02 Civil Engineering and Society and Other Professions [PDF]

Zitiervorschau

CEORNT120

Civil Engineering and Society and Other Professions

Civil Engineering & Society & Other Professions

1

Civil Engineering: Knowledge and Skills

2

Roles of Civil Engineers

3

Civil Engineering and other Professions 2

Civil Engineering: Knowledge and Skills

What is Civil Engineering? •

•

•

Civil engineering is the oldest and quintessential engineering profession Civil engineering is the design and construction of public works, such as dams, bridges and other large infrastructure projects. It is one of the oldest branches of engineering, dating back to when people first started living in permanent settlements and began shaping their environments to suit their needs 4

What do engineers need to know? •

•

A global vision and approach to problem identification and problem solving in areas such as infrastructure, environment, facilities, and systems A basic management knowledge base in areas such as business, resources, personnel management, communication skills, costs and value judgments, and time management

5

What do engineers need to know? •

•

A solid foundation in personal and inter-personal attributes ethics. An involvement with engineering practice as the formal education evolve

6

Civil Engineering Basics Knowledge

• • •

supervise project construction and maintenance must possess a very broad skill set, from cost accounting to geology Many civil engineers have jobs that require a very hands-on role in construction, while others may have positions more heavily weighted toward supervisory and administrative skills

The important skills needed to succeed in Civil Engineering

8

Civil Engineering Basics Technical Skills

➢should have a level of Mathematics and Physics that allows for the identification and solving of engineering problems ➢be skilled in design techniques and working with maps, drawings, and models, as well as CAD software ➢to be able to predict any possible future problems and find solutions for them

Civil Engineering Basics Technical Skills ➢Math skills Civil engineers use the principles of calculus, trigonometry, and other advanced topics in mathematics for analysis, design, and troubleshooting in their work ➢Tests of Building Materials A good civil engineer should have proper knowledge of different tests of building materials. e.g.: Concrete Test: Slump test, compression test, split tensile test, soundness etc.

Civil Engineering Basics Technical Skills ➢Investigation of soil Various soil tests are conducted to determine the settlement and stability of soils before starting construction. So as a civil engineer, you should have enough knowledge of these tests which are performed at the site ➢Uses of Surveying Instruments Usages of surveying instruments like the total station, theodolite, etc. are also mandatory knowledge for every civil engineer. These instruments are used for marking and measurement.

Civil Engineering Basics Technical Skills ➢Standard Codes Used In Construction Every country has its standard safety specifications (e.g.: NSCP, NBCP) for construction-related works. All new construction should be done by following all the rules and procedures mentioned in the standard codes. Otherwise, the chances of failure of a structure will be always high. ➢Bar Bending Schedule The bar bending schedule is an essential chart for civil engineers and civil engineering basics skill, It provides the reinforcement calculation of the RC beam such as cutting length, type of bending, the length of bending, etc.

Civil Engineering Basics Technical Skills

➢Drawing and Design Drawing and design are the primary keys of an ongoing project. It provides all the required specifications of that project. Every site engineer should have the analyzing power of such drawings and designs.

Managerial Skills When problems arise, it is common for people involved in the project on all levels to look to the engineer for guidance and resolution. Civil engineers must be able to step up to the task and manage a diverse team of professionals whilst maintaining the confidence of clients. ➢ Scheduling- project scheduling is a core project management skill.

Managerial Skills ➢ Cost Control- critical topic for project managers. Those without this skill will be at a disadvantage because budgets are tight. You need to show that you can deliver your project within the cost constraints and by managing the project finances intelligently. ➢ Risk Management-The more ‘routine’ the project, the more it is likely to get outsourced or given to a functional manager who shows an aptitude for getting things done. Project managers will work on the more complex, transformative, unique endeavors that require decent risk

Managerial Skills ➢ Contract Management-is about being able to actively manage that procurement. Previously many project managers have been able to rely on their Finance departments to get this sort of work done (and Legal teams for managing the terms of the deal) ➢ Critical Thinking-is core to being able to make good decisions. You must weigh up the pros and cons of solutions to problems before choosing the right way forward. This is what distinguishes a project manager who is good at managing issues to someone who blows issues out of the water every time.

Managerial Skills ➢ Project Recovery-showing you know how to turn around a poorly performing team and the project will certainly set you aside from your peers. ➢ Task Management-be able to create a task list, delegate work to others and keep on top of progress. ➢ Quality management- ensures that you deliver a product that is fit for purpose. Unfortunately, project managers often don’t spend enough time on the quality angle of their projects – it’s one of those processes and set of tasks that are overlooked as an administrative overhead

Managerial Skills ➢ Meetings Management- Being able to sense when a meeting is going off the rails and people aren’t paying attention is a key skill for project managers. It’s helped by sticking to the agenda but it’s also about being able to read the body language of people in the room to check that you are getting through the material quickly and comprehensively.

Leadership Skills Civil engineers take ultimate responsibility for the projects that they manage or research that they perform. Therefore, they must be able to lead planners, surveyors, construction managers, civil engineering technicians, civil engineering technologists, and others in implementing their project plan ➢ Decision-making-Civil engineers often balance multiple and frequently conflicting objectives, such as determining the feasibility of plans regarding financial costs and safety concerns. Civil engineers must be able to make good decisions based on best practices, their own technical knowledge, and their own experience.

