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ACI 440.5M-08

Specification for Construction with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars An ACI Standard

Reported by ACI Committee 440

First Printing July 2008 American Concrete Institute

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Specification for Construction with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars Copyright by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or copied, in whole or part, in any printed, mechanical, electronic, film, or other distribution and storage media, without the written consent of ACI. The technical committees responsible for ACI committee reports and standards strive to avoid ambiguities, omissions, and errors in these documents. In spite of these efforts, the users of ACI documents occasionally find information or requirements that may be subject to more than one interpretation or may be incomplete or incorrect. Users who have suggestions for the improvement of ACI documents are requested to contact ACI. Proper use of this document includes periodically checking for errata at www.concrete.org/committees/errata.asp for the most up-to-date revisions. ACI committee documents are intended for the use of individuals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of its content and recommendations and who will accept responsibility for the application of the material it contains. Individuals who use this publication in any way assume all risk and accept total responsibility for the application and use of this information. All information in this publication is provided “as is” without warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. ACI and its members disclaim liability for damages of any kind, including any special, indirect, incidental, or consequential damages, including without limitation, lost revenues or lost profits, which may result from the use of this publication. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish health and safety practices appropriate to the specific circumstances involved with its use. ACI does not make any representations with regard to health and safety issues and the use of this document. The user must determine the applicability of all regulatory limitations before applying the document and must comply with all applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to, United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) health and safety standards. Order information: ACI documents are available in print, by download, on CD-ROM, through electronic subscription, or reprint and may be obtained by contacting ACI. Most ACI standards and committee reports are gathered together in the annually revised ACI Manual of Concrete Practice (MCP). American Concrete Institute 38800 Country Club Drive Farmington Hills, MI 48331 U.S.A. Phone: 248-848-3700 Fax: 248-848-3701

www.concrete.org ISBN 978-0-87031-288-5

ACI 440.5M-08

Specification for Construction with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars An ACI Standard

Reported by ACI Committee 440 John P. Busel Chair

Carol K. Shield* Secretary

Tarek Alkhrdaji Charles E. Bakis

Russell Gentry Janos Gergely

James G. Korff Michael W. Lee

Andrea Prota Hayder A. Rasheed

Lawrence C. Bank* Abdeldjelil Belarbi Brahim Benmokrane Luke A. Bisby

William J. Gold Nabil F. Grace Mark F. Green Zareh B. Gregorian

Maria Lopez de Murphy Ibrahim M. Mahfouz Orange S. Marshall Amir Mirmiran

Sami H. Rizkalla Morris Schupack Rajan Sen Khaled A. Soudki

Gregg J. Blaszak

Doug D. Gremel*

Ayman S. Mosallam

Samuel A. Steere III*

Timothy E. Bradberry*

Shawn P. Gross

John J. Myers

Gamil S. Tadros

Nanni†

Antonio Kenneth Neale John P. Newhook

Jay A. Thomas Houssam A. Toutanji J. Gustavo Tumialan

Gordon L. Brown Jr. Vicki L. Brown Raafat El-Hacha

H. R. (Trey) Hamilton III Issam E. Harik Kent A. Harries

Garth J. Fallis*

Mark P. Henderson*

Ayman M. Okeil

Milan Vatovec

Amir Z. Fam Edward R. Fyfe

Bohdan N. Horeczko Vistasp M. Karbhari

Carlos E. Ospina* Max L. Porter

Stephanie L. Walkup David White

*Contributing

authors. Task group Chair. The committee also thanks Nick Carino, Bernard Drouin, and Renato Parretti for their contributions.

†

This Reference Specification covers construction using fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcing bars that the Architect/Engineer can make applicable to any construction project by citing it in the Project Specifications. The Architect/Engineer supplements the provisions of this Reference Specification as needed by designating or specifying individual project requirements. Keywords: concrete; concrete construction; fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement; placing; specification; tolerance.

