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English, Old Icelandic Pages [568] Year 1967
A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF OLD ICELANDIC G. T. Zoega
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A CONCISE DICTIONARY OF
OLD ICELANDIC
Digitized by the Internet Archive in
2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft
Corporation
http://www.archive.org/details/concisedictionar001857
A CONCISE
DICTIONARY OF
OLD ICELANDIC BY
GEIR
T.
ZOEGA
GRAMMAR SCHOOL OF REVKJAvfK AUTHOR OF
FIRST MASTER IN THE
AN ENGLISH-ICELANDIC AND ICELANDIC-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
OXFORD AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
Oxford University Press, Ely House, London W. i GLASGOW NEW YORK TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON CAPE TOWN SALISBURY IBADAN NAIROBI LUSAKA ADDIS ABABA
BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI LAHORE DACCA KUALA LUMPUR HONG KONG TOKYO
FIRST EDITION IQIO
REPRINTED
I
9 2 6,
PRINTED
I942, I952, I961, I965, I967 IN
GREAT BRITAIN
^
. ,W">
M'
PREFACE While
cannot be said that the study of Icelandic has been
it
neglected in Britain, there can be no doubt that
it
become much more general than
There are
reasons
why
earliest,
and one of the
gone
to the
should be
it
has been.
Not only does
also the source of
much
material,
good
proper investigation is
of the
first
impor-
supply a linguistic basis for such a study
;
it is
of the information necessary for the under-
In
standing of that period of British history. literature,
for the
a knowledge of Icelandic
it
several
influence was the
outward forces which have
strongest, of those
this
might with advantage
The Scandinavian
making of modern English, and
and appreciation of tance.
so.
it
itself,
too,
Old Icelandic
both in poetry and prose, presents a wealth of interesting
which
in
some
respects stands unrivalled
among
the literatures
of mediaeval Europe, and without which our knowledge of the ancient
North would be the merest shadow of what This important language and literature
it is.
first
became
easily accessible
to the English student with the publication (in 1869-74) of the Icelandic
Dictionary begun by Richard Cleasby, and completed for the Clarendon Press by
Gudbrand Vigfusson.
Icelandic as a whole, although
have been more ever,
and
fully dealt
for those
prose-writings,
whose
it is
some
still
remains the
fullest
record of
portions of the older vocabulary
with in later works.
For beginners, how-
interests chiefly centre in the old Icelandic
some more convenient and cheaper work has been
needed, and the present volume
main
This
is
intended to supply this want.
greatly
In the
founded on the Oxford Dictionary, and has been compiled on
the general principle of including
student of Icelandic
is
likely to
all
those words which the ordinary
meet with
in the
course of his reading.
With the exception of the Edda poems, the purely poetic vocabulary has
PREFACE
vi
most part been omitted,
lor the
as
well as a
number of compounds
The
occurring only in legal, theological, or technical works. not been very
strictly
drawn, however, and
line has
in doubtful cases insertion
has been preferred to omission, especially where space readily admitted
In the English renderings of the Icelandic words
of this course.
it
has
usually been possible to follow the larger work, but changes have been freely
made wherever they seemed
meaning of the word
more
still
to
To make
be required.
the precise
evident, a short phrase or sentence has
frequently been inserted after the English equivalent,
and the student
will find the usefulness of these illustrations increase as his knowledge
The more
of the language improves.
difficult
examples have been
translated, entirely or in part, especially those illustrating the idiomatic
uses of
common
which even
verbs,
must be
in a concise dictionary
treated with considerable fullness.
The arrangement
of the larger dictionary has on the whole been
The most important
followed, but a few changes have been introduced.
of these are the insertion of genitive compounds in their alphabetical
word
places instead of under the simple
instead
of under old
on
p.
528),
Although these vowels were confused
and
(e. g.
alda-^ aldar-
and the separation of in Icelandic
much
(for
employ
as
only,
The vowel e
has also been distinguished
which many editions use the more original g\ but without
separation of the words containing them.
verbs the later
-st
In the reflexive forms of
has been used instead of the early
must note, however, that employed.
7 ot.
value for etymology and for the study of the
other Scandinavian tongues.
from
p.
from an early date,
editions of old texts printed in Iceland usually
the distinction has
on
from
de
in
many
editions
the
For purely philological purposes a
some points have been
would
in
in the
first
in the
most accessible
-sk
;
the student
intermediate different
advisable, but the dictionary
-z
is
procedure is
intended
place to assist in reading the Icelandic sagas as they appear editions.
