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Contrastive Analysis 2015

REVISION

50 minutes

1. State the major objectives of contrastive analysis suggested by Lado (1957) 1. ……………………………………………………………………………………………..; 2. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. ……………………………………………………………………………………………... 2. Match the term in column A with the definition in column B, then rearrange the steps in correct order using the box below. Name of the step

What is done

Description

A. This is a step where one decides what is to be compared with what. It involves a search for, and identification of cross/inter-linguistic/cultural equivalent

Prediction

B. This step evaluates the degree and types of correspondence between items under the comparison

Juxtaposition

C. This step generate the hypotheses basing on the identification of the similarities and differences of the language systems of the two contrasted languages

Comparison

D. This step includes the selection and preliminary characterization of the items under comparison in the framework of language- independent theoretical model

Name of the step what is done

1

2

3

4

3. Please fill in the blanks of the following sentences with a word or group of words a) Positive Transfer (also known as 1………………), which occurs where there is a 2 ………………. between L1 and L2, leading to something correct. This kind of transfer would assist the 3…………………………. b) Negative Transfer (also known as 4……………………..), which occurs where there is 5 ……………………… between L1 and L2, leading to something incorrect. This kind of transfer would 6…………………. the acquisition process. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Giả

4. Please list the English equivalents of “giả” (at least four members) and provide the collocation for each of the members of “giả” in the box below. Vietnamese English equivalents Collocation E.g. fake fake money IMITATION

IMITATION JEWERIES

ARTIFICIAL

ARIFICIAL LIGHTS

FORGED

FORGED DOCUMENT

FALSE

FALSE HAIR

BOGUS

BOGUS COMPANY

DUMMY

DUMMY RUN

SPURIOUS

SPURIOUS EYES

PHONEY

PHONEY ACCENT

ASSUMED

ASSUMED NAME

MOCK

MOCK BATTLE

5. Please list the English equivalents of “wear” (at least four members) and provide the collocation for each of the members of “wear” in the box below. Collocation mang giày

Wear

Vietnamese Vietnamese equivalents E.g. mang

5. Juxtapose the pair of sentences below and compare to state how explicit Vietnamese is compared to English in the translationally-equated pair of sentences in rank of sentence, clause, phrase, word, morpheme. (see UNIT 5 page 60) Hôm qua tôi cho mổ lợn. (Hanoi dialect) Yesterday I had the pig slaughtered

Contrasted ranks

Sentence Clause

Phrase

Word

Morpheme

Contrasted sentences Tối qua tôi cho mổ lợn. Yesterday I had the pig slaughtered. Comment: …………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6. Examine the sentence below and answer the following questions

… đôi mắt của nó làm cho tất cả mọi người xung quanh đều sợ hãi. i) List out possible translational equivalents in English for the Vietnamese sentence 1) …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2) …………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3) …………………………………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………………….. ii) Identify the causative verb type of the English translational equivalents for the Vietnamese causative verb (làm cho sợ hãi) in terms of morphological, syntactic, lexical categories. E.g. làm/trấn an = to make s.b calm (down) (+ syntactic/analytic) = to calm s.b (down) (+ lexical) Types of causative verb

Syntactic/Analytic

Morphological

Lexical

iii) Which type of causative verbs in English (mentioned in ii) has most similarities in terms of syntactic features (word order, sentence element, number of words/morphemes) as those in Vietnamese? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… iv) To show the similarities between this type of causative verb (mentioned in iii) in English and Vietnamese, please draw a table to represent the syntactic features of the causative verbs in the two sentences. Language for CA

Subject Causer

Causative verb Causative process

Object Causee

Complement Result

Vietnamese English

7. Examine the sentences in the box on the box below and answer the following questions. i) Identify the cause of error of transfer in the each of the following sentences;

ii) Write the intended correct sentences in the box on the right. Erroneous sentences

Cause of error of transfer

Intended Correct Sentences

My family has five people.

-Intended meaning: existence (there)

There are five members/persons in my family.

-Actual word: has -kind of error: wrong/false word: Có

has

Although he was so tired, but he still kept working.

-Intended meaning: ........................ -Actual word: ................................ -kind of error: ................................

I lost two hours to finish this work. I forgot my book at home. I very like Coca Cola.

8. State which version of CAH goes with each of the following assumptions. Version of CAH

Assumption This emphasizes the explanatory power of observable errors or the relative difficulty. wherever patterns are minimally distinct in form or meaning in one or more systems, confusion may result A systematic and scientific analysis of the two language systems can help predict the difficulties.

