպաներեն:

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Flat

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

28

Examination Card 15 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

In recent years eating habits have changed because people are now more health-conscious than they used to be. The fashion for healthy food is growing all the time. People are encouraged to eat less fat and more fiber. High fiber foods and low fat foods can now be found in all shops and supermarkets. Moreover, now we have an opportunity to eat healthy dishes from international cuisine. Dishes from China, for instance, use very little oil and are much healthier than the usual way of frying. Another example is spicy food from India, which clean out the body’s system and help fight illnesses. People start to think about their food when they think that they are too fat. The most popular way to lose weight and avoid gaining it is following a diet. Some people count the number of calories they eat every day. This is called a calorie-controlled diet. On the one hand, it is good if you cut out snacks and desserts. On the other hand, excessive dieting may be dangerous, because people cut out foods which are necessary for their health. 1. Why is it important to eat healthy food?

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Have eating habits changed in recent years?

_______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word opportunity may best be replaced by______________________________________________

4. When do people start to think about their food?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. Mark Twain (1)_________to go to the opera by his friend. (to be invited) He was very rich. During the performance, the friend’s wife talked all the time. She talked so much that it (2)_________ very difficult for Mark Twain to listen to the opera. (to be) At the end of the performance she (3)__________ to Mark Twain and said: (to turn) “Oh, my dear Mark Twain, I want you to be with us again next Friday night. The opera will be “Carmen”. I’m sure you (4)__________ it.” (to like). “Thank you very much,” said Mark Twain, “that will be fine. I (5)_______ never________you in “Carmen”. (to hear)

III.Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Դերասանները դեռ չեն ժամանալ: Ներկայացումը մի փոքր կհետաձգվի: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 29

2. Բացի Թեդից բոլորը հանձնեցին քննությունը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Իմ ավագ եղբայրը շատ լավ թենիս է խաղում:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Այս ճաշասենյակը շատ մեծ է և լուսավոր:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Մենք ընկերով կմիանանք իրենց խմբին մի շաբաթից:

________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Friend

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

30

Examination Card 16 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

People have many bad habits. One of them is smoking cigarettes. It is true people have smoked cigarettes for a long time now. But people should know about the dangers of smoking. Cigarette smoke contains at least two harmful substances, tar and nicotine. Tar, which forms as the tobacco burns, damages the lungs and, therefore, affects breathing. Nicotine, which is found in the leaves, causes the heart to beat faster and increases the breathing rate. Smoking cigarettes is dangerous. The U.S. Public Health Service stated that cigarette smoking is the cause of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases. The U.S. government now requires that each package of cigarettes bears a special warning about the dangers of smoking. 1. Do people have bad habits? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What bad habits can you mention? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word fast is synonymous to ___________________________________________________________ 4. What is the main idea of the text? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form.

The Great Fire of 1666 (1)_________ three-quarters of the city. (to destroy) Sir Christopher Wren (2)_________ St. Paul’s Cathedral and designed 51 churches. (to rebuild) The rebuilding of London followed the medieval street plan, but the old wooden houses (3)_________ by buildings of brick, to reduce the future fire risk. (to be replaced) During the 19th century London (4)_________ rapidly into the suburbs. (to spread) As a result of it new forms of transport (5)_________ including the underground railway system. (to be developed)

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Գարունը տարվա ամենագեղեցիկ եղանակներից է: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

2. Թոմն ասաց, որ նա չի կարող ընդունել մեր առաջարկը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 31

3. Ջորջը նկատեց, որ անձնագիրը մոռացել է տանը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Տնօրենն ասաց, որ փաստաթղթերը պատրաստ կլինեն ժամը 3-ին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Երբ ես խոսեցի նրա հետ, նա ինձ պատմեց այդ մասին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Hobby

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

32

Examination Card 17 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it. Elizabeth Blackwell was born in England in 1821, and emigrated to New York City when she was ten years old. One day she decided that she wanted to become a doctor. That was nearly impossible for a woman in the middle of the nineteenth century. After writing many letters seeking admission to medical schools, she was finally accepted by a doctor in Philadelphia. So determined she was, that she taught school and gave music lessons to earn money for her tuition. In 1849, after graduation from medical school, she decided to further her education in Paris. Unfortunately, Elizabeth couldn’t realize her dream of becoming a surgeon. A serious eye infection forced her to abandon the idea. Upon returning to the United States, she found it difficult to start her own practice because she was a woman. By 1857 Elizabeth and her sister, also a doctor, along with another female doctor, managed to open a new hospital, the first for women and children. Besides being the first female physician and founding her own hospital, she also established the first medical school for women. 1. Where was Elizabeth Blackwell born? _______________________________________________________________________ 2. The word realize is synonymous to __________________________________________________________. 3. What did she want to become?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What did she decide to do in the United States?