For the convenience of beginners the tables of declensions and conjugations,
and the
lists
of irregular forms, are reprinted (with
some
PREFACE alterations
and corrections) from the 'Outlines of Grammar' given
the larger work. jugation of these
For the I
am
vii
A
table of irregular verbs
is fully
which led to
original suggestion
indebted to Dr.
is
given in the dictionary
W.
in
unnecessary, as the conitself.
my
undertaking this work
A. Craigie, Taylorian Lecturer in the Scandi-
navian Languages in Oxford, and one of the foremost scholars in both ancient and
modern
Icelandic.
Dr. Craigie has, moreover, revised the
whole of the manuscript and proofs, and by doing so has helped considerably towards greater exactness in the renderings
Although
the English.
nature
which
all
errors
exist
it is
too
much
and omissions have been avoided,
may prove to be may help
dictionary as a whole
language and literature of
E-EYKJAVfK,
Marchf 19 10.
my
and correctness
to expect that in a
of a minor
work of
I trust that
character,
and
in
this
those
that
the
to bring about a wider interest in the
native country.
ICELANDIC DICTIONARY a, a negative suffix to verbs, not ; it is not unmeet that.
era iimakligt, at
another, in succession vil ek J)u vinnir af J)er skuldina, work off the debt ; muntu enga saett af mer fd, 710 peace at 7ny hand; n'sa af dauda, to rise 7-0771 the dead; vakna af draumi, to ;
abbadis ipl, -ar), f. abbess. abbast (a5'. v. ref.. to be angry, to quarrel (a. vi6 e-n, upp i. e-n). f abbindi = afbindi), n. constipation. awake7i fro7n a drea77i luka upp af hrossi, to ope7i agatefro)7i off a horse aSal, n. nature., disposition. at5al-, in compds., chief., head, -prin- vindr st66 af landi, the wind blew fr0771 (
;
;
-a,^'keri,n. sheet-anchor; -bol, -borinn, pp. of noble birth,
cipal-, n.
manor
;
= 65al-borinn festr
;
see aladsf. the main body of -haf, n. the high sea -festr,
-fylking,
;
troops, centre
-henda,
f.
=
;
f.
;
alhenda
-hen ding,
;
f.
full or perfect rhyrne, as go^ : blo^ (opposed to skothending-'j -hendr, -kelda, a. (verse) with perfect rhymes f. chief well; -kirkja, f. chief part of a church, opp. to forkirkja' ; -liga, adv. co7npletely, quite -merki, n. chief bafiner -ritning, f. chief writing; -skali, m. the maitihall, opp. to '
;
;
'
;
;
'
a
forskali, forhus
tree
;
'
-troll,
;
n.
ttunk of downright ogre
-tr6, n.
;
m. chief spokesman. aSild, f. chief defendantship or pro-
-tiilkr,
secutorship.
aSildarmac5r, m. =a6ili. a(5ili
(-ja,
-jar,
later
-a, -ar),
m.
the land; (2) out of; verQa tekinn af heimi, to be take7i out of the world gruflar hon af lasknum, she SLra77ibles Old of the brook; Otradalr var mjok af \t'g\,far out of the ix ay. Connected with ut fostudaginn for ut herrinn af borginni, 7narched out of the town. II. Of lime past, beyond: af omaga-aldri, able to support oneself, of age ek em nu af lettasta skeiSi, 710 longer i7i the pri7ne of life J)d er sjau vikur eru af sumri, when sei'en weeks ofstwwierare past; var mikit af nott, tnuch of the night was past. III. In various other relations (i) t)iggja 16 af e-m, to 7-eceive help fro7)i one hafa umbo5 af e-m, to be another's deputy vera g65s (ills) maklegr af e-m, to deserve good {bad) of ofie; feil J)ar lid mart af Eyvindi, 7nany of Eyvind's men fell there pd eru J)eir utlagir ok af goSorSi sinu, have forfeite I their go5or6 J)d skalt t>u af allri fjd.rheimtunni,y6'rfcit all the claim ; ek skal stefna J)er af konunni, su7n77ion thee to give tip (2) off, of; hoggva fot, hond, af e-m, to cut off one's foot, hand; vil ek, at J)u takir sli'kt sem J)er li'kar af varningi, whatever you like of the sto7es; jDar forkr einn ok brotit af endanum, with the poi7it broken off; absol., beit hann hondina af, bit the hand off; fauk af hofuSit, the head flew off; ;
;
;
;
:
;
;
;
chief dcfendajit varnaraSili) or prosecutor (soknaraSili, sakaradilij. af, prep. w. dat. 1. Ot place : (i) ff-om G. hljop af hesti sinum, G. jump; ed off his horse; ganga af motinu, to go away f> am the meeti7ig; Flosi kastaSi af ser skikkjunni, threw off his cloak Gizzur gekk af utsuQri at gerSinu. fro7n the south-west; hann halSi leyst af ser skua sina, he had taken off his shoes; Steinarr vildi slita hann af s^r, throiv him off; tok Gisli J)d af ser v^pnin, took off his a7-ms bref af (3) of ci7no7tg; hinn efniiigasti ma6r Magniisi konungi, a letter from king af ungum monnuni, the 7>tost pro77iis~ M. ; land af landi, /r^;;z one land to ing oj the yountj; 77ie7i with ; (4) the other; hverr af odrum, one after hlada (ferma) skip af e-u, to load '