NOTE TO SPECIFIER This Specification is incorporated by reference in the Project Specification using the wording in P3 of the Preface and including information from the Mandatory Requirements, Optional Requirements, and Submittals Checklists following the Specifications. PREFACE P1. ACI Specification 440.5M-08 is intended to be used by reference or incorporation in its entirety in the Project Specification. Do not copy individual Parts, Sections, Articles, or Paragraphs into the Project Specification, because taking them out of context may change their meaning.

P2. If Sections or Parts of ACI Specification 440.5M-08 are copied into the Project Specification or any other document, do not refer to them as an ACI Specification, because the specification has been altered. P3. A statement such as the following will serve to make ACI Specification 440.5M-08 a part of the Project Specification: “Work on (Project Title) shall conform to all requirements of ACI 440.5M-08, “Specification for Construction with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars,” published by the American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan, except as modified by these Contract Documents.” P4. Each technical Section of ACI Specification 440.5M-08 is written in the three-part Section format of the Construction Specifications Institute, as adapted for ACI requirements. The language is imperative and terse. ACI 440.5M-08 was adopted April 30, 2008, and published June 2008. Copyright © 2008, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by any means, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic or mechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduction or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission in writing is obtained from the copyright proprietors.

440.5M-1

440.5M-2

ACI STANDARD

P5. The Specification is written to the Contractor. When a provision of this Specification requires action by the Contractor, the verb “shall” is used. If the Contractor is allowed to exercise an option when limited alternatives are available, the phrasing “either...or...” is used. Statements provided in the Specification as information to the Contractor use the verbs “may” or “will.” Informational statements typically identify activities or options that “will be taken” or “may be taken” by the Owner or Architect/Engineer. CONTENTS Preface, p. 440.5-1 Part 1—General, p. 440.5-2 1.1—Scope 1.2—Definitions 1.3—Reference standards 1.4—Submittals 1.5—Materials delivery, storage, and handling Part 2—Products, p. 440.5-2 2.1—Materials 2.2—Fabrication Part 3—Execution, p. 440.5-3 3.1—Preparation 3.2—Bar placement 3.3—Repair of fiber-reinforced polymer bars 3.4—Field cutting of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement 3.5—Concrete placement Foreword to checklists, p. 440.5-5 Mandatory requirements checklist, p. 440.5-5 Optional requirements checklist, p. 440.5-5

1.3—Reference standards 1.3.1 Reference standards—Standards of ACI referred to in this Specification are listed with serial designation including year of adoption or revision, and are part of this Specification. 1.3.1.1 ACI standards 117-06 Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials 301M-05 Specifications for Structural Concrete 440.6M-08 Specification for Carbon and Glass FiberReinforced Polymer (FRP) Bar Materials for Concrete Reinforcement 1.4—Submittals Unless otherwise required by Contract Documents, submit data and drawings specified in 1.4.1 through 1.4.3 for review and acceptance before fabrication and execution: 1.4.1 Submit the data specified in 1.4.1.1 through 1.4.1.4 unless otherwise specified: 1.4.1.1 FRP reinforcement—Submit FRP bar manufacturer’s certified test report. 1.4.1.2 Placing drawings—Submit placing drawings showing fabrication dimensions and placement locations of FRP reinforcement and reinforcement supports. 1.4.1.3 Splices—Submit a list of splices and request to use splices not indicated in Contract Documents. 1.4.1.4 Supports—Submit description of reinforcement supports and materials for fastening reinforcement not described in 2.1.3. 1.4.2 FRP reinforcement relocation—When alternatives are proposed, submit a request to relocate any FRP reinforcement that exceeds specified placement tolerances. Include new arrangement of reinforcement and justification for new arrangement. 1.4.3 Inspection and quality control—Submit quality assurance/quality control program of plant manufacturing FRP reinforcement unless otherwise specified.