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. Chess (1) ___________ one of the oldest board games. (to be) The origins of chess are uncertain, although there are a number of legends regarding its invention. In fact, chess (2) ___________ in India in the sixth or seventh century AD. (to originate) The game’s popularity quickly spread through Persia and from there (3) ___________ to Europe. (to come) The rules and pieces used in the game have undergone changes over the centuries. Modern chess owes much to the Spaniard Ruy Lopez de Segura, who in 1561 (4) ___________ the first book on how to play the game. (to write) In it, he (5) ___________the concept of ‘castling’, which had not been part of the game until then. (to introduce) III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Այստեղ չենք կարողանա մնալ ձմռանը, քանի որ շատ ցուրտ է լինում: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 33

2. Դուք գիտե՞ք, որ նա տասը տարի ապրել է այս գյուղում:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Աննան ասաց, որ ինքը գիտի մի քանի օտար լեզու:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Մեր տնօրենը կվերադառնա Մոսկվայից այսօր երեկոյան:

_______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Երբ ես խոսեցի նրա հետ, նա շատ բարկացած էր:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My School

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

34

Examination Card 18 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it. People choose to use mobile phones for communication because they are very convenient. First of all, they are small enough to fit into our pockets so we can easily take it everywhere and always stay in touch. Besides, they allow us not only to phone, but to send small messages, which is very cheap. What is more, if you have one of the new multimedia mobiles, you can use the Net, play games, watch TV programmes and take photos. However, some people are against mobile phones because they think that radiation from mobile leads to cancer, which hasn’t been actually proved. I believe it’s a good idea to have a mobile with you everywhere, even at school, because in case of emergency we can contact our parents to let them know that we are OK or to ask for help. Besides, if we need some information or advice, we can always get in touch with our friends or parents.

1. Are there different ways of communication nowadays? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Why do people use mobile phones? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why is it good to have a mobile with you everywhere? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The word small is synonymous to ____________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. A Frenchman, who was going to travel in the USA (1) ___________ many tales about how difficult it is to get food and good service in the restaurants in America. (to hear) On his first day in the USA when he (2) ___________ his dinner he went from restaurant to restaurant but could not get a meal. (to want) It was the dinner hour and there (3) ___________ so many people in the restaurants that the waiters didn’t even want to talk to him. (to be) After some time, very tired and hungry, he (4) ___________ to a small eating place. (to come) To his surprise, a waiter (5) ___________ him at the door took him to one of the empty tables and asked: “What will the gentlemen order?” (to meet) III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1. Անգլիացի հայտնի դերասանը կժամանի վաղը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Նա ասաց, որ այդ նամակը ուղարկել էր երկու շաբաթ առաջ: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 35

3. Ջոնը և Աննան ստիպված կլինեն նորից գնալ այնտեղ: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Ես այնքան հեռու էի բեմից նստած, որ ոչինչ չկարողացա տեսնել: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Իմ եղբայրը ոչ ոքի չի ճանաչում այս քաղաքում:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Day

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

36

Examination Card 19 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

By the time the United States became an independent country, people had been living in America for over a hundred years. They already spoke and wrote differently from people in Britain. Yet the only books that told the “correct” way to write and spell things were written by British people. Noah Webster, an American lawyer and teacher, thought Americans needed their own guides to the language. So in 1783, 1784, and 1785 Webster published a grammar book, a reading book, and a spelling book. The speller, like Webster’s other books, was based on the way Americans used English. It became the basic textbook all over the country. In 1806 he published the first edition of this dictionary. It included words that Americans used and British people didn’t. It was the first dictionary that described what people actually said, instead of telling them what they ought to say. 1. What is the text about? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who was Noah Webster? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. When did he publish his books? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. The word basic is synonymous to ___________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. The day of the lecture came. And Theo (1) ___________ that the typewritten copy of his speech had disappeared. (to discover) The Head (2) ___________ that Adams was the first to start. (to say) Adams calmly (3) ___________ his stolen speech out of his pocket and read it. (to take) Now it (4) ___________ Theo's turn. (to be) But what could he do? He could only (5) ___________ the lecture, word for word. (to repeat)