(
^
;
;
'
M
;
;
ICEL. DICT
B
AFAR
AF-FLYTJA
r2]
{freight) a ship with ; fylla heiminn threats, hign woras -bragc5, n. parain af si'nu kyni, tofill the world with his gon (afbragS annarra manna) offspring', (5) ^/(=^r which is more genitive, as a prefix to nouns, surfrequent) ; husit var gert af timbr passing, excellent (afbragds vaenleikr, ;
;
stokkum, was
afbragds maQr). afbragcSligr, a. surpassing. hvat at honum af-brigtS, n. deviation, transgression. has become of hiin\ afbrigSar-tr6, n. tree of transgreshvat hefir t)u gert af Gunnari, what hast thou done with Gunnar? (7) sion. af-brig^i, n. (i) alteration denoting parentage, descent, origin (2) ok eru af peim komnir Gilsbekkingar, -brigS -brot, n. offence, transgression kominn -brug^ning, f. deviation -bruSigr, are descended from them -brySa (-dda, -ddr), v. to af Tr6jumonnum, descended froin the a. jealous Trojans (8) by, of (after passive); be Jealous', -lory^ifXi. jealousy. ek em sendr hingat af StarkaSi, sent afburSar, gen. from afburSr ', used hither by S. dstsasllaf landsmonnum, as an intensive before adjectives and beloved of (9) on account of by reason adverbs, very, exceedi7igly (a. digr, a. of by ubygQr af frosti ok kulda, be- vaenn, a. sterkliga, a. vel). afburSar-macSr, m. 7nan of mark cause of frost and cold', omdli af i.verkum, speechless from wounds af -samr, a. given to distinguish oneaf self', -skip, n. first-rate ship. dstsaeld hans, by his popularity af-burtSr, m. superiority af hvi, wherefore, why kvaS honJ)vi, therefore af pvi at, because', (10) by means of, um eigi annat vaenna til afbur3ar, to framfcera e-n af verkum si'num, get the better of it ok vilda ek, at by by means of his own labour af sinu hon yrSi eigi meS minnum afbur6um, absol., hann less glorious', -dalr, m. a retnote, an i€, by one's own itieans fekk af hina mestu soemd, derived out-ofthe-way, valley -deilingr, m. great honour from it', (11) with ad- part, portion f share; -drattr, m. (i) mildr af i€, dimimition, deduction jectives, in regard to (2) subtracliberal of money g66r af griQum, tion -drif, n. pi. destiny, fate (likligr -drykkja, f.= merciful fastr af drykk, close {stingy) til storra afdrifa) in regard to drink (12) used absol. ofdrykkja; -doema (-da, -dr), v. (i) with a verb, off, away, hann baS to take away from one by judicial hann Jjd roa af fjorSinn, to row the decision (afdoema e-n e-u) (2) to firth off', ok er {)eir hofSu af fjdrSung, prohibit', -eggja [e^]^ v. to dissuade', when they had covered one fourth of -eigna (at5), v. to dispossess (afeigna btiilt
{6) fig., eigi vita er orQit, what
of trunks of trees
\
menn
;
;
;
;
=
;
;
;
;
\
'
;
\
;
;
; ;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
',
;
the way sofa af nottina, to sleep the night away. afar, adv., used as an intensive before an adj. or another adv., very, exceedingly (a. auSigr, a. breiSr, a. vel, ;
e-m
-eista (aS), v. to castrate ; j (-5a, -Sr), v. to disinherit;
e-t)
-erfa
-eyringr, m. one whose ears have been cut off; -fall, n. diminution, abate-
ment
;
selja e-t
me5
affollum, to sell
at a discou7it. afarko3ta-laust, adv. on fair terms. affara-, gen. pi. from ' affor ', deparafar-kostr, m. hard ter77is', -ligr, ture ; hence affara-dagr, m. the last -dagr jola, Twelfth -menni, n. an day of a feast a. immense, huge', outstanding man -orS, n. overbear- -night; affara-kveld, n. the last ing word -uSigr, a. overbearing eveni77g of a fast. -yrSi, n. pi. proud speech. af-feSrast (ac5), v. to degene7'ate; af-aut5it, pp. n., e-m ver3r afauSit -ferma (-da, -dr), v. to unload (af* um e-t, one has bad luck {fails) in a ferma skip) -fletta (-tta, -ttr), v. to thing ; -blomga (a$), v. to deprive of strip (afifletta e-n e-u) -flutningr, fioivers ; fig., afblomga frasgC e-s, to m. (i) depreciation; (2) dissuasion; detract from one's fame -boS, n. -flytja (see flytja), v. (i) to disparage a. ilia).