Submittals checklist, p. 440.5-5 PART 1—GENERAL 1.1—Scope 1.1.1 Work specified—This Specification covers cast-inplace structural concrete reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars except where other provisions are specified in the Contract Documents. 1.1.2 Work not specified—The subjects covered by ACI 301M are not in the scope of this Specification. 1.2—Definitions acceptable or accepted—determined to be satisfactory by the Architect/Engineer. acceptance—acknowledgment by Architect/Engineer that submittal or completed work is acceptable. Architect/Engineer—the architect, engineer, architectural firm, or engineering firm issuing Contract Documents or administering the Work under Contract Documents, or both. dielectric—a substance, such as porcelain, glass, and most plastics, that is a poor conductor of electricity but an efficient supporter of electrostatic fields.

1.5—Materials delivery, storage, and handling 1.5.1 Prevent bending, coating with earth, oil, or other material, or otherwise damaging the FRP reinforcement. 1.5.2 When handling FRP reinforcement, use equipment that avoids damaging or abrading the FRP bar. Lift bundles of FRP reinforcement at multiple pickup points. Do not drop or drag FRP reinforcement. 1.5.3 FRP reinforcing bars shall be stored above the surface of the ground on platforms, skids, or other supports as close as possible to the point of placement. If stored outdoors for more than 4 months, the FRP reinforcing bars shall be covered with opaque plastic or other types of cover that protect the bars from ultraviolet rays. 1.5.4 Prevent exposure of FRP reinforcing bars to temperatures above 50 °C during storage. PART 2—PRODUCTS 2.1—Materials 2.1.1 FRP reinforcing bars—FRP reinforcement shall be deformed, sand coated, or both to provide bond with concrete unless otherwise stated in the Contract Documents.

SPECIFICATION FOR CONSTRUCTION WITH FRP REINFORCING BARS

FRP reinforcement shall be the types and sizes required by Contract Documents and shall conform to ACI 440.6M-08. 2.1.1.1 Permitted damage—The maximum total unrepaired visible damage permitted on each linear meter of each FRP bar shall not exceed 2% of the surface area in that linear meter of bar. The depth of the permissible damage shall not exceed 1 mm. 2.1.2 Grids and gratings—Premanufactured grids and gratings are not covered by this Specification. Mat reinforcement made of preassembled FRP bars is covered by this Specification. 2.1.3 FRP reinforcement supports—Use reinforcement supports made of dielectric material or, if ferrous, coated with dielectric material, including epoxy or another polymer. 2.1.4 Precast concrete reinforcement supports—Use concrete supports that have a surface area of not less than 2500 mm 2 and a compressive strength and durability properties equal to or greater than the specified compressive strength of the concrete being placed.

440.5M-3

Table 3.1—Concrete cover requirements for FRP reinforcement Specified cover, mm Slabs and joists Top and bottom bars No. 32 bars and smaller

20

Formed concrete surfaces exposed to earth and for bottoms bearing on work mat, or slabs supporting earth cover No. 16 bars and smaller

40

No. 19 through 32 bars

50 Beams, formed

Stirrups, spirals, and ties

40

Primary reinforcement

50

Exposed to earth Stirrups and ties

50

Primary reinforcement

65 Walls

No. 32 bars and smaller

20

Formed concrete surfaces exposed to earth or in contact with ground

50

Footings and base slabs

2.2—Fabrication 2.2.1 FRP reinforcement—No field fabrication is permitted except tying of FRP reinforcing bars, field cutting in accordance with the design or placement drawings, or both. Field cutting shall be performed as described in 3.4. PART 3—EXECUTION 3.1—Preparation 3.1.1 When concrete is placed, FRP reinforcement shall be free of materials deleterious to mechanical bond. 3.2—Bar placement 3.2.1 Tolerances—Place, support, and fasten FRP reinforcement as shown on the Project Drawings. Do not exceed the placing tolerances specified in ACI 117 before concrete is placed. Placing tolerances shall not reduce cover requirements except as specified in ACI 117. 3.2.2 FRP reinforcement relocation—When it is necessary to move FRP reinforcement beyond the specified placing tolerances to avoid interference with other reinforcement, conduits, or embedded items, submit the resulting reinforcement arrangement for approval. 3.2.3 Concrete cover—Unless otherwise specified, concrete cover for FRP reinforcement shall be as indicated in Table 3.1. Table 3.1 reports specified concrete cover requirements for FRP reinforcement for all exposure conditions except those required for additional fire protection. For bundled FRP bars, specified concrete cover shall be equal to the equivalent diameter of the bundle, but need not be greater than 50 mm, except the specified cover shall not be less than indicated in Table 3.1. The equivalent diameter of the bundle shall be computed based on the total area of the bundle. Tolerances on specified concrete cover shall meet the requirements of ACI 117. 3.2.4 FRP reinforcement supports—Unless otherwise permitted, use the reinforcement supports as given in 3.2.4.1 through 3.2.4.7.