9. Please list the members in the field of “eat” in English (at least five members) and answer the following questions (You can use a dictionary) i) Make a matrix of the semantic features of each of the members of “eat” ii) Then provide the Vietnamese translational equivalence for each of the English members, e.g. devour ≈ (ăn) ngấu nghiến

i) Make a matrix of the semantic features of each of the members of “eat” and “ăn” using the + and ii) Match each members of the group in the two languages as translational equivalence. Semantic

Vietnamese

English

Feature Members Devour



Suggested answers for

Members in the field of “eat” in English makes a small very semantic

not polite

in big

very small

very

feature

Members of “eat” Wolf Munch Nibble Devour Gobble Táp Nhai chóp chép Nhấm Ngấu nghiến Ngốn

lot of noise

amount of food

quickly,

pieces

+

+

+

bites

hungry

+ +

+ + +

+ +

+

Members in the field of “cook” in English semantic feature Members of “cook” Bake Roast Sauté Poach Steam Nướng Quay Chần/trụng Áp chảo Hầm Translational Vietnamese equivalents English

e.g. bake

Vietnamese Nướng 10. Please fill in the blanks of the following sentences with a word or group of words. You are required to write the correct word/phrase in the box provided below. Tertium comparationis can be understood as 1 …………. platform of reference enabling the process of contrastive analysis. It refers to the 2 ………….. part of comparison. Objects can be compared via different 3…………. to yield the result that these objects are not only similar in some respects but also different in others. TC is different from the 4 ……………. in that TC is the basis of comparison without which a 5 ……………. is impossible whereas similarities are just the result from the comparison.

TC and 6 ……………. are not equal either. The latter is a notion established on the foundation of relations concerning with values and ability of substitution. 1.

2.

3.

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

4.

5.

6.

END-TERM TEST 2015-2016 Course: Contrastive Analysis Test code: ENDCA102 Course code: 4112002 Credits: 02 Date: /2016 Time allocation: 45’

KEY 1. Fill in the blanks to complete the six assumptions that the CAH was based on. (2m) 1) HABIT 2) ERRORS 3) DIFFERENCES/DISSIMILARITIES 4) DIFFERENCES/DISSIMILARITIES - DIFFICULTIES 5) SECOND 6). DIFFICULTIES - EASE 2. Fill in the blanks of the assumptions in the cells on the right, then state which version of CAH goes with each of the following assumptions. (2ms) Version of CAH

Assumption

WEAK

EXPLANTORY - OBSERVABLE

MODERATE

MINIMALLY – CONFUSION/DIFFICULTIES

STRONG

SYSTEMATIC - PREDICT

3. Juxtapose the pair of sentences below and compare to state how explicit Vietnamese is compared to English in the translationally-equated pair of sentences in rank of sentence, clause, phrase, word, morpheme. (2 ms) i) Use the figure below for the comparison of the two sentences in terms of rank scale Contrasted ranks

S

Cl.

Phr.

Wd.

Morph.

Bầu trời dần tối sẩm lại

1

1

2

6

6

The sky is gradually darkened

1

1

2

5

8

Contrasted sentences

ii) Make a comment about about the explicitness of English sentence and the Vietnamese one: The two sentences are unit identical down to the rank of phrase. Now they begin to diverge: the Vietnasmse uses 6 words while the English sentence employs 5 words. (At the rank of morphemes), the imbalance is reversed when the morphemes are counted as follows: Bầu/ trời/ dần /tối /sẩm /lại 1 2 3 4 5 6 The /sky /is /gradual/ly /dark/en/ed 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 English is MORE SYNTHETIC Vietnamese is MORE ANALYTIC

4. Examine the sentences in the box on the box below and answer the following questions. (2ms) i) Identify the cause of error of transfer (lexical or structural) in the each of the following sentences; ii) Write the intended correct sentences in the box on the right. Erroneous sentences

Cause of error of transfer

Intended Correct Sentences

I can kill you by a finger.

-kind of error: .LEXICAL ERROR BẰNG BY

I can kill you WITH a finger.

TC is different with similaities.

-kind of error: LEXICAL ERROR VỚI WITH

TC is different FROM similaities.

Almost people came to the party.

-kind of error: LEXICAL ERROR HẦU HẾT ALMOST

MOST people came to the party/ALMOST EVERYBODY

It’s 2 meters broad.

-kind of error: LEXICAL ERROR RỘNG BROAD

It’s 2 meters WIDE.