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Ձեր հոդվածները կհրատարակվի այս ամսագրում հաջորդ ամիս: ______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Վաղը տնօրենը զբաղված կլինի և չի կարողանա ընդունել ձեզ:

______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 37

3. Աշնունը գեղեցիկ է իր գույնզգույն տերևներով:

______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.

Հիանալի եղանակ է: Եկեք գնանք զբոսանքի: ______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Երբ Արամը զանգեց, ես արդեն ավարտել էի իմ դասերը:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Favourite Book

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

38

Examination Card 20 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

Today the official language of the United States and most of Canada is English. However, French almost became the official language because of a war. The French and Indian War was fought between 1754 and 1763. The name of this war is not accurate because the war was actually between England and France. The Indians fought on the side of the French. France and England were trying to gain control of North America. France held Canada, and England held part of what is now the United States. However, France tried to expand its land by moving southward into New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Virginia. When the French built a fort on the Ohio River, the residents in Virginia sent George Washington to attack the fort in 1754. However, the French defeated Washington. The French, aided by the Indians, outsmarted the English and won many early battles. Later, the British began to do well against the French. In the final battle in Quebec, Canada, General Wolfe of England faced General Montcalm from France. Both generals died in this battle, but the English outlasted the French and won the battle. Thus, most of North America today has the English culture and language. 1. When did the war between French and Indian start? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. How did France try to expand its land? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Did the French defeat Washington? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The word many is synonymous to __________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. Carl Ronald Giles is actually one of the most famous British cartoonists. Born in 1917, he (1) _______________ brought up in London where his father had a shop. (to be) (2) _______________ school and started work in a cartoon animation studio. (to leave)

At fourteen he Bored with this, in

1937, he and two friends (3) _______________ all over Britain. (to wander) They (4) _______________ the accordion and draw sketches in pubs so that they could get enough money to eat. (to play) Then Giles went back to work as a cartoonist and his big chance came in 1943 when he (5) _______________ the ‘Daily Express’ as a war correspondent and cartoonist. (to join)

39

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Վաղը կանձրևի: Մենք չենք կարողանա գնալ զբոսանքի: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

2. Մենք չենք կարող աշխատել հանգստյան օրերին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3.

Մի՛ անհանգստացեք մենք կզգուշացնենք Անիին այդ մասին: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

4. Այս ֆիլմը այնքան էլ հետաքրքիր չէ, այնպես չէ՞:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Նա այնքան զայրացած էր, որ չցանկացավ որևէ առաջարկություն անել: ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Plans for the Future

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

40

Examination Card 21 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

We are all sensitive to colour. There are some colours we like a lot and some we don’t like at all. Some colours excite us, some make us happy or sad. Experts in colorgenics (the study of the language of colour) believe that the colours we wear say a lot about us. They are sure that we choose certain colours to wear in order to communicate our desires, emotions and needs. Red indicates a high level of physical energy. People who wear red do everything at a high speed. Brown is the colour of wealth and it shows a need for independence and material security. Wearers of green have a love of nature and enjoy peaceful moments. The idea of associating colours with emotions is not new. Colours have always been used to describe not only our feelings but also our physical health. The study of colour can help us to understand ourselves and to improve our lives. It offers an alternative way to heal the body and spirit, and it can help us to understand what others are trying to communicate. 1. What do experts think about colours?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What does red colour indicate?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word offer is synonymous to ___________________________________________________________. 4. What is the main idea of the text?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. After the lecture the Head (1) _______________ , “the candidate we have chosen is —Mr. Theo. (to say) We (2) _______________ by the lecture of Mr. Adams. (to be impressed) But Mr. Adams (3) _______________ his lecture to us. (to read) When Mr. Theo’s turn came, he (4) _______________ that speech, word for word, from memory, though of course, (to repeat) he (5) _______________ never a line of it before. (to see) Now a fine memory is absolutely necessary for this post, that’s why we decided that Mr. Theo was exactly the man we wanted.”