At formed surfaces and bottoms bearing on concrete work mat

50

At unformed surfaces and bottoms in contact with earth

75

Top of footings

Same as slabs

Over top of piles

50

3.2.4.1 Use precast concrete reinforcement supports to support reinforcement from the ground or a mud mat. 3.2.4.2 Use wire reinforcement supports that are galvanized, coated with dielectric material, or made of dielectric material (including FRP) to support FRP reinforcement. 3.2.4.3 Reinforcement and embedded steel items used with FRP reinforcement shall be zinc-coated (galvanized) or coated with nonmetallic materials, or stainless steel or stainless steel clad. In the case of carbon FRP (CFRP) bars, zinc coatings, stainless steel, or stainless steel clad shall not be used in direct contact with CFRP bars. 3.2.4.4 Use steel wires or dowels coated with dielectric material or stainless steel when precast concrete reinforcement supports with embedded steel tie wires or dowels are used with FRP reinforcement. 3.2.4.5 Reinforcement used as supports for FRP reinforcement shall be epoxy-coated or made of FRP. 3.2.4.6 In walls, use spreader bars that are epoxy-coated steel or made of FRP. Proprietary combination bar clips and spreaders used in walls with FRP reinforcement shall be made of corrosion-resistant material or coated with dielectric material. 3.2.4.7 Tie wire shall be plastic- or polymer-coated wire. For applications requiring complete electromagnetic neutrality, glass FRP (GFRP) bars shall be tied in place using nylon or plastic wire (zip) ties. Alternatively, thermoplastic injection molded clips are permitted. 3.2.5 Mat reinforcement—For slabs-on-ground, extend FRP mat reinforcement to within 50 mm of the concrete edge. Lap splice edges and ends of FRP mat reinforcement sheets as shown on the Project Drawings. Unless otherwise specified or permitted, do not extend FRP mat reinforcement

440.5M-4

ACI STANDARD

Table 3.2—Minimum radius of prefabricated bends FRP bar size

Minimum inside bend diameter

No. 10 through 25

Three bar diameters

No. 29 and 32

Four bar diameters

through contraction joints. Support FRP mat reinforcement during placing of concrete to maintain specified elevation in the slab. Do not place FRP mat reinforcement on grade and subsequently raise into position in concrete. 3.2.6 Splices—Form lap splices as indicated on the Project Drawings. Mechanical splices for FRP reinforcement are not permitted. 3.2.7 Field bending or straightening—If the plans require bent FRP bars, the bends shall be incorporated during bar manufacture. Field bending or straightening of FRP bars are not permitted. 3.2.8 Factory-formed bends—Minimum inside bend radii shall conform to the requirements of Table 3.2. In addition, the beginning of the bend shall not be closer to the concrete surface than the minimum diameter of the bend. 3.2.9 FRP reinforcement through expansion joint—Do not continue FRP reinforcement or other embedded FRP items bonded to concrete through expansion joints. FRP dowels that extend through a joint or waterstop shall be unbonded or bonded to only one side of a joint or waterstop.