5. Examine the Vietnamese sentences and their translational equivalents in English below, then answer the following questions. (2ms) Vietnamese sentence English translational equivalence a Gió mát làm hắn bình tỉnh lại The cool breeze calmed him down. b Sự ngoan cố của An làm hắn điên tiết An’s stubborness drove him mad. c Bài ca đã làm nhẹ gánh lo của ta The song has lightened our load ii) Identify the causative verb type of the English translational equivalents for the Vietnamese causative verb (làm cho sợ hãi) in terms of morphological, syntactic, lexical categories. Types of English causative verb Syntactic/Analytic Morphological Lexical a. calm sb. down X Drive sb. mad X Lighten sth. X iii) Please draw a table to represent the syntactic features of the causative verbs in the English sentence (mentioned in ii) that has most similarities in terms of syntactic features (word order, sentence element as those in Vietnamese? subject Verb object Complement An’s stubborness drove him mad

Causer

Causative process

Causee

Result

SAMPLE END-TERM TEST 2015-2016 Course: Contrastive Analysis Test code: ENDCA102 Course code: 4112002 Credits: 02 Date: 14/3/2016 Time allocation: 45’ ENGLISH DEPARTMENT SCORE

Name: …………………............... Class: ……………………………... ID number:………………..............

EXAMINER

Code number

1. State the major objectives of contrastive analysis suggested by Lado (1957) (1m)

2. Write the term of the steps in column A with the definition in column B, then fill in the blanks in columm B. (1m) Name of the step

What is done A. This step includes the selection and preliminary characterization of the items under comparison in the …………..... of language- independent theoretical model B. This is a step where one decides what is to be ………….. with what. It involves a search for, and identification of cross/inter-linguistic/cultural equivalent C. This step evaluates the degree and types of correspondence between items under the ……………….. D. This step generate the …………….. basing on the identification of the similarities and differences of the language systems of the two contrasted languages

3. Please fill in the blanks of the following sentences with a word or group of words (2m) a) Positive Transfer (also known as 1………………), which occurs where there is a 2………………. between L1 and L2, leading to something correct. This kind of transfer would assist the 3…………………………. b) Negative Transfer (also known as 4……………………..), which occurs where there is 5……………………… between L1 and L2, leading to something incorrect. This kind of transfer would 6…………………. the acquisition process. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

4. Please consider the list 6 members in the field of “eat” in English and answer the following questions (2 ms) i) Make a matrix of the semantic features of each of the members of “eat” with + ii) Then match each members of the group in the two languages as the semantic or/and translational equivalence, e.g. devour ≈ (ăn) ngấu nghiến Members in the field of “eat” in English semantic feature Members of “eat”

makes a lot of noise

small amounts of food

swallowing in big pieces

taking very small bites

quickly

because you are very hungry

not consider polite

without interest

wolf munch nibble devour gobble pick at English

devour

wolf

munch

nibble

gobble

pick at

Vietnamese 5. Juxtapose the pair of sentences below and compare to state how explicit Vietnamese is compared to English in the translationally-equated pair of sentences in rank of sentence, clause, phrase, word, morpheme. (2 ms) Tối qua tôi đã đóng chặc cửa trước để ngừa kẻ trộm. Yesterday I locked the door tightly to prevent burglaries. i) Use the figure below for the comparison of the two sentences in terms of rank scale Contrasted ranks Contrasted sentences

S

Cl.

Phr.

Wd.

Morph.

Tối qua tôi đã đóng chặc cửa trước để ngừa kẻ trộm. Yesterday I locked the door tightly to prevent burglaries. ii) Make a comment about about the explicitness of English sentence and the Vietnamese one: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Tối /qua/ tôi/ đã /đóng/ chặc /cửa /trước/ để/ ngừa /kẻ /trộm/. Yester/day/ I/ lock/ed/ the/ door/ tight/ly/ to/ pre/vent/ burglar/i/es English is more synthetic Vietnamese is more analytic 6. Examine the sentences in the box on the box below and answer the following questions. (2ms) i) Identify the cause of error of transfer (lexical or structural) in the each of the following sentences; ii) Write the intended correct sentences in the box on the right. Erroneous sentences

Cause of error of transfer

Intended Correct Sentences

My family has five people.

Kind of error: lexical error Có has

There are five members/persons in my family.

Although he was so tired, but he still kept working.

-kind of error: ................................

I lost two hours to finish this work.

-kind of error: ................................

I forgot my book at home.

-kind of error: ................................

I very like Coca Cola.

-kind of error: ................................