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
AP-PCERA e-m)
(2) to represent ; -foera, v. to misrepresent'^ -gamall, a. very old, decrepit; -ganga, f. (i) digression (2) (afflytja fyrir
as unadvisable
APIiA-STUN
[3]
;
V. to
cut off the hair-j -hoftSa
to behead;
lation afi,
from
the right course (af-gangr, m. (i) ganga gu6s laga) surplus hafa hey me6 afgongum, to spare afgangs, left over, remaining ; -gelja, f. chatter(2) decease, death ing -gipt, f. indtdgence, absolution. afgiptar-br6f, n. letter of indulgence. af-gjarn, a. eager to be off (afgjarnt er ofundarf^) -gjof, f. tribute -glapa (at5), V. to disturb an assenibly or ptiblic meeting ; -glapan, f, disturbance (things afglapan) -glapi, m.fool, sifnpleton ; -greizla, f. payment, contribution, afgongu-dagr, m. affara-dagr. af-g0ra (-5a, -t5r), v. to do amiss, do wrong (ek hefi engan hlut afg^rt vi3 pik) -g0rS, f. transgression, offence -hallr, a. having a dowiiward slope
a.
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
'
n.
fatJ), v.
hewing off, muti-
chippings.
;
m.
",
deviation
-hogg,
grandfather;
(1)
(2)
man\
eptir afa, in regular descent.
af-kaup, hagkeypi
n.
bad bargain
(opp.
to
').
af-karr, a. strange, prodis^ious. afkleyfis-or$, n., -samstafa, f. a superfluous word, syllable (in a verse). af-kl8B5a (-dda, -ddr), v. to undress refl., afklaeSast, to undress oneself -komandi (pi. -endr), m. descefidant -kvistr, m. lateral branch, offshoot
-kvaBmi,
n. offspring,
afkvaBmis-maSr, m. descendant. af-kynjaSr, pp. degenerate -kyn;
jast (aS),
degenerate, afl, m. hearth of a forge. afl, n. (i) physical strength (ramr, styrkr, at afli) (2) force, violence ; taka me5 afli, by force; {-i^) plurality of votes, majority ok skal afl rd6a, -haugr, m. side-mound the majority shall decide -hefS, f. (4) virtue, ivithholdinganother' s property -helg- inherent power; a. daudfoerandi grasa, ast (at$), V. refl. to become iitiholy, to the virtue of poisonous herbs. be profaned -hellir, m. side-cave ; afla (at5), v. to gain, earn, procure -henda (-nda, -ndr), v. (i) to hand (a. e-m e-s) a. ser iykx ok frama, to over (2) to pay (afhenda skuld) ; earn fame and wealth afladi {)essi -hendis, adv. off one* s ha^id -hendr, bardagi honum mikillar fraegSar, a. out of one's hand; segja e-n (serj brougitt him great fatne (2) with afhendan, to giveofte up ; -hent, a. n. ace, to earn (aflaOi harm t)ar fe -heyrandi, mikit) refl., e-m aflast e-t, one gains unfit (e-m er e-t afhent) pr. p. out of hearing, absent, opp. to a thing; (3) with dat., to perform, dheyrandi -heyris, adv. out of hear- accomplish (harm aflaSi brdtt mikilli ing, opp. to dheyris -hlaup, n. sur- vinnu) with infin., to be able (ekki plus -hlutr, m. share of a thing; aflar harm {jvi at standa 1 moti ydur). -hly(5ast (-dd), v. refl. to disobey ; afla- far, a. short of strength e-m -hrapi, m. impoverishjnent -hroS, ver6r afla-fdtt, one fails in strotgth. n. damage, loss gjalda mikit af hro3, aflag, n. ( I ) slaughteritig of cattle ; to sustain a heavy loss gera mikit (2) gen., aflags afgangs, left over. afhroS, to make great havoc -huga, af-laga, adv. unlawfully -lagliga, a. indecl. having turned one's mind adv. =aflaga. from ; verSa afhuga e-u, to mind no afla-litill, a. deficient in strength, more -hugaSr, a. -huga (-hugaSr weak; -matSr, m. powerful man; vi6 e-t) ; -hugast (aS), v. refl. to put -mikill, a. (i) strong; (2) powerful; out of one's mind, with dat. -hus, n. -munr, m. odds ; etja vid -muninn, outhouse, side-apartment; -hvarf, n. to fight against odds. deviation from the di^-ect path (opp. aflan, f. gain, acquisition. to * gagnvegr ') -hy$a (-dda, -ddr), aflanar-matSr, m. good steward. v. to scourge thoroughly; -hylja afla-skortr, m. short-coining in (see hylja), v. to uncover -hyming, power or strength ; -stund, i. fishingf. by-corner, recess -haera (-Sa, -Srj, season. ; V. refl. to
=
;
;
;
;
;
\
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
*
'
;
;
'
'
;
;
;
;
;
;
=
;
;
=
;
;
;
;
;
AF-LAUSN af-lausn,
f.