3.3—Repair of fiber-reinforced polymer bars 3.3.1 Damage to an FRP bar resulting in visible fibers (other than at cut ends) or a cut or defect greater than 1 mm deep shall be cause for rejection of a bar. Visible damage to the FRP bars exceeding 2% of surface area per meter of bar and not resulting in rejection by the Architect/Engineer shall be repaired. The remedy for a damaged FRP bar shall be to lap splice a new FRP bar adjacent to the damaged portion with the appropriate lap length on either side of the damage. 3.4—Field cutting of fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement 3.4.1 Field cut FRP reinforcement only when specifically permitted using cutting methods specified by or acceptable to the Architect/Engineer. When FRP reinforcing bars are cut in the field, shear cutting is not permitted. 3.4.2 Cut ends shall be sealed if required by the FRP bar manufacturer or the Architect/Engineer, and all surface damage due to cutting shall be inspected by the Architect/ Engineer and repaired. 3.5—Concrete placement If FRP reinforcement is not adequately supported or tied to resist settlement, floating upward, or movement in any direction during concrete placement, concrete placement shall be halted until corrective measures are taken.

SPECIFICATION FOR CONSTRUCTION WITH FRP REINFORCING BARS

FOREWORD TO CHECKLISTS F1. This Foreword is included for explanatory purposes only; it does not form a part of ACI Specification 440.5M-08. F2. ACI Specification 440.5M-08 may be referenced by the Specifier in the Project Specification for any building project, together with supplementary requirements for the specific project. Responsibilities for project participants must be defined in the Project Specification. The ACI Specification cannot and does not address responsibilities for any project participant other than the Contractor. F3. Checklists do not form a part of ACI Specification 440.5M-08. Checklists assist the Specifier in selecting and specifying project requirements in the Project Specification.

440.5M-5

F4. The Specifier shall make adjustments to the needs of a particular project by reviewing each of the items in the checklists and including the items the Specifier selects as mandatory requirements in the Project Specification. F5. The Mandatory Requirements Checklist indicates work requirements regarding specific qualities, procedures, materials, and performance criteria that are not defined in ACI Specification 440.5M-08. F6. The Optional Requirements Checklist identifies Specifier choices and alternatives. The checklists identify the Sections, Parts, and Articles of the Reference Specification and the action required or available to the Specifier. F7. The Submittal Checklist identifies Specifier choices for information or data to be provided by the Contractor before, during, or after construction.

MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST Section/Part/Article Notes to Specifier 2.1.1 FRP reinforcing bars

State in the Contract Documents where the use of FRP reinforcing bars is required. State the types and sizes of FRP bars.

Specify the permitted method of cutting FRP bars. Acceptable methods include cutting with high-speed grinder or 3.4 Field cutting of circular blade saw. Carborundum or diamond blades are preferred. fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcement

OPTIONAL REQUIREMENTS CHECKLIST Section/Part/Article Notes to Specifier 1.4 Submittals

Specify which items, if any, listed in 1.4.1 through 1.4.3 are not required to be submitted.

2.1.1 FRP reinforcing bars

Specify where FRP reinforcement shall not be deformed or sand coated. Smooth FRP bars should be used as dowels where the intent is to transfer shear force while allowing bar sliding.

3.2.3 Concrete cover

Specify where concrete cover for FRP reinforcement shall be different from the values specified in Table 3.1.

3.2.4 FRP Specify permitted reinforcement supports other than those listed in 3.2.4.1 through 3.2.4.7. reinforcement supports 3.2.5 Mat reinforcement

Specify where FRP mat reinforcement is permitted to extend through a contraction joint.

SUBMITTALS CHECKLIST Section/Part/Article Notes to Specifier 1.4.1.1 FRP reinforcement

FPR bar manufacturer’s certified test report.

1.4.1.2 Placing drawings

Placing drawings showing fabrication dimensions and placement locations of FRP reinforcement and reinforcement supports.

1.4.1.3 Splices

A list of splices and request to use splices not indicated in Contract Documents.

1.4.1.4 Supports

Description of reinforcement supports and materials for fastening reinforcement.

1.4.2 and 3.2.2 FRP reinforcement relocation

Reinforcement arrangement when it is necessary to move FRP reinforcement beyond the specified placing tolerances to avoid interference with other reinforcement, conduits, or embedded items.

1.4.3 Inspection and quality control

Quality assurance/quality control program of plant manufacturing FRP reinforcement.

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Specification for Construction with Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforcing Bars

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