Leadership Skills ➢Negotiation-Project managers with good negotiation skills will be an asset to their teams as they seek to resolve conflicts by finding the win-win scenarios for everyone. ➢ Organizational skills- be able to monitor and evaluate the work at the jobsite as a project progresses. That way, they can ensure compliance with the design documents. Civil engineers also often manage several projects at the same time, and thus must be able to balance time needs and to effectively allocate resources.

Leadership Skills ➢Problem-solving skills -Civil engineers work at the highest level of the planning, design, construction, and operation of multifaceted projects or research. The many variables involved require that they possess the ability to identify and evaluate complex problems. They must be able to then utilize their skill and training to develop costeffective, safe, and efficient solutions.

Communication Skills The ability to communicate effectively is a highly soughtafter skill. Whether dealing with Management or a client, Engineers need to be able to clearly communicate ideas and give direction leaving no ambiguity. They must also be able to listen and benefit from the ideas of others in the team ➢ Written communication skills-From technicians to project managers, civil engineers at every level need to be able to communicate via written reports and correspondence concisely.

Communication Skills ➢ Oral communication skills-This entails being able to listen to clients, officials, team members, and other skilled workers in order to grasp their concerns and requests effectively. Strong speaking skills are also necessary for civil engineers when explaining complex technical information to the people they work and interact within a concise fashion so that they can easily comprehend the information being shared.

Communication Skills ➢Business Case Writing-With the ongoing focus on delivering business value, being able to write business case (or at least contribute one) will be a good skill to have. ➢ Sense of Humor- Getting through your projects largely relies on a good sense of humor and the goodwill of colleagues prepared to pick up the slack or wait another 24 hours. An ability to see the funny side of project management will keep you on an even keel.

Other Skills ➢Creativity -the role of Civil Engineers is applying Engineering principles to develop solutions within the built environment. Often, this requires a certain level of creativity. Engineers need to be able to innovate and improve solutions. ➢Visualization skills -must be flexible and dynamic in order to identify and resolve issues before they can become problems. Because there are so many component parts to large-scale projects, civil engineers must be able to envision how the interrelationships change when one or more individual aspects are changed.

Other Skills ➢Critical thinking-also one of the civil engineering basics skills required for civil engineers to often overcome the complex problems and need to find efficient solutions for them. They need to be able to assess the pros and cons of all possible solutions, and they need to be decisive in order to choose the best one.

Roles and Functions of Civil Engineers

Civil engineers play an extremely important role in the society. They are responsible for maintaining the overall safety of society in several ways including rural engineering. From constructing highways and buildings to bridges and tunnels, the responsibilities of civil engineers are many. Civil engineers are responsible for planning and overseeing different construction efforts and apply civil engineering principles to ensure that the constructed structures are safe and sturdy.

Civil Engineers main role is in • • •

• •

Surveying Planning Designing Estimation Executions of structures like --buildings -- roads --bridges --railways, --ports --airports --dams 29

Roles of Civil Engineers ➢

➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

To use scientific and engineering principles for solutions of different engineering problems To solve engineering problems with the help of field experience, laboratory techniques, mathematical models, computer and information technology To implement management techniques for better management of man, material, machines and money To carry out planning of building as per its functional needs, as suggested by clients or user. He must plan the building as per the bylaws. To carry out soil investigations for the design of foundation of structures. 30

Roles of Civil Engineers ➢

➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

To carry out principles of structures as per the principles of structural analysis and design. Ensures that the design is safe, durable and economical. To prepare the estimates to know the probable cost of completion of work. To invite tender and to select contractors for the work. To carry out valuation of land or building for the purpose of finding its sale or purchase price or taxation. Civil engineers must work for the general welfare of people.

31

Functions of Civil Engineering

Civil engineering functions can be classified in three categories: ➢ ➢ ➢

Before Construction During Construction After Construction

32

Before Construction ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

33

Before Construction ✓

✓

✓

In the beginning technical feasibility, environmental impact assessment and economical viability of the project are studied. Surveying includes preparing site plan, contour map and measurement of field dimensions and level Soil investigation includes collecting data regarding soil and bearing capacity of soil. Based on the collected planning, designing, are carried and drawings are prepared. Estimates to know the probable cost of completion of work and detailed planning and scheduling are prepared to carry out different activities in time without delay.

34

During Construction ➢ ➢ ➢ ➢

35

During Construction ✓

✓

✓

✓

Owner, engineer and contractor are the three constituents of a construction team in engineering profession, hence continuous liaison among themselves is very essential for the speedy progress of the work. Execution of work is actual construction carried out on the site with materials and equipment's by the skilled and unskilled work force, under technical guidance and supervision or engineer in charge. During construction engineer must supervise the work carried out as per the specifications for quality control. Costing is the key procedure in arriving the actual cost of construction During construction engineer must supervise the work carried out as per the specifications for quality control. Costing is the key procedure in arriving the actual cost of construction 36

After Construction ➢ ➢ ➢

37

References

➢https://www.civil.columbia.edu/about/what-civil-engineering ➢https://www.livescience.com/47612-civil-engineering.html ➢https://www.constructionplacements.com/civil-engineeringbasics-skill-to-become-a-successful-civil-engineer/

38

Thank you for joining the class! Does anyone have any questions? Prepared by: Engr. Eden S. Ditchella, CE [email protected]

39