discharge {release)
(l)
or obligation (2) absohiindulgence (aflausn synda)
from claim tioTty
AFREKS-MADR
[4]
;
;
from
(ek kve6 aflima orSnar Jj^rdisir) f. dismembering, mutilation. afl-lauss,a. nerveless, weak; palsied,
-liman,
leaving off, relinquishing paralytic ixi afldti, lessness ; synda, misverka)
-Idt, n. (i) (afldt
;
incessantly,
synda)
misgernin^a,
(afldt
-litill, a. weak, feeble ; strong, ofgreat strength, af-lofa (at5), v. to prohibit ; -loka (a$), v. to open (afloka hurSina). afl-raun, f. trial {proof) of strength pi. bodily (Jjotti J)etta mikil -raun) exercises (Skallagrimr hendi mikit gaman at -raunumokleikum); -skortr, m. lack of strength (ekki var6 mer -skortr vio J)ik fyrrum).
pardon -mikill,
retnission,
(2)
-lata
;
(see Idta), v. with infin. to cease ; -leggja (see leggja), v. (l) to put to give up, abandon ; aside (2) -leiSing, f. (i) terms godar afleiSingar eru me3 J)eim, they are on good metric, contimiation-, terms', (2) ;
;
=
-leysi, n. weakness, nerve-
;
a.
;
afleiSing (i); t^eir -leiSingr, m. afls-inat5r, m. stro?ig man -munr, skildu goSan afleiSing, they parted on friendly terms; -leiSis, adv. (i) out m. difference in stretigth, odds. afl-vani, a. deficient i?i strength of the right path or course (sigla afleiSis) (2) fig., ganga afleiSis, to go verda afl-vani, to succuinb, be overastray snua (draga, fcera) e-t afleicJis, powered. afl-voSvi, m. the biceps muscle. to pervert, misrepresent (J)u foerSir or6 -logaf-logliga, adv. unlawfully sniia e-m afleiSis, to peirra afleiQis) -leifar, f. pi. leavings, ligr, a. unlawful, contrary to law lead astray remnants ; -leitinn, a. of odd appear- -ma (see ma), v. to blot out, destroy -nam, n. ance ; -leitliga, adv. perversely (ilia -moeSra (aS), v. to wean ok afleitliga) -leitligr, a. perverse, (i) tak'ng away, extirpation, de(i) strange, structiofi (2) at afndmi, by reservation -leitr, a. deforjned; hideous, disgusting (hversu afleitir (before division of property, spoil, or oss synast ^eirra hsettirj ; (2) with inheritance) (3) loss (ef hann verSr afleitr hamingjunni, at skaSa peim monnum, er oss mun d2X., deserted by pykkja afndm i) ; (4) surplus. -lendis, adv. abroad ( luckless afnams-fe, n., -gripr, m. goods, an -lendr, 2.. far fi'oin la?id, erlendis) in open sea ; -letja (see letja), v. to article of value, taken before a dividissuade from (afletja e-n at gera e-t, sion cf. afndm (2). af-nefjaSr, pp. having the nose cut -l§tta (-tta, -tt), afletja e-t fyrir sdr) -neita (ac5 or -tta, -tt), -16ttr, a. off, noseless V. to cease; cf. letta af; V. (i) to r.?;^