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Աշոտը սկսեց պատասխանել հարցերին` առանց հասկանալու տեքստը: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

41

2. Մերին շատ ուրախ է, քանի որ ունի լավ աշխատանք:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Մենք կկարղանանք հեշտությամբ լուծել այդ խնդիրը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Սելին միշտ պատասխանում է հեռախոսազանգերին, եթե նա իր գրասենյակում է:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Դու կկարողանաս վերադարձնել այս գիրքը ժամանակին, այնպես չէ՞:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Summer Holidays

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

42

Examination Card 22 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

Books can tell us a lot about the modern world and ancient times. Books teach us to be kind and honest. While reading we learn how to solve our problems and make people happy. Finally, I think that reading is the perfect way to spend free time and not to be bored. There are a lot of different kinds of books in the world, for example, thrillers, historical novels, science fiction, adventure books and others. Teenagers all over the world like reading about adventures because they enjoy characters who go through dangers to complete their mission. Boys are also fond of thrillers and detective stories because they have interesting story lines and unusual endings. As for girls, they prefer romances, historical novels and poetry. 1. What can books tell us? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The word different is synonymous to ________________________________________________________. 3. Why do boys like detective stories? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What kind of books do girls like to read? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. London (1) _______________ in the first century A.D. by the Romans. (to be founded) They (2) _______________ London in the 5th century and the city was largely abandoned. (to leave) By the 8th century it was again a busy trading center, and in the 11th century London (3) _______________ the capital of England. (to become) Edward the Confessor (4) _______________ a palace and an abbey at Westminster. (to build) The Norman period (5) _______________ the construction of the Tower, old St. Paul’s Cathedral and many churches and monasteries.(to see)

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Սա մի գեղեցիկ այգի է` լի գույնզգույն ծաղիկներով:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Կարիք չկա գնալ այնտեղ այս խոնավ եղանակին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

43

3. Երբ մենք ներս մտանք, նրանք դեռ կարդում էին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Չուշանաք: Մենք պետք է այնտեղ լինենք ժամանակին:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

5. Նա շատ տխուր հեռացավ` առանց որևէ բան ասելու:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Winter Holidays

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

44

Examination Card 23 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

When cars first started appearing on the streets of the world, few people took them seriously. They were toys – playthings for grown men who didn’t have much to do. No one thought that the automobile would ever become the world’s most popular form of transportation. When Henry Ford started selling his Model T in 1908, he changed all that. Ford believed that a car should be low-cost transportation that everyone could afford. So he decided to make such a car. First, he wanted a dependable automobile that would not break down easily. Then he wanted a simple engine that almost everyone could fix. Ford wanted to sell the car for a low price, so he had to make it at a low cost. So, he made only one model and he made it in only one color – black. 1.

What is stated in paragraph 1? _______________________________________________________________________________________

2. What did Henry Ford decide to do? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word started is synonymous____________________________________________________________. 4. Why did Ford want a car to be low-cost transportation? _______________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. Last summer my friend’s parents (1) __________ him to London (to take). His father had to do some work there. They had to go there by plane. My friend (2) _________never _______ before and he was a little afraid (to fly). He tried not to show it, but when they took their seats in the plane, he (3) ________ his eyes (to close). His father (4) ____________ at him and told him to look out of the window (to laugh). “Look how bright the sun shines, and how small the houses and tress (5) __________________from here,” he said (to look).

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Թռիչքը հետաձգվեց վատ եղանակի պատճառով:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

45

2. Նա ասաց, որ վերադարձել է Փարիզից երկու շաբաթ առաջ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Ե՛վ տնօրենը և՛ ուսուցիչները շատ հավանեցին իմ ելույթը:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Գրքերը կբաժանվեն երեխաներին հաջորդ շաբաթ:

________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5.

Տեղեկացրեք նրանց, որ մենք չենք կարող տպագրել այս հոդվածը:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. Means of Communication

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

46

Examination Card 24 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

The White House, the official home of the United States president, was not built in time for George Washington to live in it. It was begun in 1792 and was ready for its first inhabitants, President and Mrs. Adams, who moved in on November 1, 1800. When the Adames moved in, the White House was not yet complete, and the Adamses suffered many inconveniences: for example the main staircase was incomplete, which hindered movement from floor to floor. Thomas Jefferson, the third president improved the comfort of the White House in many respects and added new architectural features such as the terraces on the east and west ends. When the British forces burned the White House on August 24, 1814, President Madison was forced to leave. All that remained after the fire was the exterior walls, the interior was completely destroyed. It was not until December of 1817 that the following president, James Monroe, was able to move into a rebuilt residence. Since then, the White House has continued to be modified but has been continuously occupied by each succeeding U. S. president. 1. Why didn’t George Washington live in the White House?

________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Were there any inconveniences when the Adames moved in?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The word remained is synonymus to________________________________________________________. 4. Why was President Madison forced to leave the White House?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. Jewellery and coins (1) ______________ last night from the home of Mr. and Mrs. Smiths.(to be stolen) At about 1.30 a.m., a young man (2) _____________in the Smiths’ garden by a neighbour. (to be seen) The police were informed immediately by the neighbour's wife. Ten minutes later, the man was caught as he (3) ______________ the garden and was taken to the police station for questioning. (to leave) His pockets were searched. Rings and gold coins worth over £3000 were found. When the man was questioned about the theft, he (4) ______________, (to say) "It was easy. A window was opened and the safe (5) ______________". (not to be locked)

47

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English. 1.

Մենք պետք է շտապեինք, որովհետև ֆիլմն արդեն սկսվել էր: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

2.

Ես չկարողացա հասկանալ, թե նա ինչի մասին է խոսում: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

3.

Լոնդոնում եղանակը շատ անձրևոտ և խոնավ է: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

4.

Մրցույթի հաղթողները կպարգևատրվեն մեդալներով: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

5.

Օդանավակայանում մեզ կդիմավորի Թեդի քույրը: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. My Meals

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

48

Examination Card 25 I. Read the text and answer the questions following it.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, coffee was introduced into one European country after another. Coffee gained popularity as a beverage in the London coffee houses, which became centers of political, social, literary, and eventually business influence. The first coffeehouse in London was established about 1652. Until the close of the 17th century, the world’s limited supply of coffee was obtained almost entirely from the province of Yemen in southern Arabia. But, with the increasing popularity of the beverage, the propagation of the plant spread rapidly to Java and other islands of the Indonesian archipelago in the 17th century and to the USA in the 18th century. Coffee cultivation was started in the Hawaiian Islands in 1825. But the 20th century the greatest concentration of production was centered in the Western Hemisphere - particularly Brazil. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, industrial roasting and grinding machines came into use, vacuum-sealed containers were invented for ground roasts, and decaffeination methods for green coffee beans were developed. After 1950 the production of instant coffee was perfected. The popularity of instant coffee led to increased production of the cheaper Robusta beans in Africa. 1. When was coffee introduced into European?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The word rapidly may best be replaced by _____________________________________________ 3. What is stated in paragraph 2?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. When was the coffee production centered in the Western Hemisphere?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Write the verbs in the right tense form. In 1951 96 per cent of people in work in Britain (1) __________________(to have) full-time jobs and the majority of these (70 per cent) (2) __________________by men (to be held). By 1988 25 per cent of jobs were part time and 45 per cent of workers (3) __________________women: (to be) so one basic trend in employment in the 1980s was a general rise in the number of part-time jobs for women, particularly in service industries. The number of people who (4) __________________ self-employed also rose considerably, increasing by over half a million between 1983 and 1987 (to be). This (5) __________________ due to changing work, patterns and to the high levels of unemployment of the 1980s (to be).

49

III. Translate the sentences from Armenian into English.

1. Մենք որոշել ենք ամառային արձակուրդներին գնալ ծովափ: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Լոնդոնը Անգլիայի մայրաքաղաքն է: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________

3. Այսօր երեխային կխնամի Մերին: Նա արդեն վերադարձել է: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Բացի անգլերենից, նրանք կսովորեն ֆրանսերեն և իսպաներեն: ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Մեծ Բրիտանիայում կան շատ հայտնի համալսարաններ: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Speak on the following topic. Travelling

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

50